+publisher:"University of Saskatchewan" +contributor:("Penner, Gregory B.")

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University of Saskatchewan

1. Rosser, Christine. Effect of the maturity at harvest of whole-crop barley and oat on dry matter intake, forage selection, and digestibility when fed to beef cattle.

Degree: 2014, University of Saskatchewan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2014-12-1880

► The objective of this research was to determine the effect of stage of maturity at the time of harvest for barley and oat whole-crop forage… (more)

▼ The objective of this research was to determine the effect of stage of maturity at the time of harvest for barley and oat whole-crop forage on feed intake, ruminal fermentation and digestibility, and the impact forage allocation has on intake and ruminal fermentation. In the first 2 studies, whole-crop barley (Study 1; c.v. CDC Cowboy) and oat (Study 2; c.v. CDC Weaver) forage were harvested at the late milk (LM), hard dough (HD) and ripe (RP) stages and offered ad libitum to ruminally cannulated heifers. Diets were supplemented in an attempt to balance crude protein (CP) among treatments. Heifer performance, dry matter intake (DMI), ruminal fermentation parameters, ruminal digestibility, and total tract digestibility were evaluated. In Study 3, whole-crop oat (c.v. CDC Weaver) forage harvested at HD and RP was offered ad libitum to ruminally cannulated heifers in either daily (1-D) or 3 d (3-D) allocations. Dry matter intake and ruminal fermentation parameters were measured. In Study 1, harvest maturity of barley did not affect DMI (P = 0.70; average 5.4 kg/d) or average daily gain (ADG; P = 0.64). Total tract digestibility was decreased for barley harvested at HD (P = 0.003), but harvest maturity did not affect daily digestible energy (DE) intake (P = 0.52). Minimum ruminal pH for heifers fed the barley forage was lowest for LM (6.09), intermediate for RP (6.13), and greatest for HD (6.25; P = 0.016). Total short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations were not affected by harvest maturity (P = 0.36). In Study 2, harvest maturity of whole-crop oat did not affect DMI (P = 0.26; average 8.1 kg/d) or ADG (P = 0.52). There were no effects of harvest maturity of oat forage on total tract digestibility (P = 0.78) or daily DE intake (P = 0.68). The minimum ruminal pH from heifers fed oat forage was lowest for HD (5.84; P = 0.012), intermediate for RP (5.94) and greatest for LM (5.99). There was no effect of harvest maturity of oat forage on total SCFA concentrations (P = 0.21). The quantity of forage allocation (Study 3) had no effect on total or forage DMI over a 3-d duration (P ≥ 0.47). Throughout the 3-d feeding period, 3-D allocated heifers had a reduction in the area pH was under 5.8 (214.4, 79.5 and 10.9 pH × min/d, for d 1, 2 and 3, respectively; P = 0.003). Total SCFA concentrations were not affected by forage allocation or harvest maturity (P ≥ 0.14), however there was an interaction of forage allocation and day in the feeding cycle (P = 0.046). Heifers allocated 1-D had no change iii in total SCFA concentration over the 3-d feeding period (averaged 122 mM), but 3-D allocation had elevated concentrations on d 1 (138 mM) intermediate on d 2 (135 mM) and decreased on d 3 (117 mM). These data suggest that harvesting barley and oat at the HD stage improves DM yield without negatively affecting cattle DMI and ADG. These data also suggest that providing 3-d allocations of forage does not affect DMI, but can increase daily fluctuations of ruminal pH and ruminal SCFA concentrations. Advisors/Committee Members: Penner, Gregory B., Block, Hushton C., McKinnon, John J..

Subjects/Keywords: Allocation; Barley; Digestibility; Forage; Harvest maturity; Intake; Oat; Swathgrazing

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APA (6^th Edition):

Rosser, C. (2014). Effect of the maturity at harvest of whole-crop barley and oat on dry matter intake, forage selection, and digestibility when fed to beef cattle. (Thesis). University of Saskatchewan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2014-12-1880

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Rosser, Christine. “Effect of the maturity at harvest of whole-crop barley and oat on dry matter intake, forage selection, and digestibility when fed to beef cattle.” 2014. Thesis, University of Saskatchewan. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2014-12-1880.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Rosser, Christine. “Effect of the maturity at harvest of whole-crop barley and oat on dry matter intake, forage selection, and digestibility when fed to beef cattle.” 2014. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Rosser C. Effect of the maturity at harvest of whole-crop barley and oat on dry matter intake, forage selection, and digestibility when fed to beef cattle. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2014-12-1880.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Rosser C. Effect of the maturity at harvest of whole-crop barley and oat on dry matter intake, forage selection, and digestibility when fed to beef cattle. [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2014-12-1880

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Saskatchewan

2. Dharmasiri Gamage, Ruwini. Utilization of Stockpiled Perennial Forages in Winter Feeding Systems for Beef Cattle.

Degree: 2014, University of Saskatchewan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2014-04-1500

► Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of grazing stockpiled perennial forage in field paddocks relative to feeding similar quality round bale hay in… (more)

▼ Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of grazing stockpiled perennial forage in field paddocks relative to feeding similar quality round bale hay in drylot pens on rumen degradation characteristics of forage; beef cow performance, cow reproductive efficiency, estimated dry matter intake and forage utilization, forage yield and quality, soil nutrients and system costs. Winter feeding systems were (i) stockpiled perennial forage (TDN = 58.9%; CP = 8.5%) grazing (SPF) and (ii) drylot feeding (DL) of round bale hay (TDN = 57.9%; CP = 8.4%). Experiment I was an in situ study, where five Hereford heifers (398 ± 14 kg) fitted with rumen cannulae were fed a grass hay (DM = 93.2%; TDN = 50.8%; CP = 9.8%; NDF = 66.2%) diet. In situ degradability of both stockpiled forage (SPF) and round bale hay (BH) samples collected at start (October) and end (December) of the field study were determined. The soluble fraction (S) of DM was greater (P = 0.01) in SPF October forage compared to SPF December, BH October and BH December forages. The potentially degradable fraction (D) of CP was lowest (P = 0.04) in BH December forage than in SPF October, SPF December and BH October forages suggesting that hay quality declined more rapidly than stockpiled forage and method of preservation may have affected overall hay quality. Furthermore, D fraction of both ADF and NDF was higher in SPF samples suggesting stockpiled forage may be more digestible than hay. However, the D fraction of NDF in both SPF and BH forages declined with later sampling date possibly due to effect of weathering and leaf loss. In Experiment II, 6, 4-ha paddocks consisting of meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehm) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa), were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 replicated (n = 3) winter feeding systems. In this study 58 dry pregnant (120 ± 16 d) Angus cows (675 kg ± 51 kg), stratified by body weight (BW; corrected for conceptus gain), were allocated to either the SPF or DL systems. Cows in winter feeding systems were provided additional energy supplement (rolled barley) (TDN = 86.4%; CP = 12.4%) depending on environmental conditions to maintain body condition, with no weight gain above that of conceptus growth. Dry matter intake (DMI) and forage utilization were estimated using the herbage weight disappearance method. The effects of winter feeding systems on soil nutrients were determined the following spring after winter grazing. Forage yield in DL (4683 ± 495 kg ha-1) and SPF (4032 ± 495 kg ha-1) systems was not different (P = 0.18) between treatments. However, forage utilization was lower (P < 0.01) in SPF (83.5%) than the DL (94.4%) system, signifying lower accessibility to stockpiled forage due to snow depth, lower temperatures, freezing rain and wind. Cows in the SPF system had higher forage DMI (P = 0.04) and supplementation intake (P < 0.01) compared to cows in drylot pens likely a combined effect of effective ambient temperatures below the lower critical temperature (LCT) during the grazing period and the higher potentially… Advisors/Committee Members: Lardner, Herbert A., Penner, Gregory B., Schoenau, Jeff J..

Subjects/Keywords: stockpiled perennial forages; drylot; beef cows

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APA (6^th Edition):

Dharmasiri Gamage, R. (2014). Utilization of Stockpiled Perennial Forages in Winter Feeding Systems for Beef Cattle. (Thesis). University of Saskatchewan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2014-04-1500

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dharmasiri Gamage, Ruwini. “Utilization of Stockpiled Perennial Forages in Winter Feeding Systems for Beef Cattle.” 2014. Thesis, University of Saskatchewan. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2014-04-1500.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dharmasiri Gamage, Ruwini. “Utilization of Stockpiled Perennial Forages in Winter Feeding Systems for Beef Cattle.” 2014. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Dharmasiri Gamage R. Utilization of Stockpiled Perennial Forages in Winter Feeding Systems for Beef Cattle. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2014-04-1500.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Dharmasiri Gamage R. Utilization of Stockpiled Perennial Forages in Winter Feeding Systems for Beef Cattle. [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2014-04-1500

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Saskatchewan

3. Leao Guidotti, Elisabeth 1982-. ESTABLISHMENT OF CARINATA MEAL AS A PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT FOR BEEF CATTLE.

Degree: 2018, University of Saskatchewan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/8648

► The objective of this research was to evaluate the value of carinata meal (CRM) relative to canola meal (CM) when fed alone or in combination… (more)

▼ The objective of this research was to evaluate the value of carinata meal (CRM) relative to canola meal (CM) when fed alone or in combination with wheat-dried distillers grains with solubles (WDDGS) on the performance of growing and finishing beef steers and rumen fermentation, total tract nutrient utilization, omasal flow and N efficiency of growing beef heifers. The first trial involved a 97-d backgrounding (BK) trial that used 360 calves (321.8 ± 0.10kg) assigned to one of 12 pens. Diets compared CRM relative to CM at two dietary inclusion levels (7.5 and 15% DM basis). The second trial was a finishing trial using 250 crossbred steers (418.7 ± 0.48 kg) assigned to 25 pens with five treatments: CRM (4.8% DM), CM (6% DM), WDDGS (6.2% DM), and CRM (2.7% DM) + WDDGS (2.7% DM) or CM (3% DM) + WDDGS (3% DM). Trial three designed as a Latin square, used 4 rumen-cannulated heifers (385.8 ± 27.95 kg) that were fed a barley-based BK diet supplemented with CRM (9.24% DM); CM (9.97% DM); CRM (4.98% DM) + WDDGS (5.03% DM) or CM (4.98% DM) + WDDGS (5.03% DM). In Trial 1 and 2, there were no differences (P > 0.05) between treatments for final shrunk BW or ADG, DMI and G:F. In trial 2, cattle fed CM had heavier hot carcass weights and a greater dressing percentage (DP) than those fed CRM diets. In Trial 3, apparent digestion of N tended (P = 0.09) to be greater for CRM and CM diets relative to WDDGS diets. The inclusion of WDDGS increased (P = 0.04) N truly digested in the rumen, and decreased ruminal non- ammonia nitrogen (NAN) flow. No treatment differences (P > 0.05) were noted in total bacterial NAN flow or in microbial efficiency. Carinata meal is equal to CM as a protein source for beef cattle without affecting performance, rumen fermentation, total tract nutrient utilization, and N efficiency. However, HCW and DP were greater in cattle fed CM relative to those fed CRM. There was no benefit to adding WDDGS as a rumen undegradable protein source. Advisors/Committee Members: McKinnon, John J, Penner , Gregory B, Christensen, David A, Yu, Peiqiang, Buchanan, Fiona C, Erickson, Nathan.

Subjects/Keywords: carinata meal; canola meal; wheat-dried distillers’grains with solubles; feedlot; performance; carcass characteristics; rumen fermentation; omasal flow; microbial protein synthesis; digestibility

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APA (6^th Edition):

Leao Guidotti, E. 1. (2018). ESTABLISHMENT OF CARINATA MEAL AS A PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT FOR BEEF CATTLE. (Thesis). University of Saskatchewan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10388/8648

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Leao Guidotti, Elisabeth 1982-. “ESTABLISHMENT OF CARINATA MEAL AS A PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT FOR BEEF CATTLE.” 2018. Thesis, University of Saskatchewan. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/8648.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Leao Guidotti, Elisabeth 1982-. “ESTABLISHMENT OF CARINATA MEAL AS A PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT FOR BEEF CATTLE.” 2018. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Leao Guidotti E1. ESTABLISHMENT OF CARINATA MEAL AS A PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT FOR BEEF CATTLE. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/8648.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Leao Guidotti E1. ESTABLISHMENT OF CARINATA MEAL AS A PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT FOR BEEF CATTLE. [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/8648

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Saskatchewan

4. Sutherland, Brittney. Barley Silage or Corn Silage Fed in Combination with Barley Grain, Corn Grain, or a Blend of Barley and Corn Grain to Backgrounding Beef Cattle.

Degree: 2020, University of Saskatchewan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/12821

► The objective of this study was to determine the effect of either barley (BS) or corn (CS) silage fed with dry-rolled barley (BG), dry-rolled corn… (more)

▼ The objective of this study was to determine the effect of either barley (BS) or corn (CS) silage fed with dry-rolled barley (BG), dry-rolled corn (CG), or a blend of barley and corn grain (BCG) on predicted nutrient digestibility and growth performance of backgrounding cattle (Study 1) and dry matter intake, ruminal fermentation, total tract digestibility and nitrogen balance (Study 2).In study 1, Steers (n = 288) were stratified by BW into 24 pens and pens were randomly assigned to one of six treatments (n = 4) in a two  three factorial design. For Study 2 five ruminally cannulated heifers were used in an incomplete 6  6 Latin square design. Periods were 25-d including five days of dietary transition, 13 days of dietary adaptation, and seven days of sample collection. Treatments contained (DM basis) either BS or CS included at 55% in combination with 30% BG, CG, or BCG, 8% canola meal, varying amounts of urea to balance CP, and 5% of a mineral and vitamin supplement. There were no interactions among silage or grain source and no differences in ADG (1.01 kg/d) or G:F (0.10 kg/kg) among diets. However, DMI was 0.8 kg/d greater for steers fed CS (P = 0.018) than BS. Final BW was 8.4 kg greater for steers fed CS (P = 0.004) compared to steers fed BS. Fecal starch was greatest for CG, intermediate for BCG, and least for BG (P < 0.01). Whole barley kernels appearing in feces were greatest in BG compared to BCG while partial corn kernels in feces were greater in CG compared BCG (P < 0.01). Fine fibre particles in feces were greatest in BG diets with CG and BCG being least (P < 0.01 In study 2 Acetate concentrations were greatest for the CG and BCG diets (P < 0.01) while propionate was greatest for BS-BG and the least for CS-BCG (P < 0.05). Rumen ammonia concentrations were greatest for CG treatments (P < 0.01). Barley grain had greater DM, OM, starch and GE digestibility comparted to CG with BCG being intermediate (P < 0.05). Fecal nitrogen excretion was greatest for cattle fed CS (P < 0.05) as wells as for CG (P < 0.01). Use of CS improved DMI, ending BW and nutrient digestibility; while dry-rolled BG improved nutrient digestibility and reduced fecal starch concentration as compared to CG or BCG in diets for backgrounding cattle. Advisors/Committee Members: Penner, Gregory B, McKinnon, John J, McAllister, Tim A, Caton, Joel, Buchanan, Fiona C.

Subjects/Keywords: short-season corn; starch

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Sutherland, B. (2020). Barley Silage or Corn Silage Fed in Combination with Barley Grain, Corn Grain, or a Blend of Barley and Corn Grain to Backgrounding Beef Cattle. (Thesis). University of Saskatchewan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10388/12821

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sutherland, Brittney. “Barley Silage or Corn Silage Fed in Combination with Barley Grain, Corn Grain, or a Blend of Barley and Corn Grain to Backgrounding Beef Cattle.” 2020. Thesis, University of Saskatchewan. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/12821.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sutherland, Brittney. “Barley Silage or Corn Silage Fed in Combination with Barley Grain, Corn Grain, or a Blend of Barley and Corn Grain to Backgrounding Beef Cattle.” 2020. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Sutherland B. Barley Silage or Corn Silage Fed in Combination with Barley Grain, Corn Grain, or a Blend of Barley and Corn Grain to Backgrounding Beef Cattle. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2020. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/12821.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Sutherland B. Barley Silage or Corn Silage Fed in Combination with Barley Grain, Corn Grain, or a Blend of Barley and Corn Grain to Backgrounding Beef Cattle. [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/12821

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Saskatchewan

5. Kent-Dennis, Coral. Molecular and metabolic effects of local immune activation in the ruminal epithelium.

Degree: 2020, University of Saskatchewan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/13045

► Modern dairy and beef cattle efficiently produce large quantities of high value products, milk and meat respectively, for human consumption. In order to meet the… (more)

▼ Modern dairy and beef cattle efficiently produce large quantities of high value products, milk and meat respectively, for human consumption. In order to meet the energy demands of production, cattle are fed diets consisting of rapidly fermentable carbohydrates. As a result, ruminal acidosis may occur. The acidotic conditions in the ruminal fluid can result in compromised barrier function and, potentially, translocation of microbes and microbe-associated molecular patterns, (MAMP) from the lumen across the ruminal epithelium. Translocation of microbes or MAMP may lead to an interaction with the ruminal epithelial cells (REC), thus inducing a local, pro-inflammatory response. However, little is known about the capability of REC to initiate such a response as well as the effects of inflammation on the physiological functions of the ruminal epithelium. The objective of this research was to assess the inflammatory response of the ruminal epithelium and to investigate the potential effects of inflammation on nutrient uptake and metabolism using in vivo, ex vivo and primary cell culture models. In Chapter 3, ruminal papillae biopsies were collected from beef heifers following induction of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA). The papillae were used to evaluate differential gene expression and toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 quantification. Despite an increase in ruminal fluid concentration of LPS, gene expression of inflammatory molecules and immunohistofluorescent analysis of TLR4 protein expression indicated an anti-inflammatory response 2 d following the SARA challenge. The Ussing chamber model was used in Chapter 4 to explore the effects of LPS exposure on the inflammatory response and the potential effects on butyrate flux and metabolism. Analysis of gene expression suggested that the pro-inflammatory response to LPS may have been suppressed or prevented by the epithelial barrier. In tissue exposed to LPS, butyrate flux tended to increase linearly (P = 0.063); however, production of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) was not affected (P = 0.21), suggesting that the impact of LPS exposure on metabolism of the ruminal epithelium was minimal. To further evaluate REC responses to LPS exposure, a cell culture model was established (Chapter 5). Using that model in Chapter 6, I evaluated the effects of dose, duration, and timing of LPS exposure on viability and gene expression of pattern recognition receptors (PRR), pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and other immunomodulatory molecules in cultured primary REC. There was no indication that LPS negatively impacted cell viability, but exposure to LPS increased TLR2 and TLR4 expression and induced a pro-inflammatory response. Results suggested that the REC response was influenced by LPS dose and duration of exposure, and that gene expression may have been regulated to prevent an excessive pro-inflammatory response and potential damage to the cells. In Chapter 7, cultured REC were exposed to LPS when grown with or without the addition of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) to the cell culture media… Advisors/Committee Members: Penner, Gregory B, Buchanan, Fiona, Mutsvangwa, Tim, Van Kessel, Andrew, Griebel, Philip.

Subjects/Keywords: Rumen Epithelium Inflammation Lipopolysaccharide Metabolism

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Kent-Dennis, C. (2020). Molecular and metabolic effects of local immune activation in the ruminal epithelium. (Thesis). University of Saskatchewan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10388/13045

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kent-Dennis, Coral. “Molecular and metabolic effects of local immune activation in the ruminal epithelium.” 2020. Thesis, University of Saskatchewan. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/13045.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kent-Dennis, Coral. “Molecular and metabolic effects of local immune activation in the ruminal epithelium.” 2020. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Kent-Dennis C. Molecular and metabolic effects of local immune activation in the ruminal epithelium. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2020. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/13045.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kent-Dennis C. Molecular and metabolic effects of local immune activation in the ruminal epithelium. [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/13045

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Saskatchewan

6. Wellington, Michael O 1988-. INTERACTIVE EFFECT OF DIETARY FIBRE AND IMMUNE CHALLENGE ON THREONINE REQUIREMENT AND INTESTINAL BARRIER FUNCTION IN GROWING PIGS.

Degree: 2020, University of Saskatchewan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/12534

► High dietary fibre (DF) and immune system stimulation (ISS) are thought to limit amino acid availability for protein deposition (PD) and growth in pigs. Fibre… (more)

▼ High dietary fibre (DF) and immune system stimulation (ISS) are thought to limit amino acid availability for protein deposition (PD) and growth in pigs. Fibre and threonine (Thr) may also play an important role in intestinal barrier function. Therefore, this thesis evaluated the independent and combined effects of high DF and immune challenge [Salmonella typhimurium and systemic E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] on the Thr requirement for PD and growth in pigs, and on the interactive effects of DF, Thr supply and immune challenge on intestinal barrier function. A nitrogen-balance study estimated 0.68% and 0.78% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Thr required to maximize PD in pigs fed low fibre (LF) and high fibre (HF) diets, respectively when systemic ISS was not present. When systemic ISS was present, SID Thr requirement for PD was estimated at 0.76% and 0.72% for pigs fed the LF and HF diets, respectively. Therefore, HF and ISS independently, but not additively, increased the Thr requirement to maximize PD. A subsequent growth performance study using the same HF diet estimated Thr required to maximize average daily gain (ADG) at 0.76% and 0.80% SID Thr using the linear and curvilinear breakpoint model respectively. In a third study, supplementing Thr to meet the requirement for HF and systemic ISS, resulted in a numerically lower ADG in the HF-fed and Salmonella-challenged pigs, compared to the LF-fed and Salmonella-challenged pigs. This suggested that Thr supply to meet HF and ISS was not sufficient to maintain ADG during an enteric immune challenge and therefore, indicates an additive effect of HF and enteric immune challenge on Thr requirement. Finally, systemic ISS increased lactulose recovery in LF fed pigs but not in HF fed pigs, suggesting that feeding HF had a protective effect against loss of intestinal barrier integrity. This effect appears to be partly associated with mucus secretion in the gut, as HF increased fecal mucin output and ileal intestinal goblet cell numbers and tended to increase MUC2 gene expression in the ileum. The non-additive effect of systemic ISS and HF on PD is consistent with the LPS induced loss of barrier function in the LF fed pigs which contributed to increased Thr requirement for PD. Indeed, no loss of barrier function was observed when systemic ISS and HF were combined, hence no further increase in Thr requirement was observed. In contrast, we postulate that an enteric immune challenge and HF diet resulted in a higher magnitude of impact on gut mucosal protein dynamics that exceeded the gut mucosal protein response to the effect of HF alone, resulting in increased Thr utilization to support mucosal protein synthesis and thereby increasing dietary Thr requirement for growth. In summary, results indicate that immune challenge and high DF will increase Thr requirement for growth, but DF will have beneficial effects on improving intestinal barrier function in pigs. Advisors/Committee Members: Van Kessel, Andrew G, Columbus, Daniel A, Penner, Gregory B, Beaulieu, Denise A, Wilson, Heather L, Brook, Ryan.

Subjects/Keywords: Threonine; pigs; barrier function; Salmonella; fibre

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Wellington, M. O. 1. (2020). INTERACTIVE EFFECT OF DIETARY FIBRE AND IMMUNE CHALLENGE ON THREONINE REQUIREMENT AND INTESTINAL BARRIER FUNCTION IN GROWING PIGS. (Thesis). University of Saskatchewan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10388/12534

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wellington, Michael O 1988-. “INTERACTIVE EFFECT OF DIETARY FIBRE AND IMMUNE CHALLENGE ON THREONINE REQUIREMENT AND INTESTINAL BARRIER FUNCTION IN GROWING PIGS.” 2020. Thesis, University of Saskatchewan. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/12534.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wellington, Michael O 1988-. “INTERACTIVE EFFECT OF DIETARY FIBRE AND IMMUNE CHALLENGE ON THREONINE REQUIREMENT AND INTESTINAL BARRIER FUNCTION IN GROWING PIGS.” 2020. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Wellington MO1. INTERACTIVE EFFECT OF DIETARY FIBRE AND IMMUNE CHALLENGE ON THREONINE REQUIREMENT AND INTESTINAL BARRIER FUNCTION IN GROWING PIGS. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2020. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/12534.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wellington MO1. INTERACTIVE EFFECT OF DIETARY FIBRE AND IMMUNE CHALLENGE ON THREONINE REQUIREMENT AND INTESTINAL BARRIER FUNCTION IN GROWING PIGS. [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/12534

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Saskatchewan

7. Anez Osuna, Federico 1976-. LEVEL AND SOURCE OF FAT IN THE DIET OF BEEF COWS.

Degree: 2019, University of Saskatchewan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/12074

► Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of fat and the type of fatty acid (MUFA vs. PUFA) inclusion in the diet of beef… (more)

▼ Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of fat and the type of fatty acid (MUFA vs. PUFA) inclusion in the diet of beef cows during the pre- and postpartum period on the performance of the dam and the progeny. In study 1, replicated over three years, 36 second- and third-calving lactating Angus cows were stratified by BW (554±15.5 kg) and days postpartum (38±1.5 d), and randomly assigned to 9 paddocks (4 cows/paddock) where cows grazed cool-season grass (CSG) pastures (12.5±2.5% CP and 56.5±2.9% TDN). Each paddock was randomly assigned to one of three replicated treatments: a non-supplemented control (CON), and two supplemented (SUP) treatments where cows were offered either a canola seed (CAN) or a flaxseed (FLX) based pellet targeting 300 g/cow/d of supplemental fat (EE) over 42 d. Data were analyzed as a RCBD with contrasts for the effect of fat supplementation (CON vs. SUP) and source (CAN vs. FLX). Results indicate that CON had greater (P=0.01) forage utilization and tended (P=0.08) to have greater estimated forage DMI compared to SUP, while no difference (P≥0.76) was observed between CAN and FLX. At the end of the trial, all treatments resulted in positive ADG, maintained or increased BCS and SCFT, and reduced serum NEFA concentration with no difference (P≥0.20) among treatments. No differences (P≥0.12) were observed for pregnancy rate, calving distribution and calving to calving interval. In study 2, replicated over 2 years, 75 multiparous (≥3 calving) pregnant Angus cows were stratified by BW (663±21.5 kg) and BCS (2.6±0.12), and randomly assigned to 15 outdoor pens. Subsequently, each pen was randomly assigned to one of three (n=5) treatments: a low-fat diet (LF; 1.4±0.12% EE) and two high-fat diets (HF; 3.3±0.20% EE) which included a CAN or a FLX pelleted feeds similar to those used in study 1. Diets were formulated to meet the requirements of pregnant beef cows during the last two trimesters of gestation (183±4.8 d), and offered such that each pen on average received similar amounts of DE (31.2±2.8 Mcal/cow/d), CP (1.36±0.13 kg/cow/d), and DM (12.9±1.0 kg/cow/d). Data were analyzed as RCBD with contrasts for the effects of level (LF vs. HF) and source (CAN vs. FLX) of fat. After 160 d on trial, conceptus corrected-BW (CC-BW) of LF cows (708 kg) and the proportion of over conditioned cows (13.2%) were greater (P≤0.04) than those of HF, with no difference (P≥0.84) between CAN and FLX. Feeding FLX diet over gestation resulted in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) with greater (P≤0.01) concentration of CLnA (0.12 vs. 0.05%) and n-3 (0.58 vs. 0.37%) fatty acids, and a tendency (P=0.09) for CLA concentration (1.05 vs. 0.88%) to be greater when compared to CAN diet. By the end of gestation, serum NEFA concentration of LF cows (592 μEq/L) was lower (P<0.01) than that of HF cows, and FLX cows had greater (P<0.01) serum NEFA concentration than CAN cows (636 vs. 961 μEq/L). Cows receiving the LF diet over gestation gave birth to lighter (P≤0.01) calves compared to those receiving the HF diets (40.2 vs.… Advisors/Committee Members: McKinnon, John J, Lardner, Herbet A, Buchanan, Fiona C, Penner, Gregory B, Jefferson, Paul G, Campbell, John, Fitzsimmons, Carolyn J.

Subjects/Keywords: Beef cows; Gestation; Fat supplementation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Anez Osuna, F. 1. (2019). LEVEL AND SOURCE OF FAT IN THE DIET OF BEEF COWS. (Thesis). University of Saskatchewan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10388/12074

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Anez Osuna, Federico 1976-. “LEVEL AND SOURCE OF FAT IN THE DIET OF BEEF COWS.” 2019. Thesis, University of Saskatchewan. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/12074.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Anez Osuna, Federico 1976-. “LEVEL AND SOURCE OF FAT IN THE DIET OF BEEF COWS.” 2019. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Anez Osuna F1. LEVEL AND SOURCE OF FAT IN THE DIET OF BEEF COWS. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/12074.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Anez Osuna F1. LEVEL AND SOURCE OF FAT IN THE DIET OF BEEF COWS. [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/12074

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

8. Schurmann, Brittney. FUNCTIONAL ADAPTATION OF THE RUMINAL EPITHELIUM.

Degree: 2013, University of Saskatchewan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2013-12-1381

► Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) synthesized in the rumen from carbohydrate fermentation are an essential energy source for ruminants. Current literature supports that SCFA are… (more)

▼ Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) synthesized in the rumen from carbohydrate fermentation are an essential energy source for ruminants. Current literature supports that SCFA are absorbed across the rumen epithelium via passive diffusion or protein-mediated transport, however, the rate and degree to which these pathways adapt to a change in diet fermentability is unknown. Furthermore, Na+ flux is partially determined by SCFA absorption, and thus is a key indicator of functional changes in the rumen epithelium. The objectives of this study were to determine the time required for a change in SCFA and Na+ absorption across the bovine rumen epithelium and to evaluate the rate and degree to which absorption pathways adapt to an increase in diet fermentability relative to changes in surface area. Twenty-five weaned Holstein steer calves were blocked by body weight and randomly assigned to either the control diet (CON; 91.5% hay and 8.5% vitamin/mineral supplement) or a moderately fermentable diet (50% hay; 41.5% barley grain, and 8.5% vitamin/mineral supplement) fed for 3 (G3), 7 (G7), 14 (G14), or 21 d (G21). All calves were fed at 2.25% BW at 0800 h. Reticular pH was recorded every 5 min for 48 h prior to killing (1000 h). Ruminal tissue was collected for Ussing chamber, barrier function, surface area measurements, and gene expression. Net 22Na+ flux (JNET-Na; 80 kBq/15 mL), the rate and pathway of mucosal to serosal 3H-acetate (JMS-acetate; 37 kBq/15 mL) and 14C-butyrate (JMS-butyrate; 74 kBq/15 mL) flux, and serosal to mucosal flux of 3H-mannitol (JSM-mannitol; 74 KBq/15 mL) and tissue conductance were measured. Half of the chambers assigned to measure JMS-acetate and JMS-butyrate were further assigned to 1 of 2 acetate and butyrate concentration treatments: 10 mM (Low) and 50 mM (High). Furthermore, JSM-mannitol flux was also measured during an acidotic and hyperosmotic challenge (CHAL) and recovery (REC) to measure barrier function of ruminal tissue. Mean reticular pH, which was positively correlated with ruminal pH (R2 = 0.5477), decreased from 6.90 for CON to 6.59 for G7 then increased. Net Na+ flux increased 125% within 7 d. Total JMS-acetate and JMS-butyrate increased from CON to G21, where passive diffusion was the primary SCFA absorption pathway. Total JMS-acetate and JMS-butyrate were greater when incubated in High vs. Low. Effective surface area of the ruminal epithelium was not affected by dietary treatment. Increased JSM-mannitol, tissue conductance, and increased expression of IL-1β and TLR2 (tendencies) with increased days fed the moderate grain diet indicated reduced rumen epithelium barrier function. Furthermore, the CHAL treatment reduced barrier function, which was not reversible during REC. This study indicates that a moderate increase in diet fermentability increases rumen epithelium absorptive function in the absence of increased SA, but reduces barrier function. Data from this study also suggests that absorption and barrier function follow different timelines, posing a challenge for ruminant diet… Advisors/Committee Members: Penner, Gregory B., Christensen, David, McKinnon, John, Hendrick, Steve.

Subjects/Keywords: rumen epithelium; dietary adaptation; short chain fatty acid; ion transport; Ussing chamber

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APA (6^th Edition):

Schurmann, B. (2013). FUNCTIONAL ADAPTATION OF THE RUMINAL EPITHELIUM. (Thesis). University of Saskatchewan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2013-12-1381

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Schurmann, Brittney. “FUNCTIONAL ADAPTATION OF THE RUMINAL EPITHELIUM.” 2013. Thesis, University of Saskatchewan. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2013-12-1381.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Schurmann, Brittney. “FUNCTIONAL ADAPTATION OF THE RUMINAL EPITHELIUM.” 2013. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Schurmann B. FUNCTIONAL ADAPTATION OF THE RUMINAL EPITHELIUM. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2013-12-1381.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Schurmann B. FUNCTIONAL ADAPTATION OF THE RUMINAL EPITHELIUM. [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2013-12-1381

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

9. Nair, Jayakrishnan. Evaluation of canola meal derived from Brassica juncea and Brassica napus as an energy source for cattle.

Degree: 2013, University of Saskatchewan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2013-12-1354

► Two trials were carried out to evaluate the effect of inclusion level of canola meal derived from Brassica (B.) napus and B. juncea on cattle… (more)

▼ Two trials were carried out to evaluate the effect of inclusion level of canola meal derived from Brassica (B.) napus and B. juncea on cattle performance and nutrient utilization. Trial 1 consisted of backgrounding (54 d) and finishing (153 d) phases. The control diet for the backgounding (BK) phase consisted of 39% barley silage, 30.4% barley grain, 22.8% brome grass hay and 7.8% supplement (DM). Treatments consisted of B. napus or B. juncea at 15 or 30% (DM) inclusion, replacing barley grain. The finishing control diet consisted of 88.3% barley grain, 4.4% barley silage and 7.3% supplement (DM). Treatments consisted of B. napus or B. juncea at 10 or 20% (DM) inclusion, replacing barley grain. During BK, dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), gain: feed (G:F) increased linearly (P < 0.01) as the level of inclusion of B. juncea meal increased. Cattle fed B. napus meal showed a quadratic response (P = 0.05) in DMI and linear increase (P = 0.02) in ADG with increasing inclusion. During finishing, DMI increased linearly (P = 0.05) for cattle fed B. juncea meal while a quadratic response (P = 0.02) was seen with B. napus meal. Feed efficiency and NEg content of the diet (P ≤ 0.02) decreased linearly with increasing inclusion of both meals. Trial 2 evaluated dietary rumen fermentation and total tract digestibility characteristics in a 5 x 5 Latin Square Design. Diets were similar to finishing phase of Trial 1. There was no effect of treatment on rumen pH, however a linear increase in acetate (P ≤ 0.01), ammonia (P < 0.01) and decrease (P < 0.01) in propionate was seen with both meal types. Crude protein and acid detergent fiber digestibility increased (P = 0.03) linearly with increasing inclusion of B. juncea meal. The results indicate that canola meal derived from B. napus and B. juncea is not suitable as a supplemental energy source replacing for barley grain in finishing diets but canola meal from B. juncea can be fed at levels up to 30% of the DM in backgrounding diets if priced appropriately. Advisors/Committee Members: McKinnon, John J., Penner, Gregory B., Lardner, H (Bart) A., McAllister, Tim, Yu, Peiqiang.

Subjects/Keywords: canola meal; B. napus; B. juncea; feedlot cattle; digestibility

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Nair, J. (2013). Evaluation of canola meal derived from Brassica juncea and Brassica napus as an energy source for cattle. (Thesis). University of Saskatchewan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2013-12-1354

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Nair, Jayakrishnan. “Evaluation of canola meal derived from Brassica juncea and Brassica napus as an energy source for cattle.” 2013. Thesis, University of Saskatchewan. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2013-12-1354.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Nair, Jayakrishnan. “Evaluation of canola meal derived from Brassica juncea and Brassica napus as an energy source for cattle.” 2013. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Nair J. Evaluation of canola meal derived from Brassica juncea and Brassica napus as an energy source for cattle. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2013-12-1354.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Nair J. Evaluation of canola meal derived from Brassica juncea and Brassica napus as an energy source for cattle. [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2013-12-1354

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

10. Paddick, Keshia Siobhan 1992-. Effects of the Amount of Concentrate Offered in an Automated Milking System on dry matter intake, Milk Yield, Milk Composition, Ruminal fermentation, and Behaviour of Primiparous Holstein Cows Fed Iso-Caloric Diets.

Degree: 2018, University of Saskatchewan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/10040

► The objective of this study was to determine if the quantity of concentrate provided in an automated milking system (AMS) affects dry matter intake (DMI),… (more)

▼ The objective of this study was to determine if the quantity of concentrate provided in an automated milking system (AMS) affects dry matter intake (DMI), attendance to the AMS, milk and milk component yield, feeding behaviour, cow activity and ruminal fermentation of lactating dairy cows fed iso-caloric diets. Eight ruminally-cannulated primiparous Holstein cows were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with 28-d periods. Cows were housed in a free-stall facility with a guided-traffic (feed-first) flow barn-design. Cows were offered 0.5, 2.0, 3.5, or 5.0 kg/d DM of pellet in the AMS, with an equivalent reduction of the same pellet in the partial mixed ration (PMR). Day 21 to 24 of each treatment period were used for DMI, milking performance, behaviour, and ruminal pH determination, while d 25 to 28 were used for ruminal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and ammonia concentrations, as well as total tract digestibility. As imposed, consumption of AMS pellet linearly increased (P < 0.01), equating to 0.50, 2.00, 3.49, and 4.93 kg/d. Correspondingly, the standard deviation in AMS pellet intake among days linearly increased from 0.06 to 0.85 kg/d as the quantity of concentrate in the AMS increased from 0.5 to 5.0 kg (P < 0.01). The PMR DMI decreased linearly with increasing AMS concentrate allocation (P < 0.01), but total DMI (PMR + AMS concentrate) was not affected (25.3 kg/d, P = 0.40). As AMS concentrate allocation increased, the selection against particles retained on an 18-mm sieve linearly increased (P = 0.02) and selection against particles retained on the bottom pan decreased (P < 0.01). Milking frequency (3.22 milkings/d, P = 0.82), milk yield (37.5 kg/d, P = 0.59), milk fat yield (1.43 kg/d, P = 0.46), and milk protein yield (1.22 kg/d, P = 0.42) were not affected; however, milk urea nitrogen concentration decreased linearly with increasing AMS concentrate (P = 0.02). Ruminal pH averaged 6.18 and was not affected by AMS concentrate (P = 0.62). Total ruminal SCFA concentration was greatest when 3.5 kg of concentrate was allocated in the AMS and ruminal ammonia decreased linearly with increasing AMS concentrate (P = 0.01). Time spent lying, the number of lying bouts, and average bout duration were not affected by treatment (P ≥ 0.11). These data indicate that increasing the quantity of concentrate in the AMS increases daily variability in AMS concentrate intake while decreasing PMR intake, and increasing AMS pellet provision, under isocaloric dietary settings, is not likely to affect voluntary visits to the AMS, milk and milk component yield, or ruminal fermentation. Advisors/Committee Members: Penner, Gregory B, Steele, Michael A, Schwartzkopf-Genswein, Karen, Mutsvangwa, Timothy, Buchanan, Fiona, Salfer, Jim.

Subjects/Keywords: concentrate; AMS

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APA (6^th Edition):

Paddick, K. S. 1. (2018). Effects of the Amount of Concentrate Offered in an Automated Milking System on dry matter intake, Milk Yield, Milk Composition, Ruminal fermentation, and Behaviour of Primiparous Holstein Cows Fed Iso-Caloric Diets. (Thesis). University of Saskatchewan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10388/10040

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Paddick, Keshia Siobhan 1992-. “Effects of the Amount of Concentrate Offered in an Automated Milking System on dry matter intake, Milk Yield, Milk Composition, Ruminal fermentation, and Behaviour of Primiparous Holstein Cows Fed Iso-Caloric Diets.” 2018. Thesis, University of Saskatchewan. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/10040.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Vancouver:

Paddick KS1. Effects of the Amount of Concentrate Offered in an Automated Milking System on dry matter intake, Milk Yield, Milk Composition, Ruminal fermentation, and Behaviour of Primiparous Holstein Cows Fed Iso-Caloric Diets. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/10040.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Paddick KS1. Effects of the Amount of Concentrate Offered in an Automated Milking System on dry matter intake, Milk Yield, Milk Composition, Ruminal fermentation, and Behaviour of Primiparous Holstein Cows Fed Iso-Caloric Diets. [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/10040

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

11. Walpole, Matthew E 1986-. EXAMINING THE FUNCTIONAL ROLES OF AQUAPORINS AND UREA TRANSPORTERS IN THE MOVEMENT OF UREA ACROSS THE RUMINAL EPITHELIUM.

Degree: 2016, University of Saskatchewan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/7359

► Ussing chamber studies of ruminal epithelial tissue have provided insight into the mechanisms that regulate serosal-to-mucosal urea transport. Of these mechanisms, urea transport (UT-B) proteins… (more)

▼ Ussing chamber studies of ruminal epithelial tissue have provided insight into the mechanisms that regulate serosal-to-mucosal urea transport. Of these mechanisms, urea transport (UT-B) proteins have been shown to facilitate urea movement across the ruminal epithelium; however, other mechanisms may be involved as well because inhibiting UT-B does not completely eliminate urea transport. Of the aquaporins (AQP), which are a family of membrane-spanning proteins that are predominantly involved in the movement of water, AQP-3, -7, and -10 are also permeable to urea, but it is not clear if they contribute to urea transport across the ruminal epithelium. My objectives were to determine the relative functional roles of UT- and AQP-mediated serosal to mucosal urea flux (Jsm-urea) in response to changes in dietary carbohydrate fermentability, as well as ruminal ammonia and blood urea concentrations. The objectives of the Chapter 2 studies were: 1) to evaluate if there are differences in the magnitude of serosal-to-mucosal urea transfer in ruminal epithelium obtained from the caudal-dorsal or ventral sacs; 2) to determine the optimum mucosal buffer pH for maximal urea transport across the bovine ruminal epithelium; 3) to determine the time that is required for steady-state isotope equilibration with bovine ruminal epithelium; and 4) to determine if NiCl2 and HgCl2 are suitable inhibitors of aquaporin-mediated urea transport in bovine ruminal epithelium. Steady-state Jsm-urea and Jsm-mannitol fluxes were observed by 45 min following isotopic additions to the serosal buffer. Epithelia collected from the caudal-dorsal sac had higher Jsm-urea (P = 0.03) and lower Jsm-mannitol (P < 0.01) than that collected from the ventral sac. Reducing mucosal buffer pH from 7.0 to 5.2 increased Jsm-urea quadratically, where Jsm-urea increased from pH 7.0 to 6.4 and thereafter decreased (P = 0.01). Both HgCl2 and NiCl2 inhibited Jsm-urea (P < 0.01); however, the addition of HgCl2 increased Tissue Conductance (Gt) when compared to NiCl2. The objectives of Chapter 3were to determine: 1) the functional roles of AQP and UT-B in the serosal-to-mucosal urea flux (Jsm-urea) across rumen epithelium; and 2) whether functional adaptation occurred in response to increased diet fermentability. Serosal addition of phloretin. The addition of phloretin or NiCl2 reduced the Jsm-urea from 116.5 to 54.0 and 89.5 nmol·cm-2·h-1, respectively across all dietary treatments. When both inhibitors were added simultaneously, Jsm-urea was further reduced to 36.8 nmol·cm-2·h-1. Phloretin-sensitive and NiCl2-sensitive Jsm-urea III were not affected by diet. The Jsm-urea tended to increase linearly as the duration of adaptation to MGD increased, with the lowest Jsm-urea being observed in animals fed CON (107.7 nmol·cm-2·h- 1) and the highest for those fed the MGD for 21 d (144.2 nmol·cm-2·h-1). Phloretin-insensitive Jsm-urea tended to increase linearly as the duration of adaptation to moderate grain diet increased, whereas there was a tendency for NiCl2-insensitive Jsm-urea… Advisors/Committee Members: Mutsvangwa, Timothy, Penner, Gregory B, McKinnon, John J, Loewen, Matthew E, Buchannan, Fiona.

Subjects/Keywords: Rumen; Urea Recycling

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APA (6^th Edition):

Walpole, M. E. 1. (2016). EXAMINING THE FUNCTIONAL ROLES OF AQUAPORINS AND UREA TRANSPORTERS IN THE MOVEMENT OF UREA ACROSS THE RUMINAL EPITHELIUM. (Thesis). University of Saskatchewan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10388/7359

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Walpole, Matthew E 1986-. “EXAMINING THE FUNCTIONAL ROLES OF AQUAPORINS AND UREA TRANSPORTERS IN THE MOVEMENT OF UREA ACROSS THE RUMINAL EPITHELIUM.” 2016. Thesis, University of Saskatchewan. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/7359.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Walpole, Matthew E 1986-. “EXAMINING THE FUNCTIONAL ROLES OF AQUAPORINS AND UREA TRANSPORTERS IN THE MOVEMENT OF UREA ACROSS THE RUMINAL EPITHELIUM.” 2016. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Walpole ME1. EXAMINING THE FUNCTIONAL ROLES OF AQUAPORINS AND UREA TRANSPORTERS IN THE MOVEMENT OF UREA ACROSS THE RUMINAL EPITHELIUM. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/7359.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Walpole ME1. EXAMINING THE FUNCTIONAL ROLES OF AQUAPORINS AND UREA TRANSPORTERS IN THE MOVEMENT OF UREA ACROSS THE RUMINAL EPITHELIUM. [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/7359

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

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