+publisher:"University of North Carolina" +contributor:("Serre, Marc")

University of North Carolina

1. Clough, Lani. Disease Mapping of Syphilis in Forsyth County, North Carolina with Enhanced Geoprivacy and Spatial Resolution.

Degree: Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 2012, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:407a0b1c-cdda-4cca-9bae-3291bb3413b9

► This paper refines the spatial resolution of disease maps by making use of geomasked syphilis cases moved by a random displacement to preserve their anonymity.… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Gillings School of Global Public Health; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering

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APA (6^th Edition):

Clough, L. (2012). Disease Mapping of Syphilis in Forsyth County, North Carolina with Enhanced Geoprivacy and Spatial Resolution. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:407a0b1c-cdda-4cca-9bae-3291bb3413b9

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Clough, Lani. “Disease Mapping of Syphilis in Forsyth County, North Carolina with Enhanced Geoprivacy and Spatial Resolution.” 2012. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 27, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:407a0b1c-cdda-4cca-9bae-3291bb3413b9.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Clough, Lani. “Disease Mapping of Syphilis in Forsyth County, North Carolina with Enhanced Geoprivacy and Spatial Resolution.” 2012. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Clough L. Disease Mapping of Syphilis in Forsyth County, North Carolina with Enhanced Geoprivacy and Spatial Resolution. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:407a0b1c-cdda-4cca-9bae-3291bb3413b9.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Clough L. Disease Mapping of Syphilis in Forsyth County, North Carolina with Enhanced Geoprivacy and Spatial Resolution. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2012. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:407a0b1c-cdda-4cca-9bae-3291bb3413b9

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

2. Messier, Kyle Philip. Integration of a contaminant source land use regression model in the Bayesian Maximum Entropy spatiotemporal geostatistical estimation of groundwater tetrachloroethylene across North Carolina.

Degree: Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 2010, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:2d4158e7-2106-4fe5-a70a-7028167bad9e

► The assessment of groundwater tetrachloroethylene (PCE or PERC) exposure across North Carolina is currently hindered due to limited statewide spatiotemporal contaminant maps. In this study… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Gillings School of Global Public Health; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering

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APA (6^th Edition):

Messier, K. P. (2010). Integration of a contaminant source land use regression model in the Bayesian Maximum Entropy spatiotemporal geostatistical estimation of groundwater tetrachloroethylene across North Carolina. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:2d4158e7-2106-4fe5-a70a-7028167bad9e

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Messier, Kyle Philip. “Integration of a contaminant source land use regression model in the Bayesian Maximum Entropy spatiotemporal geostatistical estimation of groundwater tetrachloroethylene across North Carolina.” 2010. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 27, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:2d4158e7-2106-4fe5-a70a-7028167bad9e.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Messier, Kyle Philip. “Integration of a contaminant source land use regression model in the Bayesian Maximum Entropy spatiotemporal geostatistical estimation of groundwater tetrachloroethylene across North Carolina.” 2010. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Messier KP. Integration of a contaminant source land use regression model in the Bayesian Maximum Entropy spatiotemporal geostatistical estimation of groundwater tetrachloroethylene across North Carolina. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2010. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:2d4158e7-2106-4fe5-a70a-7028167bad9e.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Messier KP. Integration of a contaminant source land use regression model in the Bayesian Maximum Entropy spatiotemporal geostatistical estimation of groundwater tetrachloroethylene across North Carolina. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2010. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:2d4158e7-2106-4fe5-a70a-7028167bad9e

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

3. Reyes, Jeanette M. Global land use regression and Bayesian Maximum Entropy spatiotemporal estimation of PM2.5 yearly average concentrations across the United States.

Degree: Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 2011, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:b296bf9f-58b5-4601-a79b-ae062a478408

► Knowledge of PM2.5 concentrations across the United States is limited due to sparse monitoring across space and time. This work incorporates a land use regression… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Gillings School of Global Public Health; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering

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APA (6^th Edition):

Reyes, J. M. (2011). Global land use regression and Bayesian Maximum Entropy spatiotemporal estimation of PM2.5 yearly average concentrations across the United States. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:b296bf9f-58b5-4601-a79b-ae062a478408

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Reyes, Jeanette M. “Global land use regression and Bayesian Maximum Entropy spatiotemporal estimation of PM2.5 yearly average concentrations across the United States.” 2011. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 27, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:b296bf9f-58b5-4601-a79b-ae062a478408.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Reyes, Jeanette M. “Global land use regression and Bayesian Maximum Entropy spatiotemporal estimation of PM2.5 yearly average concentrations across the United States.” 2011. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Reyes JM. Global land use regression and Bayesian Maximum Entropy spatiotemporal estimation of PM2.5 yearly average concentrations across the United States. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:b296bf9f-58b5-4601-a79b-ae062a478408.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Reyes JM. Global land use regression and Bayesian Maximum Entropy spatiotemporal estimation of PM2.5 yearly average concentrations across the United States. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2011. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:b296bf9f-58b5-4601-a79b-ae062a478408

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

4. Boone, Scott. Calculation of Sensitivity Coefficients Using CMAQ-DDM for Individual Airport Emissions in the United States.

Degree: Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 2015, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:80ce60db-3291-4c9b-8bc0-fe77de76e825

► The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model instrumented with the Direct Decoupled Method in three dimensions (DDM-3D), an advanced method for sensitivity analysis of chemical… (more)

▼ The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model instrumented with the Direct Decoupled Method in three dimensions (DDM-3D), an advanced method for sensitivity analysis of chemical transport models, is used to quantify individual impacts of large and mid-size US airports on ambient air quality. Sensitivity coefficients are generated for six precursor species groups, allowing estimations of ozone and PM2.5 concentrations from each of 66 individual airports. Airports were divided into groups, minimizing interference and allowing more airports to be analyzed while keeping total simulation runtimes as low as possible. Chorded aviation activity data from the Aviation Environmental Design Tool (AEDT) were used to generate speciated emissions along flight tracks during landing and takeoff (LTO) activities. Sensitivity grids were generated for ozone and primary and secondary components of fine particulate matter for the 66 airports in the domain. Emissions from these airports account for 61% of flights and 77% of fuel burn in the 2005 AEDT inventory; sensitivities from these airports account for 73% of total aviation LTO PM2.5 sensitivities and 57% of total aviation LTO ozone sensitivities in the domain. Aircraft LTO operations for all airports in the domain were found to be responsible for an increase in annual average PM2.5 concentrations of 2.4E-3 ug/m3 nationwide (0.038% of PM2.5 concentrations from all sources), with this level climbing to as high as 0.025 ug/m3 near major airports. Ozone concentrations displayed an annual domain average 8-hr max sensitivity of 1.8E-2 ppbv (0.036% of ozone concentrations from all sources). Sensitivity to PM2.5 precursor emissions from individual airports was often far-reaching. Thirteen airports produced total PM2.5 sensitivities in excess of 1E-3 ug/m3 at 250km, and 52 airports produced sensitivities in excess of 1E-4 ug/m3 at the same distance; sensitivities at these distances tend to be primarily composed of secondary species, while sensitivities closer to airports are balanced more evenly between primary and secondary species. Spatially-resolved estimation of PM2.5 from NAS-wide aircraft LTO operations was calculated to be responsible for an excess all-cause mortality of 131 (95% CI: 121 – 142) deaths per year. These individual airport sensitivities will be used in the future to generate further estimates of current health and economic impacts of aviation activity, and to inform policy decisions regarding growth and operations in the aviation sector. Advisors/Committee Members: Boone, Scott, Arunachalam, Saravanan, Serre, Marc, Vizuete, William.

Subjects/Keywords: Environmental sciences; Transportation – Planning; Public health; Gillings School of Global Public Health; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering

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APA (6^th Edition):

Boone, S. (2015). Calculation of Sensitivity Coefficients Using CMAQ-DDM for Individual Airport Emissions in the United States. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:80ce60db-3291-4c9b-8bc0-fe77de76e825

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Boone, Scott. “Calculation of Sensitivity Coefficients Using CMAQ-DDM for Individual Airport Emissions in the United States.” 2015. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 27, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:80ce60db-3291-4c9b-8bc0-fe77de76e825.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Boone, Scott. “Calculation of Sensitivity Coefficients Using CMAQ-DDM for Individual Airport Emissions in the United States.” 2015. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Boone S. Calculation of Sensitivity Coefficients Using CMAQ-DDM for Individual Airport Emissions in the United States. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:80ce60db-3291-4c9b-8bc0-fe77de76e825.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Boone S. Calculation of Sensitivity Coefficients Using CMAQ-DDM for Individual Airport Emissions in the United States. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2015. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:80ce60db-3291-4c9b-8bc0-fe77de76e825

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

5. Smedsmo, Jamie. SURFACE WATER NITRATE VARIABILITY IN NORTH CAROLINA: ESTIMATION FROM MONITORING DATA, LAND USE, AND POINT SOURCES.

Degree: Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 2015, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:d17ab3ed-8067-4690-a7c0-fc382a7211da

► In this study, we estimate nitrate concentrations across the state of North Carolina to improve monitoring and management of nitrogen over-enrichment. Riverine nitrate concentrations were… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Water resources development – Management; Gillings School of Global Public Health; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Smedsmo, J. (2015). SURFACE WATER NITRATE VARIABILITY IN NORTH CAROLINA: ESTIMATION FROM MONITORING DATA, LAND USE, AND POINT SOURCES. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:d17ab3ed-8067-4690-a7c0-fc382a7211da

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Smedsmo, Jamie. “SURFACE WATER NITRATE VARIABILITY IN NORTH CAROLINA: ESTIMATION FROM MONITORING DATA, LAND USE, AND POINT SOURCES.” 2015. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 27, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:d17ab3ed-8067-4690-a7c0-fc382a7211da.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Smedsmo, Jamie. “SURFACE WATER NITRATE VARIABILITY IN NORTH CAROLINA: ESTIMATION FROM MONITORING DATA, LAND USE, AND POINT SOURCES.” 2015. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Smedsmo J. SURFACE WATER NITRATE VARIABILITY IN NORTH CAROLINA: ESTIMATION FROM MONITORING DATA, LAND USE, AND POINT SOURCES. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:d17ab3ed-8067-4690-a7c0-fc382a7211da.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Smedsmo J. SURFACE WATER NITRATE VARIABILITY IN NORTH CAROLINA: ESTIMATION FROM MONITORING DATA, LAND USE, AND POINT SOURCES. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2015. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:d17ab3ed-8067-4690-a7c0-fc382a7211da

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

6. Christenson, Elizabeth. Using remote sensing to calculate plant available nitrogen from industrial hog CAFOs in North Carolina at the sprayfield and sub-watershed scales.

Degree: Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 2015, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:aecdc409-4b00-4a47-ba50-8b4382f5da18

► Duplin county, NC has the highest hog-population density of any county in the United States. Liquid manure from industrial-sized hog concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs)… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Geographic information systems; Geodesy; Agriculture; Hydrology; Gillings School of Global Public Health; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering

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APA (6^th Edition):

Christenson, E. (2015). Using remote sensing to calculate plant available nitrogen from industrial hog CAFOs in North Carolina at the sprayfield and sub-watershed scales. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:aecdc409-4b00-4a47-ba50-8b4382f5da18

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Christenson, Elizabeth. “Using remote sensing to calculate plant available nitrogen from industrial hog CAFOs in North Carolina at the sprayfield and sub-watershed scales.” 2015. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 27, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:aecdc409-4b00-4a47-ba50-8b4382f5da18.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Christenson, Elizabeth. “Using remote sensing to calculate plant available nitrogen from industrial hog CAFOs in North Carolina at the sprayfield and sub-watershed scales.” 2015. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Christenson E. Using remote sensing to calculate plant available nitrogen from industrial hog CAFOs in North Carolina at the sprayfield and sub-watershed scales. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:aecdc409-4b00-4a47-ba50-8b4382f5da18.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Christenson E. Using remote sensing to calculate plant available nitrogen from industrial hog CAFOs in North Carolina at the sprayfield and sub-watershed scales. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2015. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:aecdc409-4b00-4a47-ba50-8b4382f5da18

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

7. Kern, Jordan. Influence of De-regulated Electricity Markets on Hydropower Generation and Downstream Flow Regime.

Degree: Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 2010, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:b4c1e73e-e79e-4f0b-89a6-9db79badd2a9

► The flow regime of rivers is a complex, but important measure of environmental quality, and one that can be significantly impacted by conventional hydropower generation.… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Gillings School of Global Public Health; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Kern, J. (2010). Influence of De-regulated Electricity Markets on Hydropower Generation and Downstream Flow Regime. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:b4c1e73e-e79e-4f0b-89a6-9db79badd2a9

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kern, Jordan. “Influence of De-regulated Electricity Markets on Hydropower Generation and Downstream Flow Regime.” 2010. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 27, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:b4c1e73e-e79e-4f0b-89a6-9db79badd2a9.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kern, Jordan. “Influence of De-regulated Electricity Markets on Hydropower Generation and Downstream Flow Regime.” 2010. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Kern J. Influence of De-regulated Electricity Markets on Hydropower Generation and Downstream Flow Regime. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2010. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:b4c1e73e-e79e-4f0b-89a6-9db79badd2a9.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kern J. Influence of De-regulated Electricity Markets on Hydropower Generation and Downstream Flow Regime. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2010. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:b4c1e73e-e79e-4f0b-89a6-9db79badd2a9

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

8. Tao, Ranxin. An Investigation of Flow Rate Motivated Mobilization of Entrapped Organic Liquids in Two-Fluid Phase Porous Medium Systems.

Degree: Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 2016, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:c22c0268-5bcd-451a-83de-c6609f0c6d27

► Groundwater is one of the nation’s most important natural resources, composing a large portion of total freshwater on earth. Therefore, groundwater contamination is a growing… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Gillings School of Global Public Health; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering

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APA (6^th Edition):

Tao, R. (2016). An Investigation of Flow Rate Motivated Mobilization of Entrapped Organic Liquids in Two-Fluid Phase Porous Medium Systems. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:c22c0268-5bcd-451a-83de-c6609f0c6d27

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tao, Ranxin. “An Investigation of Flow Rate Motivated Mobilization of Entrapped Organic Liquids in Two-Fluid Phase Porous Medium Systems.” 2016. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 27, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:c22c0268-5bcd-451a-83de-c6609f0c6d27.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tao, Ranxin. “An Investigation of Flow Rate Motivated Mobilization of Entrapped Organic Liquids in Two-Fluid Phase Porous Medium Systems.” 2016. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Tao R. An Investigation of Flow Rate Motivated Mobilization of Entrapped Organic Liquids in Two-Fluid Phase Porous Medium Systems. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:c22c0268-5bcd-451a-83de-c6609f0c6d27.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Tao R. An Investigation of Flow Rate Motivated Mobilization of Entrapped Organic Liquids in Two-Fluid Phase Porous Medium Systems. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2016. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:c22c0268-5bcd-451a-83de-c6609f0c6d27

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

9. Corrigan, Anne. The Association between Reduction in PM2.5 and Improvement in Cardiovascular Mortality Rates.

Degree: Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 2017, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:a997d451-33c7-47e1-bb8a-7084cab1137e

► We examined the association between county-level change in PM2.5 and change in cardiovascular mortality rate before and after implementation of the 1997 annual PM2.5 National… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Gillings School of Global Public Health; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Corrigan, A. (2017). The Association between Reduction in PM2.5 and Improvement in Cardiovascular Mortality Rates. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:a997d451-33c7-47e1-bb8a-7084cab1137e

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Corrigan, Anne. “The Association between Reduction in PM2.5 and Improvement in Cardiovascular Mortality Rates.” 2017. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 27, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:a997d451-33c7-47e1-bb8a-7084cab1137e.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Corrigan, Anne. “The Association between Reduction in PM2.5 and Improvement in Cardiovascular Mortality Rates.” 2017. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Corrigan A. The Association between Reduction in PM2.5 and Improvement in Cardiovascular Mortality Rates. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:a997d451-33c7-47e1-bb8a-7084cab1137e.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Corrigan A. The Association between Reduction in PM2.5 and Improvement in Cardiovascular Mortality Rates. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2017. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:a997d451-33c7-47e1-bb8a-7084cab1137e

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

10. Nawaz, Muhammad. BENEFITS OF REDUCED PREMATURE MORTALITY FROM DECREASES IN PM2.5 AND OZONE IN THE UNITED STATES FROM 1999 TO 2015.

Degree: Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 2018, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:a0f99d61-4ee9-4a0c-b89a-d53d06c7e921

► Concentrations of PM2.5 and O3 have reduced dramatically in the United States (US) over recent decades from improved regulations and reduced emissions. Here annual mortality… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Gillings School of Global Public Health; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering

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APA (6^th Edition):

Nawaz, M. (2018). BENEFITS OF REDUCED PREMATURE MORTALITY FROM DECREASES IN PM2.5 AND OZONE IN THE UNITED STATES FROM 1999 TO 2015. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:a0f99d61-4ee9-4a0c-b89a-d53d06c7e921

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Nawaz, Muhammad. “BENEFITS OF REDUCED PREMATURE MORTALITY FROM DECREASES IN PM2.5 AND OZONE IN THE UNITED STATES FROM 1999 TO 2015.” 2018. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 27, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:a0f99d61-4ee9-4a0c-b89a-d53d06c7e921.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Nawaz, Muhammad. “BENEFITS OF REDUCED PREMATURE MORTALITY FROM DECREASES IN PM2.5 AND OZONE IN THE UNITED STATES FROM 1999 TO 2015.” 2018. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Nawaz M. BENEFITS OF REDUCED PREMATURE MORTALITY FROM DECREASES IN PM2.5 AND OZONE IN THE UNITED STATES FROM 1999 TO 2015. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:a0f99d61-4ee9-4a0c-b89a-d53d06c7e921.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Nawaz M. BENEFITS OF REDUCED PREMATURE MORTALITY FROM DECREASES IN PM2.5 AND OZONE IN THE UNITED STATES FROM 1999 TO 2015. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2018. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:a0f99d61-4ee9-4a0c-b89a-d53d06c7e921

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

11. Akita, Yasuyuki. Spatial statistics and regression analysis of environmental exposure and disease: from air pollution and microbial groundwater contamination assessment to diarrhea disease mapping.

Degree: Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 2010, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:b5c50689-63be-49da-88db-f3652b039ab2

► Recent technological advances in temporal geographic information systems (TGIS) include the Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) method, which accounts for the composite space/time variability and the… (more)

▼ Recent technological advances in temporal geographic information systems (TGIS) include the Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) method, which accounts for the composite space/time variability and the wide variety of soft data characterizing many environmental and health processes. However, there are still several unaddressed implementation issues in the application of BME in environmental and health studies. In this work, the BME approach is applied to an air and a water environmental exposure assessment study where several unaddressed implementation issues are addressed. First, a moving-window implementation of the BME method was numerically implemented and applied to the assessment of long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 across the contiguous U.S. Results for this work indicate that the moving-window BME method provides an efficient framework to account for the non-stationarity of the air pollutant variability and for the incompleteness of daily PM2.5 measurements, which leads to estimates that are about 10 to 20% more accurate than those of classical approaches. In a second study a two-stage estimation framework is implemented to estimate the concentration of E. coli across the tubewells in Bara Haldia, Bangladesh. The first stage of this framework consists in a latrine hydrological regression model, while the second BME stage of this estimation framework rigorously accounts for the uncertainty associated with the Most Probable Number (MPN) estimation of the density of microorganisms using data from multiple dilution series. The findings of this work indicate that latrines are a potential source of contamination of tubewells and thus have a significant impact on the spatial distribution of E. coli across tubewells. Both applications show that the estimation framework based on the BME method successfully reduces estimation error compared with conventional geostatistical methods and provide highly informative maps. Advisors/Committee Members: Akita, Yasuyuki, Serre, Marc, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Subjects/Keywords: Gillings School of Global Public Health; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Akita, Y. (2010). Spatial statistics and regression analysis of environmental exposure and disease: from air pollution and microbial groundwater contamination assessment to diarrhea disease mapping. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:b5c50689-63be-49da-88db-f3652b039ab2

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Akita, Yasuyuki. “Spatial statistics and regression analysis of environmental exposure and disease: from air pollution and microbial groundwater contamination assessment to diarrhea disease mapping.” 2010. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 27, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:b5c50689-63be-49da-88db-f3652b039ab2.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Akita, Yasuyuki. “Spatial statistics and regression analysis of environmental exposure and disease: from air pollution and microbial groundwater contamination assessment to diarrhea disease mapping.” 2010. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Akita Y. Spatial statistics and regression analysis of environmental exposure and disease: from air pollution and microbial groundwater contamination assessment to diarrhea disease mapping. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2010. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:b5c50689-63be-49da-88db-f3652b039ab2.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Akita Y. Spatial statistics and regression analysis of environmental exposure and disease: from air pollution and microbial groundwater contamination assessment to diarrhea disease mapping. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2010. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:b5c50689-63be-49da-88db-f3652b039ab2

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

12. Murchison, Molly. SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL SITES AND NORTH CAROLINA GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION.

Degree: Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 2014, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:0628c38a-2c7b-4ca4-b385-d5f00846bef5

► This study investigates groundwater contamination at multiple levels of spatial resolution, and quantifies relationships between water quality and potential sources of contamination. The study's source… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Environmental sciences; Geographic information systems; Geodesy; Gillings School of Global Public Health; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Murchison, M. (2014). SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL SITES AND NORTH CAROLINA GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:0628c38a-2c7b-4ca4-b385-d5f00846bef5

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Murchison, Molly. “SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL SITES AND NORTH CAROLINA GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION.” 2014. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 27, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:0628c38a-2c7b-4ca4-b385-d5f00846bef5.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Murchison, Molly. “SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL SITES AND NORTH CAROLINA GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION.” 2014. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Murchison M. SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL SITES AND NORTH CAROLINA GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:0628c38a-2c7b-4ca4-b385-d5f00846bef5.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Murchison M. SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL SITES AND NORTH CAROLINA GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2014. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:0628c38a-2c7b-4ca4-b385-d5f00846bef5

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

13. Wallace, John. Characterization of Arboviral Disease in North Carolina.

Degree: Epidemiology, 2015, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:7ca5f3aa-9726-4b74-b80d-84b6a60c898d

► La Crosse encephalitis (LACE) is the most commonly reported mosquito-borne illness in North Carolina, and the annual incidence of LACE in NC is among the… (more)

▼ La Crosse encephalitis (LACE) is the most commonly reported mosquito-borne illness in North Carolina, and the annual incidence of LACE in NC is among the highest in the nation – North Carolina accounts for 25% of all LACE cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from 2008-2012. Within North Carolina, LACE is reported from western NC, with 7 mountain counties in the southwestern portion of the state accounting for over 90% of all cases in NC since 2000. LACE is commonly found in rural, wooded areas, where peridomestic environments are conducive to mosquito exposure, but few epidemiologic studies have quantified the association between peridomestic habitat and LACE. Using a cohort of 501 patients tested for arboviral disease at MHS, the risk of LACE was compared based on demographic and peridomestic risk factors including age, gender, rural residence, peridomestic land cover, type of home, and number of objects around the home. Of the 69 cases, the majority were white, non-Hispanic, and under the age of 16 with clinically measured fever, headache, vomiting, and altered mental status. Upon adjustment for age, the risk of LACE among those living in forested rural areas was 2.55 times the risk among those living in non-forested or urban areas (95% confidence interval: 1.59, 4.09). Confirmed and probable cases of LACE in NC, identified from historical reportable disease surveillance data from 2000-2012, were aggregated at the county and census tract-level to determine the extent and location of spatial clusters of LACE cases. Spatial scan statistics generated from unadjusted and covariate-adjusted models detected 4 clusters of high LACE incidence throughout western NC. The clusters identified in this study occur at the sub-county level, and may not have been identified using traditional county-level analyses. The results of this research identify peridomestic risk factors for LACE at the individual level and identify locations of high LACE incidence throughout western NC. These investigations contribute to the general knowledge of LACE and allow for targeted public health interventions to reduce the future occurrence of LACE in western NC. Advisors/Committee Members: Wallace, John, Meshnick, Steven R., Emch, Michael, Horney, Jennifer, Serre, Marc, Weber, David, Williams, Carl.

Subjects/Keywords: Epidemiology; Gillings School of Global Public Health; Department of Epidemiology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Wallace, J. (2015). Characterization of Arboviral Disease in North Carolina. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:7ca5f3aa-9726-4b74-b80d-84b6a60c898d

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wallace, John. “Characterization of Arboviral Disease in North Carolina.” 2015. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 27, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:7ca5f3aa-9726-4b74-b80d-84b6a60c898d.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wallace, John. “Characterization of Arboviral Disease in North Carolina.” 2015. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Wallace J. Characterization of Arboviral Disease in North Carolina. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:7ca5f3aa-9726-4b74-b80d-84b6a60c898d.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wallace J. Characterization of Arboviral Disease in North Carolina. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2015. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:7ca5f3aa-9726-4b74-b80d-84b6a60c898d

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

14. Silva, Raquel. Climate Change, Air Quality and Human Health: Quantifying the Global Mortality Impacts of Present and Future Ozone and PM2.5 Ambient Air Pollution.

Degree: Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 2015, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:24ca5d3c-4aa8-423d-8f1b-d39b4b4e7322

► Exposure to ambient air pollution is detrimental to human health. This research uses modeled concentrations of anthropogenic ozone and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) to quantify… (more)

▼ Exposure to ambient air pollution is detrimental to human health. This research uses modeled concentrations of anthropogenic ozone and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) to quantify global premature mortality, considering chronic cardiopulmonary diseases and lung cancer in adults. For the first time in global studies, the contribution of past and future climate change to air pollution-related mortality is isolated using output from an ensemble of 14 chemistry climate models, and the present-day impact of five emission sectors (Energy, Industry, Residential & Commercial, Land Transportation, and Shipping & Aviation) is estimated. Present-day global average multi-model mortality is estimated to be 470,000 (95% CI, 140,000 to 900,000) ozone-related premature deaths/year and 2.1 (1.3 to 3.0) million PM2.5 deaths/year. Over two-thirds of ozone and of PM2.5 global mortality occur in East Asia and India. Using multi-model future concentrations for four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios, and projected future population and baseline mortality, global PM2.5 mortality is estimated to decrease relative to 2000 concentrations, particularly in 2100: -1.93 million (RCP2.6), -2.39 million (RCP4.5), -1.76 million (RCP6.0) and -1.31 (-2.04 to -0.17) million (RCP8.5) deaths/year. Ozone mortality increases in some scenarios/periods, particularly in RCP8.5 in 2100 (316,000 [-187,000 to 1.38 million] deaths/year), but decreases in others. While past climate change is estimated to have little effect on present-day air pollution mortality, RCP8.5 climate change in 2100 is likely to be strongly detrimental: 215,000 (-76,100 to 595,000) PM2.5 deaths/year and 127,000 (-193,000 to 1.07 million) ozone deaths/year. Using new simulations with a global chemical transport model at fine horizontal resolution (0.67°x0.5°), present-day global mortality is estimated to be 493,000 (122,000-989,000) ozone deaths/year and 2.2 (1.0 - 3.3) million PM2.5 deaths /year. Globally, the Land Transportation and Residential & Commercial sectors most impact ozone mortality (16%) and PM2.5 mortality (30%), respectively. However, relative sectoral impacts vary among world regions and within each region. Air pollution is likely the most important environmental exposure for global human health at present. Air quality regulations and climate change mitigation will reduce global air pollution-related mortality, but different policies targeting different emission sectors may be appropriate in particular locations. Advisors/Committee Members: Silva, Raquel, West, J. Jason, MacDonald Gibson, Jacqueline, Hubbell, Bryan J., Serre, Marc, Yeatts, Karin.

Subjects/Keywords: Environmental sciences; Environmental engineering; Public health; Gillings School of Global Public Health; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Silva, R. (2015). Climate Change, Air Quality and Human Health: Quantifying the Global Mortality Impacts of Present and Future Ozone and PM2.5 Ambient Air Pollution. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:24ca5d3c-4aa8-423d-8f1b-d39b4b4e7322

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Silva, Raquel. “Climate Change, Air Quality and Human Health: Quantifying the Global Mortality Impacts of Present and Future Ozone and PM2.5 Ambient Air Pollution.” 2015. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 27, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:24ca5d3c-4aa8-423d-8f1b-d39b4b4e7322.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Silva, Raquel. “Climate Change, Air Quality and Human Health: Quantifying the Global Mortality Impacts of Present and Future Ozone and PM2.5 Ambient Air Pollution.” 2015. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Silva R. Climate Change, Air Quality and Human Health: Quantifying the Global Mortality Impacts of Present and Future Ozone and PM2.5 Ambient Air Pollution. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:24ca5d3c-4aa8-423d-8f1b-d39b4b4e7322.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Silva R. Climate Change, Air Quality and Human Health: Quantifying the Global Mortality Impacts of Present and Future Ozone and PM2.5 Ambient Air Pollution. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2015. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:24ca5d3c-4aa8-423d-8f1b-d39b4b4e7322

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

15. Reyes, Jeanette. Geostatistical Data Fusion Estimation Methods of Ambient PM2.5 and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons.

Degree: Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 2016, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:38a4ddd0-51a6-4ae8-8a95-dfc17cb3fbb0

► Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) is a complex air pollutant associated with a host of adverse health effects. In epidemiologic studies there is a need to… (more)

▼ Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) is a complex air pollutant associated with a host of adverse health effects. In epidemiologic studies there is a need to accurately predict exposures to reduce misclassification. Recently there has been a surge in data fusion methods which combine observed data with gridded modeled data like the regulatory Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Substantial resources are allocated to the evaluation of CMAQ. However, this model has inherent error and uncertainty. Currently, CMAQ can only be operationally evaluated at locations where observed data exist, leaving potentially large spatial and temporal gaps in a given modeling domain. This study develops a framework for evaluating gridded air quality modeled data that can then be corrected for systematic error and combined with observed data in a geostatistical framework. First, this dissertation develops the novel Regionalized Air quality Model Performance (RAMP) method that performs a non-homogenous, non-linear, non-homoscedastic model evaluation at each CMAQ grid for a well-documented 2001 regulatory episode across the continental United States. The RAMP method comparatively outperforms other model evaluation methods with a 22.1% reduction in Mean Square Error (MSE). Secondly, the RAMP corrected CMAQ modeled data are combined with observed data in the modern Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) geostatistical framework which combines the accuracy of observed data with the spatial and temporal coverage of gridded modeled data. RAMP BME resulted in a 6-7 times increase in spatial refinement compared to using kriging alone. Lastly, the data rich PM2.5 environment is contrasted with the data poor environment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). The Mass Fraction (MF) BME method is developed through a relatively small number of paired PM2.5 and PAH values and is applied to PM2.5 observed locations where PAH have not been observed to create the first detailed spatial maps of PAH across North Carolina in 2005. The MF BME method reduces MSE by over 39% compared with using kriging alone. Accurate assessment of ambient air pollutants is essential in public health to explore and elucidate true underlying relationships between pollutants and health endpoints. Advisors/Committee Members: Reyes, Jeanette, Serre, Marc, Vizuete, William, Herring, Amy, Pleil, Joachim, Flynn, Michael.

Subjects/Keywords: Gillings School of Global Public Health; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Reyes, J. (2016). Geostatistical Data Fusion Estimation Methods of Ambient PM2.5 and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:38a4ddd0-51a6-4ae8-8a95-dfc17cb3fbb0

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Reyes, Jeanette. “Geostatistical Data Fusion Estimation Methods of Ambient PM2.5 and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons.” 2016. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 27, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:38a4ddd0-51a6-4ae8-8a95-dfc17cb3fbb0.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Reyes, Jeanette. “Geostatistical Data Fusion Estimation Methods of Ambient PM2.5 and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons.” 2016. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Reyes J. Geostatistical Data Fusion Estimation Methods of Ambient PM2.5 and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:38a4ddd0-51a6-4ae8-8a95-dfc17cb3fbb0.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Reyes J. Geostatistical Data Fusion Estimation Methods of Ambient PM2.5 and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2016. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:38a4ddd0-51a6-4ae8-8a95-dfc17cb3fbb0

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

16. Cromwell, Elizabeth. Aedes aegypti Density and Risk of Dengue Virus Seroconversion.

Degree: Epidemiology, 2016, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:9ad83595-28c8-4347-8351-131f4b538f05

► Routine entomological monitoring data are used as a surrogate for overall risk of dengue virus (DENV) infection and to trigger implementation of control interventions. Indicators… (more)

▼ Routine entomological monitoring data are used as a surrogate for overall risk of dengue virus (DENV) infection and to trigger implementation of control interventions. Indicators that characterize Aedes aegypti abundance have not consistently been associated with an increased risk of dengue virus (DENV) seroconversion. Using longitudinal entomological and serological data from Iquitos, Peru, this dissertation estimated the risk of DENV infection for several entomological indicators to determine if any measure of Ae. aegypti abundance was associated with transmission. Entomological survey data from two longitudinal cohort studies linked with 8,153 paired serological observations were analyzed. Indicators of Ae. aegypti density were calculated from entomological. The risk ratios (RR) estimating the association between Ae. aegypti abundance at the household and block levels and the six-month risk of DENV seroconversion were obtained. Cross-sectional Ae. aegypti densities were not associated with an increased risk of DENV seroconversion. Longitudinal measures of adult stage density resulted in adjusted RRs ranging from 1.01 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.02) to 1.30 (95% CI: 1.17, 1.46) and categorical immature indices (RRs ranging from 1.21 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.37) to 1.75 (95% CI: 1.23, 2.5)). A total of 90,046 entomological monitoring observations were used to model the space/time covariance of ln(adult Ae. aegypti per m2). Mosquito density modeled using the Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) geostatistical framework was associated with an increased risk of DENV infection among densities ranging from 0.005 to 0.01 mosquitoes per m2 (adjusted risk ratio: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.28). A multi-level logistic model was used to test for heterogeneity of the association between DENV risk and longitudinal measures of Ae. aegypti density. The multi-level model results suggest that the population-level risk ratios are more appropriate estimates of the Ae. aegypti-DENV seroconversion association. Ae. aegypti densities calculated from repeat entomological monitoring were associated with DENV seroconversion, whereas estimates of Ae. aegypti abundance measured cross-sectionally were not. It is possible that Ae. aegypti populations exhibit too much variability across space and time for periodic, cross-sectional measurement to adequately characterize entomological risk, in addition to having no correlation with true infection events due to human movement in space and time. Advisors/Committee Members: Cromwell, Elizabeth, Meshnick, Steven R., Van Rie, Annelies, Messer, William, Aiello, Allison, Serre, Marc.

Subjects/Keywords: Gillings School of Global Public Health; Department of Epidemiology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Cromwell, E. (2016). Aedes aegypti Density and Risk of Dengue Virus Seroconversion. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:9ad83595-28c8-4347-8351-131f4b538f05

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cromwell, Elizabeth. “Aedes aegypti Density and Risk of Dengue Virus Seroconversion.” 2016. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 27, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:9ad83595-28c8-4347-8351-131f4b538f05.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cromwell, Elizabeth. “Aedes aegypti Density and Risk of Dengue Virus Seroconversion.” 2016. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Cromwell E. Aedes aegypti Density and Risk of Dengue Virus Seroconversion. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:9ad83595-28c8-4347-8351-131f4b538f05.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Cromwell E. Aedes aegypti Density and Risk of Dengue Virus Seroconversion. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2016. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:9ad83595-28c8-4347-8351-131f4b538f05

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

17. Xu, Yadong. Bayesian Maximum Entropy Integration of Ozone Observations and Air Quality Model Predictions for Improved Exposure Estimates.

Degree: Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 2016, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:1ab0e9d6-fa58-4265-98a4-21e5bd4da59f

► To support the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) Memory Study (WHIMS), a nationwide cohort study, accurate ozone exposure estimates for ambient concentrations needed to be generated… (more)

▼ To support the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) Memory Study (WHIMS), a nationwide cohort study, accurate ozone exposure estimates for ambient concentrations needed to be generated at a national scale for years 1993-2010. For this large spatial and temporal coverage we investigated different geo-statistical approaches to generate estimates that integrate routine monitoring from surface ozone observations and episodic chemical transport model (CTM) outputs. The goal is to take advantage of the accuracy of the observational data and the continuous spatial/temporal coverage of CTM model outputs. In this work, we demonstrate a Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) data integration geo-statistical approach for making national scale ozone estimates that models the non-linear and non-homoscedastic relation between air pollution observations and CTM predictions. This is the first application of BME that fully accounts for variability in CTM model performance through our novel Regionalized Air Quality Model Performance (RAMP) approach. A validation analysis was completed using only non-collocated data outside of a validation radius r_v and the error statistics between observations and re-estimated values were obtained. We show that by accounting for the spatial and temporal variability in model performance there is 3-12 fold increase in R2 (the squared Pearson correlation coefficient) percentage change for the daily ozone concentrations compared to estimates that assume model performance does not change across space and time. Our second project is to investigate the differences of the predictive capacity for two upscaling methods: USM1 (data aggregation from hourly to daily followed by BME approach estimation) and USM2 (perform BME approach estimation on hourly ozone followed by data aggregation). We found that the less computationally intensive method USM1 outperforms the method USM2. This highlights the capability of the RAMP approach that was able to capture the spatial temporal variability in CTM model performance at time scale of interest. Thus, we recommend to use upscaling method USM1 to integrate CTM model predictions through RAMP approach because USM1 can achieve higher estimation accuracy and also associated with much lower computational cost. Advisors/Committee Members: Xu, Yadong, Vizuete, William, Serre, Marc, Arunachalam, Saravanan, West, J. Jason, Yeatts, Karin.

Subjects/Keywords: Gillings School of Global Public Health; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Xu, Y. (2016). Bayesian Maximum Entropy Integration of Ozone Observations and Air Quality Model Predictions for Improved Exposure Estimates. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:1ab0e9d6-fa58-4265-98a4-21e5bd4da59f

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Xu, Yadong. “Bayesian Maximum Entropy Integration of Ozone Observations and Air Quality Model Predictions for Improved Exposure Estimates.” 2016. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 27, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:1ab0e9d6-fa58-4265-98a4-21e5bd4da59f.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Xu, Yadong. “Bayesian Maximum Entropy Integration of Ozone Observations and Air Quality Model Predictions for Improved Exposure Estimates.” 2016. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Xu Y. Bayesian Maximum Entropy Integration of Ozone Observations and Air Quality Model Predictions for Improved Exposure Estimates. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:1ab0e9d6-fa58-4265-98a4-21e5bd4da59f.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Xu Y. Bayesian Maximum Entropy Integration of Ozone Observations and Air Quality Model Predictions for Improved Exposure Estimates. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2016. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:1ab0e9d6-fa58-4265-98a4-21e5bd4da59f

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

18. Jat, Prahlad. Geostatistical Estimation of Water Quality using River and Flow Covariance Models.

Degree: Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 2017, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:4268487a-5188-4782-b861-046a52159d85

► Assessing water quality along rivers is vital for watershed management and to protect the public health. Monitoring water quality at every river mile is logistically… (more)

▼ Assessing water quality along rivers is vital for watershed management and to protect the public health. Monitoring water quality at every river mile is logistically impractical and prohibitively expensive. Geostatistical estimation offers a cost effective alternative that can be rapidly implemented to statistically model spatially dependent water quality parameters using the available monitoring data. Geostatistical modeling requires a covariance model to describe the variability and autocorrelation of the water quality along rivers. Three main classes of covariance models, namely the Euclidean, river, and flow-weighted covariance models, are commonly used in geostatistical water quality estimation. In the first study we use a river covariance model to successfully characterize the space/time variability of chloride, an emerging contaminant, along rivers in Maryland. This method leads to a 24% reduction in mean square estimation error compared to the Euclidean method. In the next two studies we use the flow-weighted covariance for the estimation of fecal coliform (FC), and Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC), respectively. Surprisingly, very few geostatistical water quality studies have successfully implemented the flow-weighted covariance model and improved estimation accuracy. To address this critical gap, we introduce the first implementation of a flow weighted covariance model that uses gradual flow, and we then use this model in a novel hybrid Euclidean/Gradual-flow covariance model to estimate FC in the Haw and Deep rivers in North Carolina, and DOC in three sub-basins in Maryland. Our novel hybrid Euclidean/Gradual-flow covariance model captures variability coming from both terrestrial sources and hydrological transport, and it leads to a 12% and 15% reduction in mean square error for FC and DOC, respectively, compared to the traditional Euclidean covariance. This novel hybrid covariance model is widely applicable to any other study area and to other water quality parameters. Advisors/Committee Members: Jat, Prahlad, Serre, Marc, Characklis, Gregory, Gibson, Jacqueline, Vizuete, William, Band, Lawrence.

Subjects/Keywords: Gillings School of Global Public Health; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Jat, P. (2017). Geostatistical Estimation of Water Quality using River and Flow Covariance Models. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:4268487a-5188-4782-b861-046a52159d85

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jat, Prahlad. “Geostatistical Estimation of Water Quality using River and Flow Covariance Models.” 2017. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 27, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:4268487a-5188-4782-b861-046a52159d85.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jat, Prahlad. “Geostatistical Estimation of Water Quality using River and Flow Covariance Models.” 2017. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Jat P. Geostatistical Estimation of Water Quality using River and Flow Covariance Models. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:4268487a-5188-4782-b861-046a52159d85.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Jat P. Geostatistical Estimation of Water Quality using River and Flow Covariance Models. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2017. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:4268487a-5188-4782-b861-046a52159d85

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

19. Zeff, Harrison. Risks, Challenges, Tradeoffs, and Opportunities in Dynamic, Adaptive Water Supply Systems.

Degree: Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 2016, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:d09f23e3-3cf8-4d4f-9760-8e87ee7528eb

► The rising costs and regulatory burdens associated with new water supply infrastructure are making it increasingly difficult to meet growing water demands through the development… (more)

▼ The rising costs and regulatory burdens associated with new water supply infrastructure are making it increasingly difficult to meet growing water demands through the development of new supply capacity. Instead, adaptive techniques such as temporary conservation and water transfers are playing a larger role in the water supply planning. While adaptive techniques have many advantages over infrastructure-centric approaches, they also present municipal water utilities with a number of challenges. This dissertation aims to formulate problems that illustrate the tradeoffs between multiple management objectives and help utilities meet performance criteria through the use of novel tools and methods. While this work focuses mostly on a group of interconnected water utilities in the ‘Research Triangle’ North Carolina, the results are generalizable to water supply problems across many regional scenarios. Adaptive techniques like conservation and the purchase of water transfers introduce substantial and unpredictable reductions in revenue (conservation) and cost increases (transfers). Municipal water provision is extremely capital-intensive with large, fixed costs driven by debt service payments. Increased levels of financial risk may affect the ability of a utility to meet debt service payments, reducing their credit rating and increasing the cost of future borrowing. Chapter 2 explores the role of financial mitigation tools in drought management strategies employing both conservation and water transfer purchases. Using multiple problem formulations, we show how the tradeoffs between financial risk and several other management objectives are affected by self-insurance contingency funds and a novel type of third-party index insurance. Pricing incentives (i.e. drought surcharges) can also serve as a financial mitigation tool while simultaneously promoting more efficient conservation. Chapter 3 examines how the additional revenue raised through surcharges may reduce utility incentives to purchase water transfers, potentially harming overall consumer welfare. In Chapter 4, the short-term management strategies developed in Chapters 2 and 3 are integrated into a long-term infrastructure sequencing model. Important interactions between management and planning decisions are incorporated using an adaptive, risk-based framework. This dissertation demonstrates how the added complexity involved with developing adaptive decision-making tools will be crucial to water resource problems in the 21st century. Advisors/Committee Members: Zeff, Harrison, Characklis, Gregory, Reed, Patrick, Thurman, Wally, Arapoglou, Alex, MacDonald Gibson, Jacqueline, Serre, Marc.

Subjects/Keywords: Gillings School of Global Public Health; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Zeff, H. (2016). Risks, Challenges, Tradeoffs, and Opportunities in Dynamic, Adaptive Water Supply Systems. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:d09f23e3-3cf8-4d4f-9760-8e87ee7528eb

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zeff, Harrison. “Risks, Challenges, Tradeoffs, and Opportunities in Dynamic, Adaptive Water Supply Systems.” 2016. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 27, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:d09f23e3-3cf8-4d4f-9760-8e87ee7528eb.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zeff, Harrison. “Risks, Challenges, Tradeoffs, and Opportunities in Dynamic, Adaptive Water Supply Systems.” 2016. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Zeff H. Risks, Challenges, Tradeoffs, and Opportunities in Dynamic, Adaptive Water Supply Systems. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:d09f23e3-3cf8-4d4f-9760-8e87ee7528eb.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Zeff H. Risks, Challenges, Tradeoffs, and Opportunities in Dynamic, Adaptive Water Supply Systems. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2016. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:d09f23e3-3cf8-4d4f-9760-8e87ee7528eb

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

20. Vennam, Lakshmi Pradeepa. Assessment of Aircraft Emissions Impacts on Air Quality at Multiple Model Scales.

Degree: Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 2016, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:f9a1186e-46c6-4658-abe8-ff6c3e702556

► Aviation activity has grown steadily, and will likely continue to grow in the future. Aviation-related air pollutants occurring during full-flight (landing and takeoff, as well… (more)

▼ Aviation activity has grown steadily, and will likely continue to grow in the future. Aviation-related air pollutants occurring during full-flight (landing and takeoff, as well as cruise) can impact air quality, human health and climate. The overall goal of this dissertation is to study the air quality impacts of aviation at local, regional and global scales. The central hypothesis of this study is that fine scale modeling provides better characterization of aviation emissions impacts on air quality and health. To test this hypothesis, a model-based assessment of aviation emissions impacts was conducted at multiple scales ranging from local (4 × 4 km2) to hemispheric (108 × 108 km2) scales. Firstly, we focused on key risk-prioritized Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) and assessed their impacts near a mid-sized U.S. airport using a chemistry-transport model at a fine scale (4 × 4 km2). Overall modeled aircraft-attributable HAPs contributions are in the range of 0.5 – 28% near this airport. Second, we concentrated on the full-flight emissions impacts on air quality near surface for O3 and PM2.5 at a resolution of 108 × 108 km2, spanning the Northern hemisphere (NH). Including full-flight aviation emissions at the hemispheric scale contributed 1.3% and 0.2% for O3 and PM2.5 at the surface on an annual domain-wide basis. Our comparison of these predictions with 36 × 36 km2 application over North America highlighted that the coarse scale resolution was unable to capture non-linearities in chemical processes near airport locations and other major urban areas. Lastly, we conducted a tracer study to understand the role of dynamic processes on cruise altitude aviation emissions (CAAE) impacts at the surface using a hemispheric scale application. Model predictions indicated that < 0.6% of CAAE tracer in the total atmospheric column was transported to the surface and ~40% was transported to mid-troposphere during all four seasons. This intercontinental tracer-tagging approach provided quantitative evidence that North America and Europe CAAE tracers can impact the surface (~0.5 – 1% of total column burden) near high terrain regions like Tibet Plateau and relatively lower aviation emissions regions such as Middle East, North Africa and South East Asia. Advisors/Committee Members: Vennam, Lakshmi Pradeepa, Vizuete, William, Arunachalam, Saravanan, Mathur, Rohit, West, J. Jason, Serre, Marc.

Subjects/Keywords: Gillings School of Global Public Health; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Vennam, L. P. (2016). Assessment of Aircraft Emissions Impacts on Air Quality at Multiple Model Scales. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:f9a1186e-46c6-4658-abe8-ff6c3e702556

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Vennam, Lakshmi Pradeepa. “Assessment of Aircraft Emissions Impacts on Air Quality at Multiple Model Scales.” 2016. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 27, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:f9a1186e-46c6-4658-abe8-ff6c3e702556.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Vennam, Lakshmi Pradeepa. “Assessment of Aircraft Emissions Impacts on Air Quality at Multiple Model Scales.” 2016. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Vennam LP. Assessment of Aircraft Emissions Impacts on Air Quality at Multiple Model Scales. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:f9a1186e-46c6-4658-abe8-ff6c3e702556.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Vennam LP. Assessment of Aircraft Emissions Impacts on Air Quality at Multiple Model Scales. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2016. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:f9a1186e-46c6-4658-abe8-ff6c3e702556

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

21. Li, Ya-Ru. Assessing Exposure to and Risks of Fine Particulate Air Pollution from Multiple Sources.

Degree: Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 2014, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:0b437223-798e-4894-87d5-7ea5311572a9

► While fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) has long been associated with adverse health effects, relatively little is known about the differential risks posed by PM_2.5 from… (more)

▼ While fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) has long been associated with adverse health effects, relatively little is known about the differential risks posed by PM_2.5 from different sources. Current U.S. regulatory approaches treat all PM_2.5 as equally risky, regardless of its source. Methods identifying the most harmful particle sources are needed to improve PM_2.5 control strategies and enhance protection of public health. This work develops and demonstrates a method for assessing exposure to and risks of PM_2.5 from different sources in the southeastern United States and then applies this method to evaluate the benefits of a case-study state policy. This research demonstrates a new exposure assessment approach for characterizing population exposure to PM_2.5 from different sources. Although emissions from power plants, biomass burning, and motor vehicles remain the leading PM_2.5 sources, ambient levels of PM_2.5 attributable to these sources, especially power plant emissions, have considerably declined over the past decade in areas where emission source densities are high. The results further suggest that routinely collected data on multiple air pollutants can offer valuable insights into sources of PM_2.5. Using source-specific PM_2.5 exposure estimates, this research introduces a new risk assessment method for quantifying health impacts attributable to different PM_2.5 pollution sources. The results show that in the southeastern United States, the risk of premature death attributable to the leading air pollution sources declined between 2002 and 2012, preventing thousands of premature deaths. Finally, this work employs the new risk assessment method to evaluate the benefits of the North Carolina (NC) Clean Smokestacks Act. The combination of state and federal policies to reduce emissions from coal-fired power plants has resulted in significant improvements in air quality and health in NC, and the Clean Smokestacks Act benefited air quality and health beyond the benefits of federal legislation alone. While current regulatory approaches overlook the potential of source effects, this research demonstrates an integrated method to improve PM_2.5 control strategies. Future research should evaluate the potential for the development of techniques to combine the best qualities of existing data and methods and continued toxicological and epidemiologic evaluation to support source-based PM_2.5 risk assessment. Advisors/Committee Members: Li, Ya-Ru, MacDonald Gibson, Jacqueline, Ross, Bill, Serre, Marc, West, J. Jason, Yeatts, Karin.

Subjects/Keywords: Environmental health; Environmental sciences; Public health; Gillings School of Global Public Health; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Li, Y. (2014). Assessing Exposure to and Risks of Fine Particulate Air Pollution from Multiple Sources. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:0b437223-798e-4894-87d5-7ea5311572a9

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Li, Ya-Ru. “Assessing Exposure to and Risks of Fine Particulate Air Pollution from Multiple Sources.” 2014. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 27, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:0b437223-798e-4894-87d5-7ea5311572a9.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Li, Ya-Ru. “Assessing Exposure to and Risks of Fine Particulate Air Pollution from Multiple Sources.” 2014. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Li Y. Assessing Exposure to and Risks of Fine Particulate Air Pollution from Multiple Sources. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:0b437223-798e-4894-87d5-7ea5311572a9.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Li Y. Assessing Exposure to and Risks of Fine Particulate Air Pollution from Multiple Sources. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2014. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:0b437223-798e-4894-87d5-7ea5311572a9

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

22. Allshouse, William. MODERN SPACE/TIME GEOSTATISTICAL APPROACHES TO MAPPING POINT SOURCES OF POLLUTION AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE.

Degree: Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 2014, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:39b875c5-2e49-47bf-85f7-b91f26e1be1a

► Point sources are defined in the context of environmental science as single identifiable locations that emit pollution into the environment. From a modeling perspective, they… (more)

▼ Point sources are defined in the context of environmental science as single identifiable locations that emit pollution into the environment. From a modeling perspective, they are "ground zero" - where a contaminant originates or is at a distance of 0 from the source - and they are desirable from the standpoint of mitigation strategies because the pollutant being produced must only be brought under control at the location of release. A set of studies were conducted to investigate whether modern geostatistical techniques, such as Bayesian Maximum Entropy which has the ability to incorporate non-Gaussian space/time data, can improve the estimates of a variable produced by point sources over that of the traditional kriging method. In Study 1, a single point source at the most famous Ground Zero is the focus in order to estimate atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) produced during the collapse and cleanup of the World Trade Center in New York City by modeling the mass fraction of PAH contained in PM2.5. This PAH to PM2.5 model is then applied to existing PM2.5 monitors in the area to expand the number of estimated PAH measurements. Study 2 examines a situation where many point sources across space contribute to pollution in modeling hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentrations produced by industrial hog operations in an eastern North Carolina county with a high density of these facilities. Passive samplers that recorded H2S were used to create a land use regression model to estimate individual source contribution to the community and then to produce geostatistical estimates after applying a non-Gaussian measurement error model to the data. Finally, Study 3 researches an unorthodox "point source" by attempting to identify core areas - locations with elevated rates that perpetuate an infection - of syphilis and gonorrhea in North Carolina. To locate these "sources," which have the ability to move in space and time, a Bayesian-derived non-Gaussian model for the error is used to improve estimation of incidence rates on a fine space/time scale. These estimates are then utilized in an outbreak detection algorithm so that a source of infection can be controlled before it increases and/or moves. Advisors/Committee Members: Allshouse, William, Serre, Marc, Vizuete, William, Pleil, Joachim, Miller, Bill, Smith, Richard L..

Subjects/Keywords: Environmental sciences; Epidemiology; Geography; Gillings School of Global Public Health; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Allshouse, W. (2014). MODERN SPACE/TIME GEOSTATISTICAL APPROACHES TO MAPPING POINT SOURCES OF POLLUTION AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:39b875c5-2e49-47bf-85f7-b91f26e1be1a

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Allshouse, William. “MODERN SPACE/TIME GEOSTATISTICAL APPROACHES TO MAPPING POINT SOURCES OF POLLUTION AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE.” 2014. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 27, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:39b875c5-2e49-47bf-85f7-b91f26e1be1a.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Allshouse, William. “MODERN SPACE/TIME GEOSTATISTICAL APPROACHES TO MAPPING POINT SOURCES OF POLLUTION AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE.” 2014. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Allshouse W. MODERN SPACE/TIME GEOSTATISTICAL APPROACHES TO MAPPING POINT SOURCES OF POLLUTION AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:39b875c5-2e49-47bf-85f7-b91f26e1be1a.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Allshouse W. MODERN SPACE/TIME GEOSTATISTICAL APPROACHES TO MAPPING POINT SOURCES OF POLLUTION AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2014. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:39b875c5-2e49-47bf-85f7-b91f26e1be1a

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

23. DeFelice, Nicholas. Drinking Water Risks to Health 40 Years After Passage of the Safe Drinking Water Act: A County-by-County Analysis in North Carolina.

Degree: Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 2014, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:47cb090d-1060-4154-b3be-e1b8880db972

► The advent of community water services was one of the greatest public health advances of the twentieth century, yet disparities in the quality of water… (more)

▼ The advent of community water services was one of the greatest public health advances of the twentieth century, yet disparities in the quality of water may persist and may reflect similar disparities in health outcomes. These disparities have not yet been investigated in North Carolina, home to 2120 community water systems (CWSs) and tens of thousands of domestic water systems (DWSs). This study used novel quantitative methods to compare North Carolina's statewide health outcomes associated with drinking water quality at a county level to estimate the magnitude and spatial variability of cancer attributable to chemicals in CWSs along with acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) attributable to microbial contamination of drinking water. Using a stochastic risk model we examined the cancer risks attributable to chemical exposure though drinking water for all chemicals covered under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) in North Carolina. Of the 67 contaminants, three (total trihalomethanes, arsenic and alpha radiation) dominated the cancer risk, suggesting opportunities may exist to streamline SDWA enforcement by reducing the monitoring requirements for low-risk chemicals and focusing on high-risk chemicals. We also characterized the magnitude and spatial variability of AGI cases attributable to microbial contamination of CWSs. We compared three approaches (population intervention model, drinking water attributable risk, and quantitative microbial risk assessment) to estimate the percentage of emergency department visits for AGI attributable to microorganisms in North Carolina CWSs. Of the three models, the population intervention model had the highest internal validity and is therefore the most informative for decision making, since risks associated with exposure are specific to the local population. Finally, using the population intervention model we compared the burden of AGI attributable to CWSs with that attributable to DWSs. In total, an estimated 47,250 (95% CI 32,000 - 62,400) annual cases of AGI were attributable to microbial contamination in drinking water, constituting approximately 11.7% (95% CI 8.0-15.4) of all ED visits for AGI. We determined that each 10% shift in the percentage of the county population from DWSs to CWSs could reduce emergency department visits for AGI by 1.6%. Providing regulated water to current DWS users may provide substantial health benefits. Advisors/Committee Members: DeFelice, Nicholas, MacDonald Gibson, Jacqueline, Characklis, Gregory, Serre, Marc, Hughes, Jeffrey, Ross, William, Fleischauer, Aaron.

Subjects/Keywords: Water resources development – Management; Demography; Gillings School of Global Public Health; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

DeFelice, N. (2014). Drinking Water Risks to Health 40 Years After Passage of the Safe Drinking Water Act: A County-by-County Analysis in North Carolina. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:47cb090d-1060-4154-b3be-e1b8880db972

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

DeFelice, Nicholas. “Drinking Water Risks to Health 40 Years After Passage of the Safe Drinking Water Act: A County-by-County Analysis in North Carolina.” 2014. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 27, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:47cb090d-1060-4154-b3be-e1b8880db972.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

DeFelice, Nicholas. “Drinking Water Risks to Health 40 Years After Passage of the Safe Drinking Water Act: A County-by-County Analysis in North Carolina.” 2014. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

DeFelice N. Drinking Water Risks to Health 40 Years After Passage of the Safe Drinking Water Act: A County-by-County Analysis in North Carolina. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:47cb090d-1060-4154-b3be-e1b8880db972.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

DeFelice N. Drinking Water Risks to Health 40 Years After Passage of the Safe Drinking Water Act: A County-by-County Analysis in North Carolina. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2014. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:47cb090d-1060-4154-b3be-e1b8880db972

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

24. Cope, Anna. Assessment of HIV Transmission and Diagnosis Patterns in North Carolina.

Degree: Epidemiology, 2015, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:63ba2047-79d8-4fb0-8f26-edf07267625e

► Diagnosis, presentation to care, and initiation of antiretroviral therapy during the early stages of HIV have substantial individual and public health benefits. However, current estimates… (more)

▼ Diagnosis, presentation to care, and initiation of antiretroviral therapy during the early stages of HIV have substantial individual and public health benefits. However, current estimates of the HIV care continuum, or care cascade, indicate that most HIV-infected persons in the US are diagnosed late in the course of their disease and even more do not achieve viral suppression. The purpose of this dissertation was to characterize the cascade-related behaviors of persons participating in active transmission networks and examine the geographic barriers to early diagnosis. Using data collected as part of the North Carolina (NC) Screening and Tracing of Active Transmission Program, we assessed the HIV status and if HIV-infected, the diagnosis, care, treatment and viral suppression status of named partners of persons acutely-infected with HIV (index AHI case) between 2002 and 2013. More than one-third of all traceable partners were HIV-infected. Most observed transmission events appeared attributable to previously-diagnosed partners (77.4%, 95% confidence interval 69.4-85.3%), of whom only 23.2% (14.0-32.3%) were in care and on treatment near the index AHI case diagnosis. Among phylogenetically-linked cases and partners, 60.6% of partners were previously diagnosed (43.9-77.3%). Using HIV surveillance data from a 52-county region in central NC, we mapped new diagnosis rates by stage of disease (early, chronic, and AIDS) and testing period (2005-2007, 2008-2010, 2011-2013). Maps were standardized and the percent overlap of high rate diagnoses (top 10th, 25th and 50th percentile) by disease stage and testing period were assessed. We identified a definite, underlying core area of HIV as represented by disproportionately high overlap in the top 25th and 50th percentiles by disease stage and testing period. The identification of early infection varied geographically over time, suggesting changes in testing behaviors or the epidemic itself. Relatively high rates of AIDS diagnoses persisted over time in the southeastern part of the study area. Finally, we assessed the association of distance to a publicly-funded testing site with stage of disease at diagnosis. Traveling longer distances to the testing site of diagnosis, particularly when a closer testing site was available, increased the prevalence of post-early stage diagnoses (prevalence ratio=1.09, 1.03-1.16). Advisors/Committee Members: Cope, Anna, Miller, William, Powers, Kimberly, Leone, Peter, Serre, Marc, Emch, Michael.

Subjects/Keywords: Epidemiology; Gillings School of Global Public Health; Department of Epidemiology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Cope, A. (2015). Assessment of HIV Transmission and Diagnosis Patterns in North Carolina. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:63ba2047-79d8-4fb0-8f26-edf07267625e

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cope, Anna. “Assessment of HIV Transmission and Diagnosis Patterns in North Carolina.” 2015. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 27, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:63ba2047-79d8-4fb0-8f26-edf07267625e.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cope, Anna. “Assessment of HIV Transmission and Diagnosis Patterns in North Carolina.” 2015. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Cope A. Assessment of HIV Transmission and Diagnosis Patterns in North Carolina. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:63ba2047-79d8-4fb0-8f26-edf07267625e.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Cope A. Assessment of HIV Transmission and Diagnosis Patterns in North Carolina. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2015. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:63ba2047-79d8-4fb0-8f26-edf07267625e

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

25. Messier, Kyle. Spatiotemporal Geostatistical Methods for Exposure and Epidemiological Analyses of Groundwater Nitrate and Radon.

Degree: Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 2015, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:30f83d6c-a72f-428a-b2ea-420617e39149

► Exposure assessment and dose-response characterization are critical steps in the risk assessment of an environmental contaminant with potential human health effects. There are many established… (more)

▼ Exposure assessment and dose-response characterization are critical steps in the risk assessment of an environmental contaminant with potential human health effects. There are many established methods to conduct exposure assessments and to characterize the dose-response relationship between a contaminant of concern and a health outcome; however, many require extensive time and monetary resources that are becoming increasingly limited. Geostatistical methods are attractive approaches due to their cost-effective implementation and clear physical interpretations. Land use regression (LUR) is a type of geostatistical method that uses spatially-based explanatory variables to model outcomes using classical regression methods. Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) is a geostatistical framework for incorporating measurements as well as various knowledge bases in a logical and theoretically sound manner to produce estimates for variables of interest at unmonitored locations. This work advances these spatiotemporal geostatistical methods in the following three studies: 1) An exposure assessment of groundwater nitrate (NO₃^-), a biological nutrient with natural and anthropogenic sources that in excess has deleterious effects on human and ecological health; 2) An exposure assessment of groundwater radon (222Rn), a naturally occurring gas with radioactively discharged alpha particles that are known human carcinogens; and 3) An epidemiological analysis of the association between groundwater 222Rn exposure and lung and stomach cancer incidence. First, we develop a nonlinear LUR model and then integrate the model into the BME framework to produce the first space/time exposure estimates of groundwater NO₃^- concentrations across a large domain with a cross-validation r^2of 0.74. Second, an exposure model for point-level groundwater 222Rn is developed with anisotropic geological and uranium-based explanatory variables resulting in a cross-validation r^2of 0.46. Lastly, we utilize the LUR-BME exposure model for 222Rn to investigate associations with lung and stomach cancer at multiple spatial scales. It is the first epidemiological analysis of the association between groundwater 222Rn exposure and lung cancer, moreover with a significant and positive association; and the first to find a positive association between groundwater 222Rn and stomach cancer. This body of research provides advances in exposure assessment and dose-response methodology and practical real-world examples that can be used as resources for future cost-effective protection of public health. Advisors/Committee Members: Messier, Kyle, Serre, Marc, Fry, Rebecca, MacDonald Gibson, Jacqueline, Band, Lawrence, Characklis, Gregory.

Subjects/Keywords: Environmental sciences; Public health; Gillings School of Global Public Health; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Messier, K. (2015). Spatiotemporal Geostatistical Methods for Exposure and Epidemiological Analyses of Groundwater Nitrate and Radon. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:30f83d6c-a72f-428a-b2ea-420617e39149

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Messier, Kyle. “Spatiotemporal Geostatistical Methods for Exposure and Epidemiological Analyses of Groundwater Nitrate and Radon.” 2015. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 27, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:30f83d6c-a72f-428a-b2ea-420617e39149.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Messier, Kyle. “Spatiotemporal Geostatistical Methods for Exposure and Epidemiological Analyses of Groundwater Nitrate and Radon.” 2015. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Messier K. Spatiotemporal Geostatistical Methods for Exposure and Epidemiological Analyses of Groundwater Nitrate and Radon. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:30f83d6c-a72f-428a-b2ea-420617e39149.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Messier K. Spatiotemporal Geostatistical Methods for Exposure and Epidemiological Analyses of Groundwater Nitrate and Radon. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2015. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:30f83d6c-a72f-428a-b2ea-420617e39149

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

26. Chang, Shih Ying. High Resolution Air Quality Modeling for Improved Characterization of Exposures and Health Risk to Traffic-Related Air Pollutants (TRAPs) in Urban Areas.

Degree: Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 2016, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:f4da6a4d-f8bf-473d-b43c-b2d796bb0652

► Exposure to traffic-related air pollutants in health studies is often obtained from air quality models at a relatively coarse spatial resolution that is unable to… (more)

▼ Exposure to traffic-related air pollutants in health studies is often obtained from air quality models at a relatively coarse spatial resolution that is unable to capture concentration hotspots near roadways thus has the potential to underestimate the risk. The goal of this work is to improve the characterization of exposure and health risk to traffic-related air pollutants. The hypothesis is that dispersion models can reduce the error for large-scale exposure and risk assessment because of the capability for fine-resolution modeling. This overall hypothesis was verified by the following 3 studies. The first study describes the development of a modeling framework that combined space-time kriging and Gaussian dispersion to inform exposure estimates for traffic-related air pollutants with a high spatial resolution. This framework reduces CPU-time by 88-fold by reducing the required meteorological data, while retaining the accuracy of exposure estimates. With this work, air quality models can be used to achieve fine-resolution modeling. The second study compared a series of six different hourly-based exposure metrics including ambient background concentration from space-time ordinary kriging (STOK), ambient on-road concentration from research line source dispersion model (R-LINE), a hybrid concentration combining STOK and R-LINE, and their associated indoor concentrations from an indoor infiltration mass balance model. Using a hybrid-based indoor concentration as the standard, outdoor STOK metrics yielded large error at both population (67% to 93%) and individual level (average bias between -10% to 95%). The results of the study will help future epidemiology studies to select appropriate exposure metric(s) and reduce potential bias in exposure characterization, or even address exposure misclassification. The third study refines the hybrid approach further to model concentrations at a Census block level (~105,000 Census blocks) using a chemical transport air quality model, Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model at a 36 km × 36 km grid resolution. The resultant concentration fields were than used to estimate on-road PM2.5-related mortality. The results show that the hybrid modeling approach estimated 24% more on-road PM2.5-related mortality than CMAQ. This highlight the importance to characterize near-road primary PM2.5 at fine spatial scales, and suggest the potential for previous studies to have underpredicted the on-road PM2.5 related mortality estimates. Advisors/Committee Members: Chang, Shih Ying, Arunachalam, Saravanan, Vizuete, William, Vizuete, William, Arunachalam, Saravanan, Isakov, Vlad, Serre, Marc, MacDonald Gibson, Jacqueline.

Subjects/Keywords: Gillings School of Global Public Health; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Chang, S. Y. (2016). High Resolution Air Quality Modeling for Improved Characterization of Exposures and Health Risk to Traffic-Related Air Pollutants (TRAPs) in Urban Areas. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:f4da6a4d-f8bf-473d-b43c-b2d796bb0652

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chang, Shih Ying. “High Resolution Air Quality Modeling for Improved Characterization of Exposures and Health Risk to Traffic-Related Air Pollutants (TRAPs) in Urban Areas.” 2016. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 27, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:f4da6a4d-f8bf-473d-b43c-b2d796bb0652.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chang, Shih Ying. “High Resolution Air Quality Modeling for Improved Characterization of Exposures and Health Risk to Traffic-Related Air Pollutants (TRAPs) in Urban Areas.” 2016. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Chang SY. High Resolution Air Quality Modeling for Improved Characterization of Exposures and Health Risk to Traffic-Related Air Pollutants (TRAPs) in Urban Areas. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:f4da6a4d-f8bf-473d-b43c-b2d796bb0652.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Chang SY. High Resolution Air Quality Modeling for Improved Characterization of Exposures and Health Risk to Traffic-Related Air Pollutants (TRAPs) in Urban Areas. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2016. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:f4da6a4d-f8bf-473d-b43c-b2d796bb0652

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

27. Puangthongthub, Sitthichok. Bayesian Maximum Entropy Space/Time Analysis of Ambient Particulate Matter and Mortality in Thailand.

Degree: Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 2006, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:a96de385-6f8b-418e-b1d9-f564666a579d

► Several epidemiological studies have confirmed the associations and estimated the risk of cardiovascular and pulmonary mortality due to short term exposure to PM10. However the… (more)

▼ Several epidemiological studies have confirmed the associations and estimated the risk of cardiovascular and pulmonary mortality due to short term exposure to PM10. However the errors introduced by techniques previously used to interpolate PM10 in characterizing the strength of the associations remain in question. Therefore we incorporate the Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) method of modern spatiotemporal Geostatistics in the exposure assessment to investigate the effect that daily PM10 has on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in different regions of Thailand. The BME maps show that the PM10 field across Thailand exhibits considerable space/time variability. These maps suggest that the PM10 daily average concentration did not comply with the PM10 standard, which is supported by the maps of PM10 daily maximum concentration, and confirmed by BME maps of non-attainment areas. Furthermore, the BME analysis targeted districts in the Northeast region as sites where new monitoring stations should be added in order to improve the Thailand's existing monitoring network. These maps provided the most accurate estimate of PM10 exposure obtained to date for each district location and day for which cardiovascular and respiratory mortality was reported in Thailand during 1998-2003. The strength of the associations was then investigated through an analysis using a case-crossover design. The observed associations were stronger for pulmonary mortality than for cardiovascular mortality. The high odds ratios observed in Bangkok and the central region were possibly due to industrialization, construction, and traffic emission sources while positive associations found in other regions could be related to sources from agricultural biomass burning, forest fire, windblown dust, and sea spray. Furthermore, a holistochastic human exposure analysis propagated mapping and epidemiologic uncertainty to obtain the lower-bound and upper-bound estimates of the number of deaths from cardiovascular and respiratory causes that resulted from acute health response to short term exposure to PM10 across Thailand. An Elasticity uncertainty analysis suggests that the uncertainty in the assessment of the number of deaths caused by PM10 can be improved by adding monitoring stations in the Northeastern region, and by improving the epidemiologic study in the Northern region. Advisors/Committee Members: Puangthongthub, Sitthichok, Serre, Marc.

Subjects/Keywords: Gillings School of Global Public Health; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Puangthongthub, S. (2006). Bayesian Maximum Entropy Space/Time Analysis of Ambient Particulate Matter and Mortality in Thailand. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:a96de385-6f8b-418e-b1d9-f564666a579d

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Puangthongthub, Sitthichok. “Bayesian Maximum Entropy Space/Time Analysis of Ambient Particulate Matter and Mortality in Thailand.” 2006. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 27, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:a96de385-6f8b-418e-b1d9-f564666a579d.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Puangthongthub, Sitthichok. “Bayesian Maximum Entropy Space/Time Analysis of Ambient Particulate Matter and Mortality in Thailand.” 2006. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Puangthongthub S. Bayesian Maximum Entropy Space/Time Analysis of Ambient Particulate Matter and Mortality in Thailand. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2006. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:a96de385-6f8b-418e-b1d9-f564666a579d.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Puangthongthub S. Bayesian Maximum Entropy Space/Time Analysis of Ambient Particulate Matter and Mortality in Thailand. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2006. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:a96de385-6f8b-418e-b1d9-f564666a579d

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

28. Money, Eric S. Modern space/time geostatistics using river distances: theory and applications for water quality mapping.

Degree: Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 2009, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:4ea4cbef-e555-4306-aadf-a525e86a8159

► The Clean Water Act requires that state and local agencies assess all river miles for potential impairments. However, due to the large number of river… (more)

▼ The Clean Water Act requires that state and local agencies assess all river miles for potential impairments. However, due to the large number of river miles to be assessed, as well as budget and resource limitations, many states cannot feasibly meet this requirement. Therefore, there is a need for a framework that can accurately assess water quality at un-monitored locations, using limited data resources. Many researchers employ geostatistical techniques such as kriging and Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) to interpolate values in areas where no data exist. These techniques rely on the spatial and/or temporal autocorrelation between existing data points to estimate at un-monitored locations. This autocorrelation is traditionally a function of the Euclidean distance between those data points; however, a Euclidean distance does not take into account that many water quality variables may be spatially correlated due to the hydrogeography of the system. The focus of this work is the development of a space/time geostatistical framework for estimating and mapping water quality along river networks by using river distances instead of the traditional Euclidean distance. The Bayesian Maximum Entropy method of modern space/time geostatistics is modified and extended to incorporate the use of river distances to improve the estimation of basin-wide water quality. This new framework, termed river-BME, uses geostatistical models that integrate the use of permissible covariance functions with secondary information along with river distance. Factors, such as network complexity, are explored to determine the efficacy of using river-BME for water quality estimation. Additionally, simulation experiments and three real world case studies provide a broad application of this framework for a variety of basins and water quality parameters, including dissolved oxygen, Escherichia coli, and fish tissue mercury. Results show that the use of river-BME produces significantly more accurate estimates of water quality at un-monitored locations than traditional Euclidean based methods by more than 30%. Overall, this work provides a new tool for applying modern space/time geostatistics using river distances. It has the potential to aid not only future researchers but can ultimately provide environmental managers with the information necessary to better allocate resources and protect ecological and human health. Advisors/Committee Members: Money, Eric S., Serre, Marc, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Subjects/Keywords: Gillings School of Global Public Health; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Money, E. S. (2009). Modern space/time geostatistics using river distances: theory and applications for water quality mapping. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:4ea4cbef-e555-4306-aadf-a525e86a8159

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Money, Eric S. “Modern space/time geostatistics using river distances: theory and applications for water quality mapping.” 2009. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 27, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:4ea4cbef-e555-4306-aadf-a525e86a8159.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Money, Eric S. “Modern space/time geostatistics using river distances: theory and applications for water quality mapping.” 2009. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Money ES. Modern space/time geostatistics using river distances: theory and applications for water quality mapping. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:4ea4cbef-e555-4306-aadf-a525e86a8159.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Money ES. Modern space/time geostatistics using river distances: theory and applications for water quality mapping. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2009. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:4ea4cbef-e555-4306-aadf-a525e86a8159

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

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Open Access Theses and Dissertations