+publisher:"University of North Carolina" +contributor:("Mitchell, Charles")

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University of North Carolina

1. Welsh, Miranda. Trait-based variation in host contribution to pathogen transmission.

Degree: 2016, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:51f7c39a-3dfe-4915-9285-db7e7614e1df

► Host competence defines a host’s potential to transmit disease, and, from the perspective of a pathogen, a good host is a competent one. Highly competent… (more)

▼ Host competence defines a host’s potential to transmit disease, and, from the perspective of a pathogen, a good host is a competent one. Highly competent hosts boost transmission, increase the size of epidemics, and promote emergence in new host populations. From a host’s perspective, competent hosts increase disease risk, and control efforts are more successful when competent hosts can be rapidly identified and targeted. Competence varies widely both within and among host species, and this variation is generally quantified observationally, on a case-by-case basis. While locally effective, this approach limits our ability to successfully control pathogens that emerge in new hosts or novel conditions. To this end, I tested whether the functional traits of hosts can predict host competence. These traits include host physiological, morphological, and life-history characteristics. I focused on functional traits for two reasons: 1) several functional traits have demonstrated effects on host-pathogen or host-vector interactions, and 2) functional traits have provided a useful framework for developing general, predictive models of ecological processes in both simple and complex systems (e.g., competition, community assembly). In developing and testing trait-based models of host competence, my overarching goal was to contribute to a mechanistic understanding of disease processes and to promote synthesis across models of disease and community dynamics. Across 23 hosts of a generalist, vector-borne pathogen, hosts functional traits covaried along a single, general axis of ecological strategy. This axis ran from traits associated with slow growth and resource conservation to traits associated with fast growth and resource acquisition. As hosts became more fast-growing along this axis, they became more likely to acquire and transmit pathogen infection, but they were also more impacted by infection. This suggests that fast-growing hosts contribute disproportionately to transmission, but slow-growing hosts may encourage pathogen persistence. Trait-based models of competence could become less accurate in two cases: 1) when applied at the individual instead of the species level, and 2) when hosts were exposed to novel environments. Combined, my results demonstrate the potential for trait-based approaches to improve forecasts of pathogen transmission and emergence, and also illustrate two important caveats to their application. Advisors/Committee Members: Welsh, Miranda, Mitchell, Charles, Bruno, John, Hoffmann, William, Moody, Aaron, Umbanhowar, James.

Subjects/Keywords: College of Arts and Sciences; Curriculum in Environment and Ecology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Welsh, M. (2016). Trait-based variation in host contribution to pathogen transmission. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:51f7c39a-3dfe-4915-9285-db7e7614e1df

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Welsh, Miranda. “Trait-based variation in host contribution to pathogen transmission.” 2016. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 26, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:51f7c39a-3dfe-4915-9285-db7e7614e1df.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Welsh, Miranda. “Trait-based variation in host contribution to pathogen transmission.” 2016. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Welsh M. Trait-based variation in host contribution to pathogen transmission. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:51f7c39a-3dfe-4915-9285-db7e7614e1df.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Welsh M. Trait-based variation in host contribution to pathogen transmission. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2016. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:51f7c39a-3dfe-4915-9285-db7e7614e1df

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

2. Halliday, Fletcher. The community ecology of plant parasites: from coinfections to metacommunities.

Degree: Biology, 2017, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:a8696d69-5b67-4e6a-a34a-cabdcf47a321

► New emerging diseases and methodological advances have generated a recent surge in disease ecology research and renewed interest in identifying the ecological processes that structure… (more)

▼ New emerging diseases and methodological advances have generated a recent surge in disease ecology research and renewed interest in identifying the ecological processes that structure parasite communities. Yet ecologists still lack a general framework for understanding the drivers of parasite diversity. Metacommunity theory is a general ecological framework that has been used to understand patterns of community composition in many ecological systems. This dissertation leverages one key insight from metacommunity theory – that multiple processes operate across different spatial and temporal scales to control the composition of local communities – to understand parasite communities within hosts. In this work, I used experimental studies to examine the community ecology of parasites that infect wild host plants over space and time. At the smallest spatial scale, I explored how interactions among parasites in the same host leaf during coinfection alter parasite epidemics. Within host leaves, parasite growth was influenced by coinfections, but coinfections were often prevented by the sequence of parasite infection, generating priority effects within hosts. Coinfections, priority effects, and the severity of infections were altered by host immunity. Scaling up, I found that parasite phenology, which operates across host individuals, altered host susceptibility to secondary infections, parasite interactions, and ultimately the magnitude of parasite epidemics. At the largest spatial scale, I explored how characteristics of host communities influence the diversity of parasite metacommunities. Parasite diversity across host communities depended on host diversity and resource supply to hosts. Host richness alone could not explain most changes in parasite diversity. However, shifting host composition allowed disease amplification, depending on parasite transmission mode. These effects also varied over time: the structure of host communities changed in response to initial host diversity and resource supply to hosts, leading to altered parasite richness and abundance. Together, these results highlight the utility of multiscale approaches to disease ecology. Specifically, integrating concepts from community ecology with information about infectious diseases and host-parasite interactions provides insight into the general mechanisms that control the diversity of parasites across space and time. Advisors/Committee Members: Halliday, Fletcher, Mitchell, Charles, Hurlbert, Allen, Umbanhowar, James, Vilgalys, Rytas, White, Peter.

Subjects/Keywords: College of Arts and Sciences; Department of Biology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Halliday, F. (2017). The community ecology of plant parasites: from coinfections to metacommunities. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:a8696d69-5b67-4e6a-a34a-cabdcf47a321

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Halliday, Fletcher. “The community ecology of plant parasites: from coinfections to metacommunities.” 2017. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 26, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:a8696d69-5b67-4e6a-a34a-cabdcf47a321.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Halliday, Fletcher. “The community ecology of plant parasites: from coinfections to metacommunities.” 2017. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Halliday F. The community ecology of plant parasites: from coinfections to metacommunities. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:a8696d69-5b67-4e6a-a34a-cabdcf47a321.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Halliday F. The community ecology of plant parasites: from coinfections to metacommunities. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2017. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:a8696d69-5b67-4e6a-a34a-cabdcf47a321

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

3. Higgins, Jessica. RAPID EVOLUTION AND POPULATION DIVERGENCE IN RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE IN COLIAS BUTTERLIES.

Degree: Biology, 2014, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:c15d0a2f-6759-4937-ae8c-a36bde276b28

► My dissertation focuses on how environmental change, specifically in temperature and host plants, can drive physiological and morphological differences. I took advantage of historical studies… (more)

▼ My dissertation focuses on how environmental change, specifically in temperature and host plants, can drive physiological and morphological differences. I took advantage of historical studies with the Colias system of butterflies to assess adaptation and plasticity in larval performance in response to climatic change and changing host plant abundance. I have found that changing temperatures have affected the adaptation of some larval traits but not others. Specifically, as temperature variability has increased in both California and Colorado populations of Colias, the larval feeding rate has shifted to correspond to the new environmental conditions. Next, I studied how two Colorado populations of Colias eriphyle cope with repeated exposures to sub-lethal high temperatures simulating multi-day heat waves. I found that the higher elevation population suffered less detrimental fitness effects than the lower elevation population in regards to both short term (heat shock gene expression) and long term (overall growth rate) fitness effects. Building on my interest of how temperature and temperature variation affects multiple life stages I studied the effects of temperature during the pupal life stage on survival, growth and the resultant adult wing morphology. Generally, high temperatures decreased pupal time and less melanic adult wings. Finally, I used the two populations of C. eriphyle to quantify thermal performance differences of fitness when larvae consume different host plants at two temperatures. I found that cooler temperatures increased the difference in performance between populations consuming different host plants and that thermal performance differs between populations. My research shows that temperature can affect fitness across many life stages and organisms have responded to these changes in temperature over time by adaptation. Advisors/Committee Members: Higgins, Jessica, Kingsolver, Joel, Buckley, Lauren, Jones, Corbin, Mitchell, Charles, Willett, Christopher.

Subjects/Keywords: Biology; College of Arts and Sciences; Department of Biology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Higgins, J. (2014). RAPID EVOLUTION AND POPULATION DIVERGENCE IN RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE IN COLIAS BUTTERLIES. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:c15d0a2f-6759-4937-ae8c-a36bde276b28

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Higgins, Jessica. “RAPID EVOLUTION AND POPULATION DIVERGENCE IN RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE IN COLIAS BUTTERLIES.” 2014. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 26, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:c15d0a2f-6759-4937-ae8c-a36bde276b28.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Higgins, Jessica. “RAPID EVOLUTION AND POPULATION DIVERGENCE IN RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE IN COLIAS BUTTERLIES.” 2014. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Higgins J. RAPID EVOLUTION AND POPULATION DIVERGENCE IN RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE IN COLIAS BUTTERLIES. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:c15d0a2f-6759-4937-ae8c-a36bde276b28.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Higgins J. RAPID EVOLUTION AND POPULATION DIVERGENCE IN RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE IN COLIAS BUTTERLIES. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2014. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:c15d0a2f-6759-4937-ae8c-a36bde276b28

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

4. Rúa, Megan Arlene. THE ROLE OF MUTUALISTS IN PLANT RESPONSE TO PATHOGEN INFECTION.

Degree: 2012, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:70c49ef4-1570-4c7d-a483-6a1fa182ca5d

► Plants interact with a diversity of microorganisms including enemies and mutualists. Plant pathogens and mutualistic fungi are two classes of microorganisms that directly impact the… (more)

▼ Plants interact with a diversity of microorganisms including enemies and mutualists. Plant pathogens and mutualistic fungi are two classes of microorganisms that directly impact the plant and may in turn alter each other's success. While their roles have often been considered independently, few researchers have considered their concurrent role. Dynamics of these two groups of widespread microbes may modify plant nutrient allocation in response to abiotic environmental changes. Furthermore, early models suggest that mutualists and pathogens may profoundly impact not only their shared host plant, but each other. In one of the first thorough explorations of three-species interactions, I use both experimental and theoretical approaches to investigate the interaction between plants, their pathogenic enemies and fungal mutualists in the context of changing abiotic conditions. In two separate greenhouse experiments I show that mutualistic strategy is important for determining the direction of change by which mutualists alter pathogen dynamics. In additional work, I also confrim the reverse can also be true in that pathogen infection influences mutualists. Both mathematical theory and an experiment indicate that a pathogen can alter host-mutualist dynamics and consequently alter long-term co-existence of a host and a mutualist. Finally, my thesis shows that changing abiotic environmental conditions can modify the relationships between hosts, mutualists and pathogens. Using greenhouse and field experiments, I demonstrate that increases in atmospheric CO?2?, temperature and precipitation all modify mutualist-host-pathogen relationships. Overall, my thesis demonstrates that mutualists and pathogens can have important impacts on not only the host but also on the success of each other. Such dynamics can be further modified by changes in the abiotic environment. Precipitation, temperature, and atmospheric CO?2s? are all expected to continue to change for the foreseeable future. Thus, in order to make accurate projections about ecosystem, community or population dynamics, changes in microorganisms and their interactions must be included in those projections. Advisors/Committee Members: Rúa, Megan Arlene, Mitchell, Charles, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Subjects/Keywords: College of Arts and Sciences; Curriculum in Environment and Ecology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Rúa, M. A. (2012). THE ROLE OF MUTUALISTS IN PLANT RESPONSE TO PATHOGEN INFECTION. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:70c49ef4-1570-4c7d-a483-6a1fa182ca5d

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Rúa, Megan Arlene. “THE ROLE OF MUTUALISTS IN PLANT RESPONSE TO PATHOGEN INFECTION.” 2012. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 26, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:70c49ef4-1570-4c7d-a483-6a1fa182ca5d.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Rúa, Megan Arlene. “THE ROLE OF MUTUALISTS IN PLANT RESPONSE TO PATHOGEN INFECTION.” 2012. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Rúa MA. THE ROLE OF MUTUALISTS IN PLANT RESPONSE TO PATHOGEN INFECTION. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:70c49ef4-1570-4c7d-a483-6a1fa182ca5d.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Rúa MA. THE ROLE OF MUTUALISTS IN PLANT RESPONSE TO PATHOGEN INFECTION. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2012. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:70c49ef4-1570-4c7d-a483-6a1fa182ca5d

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

5. Wilfahrt, Peter. From old fields to forests: Understanding plant successional dynamics through the lens of functional traits.

Degree: 2016, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:272c2d03-12ae-40e5-a066-b837e760f35f

► Vegetative succession describes the turnover of plant species through time. This turnover enables coexistence of species temporally, but also spatially as different locations co-occur at… (more)

▼ Vegetative succession describes the turnover of plant species through time. This turnover enables coexistence of species temporally, but also spatially as different locations co-occur at different successional stages. Moreover, the suite of species that occupy different successional stages varies due to heterogeneous environments across both local and regional spatial scales. Understanding the processes that underlie succession as well as those that drive spatial variation in the species that comprise similar successional stages is a central goal in ecology. In order to understand these processes in this dissertation, I recast species into functional traits that connect species physiologies to their environments. Using a suite of traits thought to influence species success at various stages of succession, I examine functional trait changes through time in plant communities of the eastern US. Chapters 2 and 3 use an old field experiment to examine how soil nutrients and plant enemies influence temporal dynamics of early secondary succession by examining species-level trait responses (Chapter 2) and community-level trait responses (Chapter 3). Old fields are important and well-studied community types due to their frequency in the landscape and lend themselves well to experimental manipulation given the relatively rapid life cycles and small stature of their constituent herbaceous species. Chapters 4 and 5 use a continental-scale forest database to examine similar processes in trees, albeit at larger spatial and temporal gradients. Chapter 4 uses a space-for-time substitute approach to ask how tree community traits change along a forest age gradient, while Chapter 5 asks how traits of tree seedling communities respond to forest disturbances using resampled plots. In Chapter 6, I synthesize my findings on trait responses to successional gradients in these two distinct successional stages. Overall, I found that seed mass, indicative of dispersal strategy, and investment in structural biomass (plant height and wood density) capture plant successional strategies. Leaf traits, however, did not consistently vary with succession or the manipulated environmental gradients in the old field experiment. Rather, leaf traits displayed large, unexplained variation across space, suggesting that they are responding to processes related to spatial heterogeneity independent of succession. Advisors/Committee Members: Wilfahrt, Peter, White, Peter, Peet, Robert K., Mitchell, Charles, Bruno, John, Wright, Justin.

Subjects/Keywords: College of Arts and Sciences; Curriculum in Environment and Ecology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Wilfahrt, P. (2016). From old fields to forests: Understanding plant successional dynamics through the lens of functional traits. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:272c2d03-12ae-40e5-a066-b837e760f35f

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wilfahrt, Peter. “From old fields to forests: Understanding plant successional dynamics through the lens of functional traits.” 2016. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 26, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:272c2d03-12ae-40e5-a066-b837e760f35f.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wilfahrt, Peter. “From old fields to forests: Understanding plant successional dynamics through the lens of functional traits.” 2016. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Wilfahrt P. From old fields to forests: Understanding plant successional dynamics through the lens of functional traits. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:272c2d03-12ae-40e5-a066-b837e760f35f.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wilfahrt P. From old fields to forests: Understanding plant successional dynamics through the lens of functional traits. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2016. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:272c2d03-12ae-40e5-a066-b837e760f35f

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

6. Coyle, Jessica. Trait-based Inference of Environmental Constraints on Lichen Epiphyte Communities at Multiple Spatial Scales.

Degree: Biology, 2016, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:b99c29df-28b9-4ff7-b390-b6fcd4fab14d

► Ecological systems respond to processes that operate at a variety of spatial scales. Epiphytic lichens are a useful group for studying community response to cross-scale… (more)

▼ Ecological systems respond to processes that operate at a variety of spatial scales. Epiphytic lichens are a useful group for studying community response to cross-scale environmental variation because tree and forest architecture organize epiphyte communities into discrete hierarchical scales and because lichens’ limited homeostatic ability makes them potentially sensitive environmental indicators. Examining variation in the functional traits of organisms can elucidate the role of the environment in structuring communities because these traits provide a direct link between organismal fitness and environmental filters. For lichens, such trait-based approaches are not yet fully developed. This dissertation examines how lichen traits can provide insight into environmental constraints on communities across multiple spatial scales. The primary goals of this research were to 1) evaluate the extent to which larger-scale processes influence lichen epiphyte communities at smaller scales and 2) assess the utility of functional versus morphological trait-based approaches for understanding community assembly in lichen epiphytes. I utilized a national forest inventory (U.S. Forest Service) and conducted two field-based surveys in temperate deciduous forests across North Carolina (U.S.A.) to assess environmental factors affecting lichen assemblages at three focal scales: forest patches, tree trunks, and individual branches within tree canopies. To evaluate trait-based approaches, I quantified the response of functional and morphological traits to environmental variation at different scales and assessed whether observed relationships were consistent with hypothesized environmental constraints. Results highlighted a previously underappreciated role for larger-scale processes in determining the composition of lichen epiphyte assemblages at multiple scales, but also revealed high community variability at small scales, which was not well accounted for by linear environmental models. This suggests a potentially important role for stochasticity in lichen community formation. Analyses also indicated that future development of trait-based approaches to lichen community studies should focus on quantifiable and functionally interpretable traits rather than the categorical characters used for species identification. This research demonstrates that traits are a useful, but not powerful, tool for understanding processes shaping lichen assemblages. Advisors/Committee Members: Coyle, Jessica, Hurlbert, Allen, Mitchell, Charles, Peet, Robert K., Kingsolver, Joel, Lutzoni, François.

Subjects/Keywords: College of Arts and Sciences; Department of Biology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Coyle, J. (2016). Trait-based Inference of Environmental Constraints on Lichen Epiphyte Communities at Multiple Spatial Scales. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:b99c29df-28b9-4ff7-b390-b6fcd4fab14d

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Coyle, Jessica. “Trait-based Inference of Environmental Constraints on Lichen Epiphyte Communities at Multiple Spatial Scales.” 2016. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 26, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:b99c29df-28b9-4ff7-b390-b6fcd4fab14d.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Coyle, Jessica. “Trait-based Inference of Environmental Constraints on Lichen Epiphyte Communities at Multiple Spatial Scales.” 2016. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Coyle J. Trait-based Inference of Environmental Constraints on Lichen Epiphyte Communities at Multiple Spatial Scales. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:b99c29df-28b9-4ff7-b390-b6fcd4fab14d.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Coyle J. Trait-based Inference of Environmental Constraints on Lichen Epiphyte Communities at Multiple Spatial Scales. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2016. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:b99c29df-28b9-4ff7-b390-b6fcd4fab14d

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

7. Heckman, Robert. Influences of Natural Enemies and Resource Availability in Biological Invasions by Plants.

Degree: Biology, 2017, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:cd5431da-863d-48fa-bb57-d4aaeac2b81d

► Biological invasions—the establishment and spread of species outside their historical native ranges—has implications for basic ecology as well as conservation and human well-being. As such,… (more)

▼ Biological invasions—the establishment and spread of species outside their historical native ranges—has implications for basic ecology as well as conservation and human well-being. As such, identifying the mechanisms that promote invasions is crucial for both applied and basic ecology. While most major invasion hypotheses focus on a single causal mechanism (e.g., nutrient availability, traits of the invasive species), my research examines whether trade-offs between resource allocation to growth of new tissue and defense of tissue against disease and herbivory can explain why some non-native species become invasive in their new range and others do not. Specifically, I tested whether exotic species benefit more from enemy release relative to native competitors in high resource environments. To that end, I conducted a series of field experiments at the level of individual plants and plant communities. This research represents the first thorough test of the assumptions and key predictions of a hypothesis which integrates information about invasive species, invaded communities, and the environment in which invasion occurs to explain invasion success more broadly than previously possible (the Resource-Enemy Release Hypothesis, R-ERH). I tested this hypothesis in grassland communities and with individuals of several grass species. At the community level, exotics were less damaged than natives, especially in fertilized communities. Moreover, fertilization increased foliar damage on native species. Finally, fertilization increased exotic dominance only in communities exposed to vertebrate herbivores, and excluding insect herbivores and fungal pathogens reduced exotic dominance regardless of fertilization. At the individual level, species benefitting most from fertilization also benefitted most from exclusion of fungal pathogens and insect herbivores; this relationship was similar for natives and exotics. Within assembled native communities, fertilization increased, and enemy exclusion reduced, exotic dominance. Furthermore, fertilization and enemy exclusion each reduced native colonization of exotic-dominated communities. Together, these results provided partial support for R-ERH. Importantly, they also show that invasions can be driven by multiple independent, not interacting, factors. Advisors/Committee Members: Heckman, Robert, Mitchell, Charles, Bruno, John, Peet, Robert K., Umbanhowar, James, Wright, Justin.

Subjects/Keywords: College of Arts and Sciences; Department of Biology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Heckman, R. (2017). Influences of Natural Enemies and Resource Availability in Biological Invasions by Plants. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:cd5431da-863d-48fa-bb57-d4aaeac2b81d

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Heckman, Robert. “Influences of Natural Enemies and Resource Availability in Biological Invasions by Plants.” 2017. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 26, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:cd5431da-863d-48fa-bb57-d4aaeac2b81d.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Heckman, Robert. “Influences of Natural Enemies and Resource Availability in Biological Invasions by Plants.” 2017. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Heckman R. Influences of Natural Enemies and Resource Availability in Biological Invasions by Plants. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:cd5431da-863d-48fa-bb57-d4aaeac2b81d.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Heckman R. Influences of Natural Enemies and Resource Availability in Biological Invasions by Plants. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2017. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:cd5431da-863d-48fa-bb57-d4aaeac2b81d

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

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Open Access Theses and Dissertations