+publisher:"University of North Carolina" +contributor:("Bruno, John")

University of North Carolina

1. Lee, Sarah Christine. Open systems in community ecology: dispersal, diversity, and ecosystem properties.

Degree: Marine Sciences, 2010, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:244b26f3-be9b-4773-b3ae-4b8007ad54d7

► A large fraction of community ecology has focused on processes that operate within communities to control species richness; however, most natural localities are open to… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: College of Arts and Sciences; Department of Marine Sciences

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lee, S. C. (2010). Open systems in community ecology: dispersal, diversity, and ecosystem properties. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:244b26f3-be9b-4773-b3ae-4b8007ad54d7

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lee, Sarah Christine. “Open systems in community ecology: dispersal, diversity, and ecosystem properties.” 2010. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 20, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:244b26f3-be9b-4773-b3ae-4b8007ad54d7.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lee, Sarah Christine. “Open systems in community ecology: dispersal, diversity, and ecosystem properties.” 2010. Web. 20 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Lee SC. Open systems in community ecology: dispersal, diversity, and ecosystem properties. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2010. [cited 2021 Jan 20]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:244b26f3-be9b-4773-b3ae-4b8007ad54d7.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Lee SC. Open systems in community ecology: dispersal, diversity, and ecosystem properties. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2010. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:244b26f3-be9b-4773-b3ae-4b8007ad54d7

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

2. O'Connor, Mary Isabel. Linking physiological rates and community ecology: effects of ocean temperature on dispersal and species interactions.

Degree: 2008, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:13019cf2-ccd1-4031-a68f-b3148b1ba9aa

► Our ability to predict and manage ecological change in the face of climate warming requires an understanding of the influence of climate on critical demographic… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: College of Arts and Sciences; Curriculum in Environment and Ecology

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APA (6^th Edition):

O'Connor, M. I. (2008). Linking physiological rates and community ecology: effects of ocean temperature on dispersal and species interactions. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:13019cf2-ccd1-4031-a68f-b3148b1ba9aa

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

O'Connor, Mary Isabel. “Linking physiological rates and community ecology: effects of ocean temperature on dispersal and species interactions.” 2008. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 20, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:13019cf2-ccd1-4031-a68f-b3148b1ba9aa.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

O'Connor, Mary Isabel. “Linking physiological rates and community ecology: effects of ocean temperature on dispersal and species interactions.” 2008. Web. 20 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

O'Connor MI. Linking physiological rates and community ecology: effects of ocean temperature on dispersal and species interactions. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2008. [cited 2021 Jan 20]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:13019cf2-ccd1-4031-a68f-b3148b1ba9aa.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

O'Connor MI. Linking physiological rates and community ecology: effects of ocean temperature on dispersal and species interactions. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2008. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:13019cf2-ccd1-4031-a68f-b3148b1ba9aa

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

3. Selig, Elizabeth Rose. Effects of changing temperatures on coral reef health: implications for management.

Degree: 2008, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:253471e4-b8d6-4152-96e7-cbc9da92cd13

► Human-induced climate change has already led to substantial changes in a variety of ecosystems. Coral reefs are particularly vulnerable to rises in ocean temperature as… (more)

▼ Human-induced climate change has already led to substantial changes in a variety of ecosystems. Coral reefs are particularly vulnerable to rises in ocean temperature as a result of climate change because they already live near their thermal limits. However, we know little about the spatial patterns of temperature anomalies, areas of greater than usual temperature, which cause coral mortality and increased rates of coral disease. These gaps in knowledge make it difficult to design effective management strategies for mitigating the effects of ocean warming. My dissertation research uses a combination of a new satellite ocean temperature dataset, field surveys on coral health, and data on marine protected area (MPA) boundaries to analyze how ocean temperatures are affecting coral reef health at regional and global scales. I discovered that temperature anomalies are spatially and temporally variable from 1985-2005 even during El Niño events. They are also typically less than 50 km2, smaller than the resolution of many climate models. In addition, I found a strong relationship on the Great Barrier Reef between the number of temperature anomalies and the number of cases of white syndrome, a prevalent coral disease. Results from this study suggest that temperature anomalies are playing a major role in the observed decline of coral reefs over the last 30-40 years. This decline highlights the importance of determining whether MPAs, one of the most common management tools are effective in restoring coral cover. My analyses demonstrated that MPAs can confer some ecosystem resilience through fisheries management and land management practices at regional scales. Coral cover on reefs inside of MPAs did not change over time, while unprotected reefs experienced declines in coral cover. However, MPAs do not moderate the effect of thermal stress on corals or reduce coral decline at rates that can offset losses from thermal stress and other major natural and human-caused disturbances. MPAs are clearly a key tool in the management of fisheries and coral reef health. My dissertation research underscores the need for both MPAs and additional measures aimed at reducing the anthropogenic activities driving climate change. Advisors/Committee Members: Selig, Elizabeth Rose, Bruno, John.

Subjects/Keywords: College of Arts and Sciences; Curriculum in Environment and Ecology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Selig, E. R. (2008). Effects of changing temperatures on coral reef health: implications for management. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:253471e4-b8d6-4152-96e7-cbc9da92cd13

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Selig, Elizabeth Rose. “Effects of changing temperatures on coral reef health: implications for management.” 2008. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 20, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:253471e4-b8d6-4152-96e7-cbc9da92cd13.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Selig, Elizabeth Rose. “Effects of changing temperatures on coral reef health: implications for management.” 2008. Web. 20 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Selig ER. Effects of changing temperatures on coral reef health: implications for management. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2008. [cited 2021 Jan 20]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:253471e4-b8d6-4152-96e7-cbc9da92cd13.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Selig ER. Effects of changing temperatures on coral reef health: implications for management. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2008. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:253471e4-b8d6-4152-96e7-cbc9da92cd13

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

4. Reynolds, Pamela Lynn. The ecology of fear in estuarine communities: cascading effects of multiple predators.

Degree: Biology, 2011, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:2c7e3a30-1541-44a4-ae5d-0fb23ec63767

► The role of predation has long influenced our understanding of ecological processes from the individual to the landscape level. Recent interest in the role of… (more)

▼ The role of predation has long influenced our understanding of ecological processes from the individual to the landscape level. Recent interest in the role of nonconsumptive effects of predators, or the consequences of prey defensive behaviors in response to predation risk, has revolutionized how ecologists perceive the role of predators in ecological communities. From focusing on how individual predators affect prey risk taking behaviors and foraging tactics, to the consequences of these behavioral shifts for ecosystem functions and services including primary production, nutrient cycling and energy transfer, we now know that the mere presence of predators can sometimes be more important than their lethal effects on prey density. However, predicting the cascading effects of multiple predator assemblages is often challenging and counterintuitive due to the consequences of behavioral interactions among predators and their prey. I tested the effects of predator presence, identity and richness on prey and basal resources in field and mesocosm experiments based on estuarine communities. By allowing predators to scare but not consume their prey, I examined the generality of nonconsumptive predator effects in these systems across multiple predator species. Predators had varying effects on prey density and the strength of a given prey antipredator behavior, with cascading effects on prey populations and resource dynamics over time. The presence of multiple predators heightened prey antipredator behavior, including reductions in foraging rates, and promoted basal resources despite changes in predation risk. Changes in predator diversity may have profound consequences for marine communities by altering the strength of both consumptive and nonconsumptive predator-prey interactions, with consequences for the strength of a trophic cascade. Complex food web models incorporating both consumptive and nonconsumptive pathways are necessary to understand and predict the effects of ongoing declines in predator abundance and diversity. Advisors/Committee Members: Reynolds, Pamela Lynn, Bruno, John, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Subjects/Keywords: College of Arts and Sciences; Department of Biology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Reynolds, P. L. (2011). The ecology of fear in estuarine communities: cascading effects of multiple predators. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:2c7e3a30-1541-44a4-ae5d-0fb23ec63767

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Reynolds, Pamela Lynn. “The ecology of fear in estuarine communities: cascading effects of multiple predators.” 2011. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 20, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:2c7e3a30-1541-44a4-ae5d-0fb23ec63767.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Reynolds, Pamela Lynn. “The ecology of fear in estuarine communities: cascading effects of multiple predators.” 2011. Web. 20 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Reynolds PL. The ecology of fear in estuarine communities: cascading effects of multiple predators. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 20]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:2c7e3a30-1541-44a4-ae5d-0fb23ec63767.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Reynolds PL. The ecology of fear in estuarine communities: cascading effects of multiple predators. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2011. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:2c7e3a30-1541-44a4-ae5d-0fb23ec63767

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

5. Jass, Theodore. Environmental Controls on the Growth of Dune-Building Grasses and the Effect of Plant Morphology on Coastal Foredune Formation.

Degree: Geological Sciences, 2015, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:7c0e5554-530e-4e1a-9051-beaf5e02a872

► Vegetated coastal foredunes protect habitats and infrastructure from storm-driven flooding. To improve understanding of foredune formation and morphology by quantifying the relationship between plant growth… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Geomorphology; Ecology; College of Arts and Sciences; Department of Geological Sciences

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APA (6^th Edition):

Jass, T. (2015). Environmental Controls on the Growth of Dune-Building Grasses and the Effect of Plant Morphology on Coastal Foredune Formation. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:7c0e5554-530e-4e1a-9051-beaf5e02a872

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jass, Theodore. “Environmental Controls on the Growth of Dune-Building Grasses and the Effect of Plant Morphology on Coastal Foredune Formation.” 2015. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 20, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:7c0e5554-530e-4e1a-9051-beaf5e02a872.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jass, Theodore. “Environmental Controls on the Growth of Dune-Building Grasses and the Effect of Plant Morphology on Coastal Foredune Formation.” 2015. Web. 20 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Jass T. Environmental Controls on the Growth of Dune-Building Grasses and the Effect of Plant Morphology on Coastal Foredune Formation. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 20]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:7c0e5554-530e-4e1a-9051-beaf5e02a872.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Jass T. Environmental Controls on the Growth of Dune-Building Grasses and the Effect of Plant Morphology on Coastal Foredune Formation. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2015. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:7c0e5554-530e-4e1a-9051-beaf5e02a872

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

6. Carr, Lindsey. Effects of spatiotemporal variation on benthic community dynamics in the Galapagos Islands.

Degree: Biology, 2016, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:b26206aa-14c3-410a-8d5f-aaa33dbb5845

► Temperature can affect population and community level processes, via strong and predictable effects on individual metabolism. Metabolic Scaling Theory (MST) 1) describes how individual metabolic… (more)

▼ Temperature can affect population and community level processes, via strong and predictable effects on individual metabolism. Metabolic Scaling Theory (MST) 1) describes how individual metabolic rates scale with temperature, and 2) generates mechanistic predictions based on how this response to temperature variation will drive ecological pattern and process. For example, temperature can influence trophic interactions via differential metabolic scaling of predator and prey metabolic rates. More specifically, metabolic theory and experiments indicate warmer temperatures can increase the top-down effects of herbivores on plant biomass, resulting in depleted standing plant biomass. Yet there are few studies that have tested metabolic scaling theory in the ocean across natural, in situ, environmental gradients. The Galapagos Islands is the ideal system for testing metabolic scaling theory in situ because the Archipelago is at the center of several different oceanographic currents (tropical, subtropical and upwelled water), resulting in enormous variation in water temperature (11°C - 31°C). Upwelling is the wind-driven process of cold, nutrient-rich subsurface water replacing warm, nutrient-poor surface water. Also, even though community composition differs across the Archipelago due to oceanographic conditions, there is a suite of organisms that are present across the Islands throughout the year. For my doctoral dissertation research, I quantified benthic community patterns across the Islands and related community composition and biomass to temperature. I also tested metabolic scaling theory in the Galapagos Islands via lab experiments, in situ grazing assays, and a long-term exclusion experiment. Further, to examine the generality of temperature variation in upwelling systems, I analyzed in situ temperature data from five upwelling regions and examined differences in thermal regimes between the regions. I then related this temperature variation to local grazer-algal interactions. Overall, my findings provide evidence for a mechanistic link between temperature and grazing rates and suggest temperature-mediated herbivory could be important in influencing benthic community patterns in upwelling systems. Advisors/Committee Members: Carr, Lindsey, Bruno, John, Fodrie, F. Joel, Witman, Jon, Peet, Robert K., Umbanhowar, James.

Subjects/Keywords: College of Arts and Sciences; Department of Biology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Carr, L. (2016). Effects of spatiotemporal variation on benthic community dynamics in the Galapagos Islands. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:b26206aa-14c3-410a-8d5f-aaa33dbb5845

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Carr, Lindsey. “Effects of spatiotemporal variation on benthic community dynamics in the Galapagos Islands.” 2016. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 20, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:b26206aa-14c3-410a-8d5f-aaa33dbb5845.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Carr, Lindsey. “Effects of spatiotemporal variation on benthic community dynamics in the Galapagos Islands.” 2016. Web. 20 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Carr L. Effects of spatiotemporal variation on benthic community dynamics in the Galapagos Islands. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 20]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:b26206aa-14c3-410a-8d5f-aaa33dbb5845.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Carr L. Effects of spatiotemporal variation on benthic community dynamics in the Galapagos Islands. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2016. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:b26206aa-14c3-410a-8d5f-aaa33dbb5845

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

7. Welsh, Miranda. Trait-based variation in host contribution to pathogen transmission.

Degree: 2016, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:51f7c39a-3dfe-4915-9285-db7e7614e1df

► Host competence defines a host’s potential to transmit disease, and, from the perspective of a pathogen, a good host is a competent one. Highly competent… (more)

▼ Host competence defines a host’s potential to transmit disease, and, from the perspective of a pathogen, a good host is a competent one. Highly competent hosts boost transmission, increase the size of epidemics, and promote emergence in new host populations. From a host’s perspective, competent hosts increase disease risk, and control efforts are more successful when competent hosts can be rapidly identified and targeted. Competence varies widely both within and among host species, and this variation is generally quantified observationally, on a case-by-case basis. While locally effective, this approach limits our ability to successfully control pathogens that emerge in new hosts or novel conditions. To this end, I tested whether the functional traits of hosts can predict host competence. These traits include host physiological, morphological, and life-history characteristics. I focused on functional traits for two reasons: 1) several functional traits have demonstrated effects on host-pathogen or host-vector interactions, and 2) functional traits have provided a useful framework for developing general, predictive models of ecological processes in both simple and complex systems (e.g., competition, community assembly). In developing and testing trait-based models of host competence, my overarching goal was to contribute to a mechanistic understanding of disease processes and to promote synthesis across models of disease and community dynamics. Across 23 hosts of a generalist, vector-borne pathogen, hosts functional traits covaried along a single, general axis of ecological strategy. This axis ran from traits associated with slow growth and resource conservation to traits associated with fast growth and resource acquisition. As hosts became more fast-growing along this axis, they became more likely to acquire and transmit pathogen infection, but they were also more impacted by infection. This suggests that fast-growing hosts contribute disproportionately to transmission, but slow-growing hosts may encourage pathogen persistence. Trait-based models of competence could become less accurate in two cases: 1) when applied at the individual instead of the species level, and 2) when hosts were exposed to novel environments. Combined, my results demonstrate the potential for trait-based approaches to improve forecasts of pathogen transmission and emergence, and also illustrate two important caveats to their application. Advisors/Committee Members: Welsh, Miranda, Mitchell, Charles, Bruno, John, Hoffmann, William, Moody, Aaron, Umbanhowar, James.

Subjects/Keywords: College of Arts and Sciences; Curriculum in Environment and Ecology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Welsh, M. (2016). Trait-based variation in host contribution to pathogen transmission. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:51f7c39a-3dfe-4915-9285-db7e7614e1df

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Welsh, Miranda. “Trait-based variation in host contribution to pathogen transmission.” 2016. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 20, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:51f7c39a-3dfe-4915-9285-db7e7614e1df.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Welsh, Miranda. “Trait-based variation in host contribution to pathogen transmission.” 2016. Web. 20 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Welsh M. Trait-based variation in host contribution to pathogen transmission. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 20]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:51f7c39a-3dfe-4915-9285-db7e7614e1df.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Welsh M. Trait-based variation in host contribution to pathogen transmission. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2016. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:51f7c39a-3dfe-4915-9285-db7e7614e1df

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

8. Brothers, Roger. POPULATION LEVEL AND BEHAVIORAL INVESTIGATIONS OF GEOMAGNETIC IMPRINTING AND NATAL HOMING IN SEA TURTLES.

Degree: Biology, 2018, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:8d5cd5c9-7951-48ae-ad3a-253cc645fa35

► Diverse animals migrate long distances before returning as adults to reproduce in the same location where they began life. This phenomenon, called natal homing, is… (more)

▼ Diverse animals migrate long distances before returning as adults to reproduce in the same location where they began life. This phenomenon, called natal homing, is exemplified by sea turtles. Turtles travel immense distances through seemingly featureless open ocean and sometimes cross entire ocean basins before laying eggs on the same stretch of coastline where they themselves hatched. Although natal homing is widespread among sea turtles, how it is accomplished has remained a long-standing mystery of animal behavior. One idea, called the geomagnetic imprinting hypothesis notes that Earth’s magnetic field varies across the globe; as a result different geographic areas are characterized by different magnetic fields. Therefore, animals that derive navigational information from Earth’s field might learn the magnetic signature that marks their natal area when they are young and use this information to return as adults. This hypothesis carries with it two central tenets: Firstly, it proposes that adult animals use magnetic navigation to guide reproductive migrations to the natal area. Secondly, it suggests that young animals learn the local magnetic field of the natal location prior to leaving. The research presented hereafter provides evidence that sea turtles use Earth’s magnetic field to accomplish natal homing. Results from a behavioral experiment indicate that adults use magnetic navigation to guide their nesting migrations and return to the natal beach. Additional findings examine the ecological implications of geomagnetic imprinting; as predicted by the hypothesis, population level analyses revealed that natural changes in Earth’s field result in detectable shifts in where sea turtles choose to nest. Moreover, spatial variation in Earth’s field is strongly related to genetic differentiation between nesting beaches suggesting that magnetic navigation can play a role in shaping population genetic structure. Finally, evidence indicates that sea turtle embryos orient non-randomly inside the egg and might use Earth’s magnetic field to do so. Taken together these findings represent four independent lines of evidence that are consistent with geomagnetic imprinting and suggest that turtles use Earth’s magnetic field to accomplish natal homing. The results provide insight into an enigmatic phenomenon in animal behavior and are likely applicable to diverse migratory animals. Advisors/Committee Members: Brothers, Roger, Lohmann, Kenneth, Bruno, John, Johnsen, Sönke, Sockman, Keith, Wiley, R. Haven.

Subjects/Keywords: College of Arts and Sciences; Department of Biology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Brothers, R. (2018). POPULATION LEVEL AND BEHAVIORAL INVESTIGATIONS OF GEOMAGNETIC IMPRINTING AND NATAL HOMING IN SEA TURTLES. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:8d5cd5c9-7951-48ae-ad3a-253cc645fa35

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Brothers, Roger. “POPULATION LEVEL AND BEHAVIORAL INVESTIGATIONS OF GEOMAGNETIC IMPRINTING AND NATAL HOMING IN SEA TURTLES.” 2018. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 20, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:8d5cd5c9-7951-48ae-ad3a-253cc645fa35.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Brothers, Roger. “POPULATION LEVEL AND BEHAVIORAL INVESTIGATIONS OF GEOMAGNETIC IMPRINTING AND NATAL HOMING IN SEA TURTLES.” 2018. Web. 20 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Brothers R. POPULATION LEVEL AND BEHAVIORAL INVESTIGATIONS OF GEOMAGNETIC IMPRINTING AND NATAL HOMING IN SEA TURTLES. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 20]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:8d5cd5c9-7951-48ae-ad3a-253cc645fa35.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Brothers R. POPULATION LEVEL AND BEHAVIORAL INVESTIGATIONS OF GEOMAGNETIC IMPRINTING AND NATAL HOMING IN SEA TURTLES. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2018. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:8d5cd5c9-7951-48ae-ad3a-253cc645fa35

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

9. Hackerott, Serena. The effect of invasive lionfish on reef fish community structure along the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef.

Degree: Marine Sciences, 2014, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:b5c0786f-703c-4e05-abf1-895ab516d744

► Lionfish are invasive predators, native to the Indo-Pacific, assumed to be negatively affecting Caribbean coral reefs. Small-scale studies suggest lionfish can reduce the abundance and… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Ecology; Biology; Conservation biology; College of Arts and Sciences; Department of Marine Sciences

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Hackerott, S. (2014). The effect of invasive lionfish on reef fish community structure along the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:b5c0786f-703c-4e05-abf1-895ab516d744

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hackerott, Serena. “The effect of invasive lionfish on reef fish community structure along the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef.” 2014. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 20, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:b5c0786f-703c-4e05-abf1-895ab516d744.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hackerott, Serena. “The effect of invasive lionfish on reef fish community structure along the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef.” 2014. Web. 20 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Hackerott S. The effect of invasive lionfish on reef fish community structure along the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 20]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:b5c0786f-703c-4e05-abf1-895ab516d744.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Hackerott S. The effect of invasive lionfish on reef fish community structure along the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2014. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:b5c0786f-703c-4e05-abf1-895ab516d744

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

10. Valdivia-Acosta, Abel. Fish assemblages of Caribbean coral reefs: Effects of overfishing on coral communities under climate change.

Degree: Biology, 2014, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:6c855a7e-6071-45fa-87ed-5a02e0718fce

► Coral reefs are threatened worldwide due to local stressors such as overfishing, pollution, and diseases outbreaks, as well as global impacts such as ocean warming.… (more)

▼ Coral reefs are threatened worldwide due to local stressors such as overfishing, pollution, and diseases outbreaks, as well as global impacts such as ocean warming. The persistence of this ecosystem will depend, in part, on addressing local impacts since humanity is failing to control climate change. However, we need a better understanding of how protection from local stressors decreases the susceptibility of reef corals to the effects of climate change across large-spatial scales. My dissertation research evaluates the effects of overfishing on coral reefs under local and global impacts to determine changes in ecological processes across geographical scales. First, as large predatory reef fishes have drastically declined due to fishing, I reconstructed natural baselines of predatory reef fish biomass in the absence of human activities accounting for environmental variability across Caribbean reefs. I found that baselines were variable and site specific; but that contemporary predatory fish biomass was 80-95% lower than the potential carrying capacity of most reef areas, even within marine reserves. Second, I examined the effect of current native predatory reef fishes on controlling the invasion of Pacific lionfish across the Caribbean. Native predators and lionfish abundance were not related, even when predatory capacity was relatively high within certain marine reserves. Third, as herbivorous fishes may facilitate coral recovery after warming events by controlling competitive macroalgae, I evaluated whether major benthic groups, such as hard corals, crustose coralline algae, and macroalgae, were associated with these fish assemblages across Caribbean and Pacific reefs. Although, macroalgae abundance was negatively related to herbivorous fishes across geographical regions, contemporary coral cover showed no association with herbivores abundance after a recent history of thermal stress. Finally, I analyzed the relationship between ~30 years of thermal stress anomalies and coral assemblages in the Caribbean and suggest that recent warming has partially promoted a shift in coral-community composition across the region that compromise reef functionality. My dissertation research highlights the complex interactions among functional groups in coral reefs, local stressors, and environmental variability across geographical scales, and provides novel insights to reevaluate conservation strategies for this ecosystem in a rapidly changing world. Advisors/Committee Members: Valdivia-Acosta, Abel, Bruno, John, Peterson, Charles, Hurlbert, Allen, Baum, Julia, Layman, Craig.

Subjects/Keywords: Ecology; Biology; Macroecology; College of Arts and Sciences; Department of Biology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Valdivia-Acosta, A. (2014). Fish assemblages of Caribbean coral reefs: Effects of overfishing on coral communities under climate change. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:6c855a7e-6071-45fa-87ed-5a02e0718fce

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Valdivia-Acosta, Abel. “Fish assemblages of Caribbean coral reefs: Effects of overfishing on coral communities under climate change.” 2014. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 20, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:6c855a7e-6071-45fa-87ed-5a02e0718fce.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Valdivia-Acosta, Abel. “Fish assemblages of Caribbean coral reefs: Effects of overfishing on coral communities under climate change.” 2014. Web. 20 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Valdivia-Acosta A. Fish assemblages of Caribbean coral reefs: Effects of overfishing on coral communities under climate change. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 20]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:6c855a7e-6071-45fa-87ed-5a02e0718fce.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Valdivia-Acosta A. Fish assemblages of Caribbean coral reefs: Effects of overfishing on coral communities under climate change. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2014. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:6c855a7e-6071-45fa-87ed-5a02e0718fce

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

11. Gittman, Rachel. THE LIVING SHORELINE APPROACH AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO SHORELINE HARDENING: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICE DELIVERY OF SALT MARSHES.

Degree: 2014, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:dc218110-e968-400b-946a-a81182afb9fa

► Foundation species, such as marsh plants, mangroves, seagrasses, corals, and oysters, form some of the most valuable and threatened habitats in the world. The loss… (more)

▼ Foundation species, such as marsh plants, mangroves, seagrasses, corals, and oysters, form some of the most valuable and threatened habitats in the world. The loss of these coastal habitat-forming species often results in significant changes in community structure and ecosystem-service delivery. Therefore, understanding how both biotic (e.g., herbivory) and abiotic (e.g., drought) factors can alter foundation species' structure is critical for promoting resilience to anthropogenic stressors. My dissertation focused on how physical and biological processes regulate salt marshes, and how coastal development, specifically shoreline hardening, affects two marsh ecosystem services: erosion protection and habitat provision for marine fauna. Marsh cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) is a highly productive foundation species that can inhibit coastal erosion. However, anoxic stress can allow marsh periwinkles to overgraze marshes, resulting in marsh die-off. Burrowing crabs can alleviate anoxic stress (via sediment bioturbation) and thus can potentially sustain marsh productivity. From field experiments (Ch.1), I found that crab bioturbation allowed Spartina to compensate for biomass losses from periwinkle grazing. Unfortunately, shoreline hardening (construction of bulkhead or riprap structures) can reduce marsh access for burrowing crabs and thus increase sediment anoxia, preventing marshes from keeping pace with overgrazing. In Ch. 2, I quantified the prevalence of shoreline hardening in the United States and found that 14% of the shoreline is hardened. Housing density is positively correlated with hardening along the Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf sheltered coasts. With projected accelerated population growth along U.S. coasts, marshes may be lost to future shoreline hardening. Heightened awareness of adverse effects of shoreline hardening has increased demand for "living shorelines". Living shorelines include marsh plantings with or without offshore sills. My field surveys of different shoreline types show that living shorelines provide superior erosion protection to bulkheads during a Category 1 hurricane (Ch. 3). Further, by sampling marine fauna in hardened and living shoreline habitats, I show that living shorelines provide better habitat for fish and crustaceans than hardened shorelines lacking marsh (Ch. 4). Therefore, although shoreline hardening is still commonly used for erosion protection, marshes may prevent erosion better than bulkheads during storm events, while also serving as valuable habitat. Advisors/Committee Members: Gittman, Rachel, Bruno, John, Peterson, Charles, Currin, Carolyn, Piehler, Michael, Rodriguez, Antonio.

Subjects/Keywords: Ecology; College of Arts and Sciences; Curriculum in Environment and Ecology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Gittman, R. (2014). THE LIVING SHORELINE APPROACH AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO SHORELINE HARDENING: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICE DELIVERY OF SALT MARSHES. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:dc218110-e968-400b-946a-a81182afb9fa

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gittman, Rachel. “THE LIVING SHORELINE APPROACH AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO SHORELINE HARDENING: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICE DELIVERY OF SALT MARSHES.” 2014. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 20, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:dc218110-e968-400b-946a-a81182afb9fa.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gittman, Rachel. “THE LIVING SHORELINE APPROACH AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO SHORELINE HARDENING: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICE DELIVERY OF SALT MARSHES.” 2014. Web. 20 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Gittman R. THE LIVING SHORELINE APPROACH AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO SHORELINE HARDENING: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICE DELIVERY OF SALT MARSHES. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 20]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:dc218110-e968-400b-946a-a81182afb9fa.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Gittman R. THE LIVING SHORELINE APPROACH AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO SHORELINE HARDENING: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICE DELIVERY OF SALT MARSHES. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2014. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:dc218110-e968-400b-946a-a81182afb9fa

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

12. Wilfahrt, Peter. From old fields to forests: Understanding plant successional dynamics through the lens of functional traits.

Degree: 2016, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:272c2d03-12ae-40e5-a066-b837e760f35f

► Vegetative succession describes the turnover of plant species through time. This turnover enables coexistence of species temporally, but also spatially as different locations co-occur at… (more)

▼ Vegetative succession describes the turnover of plant species through time. This turnover enables coexistence of species temporally, but also spatially as different locations co-occur at different successional stages. Moreover, the suite of species that occupy different successional stages varies due to heterogeneous environments across both local and regional spatial scales. Understanding the processes that underlie succession as well as those that drive spatial variation in the species that comprise similar successional stages is a central goal in ecology. In order to understand these processes in this dissertation, I recast species into functional traits that connect species physiologies to their environments. Using a suite of traits thought to influence species success at various stages of succession, I examine functional trait changes through time in plant communities of the eastern US. Chapters 2 and 3 use an old field experiment to examine how soil nutrients and plant enemies influence temporal dynamics of early secondary succession by examining species-level trait responses (Chapter 2) and community-level trait responses (Chapter 3). Old fields are important and well-studied community types due to their frequency in the landscape and lend themselves well to experimental manipulation given the relatively rapid life cycles and small stature of their constituent herbaceous species. Chapters 4 and 5 use a continental-scale forest database to examine similar processes in trees, albeit at larger spatial and temporal gradients. Chapter 4 uses a space-for-time substitute approach to ask how tree community traits change along a forest age gradient, while Chapter 5 asks how traits of tree seedling communities respond to forest disturbances using resampled plots. In Chapter 6, I synthesize my findings on trait responses to successional gradients in these two distinct successional stages. Overall, I found that seed mass, indicative of dispersal strategy, and investment in structural biomass (plant height and wood density) capture plant successional strategies. Leaf traits, however, did not consistently vary with succession or the manipulated environmental gradients in the old field experiment. Rather, leaf traits displayed large, unexplained variation across space, suggesting that they are responding to processes related to spatial heterogeneity independent of succession. Advisors/Committee Members: Wilfahrt, Peter, White, Peter, Peet, Robert K., Mitchell, Charles, Bruno, John, Wright, Justin.

Subjects/Keywords: College of Arts and Sciences; Curriculum in Environment and Ecology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Wilfahrt, P. (2016). From old fields to forests: Understanding plant successional dynamics through the lens of functional traits. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:272c2d03-12ae-40e5-a066-b837e760f35f

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wilfahrt, Peter. “From old fields to forests: Understanding plant successional dynamics through the lens of functional traits.” 2016. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 20, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:272c2d03-12ae-40e5-a066-b837e760f35f.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wilfahrt, Peter. “From old fields to forests: Understanding plant successional dynamics through the lens of functional traits.” 2016. Web. 20 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Wilfahrt P. From old fields to forests: Understanding plant successional dynamics through the lens of functional traits. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 20]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:272c2d03-12ae-40e5-a066-b837e760f35f.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wilfahrt P. From old fields to forests: Understanding plant successional dynamics through the lens of functional traits. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2016. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:272c2d03-12ae-40e5-a066-b837e760f35f

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

13. Tarasi, Dennis. Community Interactions and Impacts of Exotic Plant Species in the Southeastern United States.

Degree: 2016, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:468a6ab3-fcc7-42da-b30a-aa2707efc511

► Native to other regions of the world, exotic species can disrupt the ecology and function of natural areas where they are introduced. Exotic species successfully… (more)

▼ Native to other regions of the world, exotic species can disrupt the ecology and function of natural areas where they are introduced. Exotic species successfully establish in and dominate natural areas via multiple pathways and ecological processes. Given that many of these interactions remain difficult to measure, it is imperative to properly identify environmental factors that predict exotic species success and quantify the impacts of exotic species dominance on natural communities. Here, I explore the interactions between exotic plant species and communities where they have been introduced in the southeastern United States to address the predictors of invasion, community responses to invasion and subsequent removal of dominant invaders. Chapter 2 considers whether biotic communities predictably incorporate or resist exotic species by examining the relationship between native species richness and exotic species richness at multiple spatial scales across a broad range of environmental conditions. Chapter 3 explores the predictive ability of environmental characteristics concerning exotic species success in a large vegetation database. Chapter 4 quantifies the abiotic and biotic community changes with invasion of a dominant exotic shrub, including assessments of species diversity and the physical structure of the community. Chapter 5 assesses the abiotic community differences resulting from exotic shrub invasion, including abiotic responses to removal of that dominant shrub from the community. Exotic species success generally and predictably responds to changes in the scale of observation and local environmental conditions. Several environmental characteristics correlate with exotic species success, including soil pH, calcium, tree stem density and cover of wetland species. The unique predictive ability of any individual variable remains limited, reflecting the complex interactions driving exotic species success and the differences among exotic species. Invaded communities exhibit several distinct responses to exotic species dominance, including changes in both richness and physical forest structure. Such changes must be considered in context, as invaders of similar structure, function and origin differentially affect the communities they invade. Although shrub invasions, and the subsequent removal of dominant invaders, may cause demonstrable abiotic changes in the community, such as in temperature and light availability, responses in soil moisture and nutrient levels are limited. Advisors/Committee Members: Tarasi, Dennis, Peet, Robert K., Bruno, John, Weakley, Alan S., White, Peter, Wright, Justin.

Subjects/Keywords: College of Arts and Sciences; Curriculum in Environment and Ecology

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Tarasi, D. (2016). Community Interactions and Impacts of Exotic Plant Species in the Southeastern United States. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:468a6ab3-fcc7-42da-b30a-aa2707efc511

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tarasi, Dennis. “Community Interactions and Impacts of Exotic Plant Species in the Southeastern United States.” 2016. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 20, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:468a6ab3-fcc7-42da-b30a-aa2707efc511.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tarasi, Dennis. “Community Interactions and Impacts of Exotic Plant Species in the Southeastern United States.” 2016. Web. 20 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Tarasi D. Community Interactions and Impacts of Exotic Plant Species in the Southeastern United States. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 20]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:468a6ab3-fcc7-42da-b30a-aa2707efc511.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Tarasi D. Community Interactions and Impacts of Exotic Plant Species in the Southeastern United States. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2016. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:468a6ab3-fcc7-42da-b30a-aa2707efc511

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

14. Tarasi, Dennis. Community Interactions and Impacts of Exotic Plant Species in the Southeastern United States.

Degree: 2016, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:b222ecd7-9647-468f-9656-542dc7288d3e

► Native to other regions of the world, exotic species can disrupt the ecology and function of natural areas where they are introduced. Exotic species successfully… (more)

▼ Native to other regions of the world, exotic species can disrupt the ecology and function of natural areas where they are introduced. Exotic species successfully establish in and dominate natural areas via multiple pathways and ecological processes. Given that many of these interactions remain difficult to measure, it is imperative to properly identify environmental factors that predict exotic species success and quantify the impacts of exotic species dominance on natural communities. Here, I explore the interactions between exotic plant species and communities where they have been introduced in the southeastern United States to address the predictors of invasion, community responses to invasion and subsequent removal of dominant invaders. Chapter 2 considers whether biotic communities predictably incorporate or resist exotic species by examining the relationship between native species richness and exotic species richness at multiple spatial scales across a broad range of environmental conditions. Chapter 3 explores the predictive ability of environmental characteristics concerning exotic species success in a large vegetation database. Chapter 4 quantifies the abiotic and biotic community changes with invasion of a dominant exotic shrub, including assessments of species diversity and the physical structure of the community. Chapter 5 assesses the abiotic community differences resulting from exotic shrub invasion, including abiotic responses to removal of that dominant shrub from the community. Exotic species success generally and predictably responds to changes in the scale of observation and local environmental conditions. Several environmental characteristics correlate with exotic species success, including soil pH, calcium, tree stem density and cover of wetland species. The unique predictive ability of any individual variable remains limited, reflecting the complex interactions driving exotic species success and the differences among exotic species. Invaded communities exhibit several distinct responses to exotic species dominance, including changes in both richness and physical forest structure. Such changes must be considered in context, as invaders of similar structure, function and origin differentially affect the communities they invade. Although shrub invasions, and the subsequent removal of dominant invaders, may cause demonstrable abiotic changes in the community, such as in temperature and light availability, responses in soil moisture and nutrient levels are limited. Advisors/Committee Members: Tarasi, Dennis, Peet, Robert K., Bruno, John, Weakley, Alan S., White, Peter, Wright, Justin.

Subjects/Keywords: College of Arts and Sciences; Curriculum in Environment and Ecology

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Tarasi, D. (2016). Community Interactions and Impacts of Exotic Plant Species in the Southeastern United States. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:b222ecd7-9647-468f-9656-542dc7288d3e

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tarasi, Dennis. “Community Interactions and Impacts of Exotic Plant Species in the Southeastern United States.” 2016. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 20, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:b222ecd7-9647-468f-9656-542dc7288d3e.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tarasi, Dennis. “Community Interactions and Impacts of Exotic Plant Species in the Southeastern United States.” 2016. Web. 20 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Tarasi D. Community Interactions and Impacts of Exotic Plant Species in the Southeastern United States. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 20]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:b222ecd7-9647-468f-9656-542dc7288d3e.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Tarasi D. Community Interactions and Impacts of Exotic Plant Species in the Southeastern United States. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2016. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:b222ecd7-9647-468f-9656-542dc7288d3e

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

15. Heckman, Robert. Influences of Natural Enemies and Resource Availability in Biological Invasions by Plants.

Degree: Biology, 2017, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:cd5431da-863d-48fa-bb57-d4aaeac2b81d

► Biological invasions—the establishment and spread of species outside their historical native ranges—has implications for basic ecology as well as conservation and human well-being. As such,… (more)

▼ Biological invasions—the establishment and spread of species outside their historical native ranges—has implications for basic ecology as well as conservation and human well-being. As such, identifying the mechanisms that promote invasions is crucial for both applied and basic ecology. While most major invasion hypotheses focus on a single causal mechanism (e.g., nutrient availability, traits of the invasive species), my research examines whether trade-offs between resource allocation to growth of new tissue and defense of tissue against disease and herbivory can explain why some non-native species become invasive in their new range and others do not. Specifically, I tested whether exotic species benefit more from enemy release relative to native competitors in high resource environments. To that end, I conducted a series of field experiments at the level of individual plants and plant communities. This research represents the first thorough test of the assumptions and key predictions of a hypothesis which integrates information about invasive species, invaded communities, and the environment in which invasion occurs to explain invasion success more broadly than previously possible (the Resource-Enemy Release Hypothesis, R-ERH). I tested this hypothesis in grassland communities and with individuals of several grass species. At the community level, exotics were less damaged than natives, especially in fertilized communities. Moreover, fertilization increased foliar damage on native species. Finally, fertilization increased exotic dominance only in communities exposed to vertebrate herbivores, and excluding insect herbivores and fungal pathogens reduced exotic dominance regardless of fertilization. At the individual level, species benefitting most from fertilization also benefitted most from exclusion of fungal pathogens and insect herbivores; this relationship was similar for natives and exotics. Within assembled native communities, fertilization increased, and enemy exclusion reduced, exotic dominance. Furthermore, fertilization and enemy exclusion each reduced native colonization of exotic-dominated communities. Together, these results provided partial support for R-ERH. Importantly, they also show that invasions can be driven by multiple independent, not interacting, factors. Advisors/Committee Members: Heckman, Robert, Mitchell, Charles, Bruno, John, Peet, Robert K., Umbanhowar, James, Wright, Justin.

Subjects/Keywords: College of Arts and Sciences; Department of Biology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Heckman, R. (2017). Influences of Natural Enemies and Resource Availability in Biological Invasions by Plants. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:cd5431da-863d-48fa-bb57-d4aaeac2b81d

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Heckman, Robert. “Influences of Natural Enemies and Resource Availability in Biological Invasions by Plants.” 2017. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 20, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:cd5431da-863d-48fa-bb57-d4aaeac2b81d.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Heckman, Robert. “Influences of Natural Enemies and Resource Availability in Biological Invasions by Plants.” 2017. Web. 20 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Heckman R. Influences of Natural Enemies and Resource Availability in Biological Invasions by Plants. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 20]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:cd5431da-863d-48fa-bb57-d4aaeac2b81d.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Heckman R. Influences of Natural Enemies and Resource Availability in Biological Invasions by Plants. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2017. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:cd5431da-863d-48fa-bb57-d4aaeac2b81d

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

16. Samson, Julia. The Fluid Dynamics of Collective Pulsing Behavior in Xeniid Corals.

Degree: Biology, 2018, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:706f827d-b616-4c1c-8485-434ba81c5c11

► Collective pulsing to generate fluid flow is an important phenomenon across different biological scales and systems and is essential for many vital functions. Examples of… (more)

▼ Collective pulsing to generate fluid flow is an important phenomenon across different biological scales and systems and is essential for many vital functions. Examples of collective behavior in fluids occur at all levels: from swimming bacteria to fish schools. Often in these systems, the collective behavior (whether it be pulsing, swimming, or something else) is not predetermined but emerges from individual responses to changes in the local environment. Their responses, in turn, alter the environment, creating a feedback loop. In my dissertation, I focus on the collective pulsing behavior and fluid dynamics of xeniid corals (Cnidaria: Alcyonaceae: Xeniidae). First, I isolate the fluid dynamic aspects and describe the characteristic flow patterns generated by the pulsing of an individual coral polyp. Based on these findings, I develop a 3D computational model that I use to investigate the importance of scaling, as determined by the Reynolds number, on the fluid dynamics of coral pulsing. Then, I isolate the behavioral aspect and quantify the patterns of collective behavior. Comparing empirical date to several models, including a random walk model, a Markov chain model, and a coupled phase oscillators model, I show that the behavioral patterns observed in pulsing corals can be reproduced by a weakly coupled phase oscillator model or an uncoupled phase oscillator model with varying intrinsic frequencies. Although polyps within a colony are physically connected and share a diffuse nerve net, I find no evidence of information transfer controlling the pulsing behavior between polyps. Finally, I make the first step toward merging collective behavior and fluid dynamics into one model. Using the method of Immersed Boundary with Finite Elements (IBFE), I simulate both single polyps and polyp pairs and compare their flow fields. Additionally, I investigate the effect of phase difference and distance between polyps on the flows generated by polyp pairs. I find no interactions between components of the flow field and conclude that the phase differences and distances between polyps used in my simulations do not result in any significant flow benefit to the polyps. This finding is consistent with the behavioral observations of collective pulsing; from the results in this dissertation, it does not seem that the polyps pulse in a coordinated manner. The contributions of my thesis include the description and quantification of a novel mechanism of mixing displayed by xeniid corals, which could serve as inspiration in the design of small-scale fluid mixers, and the development of a 3D model of collective pulsing behavior, which could be used as a framework to investigate different aspects of coral fluid dynamics and inform decision-making regarding the protection and conservation of corals and coral reefs. Advisors/Committee Members: Samson, Julia, Miller, Laura, Bruno, John, Kier, William, Patek, Sheila, Hedrick, Tyson.

Subjects/Keywords: College of Arts and Sciences; Department of Biology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Samson, J. (2018). The Fluid Dynamics of Collective Pulsing Behavior in Xeniid Corals. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:706f827d-b616-4c1c-8485-434ba81c5c11

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Samson, Julia. “The Fluid Dynamics of Collective Pulsing Behavior in Xeniid Corals.” 2018. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 20, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:706f827d-b616-4c1c-8485-434ba81c5c11.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Samson, Julia. “The Fluid Dynamics of Collective Pulsing Behavior in Xeniid Corals.” 2018. Web. 20 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Samson J. The Fluid Dynamics of Collective Pulsing Behavior in Xeniid Corals. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 20]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:706f827d-b616-4c1c-8485-434ba81c5c11.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Samson J. The Fluid Dynamics of Collective Pulsing Behavior in Xeniid Corals. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2018. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:706f827d-b616-4c1c-8485-434ba81c5c11

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

17. Cox, Courtney. Evaluating Strategies for Restoring Parrotfish Populations in Belize.

Degree: Biology, 2014, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:9fb43bde-b85b-486c-85ad-cf01f43027ca

► Parrotfish populations have declined throughout the Caribbean due to overfishing. Functional loss of these key grazers has contributed to a shift in reef community structure… (more)

▼ Parrotfish populations have declined throughout the Caribbean due to overfishing. Functional loss of these key grazers has contributed to a shift in reef community structure from coral to algal dominance. Marine protected areas (MPAs) and a national ban on the harvesting of herbivorous fishes are two management strategies implemented in Belize to recover parrotfish populations. Restricting or eliminating fishing is thought to promote high biomass of herbivorous fish that suppress macroalgae facilitating coral recruitment and population recovery. The success of these strategies not only depends on reduced fishing pressure, but also on the connectivity between parrotfish populations. My doctoral dissertation research examined the effectiveness of the MPA network in Belize and the ban on herbivorous fish harvesting in restoring fish communities and coral reef assemblages. From 2009 to 2013, I quantified the density and biomass of reef fishes, coral cover, and macroalgal cover at 16 reefs in Belize, including 8 protected sites and 8 unprotected sites. I then tested the effects of MPAs and the ban on herbivorous fish harvesting on coral reef community structure, projected parrotfish population recovery, and assessed connectivity between parrotfish populations in Belize and Honduras using nine nuclear microsatellite loci. Over the five year monitoring period, density or biomass increased for four parrotfish species. Population models indicate recovery is underway, and predict that a minimum of 9 years is needed to reach complete population recovery. Although the ban has been beneficial for parrotfish populations, my results also suggest that Belize's current network of MPAs have not provided general and measurable ecological benefits for parrotfish biomass or the benthic community. I found only weak genetic population structure among populations within the Southern Mesoamerican Barrier Reef suggesting that these populations are connected via larval dispersal. My results highlight the importance of establishing a management approach that crosses international boundaries and suggest that improved enforcement of MPAs and additional restrictions on fishing effort may be necessary to restore parrotfish populations and coral reef health. Advisors/Committee Members: Cox, Courtney, Bruno, John, Jones, Corbin, White, Peter, Castillo, Karl, Wares, John.

Subjects/Keywords: Ecology; Conservation biology; College of Arts and Sciences; Department of Biology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Cox, C. (2014). Evaluating Strategies for Restoring Parrotfish Populations in Belize. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:9fb43bde-b85b-486c-85ad-cf01f43027ca

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cox, Courtney. “Evaluating Strategies for Restoring Parrotfish Populations in Belize.” 2014. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 20, 2021. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:9fb43bde-b85b-486c-85ad-cf01f43027ca.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cox, Courtney. “Evaluating Strategies for Restoring Parrotfish Populations in Belize.” 2014. Web. 20 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Cox C. Evaluating Strategies for Restoring Parrotfish Populations in Belize. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 20]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:9fb43bde-b85b-486c-85ad-cf01f43027ca.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Cox C. Evaluating Strategies for Restoring Parrotfish Populations in Belize. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2014. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:9fb43bde-b85b-486c-85ad-cf01f43027ca

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

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