+publisher:"University of Waikato" +contributor:("Starkey, Nicola J")

University of Waikato

1. Thomson, Kirstin Marie. Life after Stroke: A Comparative Study .

Degree: 2012, University of Waikato

► Stroke is a chronic illness and is the leading cause of disability globally in the adult population. The effects of stroke are wide ranging and… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Stroke

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APA (6^th Edition):

Thomson, K. M. (2012). Life after Stroke: A Comparative Study . (Masters Thesis). University of Waikato. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10289/6515

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Thomson, Kirstin Marie. “Life after Stroke: A Comparative Study .” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of Waikato. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/6515.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Thomson, Kirstin Marie. “Life after Stroke: A Comparative Study .” 2012. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Thomson KM. Life after Stroke: A Comparative Study . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Waikato; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/6515.

Council of Science Editors:

Thomson KM. Life after Stroke: A Comparative Study . [Masters Thesis]. University of Waikato; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/6515

University of Waikato

2. Kendall, Virginia Ruth. The Behavioural Dyscontrol Scale-Validation of a computerised version in a non-clinical New Zealand population .

Degree: 2013, University of Waikato

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/7918

► The objective of this study was to evaluate the validity of a new computerised version of the Behavioural Dyscontrol Scale (BDS) in comparison to the… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: computerised neuropsychological testing; behavioural dyscontrol scale; executive function; environmental independence

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kendall, V. R. (2013). The Behavioural Dyscontrol Scale-Validation of a computerised version in a non-clinical New Zealand population . (Masters Thesis). University of Waikato. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10289/7918

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kendall, Virginia Ruth. “The Behavioural Dyscontrol Scale-Validation of a computerised version in a non-clinical New Zealand population .” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of Waikato. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/7918.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kendall, Virginia Ruth. “The Behavioural Dyscontrol Scale-Validation of a computerised version in a non-clinical New Zealand population .” 2013. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Kendall VR. The Behavioural Dyscontrol Scale-Validation of a computerised version in a non-clinical New Zealand population . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Waikato; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/7918.

Council of Science Editors:

Kendall VR. The Behavioural Dyscontrol Scale-Validation of a computerised version in a non-clinical New Zealand population . [Masters Thesis]. University of Waikato; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/7918

University of Waikato

3. Lisle, Nicole. Get out of your mind and into your life: Using a self-help book to improve wellbeing in adolescents .

Degree: 2019, University of Waikato

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/12438

► Mental health concerns such as depression and anxiety are becoming increasing prevalent in an adolescent population. In New Zealand, public mental health services have long… (more)

▼ Mental health concerns such as depression and anxiety are becoming increasing prevalent in an adolescent population. In New Zealand, public mental health services have long waitlists to access support from a clinician and private clinicians are often costly. This creates a barrier for many adolescents to receive support, particularly those who are experiencing subclinical concerns. There is also some evidence to suggest that many people do not benefit from traditional therapy approaches. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is an alternate to traditionally used treatment approaches such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and uses techniques such as values, acceptance and mindfulness to help improve wellbeing. Using ACT in a self-help format helps to reduce barriers for adolescents to access support. The overall purpose of this study was to address the question “Does the self-help book Get Out of Your Mind and Into Your Life for Teens improve wellbeing in adolescents?”. In particular, the research sought to find out i) if the book was effective in improving well-being in adolescents, ii) if there were any gender differences in outcomes and iii) understanding if adolescents found the book useful by evaluating if it was easy to work through and relevant to them. Participants were between the ages of 16 and 18 years (N=16, average age= 16.6), with nine females and six males. A total of 14 participants completed the intervention. The study was conducted using a multiple baseline design. Participants completed a battery of questionnaires which focused on wellbeing and ACT techniques at 4 time points (before the baseline period, after a two week wait before they began the intervention, on completion of the intervention and at a two month follow up), specific areas assessed by the questionnaires were depression, anxiety, strengths and difficulties, thought control, acceptance and mindfulness. During the intervention period, participants worked through the book and engaged in weekly meetings. Participants also filled out a number of questionnaires specific to wellbeing and ACT at four time points. When the group data as well as individual change scores were analysed, statistically significant improvements were found for depression, thought control and acceptance. There were no gender differences in response to the intervention. The majority of participants felt that the intervention was relevant and useful. They also reported that they were able to use some of the skills from the intervention in their everyday lives. These findings indicate that this intervention was effective for improving general wellbeing with adolescents who are experiencing sub-clinical levels of distress. Furthermore, it demonstrates that adolescents were able to learn ACT based techniques from the self-help book and that they found the book useful and relevant. In conclusion, this study has shown that ACT based self-help interventions may be used as an alternative and cost-effective method of offering support to adolescents. It also shows that… Advisors/Committee Members: Starkey, Nicola J (advisor).

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lisle, N. (2019). Get out of your mind and into your life: Using a self-help book to improve wellbeing in adolescents . (Masters Thesis). University of Waikato. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10289/12438

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lisle, Nicole. “Get out of your mind and into your life: Using a self-help book to improve wellbeing in adolescents .” 2019. Masters Thesis, University of Waikato. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/12438.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lisle, Nicole. “Get out of your mind and into your life: Using a self-help book to improve wellbeing in adolescents .” 2019. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Lisle N. Get out of your mind and into your life: Using a self-help book to improve wellbeing in adolescents . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Waikato; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/12438.

Council of Science Editors:

Lisle N. Get out of your mind and into your life: Using a self-help book to improve wellbeing in adolescents . [Masters Thesis]. University of Waikato; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/12438

University of Waikato

4. Babbott, Kathryn M. The effectiveness of an ACT based intervention in the management of disordered eating .

Degree: 2018, University of Waikato

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/12487

► Disordered eating is a term that refers to patterns of thoughts and behaviour that are maladaptive, and often centred around food, weight, and eating. For… (more)

▼ Disordered eating is a term that refers to patterns of thoughts and behaviour that are maladaptive, and often centred around food, weight, and eating. For individuals who engage in disordered eating, the risk of progression to a clinically significant disorder is high, and once the diagnostic threshold is crossed, time becomes an increasingly important factor. This research endeavours to evaluate the efficacy of an intervention which is widely accessible and low cost, which may be used to address increasingly high rates of diagnosis and demand for services. The efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in treating a broad range of disorders has been well-established in empirical literature. The present study utilised a non-concurrent multiple baseline design to evaluate the efficacy of a self-help ACT workbook intervention in managing non-clinical disordered eating. Follow up data was collected six weeks after completion of the intervention. Participants were also asked to complete pre and post-intervention measures of acceptance, valued living, disordered eating pathology, and a general screen of psychopathology. The book, ‘Get Out of Your Mind and Into Your Life’, by Steven Hayes, was used for the purposes of this study in a community sample. The content of the book is based on ACT and contains information and exercises based around the six core principles of ACT. Seventeen participants who were concerned about their eating were recruited for this research via poster advertisements placed around a university campus and the wider city. 11.8% (n=2) of the participants were male and 88.2% (n=15) were female. Following a two-week baseline, participants worked through select chapters in the book over the course of six weeks. All participants were contacted via telephone to collect weekly measures of suffering, struggle, workability, and valued action, which are key components of ACT. Participants were also asked to rate the extent to which the week’s reading had aided them in managing disordered eating behaviour. After completing the intervention, acceptance and quality of life ratings showed improvements at a trend level, and disordered eating pathology significantly decreased. All of these improvements were maintained at follow up. There were no significant changes in general measures of pathology, (i.e. depression and anxiety), although non-significant trends were observed, which indicated improvement. Although the small n nature of this research means that findings should be interpreted with caution, the results of this research support the hypothesis that self-help interventions can be useful for mitigating subclinical disordered eating pathology, and suggest that further research is warranted into the development of ACT-based interventions for subclinical disordered eating which are widely available and accessible to all. Advisors/Committee Members: Starkey, Nicola J (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: eating disorder; ACT; Acceptance and Commitment Therapy; disordered eating

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APA (6^th Edition):

Babbott, K. M. (2018). The effectiveness of an ACT based intervention in the management of disordered eating . (Masters Thesis). University of Waikato. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10289/12487

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Babbott, Kathryn M. “The effectiveness of an ACT based intervention in the management of disordered eating .” 2018. Masters Thesis, University of Waikato. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/12487.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Babbott, Kathryn M. “The effectiveness of an ACT based intervention in the management of disordered eating .” 2018. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Babbott KM. The effectiveness of an ACT based intervention in the management of disordered eating . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Waikato; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/12487.

Council of Science Editors:

Babbott KM. The effectiveness of an ACT based intervention in the management of disordered eating . [Masters Thesis]. University of Waikato; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/12487

University of Waikato

5. Duffy, Brittney. Subjective cognitive complaints 8-Years after mild traumatic brain injury .

Degree: 2019, University of Waikato

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/12890

► Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common and can result in symptoms that persist for years after the initial injury. The symptoms following TBI are… (more)

▼ Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common and can result in symptoms that persist for years after the initial injury. The symptoms following TBI are dynamic, and can result in cognitive, emotional, behavioural and physical symptoms, often collectively referred to as post-concussion symptoms. Persistent post-concussion symptoms impact education, employment, relationships and quality of life. The first aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term symptoms of adults eight- years after a mild TBI compared to a TBI-free group. The second aim of this study was to compare the prevalence and severity of post-concussion symptoms that were reported at 1-month post-injury, 12-months post-injury, and the symptoms reported now, at 8 years post-injury. Finally, the factors contributing to subjective cognitive complaints at 8-years post-injury were explored. A population-based sample of 151 adults who sustained a mild TBI (mTBI) between 2010 and 2011 participated in this study. Additionally, 213 participants with no history of head injury took part. Both groups answered questions about current post-concussion symptoms using the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptom Questionnaire (RPQ). The results of this study revealed the prevalence and severity of post- concussion symptoms was significantly greater in participants with mTBI at 8- years post-injury. Differences in cognitive symptoms were most prominent between groups, with the mTBI participants reporting significantly more cognitive complaints. When evaluating symptom-severity over time, we found no significant change in post-concussion symptoms from 12-months post-injury to 8-years. Older age at injury and increased symptoms of depression were associated with increased cognitive complaints at 8-years post-injury. These results confirm post-concussion symptoms persist long-term, and may not improve beyond the levels reported at 12-months post-injury. Further research is needed to explore the impact that treatment of mood symptoms early post- injury may have on recovery. Advisors/Committee Members: Starkey, Nicola J (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: TBI; mTBI; traumatic brain injury; mild traumatic brain injury; subjective cognitive complaints; long-term outcomes after TBI; long-term outcomes after mTBI

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APA (6^th Edition):

Duffy, B. (2019). Subjective cognitive complaints 8-Years after mild traumatic brain injury . (Masters Thesis). University of Waikato. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10289/12890

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Duffy, Brittney. “Subjective cognitive complaints 8-Years after mild traumatic brain injury .” 2019. Masters Thesis, University of Waikato. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/12890.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Duffy, Brittney. “Subjective cognitive complaints 8-Years after mild traumatic brain injury .” 2019. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Duffy B. Subjective cognitive complaints 8-Years after mild traumatic brain injury . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Waikato; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/12890.

Council of Science Editors:

Duffy B. Subjective cognitive complaints 8-Years after mild traumatic brain injury . [Masters Thesis]. University of Waikato; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/12890

University of Waikato

6. Liddicoat, Zabé. Who should we listen to? Comparing parent and child report of post-concussive symptoms .

Degree: 2020, University of Waikato

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/13514

► A significant proportion of people worldwide are impacted by the effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Research into the incidence and severity of TBI demonstrates… (more)

▼ A significant proportion of people worldwide are impacted by the effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Research into the incidence and severity of TBI demonstrates that the majority of injuries are mild (such as concussion) and are experienced by children and adolescents. Despite the significance of concussion in young people, there is limited research exploring the impact of this injury on this age group. This is compounded by a lack of clarity on how best to assess concussion symptoms with regard to the measure utilised, timing of assessment, and informant reporting. Assessing concussion in children and adolescents is complicated by the child’s ability to report on concussion symptoms and negotiating reporting from parents and children simultaneously. Previous research has identified gaps in the literature including: lack of acute assessment of symptoms, few longitudinal studies into the pattern of symptom reporting over time, and lack of research associating subjective symptom reports with other objective symptom measures. Therefore, the main aims of this study were: i) To assess parent and child concordance when reporting concussion symptoms over time. ii) To determine the association between parent and child ratings of concussion symptoms and objective symptom measures. This research was part of a wider pilot study, Concussion Recovery and Assessment in New Zealand Adolescents and Children (CRANIAC). It involved 49 pairs of children and their parents or caregivers. Twenty-seven children had sustained a concussion and 22 comprised a comparison group of children with an upper limb injury. The children and their parents completed the Post Concussive Symptom Inventory (PCSI) and Sports Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT)) on four occasions after injury (one to four days, two weeks, one month, three months). Correlations were used to assess concordance between parent and child ratings at each time point and how the subjective PCSI ratings were associated with the objective symptom assessments from the SCAT. Results showed parents and children from both injury groups reported most symptoms acutely after injury and fewer symptoms at every subsequent time point. There were fewer symptoms recorded and lower agreement for parents/children with an upper limb injury than those with concussion. Parents and children appeared to agree least about symptoms during the acute period of injury and agreement generally strengthened over time as symptom number and severity decreased. Additionally, there was more agreement about the presence or absence of symptoms rather than the severity. Finally, the PCSI ratings from parents or children did not relate to objective SCAT domain measures. This suggests that these scales may be measuring different constructs. In conclusion, symptom report and parent/child concordance for children with concussion is distinct from another injury. When children have sustained a concussion, it is beneficial to obtain reports from the child and a caregiver, particularly closer to injury. This is… Advisors/Committee Members: Starkey, Nicola J (advisor).

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Liddicoat, Z. (2020). Who should we listen to? Comparing parent and child report of post-concussive symptoms . (Masters Thesis). University of Waikato. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10289/13514

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Liddicoat, Zabé. “Who should we listen to? Comparing parent and child report of post-concussive symptoms .” 2020. Masters Thesis, University of Waikato. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/13514.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Liddicoat, Zabé. “Who should we listen to? Comparing parent and child report of post-concussive symptoms .” 2020. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Liddicoat Z. Who should we listen to? Comparing parent and child report of post-concussive symptoms . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Waikato; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/13514.

Council of Science Editors:

Liddicoat Z. Who should we listen to? Comparing parent and child report of post-concussive symptoms . [Masters Thesis]. University of Waikato; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/13514

University of Waikato

7. Nathan, Lisa Kiriwai. Mai ngā reo pou tangata .

Degree: 2019, University of Waikato

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/13532

► Globally the prevalence rate of dementia is estimated to be 50 million. In 2016, Aotearoa New Zealand prevalence projections reported 62,287 people were affected by… (more)

▼ Globally the prevalence rate of dementia is estimated to be 50 million. In 2016, Aotearoa New Zealand prevalence projections reported 62,287 people were affected by dementia. Māori represented 5.1 per cent, which is expected to rise to 8 per cent by 2038. Māori people prefer to care for ill kaumātua (older people) at home and are experiencing greater stress and increased caregiver burden due to the cultural expectations of caring for kaumātua at home. The two aims of this study were first, to explore the perspectives of Māori whānau carers caring for kaumātua with dementia, and the second aim was to explore the perspectives of staff who work for dementia service providers, addressing areas such as staff’s experiences with Māori whānau carers and cultural competency in service delivery. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight whānau (11 whānau carers) within the Waikato region of New Zealand and seven service provider staff participants. Whānau carers were interviewed first. They were asked to share information about their kaumātua. The topics explored the diagnosis process; the behavioural changes of the kaumātua living with dementia and the whānau caring experience. Thematic analysis was conducted on the resulting transcripts to identify themes and to identify potential service providers to approach for interviews. Five service provider organisations were selected, of which four service providers were able to commit to an interview. One service provider could not commit to an interview due to thesis time constraints. Seven staff participants across the four service providers were recruited and invited to share their perspectives of working with Māori whānau. Again, thematic analysis was conducted on the verbatim transcripts to identify salient themes. Two major findings amidst the perspectives of whānau carers was identified. First, the systemic lack of support across three dimensions, and second the negative impact of caregiver burden. The first deficiency was the lack of support from whānau members, second, the lack of support from community services and third, the lack of support from the government. Whānau experienced poor health as a result of caregiver burden. Staff participants findings were firstly staff believed they were culturally inclusive and responsive, second they reported going beyond their roles and the system to support Māori and third staff identified barriers which exist for Māori in terms of accessing services. Whānau carers are struggling to find support from other whānau members. Some whānau members are critical of caring methods, while others place additional burden on the carers. Whānau are often described as an interconnected unit, however findings show that Māori whānau carers are feeling isolated and alone, and as a result are experiencing poor health. Whānau carers perceive a services in their community as not being culturally inclusive or appropriate. Staff participants said that they incorporate respect and compassion into their service delivery. … Advisors/Committee Members: Starkey, Nicola J (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Maori; kaumatua; carers; dementia

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APA (6^th Edition):

Nathan, L. K. (2019). Mai ngā reo pou tangata . (Masters Thesis). University of Waikato. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10289/13532

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Nathan, Lisa Kiriwai. “Mai ngā reo pou tangata .” 2019. Masters Thesis, University of Waikato. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/13532.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Nathan, Lisa Kiriwai. “Mai ngā reo pou tangata .” 2019. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Nathan LK. Mai ngā reo pou tangata . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Waikato; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/13532.

Council of Science Editors:

Nathan LK. Mai ngā reo pou tangata . [Masters Thesis]. University of Waikato; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/13532

University of Waikato

8. Leidig, Rebecca Dawn. Gender differences in depression and anxiety symptoms eight years after mild traumatic brain injury .

Degree: 2020, University of Waikato

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/13526

► The majority of all treated cases of traumatic brain injury are classified as being in the mild severity range (MTBI) but many symptoms are far… (more)

▼ The majority of all treated cases of traumatic brain injury are classified as being in the mild severity range (MTBI) but many symptoms are far from mild and can result in difficulties that persist for years after the initial injury, severely affecting quality of life. Chronic depression and anxiety symptoms can be masked by acute post-concussion symptoms and can affect males and females differently in the long-term but little research has been undertaken in this area. The aims of this study were to investigate the gender differences in depression and anxiety over 1-month, 12-months and 8-years following a mild traumatic brain injury and to investigate gender differences in depression and anxiety between a group of MTBI subjects (8-years post-injury), and a group of participants who were TBI-free, by comparing Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores and self-reported symptoms. A MTBI cohort consisting of a population-based sample of 151 adults who sustained a mild TBI between 2010 and 2011 was identified from an earlier longitudinal study: Brain Injury Incidence and Outcomes New Zealand In the Community Study (BIONIC). Additionally, 213 participants with no history of head injury were recruited for comparison. Both groups answered questions about current anxiety and depression symptoms using the HADS. Overall, results suggest that males and females with MTBI have the same overall course of recovery in relation to depression and anxiety symptoms over the 8-years following injury but that females consistently report significantly increased symptoms than males over time, as reflected in the general population. Depression and anxiety scores fluctuate over the 8-years post-MTBI but, overall, depression increases, anxiety decreases and symptom levels are below clinical severity. Females with MTBI are significantly more likely than males to experience anxiety in the clinical range at 12-months post-injury. There were no significant gender differences in depression or anxiety levels between the MTBI and comparison groups, and average HADS scores were not significantly different between groups. However, individual symptom analysis showed that females who were 8-years post-MTBI experienced increased panic symptoms than females with no TBI and that both males and females with MTBI reported increased anhedonia and “restlessness’ symptoms than those without MTBI. Overall, females reported significantly higher severity symptoms related to nervousness and feeling slowed down than males. The clinical implications of this study suggest a focus on the longer-term impacts of MTBI as patients may experience later onset depression or anxiety that may not be present in the acute phase. Evaluating individual symptoms as well as overall scores on measures can identify important clinical effects at symptom level that are masked by total score analysis. Practitioners should consider gender differences in how patients respond to self-report symptom measures to ensure accurate clinical assessment of both males… Advisors/Committee Members: Starkey, Nicola J (advisor).

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Leidig, R. D. (2020). Gender differences in depression and anxiety symptoms eight years after mild traumatic brain injury . (Masters Thesis). University of Waikato. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10289/13526

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Leidig, Rebecca Dawn. “Gender differences in depression and anxiety symptoms eight years after mild traumatic brain injury .” 2020. Masters Thesis, University of Waikato. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/13526.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Leidig, Rebecca Dawn. “Gender differences in depression and anxiety symptoms eight years after mild traumatic brain injury .” 2020. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Leidig RD. Gender differences in depression and anxiety symptoms eight years after mild traumatic brain injury . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Waikato; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/13526.

Council of Science Editors:

Leidig RD. Gender differences in depression and anxiety symptoms eight years after mild traumatic brain injury . [Masters Thesis]. University of Waikato; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/13526

9. Burdett, Bridget Rose Doran. Mind wandering during everyday driving .

Degree: 2018, University of Waikato

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/12097

► Mind wandering is a common experience but its prevalence and consequences during routine activities such as driving are unclear. This thesis comprises five studies investigating… (more)

▼ Mind wandering is a common experience but its prevalence and consequences during routine activities such as driving are unclear. This thesis comprises five studies investigating how often drivers’ minds wander, and the relationship between mind wandering and crash risk. The first study was a questionnaire completed by 502 drivers, to explore their experiences of mind wandering including its variation in different driving contexts. All drivers reported mind wandering at least some of the time. Tendency to report mind wandering during driving was positively correlated with trait tendency towards cognitive failure, and negatively correlated with tendency towards mindful attention and awareness. Drivers reported most mind wandering driving their own car on familiar roads. The second study built on the finding that drivers are most likely to report mind wandering on a familiar trip in their own car through an on-road study of drivers’ thoughts. Eleven drivers traveling in their own cars between home and work were periodically asked what they were thinking about, across 110 trips in total, to establish how often drivers report mind wandering on real streets. Drivers reported mind wandering around two thirds of the time, demonstrating that it is a frequent experience on familiar urban roads. Drivers’ thoughts shifted frequently, triggered by what they saw in the environment and by internal concerns unrelated to driving. The first two studies found relatively high likelihood of mind wandering on familiar roads, so the third study investigated links between mind wandering and crash risk by exploring variation in crash patterns on roads close to home and further away. Analysis of crash distance from home, accounting for travel exposure, confirmed a ‘Close to Home Effect’ for road crashes. New Zealand drivers face increased crash risk on familiar roads within 10km of home, suggesting that higher rates of mind wandering close to home may influence crash risk. The Close to Home Effect was explored in more depth in the fourth study, which was based on analysis of police Traffic Crash Reports. Crash frequencies at different distances from home were compared in relation with posted speed limit, crash location (intersection or midblock), and errors (intentional violations or unintentional lapses of attention). Compared with crashes on roads further away, crashes close to home were more commonly reported on urban than on rural roads; more often at midblocks (stretches between intersections) than at intersections; and were more likely to involve a lapse of attention than an intentional violation such as excessive speeding. The fifth and final study combined an on-road study of drivers’ thoughts on a prescribed urban road route with analysis of crash data from the same route. The purpose of the fifth study was to determine how patterns of mind wandering and crashes vary with respect to road environment factors. Results showed that mind wandering is not random, but varies systematically in relation to task demand and crash risk on… Advisors/Committee Members: Charlton, Samuel G (advisor), Starkey, Nicola J (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Mind wandering; driving; daydreaming; cognition; psychology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Burdett, B. R. D. (2018). Mind wandering during everyday driving . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Waikato. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10289/12097

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Burdett, Bridget Rose Doran. “Mind wandering during everyday driving .” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Waikato. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/12097.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Burdett, Bridget Rose Doran. “Mind wandering during everyday driving .” 2018. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Burdett BRD. Mind wandering during everyday driving . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Waikato; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/12097.

Council of Science Editors:

Burdett BRD. Mind wandering during everyday driving . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Waikato; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/12097

10. Fernandez, Sandhya Isabella. Social perception and neuropsychological deficits in mild cognitive impairment .

Degree: 2018, University of Waikato

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/12129

► Social perception is an important aspect of social communication. Accurate recognition of emotion is crucial to understanding how others are feeling, which in turn is… (more)

▼ Social perception is an important aspect of social communication. Accurate recognition of emotion is crucial to understanding how others are feeling, which in turn is important in developing and maintaining meaningful relationships. Difficulties in social perception may lead to feelings of loneliness and isolation, which affects quality of life and wellbeing. Social support is particularly important, as people get older as it helps foster wellbeing. The process of ageing is related to a gradual and slow decline in cognitive function. This decline is seen to hasten with the onset of dementia. The risk of dementia is greater in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). There has been limited research examining social perception in people with MCI and existing research has largely used static visual tasks, such as photographs and stories for assessment of social perception. Further, those studies have predominantly focussed on people with MCI that are more likely to progress to Alzheimer’s disease, i.e., amnestic MCI. The present study aimed to assess emotion recognition and complex social perception tasks using an ecologically valid tool - The Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT) - in all subtypes of MCI. The overall aims were to examine social perception skills in people with MCI and to examine the relationship between social perception and neuropsychological functioning. Ninety-six healthy participants (females = 69, M age = 62.74, SD = 8.1) above the age of 50 years were recruited from the community, and 21 participants (females =10, M age = 72.24, SD = 10.4) with a diagnosis of MCI were recruited from the local District Health Boards (DHBs). These participants were administered a battery of neuropsychological tests (memory, language, executive functioning and visuospatial functioning domains), the TASIT, social activity and network measures, and informant measures were also collected. Initially, analyses were conducted to determine which of four MCI classification systems (liberal, comprehensive, conventional and conservative) was the most appropriate for use in the current study. This analysis revealed that the conventional criteria (1.5 SD below mean in one measure of a domain) accurately classified all the participants with a diagnosis of MCI, and 49% of the community sample as meeting the criteria for MCI. Overall, 68 participants (58%) met the criteria according to the conventional criteria and 49 participants (42%) were in the non-MCI group. Analyses revealed no significant differences between the MCI and non-MCI groups on any of the TASIT subtests. In addition, there were no significant differences on TASIT scores between those with multiple domain MCI compared to those with single domain MCI and participants with no MCI. There was no significant association between meeting criteria for MCI and the proportion of participants meeting the cut-off score for moderate deficits on the TASIT. When examining the sub-tests of the TASIT, there was a greater proportion of participants who had deficits on the… Advisors/Committee Members: Starkey, Nicola J (advisor), Barber, Carrie (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Mild Cognitive Impairment; Social Perception; Dementia; Neuropsychological Assessment

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APA (6^th Edition):

Fernandez, S. I. (2018). Social perception and neuropsychological deficits in mild cognitive impairment . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Waikato. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10289/12129

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fernandez, Sandhya Isabella. “Social perception and neuropsychological deficits in mild cognitive impairment .” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Waikato. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/12129.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fernandez, Sandhya Isabella. “Social perception and neuropsychological deficits in mild cognitive impairment .” 2018. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Fernandez SI. Social perception and neuropsychological deficits in mild cognitive impairment . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Waikato; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/12129.

Council of Science Editors:

Fernandez SI. Social perception and neuropsychological deficits in mild cognitive impairment . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Waikato; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/12129

University of Waikato

11. Haeata, Melanie R. J. Anxiety and depression in pregnant mothers and partners in New Zealand .

Degree: 2011, University of Waikato

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/5335

► Anxiety and depression throughout the antenatal period are associated with a multitude of adverse consequences. To date, little research has been conducted with both mothers… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Pregnancy; Antenatal; Maternal; Paternal; Anxiety; Depression

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APA (6^th Edition):

Haeata, M. R. J. (2011). Anxiety and depression in pregnant mothers and partners in New Zealand . (Masters Thesis). University of Waikato. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10289/5335

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Haeata, Melanie R J. “Anxiety and depression in pregnant mothers and partners in New Zealand .” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Waikato. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/5335.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Haeata, Melanie R J. “Anxiety and depression in pregnant mothers and partners in New Zealand .” 2011. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Haeata MRJ. Anxiety and depression in pregnant mothers and partners in New Zealand . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Waikato; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/5335.

Council of Science Editors:

Haeata MRJ. Anxiety and depression in pregnant mothers and partners in New Zealand . [Masters Thesis]. University of Waikato; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/5335

University of Waikato

12. Thomas, Leny Philip. The use of a Self-Help book based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: To improve General Well-being and Reduce Stress among Support Workers in Disability Sector .

Degree: 2011, University of Waikato

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/5605

► The randomized two group design (control and intervention group) study was used to evaluate the effectiveness of a self-help book based on ACT for support… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy; Staff stress

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APA (6^th Edition):

Thomas, L. P. (2011). The use of a Self-Help book based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: To improve General Well-being and Reduce Stress among Support Workers in Disability Sector . (Masters Thesis). University of Waikato. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10289/5605

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Thomas, Leny Philip. “The use of a Self-Help book based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: To improve General Well-being and Reduce Stress among Support Workers in Disability Sector .” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Waikato. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/5605.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Thomas, Leny Philip. “The use of a Self-Help book based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: To improve General Well-being and Reduce Stress among Support Workers in Disability Sector .” 2011. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Thomas LP. The use of a Self-Help book based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: To improve General Well-being and Reduce Stress among Support Workers in Disability Sector . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Waikato; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/5605.

Council of Science Editors:

Thomas LP. The use of a Self-Help book based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: To improve General Well-being and Reduce Stress among Support Workers in Disability Sector . [Masters Thesis]. University of Waikato; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/5605

University of Waikato

13. Lichtwark, Irene Tatjana. Estimating Premorbid IQ in New Zealand .

Degree: 2011, University of Waikato

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/6503

► The experience of brain injury changes the world for the person experiencing it and their family. It is important for health providers to know as… (more)

▼ The experience of brain injury changes the world for the person experiencing it and their family. It is important for health providers to know as accurately as possible how severe the brain damage is to be able to deliver the appropriate level of treatment and rehabilitation. Tests are available to measure current cognitive functioning which can be expressed as an intelligence quotient (IQ). One such test is the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV). Other tests are able to estimate premorbid IQ, for example the National Adult Reading Test (NART), the Test of Premorbid Functioning (TOPF) and the New Zealand Adult Reading Test (NZART). The discrepancy between the current IQ and the estimated premorbid IQ scores provides an estimate of the decrease in cognitive function as a result of brain injury. Most of these IQ tests have not been developed or normed for the New Zealand population and their suitability for this population is therefore not known. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of the tests of premorbid IQ to estimate the current WAIS-IV IQ in a New Zealand sample. This sample consisted of 86 New Zealand born, neurologically healthy, men and women (mean age of 46 years), who were administered the WAIS-IV, NART, TOPF and NZART. The results showed that the tests of premorbid IQ significantly over estimated lower IQ scores and significantly under estimated higher IQ scores. New regression formulae for the NART, TOPF and NZART were developed based on the WAIS-IV FSIQ and were found to be only marginally better at predicting current IQ. These new regression formulae also over-and under-estimated current IQ in the lower and upper ranges. The NZART, a New Zealand developed test, showed slightly better performance than the overseas tests. It was concluded that the tests of premorbid functioning are not very accurate in in their prediction of WAIS-IV current IQ for people in New Zealand and alternative methods of estimating premorbid IQ are suggested. Advisors/Committee Members: Starkey, Nicola J (advisor), Barker-Collo, Suzanne (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: premorbid IQ

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lichtwark, I. T. (2011). Estimating Premorbid IQ in New Zealand . (Masters Thesis). University of Waikato. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10289/6503

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lichtwark, Irene Tatjana. “Estimating Premorbid IQ in New Zealand .” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Waikato. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/6503.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lichtwark, Irene Tatjana. “Estimating Premorbid IQ in New Zealand .” 2011. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Lichtwark IT. Estimating Premorbid IQ in New Zealand . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Waikato; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/6503.

Council of Science Editors:

Lichtwark IT. Estimating Premorbid IQ in New Zealand . [Masters Thesis]. University of Waikato; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/6503

University of Waikato

14. Janse van Vuuren, Stefann. Exploring the Relationship between Speed Choice Behaviour, Hazard Perception and Individual Differences .

Degree: 2012, University of Waikato

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/6485

► Young, and particularly male drivers aged between 15 and 25 years of age are over represented in the crash statistics worldwide. In New Zealand, young… (more)

▼ Young, and particularly male drivers aged between 15 and 25 years of age are over represented in the crash statistics worldwide. In New Zealand, young drivers (15-24 years) represent only 15% of the driver licensed population but typically contribute to more than 50% of all fatal and injury crashes. The current study was conducted to investigate factors that may explain the over-representation of young drivers in crash statistics. For this research, a video based speed choice task was used to measure the chosen and estimated speeds on a selection of New Zealand road conditions of young inexperienced drivers and older experienced drivers. In addition, this study used a video based hazard perception dual task to compare the hazard perception skills of the same groups of drivers. Lastly, a number of self reported measures were used to examine if they could help characterise the drivers who consistently choose slower or higher speeds. Results revealed that the young inexperienced male drivers were more accurate at estimating the vehicle speeds and chose slower speeds across all the road conditions compared to the other drivers. In addition, drivers tended to choose slower speeds during night time driving and wet road conditions compared to daytime driving and dry road conditions, respectively. The young inexperienced drivers were better at the secondary tracking task of the hazard perception dual task compared to the older experienced drivers but then detected fewer hazards than any of the other drivers. In addition, drivers who chose consistently higher speeds in the speed choice task reported being more likely to engage in speeding, drink driving and become angry at other drivers while driving. Interestingly, drivers who consistently chose higher speeds were less confident in their driving abilities. The current findings suggest that young inexperienced male drivers were better at estimating the vehicle speeds and therefore chose slower speeds. In addition, it seems that the young inexperienced drivers tend to focus more on the secondary tracking task then detecting hazards compared to the older experienced drivers. This could relate to the fact that young inexperienced drivers need to use more attentional resources for the steering task and as a result they miss hazards. Lastly, the driver attitude questionnaire and the driving anger scale seem to be valid self-report measures in order to help characterise the drivers who consistently chose higher speeds in the speed choice task. Implications of the current study and future research are also discussed. Advisors/Committee Members: Isler, Robert B (advisor), Starkey, Nicola J (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Speed Choice; Hazard Perception; Individual Differences

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APA (6^th Edition):

Janse van Vuuren, S. (2012). Exploring the Relationship between Speed Choice Behaviour, Hazard Perception and Individual Differences . (Masters Thesis). University of Waikato. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10289/6485

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Janse van Vuuren, Stefann. “Exploring the Relationship between Speed Choice Behaviour, Hazard Perception and Individual Differences .” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of Waikato. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/6485.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Janse van Vuuren, Stefann. “Exploring the Relationship between Speed Choice Behaviour, Hazard Perception and Individual Differences .” 2012. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Janse van Vuuren S. Exploring the Relationship between Speed Choice Behaviour, Hazard Perception and Individual Differences . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Waikato; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/6485.

Council of Science Editors:

Janse van Vuuren S. Exploring the Relationship between Speed Choice Behaviour, Hazard Perception and Individual Differences . [Masters Thesis]. University of Waikato; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/6485

University of Waikato

15. Crosswell, Rebekah Jane. The effect of age and experience on hazard perception and speed choice in male drivers .

Degree: 2012, University of Waikato

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/6608

► There are many deaths on New Zealand roads each year, due to speeding related incidents. Teenage drivers (aged 15 to 24 years) are excessively represented… (more)

▼ There are many deaths on New Zealand roads each year, due to speeding related incidents. Teenage drivers (aged 15 to 24 years) are excessively represented in crash statistics. Young drivers seem to have poor hazard perception abilities compared to that of Older Experienced drivers, and may have problems choosing the appropriate speed for the road conditions. While speeding is difficult to measure in real world situations, the use of a laboratory speed choice task in the current study allowed for speed choice to be studied in a controlled laboratory setting, in an objective way. The current experiment investigated hazard perception and speed choice in males (with higher crash statistics compared to females) using four groups, Young Novice, Advanced Novice, Young Experienced and Older Experienced drivers. Independent variables included age (ranging from 15 to 60 years), experience (Young Novice, Advanced Novice, Young Experienced and Older Experienced) and differing weather conditions (dry and wet) on rural roads and day and night conditions on urban roads. Participants were given a hazard perception dual task as per where they had a primary task of detecting immediate hazards, as well as performing a secondary task of keeping a small dot within a small square, stimulating the steering in real driving. For the Video Speed Choice Task (VST), participants were shown the video clips and asked “how fast do you think you were travelling?” And “what would be the ideal speed appropriate for the road conditions?” The results showed that younger drivers were more likely to select slower speeds, closer to the speed limit, whereas Older Experienced drivers chose greater speeds. Slower speeds were chosen during night-time conditions, and wet conditions. These unexpected results may be for a number of reasons, to be discussed in the following thesis. They will be examined in terms of the current literature on hazard perception, speed choice and driver safety in New Zealand and overseas. Implications of the current study and future research will also be discussed. Advisors/Committee Members: Isler, Robert B (advisor), Starkey, Nicola J (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: hazard perception; speed choice; male drivers

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APA (6^th Edition):

Crosswell, R. J. (2012). The effect of age and experience on hazard perception and speed choice in male drivers . (Masters Thesis). University of Waikato. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10289/6608

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Crosswell, Rebekah Jane. “The effect of age and experience on hazard perception and speed choice in male drivers .” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of Waikato. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/6608.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Crosswell, Rebekah Jane. “The effect of age and experience on hazard perception and speed choice in male drivers .” 2012. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Crosswell RJ. The effect of age and experience on hazard perception and speed choice in male drivers . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Waikato; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/6608.

Council of Science Editors:

Crosswell RJ. The effect of age and experience on hazard perception and speed choice in male drivers . [Masters Thesis]. University of Waikato; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/6608

University of Waikato

16. Beard, Paula Joanne. The Effect of Low Dose Alcohol on Simulated Driving and Cognitive Performance .

Degree: 2012, University of Waikato

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/7024

► The current study investigated the effect of alcohol on simulated driving and cognitive performance across multiple blood alcohol levels (0.00, 0.02, 0.05 & 0.08%). The… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Alcohol; Simulated driving; Cognitive performance

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APA (6^th Edition):

Beard, P. J. (2012). The Effect of Low Dose Alcohol on Simulated Driving and Cognitive Performance . (Masters Thesis). University of Waikato. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10289/7024

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Beard, Paula Joanne. “The Effect of Low Dose Alcohol on Simulated Driving and Cognitive Performance .” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of Waikato. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/7024.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Beard, Paula Joanne. “The Effect of Low Dose Alcohol on Simulated Driving and Cognitive Performance .” 2012. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Beard PJ. The Effect of Low Dose Alcohol on Simulated Driving and Cognitive Performance . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Waikato; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/7024.

Council of Science Editors:

Beard PJ. The Effect of Low Dose Alcohol on Simulated Driving and Cognitive Performance . [Masters Thesis]. University of Waikato; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/7024

University of Waikato

17. Rose, Wallis. Caregiver Health Related Quality of Life and Burden When Caring for Children with Traumatic Brain Injury .

Degree: 2012, University of Waikato

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/7573

► Often family members take on the responsibility of caregiver when another family member sustains a traumatic brain injury (TBI). The caregiving role is a stressful… (more)

▼ Often family members take on the responsibility of caregiver when another family member sustains a traumatic brain injury (TBI). The caregiving role is a stressful task which may impact negatively upon caregivers’ psychological and physical health. Variables which may contribute to caregiver burden include: caregiver age, educational attainment, income, gender, ethnicity, marital status, supports, time post-injury, and child clinical variables: TBI severity, behavioural functioning and adaptive functioning. The literature varies in its reporting of which areas of health are most affected, and the degree to which sociodemographic and child variables impact upon negative health related quality of life (HRQoL) and burden. To address this the current study explored health outcomes for TBI caregivers using a battery of measures (Medical Study Short Form-36, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, DSM-IV Depression Diagnostic Scale, BAKAS Caregiving Outcomes Scale); questionnaires were also used to collect sociodemographic information and information relating to supports and services used in the rehabilitation of the TBI child. The Behavioural Assessment System for Children was used to collect behavioural and adaptability information from the caregivers about the child. Assessments were carried out at baseline, 1-month, 6-months and 12-months post TBI from a sample of 94 TBI caregivers and at baseline from a sample of 43 Control caregivers. TBI caregivers experienced poorer overall health and higher levels of depression and were less likely to report positive life changes compared to Control caregivers. Older age and higher income predicted positive life changes. In addition to this higher income predicted better physical and overall health. Ethnicity was found to predict depression with the Māori/‘other ethnicity’ group suffering higher levels of depression. Children’s dysfunctional behaviour was found to predict poorer caregiver health outcomes across several domains; these include physical health, overall health, and depression; while the child’s adaptive functioning was not found to be a predictive factor in any caregiver health domains. New Zealand European and Māori TBI caregivers experienced similar health outcomes and received similar levels of support. However, Māori experienced more positive life changes than New Zealand Europeans. Caregivers’ physical and psychological well-being was found to improve over time, these changes were the greatest between the 1-month and 12-month period. As a high percentage of children’s TBI’s occur in the home and at school, education aimed at schools and parents to inform of the effects of TBI upon children and families will bring an awareness which may encourage families to seek medical help. In doing so will offer the opportunity to receive or seek support in the initial period post TBI in the hope of reducing the burden for caregivers and producing better health outcomes. Bringing these families into contact with medical services may also help in identifying caregivers at… Advisors/Committee Members: Starkey, Nicola J (advisor), Jones, Kelly (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Caregiver Burden; Traumatic Brain Injury

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APA (6^th Edition):

Rose, W. (2012). Caregiver Health Related Quality of Life and Burden When Caring for Children with Traumatic Brain Injury . (Masters Thesis). University of Waikato. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10289/7573

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Rose, Wallis. “Caregiver Health Related Quality of Life and Burden When Caring for Children with Traumatic Brain Injury .” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of Waikato. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/7573.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Rose, Wallis. “Caregiver Health Related Quality of Life and Burden When Caring for Children with Traumatic Brain Injury .” 2012. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Rose W. Caregiver Health Related Quality of Life and Burden When Caring for Children with Traumatic Brain Injury . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Waikato; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/7573.

Council of Science Editors:

Rose W. Caregiver Health Related Quality of Life and Burden When Caring for Children with Traumatic Brain Injury . [Masters Thesis]. University of Waikato; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/7573

University of Waikato

18. Zareie, Setareh. Mild traumatic brain injury during infancy: Executive function and behavioural outcomes 24 months post-injury .

Degree: 2014, University of Waikato

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/8731

► Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability for children and young people worldwide. Research has found that children in infancy… (more)

▼ Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability for children and young people worldwide. Research has found that children in infancy and early childhood are at the highest risk of sustaining a TBI; and that mild TBI accounts for a large majority of these injuries. Unfortunately, there is limited research regarding the effects of TBI in this age group; and population-based studies are undertaken rarely. Most of the paediatric TBI research also focuses on school-aged children; and thus the effects of TBI sustained in infancy are not yet well understood. The main aim of this study was to investigate whether preschool children who have sustained a mild TBI would perform differently to healthy children in executive function (EF), with a particular focus on working memory and inhibitory control. A secondary aim was to investigate whether preschool children who have sustained a mild TBI would differ to healthy children in behavioural/emotional functioning. The investigation involved a population-based sample of 24 children who sustained a mild TBI between the ages of 0-2 years old. 24 children who had not had a TBI were also recruited as an age-matched comparison group. Assessments involved both parents and their children; and were conducted approximately 24 months post-injury. Parents completed the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function – Preschool Version (BRIEF-P); and the Behaviour Assessment System for Children, Second Edition (BASC-2). Children were also assessed using performance-based measures of EF such as the Delayed Alternation task - which measures working memory; and the Colour-Object Interference task - which measures inhibitory control. Results showed that children with and without mild TBI were characterised by similar EF abilities, including working memory and EF behaviours. In contrast, more children in the injury group (22.7% of the TBI sample) had clinically significant internalising behaviour problems (anxiety, depression and somatisation) as rated by their parents. These results indicate the need for children who have had a mild TBI to be screened for possible behavioural/emotional difficulties; and for interventions to be implemented as needed. Additional support for parents/caregivers may also be necessary. While no differences were observed between the two groups in EF at the time of assessment, it is recommended that longer-term studies are conducted. Advisors/Committee Members: Starkey, Nicola J (advisor), Jones, Kelly (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: mild traumatic brain injury; executive function; behaviour; preschool

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APA (6^th Edition):

Zareie, S. (2014). Mild traumatic brain injury during infancy: Executive function and behavioural outcomes 24 months post-injury . (Masters Thesis). University of Waikato. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10289/8731

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zareie, Setareh. “Mild traumatic brain injury during infancy: Executive function and behavioural outcomes 24 months post-injury .” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Waikato. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/8731.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zareie, Setareh. “Mild traumatic brain injury during infancy: Executive function and behavioural outcomes 24 months post-injury .” 2014. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Zareie S. Mild traumatic brain injury during infancy: Executive function and behavioural outcomes 24 months post-injury . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Waikato; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/8731.

Council of Science Editors:

Zareie S. Mild traumatic brain injury during infancy: Executive function and behavioural outcomes 24 months post-injury . [Masters Thesis]. University of Waikato; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/8731

University of Waikato

19. Hannah, Jessica Shirley. The Impact of Early Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury on the Transition to School .

Degree: 2014, University of Waikato

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/8701

► Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common cause of pervasive and long lasting disability and injury. The outcomes of TBI in young children can be… (more)

▼ Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common cause of pervasive and long lasting disability and injury. The outcomes of TBI in young children can be particularly detrimental, due to the impact on both current functioning and the ability to acquire new skills. Preschool children are at heightened risk of sustaining TBI. The impact of TBI can cause difficulties across a many domains including: cognitive and intellectual ability; academic achievement; executive function (EF); adaptive and behavioural functioning; and social competence. Deficits in any of these areas can place a child at increased risk of difficulties across their transition to formal schooling, which can subsequently lead to problems in later school performance. The first aim of this study was to examine the impact of TBI on cognitive and behavioural functioning in preschool children, at 12 and 24 months post-TBI. A second aim was to compare functional outcomes for children 24 months post-TBI, compared to a control group. A population-based sample of 15 children, who sustained TBI at the age of 4 years old, were followed up over 24 months post-injury. The vast proportion of these children had sustained mild TBI. Parent ratings of behaviour, along with child performance measures of cognitive functioning were explored at 12 and 24 months post-TBI. The children with TBI were then compared to a community recruited, age-matched group of children (n = 15) at 24 months post-TBI. Parent and teacher reports of behavioural and adaptive functioning, EF, and social competence were examined, along with the children’s self-report of behavioural functioning. Child performance measures of cognitive, intellectual and academic performance were also compared across the two groups. The results showed that both behavioural and adaptive difficulties decreased from 12 to 24 months after TBI, with internalising problems showing the greatest decline. Cognitive functioning remained stable and within the average range over this time. Comparisons between the TBI and Control group at 24 months post-TBI found comparable mean scores across nearly all measures and domains. The TBI group obtained lower scores (marginally significant) on measures of estimated IQ compared to the control group. While not statistically significant, a high proportion of the TBI group had elevated scores for externalising behaviours, peer problems and overall social difficulties. This highlights the need to screen for behavioural and social difficulties, with early intervention where necessary, to reduce the risk of difficulties during the school transition. Further longitudinal research on early TBI is recommended to explore these areas further. Advisors/Committee Members: Starkey, Nicola J (advisor), Jones, Kelly (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: childhood TBI; School transition

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hannah, J. S. (2014). The Impact of Early Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury on the Transition to School . (Masters Thesis). University of Waikato. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10289/8701

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hannah, Jessica Shirley. “The Impact of Early Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury on the Transition to School .” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Waikato. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/8701.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hannah, Jessica Shirley. “The Impact of Early Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury on the Transition to School .” 2014. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Hannah JS. The Impact of Early Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury on the Transition to School . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Waikato; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/8701.

Council of Science Editors:

Hannah JS. The Impact of Early Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury on the Transition to School . [Masters Thesis]. University of Waikato; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/8701

University of Waikato

20. Ahie, Liv Marit. Speed Choice, Speed Preference and Risk Perception: Relevance for the Problem of Speed Variability in Traffic .

Degree: 2014, University of Waikato

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/8815

► Fifty percent of drives have been found to frequently violate speed limits (OECD/ECMT, 2006), and speed limit compliance appears to depend on the perceived credibility… (more)

▼ Fifty percent of drives have been found to frequently violate speed limits (OECD/ECMT, 2006), and speed limit compliance appears to depend on the perceived credibility of a road’s speed limit (Goldenbeld & van Schagen, 2007). Credibility of speed limits, in turn, appears to be determined by the match between drivers’ speed preferences and the design of the road (Goldenbeld & van Schagen, 2007). Yet, a challenge has been that not all drivers’ prefer the same speeds, and individual differences with regards to speed preference lead to speed variability and speed conflicts in traffic (Elvik, 2010). The aim of this thesis was to explore whether the speed drivers like to drive when motivated by different driving goals (speed preference) correspond to the speeds that they actually drive on those same roads (speed choice). Additionally, this thesis sought to explore the relationship between speed preference and risk perception. Data was collected in two ways, from a speed gun and from a questionnaire. The speed gun collected on-road measures of driving speeds on seven different roads, while the questionnaire collected measures of drivers’ self-reported speed, speed preference and risk perception. For the speed preference measures, participants were asked what speed they would choose on a given road when: 1) motivated by safety, 2) considering fuel savings, or 3) motivated by fun, and additionally 4) what speed they usually drove on the road. In total 200 drivers were interviewed at five different parking lots, and they referred to the seven roads that were sampled with the speed gun. The results indicated that speed preference helped to explain actual driving speeds. More specifically, drivers’ different driving goals and their large individual differences with regards to speed preference corresponded to different speed choices. No relationship was found, however, between drivers’ speed preferences and their risk perceptions. The results are discussed with regards to implications for the problem of speed variability in traffic. Advisors/Committee Members: Charlton, Samuel G (advisor), Starkey, Nicola J (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Speed Variability; Speed Limit Credibility

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ahie, L. M. (2014). Speed Choice, Speed Preference and Risk Perception: Relevance for the Problem of Speed Variability in Traffic . (Masters Thesis). University of Waikato. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10289/8815

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ahie, Liv Marit. “Speed Choice, Speed Preference and Risk Perception: Relevance for the Problem of Speed Variability in Traffic .” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Waikato. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/8815.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ahie, Liv Marit. “Speed Choice, Speed Preference and Risk Perception: Relevance for the Problem of Speed Variability in Traffic .” 2014. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Ahie LM. Speed Choice, Speed Preference and Risk Perception: Relevance for the Problem of Speed Variability in Traffic . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Waikato; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/8815.

Council of Science Editors:

Ahie LM. Speed Choice, Speed Preference and Risk Perception: Relevance for the Problem of Speed Variability in Traffic . [Masters Thesis]. University of Waikato; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/8815

University of Waikato

21. Hollands, David Michael. Social Competence and Executive Functioning in Adolescents Following a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury .

Degree: 2014, University of Waikato

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/8794

► A traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common injuries sustained by adolescents and a leading cause of death and long-term disability. The… (more)

▼ A traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common injuries sustained by adolescents and a leading cause of death and long-term disability. The vast majority of these cases are mild and yet they can cause a range of difficulties across multiple domains which can negatively impact upon a person’s social functioning. The aim of this study was to determine whether adolescents who have sustained a mild TBI would differ from their uninjured peers in regards to social competence. A secondary aim was to investigate whether there was a relationship between an adolescent’s level of social competence and their executive functioning abilities. This investigation involved a population-based sample of 30 young adolescents who had sustained a mild TBI between the age of 12 and 15 years. Parental and/or self-report ratings of behaviour and executive function, as well as a performance-based measure of cognition were explored at 12 months post-injury. These adolescents were then compared to a community recruited, age-matched sample of their TBI-free peers. A composite scale of social competence based on observable behaviours was formulated. The results showed adolescents with a mild TBI demonstrated greater difficulties with socially competent behaviours compared to their uninjured peers. These difficulties were found to centre around aspect of their behavioural functioning, particularly regarding their regulation and inhibition of behaviour. Higher levels of dysfunction in the mild TBI sample were also found for parental ratings of behaviours associated with executive functions. A relationship between the Social Competence Index and executive function was not found. However, a relationship between the Social Competence Index and composite measures of cognitive functioning was. Suggesting there are more cognitions behind socially competent behaviour than the domain of executive functions alone. These findings highlight the need for post-injury screening for behavioural and social difficulties, with interventions implemented as required, to reduce the risk of on-going social impairment. Advisors/Committee Members: Starkey, Nicola J (advisor), Jones, Kelly (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: mild traumatic brain injury; adolescents; executive functioning; social competence

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Hollands, D. M. (2014). Social Competence and Executive Functioning in Adolescents Following a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury . (Masters Thesis). University of Waikato. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10289/8794

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hollands, David Michael. “Social Competence and Executive Functioning in Adolescents Following a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury .” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Waikato. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/8794.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hollands, David Michael. “Social Competence and Executive Functioning in Adolescents Following a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury .” 2014. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Hollands DM. Social Competence and Executive Functioning in Adolescents Following a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Waikato; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/8794.

Council of Science Editors:

Hollands DM. Social Competence and Executive Functioning in Adolescents Following a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury . [Masters Thesis]. University of Waikato; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/8794

University of Waikato

22. Russ, Leanne Michelle. The consequences of paediatric mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) on executive functioning .

Degree: 2014, University of Waikato

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/9526

► Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of death and disability in children and adults under 35 years of age, and… (more)

▼ Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of death and disability in children and adults under 35 years of age, and is a major health concern worldwide (Anderson, Catroppa, Morse, Haritou, & Rosenfeld, 2001; Babikian & Asarnow, 2009; Feigin, et al., 2013; Langlois, 2005). It is estimated 10 million people are effected worldwide annually (Hyder, Wunderlich, Puvanachandra, Gururaj, & Kobusingye, 2007), and it is projected that TBI will be the third largest cause of global disease burden by 2020 (The Lancet Neurology, 2010). Symptoms of TBI can persist across cognitive, behavioural, emotional, and social domains, regardless of age; pre-school children being particularly vulnerable, due to rapid development of the brain within the first years of life. The main purpose of this study (aim 1) was to determine whether mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) injury in pre-school children had an effect on their normal cognitive development, specifically executive functioning (EF) and the sub domains of inhibitory control and working memory 24 months post injury compared with an age-matched control group. Behavioural functioning was also examined in terms of its relationship to EF (aim 2), specifically addressing both internalising and externalising behaviours and adaptability. Lastly factors that may contribute or be predictive of risk of injury were explored (aim 3), specifically age/maturation of the brain or stage of development, and both parental/environmental factors. Forty four children participated in this population-based study; twenty two were pre-schoolers aged two years of age at the date of injury, and were assessed 24 months post injury and were aged between 4 years – 4 year 11 months. This group was matched by age, gender, and geographical region with a TBI free control group (n=22). Both the parent-rated Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning (BRIEF-P) and the performance based Colour Object Interference and Day & Night tasks (COI & D&N) measures of executive functioning were used to determine any differences between the groups in terms of inhibitory control and working memory. Further parent-rated measures the Behavioural Assessment System for Children (BASC-2) and a screening test (SDQ) were also used to measure behaviour and social and emotional functioning, specifically internalising and externalising behaviour and adaptability. Other parental and environmental measures were used to determine parental mental health; The Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS), the home environment; Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) and the parent child relationship using a parent child interaction observation task (PCI). The study found that pre-schoolers with mTBI exhibited higher levels of internalising, and externalising problem behaviours, and poorer adaptability and EF skills, as evidenced by the associated correlations. However analyses revealed there were no significant differences between the mTBI and control groups in terms of the measures of EF,… Advisors/Committee Members: Starkey, Nicola J (advisor), Jones, Kelly (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: traumatic brain injury; mTBI; paediatric; 24 month post injury; executive functioning; inhibitory control; working memory; preschool

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Russ, L. M. (2014). The consequences of paediatric mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) on executive functioning . (Masters Thesis). University of Waikato. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10289/9526

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Russ, Leanne Michelle. “The consequences of paediatric mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) on executive functioning .” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Waikato. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/9526.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Russ, Leanne Michelle. “The consequences of paediatric mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) on executive functioning .” 2014. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Russ LM. The consequences of paediatric mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) on executive functioning . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Waikato; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/9526.

Council of Science Editors:

Russ LM. The consequences of paediatric mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) on executive functioning . [Masters Thesis]. University of Waikato; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/9526

University of Waikato

23. Evans, Rebecca Sian. Social support, coping strategies and the impact on relationships for adolescents who have experienced cancer .

Degree: 2015, University of Waikato

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/9219

► Adolescence is a period characterised by a number of biological, social and psychological changes. Those facing a cancer diagnosis in adolescence find that they have… (more)

▼ Adolescence is a period characterised by a number of biological, social and psychological changes. Those facing a cancer diagnosis in adolescence find that they have further challenges and changes to deal with, in addition to the normal challenges associated with adolescence. The purpose of this research was to understand the experiences of adolescents who have had cancer. The aim was to examine the impact their illness had on their social relationships, to explore how they coped and found support, and to investigate the impact having cancer had on the developmental tasks associated with adolescence. While there has been extensive literature on these topics internationally, there has been limited research conducted within a New Zealand context. Semi-structured interviews were completed with eight young people who had been diagnosed with cancer between the ages of 13 and 20. These interviews were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. Two topics that seemed to encapsulate the overall experiences of the participants were identified. These topics were coping with cancer and life will never be the same. In addition, seven themes were identified, which included: coping strategies, the importance of social support, obtaining illness related information, cancer as loss, cancer as a time of growth and development, relationships change and after the cancer is gone. The findings of this study highlighted the importance of providing information for adolescents at the right time in their cancer journey. Another major finding in this study was that many young people with cancer felt that their peers were not equipped to deal with their illness or offer support, and as a result many relationships were lost. Despite this, many participants reported that they were able to utilise social support by meeting others with cancer and receiving support from parents, siblings and some peers. Another key finding from this study was that following the completion of treatment, adolescents continue to face a number of challenges. Some of these challenges include dealing with the long term effects of their illness such as infertility or learning to adjust to a new identity as a cancer survivor. While findings in this study suggested that cancer was conceptualised as a time of loss including a loss of identity and a loss of opportunities, all participants were able to identify positive changes as a result of their illness. These changes included a newfound appreciation for life and making the most of opportunities they were provided. This thesis provides recommendations for professionals, agencies and services working with this population to ensure that appropriate emotional and psychological support is continued to be offered to young people and their families, particularly following completion of treatment. There was also a need identified for peers of young people with cancer to be given some sort of education in order to help support their peers through their cancer journey. Advisors/Committee Members: Barber, Carrie Cornsweet (advisor), Starkey, Nicola J (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: adolescent cancer; effect on relationships; social support; adolescence; coping strategies

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APA (6^th Edition):

Evans, R. S. (2015). Social support, coping strategies and the impact on relationships for adolescents who have experienced cancer . (Masters Thesis). University of Waikato. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10289/9219

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Evans, Rebecca Sian. “Social support, coping strategies and the impact on relationships for adolescents who have experienced cancer .” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of Waikato. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/9219.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Evans, Rebecca Sian. “Social support, coping strategies and the impact on relationships for adolescents who have experienced cancer .” 2015. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Evans RS. Social support, coping strategies and the impact on relationships for adolescents who have experienced cancer . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Waikato; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/9219.

Council of Science Editors:

Evans RS. Social support, coping strategies and the impact on relationships for adolescents who have experienced cancer . [Masters Thesis]. University of Waikato; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/9219

University of Waikato

24. Randell, Nastassia Jane Saviah. Driving with Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder: Influences of Demand and Arousal in Real Traffic .

Degree: 2015, University of Waikato

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/9523

► Previous research has indicated a critical role of task demand in determining driving outcomes amongst individuals with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). These findings are derived… (more)

▼ Previous research has indicated a critical role of task demand in determining driving outcomes amongst individuals with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). These findings are derived predominantly from laboratory simulations. The objective of the present study therefore was to investigate the relationship between factors influencing demand and arousal in real traffic, and the performance of drivers medicated (n = 15) and unmedicated for ADHD (n = 12), compared to a control group (n = 17). Self-reported data relating to risky driving behaviours and driving history, and symptoms of ADHD in adulthood were collected. To determine the influence of demand on driving performance and errors, participants navigated a route incorporating rural, urban, residential, and highway environments. Relative to controls, unmedicated ADHD drivers employed fewer safe driving skills (p < .05), committed more inattentive (p < .05), and impatient driving errors (p < .01), and reported engaging in more frequent aggressive violations (p < .05). ADHD was associated with higher rates of crashes (p < .01) and multiple crashes (p = .05). Attesting to the efficacy of stimulant treatment, medicated ADHD driver performance in the present study was comparable to, if not better than controls. While unmedicated drivers undervalued the risk related to driving behaviours predictive of poor outcomes, medicated ADHD drivers largely overestimated the severity of their risky driving (p < .01). Demand was found to significantly impact the performance of unmedicated ADHD drivers particularly. Attention was best during high demand, urban driving. As environmental demand declined, more frequent attentional lapses occasioned increased impairment to performance (p < .01). Relative to drivers of automatic vehicles, high demand manual driving was linked with better hazard detection (p < .05) and overall performance (p < .05) amongst medicated drivers, and safer following distances amongst unmedicated ADHD drivers (p < .05). Apparently distinct driving styles were also revealed between ADHD subtypes. This is the first study to document the impact of factors influencing task demand on ADHD driver performance in real traffic. Further exploration of the present findings could prove fundamental for future strategies of behavioural intervention. Advisors/Committee Members: Charlton, Samuel G (advisor), Starkey, Nicola J (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Driving; Attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder; ADHD

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APA (6^th Edition):

Randell, N. J. S. (2015). Driving with Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder: Influences of Demand and Arousal in Real Traffic . (Masters Thesis). University of Waikato. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10289/9523

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Randell, Nastassia Jane Saviah. “Driving with Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder: Influences of Demand and Arousal in Real Traffic .” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of Waikato. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/9523.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Randell, Nastassia Jane Saviah. “Driving with Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder: Influences of Demand and Arousal in Real Traffic .” 2015. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Randell NJS. Driving with Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder: Influences of Demand and Arousal in Real Traffic . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Waikato; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/9523.

Council of Science Editors:

Randell NJS. Driving with Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder: Influences of Demand and Arousal in Real Traffic . [Masters Thesis]. University of Waikato; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/9523

University of Waikato

25. Willix-Payne, Dawn Joanne. Paediatric Traumatic Brain Injury in New Zealand: Caregiver Knowledge and Media Representations .

Degree: 2015, University of Waikato

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/10006

► Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability in the paediatric population. Even mild TBI may lead to on-going cognitive, behavioural… (more)

▼ Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability in the paediatric population. Even mild TBI may lead to on-going cognitive, behavioural and physical problems. Children are reliant on their caregivers to seek treatment for them, which depends on caregiver knowledge of TBI. The aims of this study were: (a) to investigate the knowledge of New Zealand caregivers about TBI; and (b) to examine the potential contribution of New Zealand newspapers to public knowledge about TBI. Caregivers (205) of primary and intermediate schoolchildren completed a pen-and-paper or online survey containing questions examining their knowledge of TBI terminology, symptoms and facts about concussion/mTBI. A high proportion (61%) of caregivers did not think that a concussion was the same thing as a brain injury. Loss of consciousness (LOC) was the most endorsed symptom of TBI, and 31% of caregivers did not know that a TBI could occur without LOC. Behavioural symptoms of TBI were less well known than physical and cognitive symptoms, and caregivers varied widely in their knowledge of facts about mild TBI/concussion. These results suggest more education is needed. Demographic and predictor variables explained little of the variance in knowledge, suggesting that a general approach to education would be more useful than an approach targeted to specific demographic groups. To evaluate the contribution of the popular press to TBI knowledge, the presence of information about TBI terminology, symptoms and concussion facts in newspaper articles published between January and June in 2009 and 2014 was investigated via quantitative content analysis. The context in which the information was presented was investigated both quantitatively and by qualitative thematic analysis. The use of different terminology for TBI was strongly associated with the section of the newspaper. Articles rarely used ‘brain injury’: ‘head injury’ and ‘concussion’ were the main terms used. ‘Head injury’ was strongly associated with the News section of the newspaper, whereas ‘concussion’ was mainly used in the Sports section. There was very little information on symptoms and concussion facts in newspaper articles. Loss of consciousness was the most commonly mentioned symptom, which is of concern given that a TBI can occur without loss of consciousness. Most of the limited information that was present about concussion was correct. There was more information about concussion in 2014 than in 2009, but there was no increase in symptom information with time. Qualitative analysis revealed that information was present in a context which was supportive of good management of TBI in the sporting context, and which was unsupportive of returning to play too soon after injury. As newspapers represent an important ‘pre-exposure’ source of information about TBI, researchers should work with journalists to improve the level and accuracy of coverage of TBI information in newspapers. In conclusion, further education of caregivers of primary and intermediate school… Advisors/Committee Members: Starkey, Nicola J (advisor), Jones, Kelly (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Traumatic Brain Injury; Paediatric; Symptom knowledge; Media analysis; Caregiver knowledge

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Willix-Payne, D. J. (2015). Paediatric Traumatic Brain Injury in New Zealand: Caregiver Knowledge and Media Representations . (Masters Thesis). University of Waikato. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10289/10006

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Willix-Payne, Dawn Joanne. “Paediatric Traumatic Brain Injury in New Zealand: Caregiver Knowledge and Media Representations .” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of Waikato. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/10006.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Willix-Payne, Dawn Joanne. “Paediatric Traumatic Brain Injury in New Zealand: Caregiver Knowledge and Media Representations .” 2015. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Willix-Payne DJ. Paediatric Traumatic Brain Injury in New Zealand: Caregiver Knowledge and Media Representations . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Waikato; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/10006.

Council of Science Editors:

Willix-Payne DJ. Paediatric Traumatic Brain Injury in New Zealand: Caregiver Knowledge and Media Representations . [Masters Thesis]. University of Waikato; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/10006

University of Waikato

26. Murphy, Karen Jane. What Do Secondary School Rugby Players Think About Concussion? .

Degree: 2015, University of Waikato

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/10099

► Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a dominant and growing public health concern globally. Sport is an arena in which people are at high risk of… (more)

▼ Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a dominant and growing public health concern globally. Sport is an arena in which people are at high risk of TBI. In New Zealand the popular sport of rugby is played by many, particularly during school years. These school aged players are at particular risk of TBI because of the contact nature of the sport and the maturational stage of the brain which is still developing during the teenage years. Moves to increase safety depend on an awareness of what these players know about TBI and their attitude towards TBI. A sample of 456 secondary school rugby players in New Zealand were surveyed to gather information about their knowledge of, and attitude towards concussion. Rugby union and rugby league playing participants were mainly recruited through direct contact with schools. Participants were invited to access the survey online or could complete a paper copy. The survey was made up of items which had already been used in previous studies and this allowed for a comparison of findings with previous research. Some items related to knowledge of concussion while others related to attitude towards concussion, in particular attitudes to returning to play following concussion. Participants had good knowledge of symptoms, and almost all participants knew there was a risk to long term health and a risk of death if a second concussion was sustained before a first concussion had healed. However, there were some gaps in knowledge about treatment and recovery time. Participants self-reported attitudes to concussion were consistently and significantly safer than the attitudes they predicted ‘most players’ would hold. More than half of the participants had a relatively safe attitude to all but one of the items relating to concussion attitude. The least safe attitudes were around who should make a decision to returning to play after concussion and the safety of attitudes declined as the importance of a rugby match increased. Ethnicity consistently influenced knowledge and attitude on all the measures used within the survey. Those identifying as Māori ethnicity scored lower on all knowledge and attitude scales than those identifying as Pakeha ethnicity. Self-rated knowledge of concussion and the number of concussions experienced also had a positive effect on knowledge of concussion. There are several educational tools and regulatory documents aimed at minimising the incidence, severity and outcome of concussion in rugby but there is little research guiding how these resources are tailored to their intended audience in the secondary school population. Also, little is known about the gaps in knowledge and understanding of concussion in this population. It is tentatively stated that the findings from this study could be used to inform strategies which are aimed at increasing knowledge and making attitudes safer in secondary school rugby players in New Zealand. Advisors/Committee Members: Starkey, Nicola J (advisor), Theadom, Alice (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: rugby; concussion

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Murphy, K. J. (2015). What Do Secondary School Rugby Players Think About Concussion? . (Masters Thesis). University of Waikato. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10289/10099

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Murphy, Karen Jane. “What Do Secondary School Rugby Players Think About Concussion? .” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of Waikato. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/10099.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Murphy, Karen Jane. “What Do Secondary School Rugby Players Think About Concussion? .” 2015. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Murphy KJ. What Do Secondary School Rugby Players Think About Concussion? . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Waikato; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/10099.

Council of Science Editors:

Murphy KJ. What Do Secondary School Rugby Players Think About Concussion? . [Masters Thesis]. University of Waikato; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/10099

University of Waikato

27. Giles, Kathryn Jane. Just part of the job: The experiences of parent caregivers caring for adolescents with mild traumatic brain injury .

Degree: 2015, University of Waikato

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/10101

► Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is one of the most frequently occurring injuries during adolescence. Typically care following such injuries is provided informally, by parents… (more)

▼ Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is one of the most frequently occurring injuries during adolescence. Typically care following such injuries is provided informally, by parents and close family members. The requirement for such caregiving is likely to increase as national health policies attempt to balance the growing costs of health-care provision with requirements for culturally responsive care. While studies have shown that caregivers may experience considerable burden, it is increasingly evident that caregiving also has a positive impacts for carers. To date, few studies have evaluated the positive experiences of caregiving. Even less is known about the positive experiences of parents who care for their adolescent children following acute injury events such as mTBI. It is important to understand caregiver experiences more completely as caregiver coping and burden contribute to recovery and adaption to injury. The aim of this study was to describe and understand the experience of caregivers of adolescents aged 10 – 18 years with mTBI. Using a mixed methods approach, existing quantitative data gathered as part of the Brain Injury Outcomes New Zealand in the Community (BIONIC) and Consequences of Brain Injury in Childhood (COBIC) studies of TBI in New Zealand were analysed (mTBI group = 54 caregiver-adolescent dyads, control group = 54 dyads). Semi-structured interviews were then completed with a sample of caregivers of adolescents with mTBI now aged 13 – 16 years recruited from the same source studies (n=10). Interview transcripts were qualitatively assessed using thematic analysis. Quantitative analysis confirmed previous research findings that for the majority, the impacts of mTBI are minimal and typically resolve within the first year with generally positive outcomes. While carers in both groups described caring for adolescents as a predominantly positive experience, caregivers of injured adolescents reported a greater number of positive caregiving experiences. In addition, caregivers of injured adolescents reported significantly greater quality of life related to their physical health two years after injury compared with caregivers of adolescents without mTBI. Thematic analysis of interviews uncovered five core themes underpinning caregiver experiences: initiation; impacts and attributions; accommodation and adjustment; a valued experience; and, just part of the job. These themes revealed the importance of timely and relevant communication from schools and health providers to caregiver’s feelings of competency and to their ongoing relationship with these organisations. Reflecting on their experiences, caregivers valued the opportunities a mTBI created for emotional closeness with adolescents at a challenging time in human development. They also described intrinsic benefits of being able to share wisdom and experiences with others and the practical benefit of developing transferrable skills. Carers viewed their experiences as providing a unique opportunity for personal development through… Advisors/Committee Members: Starkey, Nicola J (advisor), McPherson, Kathryn (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Caregiving; Mild traumatic brain injury

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APA (6^th Edition):

Giles, K. J. (2015). Just part of the job: The experiences of parent caregivers caring for adolescents with mild traumatic brain injury . (Masters Thesis). University of Waikato. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10289/10101

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Giles, Kathryn Jane. “Just part of the job: The experiences of parent caregivers caring for adolescents with mild traumatic brain injury .” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of Waikato. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/10101.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Giles, Kathryn Jane. “Just part of the job: The experiences of parent caregivers caring for adolescents with mild traumatic brain injury .” 2015. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Giles KJ. Just part of the job: The experiences of parent caregivers caring for adolescents with mild traumatic brain injury . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Waikato; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/10101.

Council of Science Editors:

Giles KJ. Just part of the job: The experiences of parent caregivers caring for adolescents with mild traumatic brain injury . [Masters Thesis]. University of Waikato; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/10101

University of Waikato

28. Singh, Satvir. ACT and smoking cessation using a smartphone application (SmartQuit™) .

Degree: 2016, University of Waikato

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/10885

► Acceptance and Commitment Therapy is a third wave behavioural therapy, which encourages individuals to stop fighting their internal experiences (e.g. thoughts, feelings, and memories) and… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: smoking cessation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Singh, S. (2016). ACT and smoking cessation using a smartphone application (SmartQuit™) . (Masters Thesis). University of Waikato. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10289/10885

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Singh, Satvir. “ACT and smoking cessation using a smartphone application (SmartQuit™) .” 2016. Masters Thesis, University of Waikato. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/10885.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Singh, Satvir. “ACT and smoking cessation using a smartphone application (SmartQuit™) .” 2016. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Singh S. ACT and smoking cessation using a smartphone application (SmartQuit™) . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Waikato; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/10885.

Council of Science Editors:

Singh S. ACT and smoking cessation using a smartphone application (SmartQuit™) . [Masters Thesis]. University of Waikato; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/10885

University of Waikato

29. Reid, Matthew Devon. The effect of type 1 diabetes on executive function in young adults .

Degree: 2017, University of Waikato

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/12051

► Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic and potentially life-threatening condition affecting the production of insulin, with rapidly increasing incidence worldwide. The disease impacts… (more)

▼ Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic and potentially life-threatening condition affecting the production of insulin, with rapidly increasing incidence worldwide. The disease impacts on nearly all domains of life, including the physical, social, neurological and psychological. Adequate management of the disease requires careful monitoring and self-care to maintain glycaemic control. Executive function (EF) refers to a cluster of top-down cognitive processes engaged in the planning and completion of goal-directed behaviour allowing an individual to plan their actions, contemplate novel challenges, resist temptation and focus attention while avoiding distracting stimuli. Young adulthood represents an important developmental stage during which robust EF is essential. Previously limited research has explored the impact of T1DM on EF specifically within a young adult population. The current study recruited a sample of young adults between the ages of 16 and 24 withT1DM (n=14) and an age and gender matched control group (n=14) of non-diabetic individuals. Groups were assessed on measures of EF while maintaining blood glucose levels within a euglycaemic range. The central aims of the study were to compare and contrast the diabetic and control group EF performance, and to explore the relationship between diabetic related variables and measures of EF. It was found that the diabetic group committed significantly more errors than the control group on a test of set-shifting ability. It was also found that the relationship between performance-based tests of EF and a rating scale measure of EF was unique to each group. HbA1c, a measure of longer term glycaemic control, was found to be significantly related to a rating scale measure of EF but not performance-based measures. It was also found that mean blood glucose level during assessment was significantly related to performance on measures of working memory. Despite a limited sample size, the findings suggest that in a young adult population there is some evidence that T1DM is related to impairments in certain areas of EF — including set-shifting, inhibition and the higher-level construct of problem-solving ability. Future research could extend these findings by specifically exploring the relationship between trail-making tasks and rating scales of EF, examining the role of hot EF in diabetes self-care, and determining the sensitivity of specific EF to subtle changes in blood glucose within a euglycaemic range. Advisors/Committee Members: Starkey, Nicola J (advisor), Isler, Robert B (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: executive function; type 1 diabetes; young adult

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Reid, M. D. (2017). The effect of type 1 diabetes on executive function in young adults . (Masters Thesis). University of Waikato. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10289/12051

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Reid, Matthew Devon. “The effect of type 1 diabetes on executive function in young adults .” 2017. Masters Thesis, University of Waikato. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/12051.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Reid, Matthew Devon. “The effect of type 1 diabetes on executive function in young adults .” 2017. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Reid MD. The effect of type 1 diabetes on executive function in young adults . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Waikato; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/12051.

Council of Science Editors:

Reid MD. The effect of type 1 diabetes on executive function in young adults . [Masters Thesis]. University of Waikato; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/12051

University of Waikato

30. Roopra, Tara Kaur. Implicit and explicit attitudes and beliefs towards male and female leaders in New Zealand organizations .

Degree: 2017, University of Waikato

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/11178

► This research aims to present insight into current gender leader beliefs, in New Zealand. In particular the research design supported the inclusion of both implicit… (more)

▼ This research aims to present insight into current gender leader beliefs, in New Zealand. In particular the research design supported the inclusion of both implicit and explicit measures of gender leader beliefs, in order to analyse the difference between what we say (explicit) and what we believe (implicit). The study quantified the implicit and explicit beliefs and attitudes towards leaders in New Zealand organizations based on leader gender, in addition to, examining the relationship between the responses to these measures. Furthermore, this study sought to understand how current women leaders influence employee’s implicit gender leader beliefs. That is, it assessed whether organizational factors, such as, direct report’s gender and organizational leadership profile, have the potential to influence implicit gender leader beliefs. To achieve this the study utilised an online version of the Gender Leader Implicit Association Test (GL-IAT) and a series of questionnaires. Participants were recruited from organizations across New Zealand via an online survey sent to a number of organizations including both private and public organizations (e.g., AUT, Bell Gully, Russell McVeagh, Free FM, Bay of Plenty DHB, Hawkes Bay DHB, TompkinsWake, the University of Waikato). 552 valid participants responded (male = 26.4%, female = 73.6%), with the majority working full time (42.2%). Both implicit and explicit measures were subject to SSPS analysis etc. A variation of Implicit Association Test (IAT), the GL-IAT, which measures people’s unconscious beliefs towards males and females as leaders (Dasgupta & Asgari, 2004) was used to assess implicit gender leader beliefs. The IAT records response times pairing target categories (e.g., “Josh” and “Emily”) with attribute labels (e.g., “Leader” and “Supporter”). Faster responses indicate the target category and attribute label are highly implicitly associated, whereas slower responses indicate the target category and attribute label are less implicitly associated (Greenwald, Nosek, & Banaji, 2003). Three surveys that explicitly measure gender equality beliefs and attitudes, the Gender Equality Scale (GEAS) (Houkamau & Boxall, 2011), Women as Managers Scale (WAMS) (Peters, Terborg, & Taynor, 1974), and the Gender Leader Index (GLI) (Rudman & Kilianski, 2000), were used to measure explicit beliefs and attitudes regarding men and women as leaders. The research demonstrated that, despite self-reporting explicitly positive attitudes towards leaders, our implicitly held stereotypes associate men with leaders, more so than women, and women with supporters, more so than men. Surprisingly, female direct reports or saturation of female senior leaders were not found to influence follower’s implicit gender bias, it is likely that the more that females are accepted into leadership roles, the easier it will become for women pursuing and performing leadership roles. The results of this study emphasise, to practitioners, Human Resource (HR) managers and researchers, that the scarcity of… Advisors/Committee Members: Roche, Maree A (advisor), Starkey, Nicola J (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Leadership; Gender bias

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Roopra, T. K. (2017). Implicit and explicit attitudes and beliefs towards male and female leaders in New Zealand organizations . (Masters Thesis). University of Waikato. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10289/11178

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Roopra, Tara Kaur. “Implicit and explicit attitudes and beliefs towards male and female leaders in New Zealand organizations .” 2017. Masters Thesis, University of Waikato. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/11178.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Roopra, Tara Kaur. “Implicit and explicit attitudes and beliefs towards male and female leaders in New Zealand organizations .” 2017. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Roopra TK. Implicit and explicit attitudes and beliefs towards male and female leaders in New Zealand organizations . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Waikato; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/11178.

Council of Science Editors:

Roopra TK. Implicit and explicit attitudes and beliefs towards male and female leaders in New Zealand organizations . [Masters Thesis]. University of Waikato; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/11178

Open Access Theses and Dissertations