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1.
Ekwenta, Sunny.
Diagenesis And Reservoir Analysis Of The Birdbear Formation, Williston Basin, North Dakota.
Degree: MS, Geology, 2016, University of North Dakota
URL: https://commons.und.edu/theses/1892 
► The southwestern part of Birdbear Formation of the Williston basin is part of the three shelf-wide sedimentary cycles in the Devonian transgressive-regressive sequence rock…
(more)
▼ The southwestern part of Birdbear Formation of the Williston basin is part of the three shelf-wide sedimentary cycles in the Devonian transgressive-regressive sequence rock deposit. It is bounded above by the Three Forks and below by Duperow Formation. The formation can be informally divided into an upper A zone and a lower B zone. The common rock types in the Birdbear are dolomites, limestone, and anhydrite as well as combinations of anhydrite limestone, and dolomite limestone that is mostly found in the upper zone usually at the contact between the Three Forks and the Birdbear. Hydrocarbon has been found in the A zone in a stratigraphic trap formed by the anhydrite acting as a seal and in the B zone by the structural trap caused by the dissolution of salt in the Prairie Formation.
The formation has undergone different diagenesis which has altered its primary sediments and giving rise to secondary porosity and permeability. The formation contains mostly wackestone, packstone, and biosparite. Dolomitization and fossil fragments dissolutions are the two most common diagenetic processes occurring in the Birdbear, hence creating intercrystalline and biomoldic porosities. The reservoir quality analyses show that the Birdbear Formation has decent porosity and permeability but the answer to why the Birdbear is not a prolific producer can be found in the TOC/Rock-Eval analyses.
Advisors/Committee Members: Richard D. LeFever.
Subjects/Keywords: Birdbear Formation Williston Basin; Carbonate Petrology; Geology; Petroleum Geology; Reservoir Characterisation; TOC/Rock-Eval
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APA (6th Edition):
Ekwenta, S. (2016). Diagenesis And Reservoir Analysis Of The Birdbear Formation, Williston Basin, North Dakota. (Masters Thesis). University of North Dakota. Retrieved from https://commons.und.edu/theses/1892
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ekwenta, Sunny. “Diagenesis And Reservoir Analysis Of The Birdbear Formation, Williston Basin, North Dakota.” 2016. Masters Thesis, University of North Dakota. Accessed March 02, 2021.
https://commons.und.edu/theses/1892.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ekwenta, Sunny. “Diagenesis And Reservoir Analysis Of The Birdbear Formation, Williston Basin, North Dakota.” 2016. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Ekwenta S. Diagenesis And Reservoir Analysis Of The Birdbear Formation, Williston Basin, North Dakota. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of North Dakota; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: https://commons.und.edu/theses/1892.
Council of Science Editors:
Ekwenta S. Diagenesis And Reservoir Analysis Of The Birdbear Formation, Williston Basin, North Dakota. [Masters Thesis]. University of North Dakota; 2016. Available from: https://commons.und.edu/theses/1892
2.
Nwachukwu, Francis Chidi.
Deposition, Diagenesis And Porosity Of Birdbear Formation, Williston Basin, North Dakota.
Degree: MS, Geology, 2016, University of North Dakota
URL: https://commons.und.edu/theses/1939
► ABSTRACT The Birdbear Formation in Williston Basin of western North Dakota is a carbonate-evaporite sequence that has been the subject of much research over…
(more)
▼ ABSTRACT
The Birdbear Formation in Williston Basin of western
North Dakota is a carbonate-evaporite sequence that has been the subject of much research over the past decades. This study looks at the depositional environment and the diagenetic characteristics of the formation, and their relation to production characteristics. Much has been done over the years on the Birdbear Formation, but most of these studies were restricted to eastern Montana (USA), southern Manitoba and south western Saskatchewan (Canadian province). The approach of integrating the role and effects of deposition, diagenesis, and porosity of the Birdbear Formation (Upper Devonian) Williston Basin in McKenzie County,
North Dakota was the main purpose for this research. A detailed study was carried out through physical core descriptions, thin section analysis, wireline log correlations, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy measurements to determine if the effects of diagenesis have been critical enough to alter or create adequate porosity and permeability within rock fabrics for the migration of generated hydrocarbons. Results from core analysis showed that two units were recognized, first being a lower carbonate dolomite-limestone of uniform lithology (boundstone to wackestone classification) with abundant organic material that could have served as self-sourcing in production and the second, an upper anhydrite-carbonate lithology (packstone classification), that has the ability to entrap migrating fluids within the study area. Sediments of the upper section of the lower carbonate unit exhibited high diagenetic activities that enhanced porosity
and overall permeability through observed intra-crystalline, inter-granular, and moldic vuggy porosities that were confirmed by NMR analysis. These sediments also showed marked selective or partial dolomitization, micritization and dissolution of calcite cements from inclusion of brines that were effective in creating what could be excellent reservoir rock qualities in the potential for the Birdbear Formation as a hydrocarbon producer within the Williston Basin.
Advisors/Committee Members: Richard D. LeFever.
Subjects/Keywords: Deposition; Diagenesis; Porosity/Permeability; Production
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APA (6th Edition):
Nwachukwu, F. C. (2016). Deposition, Diagenesis And Porosity Of Birdbear Formation, Williston Basin, North Dakota. (Masters Thesis). University of North Dakota. Retrieved from https://commons.und.edu/theses/1939
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Nwachukwu, Francis Chidi. “Deposition, Diagenesis And Porosity Of Birdbear Formation, Williston Basin, North Dakota.” 2016. Masters Thesis, University of North Dakota. Accessed March 02, 2021.
https://commons.und.edu/theses/1939.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Nwachukwu, Francis Chidi. “Deposition, Diagenesis And Porosity Of Birdbear Formation, Williston Basin, North Dakota.” 2016. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Nwachukwu FC. Deposition, Diagenesis And Porosity Of Birdbear Formation, Williston Basin, North Dakota. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of North Dakota; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: https://commons.und.edu/theses/1939.
Council of Science Editors:
Nwachukwu FC. Deposition, Diagenesis And Porosity Of Birdbear Formation, Williston Basin, North Dakota. [Masters Thesis]. University of North Dakota; 2016. Available from: https://commons.und.edu/theses/1939
3.
Sarnoski, Anthony Henry.
The Stratigraphy And Depositional History Of The Deadwood Formation, With A Focus On Early Paleozoic Subsidence In The Williston Basin.
Degree: MS, Geology, 2015, University of North Dakota
URL: https://commons.und.edu/theses/1957
► The Deadwood Formation is an assemblage of siliciclastic, carbonate, and evaporite sedimentary rocks in North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan. The…
(more)
▼ The Deadwood Formation is an assemblage of siliciclastic, carbonate, and evaporite sedimentary rocks in
North Dakota, South
Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan. The majority of the lateral extent of the Deadwood Formation is in the subsurface of the Williston Basin, where it is the basal lithostratigraphic unit. Deposition began roughly 501 million years ago, as the Sauk sequence reached the exposed Precambrian igneous and metamorphic rock of the
North American Craton.
Six identifiable and widespread gamma ray markers occur in the well logs, dividing the formation into six informal units, label members A through F in ascending order. The initial deposits on the craton were conglomerates and sandstones of the Cambrian Member A. These sediments were overlain by glauconite rich, siltstones and fine-grained sandstones of the Cambrian and Ordovician Member B. After the deposition of Member B, three regressive-transgressive sequences took place, depositing a succession of sandstones, limestones, dolomudstones, siliciclastic mudstones, and calcareous siltstones. These deposits represent the Ordovician members, C,
D, E and F.
Using the thickness, depositional environments, age of each member, and other well information, tectonic subsidence values were determined using backstripping analysis. This analysis was completed by inputting all of the information into Novva®, a 1D geological modeling software released by Sirius Exploration Geochemistry Inc. Data collected from well logs and core, other data researched by the author, and information from previous works was combined with information and calculations supplied by Novva®. The results produce an accurate computation of the depositional history for the seven wells that penetrated all six members of the Deadwood Formation and the Precambrian basement.
Prior to and at the start of Deadwood deposition the Williston Basin did not exist. Evidence from isopach maps created for each member of the Deadwood Formation and the results from Novva® concluded that subsidence in the area, now known as the Williston Basin, did not begin until Member C was being deposited. This places the initiation of the Williston Basin to be roughly 485 to 482 million years ago.
Advisors/Committee Members: Richard D. LeFever.
Subjects/Keywords: Cambrian; Deadwood; Newporte; Ordovician; Subsidence; Williston Basin
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APA (6th Edition):
Sarnoski, A. H. (2015). The Stratigraphy And Depositional History Of The Deadwood Formation, With A Focus On Early Paleozoic Subsidence In The Williston Basin. (Masters Thesis). University of North Dakota. Retrieved from https://commons.und.edu/theses/1957
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Sarnoski, Anthony Henry. “The Stratigraphy And Depositional History Of The Deadwood Formation, With A Focus On Early Paleozoic Subsidence In The Williston Basin.” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of North Dakota. Accessed March 02, 2021.
https://commons.und.edu/theses/1957.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Sarnoski, Anthony Henry. “The Stratigraphy And Depositional History Of The Deadwood Formation, With A Focus On Early Paleozoic Subsidence In The Williston Basin.” 2015. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Sarnoski AH. The Stratigraphy And Depositional History Of The Deadwood Formation, With A Focus On Early Paleozoic Subsidence In The Williston Basin. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of North Dakota; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: https://commons.und.edu/theses/1957.
Council of Science Editors:
Sarnoski AH. The Stratigraphy And Depositional History Of The Deadwood Formation, With A Focus On Early Paleozoic Subsidence In The Williston Basin. [Masters Thesis]. University of North Dakota; 2015. Available from: https://commons.und.edu/theses/1957
4.
Shurtliff, Kyle D.
3-D Geocellular Model Of The Duperow Formation In Southwestern North Dakota.
Degree: MS, Geology, 2015, University of North Dakota
URL: https://commons.und.edu/theses/1964
► ABSTRACT The Duperow Formation of southwestern North Dakota is Devonian in age, and forms the lower part of the Jefferson Group within the Kaskaskia…
(more)
▼ ABSTRACT
The Duperow Formation of southwestern
North Dakota is Devonian in age, and forms the lower part of the Jefferson Group within the Kaskaskia Sequence. This shallow marine shelf deposit is a cyclical carbonate evaporite, and is comprised of dolomitic mudstones, gypsum, multiple bioclastic wackestones/packstones, stromatoporoid boundstone and anhydrite.
There is a long history of oil production in this formation dating back to the 1950’s in
North Dakota. By 1989, the Duperow Formation was the second most prolific hydrocarbon producer on the Billings Anticline in
North Dakota, and therefore was studied extensively. Environmental factors during deposition as well as diagenetic processes after deposition allowed for hydrocarbon accumulation in pore spaces. As technology advanced and unconventional plays developed, small pay and traditional reservoirs, like the Duperow, were not as profitable, and because of that very little research was done on the Duperow in
North Dakota 1989.
The well-established cycles of the lower Duperow Formation allow for correlation of wells and cycles across the basin. Two of these cycles at the base of the Duperow have enhanced porosity and definite permeability in locations where dolomitization has occurred and stromatoporoid banks accumulated. Dolomitization of limestone increase the porosity of the rock as the dolomite crystals take their shape as rhombohedrals. Stromatoporoid banks keep some of its pore space and permeability as it is fossilized making it suitable to be a reservoir. These cycles are shown to be continuous beyond the slopes of the anticline. The creation of a 3-
D geocellular model shows the extent of the porosity and permeability throughout the study area.
Advisors/Committee Members: Richard D. LeFever.
Subjects/Keywords: 3-D Model; Duperow Formation; Stratigraphy
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APA ·
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CSE |
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Shurtliff, K. D. (2015). 3-D Geocellular Model Of The Duperow Formation In Southwestern North Dakota. (Masters Thesis). University of North Dakota. Retrieved from https://commons.und.edu/theses/1964
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Shurtliff, Kyle D. “3-D Geocellular Model Of The Duperow Formation In Southwestern North Dakota.” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of North Dakota. Accessed March 02, 2021.
https://commons.und.edu/theses/1964.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Shurtliff, Kyle D. “3-D Geocellular Model Of The Duperow Formation In Southwestern North Dakota.” 2015. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Shurtliff KD. 3-D Geocellular Model Of The Duperow Formation In Southwestern North Dakota. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of North Dakota; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: https://commons.und.edu/theses/1964.
Council of Science Editors:
Shurtliff KD. 3-D Geocellular Model Of The Duperow Formation In Southwestern North Dakota. [Masters Thesis]. University of North Dakota; 2015. Available from: https://commons.und.edu/theses/1964
. 
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