+publisher:"University of North Carolina" +contributor:("Pfaender, Frederic K.")

University of North Carolina

1. Brown, Denise Marie. Pyrene availability as determined by the interactions of natural organic matter with the soil mineral matrix.

Degree: Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 2006, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:cf1e7761-199b-40e0-80b1-afca0202365f

► Soil organic matter (SOM), especially humic substances and biological material, profoundly affect polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) movement, toxicity, and degradation when assessing acceptable end points for… (more)

▼ Soil organic matter (SOM), especially humic substances and biological material, profoundly affect polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) movement, toxicity, and degradation when assessing acceptable end points for in situ remediation practices. The complex, inter-dependent relationship between soil chemical and physical attributes makes determining absolute PAH fate, transport, and availability a formidable task. This research attempted to correlate the impact known SOM components have on pyrene sorption as related to sorbent loading and type and mineral phase aggregation. The objective was achieved by generating a synthetic soil, composed of mineral matter, humic acid (HA), and peptidoglycan (PG), and comparing this matrix to freshly contaminated and aged natural soils, using pyrene as the representative hydrophobic organic contaminant. In contrast to HA, a larger concentration of PG sorbed to both mineral phases (hematite and montmorillonite clay); thus, promoting further particle aggregation, and effectually resulting in greater pyrene sorption as evidenced by HPLC and fluorescence microscopy. The greater the concentration and number of constituents introduced into the synthetic matrix, culminating in a HA+PG mixture loaded onto clay, the greater the resulting pyrene sorption and similarity to spiked natural soils, both in chemical and physical attributes. The final result was a compiled fluorescence map visually detailing pyrene location and percentage sorbed in relation to PG, HA, and the mineral phases for natural and synthetic soils, where the biological constituent held a significant influence over pyrene compared to that by the humic substances. In summary, the type and concentration of SOM constituents, specifically humic substances and biological material, sorbed to a mineral phase significantly impact soil physical and chemical characteristics, and therefore, should be accounted for when determining pyrene fate, transport, and availability within contaminated soil systems. Potentially, when these observations are combined with fluorescence microscopy, consultants could determine the most effective remediation technology to target specific locations, such as pore spaces, or strong sorptive entities, such as PG, and achieve acceptable end-points. Advisors/Committee Members: Brown, Denise Marie, Pfaender, Frederic K..

Subjects/Keywords: Gillings School of Global Public Health; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering

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APA (6^th Edition):

Brown, D. M. (2006). Pyrene availability as determined by the interactions of natural organic matter with the soil mineral matrix. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:cf1e7761-199b-40e0-80b1-afca0202365f

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Brown, Denise Marie. “Pyrene availability as determined by the interactions of natural organic matter with the soil mineral matrix.” 2006. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 27, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:cf1e7761-199b-40e0-80b1-afca0202365f.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Brown, Denise Marie. “Pyrene availability as determined by the interactions of natural organic matter with the soil mineral matrix.” 2006. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Brown DM. Pyrene availability as determined by the interactions of natural organic matter with the soil mineral matrix. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2006. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:cf1e7761-199b-40e0-80b1-afca0202365f.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Brown DM. Pyrene availability as determined by the interactions of natural organic matter with the soil mineral matrix. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2006. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:cf1e7761-199b-40e0-80b1-afca0202365f

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

2. Sullivan, Michelle A. A Microscale Investigation of Naphthalene Dissolution and Biodegradation.

Degree: Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 2006, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:75c26a35-e0d2-4d4c-91b2-c54dc72cda66

► Biodegradation of PAHs by soil microbes is often hindered because the compounds are not always available to the microorganisms responsible for metabolism. Light microscopy, with… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Gillings School of Global Public Health; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Sullivan, M. A. (2006). A Microscale Investigation of Naphthalene Dissolution and Biodegradation. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:75c26a35-e0d2-4d4c-91b2-c54dc72cda66

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sullivan, Michelle A. “A Microscale Investigation of Naphthalene Dissolution and Biodegradation.” 2006. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 27, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:75c26a35-e0d2-4d4c-91b2-c54dc72cda66.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sullivan, Michelle A. “A Microscale Investigation of Naphthalene Dissolution and Biodegradation.” 2006. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Sullivan MA. A Microscale Investigation of Naphthalene Dissolution and Biodegradation. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2006. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:75c26a35-e0d2-4d4c-91b2-c54dc72cda66.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Sullivan MA. A Microscale Investigation of Naphthalene Dissolution and Biodegradation. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2006. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:75c26a35-e0d2-4d4c-91b2-c54dc72cda66

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

3. Jones, Maiysha D. Effect of incubation conditions on the enrichment of pyrene-degrading bacteria identified by stable isotope probing in a PAH-contaminated soil.

Degree: Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 2006, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:a3b20a2f-1a2b-4256-8cd5-916339c527d9

► Many high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are known or suspected carcinogens and as ubiquitous environmental pollutants, their remediation is necessary to reduce human… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Gillings School of Global Public Health; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Jones, M. D. (2006). Effect of incubation conditions on the enrichment of pyrene-degrading bacteria identified by stable isotope probing in a PAH-contaminated soil. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:a3b20a2f-1a2b-4256-8cd5-916339c527d9

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jones, Maiysha D. “Effect of incubation conditions on the enrichment of pyrene-degrading bacteria identified by stable isotope probing in a PAH-contaminated soil.” 2006. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 27, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:a3b20a2f-1a2b-4256-8cd5-916339c527d9.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jones, Maiysha D. “Effect of incubation conditions on the enrichment of pyrene-degrading bacteria identified by stable isotope probing in a PAH-contaminated soil.” 2006. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Jones MD. Effect of incubation conditions on the enrichment of pyrene-degrading bacteria identified by stable isotope probing in a PAH-contaminated soil. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2006. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:a3b20a2f-1a2b-4256-8cd5-916339c527d9.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Jones MD. Effect of incubation conditions on the enrichment of pyrene-degrading bacteria identified by stable isotope probing in a PAH-contaminated soil. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2006. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:a3b20a2f-1a2b-4256-8cd5-916339c527d9

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

4. Swanson, Juliet S. Structural and spatial analysis of the microbial communities in soil contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Degree: Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 2007, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:a22d9b1a-1ea4-4ed7-908a-f5686457cef5

► The microbial communities of an aged, creosote-contaminated soil (CMN) and an uncontaminated soil (PMN) from nearby were compared. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons of small… (more)

▼ The microbial communities of an aged, creosote-contaminated soil (CMN) and an uncontaminated soil (PMN) from nearby were compared. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons of small subunit ribosomal RNA-encoding genes were resolved on a denaturing gradient gel (DGGE) and transformed into clone libraries. The CMN community was less diverse than the PMN, as evidenced by 1) the finite number of DGGE bands versus the smeared profile of the PMN and 2) the finite number of unique clones versus the flat rank abundance of the PMN clones. The CMN clone library contained sequences belonging only to the Proteobacteria, whereas the PMN sequences represented numerous phylotypes. A soil-embedding technique was developed for visualizing microorganisms in soil that preserved spatial arrangements as compared to conventional slurry-based methods. 16S rRNA probes were hybridized to cells in three soils contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and the uncontaminated soil after incubation with pyrene. Spatial relationships between cells and pyrene were determined using a two-population stereological analysis. Microbial localization with respect to pyrene was found to be nonrandom for the slurry-based method and random for the aggregate method. This was likely due to the close association of cells and pyrene with soil particles in the slurried samples. Other patterns also emerged: 1) the higher the background PAH contamination, the more cells clustered with respect to pyrene, and 2) the clustering tendency increased over time for the least contaminated soil and decreased for the others. These data suggest that better-adapted populations are present in more contaminated soils. The change in the bacterial community structure of the spiked PMN was monitored by PCR-DGGE. The PMN profile became less diverse over time but never approached that of the CMN, even after an additional pyrene spike. The community did not recover its original diversity, indicating either permanent succession or an ongoing selection of certain populations due to constant contaminant availability in the soil. A group of pyrene degraders, PG3, was detected whose 16S rRNA gene copy number correlated with pyrene mineralization, suggesting that the appearance of this group following an acute exposure to PAH could be an indicator of remediation potential. Advisors/Committee Members: Swanson, Juliet S., Pfaender, Frederic K., University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Subjects/Keywords: Gillings School of Global Public Health; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Swanson, J. S. (2007). Structural and spatial analysis of the microbial communities in soil contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:a22d9b1a-1ea4-4ed7-908a-f5686457cef5

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Swanson, Juliet S. “Structural and spatial analysis of the microbial communities in soil contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.” 2007. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 27, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:a22d9b1a-1ea4-4ed7-908a-f5686457cef5.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Swanson, Juliet S. “Structural and spatial analysis of the microbial communities in soil contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.” 2007. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Swanson JS. Structural and spatial analysis of the microbial communities in soil contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2007. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:a22d9b1a-1ea4-4ed7-908a-f5686457cef5.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Swanson JS. Structural and spatial analysis of the microbial communities in soil contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2007. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:a22d9b1a-1ea4-4ed7-908a-f5686457cef5

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

5. Zhu, Hongbo. Improvement of the Bioavailability of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Field-Contaminated Soil.

Degree: Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 2008, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:e015a97b-a101-4c27-8f4b-93d2d7aed617

► The contamination of soils by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has posed a serious threat to public health and ecosystems. Bioremediation of PAH-contaminated soils is a… (more)

▼ The contamination of soils by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has posed a serious threat to public health and ecosystems. Bioremediation of PAH-contaminated soils is a low-cost and relatively clean strategy. However, the bioremediation is not always successful, and one of the major causes is the limited PAH bioavailability to microorganisms in the soil system. Surfactant addition is a common strategy to increase the bioavailability of PAHs in the soil. We evaluated two nonionic surfactants, one hydrophobic (Brij 30) and one hydrophilic (C12E8), for their ability to enhance the biodegradation of PAHs and their influence on groups of PAH-degrading bacteria in the bioreactor community that had previously been identified by DNA-based stable-isotope probing. The effects of each surfactant were evaluated at doses corresponding to equilibrium aqueous-phase concentrations well above the surfactant's critical micelle concentration (CMC), slightly above the CMC, and below the CMC. The concentrations of all 3- and 4-ring PAHs were significantly reduced in the soil amended with Brij 30 at the two lower doses compared to controls, whereas removal of only the 3-ring PAHs was significantly enhanced at the highest Brij 30 dose. In contrast, C12E8 did not enhance PAH removal at any dose. Brij 30 addition at the lowest dose significantly increased the desorption of most PAHs, whereas the addition of C12E8 at the lowest dose actually decreased the desorption of all PAHs. Two groups of organisms containing naphthalene- or salicylate-degrading bacteria increased in abundance substantially after incubation with both surfactants. In contrast, Brij 30 inhibited a third group of naphthalene/salicylate degraders and two groups of pyrene-degrading bacteria, and it modestly inhibited the predominant phenanthrene degrader at the highest dose. Overall, this study demonstrates that the effects of the surfactants on PAH biodegradation could be explained by their effects on PAH bioavailability, and that surfactant addition can have differential effects on populations of organisms known to be responsible for contaminant degradation within a microbial community. Advisors/Committee Members: Zhu, Hongbo, Aitken, Michael, Kamens, R. M., Miller, Cass T., Pfaender, Frederic K., Searles, Lillie.

Subjects/Keywords: Gillings School of Global Public Health; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Zhu, H. (2008). Improvement of the Bioavailability of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Field-Contaminated Soil. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:e015a97b-a101-4c27-8f4b-93d2d7aed617

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zhu, Hongbo. “Improvement of the Bioavailability of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Field-Contaminated Soil.” 2008. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 27, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:e015a97b-a101-4c27-8f4b-93d2d7aed617.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zhu, Hongbo. “Improvement of the Bioavailability of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Field-Contaminated Soil.” 2008. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Zhu H. Improvement of the Bioavailability of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Field-Contaminated Soil. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2008. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:e015a97b-a101-4c27-8f4b-93d2d7aed617.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Zhu H. Improvement of the Bioavailability of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Field-Contaminated Soil. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2008. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:e015a97b-a101-4c27-8f4b-93d2d7aed617

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

6. Friedman, Stephanie. Genome Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analyses as a Basis for Molecular Subtyping of Male-Specific (FRNA) Coliphages.

Degree: Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 2008, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:55b88648-3926-4150-b8ea-6c45e69a95c9

► Monitoring programs for recreational waters utilize indicator bacteria concentrations as predictors of sewage-exposure related illness risks. However, most illnesses contracted through exposure to recreational waters… (more)

▼ Monitoring programs for recreational waters utilize indicator bacteria concentrations as predictors of sewage-exposure related illness risks. However, most illnesses contracted through exposure to recreational waters may be of viral etiology. Identifying the fecal sources (non-human vs human) is also valuable information for risk management and source mitigation. Male-specific (FRNA) coliphages are proposed as sensitive enteric viral indicators for source-tracking fecal pollution in environmental waters. Classified as family Leviviridae of two genera, Levivirus and Allolevivirus, and four genogroups (I, II, III, IV) the genogroups provide information regarding animal or human fecal sources. In order to design an assay for molecular identification of specific genogroups, a genomic sequence database of sufficient size must be generated from several FRNA coliphages collected from diverse sources or locations. The complete genome of 21 FRNA strains was sequenced and compared with 11 strains available in GenBank. Sequences of 30 out of 32 FRNA coliphages demonstrated very similar conserved regions, Open Reading Frame positions, amino acid compositions and gene maps when compared to the FRNA reference strains. The sequence of two strains could be placed in a new subcluster of genogroup I and further analysis suggests that these viruses are natural recombinants. Among viruses within each genogroup, nucleotide sequence similarities ranged from 75-99%, 83-93%, 69-95% and 74- 95% for genogroups I, II, III and IV, respectively. Genogroup II lysis protein tree formed a unique branch that was not observed in the full-length nucleotide tree. Thus, both full-length nucleotide and individual protein sequences need to be evaluated when genotyping or phylogenetically clustering these FRNA coliphages. From conserved regions within each genogroup, four genogroup-specific primer sets were designed for a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. The assay was then evaluated successfully on a panel of environmental FRNA strains demonstrating their usefulness to assess the sanitary quality of recreational waters and provide data identifying and subsequently eliminating the contamination source. Advisors/Committee Members: Friedman, Stephanie, Sobsey, Mark, Vinjé, Jan, Genthner, Fred, Stamm, Lola, Pfaender, Frederic K., Ball, Louise, Noble, Rachel T..

Subjects/Keywords: Gillings School of Global Public Health; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Friedman, S. (2008). Genome Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analyses as a Basis for Molecular Subtyping of Male-Specific (FRNA) Coliphages. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:55b88648-3926-4150-b8ea-6c45e69a95c9

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Friedman, Stephanie. “Genome Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analyses as a Basis for Molecular Subtyping of Male-Specific (FRNA) Coliphages.” 2008. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 27, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:55b88648-3926-4150-b8ea-6c45e69a95c9.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Friedman, Stephanie. “Genome Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analyses as a Basis for Molecular Subtyping of Male-Specific (FRNA) Coliphages.” 2008. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Friedman S. Genome Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analyses as a Basis for Molecular Subtyping of Male-Specific (FRNA) Coliphages. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2008. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:55b88648-3926-4150-b8ea-6c45e69a95c9.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Friedman S. Genome Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analyses as a Basis for Molecular Subtyping of Male-Specific (FRNA) Coliphages. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2008. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:55b88648-3926-4150-b8ea-6c45e69a95c9

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

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