You searched for +publisher:"University of Texas – Austin" +contributor:("Novoselac, Atila").
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University of Texas – Austin
1.
-3921-6063.
Evaluation of lighting conditions in portable classrooms and analysis for alternative daylighting systems.
Degree: MSin Engineering, Architectural engineering, 2016, University of Texas – Austin
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/45639 
► Lighting conditions in multiple classrooms in central Texas were assessed, and the feasibility of improving portable classroom daylighting via alternative daylighting systems was also evaluated.…
(more)
▼ Lighting conditions in multiple classrooms in central
Texas were assessed, and the feasibility of improving portable classroom daylighting via alternative daylighting systems was also evaluated. Results indicate that surveyed portable classrooms generally provide sufficient levels of light with artificial lighting systems, but have less uniform lighting distribution than permanent classrooms. To evaluate the daylight availability in portable classrooms, a model was developed and verified using field data. Climate-based daylighting simulation was performed using DIVA for Rhino, which uses Radiance and DAYSIM as simulation engines. Results from the annual daylighting analysis suggest that limited amounts of daylight were available in portable classrooms over the course of a year. In order to assess the feasibility of improving portable classroom daylighting conditions, parametric studies were completed to investigate how different factors affect the levels of light in classrooms. Simulation results suggest that increasing window area and higher window placement allow more light into the classroom. Different external shading systems also affect the indoor daylight level. However, the impact of other factors, including building orientation, ceiling-to-floor height, and classroom length-to-width ratio is minimal. While changing the window systems for an existing portable building can require a large construction effort and financial commitment, retrofitting with tubular skylights is a more approachable option. Daylighting analysis shows eight 356-mm (14-inch) diameter tubular skylights can provide the portable classroom with a sufficient light level for more than 60% of occupied hours. When daylighting alone cannot provide sufficient light, lighting control will successfully combine a daylighting system and an artificial lighting system to provide an adequate lighting environment.
Advisors/Committee Members: Novoselac, Atila (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Daylighting; Portable classrooms
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APA (6th Edition):
-3921-6063. (2016). Evaluation of lighting conditions in portable classrooms and analysis for alternative daylighting systems. (Masters Thesis). University of Texas – Austin. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152/45639
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
-3921-6063. “Evaluation of lighting conditions in portable classrooms and analysis for alternative daylighting systems.” 2016. Masters Thesis, University of Texas – Austin. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2152/45639.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
-3921-6063. “Evaluation of lighting conditions in portable classrooms and analysis for alternative daylighting systems.” 2016. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Vancouver:
-3921-6063. Evaluation of lighting conditions in portable classrooms and analysis for alternative daylighting systems. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Texas – Austin; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/45639.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Council of Science Editors:
-3921-6063. Evaluation of lighting conditions in portable classrooms and analysis for alternative daylighting systems. [Masters Thesis]. University of Texas – Austin; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/45639
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
University of Texas – Austin
2.
-9493-9593.
Experimental study on air change effectiveness in mixing ventilation.
Degree: MSin Engineering, Architectural engineering, 2016, University of Texas – Austin
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/38625
► Providing occupant comfort and health with minimized use of energy is the ultimate purpose of heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) system. Building ventilation directly…
(more)
▼ Providing occupant comfort and health with minimized use of energy is the ultimate purpose of heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) system. Building ventilation directly affects indoor air quality, and it influences occupant’s heath and productivity. Mixing ventilation is the most common air distribution system, and often the same diffusers provide space cooling and heating. Air distribution with all-air-heating is one of the major challenges for mixing ventilation as temperature stratification and corresponding low ventilation effectiveness may appear. The two objectives of this research were to: (1) provide design criterion for diffuser selection and location considering both thermal comfort and ventilation, emphasis on heating conditions. (2) assess the procedure of evaluating air change effectiveness in the current standard, especially focusing the variance of local air change effectiveness. The study used experimental measurements in a full-scale test room. CO2 tracer gas decay tests were conducted to simultaneously measure age of air at 18 locations in the test room with various types of ceiling diffusers, T0.25/L (air flow rates) and internal loads. Analysis of the experiments regarding first objective showed that the air change effectiveness was significantly decreased when T0.25/L went small under heating conditions. The range of air change effectiveness and the temperature effectiveness were 0.56 to 0.87 and 0.58 to 0.75 respectively within the recommended range of T0.25/L regarding ADPI. Regardless of diffuser type, air change effectiveness and the temperature effectiveness was close to or higher than 1.00 under cooling conditions. The range of T0.25/L that can achieve good mixing under heating condition was significantly shorter than the one under cooling mode. Regarding second objective, the variance analysis showed the vertical, horizontal and overall variance of local air change effectiveness was minimal in mixing ventilation. The variance of air change effectiveness in the occupied space of the room with ceiling diffusers was less than 16% in most of the cases, which is slightly larger than the experiments' uncertainty. Furthermore, the newly developed correlation of thermal effectiveness and air change effectiveness considered to be useful as an alternative method to interpret air change efficiency.
Advisors/Committee Members: Novoselac, Atila (advisor), Corsi, Richard L. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Ventilation effectiveness; Mixing ventilation; Tracer gas; All air heating; ADPI
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APA (6th Edition):
-9493-9593. (2016). Experimental study on air change effectiveness in mixing ventilation. (Masters Thesis). University of Texas – Austin. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152/38625
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
-9493-9593. “Experimental study on air change effectiveness in mixing ventilation.” 2016. Masters Thesis, University of Texas – Austin. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2152/38625.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
-9493-9593. “Experimental study on air change effectiveness in mixing ventilation.” 2016. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Vancouver:
-9493-9593. Experimental study on air change effectiveness in mixing ventilation. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Texas – Austin; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/38625.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Council of Science Editors:
-9493-9593. Experimental study on air change effectiveness in mixing ventilation. [Masters Thesis]. University of Texas – Austin; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/38625
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
University of Texas – Austin
3.
Gagnon, Kyle Richard.
Performance of cladding and waterproofing materials.
Degree: MSin Engineering, Civil engineering, 2016, University of Texas – Austin
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/46152
► The long-term performance of the materials that create the building envelope is essential to the long-term durability of buildings and structures. This thesis summarizes published…
(more)
▼ The long-term performance of the materials that create the building envelope is essential to the long-term durability of buildings and structures. This thesis summarizes published literature on various cladding and waterproofing materials. In addition, the research involved in the creation of this thesis evaluated several performance aspects of these components. Code requirements for anchored masonry veneer were tabulated and compared against requirements in the specification. It was determined that not all code requirements are also found in the specification. It is recommended that the specifier, whether and Engineer or an Architect, specify those code requirements which are not in the specification. Materials testing of exterior plaster mixtures specified in ASTM C926 was completed. Prisms and cubes were cast to determine the drying shrinkage potential and compressive strength of various plaster mixtures. This information can be useful when determining suitable control joints and their required spacing for a given mix. The crack-bridging ability of fluid-applied weather resistive barriers was evaluated using a new test method. This test method has not been published and is very similar to ASTM C1305, a test method for other fluid-applied waterproofing membranes. It was determined that ASTM C1305 may not be suitable for all fluid-applied products since thicknesses vary between manufacturers. Different asphalt impregnated membranes including roofing felt and building paper were installed on a mock-up for long term exposure. Research was performed as to the long-term performance of each of the products. It was determined that both paper and felt comply with code requirements and should be chosen when they have the greatest advantages for the given building envelope system. A large-scale test was performed on clear penetrating water repellents. These were applied to a suitable substrate and evaluated for their ability to resist water infiltration. Many of these products are highly effective at reducing the amount of water absorption. Prolonged UV exposure will shed light as to the long-term durability of these products. This research is part of an ongoing project at The
University of
Texas at Austin’s Durability Lab. Ongoing testing that began previously, including water resistive barriers mock-ups, nail sealability, and elastomeric sealants, have not been included in this thesis.
Advisors/Committee Members: Novoselac, Atila (advisor), Fowler, David W. (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Waterproofing; Building envelope
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APA (6th Edition):
Gagnon, K. R. (2016). Performance of cladding and waterproofing materials. (Masters Thesis). University of Texas – Austin. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152/46152
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Gagnon, Kyle Richard. “Performance of cladding and waterproofing materials.” 2016. Masters Thesis, University of Texas – Austin. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2152/46152.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Gagnon, Kyle Richard. “Performance of cladding and waterproofing materials.” 2016. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Gagnon KR. Performance of cladding and waterproofing materials. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Texas – Austin; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/46152.
Council of Science Editors:
Gagnon KR. Performance of cladding and waterproofing materials. [Masters Thesis]. University of Texas – Austin; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/46152
University of Texas – Austin
4.
-9887-0263.
Durability of building envelope materials.
Degree: MSin Engineering, Civil Engineering, 2018, University of Texas – Austin
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/63561
► This thesis is part of a series of documents that presents some research on different topics that are being conducted at The Durability Lab of…
(more)
▼ This thesis is part of a series of documents that presents some research on different topics that are being conducted at The Durability Lab of The
University of
Texas consisting of groundbreaking research focused on the durability of building envelope materials used in construction. Behavior of stucco was analyzed when different construction joint configurations were used, Strict and Compromise cases (accepted by the ASTM standard) and Usual case (often used in construction). These cases were used, in a wall constructed at the exposure site at The
University of
Texas Pickle Research Campus to compare the joint opening widths due to temperature and weather conditions by installing gage points on both sides of the construction joints. Water-resistive barrier testing is ongoing as well as nail sealability testing, observations on the performance of products exposed on mockups are being made and the new implementation of the ASTM D7349, Standard Test Method for Determining the Capability of Roofing and Waterproofing Materials to Seal around Fasteners, regarding nail sealability is presented. Building sealants are crucial when avoiding water to get inside buildings through the perimeters of doors and windows principally. Long-term testing is being done based on ASTM C1589, Standard Practice for Outdoor Weathering of Construction Seals and Sealants Procedure C, and important trends are presented after observation and data analysis of the gathered information. Important takeaways from water-repellent testing are listed considering the behavior and performance of water-repellents based on the effects of UV radiation and weather conditions, as well as the active component and the type of water-repellent. Construction tapes and flashings are vital in many water-resistive barrier systems, since they seal around all penetrations to provide a complete waterproofing system. Test of construction tapes and flashings has been performed mainly based on ASTM D3654, Standard Test Methods for Shear Adhesion of Pressure-Sensitive Tapes, considering different types of tapes and different substrates. Lastly, the effect of surfactants on the performance of building paper were observed, two different conditions were evaluated: the presence of surfactants on stucco mixes and admixtures, and the presence of surfactants on detergents and soaps used to clean the outer part of buildings. Some other, but no less important research topics, are ongoing, including properties of plaster mixtures, pedestrian membranes, and elastomeric wall coatings.
Advisors/Committee Members: Novoselac, Atila (advisor), Fowler, David W. (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Durability; Building envelope; Building envelope materials
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APA (6th Edition):
-9887-0263. (2018). Durability of building envelope materials. (Masters Thesis). University of Texas – Austin. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152/63561
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
-9887-0263. “Durability of building envelope materials.” 2018. Masters Thesis, University of Texas – Austin. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2152/63561.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
-9887-0263. “Durability of building envelope materials.” 2018. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Vancouver:
-9887-0263. Durability of building envelope materials. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Texas – Austin; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/63561.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Council of Science Editors:
-9887-0263. Durability of building envelope materials. [Masters Thesis]. University of Texas – Austin; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/63561
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
University of Texas – Austin
5.
Gunther, Megan Amelia.
A test method for measuring the ozone emission of in-duct air cleaners.
Degree: MSin Engineering, Architectural Engineering, 2011, University of Texas – Austin
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-12-4898
► There are many U.S. health-related standards for ozone that aim to limit exposure to ozone. The potential for ozone emission from electrically connected air cleaners…
(more)
▼ There are many U.S. health-related standards for ozone that aim to limit exposure to ozone. The potential for ozone emission from electrically connected air cleaners is well- known and has led to standards and regulations for portable indoor air cleaning devices, which emit ozone at measured rates of 0.056 – 13.4 mg/hr. However, there is evidence that some in-duct air cleaners may actually emit more ozone than portable air cleaners, despite being exempt from most regulations due to the lack of a suitable test method for measuring ozone generation. To explore if in-duct cleaners actually do emit ozone, I investigated seven commercially available residential in-duct air cleaning devices. These devices used one of two broad technologies as means of air cleaning: UV light or electrical corona. The lowest measured emission rates came from two air cleaners that utilized UV light technology and were 0.309 ± 1.7 mg/hr, which was likely below the detection limit of the apparatus and method, and 4.29± 1.5 mg/hr. Three of the air cleaners tested, also with UV lamps, were of the same brand and model yet exhibited differing emission rates, ranging from 7.44± 1.6 mg/hr to 15.8± 2.6 mg/hr. These three air cleaners were classified as medium emitters and also utilized UV light technology. The high median measured emission rates were measured from both an air cleaner utilizing electrical corona technology, 30.2 ± 4.0 mg/hr, and UV light technology, 29.4 ± 3.9 mg/hr. These experimental results confirm that some in-duct air cleaners are able to generate more ozone than some portable air cleaners and also suggest potential health risks to the indoor environment.
Advisors/Committee Members: Novoselac, Atila (advisor), Siegel, Jeffrey A. (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Ozone; Emission rate; Electrostatic precipitators; Ultraviolet lights
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APA (6th Edition):
Gunther, M. A. (2011). A test method for measuring the ozone emission of in-duct air cleaners. (Masters Thesis). University of Texas – Austin. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-12-4898
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Gunther, Megan Amelia. “A test method for measuring the ozone emission of in-duct air cleaners.” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Texas – Austin. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-12-4898.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Gunther, Megan Amelia. “A test method for measuring the ozone emission of in-duct air cleaners.” 2011. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Gunther MA. A test method for measuring the ozone emission of in-duct air cleaners. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Texas – Austin; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-12-4898.
Council of Science Editors:
Gunther MA. A test method for measuring the ozone emission of in-duct air cleaners. [Masters Thesis]. University of Texas – Austin; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-12-4898
6.
Rim, Donghyun.
Evaluation of human exposure to indoor airborne pollutants : transport and fate of particulate and gaseous pollutants.
Degree: PhD, Civil Engineering, 2009, University of Texas – Austin
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/18395
► Building environmental conditions such as ventilation and contaminant concentrations are important factors that influence occupant health and comfort. The objective of the present work is…
(more)
▼ Building environmental conditions such as ventilation and contaminant concentrations are important factors that influence occupant health and comfort. The objective of the present work is to investigate how personal exposure to gaseous and particulate pollutants depends on indoor airflow, source characteristics, and occupant activity in commercial and residential environments. The study examines airflow and pollutant transport using experimental measurements in conjunction with computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The results demonstrate that breathing has a measurable influence on the airflow in an occupant breathing zone, but it has very small impacts on the occupant thermal plume. The results also show that breathing can significantly affect inhaled particle concentrations, even though the influence varies with source position and particle size. Also, localized hand motions of a sitting manikin do not significantly disrupt the upward thermal plume. In typical US residences, forced convection driven mixing airflow or buoyancy driven stratified airflow occurs depending on the HVAC fan operation (fan on or fan off, respectively). The measured transition period between mixing flow (fan on) and stratified flow (fan off) is approximately one minute, implying that most airflow in the residence is either dominated by mixing or stratification. A high level of exposure to short-term pollutant sources, such as resuspension of particles from floor surfaces due to human activity, more likely occurs with stratified flow than with highly mixed airflow. This is due to the strong influence of the occupant thermal plume that transports the pollutants into the breathing zone. Furthermore, by transporting air containing ozone across the reactive occupant surface, the occupant thermal plume has a large effect on exposure to ozone reaction products. Due to the reaction of ozone with the skin oils and clothing surfaces, the occupant surface boundary layer becomes depleted of ozone and conversely enriched with ozone reaction products. The parameter ventilation effectiveness quantifies the effectiveness of airflow distribution and can be used for assessment of exposure to gaseous pollutants. Based on the study results, the usefulness of ventilation effectiveness as an indicator of exposure to particulate pollutants depends on the particle size. For small particles (~1 [mu]m), an increase of ventilation effectives caused a decrease in occupant exposure, while for large particles (~7 [mu]m), source location and airflow around the pollutant source are significant factors for the exposure, and the ventilation effectiveness has very little to no effect.
Advisors/Committee Members: Novoselac, Atila (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Indoor air pollution – Research; Air flow; Respiration – Environmental aspects; Plumes (Fluid dynamics); Ventilation; Computational fluid dynamics
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APA (6th Edition):
Rim, D. (2009). Evaluation of human exposure to indoor airborne pollutants : transport and fate of particulate and gaseous pollutants. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Texas – Austin. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152/18395
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Rim, Donghyun. “Evaluation of human exposure to indoor airborne pollutants : transport and fate of particulate and gaseous pollutants.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Texas – Austin. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2152/18395.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Rim, Donghyun. “Evaluation of human exposure to indoor airborne pollutants : transport and fate of particulate and gaseous pollutants.” 2009. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Rim D. Evaluation of human exposure to indoor airborne pollutants : transport and fate of particulate and gaseous pollutants. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2009. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/18395.
Council of Science Editors:
Rim D. Evaluation of human exposure to indoor airborne pollutants : transport and fate of particulate and gaseous pollutants. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/18395
7.
Liu, Shichao, active 21st century.
The effects of indoor jets on air distribution and human exposure to particles.
Degree: PhD, Civil Engineering, 2014, University of Texas – Austin
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/28349
► Indoor jets considerably dominate air movement and distribution of temperature and velocity, as well as transport of particles and other pollutants. Indoor air temperature and…
(more)
▼ Indoor jets considerably dominate air movement and distribution of temperature and velocity, as well as transport of particles and other pollutants. Indoor air temperature and velocity distribution substantially impact occupants’ thermal comfort and productivity, heat and mass transfer on indoor surfaces. In addition, jets produced by human respiratory activities, such as coughing and sneezing, enhance the spread of particles that might carry bacteria or viruses. Understanding and characterizing indoor jets and their impacts on air distribution, temperature and velocity fields, and particle transport are crucial for advancing heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems when considering thermal comfort and developing strategies for exposure mitigation. This dissertation contributes to the scientific understanding regarding to indoor air distribution and particle transport associated with indoor air jets. Current HVAC system design defines indoor air distribution related to the selection of diffusers/ grilles that distribute supply air jets, according to the specifics of the space and internal heating and cooling loads. However, current design guidance was developed over 40 years ago. It requires expansion of diffuser/ grille types and the update for air distribution by diffuser/ grille air jets supplying warm air at heating mode. Unlike jets from diffusers/ grilles, jets created by human activities are inherently transient in nature and might perform quite differently from steady-state ones. Understanding the dynamics of unsteady-state jets, such as coughs, enhances the current state of understanding of the mechanisms of respiratory disease transmission, which enables development of exposure reduction measures. The investigations presented in this dissertation extend the state-of-the-art knowledge on indoor jets and analyze the effect of steady-state and unsteady-state jets on particle transport in indoor environments. Figure 1 illustrates the two objectives and six investigations conducted in this dissertation. The first objective includes four investigations that address air distribution and particle transport associated with steady-state jets created by diffusers/ grilles, and the remaining two investigations relate to the second objective on unsteady-state cough jets. The first objective of this dissertation characterizes air distribution and particle transport in a space with steady-state jets created by diffusers/ grilles. One of the major contributions of this objective to the-state-of-the-art knowledge on indoor air distribution is the newly developed method for diffuser performance assessment and design when considering heating mode. It advances the current diffuser/ grille selection guide that was outdated decades ago. Furthermore, based on 650 experimental set-ups this objective provides a systematic analysis of indoor air velocity that can be further used in indoor heat transfer and pollutant emission and transport. The second objective investigates velocity fields in unsteady-state…
Advisors/Committee Members: Novoselac, Atila (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Diffuser/ grilles; Jets; ADPI; Cough; Particle
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APA (6th Edition):
Liu, Shichao, a. 2. c. (2014). The effects of indoor jets on air distribution and human exposure to particles. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Texas – Austin. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152/28349
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Liu, Shichao, active 21st century. “The effects of indoor jets on air distribution and human exposure to particles.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Texas – Austin. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2152/28349.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Liu, Shichao, active 21st century. “The effects of indoor jets on air distribution and human exposure to particles.” 2014. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Liu, Shichao a2c. The effects of indoor jets on air distribution and human exposure to particles. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/28349.
Council of Science Editors:
Liu, Shichao a2c. The effects of indoor jets on air distribution and human exposure to particles. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/28349
8.
Clark, Jordan Douglas.
Modeling of transport processes for the reduction of energy use in commercial buildings.
Degree: PhD, Civil Engineering, 2013, University of Texas – Austin
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/23146
► Buildings are responsible for over a third of the energy consumption in the United States annually. This energy consumption contributes to some of the most…
(more)
▼ Buildings are responsible for over a third of the energy consumption in the United States annually. This energy consumption contributes to some of the most pressing problems facing our society. Modeling of buildings and their systems is an integral part of most strategies for reduction of energy use in buildings. Modeling allows for informed building designs, optimization of systems, and greater market acceptance of new energy-saving technologies. This work addresses two particular modeling applications concerned with reduction of energy usage in buildings: convective heat transfer modeling in perimeter zones, and liquid desiccant dehumidification modeling.
The first objective of this work is concerned with modeling convective transport in buildings and creation of inputs for energy modeling programs and passive pollutant removal calculations. This is accomplished through four investigations. In the first investigation, the influence of floor diffusers on convection heat transfer at perimeter zone windows in commercial buildings is measured. In the second, the impact of blinds on convection under a variety of circumstances is quantified. In the third, movement of air jets issuing from floor diffusers is predicted, and the effect of buoyancy on convective heat transfer at perimeter zone surfaces is analyzed. In the fourth investigation, convective mass transfer at indoor surfaces is investigated. Full scale experiments were conducted in support of these four investigations and semi-empirical correlations
vii
consistent with theory are given to predict jet movement and convective transport under a variety of circumstances.
The second objective of this dissertation is concerned with modeling and analysis of liquid desiccant dehumidification systems and is pursued through three additional investigations. The first is concerned with modeling small-scale transport within the channels of a liquid desiccant absorber and regenerator. Physical and empirical models are developed which agree well with laboratory data. During the second investigation, a dynamic model of a liquid desiccant dehumidification system is developed and integrated into a full-building energy simulation. This is used to assess the potential applicability of the system in supermarkets in various climates. The models developed are used to optimize the system and develop a procedure to size components in the final investigation.
Advisors/Committee Members: Novoselac, Atila (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Buildings; Energy modeling; Heat transfer; Mass transfer; Liquid desiccant
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APA (6th Edition):
Clark, J. D. (2013). Modeling of transport processes for the reduction of energy use in commercial buildings. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Texas – Austin. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152/23146
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Clark, Jordan Douglas. “Modeling of transport processes for the reduction of energy use in commercial buildings.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Texas – Austin. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2152/23146.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Clark, Jordan Douglas. “Modeling of transport processes for the reduction of energy use in commercial buildings.” 2013. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Clark JD. Modeling of transport processes for the reduction of energy use in commercial buildings. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/23146.
Council of Science Editors:
Clark JD. Modeling of transport processes for the reduction of energy use in commercial buildings. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/23146
University of Texas – Austin
9.
Motamedi, Sara.
Energy analysis of toplighting strategies for office buildings in Austin.
Degree: MSin Sustainable Design, Sustainable Design, 2012, University of Texas – Austin
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/20030
► The purpose of this study is to determine the energy impacts of daylighing through toplights in a hot humid climate. Daylight in the working environment…
(more)
▼ The purpose of this study is to determine the energy impacts of daylighing through toplights in a hot humid climate. Daylight in the working environment improves the quality of the space, and productivity of employees. In addition, natural light is a free energy resource. On one hand, a proper design of daylight such as distributed toplights can reduce the electrical lighting consumption. On the other hand, in a hot climate like
Austin heat gain is a major concern.
Therefore, this thesis is shaped around this question: Can toplighting strategies save energy in
Austin despite the fact that buildings receive more direct heat gain through toplights?
The importance of daylighting is more revealed since electrical lighting takes up a significant portion of the total building energy use (21%). In this thesis I investigated the reduction of lighting electricity and compared that with the total effects of toplights on external conductance, lighting heat gain and solar gain. The results of my thesis show that regarding the site energy a proper toplighting strategy can save electrical lighting up to (70%) with smaller impact on heating and cooling loads. This means that toplights generally can be energy efficient alternatives for a one storey office building. Developing my research I studied which toplights are more efficient: north sawtooth roofs, south sawtooth roofs, monitor roofs or very simple skylights. I compared different toplighting strategies and provided a design guide containing graphs of site energy, source energy, annual cost saving per square feet, as well as light distribution of each toplight. I believe this can accelerate implementation of efficient toplighting strategies in the design process.
Concluding how significantly efficient daylighting is over heat gain, I finalized my research by comparison of skylights with different visible transmission (VT) and solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC). The major result of this thesis is that proper toplighting strategies can save energy despite the increased solar gain. It is anticipated that the thesis findings will promote the implementation of toplighting strategies and higher VT glass type in the energy efficient building industry.
Advisors/Committee Members: Garrison, Michael (advisor), Novoselac, Atila (committee member), Whitsett, Dason (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Toplighting; Energy efficiency; Offices; Building loads
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APA (6th Edition):
Motamedi, S. (2012). Energy analysis of toplighting strategies for office buildings in Austin. (Masters Thesis). University of Texas – Austin. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152/20030
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Motamedi, Sara. “Energy analysis of toplighting strategies for office buildings in Austin.” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of Texas – Austin. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2152/20030.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Motamedi, Sara. “Energy analysis of toplighting strategies for office buildings in Austin.” 2012. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Motamedi S. Energy analysis of toplighting strategies for office buildings in Austin. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Texas – Austin; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/20030.
Council of Science Editors:
Motamedi S. Energy analysis of toplighting strategies for office buildings in Austin. [Masters Thesis]. University of Texas – Austin; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/20030
University of Texas – Austin
10.
Yoon, Ji Hoon.
Demand side load control in residential buildings with HVAC controller for demand response.
Degree: PhD, Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2015, University of Texas – Austin
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/46552
► Demand Response (DR) is a key factor to increase the efficiency of the power grid and has the potential to facilitate supply-demand balance. Demand side…
(more)
▼ Demand Response (DR) is a key factor to increase the efficiency of the power grid and has the potential to facilitate supply-demand balance. Demand side load control can contribute to reduce electricity consumption through DR programs. Especially, Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) load is one of the major contributors to peak loads. In the United States, HVAC systems are the largest consumers of electrical energy and a major
contributor to peak demand. In this research, the Dynamic Demand Response Controller (DDRC) is proposed to reduce peak load as well as saves electricity cost while maintaining reasonable thermal comfort by controlling HVAC system. To reduce both peak load and energy cost, DDRC controls the set-point temperature in a thermostat depending on real-time price of electricity. Residential buildings are modeled with various internal loads using building energy modeling tools. The weather data in different climate zones are used to demonstrate that DDRC decreases peak loads and brings economic benefit in various locations. In addition, two different types of electricity wholesale markets are used to generate DR signals. To assess the performance of DDRC, the control algorithms are improved to consider the characteristics of building envelopes and HVAC equipment. Also, DDRC is designed to be deployed in various areas with different electricity wholesale markets. The indoor thermal comfort on temperature and humidity are considered based on ASHRAE standard 55. Finally, DDRC is developed to a hardware using embedded system. The hardware of DDRC is based on Advanced RISC Microcontroller (ARM) processor and senses both indoor and outdoor environment with Internet connection capability for DR. In addition, user friendly Graphic User Interface (GUI) is generated to control DDRC.
Advisors/Committee Members: Baldick, Ross (advisor), Novoselac, Atila (advisor), Arapostathis, Aristotle (committee member), Liedl, Petra G (committee member), Kwasinski, Alexis (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Smart grid; Demand response; Real-time price; HVAC; Thermostat
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APA (6th Edition):
Yoon, J. H. (2015). Demand side load control in residential buildings with HVAC controller for demand response. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Texas – Austin. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152/46552
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Yoon, Ji Hoon. “Demand side load control in residential buildings with HVAC controller for demand response.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Texas – Austin. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2152/46552.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Yoon, Ji Hoon. “Demand side load control in residential buildings with HVAC controller for demand response.” 2015. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Yoon JH. Demand side load control in residential buildings with HVAC controller for demand response. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/46552.
Council of Science Editors:
Yoon JH. Demand side load control in residential buildings with HVAC controller for demand response. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/46552
University of Texas – Austin
11.
Perez, Krystian Xavier.
Analysis, modeling and optimization of residential energy use from smart meter data.
Degree: PhD, Chemical engineering, 2016, University of Texas – Austin
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/46454
► Approximately 38% of electricity consumption within the United States can be attributed to residential buildings, a vast share of which is in heating, ventilation and…
(more)
▼ Approximately 38% of electricity consumption within the United States can be attributed to residential buildings, a vast share of which is in heating, ventilation and cooling. The load placed on the grid by residential consumers is highly variable and strongly influenced by weather and human activity patterns. Meeting fluctuations in demand is challenging and expensive for electricity producers and grid operators. Reducing variability in residential energy use can contribute significantly to increasing the uniformity of energy demand on the grid and diminish reliance on inefficient, polluting “peaking” plants that are used to meet extremely high demands. Achieving this goal requires tight coordination between energy consumption and generation, as well as the means to store energy generated in periods of low demand for use during the time intervals when consumer demand peaks. There is a common perception that a single home has a minor impact on the entire grid. However, owing to the fact that consumption patterns of homes are similar, while a single home does not have a large impact on the grid, entire neighborhoods do. Motivated by the above, this work explores the interaction between residential energy consumption and the electric grid. An analysis, modeling and optimization framework on smart meter data is developed to anticipate and modulate energy usage of ensembles of residential homes in order to reduce peak power demand. Much of the data used in this work come from Pecan Street, Inc., a smart grid demonstration project in
Austin, TX. First, a nonintrusive load monitoring algorithm is developed to isolate air-conditioning (A/C) energy use from whole-house energy consumption data. Subsequently, a simplified reduced-order model is derived from smart meter data and thermostat set-point data to predict A/C energy use. The models of an ensemble of homes are placed within a centralized model predictive control scheme to minimize peak community A/C energy use. Reductions in peak energy use are achieved by shifting the thermostat set-points of individual homes. The approach is further expanded by simultaneously scheduling the operation of time-shiftable appliances to further reduce the community peak load. This integrated operation reduces peak loads by an average of 25.5%. This work also considers the impact of control and optimization techniques on designing a micro-grid that operates near autonomously from the electric power grid. Lastly, this work presents a tool to compare energy demand patterns of houses from smart meter data and indicates that high-energy houses would benefit from energy audits to improve energy efficiency.
Advisors/Committee Members: Edgar, Thomas F. (advisor), Baldea, Michael (advisor), Novoselac, Atila (committee member), Webber, Michael E (committee member), Rochelle, Gary T (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Residential energy; Home energy management
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APA (6th Edition):
Perez, K. X. (2016). Analysis, modeling and optimization of residential energy use from smart meter data. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Texas – Austin. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152/46454
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Perez, Krystian Xavier. “Analysis, modeling and optimization of residential energy use from smart meter data.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Texas – Austin. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2152/46454.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Perez, Krystian Xavier. “Analysis, modeling and optimization of residential energy use from smart meter data.” 2016. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Perez KX. Analysis, modeling and optimization of residential energy use from smart meter data. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/46454.
Council of Science Editors:
Perez KX. Analysis, modeling and optimization of residential energy use from smart meter data. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/46454
University of Texas – Austin
12.
Darling, Erin Kennedy.
Clay-based materials for passive control of ozone and reaction byproducts in buildings.
Degree: PhD, Environmental and water resources engineering, 2016, University of Texas – Austin
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/40970
► Tropospheric ozone that infiltrates buildings reacts readily with many indoor materials and compounds that are commonly detected in indoor air. These reactions lead to lower…
(more)
▼ Tropospheric ozone that infiltrates buildings reacts readily with many indoor materials and compounds that are commonly detected in indoor air. These reactions lead to lower indoor ozone concentrations. However, the products of ozone reactions may be irritating or harmful to building occupants. While active technologies exist (i.e., activated carbon filtration in HVAC systems) to suppress indoor ozone concentrations, they can be costly and/or infeasible for dwellings that do not have these systems. Passive methods of ozone removal are an interest of building environment researchers. This dissertation involves (1) a review of the state of the knowledge on building materials and coatings that are intended to passively remove indoor ozone, especially clay-based materials; (2) a compilation of current data on ozone removal and reaction byproduct formation for these materials; (3) a model for ozone removal effectiveness for a selected clay-based material that is implemented in a hypothetical home; (4) a survey of the effects of a clay-based coating with and without ozone and a reactant source on human perceptions of air quality; (5) an investigation of the long-term potential for passive control of indoor ozone by two different clay-based surface coatings that were exposed to real indoor environments; and (6) development of a location-specific model to estimate the monetary benefits versus costs of indoor ozone control using passive removal materials. The above tasks were completed through ongoing reviews of the literature, experimental studies conducted in small and large environmental chambers, and in the field. Results of these studies suggest that clay or materials made from clay are a viable material for passive reduction of indoor pollution, due in part to clay’s ability to catalyze ozone. Human sensory perceptions of indoor air quality were shown to significantly improve when a clay-based plaster was present in an ozonated environment. Based on modeling efforts, effective passive removal of indoor ozone is possible for realistic indoor scenarios when clay-based materials are implemented. There is a growing number of papers that are published on the subject of clay materials and indoor environmental quality, but few that investigate the longer term impacts and performance of clay materials, especially ones that have been exposed to real indoor environments.
Advisors/Committee Members: Corsi, Richard L. (advisor), Brown Wilson, Barbara (committee member), Juenger, Maria (committee member), Novoselac, Atila (committee member), Xu, Ying (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Clay; Modeling; Indoor air quality; Low-energy; Perceived air quality; Paint; Plaster; Building materials
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Darling, E. K. (2016). Clay-based materials for passive control of ozone and reaction byproducts in buildings. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Texas – Austin. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152/40970
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Darling, Erin Kennedy. “Clay-based materials for passive control of ozone and reaction byproducts in buildings.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Texas – Austin. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2152/40970.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Darling, Erin Kennedy. “Clay-based materials for passive control of ozone and reaction byproducts in buildings.” 2016. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Darling EK. Clay-based materials for passive control of ozone and reaction byproducts in buildings. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/40970.
Council of Science Editors:
Darling EK. Clay-based materials for passive control of ozone and reaction byproducts in buildings. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/40970
University of Texas – Austin
13.
Aldred, Josh Ryan.
The nexus of energy and health : a systems analysis of costs and benefits of ozone control by activated carbon filtration in buildings.
Degree: PhD, Civil Engineering, 2015, University of Texas – Austin
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/32147
► Americans spend nearly 90% of their lifetimes indoors, where they receive 50-70% of their exposure to ozone. The US EPA has designated ozone as a…
(more)
▼ Americans spend nearly 90% of their lifetimes indoors, where they receive 50-70% of their exposure to ozone. The US EPA has designated ozone as a hazardous air pollutant and ozone exposure has been linked to respiratory mortality, hospital admissions, restricted activity days, and school loss days. In addition, the most susceptible populations to ozone exposure are children and the elderly, especially if they suffer from an existing respiratory health condition. One possible solution to reduce indoor ozone exposure is to use activated carbon filtration in a building's heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. In many cases, using commercially available activated carbon filters will have minimal additional capital and energy costs in comparison to standard particle filters. A complex systems model for evaluating the potential costs and benefits of ozone control by activated carbon filtration in buildings was developed as part of this dissertation. The modeling effort included the prediction of indoor ozone concentrations and exposure with and without activated carbon filtration. As example applications, the model was used to predict benefit-to-cost ratios for commercial office buildings, long-term healthcare facilities, K-12 schools, and single-family homes in 12 American cities in five different climate zones. Health outcomes due to reduced indoor ozone exposure were determined using the USEPA methodology for outdoor ozone exposure, which includes city-specific age demographics and disease prevalence. Health benefits were evaluated using disability-adjusted life-years, which were then converted to a monetary value to compare with activated carbon filtration costs. Modeling results indicate that activated carbon filtration during the summer ozone season should be beneficial and economically feasible in commercial office buildings, long-term healthcare facilities, and K-12 schools. The benefits of activated carbon filtration in single-family homes are predicted to be marginal, except for sensitive populations or in cities with high seasonal ozone and high air conditioning usage. Field experiments of activated carbon filters in an operational
university laboratory resulted in an average ozone single-pass removal efficiency of 70%. An additional benefit-cost analysis of activated carbon filtration in the laboratory showed that ozone-related health costs were reduced by 62% and fan energy costs were reduced by 21% compared to a baseline condition. Finally, the field study demonstrated that activated carbon filtration for ozone removal could be economically beneficial in buildings with very high ventilation due to reductions in health, energy, and filter replacement and installation costs.
Advisors/Committee Members: Corsi, Richard L. (advisor), Novoselac, Atila (committee member), Kinney, Kerry (committee member), Liljestrand, Howard (committee member), Siegel, Jeffrey (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Indoor air quality; Ozone; Activated carbon; Benefit-cost analysis; Energy; Buildings
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APA ·
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to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Aldred, J. R. (2015). The nexus of energy and health : a systems analysis of costs and benefits of ozone control by activated carbon filtration in buildings. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Texas – Austin. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152/32147
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Aldred, Josh Ryan. “The nexus of energy and health : a systems analysis of costs and benefits of ozone control by activated carbon filtration in buildings.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Texas – Austin. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2152/32147.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Aldred, Josh Ryan. “The nexus of energy and health : a systems analysis of costs and benefits of ozone control by activated carbon filtration in buildings.” 2015. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Aldred JR. The nexus of energy and health : a systems analysis of costs and benefits of ozone control by activated carbon filtration in buildings. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/32147.
Council of Science Editors:
Aldred JR. The nexus of energy and health : a systems analysis of costs and benefits of ozone control by activated carbon filtration in buildings. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/32147
University of Texas – Austin
14.
Ondeck, Abigail Devin.
The economic feasibility of combined heat and power as a utility producer for the residential sector.
Degree: PhD, Chemical Engineering, 2017, University of Texas – Austin
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/60378
► Combined heat and power (CHP) plants are a very promising prospect to reducing CO₂ emissions and increasing efficiency in the power generation sector, especially when…
(more)
▼ Combined heat and power (CHP) plants are a very promising prospect to reducing CO₂ emissions and increasing efficiency in the power generation sector, especially when combined with residential solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation. By utilizing natural gas, a cleaner fuel than coal, CHP plants can reduce CO₂ emissions, while exploiting the waste heat from electricity production to generate a useful thermal energy, increasing the overall efficiency of the plant. While incorporating residential solar PV power generation has important environmental benefits, it can - if not properly managed - lead to an over-generation situation with very high power plant ramp rates. Most current power plants are unlikely to be able to withstand such rapid changes in generation rates. If PV generation is incorporated into the design and operation of the CHP plant, both thermal and electrical energy storage systems can be included, opening the door to more strategies for controlling photovoltaic generation and increased PV power generation. The ability to combine thermal and electrical energy generation in an efficient manner, on a medium to large scale, suggests that CHP plants with rooftop PV panels and energy storage are an appealing choice as an integrated utility supplier for the neighborhood of the future. Yet, there are currently no CHP plants that serve exclusively residential neighborhoods in the United States. Thus, the objective of this research was to determine the most economical design and operation of a CHP plant with integrated residential solar PV power generation to meet all the energy demands of a residential neighborhood. After determining that a CHP plant could meet all the electricity, heating, and cooling demands of a residential neighborhood, a multi-scale economical optimization formulation to simultaneously determine the design and operation of a CHP plant with PV generation was constructed. The optimal CHP plant produced extra energy, so the optimization formulation was updated to include both thermal and electrical energy storage. Utilizing the results from these optimizations, the monetary values of PV generation and energy storage were evaluated, giving a guide for future economic targets for these technologies.
Advisors/Committee Members: Edgar, Thomas F. (advisor), Baldea, Michael (advisor), Baldick, Ross (committee member), Novoselac, Atila (committee member), Truskett, Thomas (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Combined heat and power; Energy; Renewables; Residential district utilities
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APA (6th Edition):
Ondeck, A. D. (2017). The economic feasibility of combined heat and power as a utility producer for the residential sector. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Texas – Austin. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152/60378
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ondeck, Abigail Devin. “The economic feasibility of combined heat and power as a utility producer for the residential sector.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Texas – Austin. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2152/60378.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ondeck, Abigail Devin. “The economic feasibility of combined heat and power as a utility producer for the residential sector.” 2017. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Ondeck AD. The economic feasibility of combined heat and power as a utility producer for the residential sector. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/60378.
Council of Science Editors:
Ondeck AD. The economic feasibility of combined heat and power as a utility producer for the residential sector. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/60378
University of Texas – Austin
15.
-0903-5467.
High density thermal energy stores utilizing phase change materials for shifting of peak cooling loads.
Degree: PhD, Civil Engineering, 2018, University of Texas – Austin
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/70611
► Air conditioning cooling loads consume 11% of the electricity produced in the United States, and can be as high as 27% of total electric production…
(more)
▼ Air conditioning cooling loads consume 11% of the electricity produced in the United States, and can be as high as 27% of total electric production in warm, humid climates. During the summer months these HVAC cooling loads can comprise more than 50% of peak electric load, with much of the demand coming from small commercial or residential electric customers.
Thermal storage systems offer the ability to shift these peak cooling loads to non- peak periods, which allows for a more efficient operation of baseload electric power plants by better utilizing capital equipment and available capacity. In addition, thermal storage systems allow for the more effective use of intermittent, renewable energy sources by shifting cooling loads to periods of renewable energy availability. Finally, thermal storage systems reduce the capital equipment cost for HVAC compressor systems by allowing the equipment to be sized for average, rather than peak, loads.
Given that residential and small commercial buildings generate the majority of peak cooling load in warm, humid climates, a thermal storage system compatible with these structures and sites is necessary. These sites may not have the space necessary for common chilled water thermal storage systems, which utilize the temperature change of a
working fluid (frequently water) to store sensible energy in large storage tanks. For residential and small commercial applications, a more compact, high-density thermal storage system will be required. Latent thermal storage, which utilizes the energy associated with a change in phase of a material to store thermal energy, shows promise for use in high-density thermal storage systems.
This research develops a latent thermal energy storage system based on phase change materials (PCM) suitable for use in applications where the size of the thermal store is critical, such as for existing residences and small commercial structures. Numerical, analytical, and experimental methods are used to design, test, and model a tube-encapsulated PCM-based thermal storage system with a capacity and performance suitable for HVAC applications. This research provides both general and specific design criteria sufficient to allow engineers to utilize this thermal store design for specific applications.
Advisors/Committee Members: Novoselac, Atila (advisor), Corsi, Richard (committee member), Baldea, Michael (committee member), Xu, Ying (committee member), da Silva, Alexandre (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Latent thermal storage; Phase change material (PCM); Load shift
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
-0903-5467. (2018). High density thermal energy stores utilizing phase change materials for shifting of peak cooling loads. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Texas – Austin. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152/70611
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
-0903-5467. “High density thermal energy stores utilizing phase change materials for shifting of peak cooling loads.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Texas – Austin. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2152/70611.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
-0903-5467. “High density thermal energy stores utilizing phase change materials for shifting of peak cooling loads.” 2018. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Vancouver:
-0903-5467. High density thermal energy stores utilizing phase change materials for shifting of peak cooling loads. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/70611.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Council of Science Editors:
-0903-5467. High density thermal energy stores utilizing phase change materials for shifting of peak cooling loads. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/70611
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
University of Texas – Austin
16.
Rhodes, Joshua Daniel.
Optimal residential energy consumption, prediction, and analysis.
Degree: PhD, Civil Engineering, 2014, University of Texas – Austin
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/33342
► In the United States, buildings are responsible for 40.36 Quads (40.36 x 10¹⁵ BTU) of total primary energy consumption per year, 22.15 of which are…
(more)
▼ In the United States, buildings are responsible for 40.36 Quads (40.36 x 10¹⁵ BTU) of total primary energy consumption per year, 22.15 of which are used in residential buildings (reference year 2010). Also, the United States residential sector is responsible for about 20% of United States carbon emissions or about 4% of the world's total. While there are over 130 million residential units in the United States, only 0.1% of R&D is spent in the residential sector. This means the residential sector represents an underinvested opportunity for energy savings. Tackling that problem, this dissertation presents work that is focused on assessing, analyzing, and optimizing how residential buildings use and generate energy. This work presents an analysis of a unique dataset of 4971 energy audits performed on homes in
Austin,
Texas in 2009 - 2010. The analysis quantifies the prevalence of typical air-conditioner design and installation issues such as low efficiency, oversizing, duct leakage, and low measured capacity, then estimates the impacts that resolving these issues would have on peak power demand and cooling energy consumption. It is estimated that air-conditioner use in single-family residences currently accounts for 17 - 18% of peak demand in
Austin, and that improving equipment efficiency alone could save up to 205 MW, or 8%, of peak demand. It was also found that 31% of systems in this study were oversized, leading to up to 41 MW of excess peak demand. Replacing oversized systems with correctly sized higher efficiency units has the potential for further savings of up to 81 MW. Also, the mean system could achieve 18% and 20% in cooling energy savings by sealing duct leaks and servicing air-conditioning units to achieve 100% of nominal capacity, respectively. A different dataset of measured whole-home electricity consumption from 103 homes in
Austin, TX was analyzed to 1) determine the shape of seasonally-resolved residential demand profiles, 2) determine the optimal number of normalized representative residential electricity use profiles within each season, and 3) draw correlations to the different profiles based on survey data from the occupants of the 103 homes. Within each season, homes with similar hourly electricity use patterns were clustered into groups using the k-means clustering algorithm. The number of groups within each season was determined by comparing 30 different optimal clustering criteria. Then probit regression was performed to determine if homeowner survey responses could serve as explanatory variables for the clustering results. This analysis found that
Austin homes typically fall into one of two seasonal groups. Because these groups differ in temporal energy use and the wholesale electricity price is temporal, homes in one group use more expensive electricity than others. The probit regression results indicated that variables such as whether or not someone worked from home, the number of hours of television watched per week, and level of education have significant correlation with average profile…
Advisors/Committee Members: Webber, Michael E., 1971- (advisor), Blackhurst, Michael F (committee member), Edgar, Thomas F (committee member), King, Carey (committee member), Novoselac, Atila (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Residential energy use; Peak energy use; HVAC; Temporal energy use
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APA (6th Edition):
Rhodes, J. D. (2014). Optimal residential energy consumption, prediction, and analysis. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Texas – Austin. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152/33342
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Rhodes, Joshua Daniel. “Optimal residential energy consumption, prediction, and analysis.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Texas – Austin. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2152/33342.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Rhodes, Joshua Daniel. “Optimal residential energy consumption, prediction, and analysis.” 2014. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Rhodes JD. Optimal residential energy consumption, prediction, and analysis. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/33342.
Council of Science Editors:
Rhodes JD. Optimal residential energy consumption, prediction, and analysis. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/33342
University of Texas – Austin
17.
-5473-5000.
Peak load reduction and water savings potential of integrated thermal energy and auxiliary water storage systems for residential buildings in Austin, Texas.
Degree: PhD, Mechanical engineering, 2016, University of Texas – Austin
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/39739
► Long-term climatic shift is projected to lead to a hotter and dryer Texas. At the same time, the population is expected to grow by approximately…
(more)
▼ Long-term climatic shift is projected to lead to a hotter and dryer
Texas. At the same time, the population is expected to grow by approximately 80% over the next 50 years. Both of these trends will increase demand for both water and electricity for air conditioning. As a result, cities and consumers are looking for ways to reduce stress on local water supplies, and reduce on-peak electricity consumption. Utilizing auxiliary water sources such as rainwater, graywater, and air conditioner condensate could be a way to reduce consumption from municipal water supplies, and thermal storage is on viable method to significantly reduce on-peak electricity demand from cooling systems. This research is aimed at reducing municipally-supplied water consumption and on-peak electricity load using integrated thermal energy and auxiliary water storage systems, referred to herein as `ITHERST' systems. This dissertation describes the design and operation of these systems, and develops semi-empirical thermodynamic, heat transfer, and fluid flow system operation models to estimate peak load reduction and municipal water savings from residential ITHERST systems. Two system configurations are discussed: the first scenario (referred to as ITHERST-DX) uses condenser-side thermal storage for a typical residential house with a direct expansion air conditioning system, and auxiliary water collection for reducing irrigation water consumption; the second scenario (referred to as the ITHERST-Hydro) uses indirect chilled water thermal storage in a hydronic cooling system, and a potable rainwater collection system to reduce household water consumption, as part of a prototype next-generation sustainable house. Analysis of the ITHERST-DX thermal storage system, showed average peak load reductions on the order of 40%, and average energy consumption increased by approximately 5-10+% over the base case depending on tank size and weather data input. Irrigation water savings from the ITHERST-DX system were approximately 20-90% depending on auxiliary water storage volume. Similarly, the ITHERST-Hydro analysis showed peak load reductions on the order of 75%, energy consumption increased by approximately 7-9%, and household water savings on the order of 60-90%. Lastly, net annual utility bill savings were calculated by incorporating electricity and water billing logic and pricing information into the two ITHERST system models. Annual savings were on the order of approximately 500-1000 per year for the ITHERST-DX system, and 200-500 per year for the ITHERST-Hydro system, depending on the weather year and specified utility rates. The biggest savings were from water and wastewater, since both systems substantially reduced water demand at larger volumes. Electric bill savings from thermal storage were only substantial when the on-peak price of electricity was very high, and the off-peak price was comparatively low. This economic analysis suggests these systems could have economic value to the homeowner, but savings are highly rate-dependent. …
Advisors/Committee Members: Webber, Michael E., 1971- (advisor), Crawford, Richard (committee member), Nichols, Steven (committee member), Novoselac, Atila (committee member), Liedl, Petra (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Residential; Air conditioning; Thermal storage; Rainwater harvesting; Graywater reuse
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APA (6th Edition):
-5473-5000. (2016). Peak load reduction and water savings potential of integrated thermal energy and auxiliary water storage systems for residential buildings in Austin, Texas. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Texas – Austin. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152/39739
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
-5473-5000. “Peak load reduction and water savings potential of integrated thermal energy and auxiliary water storage systems for residential buildings in Austin, Texas.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Texas – Austin. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2152/39739.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
-5473-5000. “Peak load reduction and water savings potential of integrated thermal energy and auxiliary water storage systems for residential buildings in Austin, Texas.” 2016. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Vancouver:
-5473-5000. Peak load reduction and water savings potential of integrated thermal energy and auxiliary water storage systems for residential buildings in Austin, Texas. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/39739.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Council of Science Editors:
-5473-5000. Peak load reduction and water savings potential of integrated thermal energy and auxiliary water storage systems for residential buildings in Austin, Texas. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/39739
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
18.
Khurshid, Shahana Sarfraz.
Particulate reactive oxygen species in indoor and outdoor environments : prevalence and health effects.
Degree: PhD, Civil Engineering, 2015, University of Texas – Austin
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/31608
► Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are an important class of air pollutants generated from photochemical and ozone-initiated reactions in indoor and outdoor environments. Despite the fact…
(more)
▼ Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are an important class of air pollutants generated from photochemical and ozone-initiated reactions in indoor and outdoor environments. Despite the fact that Americans spend nearly 90% of their time inside buildings and extended exposures to ROS can occur in indoor environments, ROS has received very little attention as an indoor pollutant. This is one of the first research studies to measure the concentration of particulate ROS (on PM [subscript 2.5] and TSP) in indoor environments. A significant fraction of indoor particulate ROS was found to exist on PM [subscript 2.5] (58±10%) which is important from a health perspective since PM [subscript 2.5] can carry ROS deep into the lungs. The indoor concentrations of ROS on PM [subscript 2.5] sampled in residential and commercial buildings were not significantly different from the outdoor concentrations. This result is intriguing because it implies that generation of ROS inside buildings and/or transport of outdoor ROS and precursors of ROS into buildings are important processes and can be as significant as ROS generation in outdoor environments. Controlled studies show that when outdoor ozone concentrations are relatively low, indoor concentrations of ROS are dominated by indoor sources of ROS rather than outdoor sources of ROS. However, when outdoor ozone concentrations are relatively high, indoor and outdoor sources of ROS contribute almost equally to the indoor concentration of ROS. This study is also one of the first to assess seasonal variations in outdoor particulate ROS concentrations. Ambient sampling conducted over an 11-month period indicates that outdoor particulate ROS concentrations are influenced by the ozone concentration, solar radiation intensity and temperature. In order to understand the potential health effects of exposure to ROS, an in vitro exposure system of lung epithelial cells and differentiated lung tissue was also utilized. Results from these experiments indicate that exposure to products of limonene ozonolysis (which include ROS) can lead to a greater inflammatory response than exposure to either ozone or limonene. This highlights the need to include biologically relevant pollutants, such as ROS, in indoor air quality studies. Further work is warranted to better understand the parameters that drive indoor particulate ROS concentrations.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kinney, Kerry A. (advisor), Siegel, Jeffrey A (committee member), Corsi, Richard (committee member), Novoselac, Atila (committee member), Wells, J. Raymond (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Particles; SOA; Ozone; Indoor air quality; Homes; Commercial buildings; Health effects; Exposure
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APA (6th Edition):
Khurshid, S. S. (2015). Particulate reactive oxygen species in indoor and outdoor environments : prevalence and health effects. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Texas – Austin. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152/31608
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Khurshid, Shahana Sarfraz. “Particulate reactive oxygen species in indoor and outdoor environments : prevalence and health effects.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Texas – Austin. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2152/31608.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Khurshid, Shahana Sarfraz. “Particulate reactive oxygen species in indoor and outdoor environments : prevalence and health effects.” 2015. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Khurshid SS. Particulate reactive oxygen species in indoor and outdoor environments : prevalence and health effects. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/31608.
Council of Science Editors:
Khurshid SS. Particulate reactive oxygen species in indoor and outdoor environments : prevalence and health effects. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/31608
University of Texas – Austin
19.
Moon, Jae Sang.
Approaches to stochastic simulation of waked wind fields in wind turbine arrays.
Degree: PhD, Civil Engineering, 2016, University of Texas – Austin
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/68305
► Wind turbines in a wind plant do not always experience free-stream flow fields. The flow fields inside a wind plant or wind farm, waked by…
(more)
▼ Wind turbines in a wind plant do not always experience free-stream flow fields. The flow fields inside a wind plant or wind farm, waked by upwind turbines, exhibit different dynamic characteristics. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard 61400-1 for the design of wind turbines only considers a deterministic wake model for the design of a wind plant. This study is focused on the stochastic modeling of waked wind fields for assessing turbine loads using a regression-based approach. The waked wind velocity field is generated using Large-Eddy Simulation (LES). Stochastic characteristics of the generated waked wind velocity field, including the mean and turbulence components, are analyzed. Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and spectral methods are proposed to develop reduced-order engineering model-based wind velocity fields as alternatives to the LES-generated waked fields. The reduced-order model-based simulation employs either a subset of the POD eigenmodes or Fourier-based spectral simulation with parameters derived from LES in illustrations with a wake-generating turbine. With the spectral model, wake-related spectral parameters are estimated using Multivariate Multiple Linear Regression (MMLR). To validate the simulated wind fields based on the reduced-order models, wind turbine tower and blade loads are generated using aeroelastic simulation for a utility-scale wind turbine model and compared with those based on LES. This study also discusses the construction of a stochastic expanded-wake model for wind turbines experiencing fully and partially waked situations. The study's overall objective is to offer efficient stochastic approaches that are computationally tractable, when assessing the performance and loads of turbines operating in wakes. Validation studies are carried out by comparion with loads computed directly from LES wake fields.
Advisors/Committee Members: Manuel, Lance (advisor), John L. Tassoulas, John L (committee member), Novoselac, Atila (committee member), Tinney, Charles (committee member), Veers, Paul (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Stochastic simulation; Wake; Wind turbine
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APA (6th Edition):
Moon, J. S. (2016). Approaches to stochastic simulation of waked wind fields in wind turbine arrays. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Texas – Austin. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152/68305
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Moon, Jae Sang. “Approaches to stochastic simulation of waked wind fields in wind turbine arrays.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Texas – Austin. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2152/68305.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Moon, Jae Sang. “Approaches to stochastic simulation of waked wind fields in wind turbine arrays.” 2016. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Moon JS. Approaches to stochastic simulation of waked wind fields in wind turbine arrays. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/68305.
Council of Science Editors:
Moon JS. Approaches to stochastic simulation of waked wind fields in wind turbine arrays. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/68305
University of Texas – Austin
20.
-6878-9317.
Formaldehyde as an indoor air quality metric for homes : control strategies and energy consequences.
Degree: PhD, Civil Engineering, 2017, University of Texas – Austin
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/62980
► The renewed emphasis on energy conservation in the building sector has resulted in advances in residential building envelope design and construction that have led to…
(more)
▼ The renewed emphasis on energy conservation in the building sector has resulted in advances in residential building envelope design and construction that have led to ever tighter homes, lower energy consumption and reduced emissions of greenhouse gases. To keep pace with these advances, indoor air quality (IAQ) engineers are seeking ways to cost effectively achieve aldehyde, particularly formaldehyde (HCHO), and volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations that meet government reference exposure limits (RELs). This work investigates four key concepts: (1) the efficacy of using HCHO as a surrogate for the impact of all aldehydes and VOCs on IAQ, (2) energy use/cost, compared with baseline energy used to achieve ASHRAE 62.2-2016 ventilation rates, required to attain desired RELs, (3) Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY) benefits/value of reaching desired RELs and, (4) energy savings/value, identification and initial testing of a real-time HCHO monitor/controller to control variable speed ventilation and gas-phase filtration to achieve desired HCHO concentrations. This work is expected to inform decision makers and potentially be incorporated into several national standards and building programs such as ASHRAE 62.2, RESNET HERS® ratings, the U.S. EPA’s EnergyPlus and U.S. DOE’s Building America programs.
Advisors/Committee Members: Corsi, Richard L. (advisor), Novoselac, Atila (committee member), Kinney, Kerry A (committee member), Siegel, Jeffrey A (committee member), Walker, Iain S (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Formaldehyde; Energy; IAQ; Indoor air quality
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APA (6th Edition):
-6878-9317. (2017). Formaldehyde as an indoor air quality metric for homes : control strategies and energy consequences. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Texas – Austin. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152/62980
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
-6878-9317. “Formaldehyde as an indoor air quality metric for homes : control strategies and energy consequences.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Texas – Austin. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2152/62980.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
-6878-9317. “Formaldehyde as an indoor air quality metric for homes : control strategies and energy consequences.” 2017. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Vancouver:
-6878-9317. Formaldehyde as an indoor air quality metric for homes : control strategies and energy consequences. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/62980.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Council of Science Editors:
-6878-9317. Formaldehyde as an indoor air quality metric for homes : control strategies and energy consequences. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/62980
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
21.
Cetin, Kristen Sara.
Smart technology enabled residential building energy use and peak load reduction and their effects on occupant thermal comfort.
Degree: PhD, Civil Engineering, 2015, University of Texas – Austin
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/30516
► Residential buildings in the United States are responsible for the consumption of 38% of electricity, and for much of the fluctuations in the power demands…
(more)
▼ Residential buildings in the United States are responsible for the consumption of 38% of electricity, and for much of the fluctuations in the power demands on the electric grid, particularly in hot climates. Residential buildings are also where occupants spend nearly 69% of their time. As “smart” technologies, including electric grid-connected devices and home energy management systems are increasingly available and installed in buildings, this research focuses on the use of these technologies combined with available energy use data in accomplishing three main objectives. The research aims to: (a) better understand how residential buildings currently use electricity, (b) evaluate the use of these smart technologies and data to reduce buildings’ electricity use and their contribution to peak loads, and (c) develop a methodology to assess the impacts of these operational changes on occupant thermal comfort. Specifically this study focuses on two of the most significant electricity consumers in residential buildings: large appliances, including refrigerators, clothes washers, clothes dryers and dishwashers, and heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. First, to develop an improved understanding of current electricity use patterns of large appliances and residential HVAC systems, this research analyzes a large set of field-collected data. This dataset includes highly granular electricity consumption information for residential buildings located in a hot and humid climate. The results show that refrigerators have the most reliable and consistent use, while the three user-dependent appliances varied more greatly among houses and by time-of-day. In addition, the daily use patterns of appliances vary in shape depending on a number of factors, particularly whether or not the occupants work from home, which contrasts with common residential building energy modeling assumptions. For the all-air central HVAC systems studied, the average annual HVAC duty cycle was found to be approximately 20%, and varied significantly depending on the season, time of day, and type of residential building. Duty cycle was also correlated to monthly energy use. This information provides an improvement to previously assumed values in indoor air modeling studies. Overall, the work presented here enhances the knowledge of how the largest consumers of residential buildings, large appliances and HVAC, operate and use energy, and identifies influential factors that affect these use patterns. The methodologies developed can be applied to determine use patterns for other energy consuming devices and types of buildings, to further expand the body of knowledge in this area. Expanding on this knowledge of current energy use, smart large appliances and residential HVAC systems are investigated for use in reducing peak electric grid loads, and building energy use, respectively. This includes a combination of laboratory testing, field-collected data, and modeling. For appliance peak load reduction, refrigerators are found to have a good…
Advisors/Committee Members: Novoselac, Atila (advisor), Webber, Michael (committee member), Blackhurst, Michael (committee member), Tabares, Paulo (committee member), Manuel, Lance (committee member), Corsi, Richard (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Building energy efficiency; Smart buildings; Peak load reduction; Thermal comfort
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APA (6th Edition):
Cetin, K. S. (2015). Smart technology enabled residential building energy use and peak load reduction and their effects on occupant thermal comfort. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Texas – Austin. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152/30516
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Cetin, Kristen Sara. “Smart technology enabled residential building energy use and peak load reduction and their effects on occupant thermal comfort.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Texas – Austin. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2152/30516.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Cetin, Kristen Sara. “Smart technology enabled residential building energy use and peak load reduction and their effects on occupant thermal comfort.” 2015. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Cetin KS. Smart technology enabled residential building energy use and peak load reduction and their effects on occupant thermal comfort. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/30516.
Council of Science Editors:
Cetin KS. Smart technology enabled residential building energy use and peak load reduction and their effects on occupant thermal comfort. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/30516
University of Texas – Austin
22.
-0131-0310.
Sorption of semi-volatile organic compounds to dust and other surfaces in indoor environments.
Degree: PhD, Civil Engineering, 2018, University of Texas – Austin
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26153/tsw/3190
► Semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) are ubiquitous in indoor environments. Because they partition strongly to dust other surfaces in the indoor environments, most SVOCs persist for…
(more)
▼ Semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) are ubiquitous in indoor environments. Because they partition strongly to dust other surfaces in the indoor environments, most SVOCs persist for years after the source is removed. Biomonitoring data based on blood and urine testing suggested the universal and significant human exposure to SVOCs, which may result in serious adverse health effects. However, because of the poor understanding of their transfer process from sources to indoor surfaces, significant uncertainties exist for the estimation of exposure to SVOCs through various pathways and effective strategies to limit such exposure remains hamstrung. The goal of this dissertation is to explicitly elucidate the sorption of important and emerging SVOCs to dust and other surfaces in the indoor environments. The specific research objectives are to 1) investigate the emission, sorption, and fate of phthalates in a residential test house; 2) characterize the direct transfer of SVOCs from sources to settled dust through systematic chamber study; and 3) measure SVOC levels in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) filter dust of U.S. lowincome homes and investigate their association with concentrations in settled dust, seasons, building characteristics, and childhood asthma. Strong sorption of phthalates was observed on interior surfaces, including dust, dish plates, windows, mirrors, fabric cloth, and wood, in a residential test house. In addition, when dust is in contact with the PVC floorings, equilibrium dust concentrations of phthalates are orders of magnitude higher than typical dust concentrations reported in the literature. And we found that the equilibrium concentrations of phthalates in dust can be predicted with the concentrations of phthalates within the gas layer in adjacent with the flooring materials. Finally, the results suggest that HVAC filter dust is a useful sampling media to monitor indoor SVOC concentrations with high sensitivity. When using settled dust, in addition to considering seasonal influences, it is very important to know the sampling location because the types and levels of SVOCs might be related to the local materials.
Advisors/Committee Members: Xu, Ying (Assistant professor) (advisor), Corsi, Richard L. (committee member), Kinney, Kerry A. (committee member), Novoselac, Atila (committee member), Little, John C. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Sorption; SVOCs; Dust; Surfaces; Indoor
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APA (6th Edition):
-0131-0310. (2018). Sorption of semi-volatile organic compounds to dust and other surfaces in indoor environments. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Texas – Austin. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.26153/tsw/3190
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
-0131-0310. “Sorption of semi-volatile organic compounds to dust and other surfaces in indoor environments.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Texas – Austin. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://dx.doi.org/10.26153/tsw/3190.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
-0131-0310. “Sorption of semi-volatile organic compounds to dust and other surfaces in indoor environments.” 2018. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Vancouver:
-0131-0310. Sorption of semi-volatile organic compounds to dust and other surfaces in indoor environments. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.26153/tsw/3190.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Council of Science Editors:
-0131-0310. Sorption of semi-volatile organic compounds to dust and other surfaces in indoor environments. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2018. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.26153/tsw/3190
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
University of Texas – Austin
23.
Nagasawa, Kazunori.
Optimizing integrated renewable and gaseous systems for grid and residential applications.
Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2018, University of Texas – Austin
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/69238
► In the United States, lower electricity prices because of the large deployment of natural gas and renewable electricity generation technologies might present an opportunity to…
(more)
▼ In the United States, lower electricity prices because of the large deployment of natural gas and renewable electricity generation technologies might present an opportunity to produce energy carriers, such as hydrogen, to replace existing fuels. To assess this opportunity, integrated renewable and gaseous systems for grid and residential applications were examined as the following three studies: 1) impacts of renewable hydrogen production on potential hydrogen demand for on-road vehicles, 2) effects of electrolyzer facility locations on hydrogen supply-chain for light-duty vehicles in
Texas, and 3) assessment of primary energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions, and peak electric load for a residential fuel cell using empirical natural gas and electricity use profiles. The first study included two-part analyses: 1) determining the required growth in renewable power and water usage to power transportation in the United States with hydrogen at the national-level, and 2) investigating the technical and economic potential of hydrogen demand and production in electricity markets. The first part of this work assessed the potential for hydrogen to act as an energy carrier to replace existing energetic requirements for on-road vehicles in the United States. This work quantified the amount of hydrogen needed to deliver the energy that is currently used in the transportation sector by on-road vehicles along with associated water demand and CO₂ emissions. Results showed that approximately 16 quadrillion BTUs (Quads) of electricity would be needed to produce nearly 11 Quads of hydrogen via electrolysis to displace the approximately 22 Quads of fuels that met the energy needs of road vehicles in the United States during 2016. Using a capacity factor of 25%, which is typical for new solar farms in the desert southwest, the required capacity of new renewable power generation to produce an additional 16 Quads of electricity is approximately 2.1 TW if all of that electricity was generated by new solar farms. Since the electricity generating capacity in the United States was approximately 1.2 TW (including approximately 108 GW of renewables in 2016, excluding hydroelectric and biomass), the results indicate that a significant investment would be necessary to produce hydrogen via electrolysis powered by renewable electricity. Using hydrogen produced from renewable electricity for road vehicles would reduce energy requirements in the transportation sector by over 40%, the rejected energy in the overall economy would be reduced by over 9.5%, and CO₂ emissions would be reduced by over 1.56 billion metric tons (approximately a 30% reduction in total U.S. CO₂ emissions). At scale, approximately 1.5 trillion liters (400 billion gallons) of distilled water per year would be required to produce nearly 11 Quads of hydrogen, which is approximately 0.4% of total freshwater withdrawals in the United States. Furthermore, the second part of this work developed two methods to investigate the technical and economic potential of hydrogen demand and…
Advisors/Committee Members: Webber, Michael E., 1971- (advisor), Leibowicz, Benjamin D (committee member), Chen, Dongmei (committee member), Novoselac, Atila (committee member), Hebner, Robert E (committee member), Lloyd, Alan C (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Renewable energy; Gaseous fuels; Electric grid; Residential buildings
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APA (6th Edition):
Nagasawa, K. (2018). Optimizing integrated renewable and gaseous systems for grid and residential applications. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Texas – Austin. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152/69238
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Nagasawa, Kazunori. “Optimizing integrated renewable and gaseous systems for grid and residential applications.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Texas – Austin. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2152/69238.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Nagasawa, Kazunori. “Optimizing integrated renewable and gaseous systems for grid and residential applications.” 2018. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Nagasawa K. Optimizing integrated renewable and gaseous systems for grid and residential applications. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/69238.
Council of Science Editors:
Nagasawa K. Optimizing integrated renewable and gaseous systems for grid and residential applications. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/69238
24.
Boor, Brandon Emil.
Studies on particle resuspension, infant exposure, and the sleep microenvironment.
Degree: PhD, Civil engineering, 2015, University of Texas – Austin
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/31356
► Understanding the transport of particulate and gaseous indoor air pollutants from source to exposure is paramount to improve our understanding of the complexities of the…
(more)
▼ Understanding the transport of particulate and gaseous indoor air pollutants from source to exposure is paramount to improve our understanding of the complexities of the built environments in which we spend the majority of our time. This dissertation offers new insights on particle resuspension from indoor surfaces, infant exposure to organic contaminants released from crib mattresses, and the dynamics of pollutant transport and human exposure while sleeping.
Particle resuspension is the physical process by which settled particles detach from a surface and become airborne through application of various aerodynamic and mechanical removal forces. Resuspension is an important indoor source of coarse mode particles (> 1 µm in diameter) and can be a source mechanism for biological matter and organic contaminants that accumulate in house dust. Settled dust deposits on indoor surfaces can vary considerably in their structure and mass loading, yet little is known as to how these parameters affect resuspension. Through wind tunnel experiments, this research demonstrates that the deposit structure (monolayer or multilayer) can have a significant impact on the number of particles that aerodynamically resuspend. Furthermore, this dissertation presents the first full-scale experimental chamber study to show that human body movements in bed can resuspend settled mattress dust particles. An indoor aerosol model was utilized to provide a mechanistic understanding of the impact of movement intensity, surface vibrations, bedroom ventilation rate, and dust loading on the resuspension flux and intake fraction of resuspended particles.
Infants spend most of their time sleeping and are likely to be exposed to elevated concentrations of chemicals released from their crib mattresses. Through a combination of chamber experiments and solvent extractions, this research shows that infant crib mattresses can emit a variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and contain numerous chemical additives, including phthalate and alternative plasticizers, flame retardants, and unreacted isocyanates. Additionally, this study discovered that infants are exposed to approximately twice the concentrations of VOCs in their breathing zones as compared to the bulk bedroom air, due to their close proximity to the source.
Advisors/Committee Members: Xu, Ying (Assistant professor) (advisor), Novoselac, Atila (advisor), Corsi, Richard L (committee member), Hildebrandt Ruiz, Lea (committee member), Järnström, Helena (committee member), Howard Reed, Cynthia (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Indoor air quality; Indoor aerosols; Human exposure; Bedroom; House dust mites; VOCs; SVOCs; Phthalates; Flame retardants; Sleep; Mattress; Infant health
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APA (6th Edition):
Boor, B. E. (2015). Studies on particle resuspension, infant exposure, and the sleep microenvironment. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Texas – Austin. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152/31356
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Boor, Brandon Emil. “Studies on particle resuspension, infant exposure, and the sleep microenvironment.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Texas – Austin. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2152/31356.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Boor, Brandon Emil. “Studies on particle resuspension, infant exposure, and the sleep microenvironment.” 2015. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Boor BE. Studies on particle resuspension, infant exposure, and the sleep microenvironment. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/31356.
Council of Science Editors:
Boor BE. Studies on particle resuspension, infant exposure, and the sleep microenvironment. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/31356
25.
Kumar, Sangeetha.
A simulation framework to characterize the effect of ventilation control on airborne infectious disease transmission in schools.
Degree: MSin Engineering, Civil Engineering, 2019, University of Texas – Austin
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26153/tsw/5452
► This study provides a detailed methodology for assessing the impact of ventilation control strategies on airborne infectious disease, specifically influenza, in schools. The probability of…
(more)
▼ This study provides a detailed methodology for assessing the impact of ventilation control strategies on airborne infectious disease, specifically influenza, in schools. The probability of influenza infection in a classroom was approximated by the Rudnick and Milton (2003) model using inputs from a field campaign in Central
Texas schools and reported influenza epidemiological data. The model is highly dependent on the quanta generation rate or the infectivity of an infector; therefore, a fractional removal term was developed to correct for filtration and depositional losses of the infectious quanta generated by the infector. Energy requirements for ventilation and associated outdoor air conditioning were estimated using air exchange rates and environmental quality conditions indoors (from the field study) and outdoors. To assess the variability in input parameters, Monte Carlo simulations were performed for different mechanical system types – split system and variable air volume (VAV) systems—and varying fractional removal terms. Assuming one infected student enters the school each day during the three-month period, the probability of infection ranges from 0.51% (9.5%) to 4.4% (6.3%). The corresponding number of secondary infections in a flu season range from ~400 to ~1100, which is in line with typical influenza-like-illness absence rates of ~1% a day. The modeling framework considers five control strategies, increasing the ventilation rate by 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% during the peak flu season of December to February. The largest benefit-to-cost ratios (BCR) due to reduced absenteeism were from increasing ventilation by 20% or increasing energy expenditures by 0.25/student for a single flu season. The greatest net benefits (NB) per student were from increasing ventilation by 100% (for some classrooms maintaining minimum ASHRAE standards for fresh air requirements) or increasing energy expenditures by 1.25/student for one flu season. Given the relatively low cost of energy for Central
Texas, a hot and humid climate, increasing ventilation rates to adequate levels may prove beneficial for the well-being of students and staff. School systems may strongly benefit from this analysis to make better decisions on ventilating classrooms to reduce financial losses due to sickness related absences during the flu season.
Advisors/Committee Members: Novoselac, Atila (advisor), Corsi, Richard L. (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Ventilation; Influenza; Airborne infectious disease; Schools
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APA (6th Edition):
Kumar, S. (2019). A simulation framework to characterize the effect of ventilation control on airborne infectious disease transmission in schools. (Masters Thesis). University of Texas – Austin. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.26153/tsw/5452
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kumar, Sangeetha. “A simulation framework to characterize the effect of ventilation control on airborne infectious disease transmission in schools.” 2019. Masters Thesis, University of Texas – Austin. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://dx.doi.org/10.26153/tsw/5452.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kumar, Sangeetha. “A simulation framework to characterize the effect of ventilation control on airborne infectious disease transmission in schools.” 2019. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Kumar S. A simulation framework to characterize the effect of ventilation control on airborne infectious disease transmission in schools. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Texas – Austin; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.26153/tsw/5452.
Council of Science Editors:
Kumar S. A simulation framework to characterize the effect of ventilation control on airborne infectious disease transmission in schools. [Masters Thesis]. University of Texas – Austin; 2019. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.26153/tsw/5452
26.
-2071-0689.
Single-zone HVAC systems in k-12 schools : a literature review.
Degree: MSin Engineering, Architectural Engineering, 2015, University of Texas – Austin
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/32870
► Elementary and secondary schools are an important segment of the U.S. commercial building stock, both in terms of energy consumption and indoor environmental quality. In…
(more)
▼ Elementary and secondary schools are an important segment of the U.S. commercial building stock, both in terms of energy consumption and indoor environmental quality. In 2008, K-12 schools spent over 8 billion dollars on utilities, and approximately 30% of schools reported unsatisfactory indoor environmental conditions related to indoor air quality. There is an opportunity to address both of these issues by focusing on HVAC design and operation. Optimizing this particular building system can result in significant cost savings, as well as improved environmental quality for students and teachers. This report explores the existing literature on four single-zone HVAC systems – unit ventilators, fan coils, heat pumps, and package DX rooftop units – and discusses their potential for increased energy efficiency, cost savings, and improved indoor environmental quality.
Advisors/Committee Members: Novoselac, Atila (advisor), Xu, Ying (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: HVAC; Schools
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APA (6th Edition):
-2071-0689. (2015). Single-zone HVAC systems in k-12 schools : a literature review. (Masters Thesis). University of Texas – Austin. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152/32870
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
-2071-0689. “Single-zone HVAC systems in k-12 schools : a literature review.” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of Texas – Austin. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2152/32870.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
-2071-0689. “Single-zone HVAC systems in k-12 schools : a literature review.” 2015. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Vancouver:
-2071-0689. Single-zone HVAC systems in k-12 schools : a literature review. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Texas – Austin; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/32870.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Council of Science Editors:
-2071-0689. Single-zone HVAC systems in k-12 schools : a literature review. [Masters Thesis]. University of Texas – Austin; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/32870
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
27.
-5061-640X.
Long-term evaluation of building envelope materials.
Degree: MSin Engineering, Civil Engineering, 2019, University of Texas – Austin
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26153/tsw/5405
► The building envelope is arguably the most important aspect of a building besides its structure. It is the first line of defense against the environment…
(more)
▼ The building envelope is arguably the most important aspect of a building besides its structure. It is the first line of defense against the environment and maintains comfortable humidity and air conditions. However, in contrast to structural components, the material specification and testing standards of the building envelope are less well defined, which leads to premature failure and costly maintenance. This thesis summarizes the research performed, the developed test, and the findings from ongoing research at the Durability Lab to evaluate the long-term performance of various building envelope materials.
Code requirements for tapes and self-adhered flashings are tabulated and compared with test results. It is determined that the adhesion requirements of these products are not well developed. In addition, the performance of tape products is also evaluated using shear adhesion testing. The study emphasizes the compatibility of the adhesives at a variety of temperature ranges.
Furthermore, materials testing of exterior plaster mixtures specified in ASTM C926 and common manufacturer's pre-blended mixtures is conducted. The study aims to determine the physical and mechanical properties of exterior plasters. The variability of the coefficient of thermal expansion is found to correspond to different moisture conditions. Several ACI (American Concrete Institute) models are also introduced to predict the tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of plaster mixtures using their compressive strength. An additional model is developed to better characterize the plaster modulus. Strong agreement between the test results and models is observed.
Finally, the report summarizes the results from large-scale tests performed on 32 clear penetrating water repellents, for which data were collected over three years. Prolonged exposure to UV radiation is found to have a significant impact on evaluation of the long-term durability of water repellents. The general behavior of "good" and "bad" products is also noted.
This research is part of an ongoing project at the
University of
Texas at
Austin's Durability Lab. The Durability Lab was formed by Building Diagnostics, Inc. to study the durability of building components. It is located at the
University of
Texas at
Austin on the J.J. Pickle Research Campus. Other ongoing testing, including water-resistive barrier mockups, stucco panels, and elastomeric sealants, is not included in this thesis.
Advisors/Committee Members: Novoselac, Atila (advisor), Fowler, David W. (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Building envelope materials; Durability; Tapes; Self-adhered flashings; Exterior plasters; Water repellents
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APA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
-5061-640X. (2019). Long-term evaluation of building envelope materials. (Masters Thesis). University of Texas – Austin. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.26153/tsw/5405
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
-5061-640X. “Long-term evaluation of building envelope materials.” 2019. Masters Thesis, University of Texas – Austin. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://dx.doi.org/10.26153/tsw/5405.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
-5061-640X. “Long-term evaluation of building envelope materials.” 2019. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Vancouver:
-5061-640X. Long-term evaluation of building envelope materials. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Texas – Austin; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.26153/tsw/5405.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Council of Science Editors:
-5061-640X. Long-term evaluation of building envelope materials. [Masters Thesis]. University of Texas – Austin; 2019. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.26153/tsw/5405
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
28.
-3595-0308.
Carbon dioxide and ozone in high school classrooms.
Degree: MSin Engineering, Environmental and Water Resources Engineering, 2019, University of Texas – Austin
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26153/tsw/2751
► High school classrooms are important places of learning and working for millions of students and teachers. Because small discomforts can cause losses in student productivity…
(more)
▼ High school classrooms are important places of learning and working for millions of students and teachers. Because small discomforts can cause losses in student productivity and achievement, ensuring a healthy working environment is vital. As the primary method of supplying outdoor air to classrooms, mechanical ventilation systems are an important component of the indoor space and have the power to affect concentrations of indoor pollutants. The objective of this research was to investigate mechanical ventilation systems and the concentrations of two specific indoor pollutants, carbon dioxide and ozone, in high school classrooms. As part of this study, a two-year field researching campaign was conducted in seven high schools. Carbon dioxide concentrations were measured in the supply airstream and the general room area of classrooms. Through use of steady-state and dynamic mass balance analyses, classroom ventilation rates were estimated. Ozone concentrations were monitored on school rooftops and in classrooms to investigate the influence of mechanical system operation on ozone concentrations indoors. Mechanical ventilation systems were found to be an important consideration when studying the indoor environment, with system operation affecting indoor carbon dioxide and ozone concentrations. When compared to the outdoor air recommendations provided by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) in Standard 62.1, it was found that many classrooms did not receive sufficient fresh air. Classrooms located in portable structures were found to receive large amounts of outdoor air through infiltration and natural ventilation when compared to classrooms in permanent structures. A relationship between average carbon dioxide concentrations and indoor-to-outdoor ozone concentrations was observed, indicating the influence of outdoor air on the concentrations of both pollutants indoors
Advisors/Committee Members: Corsi, Richard L. (advisor), Novoselac, Atila (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: High schools; Indoor air quality; Ozone; Carbon dioxide; Mechanical ventilation; Rebreathed fraction
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
-3595-0308. (2019). Carbon dioxide and ozone in high school classrooms. (Masters Thesis). University of Texas – Austin. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.26153/tsw/2751
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
-3595-0308. “Carbon dioxide and ozone in high school classrooms.” 2019. Masters Thesis, University of Texas – Austin. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://dx.doi.org/10.26153/tsw/2751.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
-3595-0308. “Carbon dioxide and ozone in high school classrooms.” 2019. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Vancouver:
-3595-0308. Carbon dioxide and ozone in high school classrooms. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Texas – Austin; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.26153/tsw/2751.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Council of Science Editors:
-3595-0308. Carbon dioxide and ozone in high school classrooms. [Masters Thesis]. University of Texas – Austin; 2019. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.26153/tsw/2751
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
29.
Zaatari, Marwa.
Pollutant control strategies for acceptable indoor air quality and energy efficiency in retail buildings.
Degree: PhD, Civil Engineering, 2013, University of Texas – Austin
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/23305
► Indoor air is associated with substantial health risks and is estimated to be responsible for the loss of over 4.7 million healthy life years (years…
(more)
▼ Indoor air is associated with substantial health risks and is estimated to be responsible for the loss of over 4.7 million healthy life years (years lost due to morbidity and mortality) annually in the U.S. The highest indoor air-related health benefits can be expected from policies and strategies that efficiently target pollutants having the greatest contribution to the burden of disease. This burden is caused by indoor sources as well as by outdoor pollutants transported to the indoors. The diversity of pollutants, pollutant sources, and the resulting health effects challenge the comparison of the impacts of different control strategies on energy consumption and indoor air quality. To address this challenge, this work presents a quantitative framework for reaching the optimal energy cost for the maximum achieved exposure benefits, specifically for retail buildings and their understudied energy, economic, and health risk influence. The main objectives of this dissertation are to 1) determine pollutants of concern in retail buildings that contribute the greatest to the burden of disease, and 2) determine energy-efficient, exposure-based control strategies for different retail types and locations. The research in this dissertation is divided into four specific aims that fulfill these two objectives.
The first specific aim (Specific aim 1.a) addresses Objective 1 by applying available disease impact models on pollutant concentrations taken from 15 literature studies (150 stores, a total of 34 pollutants). Of those pollutants, there was little data reported on particulate matter (PM) concentrations and none on emission rates for PM, limiting our understanding of exposure to this pollutant. The second specific aim (Specific aim 1.b) also addresses Objective 1 by characterizing particulate matter (PM) concentrations, emission rates, and fate of ambient and indoor-generated particles in retail buildings. The tasks of this specific aim consisted of particulate matter and ventilation measurements in 14 retail buildings. Among the findings of Objective 1, PM2.5 and acrolein are the main contaminants of concern for which control methods should be prioritized, contributing to
160 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs; years lost due to premature mortality and disability) per 100,000 persons annually. Employees in grocery stores mainly drove this burden. An efficient indoor exposure reduction strategy should take into account all mechanisms that influence pollutant concentrations: indoor and outdoor sources (highlighting the importance of retail type and location), infiltration, ventilation, and filtration.
The remaining specific aims address Objective 2 by investigating the energy and air quality impact of two commonly used exposure control scenarios, ventilation (Specific aim 2.a) and filtration (Specific aim 2.b). The tasks of Specific aim 2.a consisted of modeling the impact of multiple ventilation strategies on contaminants of concern for six major U.S. cities and two retail types. The tasks for Specific aim 2.b consisted…
Advisors/Committee Members: Novoselac, Atila (advisor), Siegel, Jeffrey A. (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Pollutant; Energy consumption; Indoor air quality; Ventilation; Filtration; Store
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APA (6th Edition):
Zaatari, M. (2013). Pollutant control strategies for acceptable indoor air quality and energy efficiency in retail buildings. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Texas – Austin. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152/23305
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Zaatari, Marwa. “Pollutant control strategies for acceptable indoor air quality and energy efficiency in retail buildings.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Texas – Austin. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2152/23305.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Zaatari, Marwa. “Pollutant control strategies for acceptable indoor air quality and energy efficiency in retail buildings.” 2013. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Zaatari M. Pollutant control strategies for acceptable indoor air quality and energy efficiency in retail buildings. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/23305.
Council of Science Editors:
Zaatari M. Pollutant control strategies for acceptable indoor air quality and energy efficiency in retail buildings. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/23305
30.
Wade, Michael Owen.
Formaldehyde in high school classrooms.
Degree: MSin Engineering, Civil Engineering, 2017, University of Texas – Austin
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/60435
► Schools have a unique place in the fabric of America. Yet there is growing evidence that poor indoor air quality (IAQ) leads to increases in…
(more)
▼ Schools have a unique place in the fabric of America. Yet there is growing evidence that poor indoor air quality (IAQ) leads to increases in student illnesses and absenteeism, decreases in academic performance, and increased upper-respiratory problems in teachers. Past studies of IAQ in schools have been deficient in many ways. Only four of 735 published papers have involved actual measurements in high schools in North America. There has been little progress in determining the actual agents responsible for adverse effects when ventilation is inadequate. Few studies have focused on irritating oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) and their sources. The objectives of this thesis were to better understand the levels and temporal variation of one OVOC, formaldehyde (HCHO), in 46 high school classrooms in Central
Texas, to explore differences in HCHO concentrations between portable and traditional classrooms, and to compare differences between two HCHO measurement methods. Results indicate that HCHO concentrations in high school classrooms are in the range of those found in past school studies. There were statistically no differences in HCHO concentrations between portable and traditional classrooms. Formaldehyde concentrations at night exceeded those during the occupied day as a result of mechanical systems being switched off at night to conserve energy. Finally, when HCHO concentrations were above 10 ppb, a continuous colorimetric HCHO analyzer compared favorably with a more standard DNPH-based passive sampler. This finding is important in that the continuous analyzer can provide valuable information regarding temporal variations in HCHO, which may lend knowledge regarding the role of building-related factors on HCHO concentrations and control.
Advisors/Committee Members: Corsi, Richard L. (advisor), Novoselac, Atila (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Formaldehyde; High schools; Indoor air quality; High school indoor air quality; High school formaldehyde
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Wade, M. O. (2017). Formaldehyde in high school classrooms. (Masters Thesis). University of Texas – Austin. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152/60435
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wade, Michael Owen. “Formaldehyde in high school classrooms.” 2017. Masters Thesis, University of Texas – Austin. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2152/60435.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wade, Michael Owen. “Formaldehyde in high school classrooms.” 2017. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Wade MO. Formaldehyde in high school classrooms. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Texas – Austin; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/60435.
Council of Science Editors:
Wade MO. Formaldehyde in high school classrooms. [Masters Thesis]. University of Texas – Austin; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/60435
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Open Access Theses and Dissertations
