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University of Southern California
1.
Reiland, Indrek.
Meaningfulness, rules, and use-conditional semantics.
Degree: PhD, Philosophy, 2014, University of Southern California
URL: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/421493/rec/3988
► My aim in this dissertation is to develop and defend a promising view of linguistic meaningfulness that I call the Rules view. On this view…
(more)
▼ My aim in this dissertation is to develop and defend a
promising view of linguistic meaningfulness that I call the Rules
view. On this view expressions have a meaning primarily in a public
language thought of as an abstract object not tied to any
particular community. And what it is for an expression to have a
meaning in such a language is for it to be governed by a rule that
entails that it is permissible to use it in certain conditions. ❧ I
first argue in Chapter 2 that we have a conclusive reason to prefer
the Rules view over alternative Conventions and Dispositions views.
I then show in Chapters 3-6 that it can allow the meaning of any
expression to be the same kind of thing by developing a
use‐conditional semantics for the representational core of natural
language, for indexicals and demonstratives, and for different
moods and conditionals. I also demonstrate throughout that the
use‐conditional framework is not only conservative in being
consistent with established frameworks, but is at the same time
considerably more flexible in allowing us to describe the meanings
of expressions they have trouble with.
Advisors/Committee Members: Schroeder, Mark (Committee Chair), Soames, Scott (Committee Member), Jeshion, Robin (Committee Member), Schein, Barry (Committee Member).
Subjects/Keywords: meaning; rules; convention; use-conditions; semantics
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APA (6th Edition):
Reiland, I. (2014). Meaningfulness, rules, and use-conditional semantics. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Southern California. Retrieved from http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/421493/rec/3988
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Reiland, Indrek. “Meaningfulness, rules, and use-conditional semantics.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Southern California. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/421493/rec/3988.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Reiland, Indrek. “Meaningfulness, rules, and use-conditional semantics.” 2014. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Reiland I. Meaningfulness, rules, and use-conditional semantics. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Southern California; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/421493/rec/3988.
Council of Science Editors:
Reiland I. Meaningfulness, rules, and use-conditional semantics. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Southern California; 2014. Available from: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/421493/rec/3988

University of Southern California
2.
Villanueva Chigne, Eduardo.
Constraining assertion: an account of
context-sensitivity.
Degree: PhD, Philosophy, 2012, University of Southern California
URL: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/26882/rec/1601
► We utter declarative sentences to assert propositions. Many of the sentences we utter for this purpose are context-sensitive: the propositions they are literally used to…
(more)
▼ We utter declarative sentences to assert propositions.
Many of the sentences we utter for this purpose are
context-sensitive: the propositions they are literally used to
assert can change from one context of utterance to another. For
example, if I tell you ‘I am talking to you’, I assert a
proposition that is different from the proposition you would assert
if you uttered it. However, the relation between these propositions
and the linguistic meaning of the sentence is the same: the
linguistic meaning of ‘I am talking to you’ fully determines, for
every context, what is asserted by a literal utterance of it. Cases
like this have led many philosophers to believe that if S is an
unambiguous, context-sensitive, declarative sentence and p is a
proposition asserted (without conversational implicatures) by a
literal utterance of S in a context c, then p is fully determined
by the linguistic meaning of S in c. I call this belief ‘Semantic
Determinism’. ❧ This dissertation has two main goals. The first is
to challenge Semantic Determinism and the second is to propose an
alternative theory of the relationship between the meanings of
context-sensitive sentences and the contents they are literally
used to assert. I show that semantic theories committed to Semantic
Determinism have real difficulties accounting for ordinary uses of
sentences containing linguistic constructions such as prenominal
possessives, compound nominals, and indexicals. Thus, I propose an
alternative view I call ‘Semantic Guidance’. According to Semantic
Guidance, the linguistic meaning of an unambiguous,
context-sensitive, declarative sentence S merely provides speakers
with an assertion checklist, i.e., a non-exhaustive set of
conditions that every literal use of S must satisfy in order to
result in an assertion. Assertion checklists play two fundamental
roles: they help speakers to ensure their literal uses of S result
in assertions of the propositions they intend to communicate, and
(ii) they guide hearers towards the asserted contents intended by
speakers without fixing them. I show how this account not only can
explain the data semantic theories committed to Semantic
Determinism explain best, but also is able to handle a wider range
of data. ❧ The dissertation proceeds as follows. In the first
chapter, I examine a recent theory called ‘Semantic Minimalism’,
which holds that the meanings of unambiguous indexical-free
declarative sentences are always full-fledged propositions. It
further maintains that since those propositions can be grasped and
reported across different contexts, those sentences are
context-insensitive. The few context-sensitive expressions in
natural language are the Kaplanian indexicals. I argue against this
view and show the different ways in which indexical-free sentences
can be context-sensitive. Once this is seen, the Semantic
Determinism presupposed by Semantic Minimalism falls by the
wayside. ❧ The next two chapters are devoted to detailed analyzes
of two linguistic constructions that pose serious difficulties to
any theory…
Advisors/Committee Members: Soames, Scott (Committee Chair), Schroeder, Mark (Committee Member), Schein, Barry (Committee Member).
Subjects/Keywords: context sensitivity; assertion; constraint; prenominal possessives; compound nominals; indexicals; semantics; pragmatics; semantic minimalism; meaning; philosophy of language
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Villanueva Chigne, E. (2012). Constraining assertion: an account of
context-sensitivity. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Southern California. Retrieved from http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/26882/rec/1601
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Villanueva Chigne, Eduardo. “Constraining assertion: an account of
context-sensitivity.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Southern California. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/26882/rec/1601.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Villanueva Chigne, Eduardo. “Constraining assertion: an account of
context-sensitivity.” 2012. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Villanueva Chigne E. Constraining assertion: an account of
context-sensitivity. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Southern California; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/26882/rec/1601.
Council of Science Editors:
Villanueva Chigne E. Constraining assertion: an account of
context-sensitivity. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Southern California; 2012. Available from: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/26882/rec/1601

University of Southern California
3.
Schmitt, Johannes V.
Iffy confidence.
Degree: PhD, Philosophy, 2012, University of Southern California
URL: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/82653/rec/3346
► In Iffy Confidence, I investigate indicative conditional sentences and assimilate two non-descriptivist theories of the meaning of these sentences, a simple expressivist theory and a…
(more)
▼ In Iffy Confidence, I investigate indicative
conditional sentences and assimilate two non-descriptivist theories
of the meaning of these sentences, a simple expressivist theory and
a theory using the resources of dynamic semantics. This
assimilation is made possible through the construction of a
non-standard dynamic semantic framework. The dynamic semantic
framework relies on a more fine-grained representation of
information, a representation in terms of sets of probability
functions, and enables us to vindicate central commitments of both
theories while extending the range of sentences involving
conditionals that each of the theories makes predictions about. I
argue that defenders of non-descriptivism about conditionals should
abandon the simple expressivist view and adopt an extended dynamic
theory that relies on my construction.
Advisors/Committee Members: Schroeder, Mark (Committee Chair), Schein, Barry (Committee Member), Easwaran, Kenny (Committee Member).
Subjects/Keywords: conditionals; if..then; probability; credence; conditional probability; dynamic semantics; epistemic modals; expressivism about conditionals
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
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APA (6th Edition):
Schmitt, J. V. (2012). Iffy confidence. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Southern California. Retrieved from http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/82653/rec/3346
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Schmitt, Johannes V. “Iffy confidence.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Southern California. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/82653/rec/3346.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Schmitt, Johannes V. “Iffy confidence.” 2012. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Schmitt JV. Iffy confidence. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Southern California; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/82653/rec/3346.
Council of Science Editors:
Schmitt JV. Iffy confidence. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Southern California; 2012. Available from: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/82653/rec/3346

University of Southern California
4.
Bowman, Brian.
Linguistic understanding and semantic theory.
Degree: PhD, Philosophy, 2012, University of Southern California
URL: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/63752/rec/3835
► This book defends a theory of linguistic understanding, or what is alternatively called linguistic competence or semantic competence; it also defends a view about how…
(more)
▼ This book defends a theory of linguistic
understanding, or what is alternatively called linguistic
competence or semantic competence; it also defends a view about how
linguistic understanding is related to semantic theory. The central
target for a theory of understanding is to answer the question,
“What is it to understand and competently use a language?” It is
natural to think that understanding a language is a matter of
knowing what various expressions in the language mean. Since
semantic theory is a theory of what various expressions in a
language mean, it is a natural and widely held view that linguistic
understanding is simply a matter of knowing something like a
semantic theory. According to this view, we essentially arrive at
the best theory of understanding by pointing to the best semantic
theory and simply saying that to understand and be competent with a
language is to know that. Thus, the theory of understanding has
been thought by many to be a trivial offspring of semantic theory,
and the theory of understanding is generally passed over as an
independent topic of inquiry. I argue, however, that linguistic
understanding cannot simply be a matter of knowing a semantic
theory. I develop a theory of understanding distinct from semantic
theory, explain how the two are related, and why both are
essential. ❧ Four major threads run through the chapters. First is
a proposal about how to understand competent use. A theory of
understanding must begin with a characterization of the linguistic
abilities we are trying to account for. Competence consists in at
least three abilities: referential competence, recognitional
competence, and inferential competence. Referential competence is
the ability to use a word with its meaning – using it in various
sentences to make assertions, commands or promises, to ask
questions, and form linguistically mediated thoughts (I will
henceforth only mention the case of assertion). For example, a
speaker is referentially competent with the name ‘Felicity’ if she
can use it to refer to Felicity and thus, among many other things,
use the sentence ‘Felicity is a horse’ to assert that Felicity is a
horse. It is widely accepted in the literature that we can
successfully use certain words, such as names and some natural kind
terms (i.e. ‘elm’), without knowing much about their reference or
meaning. I argue that the relevant sense of successful use in these
cases is referential competence. I extend this idea by arguing that
mere referential competence is possible for a much greater variety
of expressions, including some that carry a higher standard of
understanding (‘red’, ‘bachelor’, ‘horse’ etc.). Such words do
carry a higher standard of understanding, but this doesn’t mean
mere referential competence isn’t possible, only that there is a
larger gap between mere referential competence and a “normal” level
of understanding. The gap is filled in my view by recognitional
and/or inferential competence. ❧ A speaker is recognitionally
competent with a word to the extent that she can recognize…
Advisors/Committee Members: Soames, Scott (Committee Chair), Wilson, George (Committee Member), Schein, Barry (Committee Member).
Subjects/Keywords: linguistic understanding; semantic competence; linguistic competence; knowledge of meaning; knowledge of reference; semantic theory; reference; direct reference; semantic externalism
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Bowman, B. (2012). Linguistic understanding and semantic theory. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Southern California. Retrieved from http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/63752/rec/3835
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Bowman, Brian. “Linguistic understanding and semantic theory.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Southern California. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/63752/rec/3835.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Bowman, Brian. “Linguistic understanding and semantic theory.” 2012. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Bowman B. Linguistic understanding and semantic theory. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Southern California; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/63752/rec/3835.
Council of Science Editors:
Bowman B. Linguistic understanding and semantic theory. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Southern California; 2012. Available from: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/63752/rec/3835

University of Southern California
5.
Snedegar, Justin L.
Contrastive reasons.
Degree: PhD, Philosophy, 2013, University of Southern California
URL: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/226299/rec/1634
► This dissertation develops and defends a contrastive view of normative reasons, according to which they are fundamentally reasons for one thing rather than an- other,…
(more)
▼ This dissertation develops and defends a contrastive
view of normative reasons, according to which they are
fundamentally reasons for one thing rather than an- other, or for
one thing out of some range of alternatives. Reasons for something
relative to one set of alternatives may not be reasons for that
same thing relative to some other alternatives. This is in
opposition to nearly all existing work on reasons, which assumes
without argument—even without mention—that reasons are reasons for
actions simpliciter, independently of what we’re comparing the
action to. ❧ I argue that this contrastive view is supported by (i)
our talk about reasons, (ii) the idea that reasons favor the things
they are reasons for, and (iii) the idea that reasons involve the
promotion of things like desires, goals, or values. These arguments
build, step by step, to a detailed version of contrastivism that
can both claim advantages over the traditional non-contrastive
picture and avoid problems that face less well-developed versions
of contrastivism. ❧ One thread running through the dissertation is
an exploration of the depth of contrastivism. Chapter 2 argues that
contrastivism goes at least as deep as our use of the word
‘reason’—this word (as used to ascribe normative reasons) should be
given a contrastive treatment. Chapter 3 argues that contrastivism
actually goes deeper, to the normative reason, or favoring,
relation that normative philosophers are concerned with. Chapter 4,
though, argues for a somewhat moderate contrastive theory. The
normative reason relation is indeed contrastive, but we need not—in
fact, we’d better not—adopt the deepest possible form of
contrastivism. ❧ Given the central place of reasons in normative
philosophy, we should expect that contrastivism will have upshots
throughout areas like ethics, practical rational- ity, and
epistemology. In the final two chapters of this dissertation, I
start to explore this idea. This is just a start, but it suggests
that exploring further applications for contrastivism is likely to
be a fruitful area for future research.
Advisors/Committee Members: Schroeder, Mark (Committee Chair), Finlay, Stephen (Committee Member), Wedgwood, Ralph (Committee Member), Schein, Barry (Committee Member).
Subjects/Keywords: philosophy; metaethics; practical rationality; reasons; contrastivism
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Snedegar, J. L. (2013). Contrastive reasons. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Southern California. Retrieved from http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/226299/rec/1634
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Snedegar, Justin L. “Contrastive reasons.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Southern California. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/226299/rec/1634.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Snedegar, Justin L. “Contrastive reasons.” 2013. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Snedegar JL. Contrastive reasons. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Southern California; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/226299/rec/1634.
Council of Science Editors:
Snedegar JL. Contrastive reasons. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Southern California; 2013. Available from: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/226299/rec/1634

University of Southern California
6.
Georgi, Geoffrey B.
Demonstratives in logic and natural language.
Degree: PhD, Philosophy, 2011, University of Southern California
URL: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll127/id/644309/rec/1834
► In this dissertation, I provide (i) a semantics for simple and complex singular demonstratives in English, (ii) a theory of how the reference of a…
(more)
▼ In this dissertation, I provide (i) a semantics for
simple and complex singular demonstratives in English, (ii) a
theory of how the reference of a referential use of a singular
demonstrative is determined in the context of the use, and (iii) a
logic of demonstratives that allows us to accurately represent our
reasoning with demonstratives. The last project requires rejecting
David Kaplan's original definitions of validity and logical truth
for languages containing context-sensitive expressions; according
to the alternative I propose, a sentence φ can be logically
true, or an argument valid, relative to one context but not
another. This allows us to explain why we can use an argument
containing demonstratives in one situation and seem to reason well,
but use the same argument in a different situation and seem to
reason poorly. Crucial to this view is to recognise the distinction
between referential and non-referential uses of demonstratives,
where referential uses are distinguished by a particular kind of
referential intention with which the speaker uses the
demonstrative. The semantic theory I propose accounts for both
standard referential uses and deferred referential uses of
demonstratives, while preserving the classic intuitions about
direct reference for standard uses. I defend this semantic proposal
against several objections and compare it to the most important
alternatives currently available in the linguistic and
philosophical literature.
Advisors/Committee Members: Soames, Scott (Committee Chair), Higginbotham, James (Committee Member), Schein, Barry (Committee Member).
Subjects/Keywords: demonstratives; reference; logic; semantics
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Georgi, G. B. (2011). Demonstratives in logic and natural language. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Southern California. Retrieved from http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll127/id/644309/rec/1834
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Georgi, Geoffrey B. “Demonstratives in logic and natural language.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Southern California. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll127/id/644309/rec/1834.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Georgi, Geoffrey B. “Demonstratives in logic and natural language.” 2011. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Georgi GB. Demonstratives in logic and natural language. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Southern California; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll127/id/644309/rec/1834.
Council of Science Editors:
Georgi GB. Demonstratives in logic and natural language. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Southern California; 2011. Available from: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll127/id/644309/rec/1834

University of Southern California
7.
Weil, Jonathan Munich.
Dispositions: properties of powers.
Degree: PhD, Philosophy, 2011, University of Southern California
URL: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/158828/rec/2043
► There is an intuitive distinction between dispositional properties—which involve powers to act in certain ways, and non-dispositional ones—which comprise strictly categorical qualities. However, this distinction…
(more)
▼ There is an intuitive distinction between
dispositional properties—which involve powers to act in certain
ways, and non-dispositional ones—which comprise strictly
categorical qualities. However, this distinction is resistant to
analysis, particularly on the side of dispositions, in ways that to
many suggest all dispositions should be explained away in terms of
categorical properties. I argue that dispositions cannot be
entirely accounted for in this manner. Instead, dispositions are
among the most fundamental properties of the world. As such they
are crucial components of any successful ontology. ❧ In particular,
I maintain that certain kinds of properties are exclusively
dispositional. To argue for this position I first detail some
important conceptual space in the philosophical literature on
dispositions. Doing so involves precisely elucidating several major
points of contention. These include epistemological and linguistic
concerns regarding the necessary and sufficient conditions for
ascriptions of dispositions. In addition certain metaphysical
questions about dispositions are at issue—most important whether
fundamental properties can be purely dispositional. Ultimately I
appeal to a characterization of the scientific project to support
the claim that brute powers do exist, and argue that this in turn
counts in favor of a related account of dispositions. Along the way
I detail more general theories of dispositions reflected by various
approaches to answering these contentious questions.
Advisors/Committee Members: Van Cleve, James (Committee Chair), Higginbotham, James (Committee Member), Schein, Barry (Committee Member).
Subjects/Keywords: dispsitions; philosophy; metaphysics
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Weil, J. M. (2011). Dispositions: properties of powers. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Southern California. Retrieved from http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/158828/rec/2043
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Weil, Jonathan Munich. “Dispositions: properties of powers.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Southern California. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/158828/rec/2043.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Weil, Jonathan Munich. “Dispositions: properties of powers.” 2011. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Weil JM. Dispositions: properties of powers. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Southern California; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/158828/rec/2043.
Council of Science Editors:
Weil JM. Dispositions: properties of powers. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Southern California; 2011. Available from: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/158828/rec/2043

University of Southern California
8.
Lennertz, Benjamin.
Reasoning with uncertainty and epistemic modals.
Degree: PhD, Philosophy, 2014, University of Southern California
URL: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/425853/rec/5437
► My dissertation presents complementary views of reasoning with uncertainty and communicating in situations of reasoning with uncertainty. Reasoning with uncertainty proceeds from the possibilities an…
(more)
▼ My dissertation presents complementary views of
reasoning with uncertainty and communicating in situations of
reasoning with uncertainty. Reasoning with uncertainty proceeds
from the possibilities an agent takes as options, rather than those
that are merely consistent with her information or that she has
positive credence in. I develop a descriptive and normative picture
of such reasoning. This view of reasoning informs my account of
epistemic communication, according to which agents typically use
epistemic 'might'-sentences to coordinate collective reasoning with
uncertainty. They do so by indirectly expressing attitudes of
taking a proposition as an option in reasoning. This view of the
pragmatics of epistemic communication is compatible with the
traditional theory of the semantics of such sentences. Furthermore,
it is able to solve a number of challenges raised for that theory
by focusing on what speakers typically use epistemic sentences to
do—rather than focusing on the meanings of these
sentences.
Advisors/Committee Members: Soames, ScottSchroeder, Mark (Committee Chair), Finlay, Stephen (Committee Member), Schein, Barry (Committee Member).
Subjects/Keywords: epistemic modals; uncertainty; pragmatics; contextualism
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Lennertz, B. (2014). Reasoning with uncertainty and epistemic modals. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Southern California. Retrieved from http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/425853/rec/5437
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Lennertz, Benjamin. “Reasoning with uncertainty and epistemic modals.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Southern California. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/425853/rec/5437.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Lennertz, Benjamin. “Reasoning with uncertainty and epistemic modals.” 2014. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Lennertz B. Reasoning with uncertainty and epistemic modals. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Southern California; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/425853/rec/5437.
Council of Science Editors:
Lennertz B. Reasoning with uncertainty and epistemic modals. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Southern California; 2014. Available from: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/425853/rec/5437

University of Southern California
9.
Vecchiato, Antonella.
Events in the grammar of direct and indirect
causation.
Degree: PhD, Linguistics, 2011, University of Southern California
URL: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll127/id/662963/rec/2549
► This work investigates the differences between two widespread types of causative constructions: the so called lexical causative as in ""Gianna opened the door"" or the…
(more)
▼ This work investigates the differences between two
widespread types of causative constructions: the so called lexical
causative as in ""Gianna opened the door"" or the corresponding
Italian sentence ""Gianna ha aperto la porta"" , and the
periphrastic causative, as in the Italian ""Gianna ha fatto aprire
la porta"" (Gianna had the door opened/made the door open),
assuming as theoretical framework a neo-Davidsonian Events
Semantics. Within this framework both these constructions are best
analysed as denoting two events in a causal relation, therefore the
question of pinpointing the sources of their differences is
essential to answer to those critiques that on the their basis deny
the lexical causative denotes more than one event. I consider these
differences in a systematic way in their morpho-syntactic,
semantic, pragmatic and conceptual aspects. ❧ The main evidence for
decomposing the lexical causative semantically in Cause (e, e') is
adverbial modification, since many adverbs can be interpreted as
modifying only the event e or the event e' in the causal chain. The
be-eventive analysis of the lexical causative solves these
ambiguity issues but also creates a puzzle to the extent that not
all adverbs can modify only the effect. The solution based on the
morphological distribution of adverbs into those that can and those
that cannot modify below VPs, is that the lexical causative is a
silent morpheme embedding roots or some other lexemes, but not VPs
(Pylkkänen 2008). Other possible approaches to this puzzle prove
empirically incorrect. Adverbial modification data have also been
the source of the debate whether the lexical causative should
denote a super-event conceptually analysed in its sub-events,
rather than two events in a causal chain (Pietroski 2000,
Schein
2002). The bi-eventive analysis proves to be the best solution. ❧
As for of the periphrastic causative, I follow Folli and Harley
(2007) in “updating” its account with the most recent
decompositional finding in syntax. I depart from them, however, in
the specific syntactic analysis and in the semantic treatment that
in their analysis is not developed, accounting thus for old and new
data. Fare is a light verbs embedding only verbalized material
independently possible for a verb (not roots). This embedding
pattern accounts for all the different fare constructions. In
particular, my account of faire par is a rehabilitation of those
theories that in a more lexicalist approach claim that in this
construction fare embeds a passive, and it is possible within a
purely syntactic approach only because I assume disjoint
projections for the causative morpheme and the Agent theta role.
The assumed syntax has semantic repercussions to the extent that
the faire infinitif construction is analysed as [Cause (e, e') and
Agent (e', x) and Cause (e', e""), while the faire par construction
as [Cause (e, e') and Cause (e', e"")]. The semantic difference
between the two constructions thus boils down to the Agent of fare
causing the Agent of the embedded verb to do something in…
Advisors/Committee Members: Schein, Barry (Committee Chair), Higginbotham, James (Committee Member), Borer, Hagit (Committee Member), Jeshion, Robin (Committee Member).
Subjects/Keywords: direct causation; faire infinitif; faire par; fare; lexical causative; pragmatic derivation of indirect causation; causatives; Italian; events semantics; adverbs
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Vecchiato, A. (2011). Events in the grammar of direct and indirect
causation. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Southern California. Retrieved from http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll127/id/662963/rec/2549
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Vecchiato, Antonella. “Events in the grammar of direct and indirect
causation.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Southern California. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll127/id/662963/rec/2549.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Vecchiato, Antonella. “Events in the grammar of direct and indirect
causation.” 2011. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Vecchiato A. Events in the grammar of direct and indirect
causation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Southern California; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll127/id/662963/rec/2549.
Council of Science Editors:
Vecchiato A. Events in the grammar of direct and indirect
causation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Southern California; 2011. Available from: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll127/id/662963/rec/2549

University of Southern California
10.
Kim, Hyuna Byun.
Reference time in the dynamics of temporal dependency in
Korean.
Degree: PhD, Linguistics, 2011, University of Southern California
URL: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll127/id/473519/rec/5470
► This dissertation investigates the temporal interpretation of subordinate clauses, aiming to provide a uniform account for the temporal interpretation of both matrix and subordinate clauses…
(more)
▼ This dissertation investigates the temporal
interpretation of subordinate clauses, aiming to provide a uniform
account for the temporal interpretation of both matrix and
subordinate clauses in Korean. To this end, I propose a non-deictic
analysis of tense in Korean that treats tense as a function
denoting a binary temporal relation, not necessarily tied to
deiticity, the same way for both matrix and subordinate clauses. I
claim that the important element of tense responsible for a deictic
or anaphoric interpretation of clauses is a Reference time, a
temporal argument of tense, which I treat as a temporal pro in this
paper. Thus, the proposed tense system of Korean is simple and neat
in that a tense morpheme refers to either an anterior or
overlapping relation across the board, maintaining its meaning
independent of the context where it appears. Yet, the choice of the
antecedent of a temporal pro and the restrictions posed on it
determine the temporal interpretation of matrix and subordinate
tenses. Therefore, the semantic interpretation of tense heavily
relies on what a Reference time of tense can take as its
antecedent.; The proposed tense system has advantages in accounting
for the phenomena which are otherwise attributed to lexical
idiosyncrasies of Korean tense morphemes. The peculiar future time
interpretation of a past tense morpheme as well as the so-called
historic present tense is well explained in terms of the choice of
the temporal antecedent of a Reference time. Under the proposed
analysis, the meaning of a past or present tense morpheme remains
constant, not adding any idiosyncratic lexical meaning of the given
morpheme: the peculiar meanings come from the fact that a context
selects a certain (contextually) salient time as the antecedent of
a Reference time over a Speech time, which is the default reference
time. Also, the proposed analysis, where the deictic versus
anterior past tense distinction does not hold anymore, is able to
accounts for the temporal meaning of a double form of `-ess-ess-'
in terms of its temporal presupposition.; More importantly, turning
to the temporal interpretation of subordinate tenses, this
dissertation provides a novel account for the long standing issue
of the temporal difference between complement and relative clauses.
The present analysis reaches the solution by combining
Higginbotham's (2002a, 2006) temporal movement analysis along with
Giorgi's (2010) theory of indexicality. The main difference between
complement c and relative clause tenses is accounted for by the
presence/absence of the obligatory movement of a temporal pro to
the binding position in Spec of a CP, following Higginbotham
(2002a, 2006). The movement is justified when we consider that the
speaker's coordinates introduced to every sentence can bind the
temporal pro, yielding an indexical interpretation, but the
movement to the peripheral position in Spec of a CP gets the
temporal pro out of the domain, resulting in an anaphoric
interpretation only. In contrast, the movement is optional in
relative…
Advisors/Committee Members: Higginbotham, James (Committee Chair), Pancheva, Roumyana (Committee Member), Schein, Barry (Committee Member), Simpson, Andrew (Committee Member), Soames, Scott (Committee Member).
Subjects/Keywords: reference time; tense; temporal dependency; Korean; indexicality
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Kim, H. B. (2011). Reference time in the dynamics of temporal dependency in
Korean. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Southern California. Retrieved from http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll127/id/473519/rec/5470
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kim, Hyuna Byun. “Reference time in the dynamics of temporal dependency in
Korean.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Southern California. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll127/id/473519/rec/5470.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kim, Hyuna Byun. “Reference time in the dynamics of temporal dependency in
Korean.” 2011. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Kim HB. Reference time in the dynamics of temporal dependency in
Korean. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Southern California; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll127/id/473519/rec/5470.
Council of Science Editors:
Kim HB. Reference time in the dynamics of temporal dependency in
Korean. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Southern California; 2011. Available from: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll127/id/473519/rec/5470

University of Southern California
11.
Nair, Gopal Shyam.
Reasons, obligations, and the structure of good
reasoning.
Degree: PhD, Philosophy, 2014, University of Southern California
URL: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/453743/rec/5438
► This dissertation concerns a series of overlapping structural questions in normative theory. Chapters one and two focus on metaphysical, epistemological, and logical issues in ethics,…
(more)
▼ This dissertation concerns a series of overlapping
structural questions in normative theory. Chapters one and two
focus on metaphysical, epistemological, and logical issues in
ethics, in particular, issues concerning what we ought to do, what
we have reason to do, and how reasons and 'ought's are connected.
Chapter two develops a theory of good reasoning about what we ought
to do and what we have reason to do. It provides a bridge between
the issues in ethics discussed in chapter one and two and the
issues in philosophical logic and epistemology concerning the
nature and structure of good reasoning that take center stage in
chapter three and four.
Advisors/Committee Members: Schroeder, Mark (Committee Chair), Wedgwood, Ralph (Committee Member), Finlay, Stephen (Committee Member), Uzquiano-Cruz, Gabriel (Committee Member), Schein, Barry (Committee Member).
Subjects/Keywords: reasons; obligations; oughts; reasoning; moral dilemmas; cumulative transitivity; deontic logic
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Nair, G. S. (2014). Reasons, obligations, and the structure of good
reasoning. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Southern California. Retrieved from http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/453743/rec/5438
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Nair, Gopal Shyam. “Reasons, obligations, and the structure of good
reasoning.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Southern California. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/453743/rec/5438.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Nair, Gopal Shyam. “Reasons, obligations, and the structure of good
reasoning.” 2014. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Nair GS. Reasons, obligations, and the structure of good
reasoning. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Southern California; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/453743/rec/5438.
Council of Science Editors:
Nair GS. Reasons, obligations, and the structure of good
reasoning. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Southern California; 2014. Available from: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/453743/rec/5438

University of Southern California
12.
Holsinger, Edward M.
Cutting the mustard: an experimental investigation of
idiomatic expressions in the lexicon.
Degree: PhD, Linguistics, 2011, University of Southern California
URL: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll127/id/672735/rec/1747
► Much of the work in theoretical and experimental linguistics has focused upon compositional language, viewing non-compositional expressions such as idioms (e.g. kick the bucket) as…
(more)
▼ Much of the work in theoretical and experimental
linguistics has focused upon compositional language, viewing
non-compositional expressions such as idioms (e.g. kick the bucket)
as exceptional cases in the language system. Early research into
these expressions treated them as unanalyzed words-with-spaces
(Bobrow & Bell, 1973; Swinney & Cutler, 1979), while more
recent work places more emphasis upon their structural properties
(Cacciari & Tabossi, 1988; Cutting & Bock, 1997; Sprenger,
Levelt & Kempen, 2006). However there is still disagreement
regarding the representation of idiomatic expressions in the
lexicon, and the role of literal processing in the processing of
idioms. This dissertation examines three primary questions (i) how
are idioms represented structurally, (ii) how are idioms stored in
the lexicon, and related to other elements in lexical space, and
(iii) how do individuals process expressions ambiguous between an
idiomatic and literal sense. We report the results of three
distinct experimental investigations designed to address these
questions. The results of our experiments suggest that idiomatic
expressions are represented as structural frames in the lexicon and
are sensitive to syntactic context during on-line processing (Exp
3a, 3b) and that idiomatic expressions, such as kick the bucket,
are lexically related to their literal components kick and bucket
such that access to the idiomatic representation is mediated by
activation of its literal pieces (Exp, 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b).
Additionally, we present evidence that some degree of literal
processing of idiomatic expressions is obligatory (Exp 1, 2, 4a,
4b) even in semantic contexts that strongly disfavor the literal
interpretation of these strings. We present our results as they
apply to models of idiom representation and
processing.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kaiser, Elsi (Committee Chair), Mintz, Toben (Committee Member), Schein, Barry (Committee Member), Tjan, Bosco S. (Committee Member).
Subjects/Keywords: idioms; psycholinguistics; eye-tracking
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Holsinger, E. M. (2011). Cutting the mustard: an experimental investigation of
idiomatic expressions in the lexicon. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Southern California. Retrieved from http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll127/id/672735/rec/1747
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Holsinger, Edward M. “Cutting the mustard: an experimental investigation of
idiomatic expressions in the lexicon.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Southern California. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll127/id/672735/rec/1747.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Holsinger, Edward M. “Cutting the mustard: an experimental investigation of
idiomatic expressions in the lexicon.” 2011. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Holsinger EM. Cutting the mustard: an experimental investigation of
idiomatic expressions in the lexicon. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Southern California; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll127/id/672735/rec/1747.
Council of Science Editors:
Holsinger EM. Cutting the mustard: an experimental investigation of
idiomatic expressions in the lexicon. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Southern California; 2011. Available from: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll127/id/672735/rec/1747

University of Southern California
13.
Tomaszewicz, Barbara Maria.
Superlative ambiguities: a comparative perspective.
Degree: PhD, Linguistics, 2015, University of Southern California
URL: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/563721/rec/6225
► This dissertation presents an account of the cross-linguistic differences in the range of interpretations available to sentences with superlative expressions, such as 'the most expensive…
(more)
▼ This dissertation presents an account of the
cross-linguistic differences in the range of interpretations
available to sentences with superlative expressions, such as 'the
most expensive cake'. It is shown that presence of the definite
determiner 'the' (obligatory in languages like English) precludes
the full range of superlative readings that are available with
morphologically indefinite superlatives in languages like Bulgarian
or Polish. Previous approaches are unable to capture this
cross-linguistic generalization. We provide a unified account
arguing that the superlative morpheme -est is constrained to
DP-internal scope in the presence of 'the' (semantic island effect)
and that it obligatorily associates with focus when it scopes
DP-externally in the absence of 'the'. Even though an analysis
based on scope alone can account for all the available readings, we
provide empirical arguments that focus is necessary for the
readings derived by DP-external scope.
Advisors/Committee Members: Pancheva, Roumyana (Committee Chair), Sharvit, Yael (Committee Member), Zubizarreta, Maria Luisa (Committee Member), Schein, Barry (Committee Member), Seifrid, Thomas (Committee Member), Kaiser, Elsi (Committee Member).
Subjects/Keywords: superlatives; degree semantics; scope; focus; definiteness; semantic islands; syntax-semantics interface
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Tomaszewicz, B. M. (2015). Superlative ambiguities: a comparative perspective. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Southern California. Retrieved from http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/563721/rec/6225
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Tomaszewicz, Barbara Maria. “Superlative ambiguities: a comparative perspective.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Southern California. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/563721/rec/6225.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Tomaszewicz, Barbara Maria. “Superlative ambiguities: a comparative perspective.” 2015. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Tomaszewicz BM. Superlative ambiguities: a comparative perspective. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Southern California; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/563721/rec/6225.
Council of Science Editors:
Tomaszewicz BM. Superlative ambiguities: a comparative perspective. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Southern California; 2015. Available from: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/563721/rec/6225

University of Southern California
14.
Shanklin, Robert E., III.
On good and 'good'.
Degree: PhD, Philosophy, 7, University of Southern California
URL: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll127/id/632791/rec/4523
► Many fundamental questions in Ethics concern the nature and structure of goodness. While investigations of goodness have often attended to the variety of ways in…
(more)
▼ Many fundamental questions in Ethics concern the
nature and structure of goodness. While investigations of goodness
have often attended to the variety of ways in which we use the word
‘good,’ I take a distinctive approach by turning to recent results
from theoretical Linguistics. Cross-linguistic evidence strongly
suggests that ‘good’ has a single meaning. However, a close look at
the formal grammar of ‘good’ suggests that there are indeed
robustly distinct ways in which we use ‘good,’ which do not
collapse into some fundamental or paradigmatic one (as some have
argued). Hence, I motivate and defend the view that ‘good’ is
highly contextually sensitive such that its interpretation is
affected not only by the various contexts in which we use it, but
also by the various sentences in which we use it. In light of these
insights, I propose answers to fundamental questions such as “which
of the various uses of ‘good’ are ethically significant?”…“what, if
anything, do all good things have in common?”…“is goodness a
property?” and “what relations does moral goodness bear to other
sorts of goodness?”
Advisors/Committee Members: Higginbotham, James (Committee Chair), Schroeder, Mark (Committee Member), Finlay, Stephen (Committee Member), Schein, Barry (Committee Member).
Subjects/Keywords: metaethics; value; goodness; moral; language; linguistics; good
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Shanklin, Robert E., I. (7). On good and 'good'. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Southern California. Retrieved from http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll127/id/632791/rec/4523
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Shanklin, Robert E., III. “On good and 'good'.” 7. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Southern California. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll127/id/632791/rec/4523.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Shanklin, Robert E., III. “On good and 'good'.” 7. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Shanklin, Robert E. I. On good and 'good'. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Southern California; 7. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll127/id/632791/rec/4523.
Council of Science Editors:
Shanklin, Robert E. I. On good and 'good'. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Southern California; 7. Available from: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll127/id/632791/rec/4523
.