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University of St. Andrews
1.
O'Shea, Liam.
Police reform and state-building in Georgia, Kyrgyzstan and Russia.
Degree: 2014, University of St. Andrews
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/5165 
► This dissertation provides an in-depth study of police transformation in Georgia, Kyrgyzstan and Russia since the collapse of the Soviet Union. It draws upon interviews…
(more)
▼ This dissertation provides an in-depth study of police transformation in Georgia,
Kyrgyzstan and Russia since the collapse of the Soviet Union. It draws upon
interviews with police, NGO workers, politicians and international practitioners,
and employs a comparative-historical approach.
Contra to democratic policing approaches, advocating the diffusion of police
power and implementation of police reform concurrently with wider
democratisation, reform was relatively successful in Georgia after the 2003 Rose
Revolution because of state-building. The new government monopolised
executive power, fired many police, recruited new personnel, raised police
salaries and clamped down on organised crime and corruption. Success also
depended on the elite’s political will and their appeal to Georgian nationalism.
Prioritisation of state-building over democratisation limited the reform’s success, however. The new police are politicised and have served elites’ private interests. Reform has failed in Kyrgyzstan because of a lack of state-building. Regional, clan
and other identities are stronger than Kyrgyz nationalism. This has hindered the
formation of an elite with capacity to implement reform. The state has limited
control over the police, who remain corrupt and involved in organised crime.
State-building has not precipitated police reform in Russia because of the
absence of political will. The ruling cohort lacks a vision of reform and relies on
corruption to balance the interests of political factions.
The contrasting patterns of police reform have a number of implications for
democratic police reform in transitioning countries: First, reform depends on
political will. Second, institutionalising the police before democratising them
may be a more effective means of acquiring the capacity to implement reform.
Third, such an approach is likely to require some sort of common bond such as
nationalism to legitimate it. Fourth, ignoring democratisation after
institutionalisation is risky as reformers can misuse their power for private interests.
Advisors/Committee Members: Fawn, Rick (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Police - Former Soviet Union; State-building - Former Soviet Union; State-building - Georgia (Republic); State-building - Kyrgyzstan; International development - Security sector reform; International development - Police reform; Post-conflict - Security sector reform; Post conflict - Police reform; HV8227.2A3O8; Police – Georgia (Republic); Police – Kyrgyzstan; Police – Russia (Federation); Police – Government policy – Georgia (Republic); Police – Government policy – Kyrgyzstan; Police – Government policy – Russia (Federation); Political development; Nation-building; International development - Security sector reform
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APA (6th Edition):
O'Shea, L. (2014). Police reform and state-building in Georgia, Kyrgyzstan and Russia. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of St. Andrews. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10023/5165
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
O'Shea, Liam. “Police reform and state-building in Georgia, Kyrgyzstan and Russia.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of St. Andrews. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/5165.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
O'Shea, Liam. “Police reform and state-building in Georgia, Kyrgyzstan and Russia.” 2014. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
O'Shea L. Police reform and state-building in Georgia, Kyrgyzstan and Russia. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of St. Andrews; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/5165.
Council of Science Editors:
O'Shea L. Police reform and state-building in Georgia, Kyrgyzstan and Russia. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of St. Andrews; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/5165
University of St. Andrews
2.
Herbert-Burns, Rupert.
Petroleum geopolitics : a framework of analysis.
Degree: 2012, University of St. Andrews
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4035
► The playing field upon which actors, both state and non-state, develop strategies to secure existing supplies of oil and seek access to new ones is…
(more)
▼ The playing field upon which actors, both state and non-state, develop strategies to secure
existing supplies of oil and seek access to new ones is as systemically, politically and
strategically complex is as it is geographically vast. In considering this activity, the
terminology used by pundits and journalists to describe the significance of issues such as oil
demand, the complexities of access to petroleum and concerns over security threats to
supplies of oil is familiar. Juxtapositions such as the ‘geopolitics of oil’, ‘energy geopolitics’,
the ‘geopolitics of resource wars’ and the ‘geopolitics of oil and gas’ are all familiar. But what
do they mean when they use ‘geopolitics’ in this context? Thus, by extension, can petroleum
geopolitics - a hybrid conceptual construction used in this thesis - be disassembled into its
component parts, analysed and systematically understood. This is the aim of this thesis.
This thesis contends that the very nature of oil and gas reserves, the processes of exploration
and production, and the means that govern and characterise the transportation of petroleum
overland and by sea is inherently geopolitical - that some core features of geopolitical theory
and key geopolitical concepts are pivotal in determining the ontology and process of the
international oil business. Indeed, so central has oil been to the advancement of industrial
capacity, technology, warfare, transportation and economic prosperity of states since the 20th
century, it could be argued that petroleum is the single largest determinant of the geopolitics
that characterises the modern international system.
In order to address the interrelationship and correlations between core aspects of the
petroleum industry and causal geopolitical phenomena, I begin by advancing a framework of
analysis that systematically binds key geopolitical features and concepts – specifically:
Spatial Phenomena; Environmental Ontology; Territorial Access; Geopolitical Features;
State and Non-state Concepts; and, Strategic Resources and Geopolitics - with examples of
empirical findings revealed in subsequent chapters in the thesis. Fundamentally, this process
works to assess causality and correlations between geopolitical phenomena such as space and
distance, sovereignty, territory, boundaries, chokepoints, resource nationalism,
transnationalism, resource security and conflict, and the features and processes inherent in
petroleum reserves and the exploration, production and transportation of oil and gas.
The framework is followed with a sequential analysis of the three empirical foci of the
project: the ontology of oil and natural gas reserves; the planning and processes of exploration
and production; and, the processes of the conveyance petroleum. I have concentrated my
research to activities within Eurasia, which comprises the traditional continents of Europe and
Asia, and the Indo-Pacific maritime realm, which extends eastwards from the Red Sea to the
western Pacific Rim. After systematically assessing the…
Advisors/Committee Members: Fawn, Rick (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: HD9560.5H4; Petroleum industry and trade – Political aspects; Gas industry – Political aspects; Geopolitics; Petroleum – Transportation – Political aspects; Natural gas – Transportation – Political aspects
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APA (6th Edition):
Herbert-Burns, R. (2012). Petroleum geopolitics : a framework of analysis. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of St. Andrews. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4035
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Herbert-Burns, Rupert. “Petroleum geopolitics : a framework of analysis.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of St. Andrews. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4035.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Herbert-Burns, Rupert. “Petroleum geopolitics : a framework of analysis.” 2012. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Herbert-Burns R. Petroleum geopolitics : a framework of analysis. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of St. Andrews; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4035.
Council of Science Editors:
Herbert-Burns R. Petroleum geopolitics : a framework of analysis. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of St. Andrews; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4035
3.
Kereselidze, Nino.
Foreign policy of the European Union towards the South Caucasus in 1992-2014.
Degree: 2015, University of St. Andrews
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6824
► This assessment of European Union foreign policy towards the South Caucasus shows that while the EU has developed a coherent transport policy since 1992, paradoxically,…
(more)
▼ This assessment of European Union foreign policy towards the South Caucasus shows that while the EU has developed a coherent transport policy since 1992, paradoxically, it has had no corresponding coherent conflict resolution policy for this region. The fact that the EU deepened transport cooperation without a mediation policy in an area with a multiplicity of protracted conflicts is a puzzle. Although the EU eventually added mediation to its policy during the Russia-Georgia armed conflict in 2008, it was unable to facilitate a political solution.
The research examines what has been the nature of EU foreign policy towards the South Caucasus. The dissertation argues that incoherence in conflict resolution policy has been consequent upon two causal factors: (i) preferences of the EU member states conditioned by their historical experience with Russia, and (ii) institutional framework of the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP). By contrast, with functional approach, the three dominant factors that have enabled coherence in transport cooperation are (i) legislative alignment, (ii) common transport area, including technical assistance for transit development, and (iii) restrictive measures. Examination of these two areas of EU foreign policy, shows a discrepancy, demonstrating its inconsistent nature.
The theoretical framework of realism and liberal intergovernmentalism, is applied to empirically grounded EU foreign policy analysis. Adopting a case study methodology, this work examines the EU’s policy towards Armenia and Azerbaijan, with special focus on Georgia between 1992 and 2014. The research combines social science methods of literature review, document analysis and expert interviews.
Advisors/Committee Members: Fawn, Rick (advisor), University of St Andrews (sponsor), Open Society Foundations (OSF) (sponsor), Georgia (Republic). Prime Minister's Fund (sponsor).
Subjects/Keywords: European Union (EU); Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP); European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP); Eastern Partnership (EaP); Transport policy; Maritime security; Legislative alignment; Conflict resolution; The South Caucasus; Russia; JZ1570.A55K4; European Union – Foreign relations – Caucasus, South; European Union couuntries – Foreign relations – Caucasus, South; Caucasus, South – Foreign relations – European Union countries
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APA (6th Edition):
Kereselidze, N. (2015). Foreign policy of the European Union towards the South Caucasus in 1992-2014. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of St. Andrews. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6824
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kereselidze, Nino. “Foreign policy of the European Union towards the South Caucasus in 1992-2014.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of St. Andrews. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6824.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kereselidze, Nino. “Foreign policy of the European Union towards the South Caucasus in 1992-2014.” 2015. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Kereselidze N. Foreign policy of the European Union towards the South Caucasus in 1992-2014. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of St. Andrews; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6824.
Council of Science Editors:
Kereselidze N. Foreign policy of the European Union towards the South Caucasus in 1992-2014. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of St. Andrews; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6824
University of St. Andrews
4.
Střítecký, Vit.
Anti-developmentalism and conflict : 'materialist' theory of ethnopolitical conflict : the case of Georgia.
Degree: 2010, University of St. Andrews
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/983
► This thesis seeks to provide a theoretical reasoning through which the political economic background of the post-Soviet transformation could be observed. The argument commences with…
(more)
▼ This thesis seeks to provide a theoretical reasoning through which the political economic background of the post-Soviet transformation could be observed. The argument commences with a critique of the perspectives derived from modernization theory and draws on ideas educed from the approaches of historical sociology, which essentially stress the role of the state breakdown in social transformation. The crucial analytical bridge between the historically-oriented knowledge of state formation and break up and the empirical reality of the Soviet state is provided by the theoretical insights originating from the world-system analysis distinguishing a particular class of developmentalist states that attempted to overcome underdevelopment and catch up with the Western core while applying revolutionary and often totalitarian strategies. These strategies, responding to the large structural processes and apparently diverging from the prevailing systemic 'capitalist' ideas, brought about fundamental social changes that later contributed to the fall of the Soviet developmentalist regime. The empirical part of the thesis follows the trajectories of these social changes in Georgia and illustrates how these transformations, expressed in class perspective, accounted for the violent transition of the Caucasian country in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
Advisors/Committee Members: Fawn, Rick (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Ethnic conflict – Former Soviet republics; Ethnic conflict – Georgia (Republic) – Case studies; Social change – Former Soviet republics; Social change – Georgia (Republic) – Case studies; HN530.Z9S62S8
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APA (6th Edition):
Střítecký, V. (2010). Anti-developmentalism and conflict : 'materialist' theory of ethnopolitical conflict : the case of Georgia. (Masters Thesis). University of St. Andrews. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10023/983
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Střítecký, Vit. “Anti-developmentalism and conflict : 'materialist' theory of ethnopolitical conflict : the case of Georgia.” 2010. Masters Thesis, University of St. Andrews. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/983.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Střítecký, Vit. “Anti-developmentalism and conflict : 'materialist' theory of ethnopolitical conflict : the case of Georgia.” 2010. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Střítecký V. Anti-developmentalism and conflict : 'materialist' theory of ethnopolitical conflict : the case of Georgia. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of St. Andrews; 2010. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/983.
Council of Science Editors:
Střítecký V. Anti-developmentalism and conflict : 'materialist' theory of ethnopolitical conflict : the case of Georgia. [Masters Thesis]. University of St. Andrews; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/983
University of St. Andrews
5.
Cruickshank, Neil A.
Power, civil society and contentious politics in post communist Europe.
Degree: 2008, University of St. Andrews
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/559
► This dissertation examines how contentious collective action in two post communist states, Poland and the Czech Republic, has broadened to include European and international actors.…
(more)
▼ This dissertation examines how contentious collective action in two post communist
states, Poland and the Czech Republic, has broadened to include European and
international actors. It identifies the emergence of new opportunities for contention
brought about by recent episodes of institutional change, specifically EU accession, and
questions how they benefit materially or politically weak NGOs. With the intention of
determining how three interrelated processes, democratization, Europeanization and
internationalization, affect the nature and scope of contentious politics, this dissertation
carries out an investigation of several concrete episodes of political mobilization and
contention. As shown these 'contentious events' involved a myriad of national, European
and international actors, mobilizing to challenge national policy. Data from NGO
questionnaires, interviews and newswire/newspaper archives are used to discern the
nature and scope of contentious collective action. This dissertation assesses the extent
to which transnationalization of advocacy politics has disrupted existing power
arrangements at the national level between NGOs and government.
Hypothesizing that European Union accession in 2004 changed the nature and scope of contentious collective action in post communist Europe, this dissertation undertakes a comparative empirical examination of three sectors, environment, women and Roma, and twenty-nine representative NGOs. My research identifies three important developments in the Polish and Czech nonprofit sector: first, European advocacy networks and institutions are helping national NGOs overcome power disparities at the national level; second, issues once confined to national political space have acquired a European dimension, and; third, despite Europeanization, a few notable policy issues (i.e. reproductive rights, nuclear energy and domestic violence) remain firmly under national jurisdiction. This dissertation contributes to existing collective action/post communist scholarship in three ways. It applies established theories of contention/collective action to several recent episodes of political mobilization; it confirms that post accession institutional change does offer new political opportunity structures to national NGOs, and finally; it presents new empirical research on post communist collective action.
Advisors/Committee Members: Fawn, Rick (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Contentious politics; European Union; Roma; Environmental groups; Poland; Czech Republic; NGOs; Advocacy networks; Women's rights
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APA (6th Edition):
Cruickshank, N. A. (2008). Power, civil society and contentious politics in post communist Europe. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of St. Andrews. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10023/559
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Cruickshank, Neil A. “Power, civil society and contentious politics in post communist Europe.” 2008. Doctoral Dissertation, University of St. Andrews. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/559.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Cruickshank, Neil A. “Power, civil society and contentious politics in post communist Europe.” 2008. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Cruickshank NA. Power, civil society and contentious politics in post communist Europe. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of St. Andrews; 2008. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/559.
Council of Science Editors:
Cruickshank NA. Power, civil society and contentious politics in post communist Europe. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of St. Andrews; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/559
University of St. Andrews
6.
Kupatadze, Alexander.
‘Transitions after transitions’ : coloured revolutions and organized crime in Georgia, Ukraine and Kyrgyzstan.
Degree: 2010, University of St. Andrews
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1320
► This dissertation addresses organized crime in post-Soviet Eurasia (Georgia, Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan) exploring the nexus between politics, business and crime. Based on extensive field research in…
(more)
▼ This dissertation addresses organized crime in post-Soviet Eurasia (Georgia, Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan) exploring the nexus between politics, business and crime. Based on extensive field research in the three countries the dissertation examines organized crime groups in the region and describes their inter-relationships with political and business elites, then discusses the impact of the three countries’ Coloured Revolutions on crime and corruption. The impacts of the revolutions on organized crime are situated in several variables, among them political opposition to incumbent regimes; the strength of civil society and the role of organized crime groups during the revolutionary processes; personal morals of the leaders and their views on cooperation with organized crime; and the presence and nature of the “pact” between outgoing and incoming elites.
The dissertation also takes into account larger explanatory variables, such as geography, natural resources, industry, and regional wars and documents their role in shaping organized crime. In accounting for the diverging patterns of the three countries in terms of post-revolutionary effects on crime and corruption, the role of the West, defined as a “push” factor for democratization, and the experience of earlier statehood are also considered.
The interaction between elites and criminals is regarded as a crucial part of state formation, and is characterized by shifting dominance between the actors of the underworld and upperworld. The thesis identifies points of cooperation and conflict between licit and illicit actors, and provides insight into the collusive nature of criminal networks in the post-Soviet context, arguing that the distinction between licit and illicit is frequently blurred and the representatives of the upperworld are sometimes key participants in organized criminal activity.
Advisors/Committee Members: Fawn, Rick (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Organized crime; Corruption; Smuggling; Georgia; Ukraine; Kyrgyzstan; HV6453.G47K8; Organized crime – Georgia (Republic); Organized crime – Ukraine; Organized crime – Kyrgyzstan; Political corruption – Georgia (Republic); Political corruption – Ukraine; Political corruption – Kyrgyzstan
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APA (6th Edition):
Kupatadze, A. (2010). ‘Transitions after transitions’ : coloured revolutions and organized crime in Georgia, Ukraine and Kyrgyzstan. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of St. Andrews. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1320
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kupatadze, Alexander. “‘Transitions after transitions’ : coloured revolutions and organized crime in Georgia, Ukraine and Kyrgyzstan.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, University of St. Andrews. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1320.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kupatadze, Alexander. “‘Transitions after transitions’ : coloured revolutions and organized crime in Georgia, Ukraine and Kyrgyzstan.” 2010. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Kupatadze A. ‘Transitions after transitions’ : coloured revolutions and organized crime in Georgia, Ukraine and Kyrgyzstan. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of St. Andrews; 2010. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1320.
Council of Science Editors:
Kupatadze A. ‘Transitions after transitions’ : coloured revolutions and organized crime in Georgia, Ukraine and Kyrgyzstan. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of St. Andrews; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1320
University of St. Andrews
7.
Carter, Helen.
Post-Communist enterprise restructuring in the Czech Republic : seven case studies.
Degree: 2003, University of St. Andrews
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14066
► Voucher privatisation was designed to effect a rapid transformation of state-owned enterprises into private ownership with as limited state intervention as possible. Premised on neo-classical…
(more)
▼ Voucher privatisation was designed to effect a rapid transformation of state-owned enterprises into private ownership with as limited state intervention as possible. Premised on neo-classical economic theory, the Czech government anticipated new private owners would emerge with greater incentives than the state to undertake restructuring and ensure the efficient operation of these firms. However, this thesis argues that for restructuring to occur, formal ownership patterns are less important than an ability to exercise control because of institutional influences. The de jure and de facto roles of owners, managers, and labour are discussed, showing how endogenous and exogenous factors affect their ability to dictate and control restructuring outcomes in voucher privatised firms. The thesis argues that observed post-privatisation restructuring outcomes cannot be understood without considering the institutional environment within which firms are situated. Institutions are conceived to comprise formal, informal and enforcement aspects, but also with a temporal dimension encapsulated by the use of path- dependency and embeddedness. The explanatory framework offered here is a modified version of new institutionalism perspectives, termed "embedded institutionalism". Case studies of seven firms privatised by voucher are presented in this study to demonstrate how the interaction of institutional influences, understood through embedded institutionalism, is the most appropriate framework for understanding postprivatisation restructuring processes in post-communist countries. This approach provides a synthesis between the theoretical expectations of neo-classical economic theory and the practical outworking of post-privatisation restructuring in Czech firms. Voucher privatisation was a novel scheme, and became the central aspect of the Klaus government's economic transformation. Important historical and contemporary institutional influences impacted on its design and implementation. However, it is argued that understanding privatisation and its effects on restructuring through embedded institutionalism negates the view that a unique Czech way of privatisation exists, and that observed outcomes are simply responses to the surrounding institutional environment.
Advisors/Committee Members: Fawn, Rick (advisor), Russell Trust (sponsor).
Subjects/Keywords: HD70.C9C2; Czech Republic – Economic policy – 1993-; Structural adjustment (Economic policy) – Czech Republic
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Carter, H. (2003). Post-Communist enterprise restructuring in the Czech Republic : seven case studies. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of St. Andrews. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14066
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Carter, Helen. “Post-Communist enterprise restructuring in the Czech Republic : seven case studies.” 2003. Doctoral Dissertation, University of St. Andrews. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14066.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Carter, Helen. “Post-Communist enterprise restructuring in the Czech Republic : seven case studies.” 2003. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Carter H. Post-Communist enterprise restructuring in the Czech Republic : seven case studies. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of St. Andrews; 2003. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14066.
Council of Science Editors:
Carter H. Post-Communist enterprise restructuring in the Czech Republic : seven case studies. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of St. Andrews; 2003. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14066
. 
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