+publisher:"University of Pretoria" +contributor:("Sabeta, Claude Taurai")

University of Pretoria

1. Ngoepe, Chuene Ernest. Molecular epidemiological study of canine rabies in the Free State province (South Africa) and Lesotho .

Degree: 2011, University of Pretoria

URL: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11182008-153717/

► There are two rabies virus biotypes recognized in southern Africa namely; the canid and mongoose rabies virus biotypes. The host vectors of canid rabies biotype… (more)

▼ There are two rabies virus biotypes recognized in southern Africa namely; the canid and mongoose rabies virus biotypes. The host vectors of canid rabies biotype in South Africa are domestic dogs, black-backed jackals and bat-eared foxes, whereas the mongoose rabies biotype is maintained by the yellow mongoose. The canid rabies virus was introduced into southern Africa from Angola (1940s) and spread within the subcontinent, firmly establishing itself in the domestic dog population in Zimbabwe (1950s) and South Africa (1960s). Canine rabies became established in the coastal regions of South Africa (KwaZulu Natal) in 1976 where it has been problematic ever since. Historical data demonstrate that canine rabies has spread from KwaZulu Natal into the north-eastern corner of Lesotho in 1982, spreading throughout the country and reaching the western border of Lesotho and South Africa (FS province) in the mid-1980s without penetrating into this region of South Africa. In contrast, the historical evidence suggests that mongoose rabies virus existed in southern Africa in the early 1800s. Mongoose rabies was confirmed in 1928 in South Africa and since then was consistently diagnosed in the yellow mongoose with apparent spill over into domestic animals on the central plateau of South Africa. The FS province was mainly associated with mongoose rabies; however, recent studies utilizing antigenic characterization have suggested an increase of the canid rabies biotype of RABV since the late 1990s, peaking in 2002. The aim of this investigation was to better understand the molecular epidemiology of canine rabies in the FS province by establishing genetic relationships between rabies viruses obtained from FS province and Lesotho, with the purpose of determining the origin of canine rabies into the province and the radiation of mongoose rabies biotype of RABV into dog host. The coding region of cytoplasmic domain of glycoprotein gene and G-L intergenic region of 113 rabies viruses from FS province and Lesotho was amplified and sequenced. It was found that canid rabies virus isolates from the FS province and those from Lesotho were very closely related demonstrating a mean nucleotide sequence homology of 99%. This result indicated a single overlapping epidemiological rabies cycle between the two regions. The results also confirmed that the spill over of mongoose rabies virus into dog host does not establish dog to dog transmission and therefore leads to dead end infection. Therefore parenteral vaccination of domestic dogs and cats remains an important priority in any effort to control rabies in these regions. Advisors/Committee Members: Nel, Louis Hendrik (advisor), Sabeta, Claude Taurai (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: South africa; Free state; Canine rabies; Lesotho; UCTD

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ngoepe, C. E. (2011). Molecular epidemiological study of canine rabies in the Free State province (South Africa) and Lesotho . (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11182008-153717/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ngoepe, Chuene Ernest. “Molecular epidemiological study of canine rabies in the Free State province (South Africa) and Lesotho .” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11182008-153717/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ngoepe, Chuene Ernest. “Molecular epidemiological study of canine rabies in the Free State province (South Africa) and Lesotho .” 2011. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Ngoepe CE. Molecular epidemiological study of canine rabies in the Free State province (South Africa) and Lesotho . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11182008-153717/.

Council of Science Editors:

Ngoepe CE. Molecular epidemiological study of canine rabies in the Free State province (South Africa) and Lesotho . [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2011. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11182008-153717/

University of Pretoria

2. Ngoepe, Chuene Ernest. Molecular epidemiological study of canine rabies in the Free State province (South Africa) and Lesotho.

Degree: Microbiology and Plant Pathology, 2011, University of Pretoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29551

► There are two rabies virus biotypes recognized in southern Africa namely; the canid and mongoose rabies virus biotypes. The host vectors of canid rabies biotype… (more)

▼ There are two rabies virus biotypes recognized in southern Africa namely; the canid and mongoose rabies virus biotypes. The host vectors of canid rabies biotype in South Africa are domestic dogs, black-backed jackals and bat-eared foxes, whereas the mongoose rabies biotype is maintained by the yellow mongoose. The canid rabies virus was introduced into southern Africa from Angola (1940s) and spread within the subcontinent, firmly establishing itself in the domestic dog population in Zimbabwe (1950s) and South Africa (1960s). Canine rabies became established in the coastal regions of South Africa (KwaZulu Natal) in 1976 where it has been problematic ever since. Historical data demonstrate that canine rabies has spread from KwaZulu Natal into the north-eastern corner of Lesotho in 1982, spreading throughout the country and reaching the western border of Lesotho and South Africa (FS province) in the mid-1980s without penetrating into this region of South Africa. In contrast, the historical evidence suggests that mongoose rabies virus existed in southern Africa in the early 1800s. Mongoose rabies was confirmed in 1928 in South Africa and since then was consistently diagnosed in the yellow mongoose with apparent spill over into domestic animals on the central plateau of South Africa. The FS province was mainly associated with mongoose rabies; however, recent studies utilizing antigenic characterization have suggested an increase of the canid rabies biotype of RABV since the late 1990s, peaking in 2002. The aim of this investigation was to better understand the molecular epidemiology of canine rabies in the FS province by establishing genetic relationships between rabies viruses obtained from FS province and Lesotho, with the purpose of determining the origin of canine rabies into the province and the radiation of mongoose rabies biotype of RABV into dog host. The coding region of cytoplasmic domain of glycoprotein gene and G-L intergenic region of 113 rabies viruses from FS province and Lesotho was amplified and sequenced. It was found that canid rabies virus isolates from the FS province and those from Lesotho were very closely related demonstrating a mean nucleotide sequence homology of 99%. This result indicated a single overlapping epidemiological rabies cycle between the two regions. The results also confirmed that the spill over of mongoose rabies virus into dog host does not establish dog to dog transmission and therefore leads to dead end infection. Therefore parenteral vaccination of domestic dogs and cats remains an important priority in any effort to control rabies in these regions. Advisors/Committee Members: Nel, Louis Hendrik (advisor), Sabeta, Claude Taurai (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: South africa; Free state; Canine rabies; Lesotho; UCTD

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ngoepe, C. E. (2011). Molecular epidemiological study of canine rabies in the Free State province (South Africa) and Lesotho. (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29551

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ngoepe, Chuene Ernest. “Molecular epidemiological study of canine rabies in the Free State province (South Africa) and Lesotho.” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29551.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ngoepe, Chuene Ernest. “Molecular epidemiological study of canine rabies in the Free State province (South Africa) and Lesotho.” 2011. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Ngoepe CE. Molecular epidemiological study of canine rabies in the Free State province (South Africa) and Lesotho. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29551.

Council of Science Editors:

Ngoepe CE. Molecular epidemiological study of canine rabies in the Free State province (South Africa) and Lesotho. [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29551

University of Pretoria

3. Seo, Wonhyo. The molecular basis of pathogenicity of the glycoprotein of typical South African canid and mongoose rabies biotypes.

Degree: MSc, Veterinary Tropical Diseases, 2012, University of Pretoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/31521

► Rabies is an important public and veterinary health threat in South Africa. The genus Lyssavirus is composed of 12 species including classical rabies virus (RABV,… (more)

▼ Rabies is an important public and veterinary health threat in South Africa. The genus Lyssavirus is composed of 12 species including classical rabies virus (RABV, genotype 1), Lagos bat virus (LBV, genotype 2), Mokola virus (MOKV, genotype 3), Duvenhage virus (DUVV, genotype 4), European bat lyssavirus type-1 and type-2 [EBLV-1 (genotype 5) and EBLV-2 (genotype 6), respectively] and Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV, genotype 7). In addition, several lyssaviruses have been also recovered from Chiroptera including Aravan virus (ARAV), Khujand virus (KHUV), Irkut virus (IRKV), West Caucasian bat virus (WCBV) as well as Shimoni bat virus (SHIV). The unusual lyssaviruses (Lagos bat virus, Mokola virus and Duvenhage virus) have been identified exclusively on the African continent. The canid and mongoose rabies biotypes in genotype 1 are commonly diagnosed in the Canidae and Herpestidae species, respectively. Dog rabies is responsible for at least 90% of the human death tolls rather than by mongoose rabies biotype through case surveillance data in South Africa and this has led to the notion that canid rabies biotype is more virulent rather than mongoose rabies biotype. Therefore, this study was proposed to the difference in virulence of two rabies biotypes prevalent in South Africa. The rabies viral genome encodes five structural proteins, namely the nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), glycoprotein (G) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L). Amongst the proteins, the G-protein has been found to control entry, egress and pathogenicity of RABV, and is a critical factor for death of infected cells. Several amino acid residues which drive the pathogenicity of the RABV, known as pathogenic determinants, are found on the RABV G-protein. Furthermore, the interactions between PDZ domains and PDZ-binding site (PDZ-BS), located at the carboxyl terminus of the G-protein cytoplasmic domain (Cyto-G) could be pivotal role in the determination of phenotypes depending on cellular partners recruited by the PDZ-BS of its envelope G-protein. The present study was undertaken to provide an insight into the pathogenicity of the South African RABV biotypes, namely canid and mongoose rabies biotypes. Moreover, mongoose rabies biotype recovered in a domestic dog (referred as spill over) was also included in this study. These viruses were selected to represent the two rabies biotypes based on their reactivity patterns to a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and phylogenetic analysis using the cytoplasmic domain of the G-protein and the variable G-L intergenic region. In order to elucidate the pathogenicity of the selected RABV isolates, the nucleotide and amino acid homologies of the complete G-protein encoding gene and pathogenic determinants on the G-protein ectodomain were evaluated. Then, the chimeric G-protein constructs were generated by grafting the carboxyl terminal of the cytoplasmic domain in a virulent RABV CVS backbone (GenBank Acc. No: AF406694). These chimeric constructs were expressed in a recombinant lentivirus… Advisors/Committee Members: Sabeta, Claude Taurai (advisor), Jenkins, Akinbowale Olajide (coadvisor), Prehaud, Christophe (coadvisor), Lafon, Monique (coadvisor).

Subjects/Keywords: UCTD

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Seo, W. (2012). The molecular basis of pathogenicity of the glycoprotein of typical South African canid and mongoose rabies biotypes. (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/31521

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Seo, Wonhyo. “The molecular basis of pathogenicity of the glycoprotein of typical South African canid and mongoose rabies biotypes.” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/31521.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Seo, Wonhyo. “The molecular basis of pathogenicity of the glycoprotein of typical South African canid and mongoose rabies biotypes.” 2012. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Seo W. The molecular basis of pathogenicity of the glycoprotein of typical South African canid and mongoose rabies biotypes. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/31521.

Council of Science Editors:

Seo W. The molecular basis of pathogenicity of the glycoprotein of typical South African canid and mongoose rabies biotypes. [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/31521

University of Pretoria

4. Ogo, Mariam Florence. Molecular epidemiology of dog rabies in Nigeria : phylogeny based on N and G gene sequences.

Degree: Veterinary Tropical Diseases, 2010, University of Pretoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30045

► The domestic dog is the principal reservoir of rabies in Nigeria and the source of infection for over 99% of human cases that have been… (more)

▼ The domestic dog is the principal reservoir of rabies in Nigeria and the source of infection for over 99% of human cases that have been documented. The first recorded cases of human and dog rabies were in 1912 and 1928 respectively. The disease has been continually diagnosed in the domestic dog until to date. One of the control measures practiced in this West African country includes the vaccination of domestic dogs with readily available rabies vaccines. However, trend analyses show that dog rabies is increasing probably indicating that the vaccination programmes are inadequate. Rabies is a member of the Lyssavirus genus and currently comprises of seven genotypes (GT 1-7) namely the classical rabies virus (RABV) GT1, Lagos bat virus (LBV) GT2, Mokola virus (MOKV) GT3, Duvenhage (DUVV) GT4, European bat lyssavirus type-1 (EBLV-1) GT5, European bat lyssavirus type-2 (EBLV-2) GT6 and Australian bat lyssavirus (ABL) GT7. Three of these have been identified in Nigeria (classical rabies (RABV) (GT 1), Lagos bat virus (LBV) (GT 2) and Mokola virus (MOKV) (GT 3). The domestic dog is the major maintenance and vector species of rabies in this country and the West Africa sub-region. This study was therefore undertaken to further elucidate the epidemiology of dog rabies in Nigeria. Secondly, it was the aim of this study to determine the phylogenetic relationships of dog rabies viruses and the distribution of the respective rabies variants. Finally, to assess the phylogenetic relationships of the viruses in the study sample with those of the neighbouring countries (Chad, Cameroon, Benin and Niger). A panel of 100 viruses recovered primarily from the domestic dog was included in the study. Partial regions of the nucleoprotein gene (n=100) and the cytoplasmic domain of the glycoprotein and the G-L intergenic region (n=80) were successfully amplified, sequenced and phylogenetically analysed. Nucleotide sequences of representative rabies viruses of the partial N gene of the neighbouring countries and elsewhere in Africa available in the GenBank were also included in the phylogenetic analysis. The phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the rabies viruses from the study sample were closely related with a 99% sequence homology for both the N and G regions but despite the close homogeneity the viruses segregated into two major clusters. Within the major cluster 1, three sub-clades were identified comprising of rabies isolates from the northern part of Nigeria whereas cluster 2 was made of viruses from the southern part of the country together with an isolate from a stray dog. Further analysis of representative viruses from the study sample with viruses from the GenBank revealed an evolutionary link with the viruses from Chad, Benin, Cameroon and Niger with a ≥96% sequence homology. The demonstration of the evolutionary link of rabies viruses in the study sample and those from neighbouring countries indicates the transboundary nature of rabies and the existence of an active rabies cycle in the region. The study data revealed that a… Advisors/Committee Members: Sabeta, Claude Taurai (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Glycoprotein; Rabies; Molecular epidemiology; Nigeria; Nucleoprotein; UCTD

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ogo, M. F. (2010). Molecular epidemiology of dog rabies in Nigeria : phylogeny based on N and G gene sequences. (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30045

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ogo, Mariam Florence. “Molecular epidemiology of dog rabies in Nigeria : phylogeny based on N and G gene sequences.” 2010. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30045.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ogo, Mariam Florence. “Molecular epidemiology of dog rabies in Nigeria : phylogeny based on N and G gene sequences.” 2010. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Ogo MF. Molecular epidemiology of dog rabies in Nigeria : phylogeny based on N and G gene sequences. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2010. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30045.

Council of Science Editors:

Ogo MF. Molecular epidemiology of dog rabies in Nigeria : phylogeny based on N and G gene sequences. [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30045

University of Pretoria

5. Hlokwe, Motlatso Tiny. Molecular characterization of Mycobacterium bovis from livestock and wildlife in South Africa : genetic marker optimization and identification using whole genome sequence data.

Degree: PhD, Veterinary Tropical Diseases, 2014, University of Pretoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/56593

► Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is a disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis, a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, which are bacteria that infect both domestic and… (more)

▼ Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is a disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis, a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, which are bacteria that infect both domestic and wildlife host species. The zoonotic nature of the disease is of great concern globally. Over 50 million animals are infected all over the world, resulting in economic losses of approximately three billion United States dollars per year. Molecular typing techniques have greatly improved knowledge regarding the sources and modes of BTB transmission in many countries including South Africa. The current study was aimed at filling the knowledge gap regarding the epidemiology of the disease in livestock and wildlife species in the country for the purpose of effective control and management (in wildlife) as well as ultimate eradication (in livestock). Identification of a suitable typing technique for potential application in South Africa was the core purpose of the study. In an attempt to determine the manner of transmission within and between animal populations and map the geographical spread of this zoonotic disease, samples were collected from a variety of animal species throughout the country. In Chapter 2, molecular techniques (i.e. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, spoligotyping and variable number tandem repeat) were used to identify and characterize Mycobacterium bovis infecting buffaloes in the Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park (HiP) and three epidemiologically related game reserves over a 15-year time frame. The findings demonstrated that the majority of the M. bovis infections in buffaloes were as a result of a single strain which has persisted throughout the years with spill-over to other wildlife species. Evidence of further M. bovis infections due to strains previously undetected in the park was also shown. With a view to providing a simple and reliable method suitable for studying the epidemiology of BTB in the country, we describe, in Chapter 3, how we evaluated the utility of known VNTR sequences as epidemiological markers to describe the molecular epidemiology of BTB in South Africa, with special emphasis on the Kruger National Park (KNP) where there is evidence of clonal expansion of the C8 parental cattle strain. A set of VNTR loci that provided sufficient discriminatory power for application in epidemiological studies was identified. Potential use of VNTR typing in exploring evolutionary changes was also highlighted. To further establish the genetic diversity of the isolates and study the population structure of M. bovis, the loci were used to study a larger panel of M. bovis isolates from different regions (Chapter 4). The findings showed that besides cattle, at least 16 animal species contracted the infection, and highlighted a strong evidence of intra and inter-species transmission of M. bovis. Furthermore, the study also showed that despite the fact that a national control programme for BTB is applied in commercial cattle, there is a high diversity of M. bovis persisting in the country, highlighting the importance and need for… Advisors/Committee Members: Michel, Anita Luise (advisor), Van Helden, Paul (coadvisor), Sabeta, Claude Taurai (coadvisor).

Subjects/Keywords: UCTD

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Hlokwe, M. T. (2014). Molecular characterization of Mycobacterium bovis from livestock and wildlife in South Africa : genetic marker optimization and identification using whole genome sequence data. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/56593

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hlokwe, Motlatso Tiny. “Molecular characterization of Mycobacterium bovis from livestock and wildlife in South Africa : genetic marker optimization and identification using whole genome sequence data.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Pretoria. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/56593.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hlokwe, Motlatso Tiny. “Molecular characterization of Mycobacterium bovis from livestock and wildlife in South Africa : genetic marker optimization and identification using whole genome sequence data.” 2014. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Hlokwe MT. Molecular characterization of Mycobacterium bovis from livestock and wildlife in South Africa : genetic marker optimization and identification using whole genome sequence data. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Pretoria; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/56593.

Council of Science Editors:

Hlokwe MT. Molecular characterization of Mycobacterium bovis from livestock and wildlife in South Africa : genetic marker optimization and identification using whole genome sequence data. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Pretoria; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/56593

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