+publisher:"University of Pretoria" +contributor:("Rheeder, Paul")

University of Pretoria

1. Mlawanda, Ganizani. Inter and intra-laboratory variability of CD4 : a pragmatic analysis .

Degree: 2012, University of Pretoria

URL: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07292011-140025/

► Background: Measuring CD4 levels is the key laboratory investigation for decision making when initiating HAART, a tertiary prevention measure to reduce HIV/AIDS mortality and morbidity.… (more)

▼ Background: Measuring CD4 levels is the key laboratory investigation for decision making when initiating HAART, a tertiary prevention measure to reduce HIV/AIDS mortality and morbidity. Inherent biological and analytical variability is common during CD4 enumeration. We cannot control biological variation but how significant is analytical variation to clinical decision making. Objectives: To quantify inter and intra laboratories analytical variation of CD4 counts and percentages and to determine the degree to which time lapse after sample collection contributes to the analytical coefficient of variation (CV%).To estimate the extent of disease misclassification due to CD4 variability if CD4 < 350cells/mm3. Setting: This study was conducted at the HIV clinics of RSSC Hospital, a sugar-cane estate health institution located on the north-east of Swaziland, in Lubombo district, the worst affected by HIV/AIDS in Swaziland. The laboratories involved were Lancet, Good Shepherd (GSH) and National Reference (NRL) laboratories. Study design and method: An analytical diagnostic, cross-sectional (observational) study was used in this study. Using a convenience sampling technique and after obtaining consent from participants, blood was collected in EDTA tubes and sub-divided into three samples, each for Lancet, GSH and NRL. The samples were further split into two at each respective laboratory, one of which was run at 12hours and the other at 24hours from the time of sample collection. Main outcome measures: Student t-test; analytical coefficient of variation (CV%); Bland and Altman (BA) method bias and limits of confidence; BA plots and percentage difference plots; concordance correlation, Pearson and Kappa coefficients; McNemar test for comparison of paired proportion. Results: Fifty three participants consented for participation and of these twenty eight participants were male. The mean CD4 was 373.4 cells/mm3 for Lancet, 395.9 cells/mm3 for NRL and 439.2 cells/mm3 for GSH and subsequent paired t-test revealed some inherent variability. The CV% for CD4 count was 3.5%, 8.4% and 20.1 whilst bias was 7.0, 13.5 and 8.2 for NRL, Lancet and GSH respectively. CD4% had even stronger CV% for all three laboratories. Inter-laboratory bias for Lancet/NRL was -31.5; -64.3 for Lancet/GSH and -38.2 for NRL/GSH at 12hours for CD4 count with only Lancet/GSH having a clinically interchangeable limit of agreement. At 24hours, the trends were similar, possibly confirming stability of CD4 between 12 and 24hours. An assessment of disease misclassification at HAART initiation threshold was performed. The agreement was 81.1% for Lancet/NRL, 88.7% for Lancet/GSH and 77.4% for NRL/GSH corresponding to Kappa values of 0.64, 0.77 and 0.55 respectively. McNemar test for paired proportions revealed that there were no differences between the laboratories when it came to initiating HAART. Conclusions: whilst intra-laboratory variability is minimal, there is some significant inter-laboratory variation of CD4 count and CD4% at the laboratories used in Swaziland.… Advisors/Committee Members: Rheeder, Paul (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Cd4 variability; Intra-laboratory; Inter-laboratory; Agreement; UCTD

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mlawanda, G. (2012). Inter and intra-laboratory variability of CD4 : a pragmatic analysis . (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07292011-140025/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mlawanda, Ganizani. “Inter and intra-laboratory variability of CD4 : a pragmatic analysis .” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07292011-140025/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mlawanda, Ganizani. “Inter and intra-laboratory variability of CD4 : a pragmatic analysis .” 2012. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Mlawanda G. Inter and intra-laboratory variability of CD4 : a pragmatic analysis . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07292011-140025/.

Council of Science Editors:

Mlawanda G. Inter and intra-laboratory variability of CD4 : a pragmatic analysis . [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2012. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07292011-140025/

University of Pretoria

2. [No author]. Performance factors associated with a penalty scoring system as used at the Precision World Flying Championships .

Degree: 2011, University of Pretoria

URL: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07082011-142649/

► The performance of pilots in the aerospace environment is a critical factor in the success of modern air and space travel. Various methods of evaluating… (more)

▼ The performance of pilots in the aerospace environment is a critical factor in the success of modern air and space travel. Various methods of evaluating performances of pilots have been implemented and the search for improved means of evaluation is an ongoing process. Multiple factors influencing performance have been identified in the past. However, as the demands on the pilot’s performances varies with changing technology, so does the need to identify new risk factors, as well as ranking old and new factors in order of effect on performance. Aim The descriptive study aims to identify and rank risk factors affecting the performance of pilots as assessed by the Penalty Scoring System at a Precision World Flying Championship. Methods and materials Pilots participating at the 2008 World Precision Championship in Ried-Kircheim in Austria were requested to complete questionnaires regarding possible factors that could affect performance stress factors. Each questionnaire required the subject to answer 14 questions, relating to 17 possible factors. These questionnaires were linked to the participant’s individual score as per the official competition results. Results Out of a total number (n = 178) of pilot performances during a week period, 88 % (n=157) completed questionnaires. Only 57% (n=89) of these performances were included in the study, due to administrative difficulties preventing the accurate linking of performances to penalty scores. Out of the 17 possible risk factors, 4 factors (23 %) were identified as being significantly associated with the Penalty Scoring System. Age proved the most consistent factor, the younger pilots (youngest aged 21) performing consistently better than the older ones (oldest aged 67), even if the older pilots may have had more experience. Experience also proved reliable as a factor predicting outcome, as the performances of the moderate experienced group (having competed in 3 or less previous World championships) was associated with a lower penalty score. The mood of the pilots on the day of competing proved to be an effective way of predicting outcome, with a good mood associated with a lower penalty score. Any medical condition or medication used, were associated with a higher penalty score. The remaining factors (n=13) showed no association, although some (n=5) factors, like sleep deprivation and alcohol are known risk factors. Conclusions The study succeeds in showing an association between the Penalty Scoring System and 4 factors (Age, Experience, Mood and Medical conditions) affecting the performance of pilots. Although not the aim of this study, the conclusion can be made that the Penalty Scoring System may be a valuable tool in identifying risk factors affecting pilot’s performance. Advisors/Committee Members: Rheeder, Paul (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Precision world flying championships; Aerospace environment; Penalty scoring system; Pilots; UCTD

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

author], [. (2011). Performance factors associated with a penalty scoring system as used at the Precision World Flying Championships . (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07082011-142649/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

author], [No. “Performance factors associated with a penalty scoring system as used at the Precision World Flying Championships .” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07082011-142649/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

author], [No. “Performance factors associated with a penalty scoring system as used at the Precision World Flying Championships .” 2011. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

author] [. Performance factors associated with a penalty scoring system as used at the Precision World Flying Championships . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07082011-142649/.

Council of Science Editors:

author] [. Performance factors associated with a penalty scoring system as used at the Precision World Flying Championships . [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2011. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07082011-142649/

University of Pretoria

3. [No author]. Factors affecting response to antiretroviral agents at one year in an HIV cohort at Roma Hospital, Lesotho .

Degree: 2013, University of Pretoria

URL: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05092013-133756/

► Objective: The objective of this retrospective cohort study is to assess whether demographic and anthropometric parameters, laboratory tests, co-morbidity, co-infection, treatment regimen, IRIS and adherence… (more)

▼ Objective: The objective of this retrospective cohort study is to assess whether demographic and anthropometric parameters, laboratory tests, co-morbidity, co-infection, treatment regimen, IRIS and adherence predict response to HAART as measured by CD4 count, weight gain and functional status in a cohort of patients in Roma, the Kingdom of Lesotho. Method: Data were collected from a computerised database of the Antiretroviral Centre of the hospital. A cohort of 300 subjects was identified from hospital records from January 2007. Each of these subjects was followed up over a period of 12 months with data obtained for at least two visits within the 12-month span. Data were obtained on weight and CD4 at baseline, three months and also at six and 12 months, and data for haemoglobin were obtained only at 12 months. Variables that may be potential confounders were identified and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out to establish differences independent of confounding factors for the combined endpoints, as well as for each endpoint separately. Results: Three-hundred patient records were analysed. Approximately 70% of the patients had a CD4 increase of at least 150 cells over baseline values at the end of the review period and in 52.3% of the patients an increase in weight of 10% over baseline measurements was seen. Seventy-nine patients (26.3%) had a haemoglobin level of at least 14g/dL at 12 months, regardless of baseline values or gender. The inclusion of Zidovudine (AZT) in treatment regimens was found in 73% of the patients and in multivariate analysis AZT was associated with not having anaemia at the end of the review period. However there was a slight reduction in haemoglobin level in the first two to three months of therapy in comparison with both Stavudine (d4T) and Tenofovir (TDF) but not significant enough to result in clinical anaemia. Baseline CD4 values were similar for all treatments options but dissimilar in other outcome variables and continued to vary significantly throughout the review period. The outcomes of multivariate analyses suggest that the male gender appears to have better response to HAART as seen in each of the multivariate models. The most important determinant of haemoglobin response was baseline haemoglobin values. In the haemoglobin-associated multivariate model, HAART is associated with an increase in haemoglobin over baseline values. A history of TB prior to HAART was a major factor in weight response and it is thought to be as a result of IRIS, which is the unmasking of latent infections as the immune system reconstitutes. CD4 values have no direct influence on weight however, but an increase in weight was observed in all therapy groups. Conclusion: Clinical and immunological parameters can be used to monitor response to HAART and predict treatment outcomes. These parameters can be organised into monitoring tools that will be useful in resource-limited areas. This study suggests that AZT-containing regimens appear not to result in anaemia and that… Advisors/Committee Members: Rheeder, Paul (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: CD4; Weight; Haemoglobin; Resource-limited; Stavudine; Tenofovir anaemia; Zidovudine; Response; Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART); UCTD

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

author], [. (2013). Factors affecting response to antiretroviral agents at one year in an HIV cohort at Roma Hospital, Lesotho . (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05092013-133756/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

author], [No. “Factors affecting response to antiretroviral agents at one year in an HIV cohort at Roma Hospital, Lesotho .” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05092013-133756/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

author], [No. “Factors affecting response to antiretroviral agents at one year in an HIV cohort at Roma Hospital, Lesotho .” 2013. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

author] [. Factors affecting response to antiretroviral agents at one year in an HIV cohort at Roma Hospital, Lesotho . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05092013-133756/.

Council of Science Editors:

author] [. Factors affecting response to antiretroviral agents at one year in an HIV cohort at Roma Hospital, Lesotho . [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2013. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05092013-133756/

University of Pretoria

4. [No author]. An evaluation of the difference in the persentation and treatment response of Tuberculosis in HIV and TB sputum positive patients : Haart versus pre-Haart era .

Degree: 2010, University of Pretoria

URL: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05122010-123937/

► Objective: The objective of this cross sectional study was to compare the clinical presentation and response to treatments, in HIV positive and TB smear positive… (more)

▼ Objective: The objective of this cross sectional study was to compare the clinical presentation and response to treatments, in HIV positive and TB smear positive patients treated during the pre-Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) and Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) era (2004 and 2007), in St Joseph’s hospital Roma Lesotho. Comparison was done in terms of age, sex, sputum conversion at 2months and 6months end of TB treatment, baseline and 6 months end of TB treatment weight, weight gained and radiological presentation and resolution. Method : It was a cross sectional study design. Data was captured from the TB/HIV register, for pre-HAART era data of patients registered in the 2004 TB/HIV was captured and for the HAART era data of patients registered in the 2007 TB/HIV was captured. Cases were individuals with sputum smear positive tuberculosis and confirmed HIV infection, presenting in the pre HAART era (2004) and in the HAART era (2007). For inclusion in the HAART era, an individual had to be on HAART for at least2 weeks or more. A total of 113 Patients were analysed and 85 patients the HAART era. Comparison of continuous measurements was done with a t-test and categorical measurement was done with a chi-square test. Multivariable logistic regression was used to detect differences between the pre-HAART and HAART era Result: One hundred and thirteen (113) patients were analysed in the pre-HAART era and eighty five (85) in the HAART era. Mean age of presentation was lower in the pre-HAART era 36.1 years compared to HAART era 39.3 years with statistically significant result (p=0.0362). Pattern of sex distribution was similar in both era, (p-value=0.85). Sputum conversion showed statistically significant differences at 2 months, 95.2% of the HAART patients had sputum reverted whereas, 83.2% of the pre-HAART had sputum reversion (p-value=0.009), but no statistically significant result was seen at 6 months (p-value=0.38). Weight did not differ significantly between the two time periods, but there was a statistically significant difference in terms of mean weight gained in Haart era. Patients in the HAART era gained 0.92kg at the end of treatment compared to pre HAART era (p-value=0.001). Radiological presentation and resolution did not differ significantly between the two time periods. (p-value= 0.36). Conclusion : Smear positive TB/HIV co-infected patients in the HAART era were older at presentation, had better sputum conversion at 2 months and improved weight gain at 6 months end of TB treatment. Comparison with a historical control group alone however does not conclusively prove that this effect is due to HAART. Copyright Advisors/Committee Members: Rheeder, Paul (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Haart versus pre-haart era; Treatment; Positive patients; TB; HIV; Tuberculosis; UCTD

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

author], [. (2010). An evaluation of the difference in the persentation and treatment response of Tuberculosis in HIV and TB sputum positive patients : Haart versus pre-Haart era . (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05122010-123937/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

author], [No. “An evaluation of the difference in the persentation and treatment response of Tuberculosis in HIV and TB sputum positive patients : Haart versus pre-Haart era .” 2010. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05122010-123937/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

author], [No. “An evaluation of the difference in the persentation and treatment response of Tuberculosis in HIV and TB sputum positive patients : Haart versus pre-Haart era .” 2010. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

author] [. An evaluation of the difference in the persentation and treatment response of Tuberculosis in HIV and TB sputum positive patients : Haart versus pre-Haart era . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2010. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05122010-123937/.

Council of Science Editors:

author] [. An evaluation of the difference in the persentation and treatment response of Tuberculosis in HIV and TB sputum positive patients : Haart versus pre-Haart era . [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2010. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05122010-123937/

University of Pretoria

5. [No author]. Potential contributors to hospital admissions among HIV-positive patients in South Africa in the Era of Haart .

Degree: 2012, University of Pretoria

URL: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05232012-124303/

► AIM The objective of this study is to determine factors that may contribute to hospital admissions in a cohort of medically insured South African patients… (more)

▼ AIM The objective of this study is to determine factors that may contribute to hospital admissions in a cohort of medically insured South African patients in the era of HAART. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort of all HIV-positive adult and paediatric patients enrolled on a medical aid disease management programme in South Africa over a period of three years. Patient-specific demographic and clinical information were obtained from the medical aid records. Survival analysis was used to analyse time to first admission looking at admissions occurring after enrolment to the programme, during the study period of between 01 January 2006 and 31 December 2008. Only the right censored cases were included in the analyses. Descriptive analyses were conducted on the key prognostic factors. Variables that were significant in the univariate were considered in the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS A total of 8440 patients were included in the analysis. Half of these patients had at least one admission during the observation periods with 43.28% having had 2 or more admissions. The average admission rate was 2 admissions per patient over the 36 month observation period. Young children, adolescents and the very old (> 60 years) were significantly more likely to be admitted than the middle age groups, HR = 1.30 [95%CI 1.21 -1.40] p<0.01, 1.24 [95%CI 1.10 – 1.41] and 1.13 [95% CI 1.10 – 1.27] p<0.01 respectively. Low CD4 cell counts of < 200 cells/ µL were significantly associated with a higher likelihood of hospitalizations with hazard ratios even greater for CD4 cell counts of less than 100 cells/ µL, HR= 1.34 [95%CI 1.29 – 1.39], p<0.01. Cases were more likely to be admitted by a clinical haematologist or gynaecologist than by other specialist categories.HR =1.58 [95%CI 1.29 –1.94] and 1.17[95%CI 1.08 – 1.27] respectively with p<0.01. CONCLUSION Factors that are associated with hospital admissions in this private sector, medically insured population are a younger and older age, low CD4 cell counts and admission by a clinical haematologist and gynaecologist. These results suggest that disease management strategies should be intensified for the younger and older age groups. All HIV-positive patients should be closely monitored for CD4 deterioration so that treatment is initiated timeously. Routine haematological investigations should be recommended for all HIV-positive patients in order to pick up and treat haematological conditions before they result in a hospital admission. Evidence based guidelines, outlining the place of caesarian section deliveries in the HIV population, should be developed for use by gynaecologists specifically in the private sector. Copyright Advisors/Committee Members: Rheeder, Paul (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Hospital admissions; Paediatric patients; South Africa (SA); Adults; HIV-positive; Medically insured South African patients; Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART); UCTD; Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

author], [. (2012). Potential contributors to hospital admissions among HIV-positive patients in South Africa in the Era of Haart . (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05232012-124303/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

author], [No. “Potential contributors to hospital admissions among HIV-positive patients in South Africa in the Era of Haart .” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05232012-124303/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

author], [No. “Potential contributors to hospital admissions among HIV-positive patients in South Africa in the Era of Haart .” 2012. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

author] [. Potential contributors to hospital admissions among HIV-positive patients in South Africa in the Era of Haart . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05232012-124303/.

Council of Science Editors:

author] [. Potential contributors to hospital admissions among HIV-positive patients in South Africa in the Era of Haart . [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2012. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05232012-124303/

University of Pretoria

6. [No author]. Risk factors precipitating exacerbations in adult asthma patients presenting at Kalafong Hospital, Pretoria .

Degree: 2008, University of Pretoria

URL: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08192008-110157/

► Objective. To determine if poor compliance with asthma treatment is independently associated with exacerbations requiring emergency room visits in adult patients seen at Kalafong Hospital,… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Dust- and environmental pollution; Asthma treatment; UCTD

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

author], [. (2008). Risk factors precipitating exacerbations in adult asthma patients presenting at Kalafong Hospital, Pretoria . (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08192008-110157/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

author], [No. “Risk factors precipitating exacerbations in adult asthma patients presenting at Kalafong Hospital, Pretoria .” 2008. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08192008-110157/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

author], [No. “Risk factors precipitating exacerbations in adult asthma patients presenting at Kalafong Hospital, Pretoria .” 2008. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

author] [. Risk factors precipitating exacerbations in adult asthma patients presenting at Kalafong Hospital, Pretoria . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2008. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08192008-110157/.

Council of Science Editors:

author] [. Risk factors precipitating exacerbations in adult asthma patients presenting at Kalafong Hospital, Pretoria . [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2008. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08192008-110157/

University of Pretoria

7. Oladoyinbo, Olarotimi Samuel. An evaluation of the difference in the persentation and treatment response of Tuberculosis in HIV and TB sputum positive patients : Haart versus pre-Haart era.

Degree: School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH), 2010, University of Pretoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24579

► Objective: The objective of this cross sectional study was to compare the clinical presentation and response to treatments, in HIV positive and TB smear positive… (more)

▼ Objective: The objective of this cross sectional study was to compare the clinical presentation and response to treatments, in HIV positive and TB smear positive patients treated during the pre-Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) and Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) era (2004 and 2007), in St Joseph’s hospital Roma Lesotho. Comparison was done in terms of age, sex, sputum conversion at 2months and 6months end of TB treatment, baseline and 6 months end of TB treatment weight, weight gained and radiological presentation and resolution. Method : It was a cross sectional study design. Data was captured from the TB/HIV register, for pre-HAART era data of patients registered in the 2004 TB/HIV was captured and for the HAART era data of patients registered in the 2007 TB/HIV was captured. Cases were individuals with sputum smear positive tuberculosis and confirmed HIV infection, presenting in the pre HAART era (2004) and in the HAART era (2007). For inclusion in the HAART era, an individual had to be on HAART for at least2 weeks or more. A total of 113 Patients were analysed and 85 patients the HAART era. Comparison of continuous measurements was done with a t-test and categorical measurement was done with a chi-square test. Multivariable logistic regression was used to detect differences between the pre-HAART and HAART era Result: One hundred and thirteen (113) patients were analysed in the pre-HAART era and eighty five (85) in the HAART era. Mean age of presentation was lower in the pre-HAART era 36.1 years compared to HAART era 39.3 years with statistically significant result (p=0.0362). Pattern of sex distribution was similar in both era, (p-value=0.85). Sputum conversion showed statistically significant differences at 2 months, 95.2% of the HAART patients had sputum reverted whereas, 83.2% of the pre-HAART had sputum reversion (p-value=0.009), but no statistically significant result was seen at 6 months (p-value=0.38). Weight did not differ significantly between the two time periods, but there was a statistically significant difference in terms of mean weight gained in Haart era. Patients in the HAART era gained 0.92kg at the end of treatment compared to pre HAART era (p-value=0.001). Radiological presentation and resolution did not differ significantly between the two time periods. (p-value= 0.36). Conclusion : Smear positive TB/HIV co-infected patients in the HAART era were older at presentation, had better sputum conversion at 2 months and improved weight gain at 6 months end of TB treatment. Comparison with a historical control group alone however does not conclusively prove that this effect is due to HAART. Copyright Advisors/Committee Members: Rheeder, Paul (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Haart versus pre-haart era; Treatment; Positive patients; TB; HIV; Tuberculosis; UCTD

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Oladoyinbo, O. (2010). An evaluation of the difference in the persentation and treatment response of Tuberculosis in HIV and TB sputum positive patients : Haart versus pre-Haart era. (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24579

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Oladoyinbo, Olarotimi. “An evaluation of the difference in the persentation and treatment response of Tuberculosis in HIV and TB sputum positive patients : Haart versus pre-Haart era.” 2010. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24579.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Oladoyinbo, Olarotimi. “An evaluation of the difference in the persentation and treatment response of Tuberculosis in HIV and TB sputum positive patients : Haart versus pre-Haart era.” 2010. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Oladoyinbo O. An evaluation of the difference in the persentation and treatment response of Tuberculosis in HIV and TB sputum positive patients : Haart versus pre-Haart era. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2010. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24579.

Council of Science Editors:

Oladoyinbo O. An evaluation of the difference in the persentation and treatment response of Tuberculosis in HIV and TB sputum positive patients : Haart versus pre-Haart era. [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24579

University of Pretoria

8. Koster, Bastiaan Hendrik. Performance factors associated with a penalty scoring system as used at the Precision World Flying Championships.

Degree: School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH), 2011, University of Pretoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26127

► The performance of pilots in the aerospace environment is a critical factor in the success of modern air and space travel. Various methods of evaluating… (more)

▼ The performance of pilots in the aerospace environment is a critical factor in the success of modern air and space travel. Various methods of evaluating performances of pilots have been implemented and the search for improved means of evaluation is an ongoing process. Multiple factors influencing performance have been identified in the past. However, as the demands on the pilot’s performances varies with changing technology, so does the need to identify new risk factors, as well as ranking old and new factors in order of effect on performance. Aim The descriptive study aims to identify and rank risk factors affecting the performance of pilots as assessed by the Penalty Scoring System at a Precision World Flying Championship. Methods and materials Pilots participating at the 2008 World Precision Championship in Ried-Kircheim in Austria were requested to complete questionnaires regarding possible factors that could affect performance stress factors. Each questionnaire required the subject to answer 14 questions, relating to 17 possible factors. These questionnaires were linked to the participant’s individual score as per the official competition results. Results Out of a total number (n = 178) of pilot performances during a week period, 88 % (n=157) completed questionnaires. Only 57% (n=89) of these performances were included in the study, due to administrative difficulties preventing the accurate linking of performances to penalty scores. Out of the 17 possible risk factors, 4 factors (23 %) were identified as being significantly associated with the Penalty Scoring System. Age proved the most consistent factor, the younger pilots (youngest aged 21) performing consistently better than the older ones (oldest aged 67), even if the older pilots may have had more experience. Experience also proved reliable as a factor predicting outcome, as the performances of the moderate experienced group (having competed in 3 or less previous World championships) was associated with a lower penalty score. The mood of the pilots on the day of competing proved to be an effective way of predicting outcome, with a good mood associated with a lower penalty score. Any medical condition or medication used, were associated with a higher penalty score. The remaining factors (n=13) showed no association, although some (n=5) factors, like sleep deprivation and alcohol are known risk factors. Conclusions The study succeeds in showing an association between the Penalty Scoring System and 4 factors (Age, Experience, Mood and Medical conditions) affecting the performance of pilots. Although not the aim of this study, the conclusion can be made that the Penalty Scoring System may be a valuable tool in identifying risk factors affecting pilot’s performance. Advisors/Committee Members: Rheeder, Paul (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Precision world flying championships; Aerospace environment; Penalty scoring system; Pilots; UCTD

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APA (6^th Edition):

Koster, B. (2011). Performance factors associated with a penalty scoring system as used at the Precision World Flying Championships. (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26127

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Koster, Bastiaan. “Performance factors associated with a penalty scoring system as used at the Precision World Flying Championships.” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26127.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Koster, Bastiaan. “Performance factors associated with a penalty scoring system as used at the Precision World Flying Championships.” 2011. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Koster B. Performance factors associated with a penalty scoring system as used at the Precision World Flying Championships. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26127.

Council of Science Editors:

Koster B. Performance factors associated with a penalty scoring system as used at the Precision World Flying Championships. [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26127

University of Pretoria

9. Geyser, Maria Magdalena. Risk factors precipitating exacerbations in adult asthma patients presenting at Kalafong Hospital, Pretoria.

Degree: MPh, School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH), 2008, University of Pretoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27381

► Objective. To determine if poor compliance with asthma treatment is independently associated with exacerbations requiring emergency room visits in adult patients seen at Kalafong Hospital,… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Dust- and environmental pollution; Asthma treatment; UCTD

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APA (6^th Edition):

Geyser, M. (2008). Risk factors precipitating exacerbations in adult asthma patients presenting at Kalafong Hospital, Pretoria. (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27381

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Geyser, Maria. “Risk factors precipitating exacerbations in adult asthma patients presenting at Kalafong Hospital, Pretoria.” 2008. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27381.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Geyser, Maria. “Risk factors precipitating exacerbations in adult asthma patients presenting at Kalafong Hospital, Pretoria.” 2008. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Geyser M. Risk factors precipitating exacerbations in adult asthma patients presenting at Kalafong Hospital, Pretoria. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2008. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27381.

Council of Science Editors:

Geyser M. Risk factors precipitating exacerbations in adult asthma patients presenting at Kalafong Hospital, Pretoria. [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27381

University of Pretoria

10. Mazibuko, Sikhathele. Decentralization of antiretroviral treatment in Swaziland: outcome of nurse initiated versus doctor initiated treatment.

Degree: Clinical Epidemiology, 2014, University of Pretoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40715

► Introduction: Decentralization of antiretroviral therapy (ART) services faces decreasing quality when increasing ART coverage. This study compares nurse initiated and managed patients to doctor managed… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Antiretroviral therapy (ART); Patients; Nurse; Quality of care; Methods; Results; HIV positive patients; UCTD

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mazibuko, S. (2014). Decentralization of antiretroviral treatment in Swaziland: outcome of nurse initiated versus doctor initiated treatment. (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40715

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mazibuko, Sikhathele. “Decentralization of antiretroviral treatment in Swaziland: outcome of nurse initiated versus doctor initiated treatment.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40715.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mazibuko, Sikhathele. “Decentralization of antiretroviral treatment in Swaziland: outcome of nurse initiated versus doctor initiated treatment.” 2014. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Mazibuko S. Decentralization of antiretroviral treatment in Swaziland: outcome of nurse initiated versus doctor initiated treatment. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40715.

Council of Science Editors:

Mazibuko S. Decentralization of antiretroviral treatment in Swaziland: outcome of nurse initiated versus doctor initiated treatment. [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40715

University of Pretoria

11. Ratau-Dintwe, Mmabatho N.P. Management of dyslipidemia in HIV infected patients on combined antiretroviral therapy : effects of intervention.

Degree: MSc, School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH), 2015, University of Pretoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46146

► Background: Clinical management of dyslipidemia is challenging, particularly hypertriglyceridemia in patients with HIV-infection. Changing combined anti-retroviral therapy (CART) and the use of lipid-lowering drugs have… (more)

▼ Background: Clinical management of dyslipidemia is challenging, particularly hypertriglyceridemia in patients with HIV-infection. Changing combined anti-retroviral therapy (CART) and the use of lipid-lowering drugs have proven useful in treating dyslipidemia in HIV infected patients Objective: To assess the efficacy of lipid lowering drugs (LLDs) and/or CART switching, in the management of HIV-associated dyslipidemia Design: A retrospective, longitudinal cohort study Setting: Phidisa HIV research project, 6 sites in South Africa, period April 2008 and April 2011 Patients: HIV positive South African National Defence Force (SANDF) members and their dependents; who are on CART and are 18 years or older. Four hundred and forty eight participants with dyslipidemia had non-fasted, total serum cholesterol ≥ 8.0mmol/l, serum triglyceride levels ≥4.52 mmol/l and naïve to lipid lowering drugs at baseline. Measurements: Mean change over time of total serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride in the following treatment strategies were used: exercise and dietary advice, lipid-lowering drugs (statins or fibrates or both), CART switches separately and combined lipid lowering drug with ART switch was measured using panel data with first–order autoregressive-response and xtabond. Results: The mean age for a total of 448 participants was 39.9 years; males were 87%, females were only 13%. The participants contributed to 1861 follow-up visits. CD4 count was normally distributed with the baseline mean value of 402 cells/mm3 (18.5%). Mean change over time for total serum cholesterol and triglycerides increased by 0.099 mmol/l (p=0.007) and 0.248 mmol/l (p=0.018) respectively, with an increase in body mass index while an increase in CD4 cell percent decreased mean over time for total serum cholesterol by 0.045 mmol/l (p=0.002). Our hypothesis was confirmed when lipid lowering drugs and ART switch combined treatment strategy even more decrease in the mean total serum cholesterol and triglycerides levels over time by 0.754 mmol/l (p<0.001) and 2.073 mmol/l (p<0.001) respectively compared to the exercise and dietary advice treatment strategy. Our findings showed that combined treatment strategy maintained a decrease in both the mean total serum cholesterol and triglycerides levels over time of 0.283 mmol/l (p=0.038) and 0.941 mmol/l (p=0.016) respectively, when compared to lipid lowering drugs; the mean serum triglycerides over time were also reduced by 0.486 mmol/l (p=0.048) when the combined treatment strategy was compared to CART switch only. Furthermore combined treatment strategy of lipid lowering drugs with ART switch showed significant virological suppression by decreasing log of viral load, 0.486 (p<0.001) when compared to the exercise and dietary advice group. Conclusions: Combining lipid lowering drugs and ART switching as a treatment strategy in the management of HIV-associated dyslipidemia is effective in lowering the mean over time of both total serum cholesterol and triglycerides when compared to exercise and dietary advice… Advisors/Committee Members: Rheeder, Paul (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: UCTD; HIV infection; Combination antiretroviral therapy; Triglycerides; Lipid lowering drug

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ratau-Dintwe, M. (2015). Management of dyslipidemia in HIV infected patients on combined antiretroviral therapy : effects of intervention. (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46146

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ratau-Dintwe, Mmabatho. “Management of dyslipidemia in HIV infected patients on combined antiretroviral therapy : effects of intervention.” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46146.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ratau-Dintwe, Mmabatho. “Management of dyslipidemia in HIV infected patients on combined antiretroviral therapy : effects of intervention.” 2015. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Ratau-Dintwe M. Management of dyslipidemia in HIV infected patients on combined antiretroviral therapy : effects of intervention. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46146.

Council of Science Editors:

Ratau-Dintwe M. Management of dyslipidemia in HIV infected patients on combined antiretroviral therapy : effects of intervention. [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46146

University of Pretoria

12. Nematswerani, Noluthando Gloria. Potential contributors to hospital admissions among HIV-positive patients in South Africa in the Era of Haart.

Degree: Clinical Epidemiology, 2011, University of Pretoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24912

► AIM The objective of this study is to determine factors that may contribute to hospital admissions in a cohort of medically insured South African patients… (more)

▼ AIM The objective of this study is to determine factors that may contribute to hospital admissions in a cohort of medically insured South African patients in the era of HAART. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort of all HIV-positive adult and paediatric patients enrolled on a medical aid disease management programme in South Africa over a period of three years. Patient-specific demographic and clinical information were obtained from the medical aid records. Survival analysis was used to analyse time to first admission looking at admissions occurring after enrolment to the programme, during the study period of between 01 January 2006 and 31 December 2008. Only the right censored cases were included in the analyses. Descriptive analyses were conducted on the key prognostic factors. Variables that were significant in the univariate were considered in the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS A total of 8440 patients were included in the analysis. Half of these patients had at least one admission during the observation periods with 43.28% having had 2 or more admissions. The average admission rate was 2 admissions per patient over the 36 month observation period. Young children, adolescents and the very old (> 60 years) were significantly more likely to be admitted than the middle age groups, HR = 1.30 [95%CI 1.21 -1.40] p<0.01, 1.24 [95%CI 1.10 – 1.41] and 1.13 [95% CI 1.10 – 1.27] p<0.01 respectively. Low CD4 cell counts of < 200 cells/ µL were significantly associated with a higher likelihood of hospitalizations with hazard ratios even greater for CD4 cell counts of less than 100 cells/ µL, HR= 1.34 [95%CI 1.29 – 1.39], p<0.01. Cases were more likely to be admitted by a clinical haematologist or gynaecologist than by other specialist categories.HR =1.58 [95%CI 1.29 –1.94] and 1.17[95%CI 1.08 – 1.27] respectively with p<0.01. CONCLUSION Factors that are associated with hospital admissions in this private sector, medically insured population are a younger and older age, low CD4 cell counts and admission by a clinical haematologist and gynaecologist. These results suggest that disease management strategies should be intensified for the younger and older age groups. All HIV-positive patients should be closely monitored for CD4 deterioration so that treatment is initiated timeously. Routine haematological investigations should be recommended for all HIV-positive patients in order to pick up and treat haematological conditions before they result in a hospital admission. Evidence based guidelines, outlining the place of caesarian section deliveries in the HIV population, should be developed for use by gynaecologists specifically in the private sector. Copyright Advisors/Committee Members: Rheeder, Paul (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Hospital admissions; Paediatric patients; South Africa (SA); Adults; HIV-positive; Medically insured South African patients; Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART); UCTD; Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

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APA (6^th Edition):

Nematswerani, N. (2011). Potential contributors to hospital admissions among HIV-positive patients in South Africa in the Era of Haart. (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24912

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Nematswerani, Noluthando. “Potential contributors to hospital admissions among HIV-positive patients in South Africa in the Era of Haart.” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24912.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Nematswerani, Noluthando. “Potential contributors to hospital admissions among HIV-positive patients in South Africa in the Era of Haart.” 2011. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Nematswerani N. Potential contributors to hospital admissions among HIV-positive patients in South Africa in the Era of Haart. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24912.

Council of Science Editors:

Nematswerani N. Potential contributors to hospital admissions among HIV-positive patients in South Africa in the Era of Haart. [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24912

University of Pretoria

13. Mlawanda, Ganizani. Inter and intra-laboratory variability of CD4 : a pragmatic analysis.

Degree: School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH), 2011, University of Pretoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26819

► Background: Measuring CD4 levels is the key laboratory investigation for decision making when initiating HAART, a tertiary prevention measure to reduce HIV/AIDS mortality and morbidity.… (more)

▼ Background: Measuring CD4 levels is the key laboratory investigation for decision making when initiating HAART, a tertiary prevention measure to reduce HIV/AIDS mortality and morbidity. Inherent biological and analytical variability is common during CD4 enumeration. We cannot control biological variation but how significant is analytical variation to clinical decision making. Objectives: To quantify inter and intra laboratories analytical variation of CD4 counts and percentages and to determine the degree to which time lapse after sample collection contributes to the analytical coefficient of variation (CV%).To estimate the extent of disease misclassification due to CD4 variability if CD4 < 350cells/mm3. Setting: This study was conducted at the HIV clinics of RSSC Hospital, a sugar-cane estate health institution located on the north-east of Swaziland, in Lubombo district, the worst affected by HIV/AIDS in Swaziland. The laboratories involved were Lancet, Good Shepherd (GSH) and National Reference (NRL) laboratories. Study design and method: An analytical diagnostic, cross-sectional (observational) study was used in this study. Using a convenience sampling technique and after obtaining consent from participants, blood was collected in EDTA tubes and sub-divided into three samples, each for Lancet, GSH and NRL. The samples were further split into two at each respective laboratory, one of which was run at 12hours and the other at 24hours from the time of sample collection. Main outcome measures: Student t-test; analytical coefficient of variation (CV%); Bland and Altman (BA) method bias and limits of confidence; BA plots and percentage difference plots; concordance correlation, Pearson and Kappa coefficients; McNemar test for comparison of paired proportion. Results: Fifty three participants consented for participation and of these twenty eight participants were male. The mean CD4 was 373.4 cells/mm3 for Lancet, 395.9 cells/mm3 for NRL and 439.2 cells/mm3 for GSH and subsequent paired t-test revealed some inherent variability. The CV% for CD4 count was 3.5%, 8.4% and 20.1 whilst bias was 7.0, 13.5 and 8.2 for NRL, Lancet and GSH respectively. CD4% had even stronger CV% for all three laboratories. Inter-laboratory bias for Lancet/NRL was -31.5; -64.3 for Lancet/GSH and -38.2 for NRL/GSH at 12hours for CD4 count with only Lancet/GSH having a clinically interchangeable limit of agreement. At 24hours, the trends were similar, possibly confirming stability of CD4 between 12 and 24hours. An assessment of disease misclassification at HAART initiation threshold was performed. The agreement was 81.1% for Lancet/NRL, 88.7% for Lancet/GSH and 77.4% for NRL/GSH corresponding to Kappa values of 0.64, 0.77 and 0.55 respectively. McNemar test for paired proportions revealed that there were no differences between the laboratories when it came to initiating HAART. Conclusions: whilst intra-laboratory variability is minimal, there is some significant inter-laboratory variation of CD4 count and CD4% at the laboratories used in Swaziland.… Advisors/Committee Members: Rheeder, Paul (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Cd4 variability; Intra-laboratory; Inter-laboratory; Agreement; UCTD

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Mlawanda, G. (2011). Inter and intra-laboratory variability of CD4 : a pragmatic analysis. (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26819

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mlawanda, Ganizani. “Inter and intra-laboratory variability of CD4 : a pragmatic analysis.” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26819.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mlawanda, Ganizani. “Inter and intra-laboratory variability of CD4 : a pragmatic analysis.” 2011. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Mlawanda G. Inter and intra-laboratory variability of CD4 : a pragmatic analysis. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26819.

Council of Science Editors:

Mlawanda G. Inter and intra-laboratory variability of CD4 : a pragmatic analysis. [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26819

University of Pretoria

14. Adebanjo, Adefolarin Babafemi. Factors affecting response to antiretroviral agents at one year in an HIV cohort at Roma Hospital, Lesotho.

Degree: Clinical Epidemiology, 2012, University of Pretoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24507

► Objective: The objective of this retrospective cohort study is to assess whether demographic and anthropometric parameters, laboratory tests, co-morbidity, co-infection, treatment regimen, IRIS and adherence… (more)

▼ Objective: The objective of this retrospective cohort study is to assess whether demographic and anthropometric parameters, laboratory tests, co-morbidity, co-infection, treatment regimen, IRIS and adherence predict response to HAART as measured by CD4 count, weight gain and functional status in a cohort of patients in Roma, the Kingdom of Lesotho. Method: Data were collected from a computerised database of the Antiretroviral Centre of the hospital. A cohort of 300 subjects was identified from hospital records from January 2007. Each of these subjects was followed up over a period of 12 months with data obtained for at least two visits within the 12-month span. Data were obtained on weight and CD4 at baseline, three months and also at six and 12 months, and data for haemoglobin were obtained only at 12 months. Variables that may be potential confounders were identified and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out to establish differences independent of confounding factors for the combined endpoints, as well as for each endpoint separately. Results: Three-hundred patient records were analysed. Approximately 70% of the patients had a CD4 increase of at least 150 cells over baseline values at the end of the review period and in 52.3% of the patients an increase in weight of 10% over baseline measurements was seen. Seventy-nine patients (26.3%) had a haemoglobin level of at least 14g/dL at 12 months, regardless of baseline values or gender. The inclusion of Zidovudine (AZT) in treatment regimens was found in 73% of the patients and in multivariate analysis AZT was associated with not having anaemia at the end of the review period. However there was a slight reduction in haemoglobin level in the first two to three months of therapy in comparison with both Stavudine (d4T) and Tenofovir (TDF) but not significant enough to result in clinical anaemia. Baseline CD4 values were similar for all treatments options but dissimilar in other outcome variables and continued to vary significantly throughout the review period. The outcomes of multivariate analyses suggest that the male gender appears to have better response to HAART as seen in each of the multivariate models. The most important determinant of haemoglobin response was baseline haemoglobin values. In the haemoglobin-associated multivariate model, HAART is associated with an increase in haemoglobin over baseline values. A history of TB prior to HAART was a major factor in weight response and it is thought to be as a result of IRIS, which is the unmasking of latent infections as the immune system reconstitutes. CD4 values have no direct influence on weight however, but an increase in weight was observed in all therapy groups. Conclusion: Clinical and immunological parameters can be used to monitor response to HAART and predict treatment outcomes. These parameters can be organised into monitoring tools that will be useful in resource-limited areas. This study suggests that AZT-containing regimens appear not to result in anaemia and that… Advisors/Committee Members: Rheeder, Paul (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: CD4; Weight; Haemoglobin; Resource-limited; Stavudine; Tenofovir anaemia; Zidovudine; Response; Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART); UCTD

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APA (6^th Edition):

Adebanjo, A. (2012). Factors affecting response to antiretroviral agents at one year in an HIV cohort at Roma Hospital, Lesotho. (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24507

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Adebanjo, Adefolarin. “Factors affecting response to antiretroviral agents at one year in an HIV cohort at Roma Hospital, Lesotho.” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24507.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Adebanjo, Adefolarin. “Factors affecting response to antiretroviral agents at one year in an HIV cohort at Roma Hospital, Lesotho.” 2012. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Adebanjo A. Factors affecting response to antiretroviral agents at one year in an HIV cohort at Roma Hospital, Lesotho. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24507.

Council of Science Editors:

Adebanjo A. Factors affecting response to antiretroviral agents at one year in an HIV cohort at Roma Hospital, Lesotho. [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24507

University of Pretoria

15. Kemp, Tanja. The prevalence and associations of low testosterone levels and erectile dysfunction in a male diabetic urban population.

Degree: MSc, Clinical Epidemiology, 2014, University of Pretoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43553

► Introduction: According to the literature, low serum testosterone levels are associated with diabetes mellitus. Minimal data exist for its prevalence or predictors in South Africa.… (more)

▼ Introduction: According to the literature, low serum testosterone levels are associated with diabetes mellitus. Minimal data exist for its prevalence or predictors in South Africa. Erectile dysfunction is a common condition in diabetic patients. The prevalence and predictors in our patient population is unknown. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was performed in 150 consecutive male diabetic patients over the age of 50 years in the Diabetic clinic of Steve Biko Academic Hospital. These patients were evaluated for diabetes control and complications, the presence of erectile dysfunction and for hypogonadism symptoms. Morning serum testosterone levels were done. Subjects with low testosterone levels were compared to those with normal levels. Results: The mean age of the patients was 62 years (standard deviation (SD) 7.87), 91.3% had type 2 diabetes, and 84.7% were on insulin. The mean duration of diabetes was 15 years (SD 8.65). The mean body mass index was 30.7 (SD 5.37), the mean waist circumference was 112.4cm (SD 16.42), the median creatinine was 96μmol/L (interquartile range (IQR) 79-133) and the median HbA1C was 7.85% (IQR 6.80-9.30). Ischaemic heart disease was previously diagnosed in 40.7% of patients. Some degree of erectile dysfunction was reported in 95.3% of the patients with 51.3% reporting serious dysfunction. The prevalence of androgen deficiency symptoms was 94.7%. Fifty percent of the men had low total testosterone levels; 40.7% had low modified calculated bioavailable testosterone levels, and in 27.3% both were low. With multivariate logistic regression the significant factors associated with low total testosterone were waist circumference and known cardiovascular disease. For a low modified calculated bioavailable testosterone level significant variables were age, diabetes duration and body mass index and for an outcome defined as both the above the significant factors were diabetes duration, body mass index, and known cardiovascular disease. With multivariate logistic regression the significant factors associated with erectile dysfunction were age, body mass index, peripheral neuropathy score, and diuretic therapy. The prevalence of symptoms of androgen deficiency was very high with 94.7% of all patients reporting a significant amount of symptoms on the Androgen Deficiency in Adult Males (ADAM) questionnaire. If only the total serum testosterone level was evaluated instead of the modified calculated bioavailable testosterone, the sensitivity was 69%, the specificity was 63%, with a poor positive predictive value of only 56%. The negative predictive value was better at 75%. Differences in quality of life scores were only seen for some erectile dysfunction subgroups but not for low testosterone levels. Conclusion: This study confirms the high prevalence of low testosterone levels and of erectile dysfunction in diabetic male patients in a tertiary setting, and argues in favour of universal screening of this population group. Multiple predictors of low testosterone levels and of… Advisors/Committee Members: Rheeder, Paul (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Testosterone; Hypogonadism; Androgen deficiency; Diabetes mellitus; Erectile dysfunction; Quality of life; UCTD

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Kemp, T. (2014). The prevalence and associations of low testosterone levels and erectile dysfunction in a male diabetic urban population. (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43553

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kemp, Tanja. “The prevalence and associations of low testosterone levels and erectile dysfunction in a male diabetic urban population.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43553.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kemp, Tanja. “The prevalence and associations of low testosterone levels and erectile dysfunction in a male diabetic urban population.” 2014. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Kemp T. The prevalence and associations of low testosterone levels and erectile dysfunction in a male diabetic urban population. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43553.

Council of Science Editors:

Kemp T. The prevalence and associations of low testosterone levels and erectile dysfunction in a male diabetic urban population. [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43553

University of Pretoria

16. Jamaloodien, Khadija. Application of the AGREE II instrument in the evaluation of a selection of South African Clinical Guidelines.

Degree: MSc, School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH), 2014, University of Pretoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46133

► Guideline development processes influence the quality of clinical guidelines. The aim of this study was to use the AGREE II instrument to evaluate the variability… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: UCTD; Clinical guidelines; Guideline development; Quality of guidelines; AGREE II instrument

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APA (6^th Edition):

Jamaloodien, K. (2014). Application of the AGREE II instrument in the evaluation of a selection of South African Clinical Guidelines. (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46133

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jamaloodien, Khadija. “Application of the AGREE II instrument in the evaluation of a selection of South African Clinical Guidelines.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46133.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jamaloodien, Khadija. “Application of the AGREE II instrument in the evaluation of a selection of South African Clinical Guidelines.” 2014. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Jamaloodien K. Application of the AGREE II instrument in the evaluation of a selection of South African Clinical Guidelines. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46133.

Council of Science Editors:

Jamaloodien K. Application of the AGREE II instrument in the evaluation of a selection of South African Clinical Guidelines. [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46133

University of Pretoria

17. Likanza, Lifetu. Factors predicting spontaneous regression of cervical dysplasia : a retrospective cohort study from a private gynaecological practice.

Degree: MSc, School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH), 2014, University of Pretoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46134

► Background. HPV status correlates with spontaneous regression of cervical dysplasia. However, HPV testing is expensive and hence not readily available in low resource settings. This… (more)

▼ Background. HPV status correlates with spontaneous regression of cervical dysplasia. However, HPV testing is expensive and hence not readily available in low resource settings. This study aims to investigate whether demographic factors and clinical factors can correlate and hence predict spontaneous regression of cervical dysplasia. Methods. A gynaecological practice cytology data base was used in which 142 eligible patients out of a total of 173 with positive cervical cytology tests were followed in a retrospective cohort study. The inception cohort was assessed against 7 predictor variables: age at initial positive cytology, age of onset of sexual activity, parity, smoking, oral contraceptive use, number of lifetime sexual partners and baseline grade of cervical lesion. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression for all predictor variables was performed. The Likelihood Ratio test was used to eliminate and select relevant variables. The model was validated by the use of bootstrapping. Results. Cervical cytology was performed on 1 678 patients over the period June 2010 to April 2014. A total of 173 patients tested positive and 142 had a repeat test. Overall, 77 (54.2%) regressed and 65 (45.8%) had persistent lesions. The median age of the study was 30 years (range: 18-62). Most patients were younger than 30 (54.9%) and had fewer than 5 lifetime sexual partners (68.3%). Most had coitarche before age 18 (64.8%), did not prefer oral contraceptive use (71.1%) and did not smoke (91.6%). The majority had fewer than 2 children (86.6%), were not married (69.0%) and enjoyed tertiary education (79.6%). Age of onset of sexual activity was the only significant variable (odds ratio: 0.79; 95%CI 0.64-0.98, P=0.03). Women 30 years or older had less spontaneous regression, although non-significant (OR=0.98; 95%CI: 0.94-1.02, P=0.25). The number of lifetime sexual partners was non-significantly inversely related to spontaneous regression (OR= 0.90; 95%CI: 0.78-1.04, P=0.15). Conclusion. Age of onset of sexual activity significantly predicts spontaneous regression of cervical dysplasia. Age at first abnormal test and number of sexual partners also predicted spontaneous regression although non-significantly. Advisors/Committee Members: Rheeder, Paul (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: UCTD

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APA (6^th Edition):

Likanza, L. (2014). Factors predicting spontaneous regression of cervical dysplasia : a retrospective cohort study from a private gynaecological practice. (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46134

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Likanza, Lifetu. “Factors predicting spontaneous regression of cervical dysplasia : a retrospective cohort study from a private gynaecological practice.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46134.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Likanza, Lifetu. “Factors predicting spontaneous regression of cervical dysplasia : a retrospective cohort study from a private gynaecological practice.” 2014. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Likanza L. Factors predicting spontaneous regression of cervical dysplasia : a retrospective cohort study from a private gynaecological practice. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46134.

Council of Science Editors:

Likanza L. Factors predicting spontaneous regression of cervical dysplasia : a retrospective cohort study from a private gynaecological practice. [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46134

University of Pretoria

18. Shao, Jing. Glycated haemoglobin A1c compared to fasting plasma glucose and oral glucose tolerance testing for diagnosing type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes : a meta-analysis.

Degree: MSc, School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH), 2014, University of Pretoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43240

► BACKGROUND In 2010, glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was officially recommended as a screening tool to diagnose type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and pre-diabetes, with cut-off… (more)

▼ BACKGROUND In 2010, glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was officially recommended as a screening tool to diagnose type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and pre-diabetes, with cut-off points 6.5% and 5.7% to 6.4% respectively. The implications of using the HbA1c criterion, compared to the general diagnostic criteria: fasting glucose test (FPG) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), is however still being debated. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to evaluate and compare the pooled prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and pre-diabetes, as measured by the Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) test, or the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Secondly, to determine and compare the diagnostic test characteristics (sensitivity, specificity) of these tests. METHODS Published papers, with a cross sectional study design, were selected for a systematic review and meta-analysis. The search strategy was an electronic review of journal articles listed on MEDLINE, PubMed and Google scholar between 1996 and 2012. Reference lists were checked, journals were hand searched and experts were contacted when necessary. Initially all studies related to the validation of HbA1c as a tool to detect pre-diabetes or T2DM in humans, published in English, were examined. Studies were excluded if they did not meet the above mentioned criteria, and/or were conducted with pregnant women. Further analysis was done if FPG or OGTT was compared to HbA1c. The diagnosis of diabetes had to have been based on ADA or WHO criteria. These criteria are: HbA1c 5.7%-6.4% for pre-diabetes and >=6.5% for T2DM; FPG 5.6mmol-7mmol/l for pre-diabetes and >=7mmol/l for T2DM; OGTT 7.8mmol-11.1mmol/l for pre-diabetes and >=11.1mmol/l for T2DM). The OGTT and FPG tests were used as the reference tests and the prevalence reflected as a positive or negative proportion. The sensitivity and specificity of HbA1c >=6.5% among cases defined by OGTT or FPG should have been reported, or it was possible to calculate these from the data provided. Study results relating to diagnostic accuracy were extracted and synthesized using multivariate random effects meta-analysis methods. This study focused on patients who were suspected of having T2DM, from two sub-groups (a community-based group and a high-risk group) to compare the detection rate of HbA1c with FPG and OGTT. Advisors/Committee Members: Rheeder, Paul (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); Meta-analysis; HbA1c; Diagnosis screening; Systematic review; UCTD

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APA (6^th Edition):

Shao, J. (2014). Glycated haemoglobin A1c compared to fasting plasma glucose and oral glucose tolerance testing for diagnosing type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes : a meta-analysis. (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43240

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Shao, Jing. “Glycated haemoglobin A1c compared to fasting plasma glucose and oral glucose tolerance testing for diagnosing type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes : a meta-analysis.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43240.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Shao, Jing. “Glycated haemoglobin A1c compared to fasting plasma glucose and oral glucose tolerance testing for diagnosing type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes : a meta-analysis.” 2014. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Shao J. Glycated haemoglobin A1c compared to fasting plasma glucose and oral glucose tolerance testing for diagnosing type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes : a meta-analysis. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43240.

Council of Science Editors:

Shao J. Glycated haemoglobin A1c compared to fasting plasma glucose and oral glucose tolerance testing for diagnosing type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes : a meta-analysis. [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43240

University of Pretoria

19. Olinger, Lynda. A Comparison of Survival Analysis, Threshold Regression and Linear Mixed Models in a Longitudinal Diabetes Clinic Study (2009 – 2013) at Kalafong Hospital with Nephropathy as Outcome.

Degree: MSc, School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH), 2014, University of Pretoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43211

► Background: This study compares three methodologies appropriate for the analysis of longitudinal time-to-event data. The Cox model is well researched and frequently used. Threshold regression,… (more)

▼ Background: This study compares three methodologies appropriate for the analysis of longitudinal time-to-event data. The Cox model is well researched and frequently used. Threshold regression, however, is relatively new and there are few articles describing its application in biomedical statistics. A linear mixed model provides an alternative interpretation of a continuous outcome rather than time to an event. A longitudinal study of the time to onset of diabetic nephropathy, a common complication of Diabetes Mellitus, is used to compare the three models with respect to their explanatory and predictive abilities and utilitarian value to researchers. Methods: The study entails a secondary data analysis of 1160 retrospective patient records, collected at a diabetic clinic at Kalafong Hospital, Pretoria. Model selection was based on current literature, backward elimination of insignificant variables (p>0.2) and the Akaike and Bayesian Information Criterion. Survival and hazard functions and ratios were determined for the survival data. Risk categories in the Cox model evaluated discrimination, while threshold regression predicted survival probabilities for specific patient profiles. The linear mixed model predicted albumin-creatinine ratio values, a marker for the diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy. Results: The Cox model, stratified by glucose control, gender, hypertension, type of diabetes and smoking status, had an AIC of 81 and was the most parsimonious model. Threshold regression, with an AIC of 1428, indicated duration of diabetes as a significant factor in the process of health deterioration. Individual variation in weight and total cholesterol amongst patients was accounted for by the linear mixed model, with an AIC of 3755. Conclusion: All three regression models provided valuable insight into underlying risk factors of diabetic nephropathy and should form part of a multi-faceted approach to analysing longitudinal survival data. Advisors/Committee Members: Dzikiti, Loveness Nyaradzo (advisor), Rheeder, Paul (coadvisor).

Subjects/Keywords: UCTD

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APA (6^th Edition):

Olinger, L. (2014). A Comparison of Survival Analysis, Threshold Regression and Linear Mixed Models in a Longitudinal Diabetes Clinic Study (2009 – 2013) at Kalafong Hospital with Nephropathy as Outcome. (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43211

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Olinger, Lynda. “A Comparison of Survival Analysis, Threshold Regression and Linear Mixed Models in a Longitudinal Diabetes Clinic Study (2009 – 2013) at Kalafong Hospital with Nephropathy as Outcome.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43211.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Olinger, Lynda. “A Comparison of Survival Analysis, Threshold Regression and Linear Mixed Models in a Longitudinal Diabetes Clinic Study (2009 – 2013) at Kalafong Hospital with Nephropathy as Outcome.” 2014. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Olinger L. A Comparison of Survival Analysis, Threshold Regression and Linear Mixed Models in a Longitudinal Diabetes Clinic Study (2009 – 2013) at Kalafong Hospital with Nephropathy as Outcome. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43211.

Council of Science Editors:

Olinger L. A Comparison of Survival Analysis, Threshold Regression and Linear Mixed Models in a Longitudinal Diabetes Clinic Study (2009 – 2013) at Kalafong Hospital with Nephropathy as Outcome. [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43211

University of Pretoria

20. Nhlapo, Sibusiso G. Drivers of direct cost of inpatient care for HIV-infected adults at Amajuba Memorial Hospital, Mpumalanga.

Degree: Clinical Epidemiology, 2013, University of Pretoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/33331

► Introduction: Sub-Saharan Africa remains the region worst affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic in the world. South Africa (SA) is the country with the highest population… (more)

▼ Introduction: Sub-Saharan Africa remains the region worst affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic in the world. South Africa (SA) is the country with the highest population of people living with HIV/AIDS in the world and Mpumalanga province is the province with the second highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS in SA. The district of Gert Sibande has the highest prevalence in the province of Mpumalanga (38.9%) in 2006. Since many patients living with HIV/AIDS usually present to district hospitals as the first point of contact it is important to understand the implications of HIV/AIDS in a resource limited health system. Study setting: The setting for this study was Amajuba Memorial Hospital (AMH) a district hospital in the Gert Sibande district of the Mpumalanga province. Objective: To analyse direct costs of providing inpatient care to adult patients with HIV/AIDS-related illnesses at AMH from the perspective of the provider (hospital) Study methods: The population of study comprised adult patients with HIV/AIDS-related illnesses admitted to the medical wards during the period of October 2009 and March 2010 at AMH. A detailed retrospective record review of patients admitted to the adult wards at AMH with HIV/AIDS-related illnesses over a 6-month period was conducted. After the record review the costs were estimated using standard costs and utilisation. Demographic and clinical patient profiles were determined then descriptive statistics were calculated with total costs as an outcome variable. Subsequently univariate and multivariate regression analysis were performed. Results: The demographic and clinical profiles revealed that most patients admitted with HIV/AIDS-related illnesses were: between the ages of 39 & 49 years (35.3%), male (54.9%), urban residents (82.0%), unemployed (87.2%), single (80.5%), were not on HAART (70.7%), had CD4 counts between 0 & 50 x 106 /L (38.3%), had pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) (38.4%), were admitted for the first time (60.9%) and of the total admitted to hospital 79.0% survived the index admission during the study period. Descriptive statistics of the continuous data variables were determined. Minimums, maximums, inter-quartile ratios, means and modes were determined and tabulated. 5 Consultation costs followed by investigation costs were the two major contributors to total admission costs (77.7% of the median total admission cost). Univariate analysis revealed these significant associations with total admission costs: admission diagnosis, discharge diagnosis, first admission, outcome, pre-admission consults and preceding admissions. In multivariate regression, admission diagnosis and pre-admission consults were analysed. Significant associations were found between the following categories: retroviral disease versus other diseases (p=0.001), retroviral disease versus anaemia (p=0.035), no pre-admission consults versus 1 pre-admission consult (p=0.007), no pre-admission consult versus 4 pre-admission consults (p=0.039) and no pre-admission consult versus 5 or more pre-admission consults… Advisors/Committee Members: Rheeder, Paul (advisor), Miot, J. (coadvisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Amajuba Memorial Hospital; Cost drivers; Demographic profile; Descriptive statistics; Direct costs; HIV/AIDS; Univariate; Multivariate; UCTD

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Nhlapo, S. G. (2013). Drivers of direct cost of inpatient care for HIV-infected adults at Amajuba Memorial Hospital, Mpumalanga. (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/33331

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Nhlapo, Sibusiso G. “Drivers of direct cost of inpatient care for HIV-infected adults at Amajuba Memorial Hospital, Mpumalanga.” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/33331.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Nhlapo, Sibusiso G. “Drivers of direct cost of inpatient care for HIV-infected adults at Amajuba Memorial Hospital, Mpumalanga.” 2013. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Nhlapo SG. Drivers of direct cost of inpatient care for HIV-infected adults at Amajuba Memorial Hospital, Mpumalanga. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/33331.

Council of Science Editors:

Nhlapo SG. Drivers of direct cost of inpatient care for HIV-infected adults at Amajuba Memorial Hospital, Mpumalanga. [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/33331

University of Pretoria

21. Ahmed, Marwan Awad. Prevalence of Low Vitamin B12 Status among Type-2 Diabetic Patients on Long-Term Metformin and its Effect on Neuropathy Scores.

Degree: MSc, Pharmacology, 2016, University of Pretoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/57487

► Context: The association between long-term metformin use and low vitamin B12 levels has been proven. However, the prevalence estimates of metformin-induced vitamin B12 deficiency showed… (more)

▼ Context: The association between long-term metformin use and low vitamin B12 levels has been proven. However, the prevalence estimates of metformin-induced vitamin B12 deficiency showed considerable variation among the studies and have not been studied in African settings. The potential of the deficiency to cause or worsen peripheral neuropathy in T2DM patients has been investigated with conflicting results. Objectives: The main objectives were to determine the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency among metformin users and to examine the association between the vitamin status and neuropathy in those patients. The secondary objective was to investigate the risk factors for vitamin B12 deficiency. Research design and methods: In this cross-sectional study, consecutive T2DM patients on long-term metformin attending the diabetes clinic of the Department of Internal Medicine at Steve Biko Academic Hospital and Kalafong Hospital were approached for participation. Serum vitamin B12 levels were measured and neuropathy was assessed using the Neuropathy Total Symptom Score-6 (NTSS-6) questionnaire. Records were used to obtain other data. Vitamin B12 deficiency was defined by levels <150 pmol/L. Those with NTSS-6 scores >6 were considered to have neuropathy. The percentage of vitamin B12-deficient patients was determined. The relationship between vitamin B12 and neuropathy was investigated by using Chi-square test and Spearman?s correlation coefficient when the two variables are in the binary and continuous forms, respectively. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the risk factors for vitamin B12 deficiency. Results: Among 121 patients, the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency was 28.1%. There was no difference in presence of neuropathy between those with normal and deficient vitamin B12 levels (36.8% vs. 32.4%, P = 0.209). The levels of vitamin B12 and the NTSS-6 scores were not correlated (Spearman?s correlation coefficient = 0.056, P = 0.54). The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that metformin dose (mg) (OR = 1.01, P = 0.050), HbA1c (OR = 0.71, P = 0.003) and black South African race (OR = 0.34, P = 0.033) were the only risk factors significantly associated with vitamin B12 deficiency. Conclusions: Close to third of metformin-treated T2DM patients had vitamin B12 deficiency. The deficiency was, however, not associated with peripheral neuropathy. Black South African race was a protective factor for vitamin B12 deficiency. Advisors/Committee Members: Muntingh, George L. (advisor), Rheeder, Paul (coadvisor).

Subjects/Keywords: UCTD

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ahmed, M. A. (2016). Prevalence of Low Vitamin B12 Status among Type-2 Diabetic Patients on Long-Term Metformin and its Effect on Neuropathy Scores. (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/57487

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ahmed, Marwan Awad. “Prevalence of Low Vitamin B12 Status among Type-2 Diabetic Patients on Long-Term Metformin and its Effect on Neuropathy Scores.” 2016. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/57487.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ahmed, Marwan Awad. “Prevalence of Low Vitamin B12 Status among Type-2 Diabetic Patients on Long-Term Metformin and its Effect on Neuropathy Scores.” 2016. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Ahmed MA. Prevalence of Low Vitamin B12 Status among Type-2 Diabetic Patients on Long-Term Metformin and its Effect on Neuropathy Scores. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/57487.

Council of Science Editors:

Ahmed MA. Prevalence of Low Vitamin B12 Status among Type-2 Diabetic Patients on Long-Term Metformin and its Effect on Neuropathy Scores. [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/57487

University of Pretoria

22. Molefi, Mooketsi M. Trends & Associations of HIV-related admission and mortality proportions in Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone from 2000-2006.

Degree: MSc, School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH), 2015, University of Pretoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46140

► Background. Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) has been recognised in Botswana for the last two decades, however, facility-based trends and associations of… (more)

▼ Background. Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) has been recognised in Botswana for the last two decades, however, facility-based trends and associations of Hospital admissions and mortality proportions due to HIV/AIDS and determinant factors, have not been studied in settings such as Princess Marina Hospital. . Objective. The aim of this study was to analyse the HIV-related admission and mortality proportions at Princess Marina Hospital in the years 2000, 2003 and 2006, compare and establish the trends Methods. Patient records for the years 2000, 2003and 2006 were reviewed. Cases were identified by documented HIV status or evidence of clinical immunosuppression by having any of the conditions listed in section B20-B24 of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD 10 B20-B24).HIV-related admissions, HIV-related mortality proportions and HIV- Case fatality Rates were calculated for each of the specified periods. Chi-square test for linear using ptrend in STATA was used. A Log binomial regression method was used to identify important risk factors for HIV-associated mortality and admission. Results. A total of (N= 24 541) records were reviewed for the years 2000-2006. The HIV-admission proportions (HIV related admission/Total admissions) were 0.101(988/9748), 0.112(868/7745) and 0.123(754/6148) admissions for the years 2000, 2003 and 2006, respectively. The HIV mortality proportions (HIV-related mortality/Total mortality) were 0.381(289/759), 0.474(309/652) and 0.371(252/680) deaths for the years 2000, 2003 and 2006, respectively. The HIV-Case Fatality Rates (HIV-admission/HIV-related mortality) were 29.2% (289/988), 35.6% (309/868) and 33.4% (252/754) for the years 2000,2003 and 2006, respectively. Chi-square test for linear trend in STATA was only statistically significant for HIV-related admissions (p<0.05).The log binomial regression model indicated that the relative risks of both HIV-related admission and death were lower in females (aRR 0.54 CI 0.32,0.93) and (aRR 0.53 CI 0.34,0.86), but increased in the age-group 14-49 years (aRR 2.08 CI 1.07,4.04) and (aRR 1.21 CI 1.12,3.94), respectively. Conclusion. The proportion of HIV-related admissions has increased, HIV related deaths and the HIV-Case Fatality Rate were notable since 2000-2006. Moreover, there was a linear trend in the proportion of HIV-related admission but none evident in HIV-related deaths and HIV-Case Fatality Rate. Female gender and age group 14-49 years were the two most important determinants for both HIV-related admissions and deaths. Future research focusing on recent trends and determinants of both HIV-related admissions and deaths are required. Advisors/Committee Members: Rheeder, Paul (advisor), Tshikuka, J.G. (coadvisor).

Subjects/Keywords: UCTD

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APA (6^th Edition):

Molefi, M. M. (2015). Trends & Associations of HIV-related admission and mortality proportions in Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone from 2000-2006. (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46140

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Molefi, Mooketsi M. “Trends & Associations of HIV-related admission and mortality proportions in Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone from 2000-2006.” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46140.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Molefi, Mooketsi M. “Trends & Associations of HIV-related admission and mortality proportions in Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone from 2000-2006.” 2015. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Molefi MM. Trends & Associations of HIV-related admission and mortality proportions in Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone from 2000-2006. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46140.

Council of Science Editors:

Molefi MM. Trends & Associations of HIV-related admission and mortality proportions in Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone from 2000-2006. [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46140

University of Pretoria

23. Ngassa Piotie, Patrick. Diabetic nephropathy in a tertiary clinic in South Africa, a cross-sectional study.

Degree: MPH, School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH), 2015, University of Pretoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46144

► Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of micro- or macroalbuminuria among type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients and to… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: UCTD; Diabetic; Nephropathy; Estimated glomerular filtration rate; Microalbuminuria

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ngassa Piotie, P. (2015). Diabetic nephropathy in a tertiary clinic in South Africa, a cross-sectional study. (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46144

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ngassa Piotie, Patrick. “Diabetic nephropathy in a tertiary clinic in South Africa, a cross-sectional study.” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46144.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ngassa Piotie, Patrick. “Diabetic nephropathy in a tertiary clinic in South Africa, a cross-sectional study.” 2015. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Ngassa Piotie P. Diabetic nephropathy in a tertiary clinic in South Africa, a cross-sectional study. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46144.

Council of Science Editors:

Ngassa Piotie P. Diabetic nephropathy in a tertiary clinic in South Africa, a cross-sectional study. [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46144

University of Pretoria

24. Muchiri, Jane Wanjiku. Development and evaluation of a nutrition education programme for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a resource limited setting of the Moretele sub-district, North West Province (South Africa).

Degree: Human Nutrition, 2013, University of Pretoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/31618

► Background: Diabetes self-management education, including nutrition education (NE) is an essential component of diabetes management. Effective NE can assist individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus… (more)

▼ Background: Diabetes self-management education, including nutrition education (NE) is an essential component of diabetes management. Effective NE can assist individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in resource limited settings to improve their dietary self-care; an area cited among the most difficult with consequent improvement in health outcomes. Aim: To develop a NE programme that is tailored to the needs of adults with type 2 DM in a resource limited setting and to evaluate the programme's effectiveness on health outcomes. Setting: Makapanstad and Mathibestad community health centres in the Moretele sub-district, North West Province (South Africa). Methods: The study was done in three phases employing mixed methods research. Qualitative methods, using focus group discussions with 31 diabetic patients (a convenience purposive sample), and an open ended self-administered questionnaire with ten health professionals serving them, assessed the NE needs and preferences (phase 1). The data were analysed according to the framework approach. The results from the needs assessment were used to plan a tailored NE programme (phase 2). A randomised controlled trial (quantitative) with a sample of 82 patients (with HbA1c ≥ 8), allocated to either intervention or control groups, evaluated the effect of the NE programme (phase 3). Outcomes [HbA1c, dietary behaviours, blood lipids, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), diabetes knowledge and attitudes towards diabetes and its treatment] were assessed at baseline, six months and 12 months respectively. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) compared the groups on measured outcomes using baseline values, age, gender, and clinic as covariates. Rank ANCOVA was used for dietary intake. The level of significance for all tests was set at α < 0.05 for a two-tailed test. Results: Needs assessment Diabetes related knowledge deficits and inappropriate dietary practices, including food portion control problems, inadequate intake of vegetables and fruits and unbalanced diets, were observed. Eight barriers and two facilitators to dietary adherence were identified. Financial constraint was the major barrier while social support was the major facilitator. NE recommendations included content related to the disease and diet, group education at the clinic, a competent educator, provision of education materials and inclusion of family members. The planned NE programme consisted of eight weekly training sessions and six follow-up sessions (monthly and bi-monthly), vegetable gardening demonstrations and education materials. Nutrition education programme effects: Seventy six participants (38 per group) completed the study. The differences in HbA1c (primary outcome) between the intervention and control groups were -0.62% (p=0.15) at six months and -0.67% (p=0.16) at 12 months. Few participants, four from the intervention group and one from the control group, achieved HbA1c target (<7%) at both six and 12 months, [(p=0.20), (p=0.36)] respectively. There were no significant between group differences in… Advisors/Committee Members: Rheeder, Paul (advisor), Gericke, Gerda J. (coadvisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Haemoglobin a1c.; Medical nutrition therapy; Diabetes knowledge; Diabetes self-management education; Attitudes; Resource limited; Nutrition education (NE); Type 2 diabetes mellitus; UCTD

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APA (6^th Edition):

Muchiri, J. W. (2013). Development and evaluation of a nutrition education programme for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a resource limited setting of the Moretele sub-district, North West Province (South Africa). (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/31618

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Muchiri, Jane Wanjiku. “Development and evaluation of a nutrition education programme for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a resource limited setting of the Moretele sub-district, North West Province (South Africa).” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Pretoria. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/31618.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Muchiri, Jane Wanjiku. “Development and evaluation of a nutrition education programme for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a resource limited setting of the Moretele sub-district, North West Province (South Africa).” 2013. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Muchiri JW. Development and evaluation of a nutrition education programme for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a resource limited setting of the Moretele sub-district, North West Province (South Africa). [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Pretoria; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/31618.

Council of Science Editors:

Muchiri JW. Development and evaluation of a nutrition education programme for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a resource limited setting of the Moretele sub-district, North West Province (South Africa). [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Pretoria; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/31618

University of Pretoria

25. Thambiran, Mona. Economic evaluation of a school based human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program in South Africa.

Degree: MSc, School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH), 2014, University of Pretoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46147

► Introduction Oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 pose the greatest risk for cervical cancer. Infection with HPV types 16 and 18, which cause… (more)

▼ Introduction Oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 pose the greatest risk for cervical cancer. Infection with HPV types 16 and 18, which cause 70% of cervical cancer worldwide, could be prevented with commercially available HPV 16 and 18 vaccines. A previous study in South Africa demonstrated that vaccination of 12 year old girls with a HPV vaccine, prior to sexual debut, is cost effective, however this was carried out prior to the roll-out of the HPV vaccination program. The aim of this study is to provide an up-dated cost effectiveness analysis of HPV 16 and 18 vaccination of nine year old school girls in South Africa, from a public sector healthcare provider perspective. Methods Treeage Pro Suite® software was used to create a lifetime static Markov model, to determine the cost effectiveness of a school based vaccination program in the public sector compared to cervical cancer screening alone. The time horizon was based on average life expectancy of 61 years of females in South Africa. The costs and effects of vaccination, screening and treatment compared to screening and treatment of precancerous lesions and cervical cancer were modelled with data obtained from published literature. Expert opinion was sought, where no published data was available. Cost and effects were discounted by 5% and a one way sensitivity analysis was performed on a range of parameters. Results Results of this study showed that HPV vaccination was more cost effective than screening alone. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of adding HPV vaccination to the existing screening program was R10 567.79, and dominant for the HPV vaccination compared to screening alone from a public sector payer perspective. The cost estimate of a two-dose schedule, school based HPV vaccination, is R636.75 per vaccinated girl. The vaccination cost to avert one case of cervical cancer stage 1 due to HPV 16 and/or 18 is R58 581.92 and over a lifetime, the number of new cervical cancer stage 1 cases averted due to HPV 16 and 18 vaccination of 507 073 nine year old girls is 5 538. The ICER for the exploratory model of HPV vaccination of HIV-infected nine year old girls also showed that HPV vaccine strategy with dominant with ICER of R2 375.62 per QALY. Conclusions A school based vaccination program of girls, prior to sexual debut, is a cost effective strategy to reduce the risk of cervical cancer when compared to screening alone in the public healthcare sector. Advisors/Committee Members: Rheeder, Paul (advisor), Miot, Jacqui (coadvisor).

Subjects/Keywords: UCTD

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APA (6^th Edition):

Thambiran, M. (2014). Economic evaluation of a school based human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program in South Africa. (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46147

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Thambiran, Mona. “Economic evaluation of a school based human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program in South Africa.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46147.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Thambiran, Mona. “Economic evaluation of a school based human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program in South Africa.” 2014. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Thambiran M. Economic evaluation of a school based human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program in South Africa. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46147.

Council of Science Editors:

Thambiran M. Economic evaluation of a school based human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program in South Africa. [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46147

University of Pretoria

26. Cassam, Yasmin. The effect of falciparum malaria prevalence on the effectiveness of intermittent preventive treatment with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine during pregnancy in reducing low birth weight in southern Mozambique.

Degree: Clinical Epidemiology, 2013, University of Pretoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29732

► Malaria infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in tropical countries, and particularly in Mozambique. Recently substantial resources have been used to reduce… (more)

▼ Malaria infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in tropical countries, and particularly in Mozambique. Recently substantial resources have been used to reduce the burden of malaria in Mozambique. These include the distribution of insecticide treated bed-nets, indoor residual insecticide spraying, access to artemisinin-based combination treatment (ACT), and intermittent preventive treatment of pregnant women with sulfadoxine-pyrimetamine (SP-IPTp). The most important benefit of SP-IPTp in malaria endemic areas has been the increase in birth weight, thus increasing the probability of child survival. The SP-IPTp policy was based on evidence of its effectiveness in areas of high intensity malaria transmission. The effect of SP-IPTp has been less evident in the presence of high coverage with insecticide treated bed-nets. It is not know whether reducing the risk of malaria through effective vector control using indoor residual insecticide spraying and large-scale deployment of ACTs has a similar effect in reducing the impact of SP-IPTp on birth weight. At the same time, increasing resistance of SP could be compromising the effect of SP-IPTp on birth weight, as could co-infection with HIV. The aim of this study was to determine if the effect of SP-IPTp on reduction in risk of low birth weight is modified by Plasmodium falciparum malaria prevalence. This retrospective antenatal record review, analyzed 20867 antenatal records from 2005 to 2007 from public health facilities in Maputo and Gaza provinces, southern Mozambique. One or two doses of SP-IPTp does not have any effect on reducing the risk of low birth weight, while women who had at least three doses of SP-IPTp had a 15% lower risk of their babies being born with low birth weigh compared with fewer doses, (OR=0.85; 95% CI 0.73 – 1.00; p=0.053). The risk of babies being born with low birth weight was reduced by 28% when both malaria prevalence and dhfr / dhps mutation prevalence are low, (OR=0.72; 95% CI 0.51 – 1.00), but this effect was no longer significant with higher malaria prevalence and or mutation prevalence. SP-IPTp has an effect on reducing low birth weight with three or more doses, and in areas where malaria prevalence and mutation prevalence are low. Copyright Advisors/Committee Members: Rheeder, Paul (advisor), Barnes, K.I. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Low birth weight (LBW); Falciparum malaria; Pregnancy; Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine; UCTD

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Cassam, Y. (2013). The effect of falciparum malaria prevalence on the effectiveness of intermittent preventive treatment with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine during pregnancy in reducing low birth weight in southern Mozambique. (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29732

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cassam, Yasmin. “The effect of falciparum malaria prevalence on the effectiveness of intermittent preventive treatment with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine during pregnancy in reducing low birth weight in southern Mozambique.” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29732.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cassam, Yasmin. “The effect of falciparum malaria prevalence on the effectiveness of intermittent preventive treatment with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine during pregnancy in reducing low birth weight in southern Mozambique.” 2013. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Cassam Y. The effect of falciparum malaria prevalence on the effectiveness of intermittent preventive treatment with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine during pregnancy in reducing low birth weight in southern Mozambique. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29732.

Council of Science Editors:

Cassam Y. The effect of falciparum malaria prevalence on the effectiveness of intermittent preventive treatment with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine during pregnancy in reducing low birth weight in southern Mozambique. [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29732

University of Pretoria

27. Manentsa, Mmatsie. Stavudine-associated toxicity in patients on low-dose versus high-dose Stavudine in an HIV treatment cohort.

Degree: MSc, School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH), 2015, University of Pretoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53058

► Background Stavudine (d4T) is an antiretroviral drug used in developing countries for the management of HIV due to its efficacy and low cost. Concerns over… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: UCTD

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Manentsa, M. (2015). Stavudine-associated toxicity in patients on low-dose versus high-dose Stavudine in an HIV treatment cohort. (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53058

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Manentsa, Mmatsie. “Stavudine-associated toxicity in patients on low-dose versus high-dose Stavudine in an HIV treatment cohort.” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53058.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Manentsa, Mmatsie. “Stavudine-associated toxicity in patients on low-dose versus high-dose Stavudine in an HIV treatment cohort.” 2015. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Manentsa M. Stavudine-associated toxicity in patients on low-dose versus high-dose Stavudine in an HIV treatment cohort. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53058.

Council of Science Editors:

Manentsa M. Stavudine-associated toxicity in patients on low-dose versus high-dose Stavudine in an HIV treatment cohort. [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53058

University of Pretoria

28. Delport, Eluned F. Capillary β – Hydroxybuterate testing in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis.

Degree: MSc, School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH), 2013, University of Pretoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43316

► Introduction: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a major life-threatening complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Insulin treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis is guided using… (more)

▼ Introduction: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a major life-threatening complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Insulin treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis is guided using the changes in blood glucose levels, blood gas analysis and urine ketone measurement. Evidence for the use of capillary β -Hydroxybuterate in the monitoring of therapy for diabetic ketoacidosis is not sufficient, and needs to be evaluated in adult patients. The present study was undertaken to determine if quantitative measurement of β- Hydroxybuterate can simplify the management of diabetic ketoacidosis, and if the correction of hyperketonaemia could predict resolution of diabetic ketoacidosis. Methods: A prospective, descriptive study, evaluating measurement of capillary β-Hydroxybuterate in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis was performed. The relationship between capillary β-Hydroxybuterate levels and values of pH was assessed during treatment and as a possible end point evaluation for intravenous insulin therapy. Patients were recruited at two hospitals over a 24 month period. All patients were treated according to a standard DKA management protocol. Data was collected until resolution of DKA and all patients were followed up until discharge. Results: 54 patients were included in the analysis. The mean age of included patients was 36.4 years (SD 10.32). The relationship between capillary ketones, (β - hydroxybuterate) and pH was explored using non- linear mixed models, fitted with restricted cubic splines. The results from this analysis suggest a complex, time dependant association between pH and measured β - Hydroxybuterate. Assessing if β-Hydroxybuterate could predict normalisation of pH, was done with logistic regression (with subject-specific intercept and slope) including restricted cubic splines. From this model it is evident that the cut-off values for resolution, using capillary ketones, is definitely time dependent. Conclusion: This study did not show to a clinically significant, applicable relationship between capillary β-Hydroxybuterate levels and values of pH during treatment of DKA. A single cut-off value for DKA resolution could not be determined, suggesting that β-Hydroxybuterate capillary measurement alone cannot be used as a possible end point evaluation for intravenous insulin therapy. Advisors/Committee Members: Rheeder, Paul (advisor), Van Zyl, Danie G. (coadvisor).

Subjects/Keywords: UCTD

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Delport, E. F. (2013). Capillary β – Hydroxybuterate testing in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis. (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43316

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Delport, Eluned F. “Capillary β – Hydroxybuterate testing in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis.” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43316.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Delport, Eluned F. “Capillary β – Hydroxybuterate testing in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis.” 2013. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Delport EF. Capillary β – Hydroxybuterate testing in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43316.

Council of Science Editors:

Delport EF. Capillary β – Hydroxybuterate testing in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis. [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43316

University of Pretoria

29. [No author]. Comparing chest X-rays with ultrasound for the prediction of left atrial size at Pretoria Academic hospital .

Degree: 2007, University of Pretoria

URL: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07062007-131258/

► Estimates of left atrial size in patients with suspected cardiac disease play an important role in diagnostic medicine. Left atrial size is used in predicting… (more)

▼ Estimates of left atrial size in patients with suspected cardiac disease play an important role in diagnostic medicine. Left atrial size is used in predicting prognosis and events, as well as treatment decisions. Two methods are commonly used to estimate left atrial size: chest radiography and cardiac ultrasound. This study aims to determine the test characteristics of chest radiography and compare the use of radiographs to cardiac ultrasound (the gold standard test). Data from patients older than 18 years admitted to Pretoria Academic Hospital during 2000-2003 who had both chest X-rays and cardiac ultrasound were included in this cross-sectional, retrospective analysis. Chest X-rays were classified into three quality classes, and the sub-carinal angle (SCA) and sub-angle distance (SAD) were measured twice in all available X-rays by two observers. Intra- and interobserver variability (3 methods) as well as the predictive value of the SCA and SAD measurements were determined using logistic regression (with left atrial size determined by ultrasound as comparator). P-values < 0.05 were regarded as statistically significant for all comparisons. Data for 159 patients were available (154 cardiac ultrasounds and 178 chest radiographs). Intraobserver variability regarding chest X-ray measurements was low with almost perfect concordance (P=0.000). Interobserver variability was higher for supine X-rays. Using logistic regression, a linear model was identified which was statistically significant only for erect X-rays. While goodness-of-fit analysis showed that the model fits the data, performance characteristics were poor, with high sensitivity and low specificity, and an area under the ROC curve of 0.62-0.63, depending on type of X-ray and measurement (SCA or SAD). Linearity in the logit of the dependent variable was assessed, and found to be present at the extremes of carinal angle measurements for the supine X-ray data and in the first three quartiles for erect X-ray data. A non-linear model determined by fractional polynomial analysis did not perform significantly better than the original linear model. Cut-off values for the SCA of 72o and 84o (erect and supine X-rays, respectively) were found to give the best compromise between sensitivity and specificity. The corresponding cut-off values for SAD were 24.1mm and 26.9mm. Assessment of either SCA or SAD to determine left atrial size is equivalent and repeatable, both within the same observer, and between two observers (less so for supine X-rays). While this measure is precise, it was found not to be very accurate. Therefore, chest X-rays are not reliable in predicting left atrial enlargement. Advisors/Committee Members: Rheeder, Paul (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Chest x-rays; Ultrasound; Left atrial size; Pretoria academic hospital; UCTD

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APA (6^th Edition):

author], [. (2007). Comparing chest X-rays with ultrasound for the prediction of left atrial size at Pretoria Academic hospital . (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07062007-131258/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

author], [No. “Comparing chest X-rays with ultrasound for the prediction of left atrial size at Pretoria Academic hospital .” 2007. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07062007-131258/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

author], [No. “Comparing chest X-rays with ultrasound for the prediction of left atrial size at Pretoria Academic hospital .” 2007. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

author] [. Comparing chest X-rays with ultrasound for the prediction of left atrial size at Pretoria Academic hospital . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2007. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07062007-131258/.

Council of Science Editors:

author] [. Comparing chest X-rays with ultrasound for the prediction of left atrial size at Pretoria Academic hospital . [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2007. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07062007-131258/

University of Pretoria

30. Van Rooijen, Agatha Johanna. Physical activity as an intervention in urban black females with type 2 diabetes mellitus disorders .

Degree: 2006, University of Pretoria

URL: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04282005-101131/

► Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2 DM) is present in the populations of almost all the countries in the world and is a significant disease… (more)

▼ Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2 DM) is present in the populations of almost all the countries in the world and is a significant disease burden in most developed countries. Evidence suggests that populations in Africa develop Type 2 DM at an increasing rate as they reject their traditional lifestyles. Furthermore, newly released figures by the Medical Research Council of South Africa indicate that diabetes is the 10th most common cause for total life years lost in females in South Africa. Exercise is a low cost, non-pharmacological intervention that has been shown to be effective in metabolic control. Exercise is still vastly under-utilised in the management of Type 2 DM, especially in urban black females with Type 2 DM. This study was designed to determine the effectiveness of an exercise intervention to decrease haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) over period of 12 weeks in Type 2 DM black female subjects, aged 40to 65 years. This study consisted of three phases. Data captured in the first two phases were utilised to plan the exercise intervention. Questionnaires and focus groups were used in the first two phases of the stud. The final phase of the study consisted of a randomized controlled trial. For this phase 157 female subjects who were recruited at the Mamelodi hospital diabetes outpatient clinic, were randomized to either an experimental or a control group. It was found that the subjects had little knowledge about their disease and that they lead a sedentary lifestyle. Subjects felt that Type 2 DM had a negative impact on their lives. Their attitudes bout Type 2 DM showed a dependence on health professionals and they disagreed with the attitude that they should be involved in decision-making about their health care. The results of the focus groups indicated that patients viewed walking and household chores as suitable exercise for them. Personal barriers to exercise were lack of knowledge, tiredness and health-related stress. Subjects expected that exercise would increase the functional capabilities, increase their knowledge and improve their well being. These findings were used to plan the exercise intervention, which consisted of a home-based exercise programme and fortnightly exercise sessions at the Mamelodi hospital. Subjects also had to complete a diary of their physical activities at home. An analysis of co-variance (ANCOVA) was used to compare the experimental and control groups with respect to change in HbA1c and the secondary outcomes such as walking distance and quality of life outcomes. It was found that the exercise intervention was no more efficacious (p=0.05) than a supervised self-relaxation training intervention to decrease HbA1c, over a period of 12 weeks. The exercise group was however able to walk a significantly further distance (p<0.01) than the control group after the 12-week intervention. While not significantly different between groups (p=0.80), the positive well-being improved significantly within both groups (p<0.01). It is possible to improve blood glucose control by means other than… Advisors/Committee Members: Rheeder, Paul (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Physical therapy; Clinical trials; Non-insulin-dependent-diabetes; Excercise; UCTD

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Van Rooijen, A. J. (2006). Physical activity as an intervention in urban black females with type 2 diabetes mellitus disorders . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04282005-101131/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Van Rooijen, Agatha Johanna. “Physical activity as an intervention in urban black females with type 2 diabetes mellitus disorders .” 2006. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Pretoria. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04282005-101131/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Van Rooijen, Agatha Johanna. “Physical activity as an intervention in urban black females with type 2 diabetes mellitus disorders .” 2006. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Van Rooijen AJ. Physical activity as an intervention in urban black females with type 2 diabetes mellitus disorders . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Pretoria; 2006. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04282005-101131/.

Council of Science Editors:

Van Rooijen AJ. Physical activity as an intervention in urban black females with type 2 diabetes mellitus disorders . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Pretoria; 2006. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04282005-101131/

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