You searched for +publisher:"Vanderbilt University" +contributor:("Xenofon Koutsoukos").
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Vanderbilt University
1.
Zare, Hamid.
Hands-On Artificial Intelligence and Cybersecurity Education in High Schools.
Degree: MS, Computer Science, 2019, Vanderbilt University
URL: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-11172019-181334/ 
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► Computer science literacy is becoming increasingly important. As technology integrates with every aspect of our lives, so does our need for understanding it. Cybercrime is…
(more)
▼ Computer science literacy is becoming increasingly important. As technology integrates with every aspect of our lives, so does our need for understanding it. Cybercrime is rapidly growing and there is a shortage of people to combat it. On even a larger scale, artificial intelligence is changing the world. We need a steady pipeline of motivated experts in both these fields and it all starts with education. Both of these topics are abstract in nature and have historically been difficult to teach, especially to a young audience with a minimal computer science background. We believe that by making hands-on education of these topics more interesting and accessible, we can not only teach students to be cognizant about these forces affecting their lives, but also spark an interest and get them to consider these fields as their future careers.
Visual programming and block-based languages have been shown to be effective in teaching computer science concepts. We present novel contributions to block-based programming integrating AI and cybersecurity abstractions to introduce them at a level accessible in K12. NetsBlox is a block-based programming language with first-class support for remote procedure calls (RPC) and message passing. Built on top of it, is RoboScape which brings robot programming into the mix. Students use blocks to write programs that run in the browser and control robots through RPCs. RoboScape enables teaching cybersecurity by exposing (virtual) network traffic to other users in NetsBlox making the robots vulnerable to a host of attacks. We address the issue of setting up these networked robots in new environments through a portable batch provisioning application. In addition, we introduce a flexible access control solution for RoboScape involving different policies, an ownership verification challenge, and a dashboard. On the AI front, we present a visual playground based on Snap! called Visual RL. We focus on reinforcement learning to teach about AI. By adding careful abstractions of Q-learning, we give a great degree of control in training an AI model to the user while still maintaining simplicity. This provides the baseline for exploring different ideas in AI while making everyday games more intelligent. Finally, we introduce NetsBlox Player as a mobile execution environment for running NetsBlox projects on the go, regardless of the platform.
Advisors/Committee Members: Akos Ledeczi (chair), Xenofon Koutsoukos (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: computational thinking; education; aritificial intelligence; visual programming; cybersecurity
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APA (6th Edition):
Zare, H. (2019). Hands-On Artificial Intelligence and Cybersecurity Education in High Schools. (Masters Thesis). Vanderbilt University. Retrieved from http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-11172019-181334/ ;
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Zare, Hamid. “Hands-On Artificial Intelligence and Cybersecurity Education in High Schools.” 2019. Masters Thesis, Vanderbilt University. Accessed January 24, 2020.
http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-11172019-181334/ ;.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Zare, Hamid. “Hands-On Artificial Intelligence and Cybersecurity Education in High Schools.” 2019. Web. 24 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Zare H. Hands-On Artificial Intelligence and Cybersecurity Education in High Schools. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Vanderbilt University; 2019. [cited 2020 Jan 24].
Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-11172019-181334/ ;.
Council of Science Editors:
Zare H. Hands-On Artificial Intelligence and Cybersecurity Education in High Schools. [Masters Thesis]. Vanderbilt University; 2019. Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-11172019-181334/ ;
Vanderbilt University
2.
Fennessy, Grant.
Autonomous Vehicle End-to-End Reinforcement Learning Model and the Effects of Image Segmentation on Model Quality.
Degree: MS, Computer Science, 2019, Vanderbilt University
URL: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-03122019-204330/
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► Autonomous driving has the potential not only to transform people's lives, but also save them. Fully understanding state of the art autonomous driving architectures, however,…
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▼ Autonomous driving has the potential not only to transform people's lives, but also save them. Fully understanding state of the art autonomous driving architectures, however, requires a wide breadth of knowledge on available sensors, perception, image segmentation, localization, path planning, neural networks, convolution, and more. This thesis proposes a simple end-to-end architecture that has promising behavioral results. Two novel techniques are also introduced: a new exploration algorithm that seeks to produce more robust training behaviors over simple linear decay models, and a new data splitting technique that splits a layer into multiple semantically meaningful layers in an attempt to improve feature recognition by a convolutional neural network. A series of end-to-end models are trained with access to either a ground truth semantic segmentation perceptor or an image camera perceptor with a semantic segmentation predictor model. Models are evaluated and results are compared to see which approach is superior. The perceptor configuration on the trained models is switched and evaluation is run again to see how the it reacts to a change in perceptor quality. This thesis hypothesizes that models should be trained on ground truth semantic segmentation data, even if the trained model will ultimately be evaluated with a semantic segmenter model, as the model quality should prove superior and training time can be reduced substantially.
Advisors/Committee Members: Xenofon Koutsoukos (committee member), Gautam Biswas (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: simulation; deeplab; probabilistic exploration; depth splitting; autonomous driving; reinforcement learning; image segmentation
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APA (6th Edition):
Fennessy, G. (2019). Autonomous Vehicle End-to-End Reinforcement Learning Model and the Effects of Image Segmentation on Model Quality. (Masters Thesis). Vanderbilt University. Retrieved from http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-03122019-204330/ ;
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Fennessy, Grant. “Autonomous Vehicle End-to-End Reinforcement Learning Model and the Effects of Image Segmentation on Model Quality.” 2019. Masters Thesis, Vanderbilt University. Accessed January 24, 2020.
http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-03122019-204330/ ;.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Fennessy, Grant. “Autonomous Vehicle End-to-End Reinforcement Learning Model and the Effects of Image Segmentation on Model Quality.” 2019. Web. 24 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Fennessy G. Autonomous Vehicle End-to-End Reinforcement Learning Model and the Effects of Image Segmentation on Model Quality. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Vanderbilt University; 2019. [cited 2020 Jan 24].
Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-03122019-204330/ ;.
Council of Science Editors:
Fennessy G. Autonomous Vehicle End-to-End Reinforcement Learning Model and the Effects of Image Segmentation on Model Quality. [Masters Thesis]. Vanderbilt University; 2019. Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-03122019-204330/ ;
Vanderbilt University
3.
Wade, Joshua William.
Design and Evaluation of a Virtual Reality Adaptive Driving Intervention Architecture (VADIA): Applications in Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Degree: MS, Computer Science, 2015, Vanderbilt University
URL: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-12042015-171106/
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► Injury, loss of life, and tremendous financial tolls have for years plagued drivers in the United States and in nearly every industrialized nation in the…
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▼ Injury, loss of life, and tremendous financial tolls have for years plagued drivers in the United States and in nearly every industrialized nation in the world. Despite the associated risks, driving remains an essential part of life for over 200 million Americans. In addition to social and behavioral deficits, individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) often struggle to develop the adaptive skills necessary to achieve independence. Driving intervention in individuals with ASD is a growing area of study, but is still widely under-researched. Moreover, existing simulated driver training systems focus on improving driving performance, but do not necessarily address processing deficits of people with ASD. VADIA, a virtual reality adaptive driving intervention architecture, was developed to fill this gap. Through a series of validation tests and pilot studies involving 27 subjects with ASD, VADIA is shown to be functional and robust, as well as a promising tool for driving intervention in individuals with ASD.
Advisors/Committee Members: Nilanjan Sarkar (chair), Xenofon Koutsoukos (committee member), Zachary Warren (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Virtual Reality; Driving Intervention; Autism Spectrum Disorder
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APA (6th Edition):
Wade, J. W. (2015). Design and Evaluation of a Virtual Reality Adaptive Driving Intervention Architecture (VADIA): Applications in Autism Spectrum Disorder. (Masters Thesis). Vanderbilt University. Retrieved from http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-12042015-171106/ ;
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wade, Joshua William. “Design and Evaluation of a Virtual Reality Adaptive Driving Intervention Architecture (VADIA): Applications in Autism Spectrum Disorder.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Vanderbilt University. Accessed January 24, 2020.
http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-12042015-171106/ ;.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wade, Joshua William. “Design and Evaluation of a Virtual Reality Adaptive Driving Intervention Architecture (VADIA): Applications in Autism Spectrum Disorder.” 2015. Web. 24 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Wade JW. Design and Evaluation of a Virtual Reality Adaptive Driving Intervention Architecture (VADIA): Applications in Autism Spectrum Disorder. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Vanderbilt University; 2015. [cited 2020 Jan 24].
Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-12042015-171106/ ;.
Council of Science Editors:
Wade JW. Design and Evaluation of a Virtual Reality Adaptive Driving Intervention Architecture (VADIA): Applications in Autism Spectrum Disorder. [Masters Thesis]. Vanderbilt University; 2015. Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-12042015-171106/ ;
Vanderbilt University
4.
Amundson, Isaac.
Spatio-Temporal Awareness in Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks.
Degree: PhD, Computer Science, 2010, Vanderbilt University
URL: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-05212010-092109/
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► Over the past decade we have witnessed the evolution of wireless sensor networks, with advancements in hardware design, communication protocols, resource efficiency, and other aspects.…
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▼ Over the past decade we have witnessed the evolution of wireless sensor networks, with advancements in hardware design, communication protocols, resource efficiency, and other aspects. Recently, there has been much focus on mobile sensor networks, and we have even seen the development of small profile sensing devices that are able to control their own movement. Although it has been shown that mobility alleviates several issues relating to sensor network coverage and connectivity, many challenges remain. Among these, the need for position estimation is perhaps the most important. Not only is localization required to understand sensor data in a spatial context, but also for navigation, a key feature of mobile sensors.
In this dissertation we develop techniques for the synchronization, localization and navigation of resource-constrained mobile sensors. Resource constraints prevent us from using traditional coordination methods, because these typically require bulky, expensive, and sophisticated sensors, substantial memory and processor allocation, and a generous power supply. The global positioning system is able to provide synchronization and localization information, however in many situations it cannot be relied on, and alternative methods are required. We focus on techniques that rely primarily on the sensor radio, since all wireless sensor nodes are equipped with them, thus requiring no additional hardware support. Specifically, we have developed a time synchronization protocol for heterogeneous sensor networks, localization techniques in which sensor nodes measure the phase and Doppler-shift in frequency of an RF interference signal, and waypoint navigation, in which the localization results are used to derive motion vectors for the mobile sensors.
Advisors/Committee Members: Nilanjan Sarkar (committee member), Yuan Xue (committee member), Julie Adams (committee member), Akos Ledeczi (committee member), Xenofon Koutsoukos (chair).
Subjects/Keywords: Navigation; Localization; Time Synchronization; Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks
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APA (6th Edition):
Amundson, I. (2010). Spatio-Temporal Awareness in Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks. (Doctoral Dissertation). Vanderbilt University. Retrieved from http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-05212010-092109/ ;
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Amundson, Isaac. “Spatio-Temporal Awareness in Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, Vanderbilt University. Accessed January 24, 2020.
http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-05212010-092109/ ;.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Amundson, Isaac. “Spatio-Temporal Awareness in Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks.” 2010. Web. 24 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Amundson I. Spatio-Temporal Awareness in Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2010. [cited 2020 Jan 24].
Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-05212010-092109/ ;.
Council of Science Editors:
Amundson I. Spatio-Temporal Awareness in Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2010. Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-05212010-092109/ ;
Vanderbilt University
5.
Hemingway, Graham S.
Time-Triggered High-Confidence Embedded Systems:\Modeling, Simulation, Analysis and Back.
Degree: PhD, Computer Science, 2011, Vanderbilt University
URL: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-04042011-145314/
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► Humans rely upon embedded computational systems for everything from mundane tasks, like building temperature control, to safety-critical tasks, like flight control systems. Design and validation…
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▼ Humans rely upon embedded computational systems for everything from mundane tasks, like building temperature control, to safety-critical tasks, like flight control systems. Design and validation of safety-critical cyber-physical systems requires a rigorous focus on behavioral determinism and correctness. The burgeoning scale and complexity of many safety-critical systems makes fully determining their behavior problematic. The time-triggered approach for system design has been shown to provide a powerful abstraction for reducing the behavioral complexity of distributed systems while increasing the ability to detect and mitigate faults. Time-triggered design principles have been embraced by many design and analysis tools, but no consistent formal definition exists across them. Despite using time-triggered approaches, the task of developing and validating safety-critical systems is not without challenges. Among these are realizing robust time-triggered execution, analyzing the impact of deployment, and scaling simulation platforms for larger systems.
In this thesis we formally define a time-triggered model of computation and develop a modeling language and toolchain to exploit this definition for the design and validation of high-confidence embedded systems. Any model of computation must concisely capture the execution semantics of a system while facilitating an analytic understanding of useful properties. Our time-triggered model of computation focuses on the temporal execution of a distributed control system and allows designers to easily analyze properties, such as determinism, schedulability, and response latency. We discuss the ESMoL modeling language for designing systems that conform to our model of computation. Using tools integrated into the modeling environment, designers are able to synthesize executables that realize the deterministic timing properties of the model, analyze the performance impact of deploying models onto actual hardware platforms, and to transform models into distributed and heterogenous simulations.
Advisors/Committee Members: Xenofon Koutsoukos (committee member), Gabor Karsai (committee member), Janos Sztipanovits (chair), Larry Schumaker (committee member), Joseph Sifakis (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: safety-critical; embedded; model of computation; real-time; time-triggered
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APA (6th Edition):
Hemingway, G. S. (2011). Time-Triggered High-Confidence Embedded Systems:\Modeling, Simulation, Analysis and Back. (Doctoral Dissertation). Vanderbilt University. Retrieved from http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-04042011-145314/ ;
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hemingway, Graham S. “Time-Triggered High-Confidence Embedded Systems:\Modeling, Simulation, Analysis and Back.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Vanderbilt University. Accessed January 24, 2020.
http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-04042011-145314/ ;.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hemingway, Graham S. “Time-Triggered High-Confidence Embedded Systems:\Modeling, Simulation, Analysis and Back.” 2011. Web. 24 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Hemingway GS. Time-Triggered High-Confidence Embedded Systems:\Modeling, Simulation, Analysis and Back. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2011. [cited 2020 Jan 24].
Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-04042011-145314/ ;.
Council of Science Editors:
Hemingway GS. Time-Triggered High-Confidence Embedded Systems:\Modeling, Simulation, Analysis and Back. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2011. Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-04042011-145314/ ;
Vanderbilt University
6.
Mack, Daniel Leif Campana.
Anomaly Detection from Complex Temporal Sequences in Large Data.
Degree: PhD, Computer Science, 2013, Vanderbilt University
URL: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-04092013-182409/
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► As systems become more complex and the amount of operational data collected from these systems increases proportionally, new challenges arise about how this data can…
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▼ As systems become more complex and the amount of operational data collected from these systems increases proportionally, new challenges arise about how this data can be used to better understand system operations, and detect unsafe behavior. For large systems made up of a number of interacting subsystems, detecting anomalous behavior while avoiding false alarms becomes an important problem. Anomaly detection in such systems must navigate large amounts of data that include a large number of operational runs under a variety of operating conditions, sensors, and long sequences of time series data that cover different aspects of system operation. From a safety viewpoint, we wish to use this data to improve the effectiveness of existing fault detection schemes. Of equal importance, is the development of methods that can detect previously unknown and undetected anomalies from the vast amounts of available operational data.
In this thesis, we have developed two approaches for anomaly detection in complex systems. The first approach uses supervised learning methods to improve the detection efficiency and accuracy of known anomalies in available diagnostic reasoners. The second approach uses unsupervised learning methods applied to the large amounts of data to identify previously undiscovered anomalies in system operations. Once anomalous instances are identified, we find the most discriminatory features, which then provide targeted information to help characterize the nature of the newly found anomalies for further study.
The methodologies developed in this thesis have been successfully applied to two big data domains. In the first domain, aircraft flight operations data is used for targeted improvement of known anomalies to improve diagnostic accuracy of a vehicle reasoner. This data is also used for identifying previously undetected or unknown anomalies during the takeoff phase of aircraft flight, which are then evaluated in terms of their potential impact on aviation safety. In the second domain, data recorded from pitches thrown in Major League Baseball games is used with our exploratory approach to identify anomalous games for individual pitchers, and then characterize these games in terms of the specific pitch types that differed from the nominal set thrown by these pitchers.
Advisors/Committee Members: Gabor Karsai (committee member), Gautam Biswas (chair), Xenofon Koutsoukos (committee member), Julie A. Adams (committee member), Doug Fisher (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: baseball; aviation safety; complexity measures; anomaly detection
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APA (6th Edition):
Mack, D. L. C. (2013). Anomaly Detection from Complex Temporal Sequences in Large Data. (Doctoral Dissertation). Vanderbilt University. Retrieved from http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-04092013-182409/ ;
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Mack, Daniel Leif Campana. “Anomaly Detection from Complex Temporal Sequences in Large Data.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Vanderbilt University. Accessed January 24, 2020.
http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-04092013-182409/ ;.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Mack, Daniel Leif Campana. “Anomaly Detection from Complex Temporal Sequences in Large Data.” 2013. Web. 24 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Mack DLC. Anomaly Detection from Complex Temporal Sequences in Large Data. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2013. [cited 2020 Jan 24].
Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-04092013-182409/ ;.
Council of Science Editors:
Mack DLC. Anomaly Detection from Complex Temporal Sequences in Large Data. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2013. Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-04092013-182409/ ;
Vanderbilt University
7.
Li, Bo.
Secure learning in adversarial environments.
Degree: PhD, Computer Science, 2016, Vanderbilt University
URL: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-07082016-224435/
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► Machine learning has become ubiquitous in the modern world, varying from enterprise applications to personal use cases and from image annotation and text recognition to…
(more)
▼ Machine learning has become ubiquitous in the modern world, varying from enterprise applications to personal use cases and from image annotation and text recognition to speech captioning and machine translation. Its capabilities in inferring patterns from data have found great success in the domains of prediction and decision making, including in security sensitive applications, such as intrusion detection, virus detection, biometric identity recognition, and spam filtering. However, strengths of such learning systems of traditional machine learning are based on the distributional stationarity assumption, and can become their vulnerabilities when there are adversarial manipulations during the training process (poisoning attack) or the testing process (evasion attack).
Considering the fact that the traditional learning strategies are potentially vulnerable to security faults, there is a need for machine learning techniques that are secure against sophisticated adversaries in order to fill the gap between the distributional stationarity assumption and deliberate adversarial manipulations. These techniques will be referred to as secure learning throughout this thesis.
To conduct systematic research for this secure learning problem, my study is based on three components. First, I model different kinds of attacks against the learning systems by evaluating the adversariesâ capabilities, goals and cost models. Second, I study the secure learning algorithms that counter any targeted malicious attacks by considering the specific goals of the learners and their resource and capability limitations theoretically. Concretely, I model the interactions between the defender (learning system) and attackers as different forms of games. Based on the game theoretic analysis, I evaluate the utilities and constraints for both participants, as well as optimize the secure learning system with respect to adversarial responses. Third, I design and implement practical algorithms to efficiently defend against multi-adversarial attack strategies.
My thesis focuses on examining and answering theoretical questions about the limits of classifier evasion (evasion attack), adversarial contamination (poisoning attack) and privacy preserving problem in adversarial environments, as well as how to design practical resilient learning algorithms for a wide range of applications, including spam filters, malware detection, network intrusion detection, recommendation systems, etc. In my study, I tailor my approaches for building scalable machine learning systems, which are demanded by modern big data applications.
Advisors/Committee Members: Daniel Fabbri (committee member), Xenofon Koutsoukos (committee member), Bradley Malin (committee member), Yevgeniy Vorobeychik (chair), Gautam Biswas (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: machine learning; security; privacy; game theory
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APA (6th Edition):
Li, B. (2016). Secure learning in adversarial environments. (Doctoral Dissertation). Vanderbilt University. Retrieved from http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-07082016-224435/ ;
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Li, Bo. “Secure learning in adversarial environments.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Vanderbilt University. Accessed January 24, 2020.
http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-07082016-224435/ ;.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Li, Bo. “Secure learning in adversarial environments.” 2016. Web. 24 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Li B. Secure learning in adversarial environments. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2016. [cited 2020 Jan 24].
Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-07082016-224435/ ;.
Council of Science Editors:
Li B. Secure learning in adversarial environments. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2016. Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-07082016-224435/ ;
Vanderbilt University
8.
Potteiger, Bradley David.
A Moving Target Defense Approach Towards Security and Resilience in Cyber-Physical Systems.
Degree: PhD, Electrical Engineering, 2019, Vanderbilt University
URL: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-09252019-104159/
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► Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) such as autonomous vehicles are becoming widely utilized throughout society. CPS are unique with respect to the tightly coupled nature between the…
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▼ Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) such as autonomous vehicles are becoming widely utilized throughout society. CPS are unique with respect to the tightly coupled nature between the cyber software and physical dynamics of a system, increasing the reliability and precision of safety-critical processes. However, with these benefits comes potential tradeoffs including the increased openness and connectivity of safety-critical components. Applications traditionally designed to be standalone and protected through physical means are now becoming vulnerable to remote attacks not only within the continental United States, but by foreign adversaries around the globe. By leveraging memory corruption vulnerabilities such as buffer overflows, attackers can remotely perform code injection, code reuse, and non-control data attacks to hijack key functionality. This dissertation focuses on leveraging Moving Target Defense (MTD) techniques such as ISR, ASR, and DSR to create a secure runtime environment, preventing attackers from obtaining the reconnaissance knowledge necessary to exploit memory corruption vulnerabilities. Furthermore, in modern day CPS, it is not enough to protect against cyber-attacks, but it is equally as important to guarantee safety. By developing a novel security architecture integrating MTD protections with control reconfiguration, we can proactively defend against code injection, code reuse, and non-control data attacks, while rapidly detecting and recovering from attacks, ensuring that safe and reliable operation is maintained.
Advisors/Committee Members: Zhenkai Zhang (committee member), Adam Tagert (committee member), Xenofon Koutsoukos (chair), Janos Sztipanovits (committee member), Gabor Karsai (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Data Space Randomization; Address Space Randomization; Instruction Set Randomization; Cyber-Physical Systems; Cybersecurity; Moving Target Defense; Autonomous Vehicles
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APA (6th Edition):
Potteiger, B. D. (2019). A Moving Target Defense Approach Towards Security and Resilience in Cyber-Physical Systems. (Doctoral Dissertation). Vanderbilt University. Retrieved from http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-09252019-104159/ ;
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Potteiger, Bradley David. “A Moving Target Defense Approach Towards Security and Resilience in Cyber-Physical Systems.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Vanderbilt University. Accessed January 24, 2020.
http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-09252019-104159/ ;.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Potteiger, Bradley David. “A Moving Target Defense Approach Towards Security and Resilience in Cyber-Physical Systems.” 2019. Web. 24 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Potteiger BD. A Moving Target Defense Approach Towards Security and Resilience in Cyber-Physical Systems. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2019. [cited 2020 Jan 24].
Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-09252019-104159/ ;.
Council of Science Editors:
Potteiger BD. A Moving Target Defense Approach Towards Security and Resilience in Cyber-Physical Systems. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2019. Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-09252019-104159/ ;
Vanderbilt University
9.
Lattmann, Zsolt.
An Analysis-Driven Rapid Design Process for Cyber-Physical Systems.
Degree: PhD, Electrical Engineering, 2016, Vanderbilt University
URL: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu//available/etd-04292016-141027/
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► Product design has become more complex in recent decades. Several design methods and processes have been developed to reduce the design complexity to a manageable…
(more)
▼ Product design has become more complex in recent decades. Several design methods and processes have been developed to reduce the design complexity to a manageable level. Model-based systems engineering leverages these methods (e.g., v-model, virtual integration) to manage design complexity and to reduce development time and costs for software and hardware development. Most of these design methods and processes were primarily developed for either software or hardware development. In Cyber-Physical Systems, computational elements (hardware and software) are tightly integrated with physical processes and physical components and often interact with the physical system.
There are hundreds of distinct tools used to design and analyze different aspects of a complex system design, which shows that there is no single tool that can deal with all aspects of a complex design problem. An adequate model of Cyber-Physical Systems must: (1) capture domain interactions (e.g., electrical power and mechanical systems), (2) incorporate multiple aspects and domain models for each component, (3) support a wide variety of analysis techniques, (4) able to reuse existing models from libraries, and (5) extract sufficient information from model libraries to support architecture exploration for product families.
We present the key concepts and functions of an Analysis-Driven Rapid Design Process for Cyber-Physical Systems to address all aforementioned challenges. We define and contribute to three platforms to improve efficiency and quality of the design process: a Model Integration Platform, Tool Integration Platform, and Execution Integration Platform. The Model Integration Platform (a) uses heterogeneous component models, (b) keeps the multi-domain models consistent, (c) tracks model dependencies, and (d) facilitates importing from existing model libraries. The Tool Integration Platform accommodates a variety of analysis tools with the flexibility to add new tools in the future. The Execution Integration Platform provides an analysis tool independent framework for analysis execution and organization of analysis results. Finally, we propose a design flow to achieve an analysis-driven rapid iterative design process; we demonstrate and evaluate this design flow utilizing two case studies: (a) an oscillator circuit design and (b) a ground vehicle driveline design.
Advisors/Committee Members: Janos Sztipanovits (committee member), Sandeep Neema (committee member), Xenofon Koutsoukos (committee member), Gautam Biswas (committee member), Theodore Bapty (committee member), Gabor Karsai (chair).
Subjects/Keywords: model-based engineering; cyber-physical systems; rapid design process
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APA (6th Edition):
Lattmann, Z. (2016). An Analysis-Driven Rapid Design Process for Cyber-Physical Systems. (Doctoral Dissertation). Vanderbilt University. Retrieved from http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu//available/etd-04292016-141027/ ;
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Lattmann, Zsolt. “An Analysis-Driven Rapid Design Process for Cyber-Physical Systems.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Vanderbilt University. Accessed January 24, 2020.
http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu//available/etd-04292016-141027/ ;.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Lattmann, Zsolt. “An Analysis-Driven Rapid Design Process for Cyber-Physical Systems.” 2016. Web. 24 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Lattmann Z. An Analysis-Driven Rapid Design Process for Cyber-Physical Systems. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2016. [cited 2020 Jan 24].
Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu//available/etd-04292016-141027/ ;.
Council of Science Editors:
Lattmann Z. An Analysis-Driven Rapid Design Process for Cyber-Physical Systems. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2016. Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu//available/etd-04292016-141027/ ;
Vanderbilt University
10.
Shekhar, Shashank.
Algorithms and Techniques for Dynamic Resource Management across Cloud-Edge Resource Spectrum.
Degree: PhD, Computer Science, 2018, Vanderbilt University
URL: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-06112018-163601/
;
► An increasing number of Internet of Things (IoT) and other latency-sensitive applications are cloud-hosted. However, limitations in performance assurances from the cloud, and the longer…
(more)
▼ An increasing number of Internet of Things (IoT) and other
latency-sensitive applications are cloud-hosted. However, limitations
in performance assurances from the cloud, and the longer and often
unpredictable end-to-end network latencies between the end user and
the cloud can be detrimental to the response time requirements of the
applications, specifically those that have stringent Quality of
Service (QoS) requirements. Although fog/edge resources, such as
cloudlets, may alleviate some of the latency concerns, there is a
general lack of mechanisms that can dynamically manage resources
across the cloud-edge spectrum. The problem becomes even more
challenging when performance interference on multi-tenant fog servers
along with workload variations, and user mobility are considered. To
address these concerns, this dissertation presents the design and
implementation of the Dynamic Data Driven Cloud and Edge Systems
(D3CES) framework. It defines approaches to utilize the performance
metrics collected from adaptively instrumenting the cloud and edge
resources to learn and enhance performance interference-aware models
of the distributed resource pool. In turn, the framework optimizes
resource provision in a way that satisfies service level objectives
(SLOs) while minimizing cost to the service providers. This
dissertation evaluates the approach on a variety of real world
scenarios.
Advisors/Committee Members: Gautam Biswas (committee member), Douglas C. Schmidt (committee member), Aniruddha S. Gokhale (chair), Janos Sztipanovits (committee member), Xenofon Koutsoukos (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Cloud computing; Optimization; Performance interference; Resource management; Edge computing; Fog computing
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APA (6th Edition):
Shekhar, S. (2018). Algorithms and Techniques for Dynamic Resource Management across Cloud-Edge Resource Spectrum. (Doctoral Dissertation). Vanderbilt University. Retrieved from http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-06112018-163601/ ;
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Shekhar, Shashank. “Algorithms and Techniques for Dynamic Resource Management across Cloud-Edge Resource Spectrum.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Vanderbilt University. Accessed January 24, 2020.
http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-06112018-163601/ ;.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Shekhar, Shashank. “Algorithms and Techniques for Dynamic Resource Management across Cloud-Edge Resource Spectrum.” 2018. Web. 24 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Shekhar S. Algorithms and Techniques for Dynamic Resource Management across Cloud-Edge Resource Spectrum. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2018. [cited 2020 Jan 24].
Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-06112018-163601/ ;.
Council of Science Editors:
Shekhar S. Algorithms and Techniques for Dynamic Resource Management across Cloud-Edge Resource Spectrum. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2018. Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-06112018-163601/ ;
Vanderbilt University
11.
Emfinger, William Alexander.
Network Performance Analysis and Management for Cyber-Physical Systems and Their Applications.
Degree: PhD, Electrical Engineering, 2015, Vanderbilt University
URL: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-11162015-090359/
;
► Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are becoming increasingly distributed in nature. These distributed systems interact closely with the physical world and require the use of communications channels…
(more)
▼ Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are becoming increasingly distributed in nature. These distributed systems interact closely with the physical world and require the use of communications channels between the computational nodes of the system as well as to external systems. Since such systems are generally remotely deployed and managed, applications deployed onto the systems must be analyzed and verified before deployment to ensure that the network can provide enough resources to the applications and to ensure that applications will not degrade the system's overall functionality. To facilitate the development of these systems, we created analysis techniques for accurately and precisely predicting run-time application network performance and resource utilization from design-time models of the network and the applications. To validate this work, we developed network traffic production and measurement code and used run-time network emulation to enforce the network characteristics. Using these experimental results, we compared the accuracy and precision of our predictive techniques with state of the art analysis techniques. Furthermore, we implemented our modeling semantics in a communications middleware to measure the data production of each application and compared it against the application's network resource requirements. By comparing the stated resource requirements to the application's actual resource utilization, we could detect deviations and take mitigation actions. Using this measurement and detection, we showed how denial of service (DoS) and distributed DoS (DDoS) attacks could be mitigated.
Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Mitch Wilkes (committee member), Dr. Aniruddha Gokhale (committee member), Dr. Bharat Bhuva (committee member), Dr. Xenofon Koutsoukos (committee member), Dr. Gabor Karsai (chair).
Subjects/Keywords: prediction; performance; systems; physical; network; real-time; embedded; analysis; cyber; spacecraft; denial of service; distributed denial of service; calculus
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APA (6th Edition):
Emfinger, W. A. (2015). Network Performance Analysis and Management for Cyber-Physical Systems and Their Applications. (Doctoral Dissertation). Vanderbilt University. Retrieved from http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-11162015-090359/ ;
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Emfinger, William Alexander. “Network Performance Analysis and Management for Cyber-Physical Systems and Their Applications.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Vanderbilt University. Accessed January 24, 2020.
http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-11162015-090359/ ;.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Emfinger, William Alexander. “Network Performance Analysis and Management for Cyber-Physical Systems and Their Applications.” 2015. Web. 24 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Emfinger WA. Network Performance Analysis and Management for Cyber-Physical Systems and Their Applications. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2015. [cited 2020 Jan 24].
Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-11162015-090359/ ;.
Council of Science Editors:
Emfinger WA. Network Performance Analysis and Management for Cyber-Physical Systems and Their Applications. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2015. Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-11162015-090359/ ;
Vanderbilt University
12.
Taddese, Addisu Zerihun.
Magnetic Pose Estimation and Robotic Manipulation of Magnetically Actuated Capsule Endoscopes.
Degree: PhD, Electrical Engineering, 2018, Vanderbilt University
URL: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-07192018-010216/
;
► Magnetic actuation is currently the most promising approach for actively and wirelessly manipulating capsule endoscopes (CEs) inside the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Actively actuated CEs have…
(more)
▼ Magnetic actuation is currently the most promising approach for actively and wirelessly manipulating capsule endoscopes (CEs) inside the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Actively actuated CEs have the potential to transform current medical practice and significantly improve patient outcomes. In this dissertation, two fundamental problems associated with active actuation of CEs are studied. Our approach to solving these problems were developed in the context of advancing our robotically guided soft-tethered CE system toward clinical adoption. The first problem pertains to estimating the pose of a CE while it is inside a patient. Current magnetic field based pose estimation methods face significant challenges in their path to clinical adoption. First, due to presence of regions of magnetic field singularity, the accuracy of the system can be significantly degraded while being used for actuation. Second, current pose estimation methods need accurate knowledge of the capsule's initial pose before they can successfully track the capsule. This, however, may not be possible to do in clinical settings. We propose a novel hybrid approach employing a combination of static and time-varying magnetic field sources and show that this system has no regions of singularity while eliminating the need for initialization. The proposed system was experimentally validated for accuracy, workspace size, update rate and performance in regions where magnetic singularity previously existed. The second problem has to do with closed-loop control, where computed pose estimates are used as sensory feedback to compensate for deviation of the capsule's pose from the desired or commanded pose. We present two schemes of closed-loop control expanding existing formulations of magnetic control and integrating them with our pose estimation method. The controllers were validated in autonomous path following tasks in simulation and real world experiments. Our solution to these problems are foundational to the future development of effective tele-operation systems where the motion of the CE is transparently controlled by a physician.
Advisors/Committee Members: D. Mitch Wilkes, (committee member), Keith Obstein (committee member), Pietro Valdastri (committee member), Ãkos Lédeczi (chair), Xenofon Koutsoukos (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: capsule endoscopy; magnetic actuation; magnetic pose estimation; magnetic localization; robotic endoscopy; magnetic manipulation
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APA (6th Edition):
Taddese, A. Z. (2018). Magnetic Pose Estimation and Robotic Manipulation of Magnetically Actuated Capsule Endoscopes. (Doctoral Dissertation). Vanderbilt University. Retrieved from http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-07192018-010216/ ;
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Taddese, Addisu Zerihun. “Magnetic Pose Estimation and Robotic Manipulation of Magnetically Actuated Capsule Endoscopes.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Vanderbilt University. Accessed January 24, 2020.
http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-07192018-010216/ ;.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Taddese, Addisu Zerihun. “Magnetic Pose Estimation and Robotic Manipulation of Magnetically Actuated Capsule Endoscopes.” 2018. Web. 24 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Taddese AZ. Magnetic Pose Estimation and Robotic Manipulation of Magnetically Actuated Capsule Endoscopes. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2018. [cited 2020 Jan 24].
Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-07192018-010216/ ;.
Council of Science Editors:
Taddese AZ. Magnetic Pose Estimation and Robotic Manipulation of Magnetically Actuated Capsule Endoscopes. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2018. Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-07192018-010216/ ;
13.
Barve, Aparna A.
An Efficient Equation Generation Mechanism for a Component-based Modeling Scheme.
Degree: MS, Computer Science, 2008, Vanderbilt University
URL: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-03282008-130427/
;
► Fault diagnosis mechanisms for continuous dynamic systems involve building observers that can track system behavior. Continuous dynamic systems can be modeled using bond graphs which…
(more)
▼ Fault diagnosis mechanisms for continuous dynamic systems involve
building observers that can track system behavior. Continuous
dynamic systems can be modeled using bond graphs which are a
domain independent graphical description of dynamic behavior of
physical systems. The observer plays an important part in
diagnosing faults in such systems by comparing the system output
with the estimated output and monitoring the observer residual for
possible faults. The steps involved in building an observer from a
bond graph model involve transforming the bond graph model of the
physical system to its corresponding block diagram model,
generating the state space equations and the output equations and
then implementing the observer that uses the mathematical
equations and other parameters including the output generated by
the system.
The thesis provides an efficient equation generation mechanism for
a component based modeling scheme. Assigning causalities to the
bonds captures the cause effect relationship between the bond
graph elements and considering these causalities in the equation
generation algorithm significantly optimizes the process of
deriving the state space or the process model and the measurement
model. These models have also been used to construct a Kalman
filter based observer, which is used to track the system behavior.
A mechanism for extending the modeling paradigm to include n-port
elements that play an important part in the modeling on
multi-domain physical systems has also been given. The
implementation has been verified by running the system for a
hydraulic actuator and a two tank system.
Advisors/Committee Members: Gautam Biswas (committee member), Xenofon Koutsoukos (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: causality; kalman filters; observer; bond graphs; Fault location (Engineering)  – Computer simulation; Observers (Control theory)
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APA (6th Edition):
Barve, A. A. (2008). An Efficient Equation Generation Mechanism for a Component-based Modeling Scheme. (Masters Thesis). Vanderbilt University. Retrieved from http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-03282008-130427/ ;
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Barve, Aparna A. “An Efficient Equation Generation Mechanism for a Component-based Modeling Scheme.” 2008. Masters Thesis, Vanderbilt University. Accessed January 24, 2020.
http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-03282008-130427/ ;.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Barve, Aparna A. “An Efficient Equation Generation Mechanism for a Component-based Modeling Scheme.” 2008. Web. 24 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Barve AA. An Efficient Equation Generation Mechanism for a Component-based Modeling Scheme. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Vanderbilt University; 2008. [cited 2020 Jan 24].
Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-03282008-130427/ ;.
Council of Science Editors:
Barve AA. An Efficient Equation Generation Mechanism for a Component-based Modeling Scheme. [Masters Thesis]. Vanderbilt University; 2008. Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-03282008-130427/ ;
14.
Shang, Di.
Model based control design and integration of automotive cyber-physical systems.
Degree: MS, Electrical Engineering, 2013, Vanderbilt University
URL: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-03312013-211311/
;
► Cyber-physical systems, such as automotive vehicles, are very challenging to design because of the tight interactions between physical dynamics, computational dynamics and communication networks. In…
(more)
▼ Cyber-physical systems, such as automotive vehicles, are very challenging to design because of the tight interactions between physical dynamics, computational dynamics and communication networks. In addition, the evaluation of these systems in the early design stages is very crucial and challenging. Model-based design approaches have been applied in order to manage the complexities due to interactions. In this thesis, a study to demonstrate the systematic design, analysis and evaluation of an integrated automotive control system is presented. In detail, following the model based design method, a vehicle lane keeping controller is designed and implemented on a time triggered platform which is running on real time Linux. Then the control design is verified by both of Simulink simulation and hardware-in-the-loop simulation. After that, a vehicle integrated control system is built by the integration of two independently designed controllers, lane keeping controller (LKC) and adaptive cruise controller (ACC). During the integration, the interaction and conflict between different controllers are analyzed then a supervisor control is designed to coordinate LKC and ACC under the situation when there is a conflict. Simulink simulations are performed to proof the necessity of supervisor controller. Finally, the integrated system is deployed on a hardware-in-the-loop simulator for evaluation under realistic scenarios. By the HIL simulation result, the control effects introduced by the real time platform and communication network are also observed. The efficiency of the approach is also present experimental results that demonstrate.
Advisors/Committee Members: Alan Peters (committee member), Xenofon Koutsoukos (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: control design; cyber physical systems; model based design
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APA (6th Edition):
Shang, D. (2013). Model based control design and integration of automotive cyber-physical systems. (Masters Thesis). Vanderbilt University. Retrieved from http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-03312013-211311/ ;
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Shang, Di. “Model based control design and integration of automotive cyber-physical systems.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Vanderbilt University. Accessed January 24, 2020.
http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-03312013-211311/ ;.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Shang, Di. “Model based control design and integration of automotive cyber-physical systems.” 2013. Web. 24 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Shang D. Model based control design and integration of automotive cyber-physical systems. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Vanderbilt University; 2013. [cited 2020 Jan 24].
Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-03312013-211311/ ;.
Council of Science Editors:
Shang D. Model based control design and integration of automotive cyber-physical systems. [Masters Thesis]. Vanderbilt University; 2013. Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-03312013-211311/ ;
15.
Khorasgani, Hamed Ghazavi.
Model- and data-driven approaches to fault detection and isolation in complex systems.
Degree: PhD, Electrical Engineering, 2018, Vanderbilt University
URL: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-01182018-134749/
;
► Complex engineering systems pervade every aspect of our daily lives. The need for increased performance, safety, and reliability of these systems provide the motivation for…
(more)
▼ Complex engineering systems pervade every aspect of our daily lives. The need for increased performance, safety, and reliability of these systems provide the motivation for developing system health monitoring methodologies for these systems. It is important to develop diagnosis for nonlinear systems that are robust to model uncertainties and noisy measurements. For greater applicability, it becomes essential to extend these diagnosis methods to cover hybrid behaviors, and to apply in a distributed manner to complex systems. On the other hand, the lack of sufficiently rich and complete models for these complex systems, but the availability of data collected from system operations may indicate the need to move toward data-driven diagnosis approaches. The contributions of this thesis research are primarily categorized into: 1) model-based, and 2) data-driven diagnosis.
For robust model-based diagnosis, we have developed sensitivity analysis methods to quantify the performance of residuals generated for fault diagnosis in the presence of noise and uncertainty. We combine the robustness analysis with efficient residual selection algorithms to find a residual set that meets pre-specified diagnostic criteria. A second contribution of this thesis in the model-based diagnosis domain is developing two general approaches for distributed fault detection and isolation. The first method guarantees minimum communication of measurement values among subsystems. The second algorithm is computationally more efficient and it does not use the global system model for designing the local (distributed) diagnosers. However, it does not guarantee the minimum communication of measurement values. Our next contribution is developing model based methods that combine mode detection and diagnosis of faults in hybrid systems. Our approach does not require pre-enumeration of all possible modes and, therefore, it is feasible for hybrid systems with large number of switching elements.
Finally, towards our contributions to data-driven diagnosis, we combine the use of unsupervised learning techniques with expert knowledge to develop an anomaly detection method to discover previously unknown faults in a complex system. Our clustering algorithm helps determine regions of nominal behavior, and by extension outliers and anomalous groups that are well-separated from the nominal clusters. We derive significant features associate for each outlier group, and then consult experts to identify and characterize these anomalies as faults in system behavior.
Advisors/Committee Members: Gabor Karsai (committee member), Gautam Biswas (chair), Xenofon Koutsoukos (committee member), Akram Aldroubi (committee member), Don Wilkes (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Fault diagnosis; Fault detection and isolation; Unsupervised learning; Data-driven monitoring; Complex systems; Anomaly detection
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Khorasgani, H. G. (2018). Model- and data-driven approaches to fault detection and isolation in complex systems. (Doctoral Dissertation). Vanderbilt University. Retrieved from http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-01182018-134749/ ;
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Khorasgani, Hamed Ghazavi. “Model- and data-driven approaches to fault detection and isolation in complex systems.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Vanderbilt University. Accessed January 24, 2020.
http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-01182018-134749/ ;.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Khorasgani, Hamed Ghazavi. “Model- and data-driven approaches to fault detection and isolation in complex systems.” 2018. Web. 24 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Khorasgani HG. Model- and data-driven approaches to fault detection and isolation in complex systems. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2018. [cited 2020 Jan 24].
Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-01182018-134749/ ;.
Council of Science Editors:
Khorasgani HG. Model- and data-driven approaches to fault detection and isolation in complex systems. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2018. Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-01182018-134749/ ;
16.
Hedgecock II, Ronald William.
Precise Real-Time Relative Localization Using Single-Frequency GPS.
Degree: PhD, Electrical Engineering, 2014, Vanderbilt University
URL: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-03302014-143444/
;
► For outdoor navigation, GPS provides the most widely-used means of node localization; however, the level of accuracy provided by low-cost receivers is typically insufficient for…
(more)
▼ For outdoor navigation, GPS provides the most widely-used means of node localization; however, the level of accuracy provided by low-cost receivers is typically insufficient for use in high-precision applications such as land surveying, vehicle collision avoidance, and formation flying, among others. Additionally, these applications do not require precise absolute Earth coordinates, but rather rely on relative positioning to infer information about the geometric configuration of the constituent nodes in a system. This dissertation presents a novel approach that uses GPS to derive relative location
information for a scalable network of single-frequency receivers. Nodes in a network share their raw satellite measurements and track the positions of neighboring nodes as opposed to computing their own absolute coordinates. Random and systematic errors are mitigated in novel ways, challenging long-standing beliefs that precision GPS systems require extensive stationary calibration times or complex equipment configurations. In addition to the mathematical basis for our technique, a working prototype is developed using a network of mobile devices with custom Bluetooth-enabled GPS sensors, enabling experimental evaluation of several real-world test scenarios. Our evaluation shows that sub-meter relative positioning accuracy at an update rate of 1 Hz is possible under various conditions with the presented technique. This is an order of magnitude more accurate than simply taking the difference of standalone receiver coordinates or other simplistic approaches.
Advisors/Committee Members: Yuan Xue (committee member), Miklos Maroti (committee member), Akos Ledeczi (chair), Aniruddha Gokhale (committee member), Xenofon Koutsoukos (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: relative localization; localization; node tracking; wsn
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APA (6th Edition):
Hedgecock II, R. W. (2014). Precise Real-Time Relative Localization Using Single-Frequency GPS. (Doctoral Dissertation). Vanderbilt University. Retrieved from http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-03302014-143444/ ;
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hedgecock II, Ronald William. “Precise Real-Time Relative Localization Using Single-Frequency GPS.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Vanderbilt University. Accessed January 24, 2020.
http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-03302014-143444/ ;.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hedgecock II, Ronald William. “Precise Real-Time Relative Localization Using Single-Frequency GPS.” 2014. Web. 24 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Hedgecock II RW. Precise Real-Time Relative Localization Using Single-Frequency GPS. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2014. [cited 2020 Jan 24].
Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-03302014-143444/ ;.
Council of Science Editors:
Hedgecock II RW. Precise Real-Time Relative Localization Using Single-Frequency GPS. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2014. Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-03302014-143444/ ;
17.
Szilvasi, Sandor.
Advanced RF Techniques For Wireless Sensor Networks: The Software-Defined Radio Approach.
Degree: PhD, Electrical Engineering, 2014, Vanderbilt University
URL: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-04052014-123008/
;
► Traditional wireless sensor node designs follow a common architectural paradigm that connects a low-power integrated radio transceiver chip to a microcontroller. This approach facilitated…
(more)
▼ Traditional wireless sensor node designs follow a common architectural paradigm that connects a low-power integrated radio transceiver chip to a microcontroller. This approach facilitated research on communication protocols that focused on the media access control layer and above, but the closed architecture of radio chips and the limited performance of microcontrollers prevented experimentation with novel communication protocols that require substantial physical layer signal processing. Software-defined radios address these limitations through direct access to the baseband radio signals and an abundance of reconfigurable computing resources, but the power consumption of existing such platforms renders them inapplicable for low-power wireless sensor networking.
This dissertation addresses this disparity by presenting a low-power wireless sensor platform with software-defined radio capabilities. The modular platform is built on a system-on-a-programmable chip to provide sufficient reconfigurable computational resources for realizing complete physical layers, and uses flash technology to reduce power consumption and support duty cycling. The direct access the platform provides to the baseband radio signals enables novel protocols and applications, which is evaluated in two ways.
First, this is demonstrated by designing the physical layer of a spread-spectrum communication protocol. The protocol is optimized for data-gathering network traffic and leverages spectrum spreading both to enable an asynchronous multiple-access scheme and to increase the maximum hop-distance between the sensor nodes and the basestation. The performance of the communication protocol is evaluated through real-world experiments using the proposed wireless platform.
Second, a multi-carrier phase measurement method is developed for radio frequency node localization. Compared to existing interferometric approaches, this method offers more than four orders of magnitude measurement speedup and requires no deliberately introduced carrier frequency offset. The operation of the multi-carrier approach is validated using the new platform in various experiments. The analysis of the collected phase measurement data led to a novel approach for phase measurement-based distance estimation. This model is utilized to derive two maximum-likelihood distance estimators and their corresponding theoretical bounds in order to analyze and interpret the experimental results.
Advisors/Committee Members: Yuan Xue (committee member), Mitch Wilkes (committee member), Xenofon Koutsoukos (committee member), Akos Ledeczi (chair), Miklos Maroti (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: wireless communication; software-defined radio; wireless sensor network; radio frequency localization
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APA (6th Edition):
Szilvasi, S. (2014). Advanced RF Techniques For Wireless Sensor Networks: The Software-Defined Radio Approach. (Doctoral Dissertation). Vanderbilt University. Retrieved from http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-04052014-123008/ ;
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Szilvasi, Sandor. “Advanced RF Techniques For Wireless Sensor Networks: The Software-Defined Radio Approach.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Vanderbilt University. Accessed January 24, 2020.
http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-04052014-123008/ ;.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Szilvasi, Sandor. “Advanced RF Techniques For Wireless Sensor Networks: The Software-Defined Radio Approach.” 2014. Web. 24 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Szilvasi S. Advanced RF Techniques For Wireless Sensor Networks: The Software-Defined Radio Approach. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2014. [cited 2020 Jan 24].
Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-04052014-123008/ ;.
Council of Science Editors:
Szilvasi S. Advanced RF Techniques For Wireless Sensor Networks: The Software-Defined Radio Approach. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2014. Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-04052014-123008/ ;
18.
Eyisi, Emeka P.
Model-based compositional design of networked control systems.
Degree: PhD, Electrical Engineering, 2013, Vanderbilt University
URL: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-11262013-195314/
;
► The rapid advancement in digital technology over the past few decades has fueled the progress in computation and communication technologies. Enabled by this progress, complex…
(more)
▼ The rapid advancement in digital technology over the past few decades has fueled the progress in computation and communication technologies. Enabled by this progress, complex engineered systems commonly referred to as Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), resulting from the integration of computing, communications and control, and in direct interaction with the physical world, are becoming ubiquitous in our daily lives. Examples of these systems include process control, automotive systems, networked robotics, medical systems, electrical power grids and environmental monitoring systems among others. These real world CPS are increasingly being monitored and controlled by networked control systems (NCS) and are often employed in critical settings, therefore the assurance of properties such as stability, performance, safety and security are essential. As a result, the analysis and design of NCS architectures have recently gained increasing attention. This dissertation addresses several fundamental challenges in the modeling, design, analysis and evaluation of dependable networked control systems.
First, a domain specific modeling language (DSML), Passive Networked Control Systems (PaNeCS), is presented. PaNeCS raises the level of abstraction of NCS design and allows automated analysis, code generation, system configuration, deployment, and testing. PaNeCS is based on passivity and ensures the âcorrect-by-constructionâ design of NCS by enforcing passivity constraints on the components of the NCS as well as their interconnections. Simulation and experimental models generated from the tool are presented to demonstrate the robustness of NCS designs using the tool. Second, an integrated passivity-based adaptive sampling control (PBASC) architecture is presented. PBASC architecture addresses the challenges due to the limited network resources as well as the presence of network uncertainties. The underlying idea of PBASC architecture is to simultaneously allow the variability of sampling intervals as well as ensure stability. Hence, in the proposed framework, while passivity ensures the robustness of the NCS in the presence of uncertainties, adaptive sampling ensures the efficient utilization of network resources. Third, an integrated modeling and simulation tool, Networked Control Systems WindTunnel (NCSWT), based on High Level Architecture (HLA), is introduced. NCSWT integrates Matlab/Simulink and ns-2 for the accurate and efficient evaluation of NCS. Finally, an energy-based attack detection (E-BAD) approach for network control systems is presented. E-BAD is a contribution towards ensuring security of NCS. The underlying approach is based on using the fundamental notion of a systemâs energy balance in the detection of malicious attacks in NCS. The impact of various attack models on NCS are characterized providing conditions for passive as well as non-passive attacks. Simulation and experimental results are presented in order to evaluate the proposed detection mechanism.
Advisors/Committee Members: Xenofon Koutsoukos (chair), Shige Wang (committee member), Gabor Karsai (committee member), Yuan Xue (committee member), Janos Sztipanovits (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Passivity-based compositional design; Model-based design; Networked control systems; Adaptive sampling.; Energy-based detection; HLA-based NCS simulation
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APA (6th Edition):
Eyisi, E. P. (2013). Model-based compositional design of networked control systems. (Doctoral Dissertation). Vanderbilt University. Retrieved from http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-11262013-195314/ ;
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Eyisi, Emeka P. “Model-based compositional design of networked control systems.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Vanderbilt University. Accessed January 24, 2020.
http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-11262013-195314/ ;.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Eyisi, Emeka P. “Model-based compositional design of networked control systems.” 2013. Web. 24 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Eyisi EP. Model-based compositional design of networked control systems. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2013. [cited 2020 Jan 24].
Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-11262013-195314/ ;.
Council of Science Editors:
Eyisi EP. Model-based compositional design of networked control systems. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2013. Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-11262013-195314/ ;
19.
Porter, Joseph E.
Compositional and Incremental Modeling and Analysis for High-Confidence Distributed Embedded Control Systems.
Degree: PhD, Electrical Engineering, 2011, Vanderbilt University
URL: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-04042011-124820/
;
► High confidence embedded control system software often requires formal analyses to ensure design correctness. Detailed models cover numerous design concerns such as controller stability, timing…
(more)
▼ High confidence embedded control system software often requires formal analyses to ensure design correctness. Detailed models cover numerous design concerns such as controller stability, timing requirements, fault tolerance, and deadlock freedom. Models for each of these design domains must together provide a consistent and faithful representation of the potential problems an operational system would face. Coupling between separately designed components and modules prevents model analyses from scaling well to large designs. Coupling also occurs
within individual systems and components between behaviors represented by different design concerns as different aspects of the design
constrain design structures and parameters in conflicting ways. These complications combine with other factors to increase the difficulty of system integration, leading to high costs and
long development schedules.
Correctness properties in model-based designs take one of the following forms (from Edwards et al): 1) Properties inherent to the model of computation, which hold for all valid specifications, 2) Syntactic properties which can
be determined by analysis of the structure of specification elements, and 3) Semantic properties which require examination of the actual
behavior of the specification.
To tackle problems associated with highly coupled designs, their required correctness constraints, and the cost impact on design projects, we have created the Embedded Systems Modeling Language (ESMoL). Well-formed models in ESMoL inherently express functional determinism (from dataflow semantics), deadlock-freedom (from synchrony), and timing determinism (from a time-triggered platform). To address more complex syntactic and semantic properties we propose incremental analysis, which allows us to extend previously calculated design analysis results to new features in an efficient way. We give an example of incremental syntactic analysis in the form of cycle checking to ensure well-formedness of ESMoL models. We give an example of incremental semantic analysis in scheduling dataflow graphs subject to end-to-end latency constraints. Effective incremental analysis techniques can allow developers to more rapidly iterate and converge on a correct design.
Advisors/Committee Members: Aniruddha Gokhale (committee member), Xenofon Koutsoukos (committee member), Gabor Karsai (committee member), Janos Sztipanovits (chair), Mark Ellingham (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: digital control; incremental analysis; model-based design; scheduling; embedded systems; real-time systems
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APA (6th Edition):
Porter, J. E. (2011). Compositional and Incremental Modeling and Analysis for High-Confidence Distributed Embedded Control Systems. (Doctoral Dissertation). Vanderbilt University. Retrieved from http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-04042011-124820/ ;
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Porter, Joseph E. “Compositional and Incremental Modeling and Analysis for High-Confidence Distributed Embedded Control Systems.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Vanderbilt University. Accessed January 24, 2020.
http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-04042011-124820/ ;.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Porter, Joseph E. “Compositional and Incremental Modeling and Analysis for High-Confidence Distributed Embedded Control Systems.” 2011. Web. 24 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Porter JE. Compositional and Incremental Modeling and Analysis for High-Confidence Distributed Embedded Control Systems. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2011. [cited 2020 Jan 24].
Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-04042011-124820/ ;.
Council of Science Editors:
Porter JE. Compositional and Incremental Modeling and Analysis for High-Confidence Distributed Embedded Control Systems. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2011. Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-04042011-124820/ ;
20.
Riley, Derek David.
Modeling, simulation, and verification of biochemical processes using Stochastic Hybrid Systems.
Degree: PhD, Computer Science, 2009, Vanderbilt University
URL: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu//available/etd-03262009-140102/
;
► Formal modeling and analysis methods hold great promise to help further discovery and innovation for biochemical systems. Domain experts from physicians to chemical engineers can…
(more)
▼ Formal modeling and analysis methods hold great promise to help further discovery and innovation for biochemical systems. Domain experts from physicians to chemical engineers can use computational modeling and analysis tools to clarify and demystify complex systems. However, development of accurate and efficient modeling methodologies and analysis techniques pose challenges for biochemical systems. Simulation of biochemical systems is difficult because of the complex dynamics, exhaustive verification methods are computationally expensive for large systems, and Monte Carlo methods are inaccurate and inefficient when rare events are present.
This dissertation uses Stochastic Hybrid Systems (SHS) for modeling and analysis because they can formally capture the complex dynamics of a large class of biochemical systems. An advanced fixed step simulation technique is developed for SHS that employs improved boundary crossing detection methods using probabilistic sampling. Further, an adaptive time stepping simulation method for SHS is implemented to improve accuracy and efficiency. An exhaustive verification method for SHS based on dynamic programming is developed as a tool for analyzing reachability properties for the entire state space. A parallelization of the verification method is developed to improve efficiency. Reachability analysis can also be performed using Monte Carlo methods, so Monte Carlo methods for SHS are implemented. A variance reduction method called MultiLevel Splitting (MLS) is developed for SHS that improves accuracy and efficiency in the presence of rare events. Parameter selection methods are created to help determine appropriate MLS configuration parameters.
Realistic case studies are used to demonstrate the modeling capabilities of SHS and the proposed analysis methods. The case studies include models of sugar cataract development in the lens of a human eye, a commercial biodiesel production system, glycolysis, which is a cellular energy conversion mechanism found in every living cell, and the water and electrolyte balance system in humans. These case studies are used to present experimental results for the analysis methods developed in this work.
Advisors/Committee Members: Xenofon Koutsoukos (chair), Janos Sztipanovits (committee member), Gabor Karsai (committee member), Gautam Biswas (committee member), Larry Dowdy (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Biochemistry  – Data processing; Hybrid computer simulation; Stochastic models; verification; biochemical modeling; simulation; Computational biology; Monte Carlo method
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APA (6th Edition):
Riley, D. D. (2009). Modeling, simulation, and verification of biochemical processes using Stochastic Hybrid Systems. (Doctoral Dissertation). Vanderbilt University. Retrieved from http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu//available/etd-03262009-140102/ ;
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Riley, Derek David. “Modeling, simulation, and verification of biochemical processes using Stochastic Hybrid Systems.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, Vanderbilt University. Accessed January 24, 2020.
http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu//available/etd-03262009-140102/ ;.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Riley, Derek David. “Modeling, simulation, and verification of biochemical processes using Stochastic Hybrid Systems.” 2009. Web. 24 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Riley DD. Modeling, simulation, and verification of biochemical processes using Stochastic Hybrid Systems. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2009. [cited 2020 Jan 24].
Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu//available/etd-03262009-140102/ ;.
Council of Science Editors:
Riley DD. Modeling, simulation, and verification of biochemical processes using Stochastic Hybrid Systems. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2009. Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu//available/etd-03262009-140102/ ;
21.
Kushwaha, Manish.
Feature-level information fusion methods for urban surveillance using heterogeneous sensor networks.
Degree: PhD, Computer Science, 2010, Vanderbilt University
URL: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-01292010-143108/
;
► Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), with low-power wireless devices integrated with sensors and actuators, are emerging as a new computing paradigm that promise to seamlessly integrate…
(more)
▼ Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), with low-power wireless devices integrated with sensors and actuators, are emerging as a new computing paradigm that promise to seamlessly integrate cyberand physical-worlds. WSNs have great potential for many existing and novel application areas such as environmental monitoring, industrial and manufacturing automation, health-care, and military.
Heterogeneous Sensor Networks (HSNs), with heterogeneity in terms of their computation resources, wireless link properties, power capacities or sensing modalities, are the natural step in the evolution of WSNs driven by several factors, such as multiple application support, incorporation of legacy hardware, hierarchical deployment/architecture, and monitoring of multimodal phenomena. HSNs have been increasingly used in surveillance applications such as monitoring and tracking. Such applications require an information fusion framework that incorporates the data from multiple sensors. Classical target tracking approaches, such as probabilistic data association filtering and multiple hypothesis tracking, perform decision-level information fusion, wherein local decisions are made on the sensors which are then fused at a centralized location for global decision and tracking. Such approaches suffer from poor discrimination and exponential complexity, especially for multiple targets. Target tracking approaches based on signal-level information fusion, wherein the entire raw data from sensors are utilized for tracking, are not feasible in WSNs due to limited communication bandwidth.
The goal of this dissertation is to develop feature-level information fusion methods for target tracking in HSNs. Feature-level information fusion, wherein several features that are extracted from the raw data, should be used for tracking due to their lower communication bandwidth requirement, while maintaining good target discrimination capability. We design and implement a multimodal multisensor information fusion system for target tracking in an urban environment using an HSN of audio and video sensors. We demonstrate the system operating online in real-time. Further, we extend the audio sensing component of the multimodal system by including multiple acoustic features. We develop and implement a feature-based approach to collaborative source localization of multiple acoustic sources in WSNs. We also extend the video sensing component of the system to include multiple video features. We develop and implement an approach for collaborative target tracking in 3D space using a wireless network of smart cameras.
Advisors/Committee Members: Mitch Wilkes (committee member), Yuan Xue (committee member), Akos Ledeczi (committee member), Gautam Biswas (committee member), Xenofon Koutsoukos (chair).
Subjects/Keywords: information fusion; sensor networks; heterogeneous networks; target tracking; video tracking
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APA (6th Edition):
Kushwaha, M. (2010). Feature-level information fusion methods for urban surveillance using heterogeneous sensor networks. (Doctoral Dissertation). Vanderbilt University. Retrieved from http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-01292010-143108/ ;
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kushwaha, Manish. “Feature-level information fusion methods for urban surveillance using heterogeneous sensor networks.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, Vanderbilt University. Accessed January 24, 2020.
http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-01292010-143108/ ;.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kushwaha, Manish. “Feature-level information fusion methods for urban surveillance using heterogeneous sensor networks.” 2010. Web. 24 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Kushwaha M. Feature-level information fusion methods for urban surveillance using heterogeneous sensor networks. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2010. [cited 2020 Jan 24].
Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-01292010-143108/ ;.
Council of Science Editors:
Kushwaha M. Feature-level information fusion methods for urban surveillance using heterogeneous sensor networks. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2010. Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-01292010-143108/ ;
22.
Sallai, Janos.
Compiler-assisted concurrency abstraction for resource-constrained embedded devices.
Degree: PhD, Computer Science, 2008, Vanderbilt University
URL: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-03282008-133712/
;
► The prevailing paradigm in the regime of resource-constrained embedded devices is event-driven programming. An event-driven application consists of a small runtime and a set…
(more)
▼ The prevailing paradigm in the regime of resource-constrained embedded devices is event-driven programming. An event-driven application consists of a small runtime and a set of event handlers that execute in response to external stimuli. It is often required, though, that the reactive behavior depend not only on the type of the stimulus, but also on program state. Since neither the runtime nor the development tools provide explicit support for defining control flow that involves multiple event handler invocations, event-driven programs are often implemented as explicit state machines. However, this manual management of control flow is a tedious task, which commonly results in ad-hoc and unstructured code that is error-prone and hard to debug.
In this work, I introduce TinyVT, a novel programming abstraction that fuses the intuitive linear control flow of thread-based concurrent programs with the memory efficiency and race condition free semantics of event-driven systems. With explicit language support for threads and blocking wait, TinyVT, an extension of the C language, creates a virtual threading abstraction on top of a lightweight event-driven runtime. Unlike traditional threading approaches where multithreading is provided by the operating system kernel or a user-space library, TinyVT's thread abstraction is provided by the language itself. Through source-to-source translation, TinyVT programs, defining conceptually concurrent threads, are automatically mapped to a single-threaded C code, which is efficient in terms of both computational overhead and memory usage.
A common drawback of event-driven systems is that the lifetime of a local variable is limited to the execution context of the event handler in which the variable is declared. Consequently, variables that are accessed from multiple event handlers must be global or static, occupying static memory. To overcome this issue, I introduce a compiler-managed memory allocation technique that seamlessly provides C-style scoping and automatic allocation of variables local to a thread, eliminating the need for declaring global variables for information sharing between related actions.
Explicit and formal specification of semantics is crucial to any programming language. I provide the operational semantics of TinyVT's language constructs using the Abstract State Machines (ASM) formalism, by building on an existing formal semantics specification of C. Also, to explore the behavior of software modules comprised of multiple threads, I investigate the compositional semantics of TinyVT threads by mapping them to a finite automaton based representation, the semantics of which is given in the Abstract State Machine Language (AsmL).
Advisors/Committee Members: Miklos Maroti (committee member), Sandeep Neema (committee member), Janos Sztipanovits (chair), Akos Ledeczi (chair), Xenofon Koutsoukos (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: multithreading; compilers; embedded systems; sensor networks; event-driven systems; Programming languages (Electronic computers); Embedded computer systems  – Programming; Sensor networks  – Data processing
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APA (6th Edition):
Sallai, J. (2008). Compiler-assisted concurrency abstraction for resource-constrained embedded devices. (Doctoral Dissertation). Vanderbilt University. Retrieved from http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-03282008-133712/ ;
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Sallai, Janos. “Compiler-assisted concurrency abstraction for resource-constrained embedded devices.” 2008. Doctoral Dissertation, Vanderbilt University. Accessed January 24, 2020.
http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-03282008-133712/ ;.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Sallai, Janos. “Compiler-assisted concurrency abstraction for resource-constrained embedded devices.” 2008. Web. 24 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Sallai J. Compiler-assisted concurrency abstraction for resource-constrained embedded devices. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2008. [cited 2020 Jan 24].
Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-03282008-133712/ ;.
Council of Science Editors:
Sallai J. Compiler-assisted concurrency abstraction for resource-constrained embedded devices. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2008. Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-03282008-133712/ ;
23.
Daigle, Matthew John.
A Qualitative Event-based Approach to Fault Diagnosis of Hybrid Systems.
Degree: PhD, Computer Science, 2008, Vanderbilt University
URL: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-03312008-114643/
;
► Fault diagnosis is crucial for ensuring the safe operation of complex engineering systems. Many present-day systems combine physical and computational processes, and are best…
(more)
▼
Fault diagnosis is crucial for ensuring the safe operation of complex engineering systems. Many present-day systems combine physical and computational processes, and are best modeled as hybrid systems, where the dynamic behavior combines continuous evolution interspersed with discrete configuration changes. Due to the complexity of such modern engineering systems, formal methods are required for reliable and correct design, analysis, and implementation of hybrid system diagnosers.
This dissertation presents a systematic, model-based approach to event-based diagnosis of hybrid systems based on qualitative abstractions of deviations from nominal behavior. The primary contributions of this work center on (i) incorporating relative measurement orderings into fault isolation for continuous and hybrid systems, which describe predicted temporal orderings of measurement deviations, (ii) providing algorithms for event-based diagnosis of single and multiple faults, (iii) developing an integrated framework for diagnosis of parametric, sensor, and discrete, i.e., switching faults in hybrid systems, and (iv) developing and implementing an efficient event-based diagnosis framework for continuous and hybrid systems that enables automatic design of event-based diagnosers and establishes notions of diagnosability for continuous and hybrid systems.
The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated on two practical systems. First, the single fault diagnosis method for continuous systems is applied in a distributed fashion to formations of mobile robots. The results include a formal diagnosability analysis, scalability results, and experiments performed on a formation of robots. Second, the approach developed for hybrid systems diagnosis is applied to the Advanced Diagnostics and Prognostics Testbed, which is a complex electrical distribution system for spacecraft and aircraft applications. The results focus on a subset of the testbed, and include a diagnosability analysis, experiments from the actual testbed, and detailed simulation experiments that examine the performance of the diagnosis algorithms for different fault magnitudes and noise levels.
Advisors/Committee Members: Xenofon Koutsoukos (chair), Gautam Biswas (committee member), Gabor Karsai (committee member), Sankaran Mahadevan (committee member), Nilanjan Sarkar (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: discrete-event systems; hybrid systems; model-based diagnosis; diagnosability; Fault location (Engineering)  – Computer simulation
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APA (6th Edition):
Daigle, M. J. (2008). A Qualitative Event-based Approach to Fault Diagnosis of Hybrid Systems. (Doctoral Dissertation). Vanderbilt University. Retrieved from http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-03312008-114643/ ;
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Daigle, Matthew John. “A Qualitative Event-based Approach to Fault Diagnosis of Hybrid Systems.” 2008. Doctoral Dissertation, Vanderbilt University. Accessed January 24, 2020.
http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-03312008-114643/ ;.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Daigle, Matthew John. “A Qualitative Event-based Approach to Fault Diagnosis of Hybrid Systems.” 2008. Web. 24 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Daigle MJ. A Qualitative Event-based Approach to Fault Diagnosis of Hybrid Systems. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2008. [cited 2020 Jan 24].
Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-03312008-114643/ ;.
Council of Science Editors:
Daigle MJ. A Qualitative Event-based Approach to Fault Diagnosis of Hybrid Systems. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2008. Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-03312008-114643/ ;
24.
LeBlanc, Heath Joseph.
Resilient Cooperative Control of Networked Multi-Agent Systems.
Degree: PhD, Electrical Engineering, 2012, Vanderbilt University
URL: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-08122012-155057/
;
► Networked multi-agent systems consist of a set of agents that exchange information through a medium referred to as the network. The agents in the networked…
(more)
▼ Networked multi-agent systems consist of a set of agents that exchange information through a medium referred to as the network. The agents in the networked system are tasked with achieving certain group objectives. These group objectives are typically decomposed into constituent objectives that require coordination among the individual agents through distributed algorithms. Two fundamental constituent objectives are consensus and synchronization. Due to the large-scale, distributed, and dynamic nature of many networked multi-agent systems, the most effective and applicable distributed consensus and synchronization algorithms are those that use purely local strategies. When using algorithms based on purely local strategies, the agents make decisions and act based only on their sensor measurements, calculations, dynamics, and direct interactions with neighbors in the network. No global information is shared or assumed to be known. Instead, information is disseminated within the network in an iterative or diffusive manner. While the last decade has seen a surge of research in the cooperative control of networked multi-agent systems, the issue of security has just recently begun to be explored. Much of the existing research focuses on detection and identification of compromised nodes and network attacks, which requires nonlocal information. Such global information may not be available, rendering these techniques inapplicable. This dissertation introduces consensus and synchronization algorithms using purely local strategies that are resilient to the adversarial influence of compromised nodes in the network. Various threat models are defined to model the behavior of compromised agents, along with scope of threat assumptions that define the scope of interactions allowed between compromised and uncompromised nodes. The efficacy of the consensus and synchronization algorithms is analyzed under the assumptions defined by the adversary models. For this analysis, a recently introduced graph theoretic metric, network robustness, is refined and shown to be the key property for characterizing the network topological conditions required for the consensus and synchronization algorithms to succeed. Several important properties of robust networks are provided and several algorithms for determining the robustness of a network are given.
Advisors/Committee Members: Mark Ellingham (committee member), Xenofon Koutsoukos (chair), Gabor Karsai (committee member), Janos Sztipanovits (committee member), Yuan Xue (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: consensus; robust networks; synchronization; multi-agent networks; resilient control
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APA (6th Edition):
LeBlanc, H. J. (2012). Resilient Cooperative Control of Networked Multi-Agent Systems. (Doctoral Dissertation). Vanderbilt University. Retrieved from http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-08122012-155057/ ;
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
LeBlanc, Heath Joseph. “Resilient Cooperative Control of Networked Multi-Agent Systems.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Vanderbilt University. Accessed January 24, 2020.
http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-08122012-155057/ ;.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
LeBlanc, Heath Joseph. “Resilient Cooperative Control of Networked Multi-Agent Systems.” 2012. Web. 24 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
LeBlanc HJ. Resilient Cooperative Control of Networked Multi-Agent Systems. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2012. [cited 2020 Jan 24].
Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-08122012-155057/ ;.
Council of Science Editors:
LeBlanc HJ. Resilient Cooperative Control of Networked Multi-Agent Systems. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2012. Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-08122012-155057/ ;
25.
Tantawy, Ashraf Mohammed.
Model-based detection in cyber-physical systems.
Degree: PhD, Electrical Engineering, 2011, Vanderbilt University
URL: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-10242011-123647/
;
► Cyber-Physical Systems are tight integrations of computational and physical processes. Detection of abnormal behavior in cyber-physical systems is crucial for their safe and reliable operation.…
(more)
▼ Cyber-Physical Systems are tight integrations of computational and physical processes. Detection of abnormal behavior in cyber-physical systems is crucial for their safe and reliable operation. Model-based detection can improve the system detection performance by incorporating the system behavioral knowledge, captured by the system model, into the design process of detection systems. The components to be modeled, as well as the model complexity, are determined by the specific application and the objective of the study. Classical model-based detection systems have focused on (i) the use of simplified models for the physical system, (ii) the classical abrupt persistent faults, and (iii) the physical system while ignoring other cyber-physical system components. This dissertation addresses the following challenges in model-based detection(i) development of detailed models for physical systems, where simplified models are classically used, (ii) detection of intermittent and incipient faults in physical systems, in addition to persistent faults, and (iii) integration of the wireless communication network in the design of detection systems. These challenges are addressed as follows. First, a novel hybrid dynamical model for aircraft generators is developed to demonstrate the power of physics-based modeling. Second, a general algorithm that is based on change detection theory is developed to detect persistent, intermittent, and incipient faults. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated by real life case studies. Finally, a unified design process is developed to integrate the wireless communication network and multiple quality measures into the design process of detection systems. The design process is applied on wireless sensor networks with different communication protocols and topologies, and the performance improvement is demonstrated.
Advisors/Committee Members: Xenofon Koutsoukos (chair), Gautam Biswas (committee member), Gabor Karsai (committee member), Mitchell Wilkes (committee member), Akos Ledeczi (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Wireless Sensor Networks; Cyber-physical systems; Decentralized detection; Optimization
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APA (6th Edition):
Tantawy, A. M. (2011). Model-based detection in cyber-physical systems. (Doctoral Dissertation). Vanderbilt University. Retrieved from http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-10242011-123647/ ;
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Tantawy, Ashraf Mohammed. “Model-based detection in cyber-physical systems.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Vanderbilt University. Accessed January 24, 2020.
http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-10242011-123647/ ;.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Tantawy, Ashraf Mohammed. “Model-based detection in cyber-physical systems.” 2011. Web. 24 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Tantawy AM. Model-based detection in cyber-physical systems. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2011. [cited 2020 Jan 24].
Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-10242011-123647/ ;.
Council of Science Editors:
Tantawy AM. Model-based detection in cyber-physical systems. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2011. Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-10242011-123647/ ;
26.
Chen, Xuemei.
Stability of compressed sensing for dictionaries and almost sure convergence rate for the Kaczmarz algorithm.
Degree: PhD, Mathematics, 2012, Vanderbilt University
URL: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-06012012-105002/
;
► This dissertation consists of two topics: compressed sensing and the Kaczmarz algorithm. Compressed sensing addresses the problem of recovering an unknown signal z0in ℝd from…
(more)
▼ This dissertation consists of two topics: compressed sensing and the Kaczmarz algorithm.
Compressed sensing addresses the problem of recovering an unknown signal z
0in ℝ
d from a small number of linear measurements based on an underlying structure of sparsity or compressibility. This dissertation will focus on the ell
q minimization approach. We show that the null space property is a necessary and sufficient condition on the measurement matrix for stable recovery. Moreover, we consider the compressed sensing problem when signals are sparse in a dictionary. Some basic conditions are given for this problem to be meaningful. It is known that under an appropriate restricted isometry property for a dictionary, reconstruction methods based on ell
q minimization can provide an effective signal recovery tool even when the dictionary is coherent. We propose that a modified null space property for the dictionary is also sufficient to stably recover the signal. Perturbations on the measurement matrices and the dictionary are also considered.
The second part of this dissertation is concerned with the almost sure convergence rate of the Kaczmarz algorithm. The Kaczmarz algorithm is an iterative method for reconstructing a signal ξnℝ
d from an overcomplete collection of linear measurements y
n = langle x, varphi
n
angle, n geq 1. This algorithm is widely used in image processing and computer tomography.
We prove quantitative bounds on the rate of almost sure exponential convergence in the Kaczmarz algorithm for suitable classes of random measurement vectors {varphi
n}
n=1infty subset ℝ
d.
Refined convergence results are given for the special case when each varphi
n has i.i.d. Gaussian entries
and, more generally, when each varphi
n/|varphi
n| is uniformly distributed on mathbb{S}
d-1.
Advisors/Committee Members: Douglas Hardin (committee member), Edward Saff (committee member), Alexander Powell (chair), Akram Aldroubi (chair), Xenofon Koutsoukos (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: stability; compressed sensing; Kaczmarz Algorithm; randomization; null space property; dictionary
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APA (6th Edition):
Chen, X. (2012). Stability of compressed sensing for dictionaries and almost sure convergence rate for the Kaczmarz algorithm. (Doctoral Dissertation). Vanderbilt University. Retrieved from http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-06012012-105002/ ;
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Chen, Xuemei. “Stability of compressed sensing for dictionaries and almost sure convergence rate for the Kaczmarz algorithm.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Vanderbilt University. Accessed January 24, 2020.
http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-06012012-105002/ ;.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Chen, Xuemei. “Stability of compressed sensing for dictionaries and almost sure convergence rate for the Kaczmarz algorithm.” 2012. Web. 24 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Chen X. Stability of compressed sensing for dictionaries and almost sure convergence rate for the Kaczmarz algorithm. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2012. [cited 2020 Jan 24].
Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-06012012-105002/ ;.
Council of Science Editors:
Chen X. Stability of compressed sensing for dictionaries and almost sure convergence rate for the Kaczmarz algorithm. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2012. Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-06012012-105002/ ;
27.
Dai, Siyuan.
Compositional Modeling and Design of Cyber-Physical Systems Using Port-Hamiltonian Systems.
Degree: PhD, Electrical Engineering, 2016, Vanderbilt University
URL: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-08042016-123306/
;
► Cyber-physical systems are complex engineering systems that integrate computational, communication, and control components with physical components in many applications such as automotive systems, aeronautical systems,…
(more)
▼ Cyber-physical systems are complex engineering systems that integrate computational, communication, and control components with physical components in many applications such as automotive systems, aeronautical systems, industrial process control systems, electrical power grids, and environmental monitoring systems. As the cyber components increase in both number and complexity, technical challenges arise for their integration with the physical domain. As the field of cyber-physical systems continues to grow and evolve, problems emerge from the interaction of heterogeneous domains, hybrid dynamics, and nonlinearities which significantly hamper the system integration. Consequently, rigorous engineering methods are needed for the integration of cyber and physical components in order to achieve predictable, correct behavior.
This dissertation presents a model-based design framework based on port-Hamiltonian systems and passivity in order to address the challenges mentioned above. The contributions are threefold: (1) A domain-specific modeling language, (2) a compositional model-based control design method, and (2) a formal safety analysis method for multi-modal port Hamiltonian systems. The Port-Hamiltonian Systems Modeling Language uses the structure of port-Hamiltonian systems to model cyber-physical systems with nonlinearities, hybrid dynamics, and heterogeneous domains in a component-based way. The compositional model-based control design method uses passivity-based methods to ensure stability properties of the overall system in the presence of implementation uncertainties. The safety analysis method utilizes the Hamiltonian function as a barrier function to prevent system trajectories from ending in unsafe regions of the state space.
The theoretical contributions are evaluated and validated with an in-depth case study of automotive control software for an autonomous vehicle using a hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform.
Advisors/Committee Members: Xenofon Koutsoukos (chair), Janos Sztipanovits (committee member), Gabor Karsai (committee member), Gautam Biswas (committee member), Shige Wang (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: modeling; safety; control design; cyber-physical systems; port-Hamiltonian systems
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APA (6th Edition):
Dai, S. (2016). Compositional Modeling and Design of Cyber-Physical Systems Using Port-Hamiltonian Systems. (Doctoral Dissertation). Vanderbilt University. Retrieved from http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-08042016-123306/ ;
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Dai, Siyuan. “Compositional Modeling and Design of Cyber-Physical Systems Using Port-Hamiltonian Systems.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Vanderbilt University. Accessed January 24, 2020.
http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-08042016-123306/ ;.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Dai, Siyuan. “Compositional Modeling and Design of Cyber-Physical Systems Using Port-Hamiltonian Systems.” 2016. Web. 24 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Dai S. Compositional Modeling and Design of Cyber-Physical Systems Using Port-Hamiltonian Systems. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2016. [cited 2020 Jan 24].
Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-08042016-123306/ ;.
Council of Science Editors:
Dai S. Compositional Modeling and Design of Cyber-Physical Systems Using Port-Hamiltonian Systems. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2016. Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-08042016-123306/ ;
28.
Kumar, Pranav Srinivas.
Integrated Timing Analysis and Verification of Component-based Distributed Real-time Systems.
Degree: PhD, Computer Science, 2016, Vanderbilt University
URL: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-09232016-084524/
;
► Distributed real-time embedded systems that address safety and mission-critical system requirements are applied in a variety of heterogeneous domains today e.g. avionics, automotive systems, locomotives,…
(more)
▼ Distributed real-time embedded systems that address safety and mission-critical system requirements are applied in a variety of heterogeneous domains today e.g. avionics, automotive systems, locomotives, and industrial control systems. The volume and complexity of such software grows everyday depending on an assortment of factors, including challenging system requirements e.g. resilience to hardware and software faults, remote deployment and repair. To mitigate the software complexity in such systems, model-driven component-based software engineering and development has become an accepted practice. Integrating appropriate modeling and analysis techniques into the design of such systems helps ensure predictable, dependable and safe operation upon deployment. The research presented in this dissertation has lead to the development of a methodology to model and analyze the temporal behavior of such distributed component-based applications in order to verify system-level timing properties such as worst-case response times, lack of deadline violations etc. Our approach relies on formalizing the structure and behavior of component-based applications using Colored Petri Nets (CPN) i.e. modeling the component assembly, operation scheduling, thread execution etc. and analyzing the temporal behavior of the overall system using simulation, state space analysis and model checking techniques. To bridge the gap between the system model and the analysis model, we have developed a modeling language to describe the business logic of component operations. Using the overall system model and the per-operation business logic models, a CPN timing analysis model is fully generated for analysis. The generality of the modeling principles used show the applicability of this method to a wide range of similar systems. We have also developed methods to structurally reduce our CPN and improve the scalability and performance of analysis to work for medium-to-large scale systems. Lastly, the results obtained from CPN analysis have been validated by executing experimental component assemblies on a cyber-physical systems testbed, a 32 Beaglebone Black cluster. Results show that the worst-case response times of component operations calculated by the CPN analysis are close, conservative estimates of the real-world execution.
Advisors/Committee Members: Gabor Karsai (chair), Xenofon Koutsoukos (committee member), Akos Ledeczi (committee member), Gautam Biswas (committee member), Bharat Bhuva (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: component-based; verification; timing analysis; embedded systems; real-time; distributed
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APA (6th Edition):
Kumar, P. S. (2016). Integrated Timing Analysis and Verification of Component-based Distributed Real-time Systems. (Doctoral Dissertation). Vanderbilt University. Retrieved from http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-09232016-084524/ ;
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kumar, Pranav Srinivas. “Integrated Timing Analysis and Verification of Component-based Distributed Real-time Systems.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Vanderbilt University. Accessed January 24, 2020.
http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-09232016-084524/ ;.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kumar, Pranav Srinivas. “Integrated Timing Analysis and Verification of Component-based Distributed Real-time Systems.” 2016. Web. 24 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Kumar PS. Integrated Timing Analysis and Verification of Component-based Distributed Real-time Systems. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2016. [cited 2020 Jan 24].
Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-09232016-084524/ ;.
Council of Science Editors:
Kumar PS. Integrated Timing Analysis and Verification of Component-based Distributed Real-time Systems. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2016. Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-09232016-084524/ ;
29.
Ghafouri, Amin.
Resilient Anomaly Detection in Cyber-Physical Systems.
Degree: PhD, Computer Science, 2018, Vanderbilt University
URL: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-02152018-170153/
;
► Cyber-physical systems (CPS), such as autonomous automobile systems and process control systems, are mechanisms that deeply intertwine physical and software components. A resilient CPS is…
(more)
▼ Cyber-physical systems (CPS), such as autonomous automobile systems and process control systems, are mechanisms that deeply intertwine physical and software components. A resilient CPS is one that maintains an accepted level of operational normalcy in response to system faults and threats of unexpected and malicious nature. The focus of this dissertation is on improving resilience of CPS through design and evaluation of resilient anomaly detectors, which guarantee satisfactory performance even in the presence of worst-case faults and attacks. The contributions of the thesis address challenges in the design of resilient anomaly detectors by taking into consideration features of the physical system and the control and monitoring algorithms.
Detection thresholds of resilient anomaly detectors need to be configured properly to ensure detection performance while minimizing false alarms. Using a game-theoretic approach, our work formulates the problem of computing optimal detection thresholds which minimize both the number of false alarms and the probability of missing attacks. An efficient algorithm based on dynamic programming for solving the game and finding optimal detection thresholds is developed and analyzed. The approach is evaluated using a case study of contamination attacks in water networks.
To increase resilience against detection errors, a framework for application-aware anomaly detection is presented. The main objective is to configure an anomaly detector so that the performance loss of the application in the presence of detection errors is minimized. An efficient algorithm for finding the application-aware detector is proposed and analyzed. The results are evaluated using a case study of real-time control of traffic signals.
To improve resilience against malicious attackers, the problem of adversarial regression in CPS is investigated, where an adversary capable of perturbing the values of sensors attempts to drive a CPS to an unsafe state while remaining undetected. The problem is solved considering linear regression- and neural network regression-based detectors. Then, a resilient detector is presented that mitigates the impact of stealthy attacks through configuration of thresholds. The proposed approach is numerically evaluated using a case study of a process control system.
Advisors/Committee Members: Yevgeniy Vorobeychik (committee member), Gautam Biswas (committee member), Abhishek Dubey (committee member), Gabor Karsai (committee member), Xenofon Koutsoukos (chair).
Subjects/Keywords: anomaly detection; cyber-physical systems; resilient systems; game theory; regression-based detectors; machine learning
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APA (6th Edition):
Ghafouri, A. (2018). Resilient Anomaly Detection in Cyber-Physical Systems. (Doctoral Dissertation). Vanderbilt University. Retrieved from http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-02152018-170153/ ;
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ghafouri, Amin. “Resilient Anomaly Detection in Cyber-Physical Systems.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Vanderbilt University. Accessed January 24, 2020.
http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-02152018-170153/ ;.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ghafouri, Amin. “Resilient Anomaly Detection in Cyber-Physical Systems.” 2018. Web. 24 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Ghafouri A. Resilient Anomaly Detection in Cyber-Physical Systems. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2018. [cited 2020 Jan 24].
Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-02152018-170153/ ;.
Council of Science Editors:
Ghafouri A. Resilient Anomaly Detection in Cyber-Physical Systems. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2018. Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-02152018-170153/ ;
30.
Simko, Gabor.
Formal Semantic Specification of Domain-Specific Modeling Languages for Cyber-Physical Systems.
Degree: PhD, Computer Science, 2014, Vanderbilt University
URL: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-06062014-134417/
;
► Model-Integrated Computing is increasingly used for designing Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), since it increases productivity and product quality through simulators, automated testing, code generators and verification…
(more)
▼ Model-Integrated Computing is increasingly used for designing Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), since it increases productivity and product quality through simulators, automated testing, code generators and verification tools. In this approach, models are represented using Domain-Specific Modeling Languages (DSMLs). A DSML is defined by its syntax and semantics, and while meta-modeling (and meta-modeling environments) provides a mature methodology for tackling the syntax of DSMLs, expressing the semantics of a DSML is still in its infancy. Without unambiguous specifications, different tools may interpret the languages in different ways, which could easily lead to situations when the compiler generates code with different behavior than what the verification tool analyzes. Therefore, in order to help the development of consistent tools, we need to formalize the semantics of these languages.
In this work, we discuss the formalization of the structural and behavioral semantics of CPS DSMLs using a logic programming based approach. We introduce ForSpec, an executable formal specification language for the structural and behavioral semantics of CPS DSMLs. ForSpec is a constraint logic programming language based on fixed-point logic over algebraic data types with support for both denotational and operational specifications.
In order to help the development of denotational semantic specifications, we introduce an extension of the semantic anchoring framework, and define several reusable semantic units for CPS modeling languages in ForSpec. Using these semantic units, we demonstrate the complete formalization of the structural and denotational semantics of a bond graph language and a CPS modeling language.
Finally, in order to demonstrate operational specifications in ForSpec, we develop the structural and operational semantic specifications for the MathWorks Stateflow language.
Advisors/Committee Members: Janos Sztipanovits (chair), Gabor Karsai (committee member), Xenofon Koutsoukos (committee member), Jeremy Spinrad (committee member), Ethan Jackson (committee member), Sandeep Neema (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: cyber-physical system; domain-specific modeling language; formal semantics
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Simko, G. (2014). Formal Semantic Specification of Domain-Specific Modeling Languages for Cyber-Physical Systems. (Doctoral Dissertation). Vanderbilt University. Retrieved from http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-06062014-134417/ ;
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Simko, Gabor. “Formal Semantic Specification of Domain-Specific Modeling Languages for Cyber-Physical Systems.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Vanderbilt University. Accessed January 24, 2020.
http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-06062014-134417/ ;.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Simko, Gabor. “Formal Semantic Specification of Domain-Specific Modeling Languages for Cyber-Physical Systems.” 2014. Web. 24 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Simko G. Formal Semantic Specification of Domain-Specific Modeling Languages for Cyber-Physical Systems. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2014. [cited 2020 Jan 24].
Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-06062014-134417/ ;.
Council of Science Editors:
Simko G. Formal Semantic Specification of Domain-Specific Modeling Languages for Cyber-Physical Systems. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2014. Available from: http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-06062014-134417/ ;
◁ [1] [2] ▶
. 
Open Access Theses and Dissertations
