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University of Otago
1.
Edwards, Aaron Mark.
Surf Break Co-Management: Options for the protection and enhancement of surf breaks in New Zealand
.
Degree: 2013, University of Otago
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/3735 
► The inclusion of surf breaks in the New Zealand Coastal Policy Statement (2010) establishes New Zealand as a potential world leader in surf break protection.…
(more)
▼ The inclusion of surf breaks in the New Zealand Coastal Policy Statement (2010) establishes New Zealand as a potential world leader in surf break protection. The approach is highly dependent upon local authorities being required to give effect to these new policy directives. Providing for these policies requires a multi-faceted approach that includes surf break identification, mapping, monitoring, policy provision, integrated management approaches and evaluation. This presents significant challenges, especially given that most local authorities lack specific surfing expertise. Surf break users have extensive knowledge of local surf breaks and an inherent interest in the preservation of surfing resources, representing a potential aid to local authorities in providing for surf breaks. Surf break policy implementation arguably serves to benefit from the involvement of surf break users in management responses and decision-making processes.
This thesis involved a case study of the Auckland and
Otago regions to explore surf break user values, the purpose of surf break management and the suitability of surf break co-management within New Zealand’s resource management framework. The study involved an online survey of surf break users and interviews with key stakeholders in the management of surf breaks. A key theme that emerged throughout the research was the desire for surf break management to reflect the needs and vision of local surfing communities. The study identified providing for the general protection of a range of surf breaks and increasing recognition of the value of surf breaks as key outcomes for the management of surf breaks. Results showed that surf break users primarily value factors relating to wave quality and elements of naturalness, with values reflecting local issues. Findings highlighted the importance of scale in addressing surf breaks. Results suggest that management approaches designed to protect surf break values need to consider local issues and local surf break user values. For surf breaks the most appropriate scale of approach is most likely to be at a local-scale in order to produce tangible management outcomes and further engage surfing community involvement. Local-scale co-management programmes underpinned by a supporting policy framework of surf break identification, policy provision and monitoring represents a potentially beneficial option for surf break management in New Zealand. Co-management could enable local authorities to bridge potential funding and knowledge gaps, allow for surf break users to take ownership of surfing resources and serve to strengthen the consideration of surf breaks in formal decision-making processes.
Advisors/Committee Members: Stephenson, Wayne (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: co-management;
resource management;
surfing;
surf breaks;
surfing reserves
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APA (6th Edition):
Edwards, A. M. (2013). Surf Break Co-Management: Options for the protection and enhancement of surf breaks in New Zealand
. (Masters Thesis). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/3735
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Edwards, Aaron Mark. “Surf Break Co-Management: Options for the protection and enhancement of surf breaks in New Zealand
.” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of Otago. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10523/3735.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Edwards, Aaron Mark. “Surf Break Co-Management: Options for the protection and enhancement of surf breaks in New Zealand
.” 2013. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Edwards AM. Surf Break Co-Management: Options for the protection and enhancement of surf breaks in New Zealand
. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Otago; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/3735.
Council of Science Editors:
Edwards AM. Surf Break Co-Management: Options for the protection and enhancement of surf breaks in New Zealand
. [Masters Thesis]. University of Otago; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/3735
University of Otago
2.
Winter, Margaret Shirley Anne.
Classification of Gravel Component Lake Beaches in the South Island, New Zealand
.
Degree: 2013, University of Otago
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/3850
► Lake beaches with a gravel component (sediments > 2 mm in b-axis diameter) have received very little attention in the coastal geomorphology literature. This research…
(more)
▼ Lake beaches with a gravel component (sediments > 2 mm in b-axis diameter) have received very little attention in the coastal geomorphology literature. This research is based on 19 lakes in the South Island of New Zealand that were surveyed and sampled in summer, 2010 to 2011, and winter, 2011. Methods included lakeshore surveys, sediment sieving, and lake wave hindcasting using the ACES model. Results show that three types of lake beach were present. The beach types were pure gravel beaches (all sediments > 2 mm diameter), mixed sand and gravel (MSG) beaches (mixed sediments down the profile), and composite gravel beaches (pure gravel upper beach with an often shallower sand/silt lower profile). MSG beaches sometimes lacked sand in the upper shore and changed to a more mixed sand and gravel sediment in the lower shore. Two of the seven composite beaches studied displayed mixed sediment in the upper shore instead of pure gravel. Linear discriminant analysis returned a good discrimination rate between lake beach types (66.7 % of beach correctly predicted), though only sorting was a useful discriminator (average grain size, sorting, beach width, storm berm elevation, number of berms, and Iribarren number were tested). This compared poorly with a previous classification scheme developed for oceanic gravel component beaches. Lacustrine gravel component beaches were generally narrower (pure gravel: 0.41 – 18.67 m, MSG: 1.09 – 31.02 m, and composite: 0.62 – 94.66 m, though most were between 1-5 m wide) and steeper than the oceanic beaches. No relationship could be found between average grain size and beach slope for any lake beach types.
The lake beaches did not demonstrate any cuspate morphology or beach steps, however armouring was observed in some cases at the shoreline, regardless of lake beach type. Other results from this study found that the number of berms on the profiles were significantly different between summer and winter (p value = 0.008). When the lakes used for hydroelectric power generation were removed however, this variable no longer showed any difference, suggesting the influence of lake level changes of the lake beaches. None of the other measured profile features were significantly different between summer and winter. Hindcasted wave data for the lake beaches found that two thirds received Hmo > 0.5 m, and Tp > 3 s. This suggests the limited wave energy available on lakes to rework sediments, though measured wave data is required to validate these findings. Finally, a morphodynamic model is presented for lacustrine beaches with a gravel component, which is placed within the wider conceptual framework of two previously well accepted morphodynamic models.
Advisors/Committee Members: Stephenson, Wayne (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Lake;
Beach;
New Zealand;
Linear discriminant analysis;
ACES;
Hindcast;
Morphodynamic model;
Gravel beach;
Mixed sand and gravel
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APA (6th Edition):
Winter, M. S. A. (2013). Classification of Gravel Component Lake Beaches in the South Island, New Zealand
. (Masters Thesis). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/3850
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Winter, Margaret Shirley Anne. “Classification of Gravel Component Lake Beaches in the South Island, New Zealand
.” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of Otago. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10523/3850.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Winter, Margaret Shirley Anne. “Classification of Gravel Component Lake Beaches in the South Island, New Zealand
.” 2013. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Winter MSA. Classification of Gravel Component Lake Beaches in the South Island, New Zealand
. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Otago; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/3850.
Council of Science Editors:
Winter MSA. Classification of Gravel Component Lake Beaches in the South Island, New Zealand
. [Masters Thesis]. University of Otago; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/3850
University of Otago
3.
Allen, Brigitte.
Improving freight efficiency within the ‘last mile’: A Case study of Wellington’s Central Business District
.
Degree: 2012, University of Otago
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/2247
► Freight movement within the Central Business District has generally been overlooked in both academic planning literature and urban plans. There is little understanding of the…
(more)
▼ Freight movement within the Central Business District has generally been overlooked in both academic planning literature and urban plans. There is little understanding of the nature of urban freight activity despite the significant impacts it can have on the natural, social and economic environment. This is an increasing concern because the frequency and volume of freight needed within the Central Business District is growing. In addition to this, increasing urbanisation and traffic volumes are predicted to intensify problems that are already occurring.
The aim of this study is to investigate how urban freight activity within Central Business Districts in major urban centres can be made more efficient and reliable. Urban freight efficiency is complex; it is affected by a wide range of actors and activities. Because little is known about the last mile this study looks to explore freight from the perspectives of the key actors involved. Semi-structured interviews have been conducted with professionals from local planning organisations and freight and retail businesses. A literature review and field observation have also been used to investigate the main drivers of urban freight activity, the constraints and barriers to efficiency and potential solutions to the problem. This research used the Wellington CBD as a case study.
Overall this study found that planning for efficient freight movement requires a combination of solutions which incorporate a supply chain perspective. The key findings show that consumer demand was the main driver of urban freight activity. Therefore there is a need to incorporate representatives from local businesses and freight companies, who are providing services to meet this demand into the planning process. Currently there is little co-operation between the freight, retail and planning sectors, this needs to be improved in order to achieve efficiency.
Advisors/Committee Members: Stephenson, Wayne (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Freight;
Sustainability;
Planning;
Central Business District
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APA (6th Edition):
Allen, B. (2012). Improving freight efficiency within the ‘last mile’: A Case study of Wellington’s Central Business District
. (Masters Thesis). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/2247
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Allen, Brigitte. “Improving freight efficiency within the ‘last mile’: A Case study of Wellington’s Central Business District
.” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of Otago. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10523/2247.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Allen, Brigitte. “Improving freight efficiency within the ‘last mile’: A Case study of Wellington’s Central Business District
.” 2012. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Allen B. Improving freight efficiency within the ‘last mile’: A Case study of Wellington’s Central Business District
. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Otago; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/2247.
Council of Science Editors:
Allen B. Improving freight efficiency within the ‘last mile’: A Case study of Wellington’s Central Business District
. [Masters Thesis]. University of Otago; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/2247
University of Otago
4.
Chen, Bin.
What Is The Contribution Of Abrasion To The Sediment Budget Of A Mixed Sand And Gravel Beach?
.
Degree: University of Otago
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/5753
► What is the contribution of abrasion to the sediment budget of a mixed sand and gravel beach? This was the primary research question for this…
(more)
▼ What is the contribution of abrasion to the sediment budget of a mixed sand and gravel beach? This was the primary research question for this thesis. Research focused on determining the abrasion rate (%/m2/d) and abrasion loss (kg/m2/d) and the factors that influence the abrasion of sediment using the Waitaki coast of the South Island of New Zealand. Laboratory tumbler experiments showed that abrasion of sediments along the Waitaki coast varied from place to place due to the intrinsic factors, of sediment size, textural mix, and degree of weathering. The influence of particle shape on abrasion was less clear. The results of sediment tracking with Radio Frequency Identification technology showed that the further the pebbles moved, the greater the resulting abrasion. However results from tagged pebbles did not adequately represent the continuous abrasion loss across the active beach. Consequently a new approach using abrasion baskets was developed to measure abrasion rates continuously in the swash zone. The result from abrasion baskets showed the greatest abrasion occurred in the middle of swash zone while less abrasion occurred at the upper swash limit and breaker zone. From these results using abrasion baskets, the concept of the ‘abrasion zone’ was defined in this study.
A novel abrasion model was developed using swash forces on sediment as the driver of abrasion. This differs from traditional abrasion models where transport distance is the primary factor determining abrasion. The model conceptualizes abrasion as a continuous process in the abrasion zone, unlike previous research that has focused on abrasion rates of individual particles that experience episodic abrasion during transport and burial. Significantly, the model allows calculation of abrasion loss using abrasion zone width, abrasion rate (%/m2/d) and abrasion loss (kg/m2/d) occurring over 33 years from 1979 to 2011, for the Waitaki coast.
A sediment budget model was developed for the Waitaki coast. Historical beach profiles were used to calculate rates of cliff retreat and longshore sediment transport. An empirical formula was used for simulating the bedload contribution of rivers. The abrasion loss was calculated from the abrasion model. The sediment budget showed that abrasion loss on the Waitaki coast varied from 474,000 to 700,000 m3/yr over the 33 years. Results showed that abrasion made the Waitaki coast erosional in 21 of the 33 years, and in the other 12 years, the sediment budget was positive due to cliff erosion supplying sediment to beaches. Longshore sediment transport and river supply were minor contributors at 3 % and 4 % of the budget respectively. Cliff erosion and abrasion loss dominated at 34 % and 59 % of the budget respectively during the 33 years. Thus abrasion is the most important (negative)
contributor to the sediment budget of the mixed sand and gravel beaches studied.
Advisors/Committee Members: Stephenson, Wayne (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Abrasion;
Mixed sand and gravel beach;
Sediment budget;
Abrasion basket;
Abrasion zone;
Tumbler;
RFID
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APA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Chen, B. (n.d.). What Is The Contribution Of Abrasion To The Sediment Budget Of A Mixed Sand And Gravel Beach?
. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/5753
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
No year of publication.
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Chen, Bin. “What Is The Contribution Of Abrasion To The Sediment Budget Of A Mixed Sand And Gravel Beach?
.” Doctoral Dissertation, University of Otago. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10523/5753.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
No year of publication.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Chen, Bin. “What Is The Contribution Of Abrasion To The Sediment Budget Of A Mixed Sand And Gravel Beach?
.” Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
No year of publication.
Vancouver:
Chen B. What Is The Contribution Of Abrasion To The Sediment Budget Of A Mixed Sand And Gravel Beach?
. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Otago; [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/5753.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
No year of publication.
Council of Science Editors:
Chen B. What Is The Contribution Of Abrasion To The Sediment Budget Of A Mixed Sand And Gravel Beach?
. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Otago; Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/5753
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
No year of publication.
University of Otago
5.
Dong, Shuyun.
A General Framework of Vulnerability Assessment to Typhoon Storm Surge Inundation in Coastal Cities
.
Degree: University of Otago
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/7393
► Rapid urban expansion in coastal mega-cities (cities with populations over 10 million) leads to increased land demand and vulnerability to hazards as significant numbers of…
(more)
▼ Rapid urban expansion in coastal mega-cities (cities with populations over 10 million) leads to increased land demand and vulnerability to hazards as significant numbers of people are economically and socially disadvantaged. The high vulnerability of coastal mega-cities to storm surge inundation means both infrastructure and their populations are subject to significant threat. Therefore, it is vital to assess coastal inundation vulnerability to storm surge and project the change of future vulnerability under climate change scenarios to ensure a sustainable future for these cities. This thesis develops a general framework to assess the coastal inundation vulnerability to storm surge hazard. This vulnerability assessment framework aims to provide a general approach that could be easily implemented, and has low requirements for computation time and data. A case study (Shanghai) reveals how coastal communities are vulnerable to storm surge inundation and demonstrates how better preparedness and higher resilience could be built to reduce such vulnerability through adaptation strategies.
Firstly, historical storm surge and typhoon activities in Shanghai were reviewed. Following by a brief review on the current status of coastal protection works, land use change and reclamation projects in Shanghai. Secondly, a two domain multi-nested typhoon storm surge model was established for coastal and regional scale in Shanghai to simulate storm surge inundation under two selected historical typhoons Winnie (1997) and Wipha (2007). Subsequently, the spatial distribution and variation of inundation vulnerability of six land use types in Shanghai to typhoon storm surge were calculated and analysed by a new stage-damage curve system in this study. Simulated results of two historical typhoons suggested that high vulnerability to storm surge inundation was mainly located in the south Shanghai and west Chongming Island, while low vulnerability was observed in the west Shanghai. It is also noticed that although the inundation depth in the city centre was lower than the coastal area, the inundation vulnerability was still high as this area was mainly covered by highly vulnerable urban and built-up land. Thirdly, the future inundation vulnerability of Shanghai was projected, including consideration of climate change and land subsidence. The impacts of extreme typhoon, sea level rise, and land subsidence on the vulnerability to storm surge inundation over Shanghai were analysed. Under sea level rise and land subsidence scenarios, the inundation vulnerability of Shanghai to storm surge is likely to increase significantly by 2100. Results also shown 78 % of the ongoing reclamation land in Hengsha Island is likely to experience a high vulnerability of over 80 % under 500-year return period typhoon activities and 100 % under 1000-year return period typhoon. Lastly, based on the understanding of the inundation vulnerability of different land use types built in this study, future coastal vulnerability adaptation strategies were then proposed for…
Advisors/Committee Members: Stephenson, Wayne (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Typhoon;
Storm Surge;
Vulnerability Assessment;
Inundation
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APA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Dong, S. (n.d.). A General Framework of Vulnerability Assessment to Typhoon Storm Surge Inundation in Coastal Cities
. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/7393
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
No year of publication.
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Dong, Shuyun. “A General Framework of Vulnerability Assessment to Typhoon Storm Surge Inundation in Coastal Cities
.” Doctoral Dissertation, University of Otago. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10523/7393.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
No year of publication.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Dong, Shuyun. “A General Framework of Vulnerability Assessment to Typhoon Storm Surge Inundation in Coastal Cities
.” Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
No year of publication.
Vancouver:
Dong S. A General Framework of Vulnerability Assessment to Typhoon Storm Surge Inundation in Coastal Cities
. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Otago; [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/7393.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
No year of publication.
Council of Science Editors:
Dong S. A General Framework of Vulnerability Assessment to Typhoon Storm Surge Inundation in Coastal Cities
. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Otago; Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/7393
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
No year of publication.
University of Otago
6.
Payne-Harker, Hannah T.
Ecosystem Services Based Management: Evaluation of an approach to coastal management planning and decision making in New Zealand
.
Degree: University of Otago
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/7395
► The ecosystem services based approach to management offers the potential to improve resource management planning and decision-making under the Resource Management Act 1991 by providing…
(more)
▼ The ecosystem services based approach to management offers the potential to improve resource management planning and decision-making under the Resource Management Act 1991 by providing a way to draw together the often competing values contained in the single purpose of ‘sustainable management’ (s5). This thesis used a case study of the East
Otago Taiāpure Management Committee and the Environment Court process in East
Otago Taiāpure Management Committee v
Otago Regional Council (2013) to explore values and outcomes of using the ecosystem services based approach for coastal management and in what form the ecosystem services based approach could be incorporated into New Zealand coastal management frameworks. The case study research involved a range of methods including interviews with coastal managers, document analysis of coastal management plans and analysis of expert evidence statements and Environment Court material.
Results of the research showed that a key value of using the ecosystem services based approach is the ability to portray connections between humans and the environment and environmental components. Key outcomes include a greater ability to manage across broader spatial and temporal scales than may otherwise be achieved. Findings highlighted that there is strong potential for ecosystem services to be built into the RMA 1991 and pursuant planning documents to balance competing interests in sustainable management because of the ability to draw connections and manage on wider scales that was demonstrated. Findings also demonstrated that ecosystem services based approaches could be used in planning processes to portray connections and generate resource management decisions which take into account wider scales. However, key limitations to achieving this include short time-frames and miscommunication between coastal stakeholders, who have competing interests.
Advisors/Committee Members: Stephenson, Wayne (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Ecosystem Services;
Coastal Management;
Resource Management Act 1991;
Planning
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APA ·
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to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Payne-Harker, H. T. (n.d.). Ecosystem Services Based Management: Evaluation of an approach to coastal management planning and decision making in New Zealand
. (Masters Thesis). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/7395
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
No year of publication.
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Payne-Harker, Hannah T. “Ecosystem Services Based Management: Evaluation of an approach to coastal management planning and decision making in New Zealand
.” Masters Thesis, University of Otago. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10523/7395.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
No year of publication.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Payne-Harker, Hannah T. “Ecosystem Services Based Management: Evaluation of an approach to coastal management planning and decision making in New Zealand
.” Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
No year of publication.
Vancouver:
Payne-Harker HT. Ecosystem Services Based Management: Evaluation of an approach to coastal management planning and decision making in New Zealand
. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Otago; [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/7395.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
No year of publication.
Council of Science Editors:
Payne-Harker HT. Ecosystem Services Based Management: Evaluation of an approach to coastal management planning and decision making in New Zealand
. [Masters Thesis]. University of Otago; Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/7395
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
No year of publication.
University of Otago
7.
Tinker, Laura Elizabeth.
Managed Retreat from Coastal Erosion: The Movement of People and their Coastlines
.
Degree: University of Otago
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/4842
► Coastal erosion is a planning issue of great and ever growing significance in New Zealand. Considering the long and short term advantages of mitigating this…
(more)
▼ Coastal erosion is a planning issue of great and ever growing significance in New Zealand. Considering the long and short term advantages of mitigating this hazard through managed retreat rather than hard engineering alternatives, the successful implementation of such strategies stand against several barriers. This thesis aimed to define and discuss these barriers, including the cost of relocation, social perceptions towards managed retreat and the loss of land. With a particular focus on the Clifton coastline under the Hawke’s Bay Regional Council jurisdiction, this study looked at what actions have been taken by regional authorities to minimise these barriers and how effective these steps have been.
Data was collected through the use of Key Informant interviews with employees of local Hawke’s Bay Councils, analysis of coastal processes and land movement with the help of GIS and with the assistance of national and local plans and policies. Comparisons were also made to other situations within New Zealand where coastal erosion has been a planning issue. These case studies were Muriwai Beach, Auckland, where managed retreat has been successful in its implementation, and Urenui Beach, Taranaki, where a hard engineering structure was chosen over retreat from the coast. Through discussion, the outcomes of these comparisons, alongside the information gathered through desktop research and interviews aimed to shed light on possible improvements and changes to Hawke’s Bay, and New Zealand’s, current strategies for managing the encroaching coastline.
Advisors/Committee Members: Stephenson, Wayne (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Coastal Erosion;
Managed Retreat;
Clifton;
Hawke's Bay
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Tinker, L. E. (n.d.). Managed Retreat from Coastal Erosion: The Movement of People and their Coastlines
. (Masters Thesis). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/4842
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
No year of publication.
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Tinker, Laura Elizabeth. “Managed Retreat from Coastal Erosion: The Movement of People and their Coastlines
.” Masters Thesis, University of Otago. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10523/4842.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
No year of publication.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Tinker, Laura Elizabeth. “Managed Retreat from Coastal Erosion: The Movement of People and their Coastlines
.” Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
No year of publication.
Vancouver:
Tinker LE. Managed Retreat from Coastal Erosion: The Movement of People and their Coastlines
. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Otago; [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/4842.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
No year of publication.
Council of Science Editors:
Tinker LE. Managed Retreat from Coastal Erosion: The Movement of People and their Coastlines
. [Masters Thesis]. University of Otago; Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/4842
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
No year of publication.
. 
Open Access Theses and Dissertations