+publisher:"University of North Carolina" +contributor:("Hurlbert, Allen")

University of North Carolina

1. Becraft, Katie. Foraging Niches and Resource Partitioning Between Three Co-occurring Songbirds in the Southern Appalachians.

Degree: 2013, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:3ff92e53-edc6-47b8-af2a-495fc184538b

► The Black-throated Blue Warbler (Setophaga caerulescens), Black-throated Green Warbler (Setophaga virens), and Blue-headed Vireo (Vireo solitarius) inhabit mixed hardwood and cove forests of the southern… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: College of Arts and Sciences; Curriculum in Environment and Ecology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Becraft, K. (2013). Foraging Niches and Resource Partitioning Between Three Co-occurring Songbirds in the Southern Appalachians. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:3ff92e53-edc6-47b8-af2a-495fc184538b

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Becraft, Katie. “Foraging Niches and Resource Partitioning Between Three Co-occurring Songbirds in the Southern Appalachians.” 2013. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 21, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:3ff92e53-edc6-47b8-af2a-495fc184538b.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Becraft, Katie. “Foraging Niches and Resource Partitioning Between Three Co-occurring Songbirds in the Southern Appalachians.” 2013. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Becraft K. Foraging Niches and Resource Partitioning Between Three Co-occurring Songbirds in the Southern Appalachians. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:3ff92e53-edc6-47b8-af2a-495fc184538b.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Becraft K. Foraging Niches and Resource Partitioning Between Three Co-occurring Songbirds in the Southern Appalachians. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2013. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:3ff92e53-edc6-47b8-af2a-495fc184538b

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

2. OBrien, Rebecca. Variation and Diversification in the Sexual Signals of Spadefoot Toads.

Degree: Biology, 2018, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:3807f5e6-c60e-46f9-9330-520ec5a0cd0e

► Explaining the origins of diversity is an enduring goal in evolutionary ecology, and in few places is this diversity as striking as in sexual signals.… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: College of Arts and Sciences; Department of Biology

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APA (6^th Edition):

OBrien, R. (2018). Variation and Diversification in the Sexual Signals of Spadefoot Toads. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:3807f5e6-c60e-46f9-9330-520ec5a0cd0e

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

OBrien, Rebecca. “Variation and Diversification in the Sexual Signals of Spadefoot Toads.” 2018. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 21, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:3807f5e6-c60e-46f9-9330-520ec5a0cd0e.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

OBrien, Rebecca. “Variation and Diversification in the Sexual Signals of Spadefoot Toads.” 2018. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

OBrien R. Variation and Diversification in the Sexual Signals of Spadefoot Toads. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:3807f5e6-c60e-46f9-9330-520ec5a0cd0e.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

OBrien R. Variation and Diversification in the Sexual Signals of Spadefoot Toads. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2018. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:3807f5e6-c60e-46f9-9330-520ec5a0cd0e

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

3. Evans, Brian. THE ECOLOGY OF BIRDS IN THE URBAN LANDSCAPE: AVIAN COMMUNITY COMPOSITION, DISPERSAL, AND SURVIVAL ACROSS THE RURAL-TO-URBAN GRADIENT IN WASHINGTON D.C.

Degree: 2015, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:ed1cc8b9-dc20-4eea-ac1c-3c56d01fcdce

► Urbanization during the latter half of the twentieth century has altered habitats, restructured wildlife communities, and influenced the range sizes and population dynamics of animal… (more)

▼ Urbanization during the latter half of the twentieth century has altered habitats, restructured wildlife communities, and influenced the range sizes and population dynamics of animal species. While many bird species persist in urban environments, little is known about the consequence of urbanization on birds – in part because urban landscapes confer conflicting pressures, such as exposure to novel predators, and benefits, such as anthropogenic food resources. Here, we explore the influence of urbanization on birds in the Washington D.C. metropolitan area using a unique study design that addresses the community composition, dispersal behavior, and survival of birds across the rural-to-urban gradient within the context of a regional citizen science project. We found supportive evidence for environmental filtering of bird communities by assessing variation in functional diversity as well as the proportional and apparent abundance of avian life history guilds within sites across the rural-to-urban gradient. To address the influence of urbanization on avian dispersal, we explored the degree of permeability of habitats in association with the spatial distribution of four species of birds banded and reencountered in subsequent years. There was supportive evidence that, for two of the four species, the distribution of habitat influences settlement patterns of birds and thus shapes dispersal behavior in human-dominated landscapes. Finally, we used mark-recapture data to assess variation in adult survival across the rural-to-urban gradient to test hypotheses about the processes by which urbanization is expected to influence avian survival. Adult survival was enhanced in suburban and urban habitats for four of our seven focal species and there was no evidence in support of an influence of urban land cover on survival for the remaining species. Taken cumulatively, this research addresses three distinct ecological relationships between birds and their environments and provides a significant advancement in our understanding of the influence of urbanization on wildlife populations. Advisors/Committee Members: Evans, Brian, Hurlbert, Allen, Marra, Peter, Moody, Aaron, Urban, Dean, White, Peter.

Subjects/Keywords: Ecology; College of Arts and Sciences; Curriculum in Environment and Ecology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Evans, B. (2015). THE ECOLOGY OF BIRDS IN THE URBAN LANDSCAPE: AVIAN COMMUNITY COMPOSITION, DISPERSAL, AND SURVIVAL ACROSS THE RURAL-TO-URBAN GRADIENT IN WASHINGTON D.C. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:ed1cc8b9-dc20-4eea-ac1c-3c56d01fcdce

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Evans, Brian. “THE ECOLOGY OF BIRDS IN THE URBAN LANDSCAPE: AVIAN COMMUNITY COMPOSITION, DISPERSAL, AND SURVIVAL ACROSS THE RURAL-TO-URBAN GRADIENT IN WASHINGTON D.C.” 2015. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 21, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:ed1cc8b9-dc20-4eea-ac1c-3c56d01fcdce.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Evans, Brian. “THE ECOLOGY OF BIRDS IN THE URBAN LANDSCAPE: AVIAN COMMUNITY COMPOSITION, DISPERSAL, AND SURVIVAL ACROSS THE RURAL-TO-URBAN GRADIENT IN WASHINGTON D.C.” 2015. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Evans B. THE ECOLOGY OF BIRDS IN THE URBAN LANDSCAPE: AVIAN COMMUNITY COMPOSITION, DISPERSAL, AND SURVIVAL ACROSS THE RURAL-TO-URBAN GRADIENT IN WASHINGTON D.C. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:ed1cc8b9-dc20-4eea-ac1c-3c56d01fcdce.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Evans B. THE ECOLOGY OF BIRDS IN THE URBAN LANDSCAPE: AVIAN COMMUNITY COMPOSITION, DISPERSAL, AND SURVIVAL ACROSS THE RURAL-TO-URBAN GRADIENT IN WASHINGTON D.C. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2015. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:ed1cc8b9-dc20-4eea-ac1c-3c56d01fcdce

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

4. Aldredge, Robert. Examining the causes and consequences of variation in offspring growth and survival in an altricial bird.

Degree: Biology, 2015, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:f56e8172-cd4c-488b-97ec-91596bf8d9a2

► Understanding why parents often produce supernumerary offspring and increase the variation in offspring growth and survival is a fundamental question in evolutionary ecology. This behavior… (more)

▼ Understanding why parents often produce supernumerary offspring and increase the variation in offspring growth and survival is a fundamental question in evolutionary ecology. This behavior occurs primarily in species that live in unpredictable environments and is thought to be an adaptive strategy used by parents to maximize the number of offspring that survive to breed. In this dissertation, I explore both how and why female birds increase the variation in growth and survival of supernumerary offspring. To do this, I collected observational and experimental data over four years in a free-living population of house sparrows. In Chapter 2, I developed a novel technique to uncover variation in growth (e.g. mass change) not detected by conventional analyses. I show that variation in growth occurs when some offspring increase mass slowly, likely owing to a lack of food resources. Some of these offspring recover and increase mass rapidly to approach a similar pre-fledging mass as offspring that do not delay development, whereas others continue to increase mass slowly and are light at fledging. This plasticity in growth likely increases the number of high quality offspring that fledge. In Chapter 3, I tested whether female birds begin embryonic development (incubation) before all eggs are laid either 1) as an adaptive strategy to maximize the number of embryos that survive to hatch or 2) as an adaptive strategy to maximize the number or quality of hatched young that fledge. I show that early incubation occurs too late to maximize survival of all embryos but early enough to reduce growth and survival of late-hatched young. Thus, early incubation likely is a tradeoff between increasing embryo survival and maintaining growth and survival of late-hatched young. Overall, my dissertation shows that house sparrows exhibit considerable plasticity in offspring growth, and that early incubation likely maximizes the number of embryos that survive the incubation and nestling periods to fledge as high quality young. Thus, the variation in offspring growth caused by early incubation may occur as consequence of unique adaptations (prolonged oviposition and parental incubation) for offspring production and development in house sparrows and other birds. Advisors/Committee Members: Aldredge, Robert, Sockman, Keith, Kier, William, Lohmann, Kenneth, Burmeister, Sabrina, Hurlbert, Allen.

Subjects/Keywords: Biology; Evolution; Zoology; College of Arts and Sciences; Department of Biology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Aldredge, R. (2015). Examining the causes and consequences of variation in offspring growth and survival in an altricial bird. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:f56e8172-cd4c-488b-97ec-91596bf8d9a2

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Aldredge, Robert. “Examining the causes and consequences of variation in offspring growth and survival in an altricial bird.” 2015. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 21, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:f56e8172-cd4c-488b-97ec-91596bf8d9a2.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Aldredge, Robert. “Examining the causes and consequences of variation in offspring growth and survival in an altricial bird.” 2015. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Aldredge R. Examining the causes and consequences of variation in offspring growth and survival in an altricial bird. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:f56e8172-cd4c-488b-97ec-91596bf8d9a2.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Aldredge R. Examining the causes and consequences of variation in offspring growth and survival in an altricial bird. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2015. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:f56e8172-cd4c-488b-97ec-91596bf8d9a2

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

5. Lopez, Bianca. The effects of urbanization on riparian forest plant communities in the Research Triangle area of North Carolina.

Degree: 2017, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:febd88c8-db3a-4357-8854-b60ba64844dc

► Ongoing urban development is having profound impacts on ecosystems worldwide, by reducing the amount and connectivity of natural habitat and changing the local environmental conditions.… (more)

▼ Ongoing urban development is having profound impacts on ecosystems worldwide, by reducing the amount and connectivity of natural habitat and changing the local environmental conditions. Despite the ubiquity and the continued growth of urban areas, the effects of urban development on the diversity and composition of plant communities remain poorly understood. In this dissertation, I address this issue by investigating the effects of urban development on patches of remnant riparian forest in the Research Triangle area of North Carolina. To do this, I used a rural-to-urban gradient approach, comparing the plant species and environmental conditions of sites surrounded by different amounts of urban development. I first explored the effects of different “filters” created by urban development on plant biodiversity using structural equation modeling. In this, I tested the predictions of an established conceptual framework and developed a general model that could be used to compare the effects of urbanization on plant biodiversity across cities. I then examined changes in plant species’ functional traits along the rural-to-urban gradient and compared the species and traits found at these sites to high-quality riparian plant communities that represent potential targets for restoration. I found that plant traits change somewhat predictably along an urbanization gradient, particularly with regard to species’ seed dispersal modes, but that traits may not be as useful for predicting which species will establish in urban restoration efforts. Finally, I assessed the ability of environmental variables and spatial variables describing habitat connectivity to explain variation in plant species composition across sites. I found that species with limited dispersal ability showed the strongest signal of dispersal limitation across sites, and that urban development between sites appears to reduce connectivity for these species. This dissertation provides insight into the ways that urban development is altering riparian forests in the Research Triangle, which may have important impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services. My results have implications for land management, restoration, and urban planning in this landscape. Advisors/Committee Members: Lopez, Bianca, White, Peter, Peet, Robert K., Hurlbert, Allen, McHale, Melissa, Urban, Dean.

Subjects/Keywords: College of Arts and Sciences; Curriculum in Environment and Ecology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Lopez, B. (2017). The effects of urbanization on riparian forest plant communities in the Research Triangle area of North Carolina. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:febd88c8-db3a-4357-8854-b60ba64844dc

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lopez, Bianca. “The effects of urbanization on riparian forest plant communities in the Research Triangle area of North Carolina.” 2017. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 21, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:febd88c8-db3a-4357-8854-b60ba64844dc.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lopez, Bianca. “The effects of urbanization on riparian forest plant communities in the Research Triangle area of North Carolina.” 2017. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Lopez B. The effects of urbanization on riparian forest plant communities in the Research Triangle area of North Carolina. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:febd88c8-db3a-4357-8854-b60ba64844dc.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Lopez B. The effects of urbanization on riparian forest plant communities in the Research Triangle area of North Carolina. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2017. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:febd88c8-db3a-4357-8854-b60ba64844dc

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

6. Tessel, Samantha. Dispersal Effects on Species Distribution and Diversity Across Multiple Scales in the Southern Appalachian Mixed Mesophytic Flora.

Degree: 2017, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:a51aff74-59a4-4cba-ad29-80958a351a26

► Seed and spore dispersal play important roles in the spatial distribution of plant species and communities. Though dispersal processes are often thought to be more… (more)

▼ Seed and spore dispersal play important roles in the spatial distribution of plant species and communities. Though dispersal processes are often thought to be more important at larger spatial scales, the distribution patterns of species and plant communities even at small scales can be determined, at least in part, by dispersal. I studied the influence of dispersal in southern Appalachian mixed mesophytic forests by categorizing species by dispersal morphology and by using spatial pattern and habitat connectivity as predictors of species distribution and community composition. All vascular plant species were recorded at three nested sample scales (10000, 1000, and 100 m2), on plots with varying levels of habitat connectivity across the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Models predicting species distributions generally had higher predictive power when incorporating spatial pattern and connectivity, particularly at small scales. Despite wide variation in performance, models of locally dispersing species (species without adaptations to dispersal by wind or vertebrates) were most frequently improved by the addition of spatial predictors. Patterns in plant communities were also compared among dispersal categories, and though it was shown that species without dispersal adaptations were less likely to co-occur, this was more likely to be caused by differences in frequency across dispersal categories than by dispersal limitation per se. Spatial pattern, distance, and connectivity were significant predictors of non-random patterns of species turnover at all scales and were stronger among dispersal-limited species groups. Species with limited dispersal were also less frequent at all three sampling scales than those with adaptations for vertebrate dispersal and had smaller geographic ranges than either wind- or vertebrate-dispersed species. Species with no dispersal adaptations were overrepresented among southern Appalachian endemics and lineages endemic to North America, whereas species dispersed by vertebrates were overrepresented among Tertiary disjunct lineages, and species dispersed by spores were cosmopolitan. Relationships among dispersal and biogeographic affinity reflect the evolutionary history of the mixed mesophytic flora owing to adaptation of dispersal mechanisms to regional environmental conditions, the relative ages of lineages, and the effect of dispersal mechanism on the distributions of plants across time and space. Advisors/Committee Members: Tessel, Samantha, White, Peter, Peet, Robert K., Weakley, Alan S., Urban, Dean, Hurlbert, Allen.

Subjects/Keywords: College of Arts and Sciences; Curriculum in Environment and Ecology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Tessel, S. (2017). Dispersal Effects on Species Distribution and Diversity Across Multiple Scales in the Southern Appalachian Mixed Mesophytic Flora. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:a51aff74-59a4-4cba-ad29-80958a351a26

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tessel, Samantha. “Dispersal Effects on Species Distribution and Diversity Across Multiple Scales in the Southern Appalachian Mixed Mesophytic Flora.” 2017. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 21, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:a51aff74-59a4-4cba-ad29-80958a351a26.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tessel, Samantha. “Dispersal Effects on Species Distribution and Diversity Across Multiple Scales in the Southern Appalachian Mixed Mesophytic Flora.” 2017. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Tessel S. Dispersal Effects on Species Distribution and Diversity Across Multiple Scales in the Southern Appalachian Mixed Mesophytic Flora. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:a51aff74-59a4-4cba-ad29-80958a351a26.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Tessel S. Dispersal Effects on Species Distribution and Diversity Across Multiple Scales in the Southern Appalachian Mixed Mesophytic Flora. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2017. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:a51aff74-59a4-4cba-ad29-80958a351a26

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

7. Halliday, Fletcher. The community ecology of plant parasites: from coinfections to metacommunities.

Degree: Biology, 2017, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:a8696d69-5b67-4e6a-a34a-cabdcf47a321

► New emerging diseases and methodological advances have generated a recent surge in disease ecology research and renewed interest in identifying the ecological processes that structure… (more)

▼ New emerging diseases and methodological advances have generated a recent surge in disease ecology research and renewed interest in identifying the ecological processes that structure parasite communities. Yet ecologists still lack a general framework for understanding the drivers of parasite diversity. Metacommunity theory is a general ecological framework that has been used to understand patterns of community composition in many ecological systems. This dissertation leverages one key insight from metacommunity theory – that multiple processes operate across different spatial and temporal scales to control the composition of local communities – to understand parasite communities within hosts. In this work, I used experimental studies to examine the community ecology of parasites that infect wild host plants over space and time. At the smallest spatial scale, I explored how interactions among parasites in the same host leaf during coinfection alter parasite epidemics. Within host leaves, parasite growth was influenced by coinfections, but coinfections were often prevented by the sequence of parasite infection, generating priority effects within hosts. Coinfections, priority effects, and the severity of infections were altered by host immunity. Scaling up, I found that parasite phenology, which operates across host individuals, altered host susceptibility to secondary infections, parasite interactions, and ultimately the magnitude of parasite epidemics. At the largest spatial scale, I explored how characteristics of host communities influence the diversity of parasite metacommunities. Parasite diversity across host communities depended on host diversity and resource supply to hosts. Host richness alone could not explain most changes in parasite diversity. However, shifting host composition allowed disease amplification, depending on parasite transmission mode. These effects also varied over time: the structure of host communities changed in response to initial host diversity and resource supply to hosts, leading to altered parasite richness and abundance. Together, these results highlight the utility of multiscale approaches to disease ecology. Specifically, integrating concepts from community ecology with information about infectious diseases and host-parasite interactions provides insight into the general mechanisms that control the diversity of parasites across space and time. Advisors/Committee Members: Halliday, Fletcher, Mitchell, Charles, Hurlbert, Allen, Umbanhowar, James, Vilgalys, Rytas, White, Peter.

Subjects/Keywords: College of Arts and Sciences; Department of Biology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Halliday, F. (2017). The community ecology of plant parasites: from coinfections to metacommunities. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:a8696d69-5b67-4e6a-a34a-cabdcf47a321

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Halliday, Fletcher. “The community ecology of plant parasites: from coinfections to metacommunities.” 2017. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 21, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:a8696d69-5b67-4e6a-a34a-cabdcf47a321.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Halliday, Fletcher. “The community ecology of plant parasites: from coinfections to metacommunities.” 2017. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Halliday F. The community ecology of plant parasites: from coinfections to metacommunities. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:a8696d69-5b67-4e6a-a34a-cabdcf47a321.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Halliday F. The community ecology of plant parasites: from coinfections to metacommunities. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2017. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:a8696d69-5b67-4e6a-a34a-cabdcf47a321

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

8. Jenkins, Molly. THE PROPORTION OF CORE SPECIES IN A COMMUNITY VARIES WITH SPATIAL SCALE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HETEROGENEITY.

Degree: 2018, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:5a8f5421-9742-4ce6-b3e2-33f22f940e23

► Ecologists define a community as the set of species successfully reproducing and using resources in a shared space. In lieu of a species list, the… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: College of Arts and Sciences; Curriculum in Environment and Ecology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Jenkins, M. (2018). THE PROPORTION OF CORE SPECIES IN A COMMUNITY VARIES WITH SPATIAL SCALE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HETEROGENEITY. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:5a8f5421-9742-4ce6-b3e2-33f22f940e23

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jenkins, Molly. “THE PROPORTION OF CORE SPECIES IN A COMMUNITY VARIES WITH SPATIAL SCALE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HETEROGENEITY.” 2018. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 21, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:5a8f5421-9742-4ce6-b3e2-33f22f940e23.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jenkins, Molly. “THE PROPORTION OF CORE SPECIES IN A COMMUNITY VARIES WITH SPATIAL SCALE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HETEROGENEITY.” 2018. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Jenkins M. THE PROPORTION OF CORE SPECIES IN A COMMUNITY VARIES WITH SPATIAL SCALE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HETEROGENEITY. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:5a8f5421-9742-4ce6-b3e2-33f22f940e23.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Jenkins M. THE PROPORTION OF CORE SPECIES IN A COMMUNITY VARIES WITH SPATIAL SCALE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HETEROGENEITY. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2018. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:5a8f5421-9742-4ce6-b3e2-33f22f940e23

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

9. Valdivia-Acosta, Abel. Fish assemblages of Caribbean coral reefs: Effects of overfishing on coral communities under climate change.

Degree: Biology, 2014, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:6c855a7e-6071-45fa-87ed-5a02e0718fce

► Coral reefs are threatened worldwide due to local stressors such as overfishing, pollution, and diseases outbreaks, as well as global impacts such as ocean warming.… (more)

▼ Coral reefs are threatened worldwide due to local stressors such as overfishing, pollution, and diseases outbreaks, as well as global impacts such as ocean warming. The persistence of this ecosystem will depend, in part, on addressing local impacts since humanity is failing to control climate change. However, we need a better understanding of how protection from local stressors decreases the susceptibility of reef corals to the effects of climate change across large-spatial scales. My dissertation research evaluates the effects of overfishing on coral reefs under local and global impacts to determine changes in ecological processes across geographical scales. First, as large predatory reef fishes have drastically declined due to fishing, I reconstructed natural baselines of predatory reef fish biomass in the absence of human activities accounting for environmental variability across Caribbean reefs. I found that baselines were variable and site specific; but that contemporary predatory fish biomass was 80-95% lower than the potential carrying capacity of most reef areas, even within marine reserves. Second, I examined the effect of current native predatory reef fishes on controlling the invasion of Pacific lionfish across the Caribbean. Native predators and lionfish abundance were not related, even when predatory capacity was relatively high within certain marine reserves. Third, as herbivorous fishes may facilitate coral recovery after warming events by controlling competitive macroalgae, I evaluated whether major benthic groups, such as hard corals, crustose coralline algae, and macroalgae, were associated with these fish assemblages across Caribbean and Pacific reefs. Although, macroalgae abundance was negatively related to herbivorous fishes across geographical regions, contemporary coral cover showed no association with herbivores abundance after a recent history of thermal stress. Finally, I analyzed the relationship between ~30 years of thermal stress anomalies and coral assemblages in the Caribbean and suggest that recent warming has partially promoted a shift in coral-community composition across the region that compromise reef functionality. My dissertation research highlights the complex interactions among functional groups in coral reefs, local stressors, and environmental variability across geographical scales, and provides novel insights to reevaluate conservation strategies for this ecosystem in a rapidly changing world. Advisors/Committee Members: Valdivia-Acosta, Abel, Bruno, John, Peterson, Charles, Hurlbert, Allen, Baum, Julia, Layman, Craig.

Subjects/Keywords: Ecology; Biology; Macroecology; College of Arts and Sciences; Department of Biology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Valdivia-Acosta, A. (2014). Fish assemblages of Caribbean coral reefs: Effects of overfishing on coral communities under climate change. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:6c855a7e-6071-45fa-87ed-5a02e0718fce

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Valdivia-Acosta, Abel. “Fish assemblages of Caribbean coral reefs: Effects of overfishing on coral communities under climate change.” 2014. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 21, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:6c855a7e-6071-45fa-87ed-5a02e0718fce.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Valdivia-Acosta, Abel. “Fish assemblages of Caribbean coral reefs: Effects of overfishing on coral communities under climate change.” 2014. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Valdivia-Acosta A. Fish assemblages of Caribbean coral reefs: Effects of overfishing on coral communities under climate change. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:6c855a7e-6071-45fa-87ed-5a02e0718fce.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Valdivia-Acosta A. Fish assemblages of Caribbean coral reefs: Effects of overfishing on coral communities under climate change. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2014. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:6c855a7e-6071-45fa-87ed-5a02e0718fce

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

10. Coyle, Jessica. Trait-based Inference of Environmental Constraints on Lichen Epiphyte Communities at Multiple Spatial Scales.

Degree: Biology, 2016, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:b99c29df-28b9-4ff7-b390-b6fcd4fab14d

► Ecological systems respond to processes that operate at a variety of spatial scales. Epiphytic lichens are a useful group for studying community response to cross-scale… (more)

▼ Ecological systems respond to processes that operate at a variety of spatial scales. Epiphytic lichens are a useful group for studying community response to cross-scale environmental variation because tree and forest architecture organize epiphyte communities into discrete hierarchical scales and because lichens’ limited homeostatic ability makes them potentially sensitive environmental indicators. Examining variation in the functional traits of organisms can elucidate the role of the environment in structuring communities because these traits provide a direct link between organismal fitness and environmental filters. For lichens, such trait-based approaches are not yet fully developed. This dissertation examines how lichen traits can provide insight into environmental constraints on communities across multiple spatial scales. The primary goals of this research were to 1) evaluate the extent to which larger-scale processes influence lichen epiphyte communities at smaller scales and 2) assess the utility of functional versus morphological trait-based approaches for understanding community assembly in lichen epiphytes. I utilized a national forest inventory (U.S. Forest Service) and conducted two field-based surveys in temperate deciduous forests across North Carolina (U.S.A.) to assess environmental factors affecting lichen assemblages at three focal scales: forest patches, tree trunks, and individual branches within tree canopies. To evaluate trait-based approaches, I quantified the response of functional and morphological traits to environmental variation at different scales and assessed whether observed relationships were consistent with hypothesized environmental constraints. Results highlighted a previously underappreciated role for larger-scale processes in determining the composition of lichen epiphyte assemblages at multiple scales, but also revealed high community variability at small scales, which was not well accounted for by linear environmental models. This suggests a potentially important role for stochasticity in lichen community formation. Analyses also indicated that future development of trait-based approaches to lichen community studies should focus on quantifiable and functionally interpretable traits rather than the categorical characters used for species identification. This research demonstrates that traits are a useful, but not powerful, tool for understanding processes shaping lichen assemblages. Advisors/Committee Members: Coyle, Jessica, Hurlbert, Allen, Mitchell, Charles, Peet, Robert K., Kingsolver, Joel, Lutzoni, François.

Subjects/Keywords: College of Arts and Sciences; Department of Biology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Coyle, J. (2016). Trait-based Inference of Environmental Constraints on Lichen Epiphyte Communities at Multiple Spatial Scales. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:b99c29df-28b9-4ff7-b390-b6fcd4fab14d

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Coyle, Jessica. “Trait-based Inference of Environmental Constraints on Lichen Epiphyte Communities at Multiple Spatial Scales.” 2016. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 21, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:b99c29df-28b9-4ff7-b390-b6fcd4fab14d.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Coyle, Jessica. “Trait-based Inference of Environmental Constraints on Lichen Epiphyte Communities at Multiple Spatial Scales.” 2016. Web. 21 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Coyle J. Trait-based Inference of Environmental Constraints on Lichen Epiphyte Communities at Multiple Spatial Scales. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 21]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:b99c29df-28b9-4ff7-b390-b6fcd4fab14d.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Coyle J. Trait-based Inference of Environmental Constraints on Lichen Epiphyte Communities at Multiple Spatial Scales. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2016. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:b99c29df-28b9-4ff7-b390-b6fcd4fab14d

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

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