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University of New Mexico
1.
Coulombe, Patrick.
Ignoring individual differences in times of assessment in growth curve modeling.
Degree: Psychology, 2014, University of New Mexico
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/24243 
► Researchers often collect longitudinal data so as to model change over time in a phenomenon and for a population of interest. Inevitably, there will be…
(more)
▼ Researchers often collect longitudinal data so as to model change over time in a phenomenon and for a population of interest. Inevitably, there will be some variation across individuals in specific time intervals between assessments. By necessity or by choice, a researcher can decide to ignore these individual differences in times of assessments. In this simulation study of growth curve modeling, I investigate how ignoring individual differences in time points when modeling change over time relates to convergence and admissibility of solutions, bias in estimates of parameters, power to detect change over time, and, when there is no change over time, Type I error rate. The simulation factors that I manipulate in this study are magnitude of the individual differences in assessment times that are ignored, magnitude of change over time, number of time points, and sample size. Results show that, in contrast to the correct analysis, ignoring individual differences in time points frequently led to inadmissible solutions, especially with few time points and small samples, regardless of the specific magnitude of individual differences that were ignored. Mean intercept and slope were generally estimated without bias. With few time points and small samples, ignoring individual differences in time points yielded overestimated intercept and slope variances and underestimated intercept-slope covariance and residual variance, more so than when using the correct analysis. When there were more than 3 time points, or when there were 3 time points and sample size was 500, ignoring individual differences in time points yielded overestimated residual variance, but only if individual differences were large. Power and Type I error rate for the linear slope were unaffected by the type of analysis. Overall, this study suggests that it is advisable to account for individual differences in time points whenever possible.
Advisors/Committee Members: Delaney, Harold, Selig, James, Delaney, Harold, Selig, James, Goldsmith, Timothy.
Subjects/Keywords: growth curve modeling; structural equation modeling; multilevel modeling; longitudinal; simulation; misspecification
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APA (6th Edition):
Coulombe, P. (2014). Ignoring individual differences in times of assessment in growth curve modeling. (Masters Thesis). University of New Mexico. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1928/24243
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Coulombe, Patrick. “Ignoring individual differences in times of assessment in growth curve modeling.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of New Mexico. Accessed April 07, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/1928/24243.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Coulombe, Patrick. “Ignoring individual differences in times of assessment in growth curve modeling.” 2014. Web. 07 Apr 2020.
Vancouver:
Coulombe P. Ignoring individual differences in times of assessment in growth curve modeling. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of New Mexico; 2014. [cited 2020 Apr 07].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/24243.
Council of Science Editors:
Coulombe P. Ignoring individual differences in times of assessment in growth curve modeling. [Masters Thesis]. University of New Mexico; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/24243
University of New Mexico
2.
Coulombe, Patrick.
Partially and fully time-unstructured residual variance-covariance matrices in growth curve modeling: Consequences of ignoring variability in times of assessment.
Degree: Psychology, 2016, University of New Mexico
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/33017
► In a longitudinal study, the data can be either time-structured, where the times of assessment are the same across participants, or time-unstructured, where the times…
(more)
▼ In a longitudinal study, the data can be either time-structured, where the times of assessment are the same across participants, or time-unstructured, where the times of assessment vary across participants. Currently, growth curve modeling can accommodate time-unstructured data when modeling average change over time (fixed effects) and variability in change over time (random effects), but not residual variances and covariances. Through Monte Carlo simulation, a first goal of this study was to determine the effects of ignoring variability in times of assessment when modeling the residual variances and covariances in linear growth curve models in terms of convergence, parameter bias, power to detect change over time, and model fit. A second goal was to evaluate a novel method to construct partially' time-unstructured matrices for residual variances and covariances. The simulation factors manipulated in this study are type of analysis (time-structured, partially time-unstructured, fully time-unstructured), residual matrix (heterogeneous diagonal, first-order autoregressive), sample size (50, 200, 500), and number of time points (3, 6, 9). Results showed that convergence was generally high when the matrix was autoregressive, whereas when the matrix was heterogeneous diagonal, the time-structured and partially time-unstructured analyses converged most often; in many conditions, the fully time-unstructured analysis never converged. Fixed effects were generally spared from bias across conditions, as were the random effects when the matrix was heterogeneous diagonal. With the time-structured autoregressive matrix and only 3 time points, the intercept and slope variances were overestimated, and the intercept-slope correlation and residual variance were underestimated. There was a large effect of type of analysis on autocorrelation bias, with only the fully time-unstructured analysis yielding unbiased estimates, and the partially time-unstructured analysis yielding less bias than the time-structured analysis. Power to detect change over time was high across conditions. In terms of model fit, all fit indexes examined favored time-unstructured analyses when the matrix was autoregressive, whereas only deviance favored time-unstructured analyses when the matrix was heterogeneous diagonal. Overall, this study shows that accommodating time-unstructured data when modeling residual variances and covariances can be important, perhaps especially when residuals are autocorrelated. Moreover, when the fully time-unstructured matrix cannot be used, the partially time-unstructured matrix provides an improvement over the standard time-structured matrix under certain conditions.
Advisors/Committee Members: Delaney, Harold, Selig, James, Vigil, Jacob, Witkiewitz, Katie.
Subjects/Keywords: growth curve; time-unstructured analysis; residual variance; level-1 matrix; misspecification; simulation; longitudinal
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APA (6th Edition):
Coulombe, P. (2016). Partially and fully time-unstructured residual variance-covariance matrices in growth curve modeling: Consequences of ignoring variability in times of assessment. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of New Mexico. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1928/33017
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Coulombe, Patrick. “Partially and fully time-unstructured residual variance-covariance matrices in growth curve modeling: Consequences of ignoring variability in times of assessment.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of New Mexico. Accessed April 07, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/1928/33017.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Coulombe, Patrick. “Partially and fully time-unstructured residual variance-covariance matrices in growth curve modeling: Consequences of ignoring variability in times of assessment.” 2016. Web. 07 Apr 2020.
Vancouver:
Coulombe P. Partially and fully time-unstructured residual variance-covariance matrices in growth curve modeling: Consequences of ignoring variability in times of assessment. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of New Mexico; 2016. [cited 2020 Apr 07].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/33017.
Council of Science Editors:
Coulombe P. Partially and fully time-unstructured residual variance-covariance matrices in growth curve modeling: Consequences of ignoring variability in times of assessment. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of New Mexico; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/33017
University of New Mexico
3.
Emmanuel, Glory.
The malleability of university students' beliefs, values, and attitudes in the classroom setting.
Degree: Psychology, 2016, University of New Mexico
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/31764
► Beliefs, values, and attitudes (BVAs) are central to a persons identity and worldview but can be refined and influenced through the individual's surrounding environment and…
(more)
▼ Beliefs, values, and attitudes (BVAs) are central to a persons identity and worldview but can be refined and influenced through the individual's surrounding environment and experience. The academic setting is one environment that impacts BVAs. This study examined if
university students' BVAs are influenced over a semester by students' attributes, their professor, and the classroom context by testing three main hypotheses: 1) students demonstrate BVA change over time while professors' BVAs remain relatively stable over time; 2) students' attributes influence BVA change; and 3) students, especially those who have a positive experience in the class, assimilate to their professor's BVAs. In a sample of 19 classrooms, 14 professors, and 413 students, it was found that students' BVAs did change over time, both for values-bases classes and for non-values based classes. Students' attributes, specifically their initial commitment to values and religious commitment, were predictive of BVA change with those more committed to values reporting less BVA change over the semester. Students were found to assimilate their values to their professor's values. This was influenced by class type (values versus on values based) and students' belief in their professor's ability to teach. The impact of religiosity was the most consistent and robust finding in this study. The magnitude and direction of change in students' BVAs were influenced by their professor's level of religiosity. Students with more religious professors tended to increase their religious commitment and endorsement of instrumental values overall, whereas students with less religious professors tended to decrease their religious commitment and endorsement of instrumental values overall. This indicates that the secular, public
university context is able to influence students' BVAs specifically through the course material and class format. More importantly, professors are in a position of authority and, therefore, can induce students to adopt their personal values. The benefits and concerns of value assimilation are discussed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Delaney, Harold, Goldsmith, Timothy, Smith, Bruce, Parkes, Jay.
Subjects/Keywords: Values – Psychological aspects; Social influence; Adaptability (Psychology); College students – Attitudes; Values – Religious aspects.
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APA (6th Edition):
Emmanuel, G. (2016). The malleability of university students' beliefs, values, and attitudes in the classroom setting. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of New Mexico. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1928/31764
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Emmanuel, Glory. “The malleability of university students' beliefs, values, and attitudes in the classroom setting.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of New Mexico. Accessed April 07, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/1928/31764.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Emmanuel, Glory. “The malleability of university students' beliefs, values, and attitudes in the classroom setting.” 2016. Web. 07 Apr 2020.
Vancouver:
Emmanuel G. The malleability of university students' beliefs, values, and attitudes in the classroom setting. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of New Mexico; 2016. [cited 2020 Apr 07].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/31764.
Council of Science Editors:
Emmanuel G. The malleability of university students' beliefs, values, and attitudes in the classroom setting. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of New Mexico; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/31764
University of New Mexico
4.
Emmanuel, Glory.
Keeping faith : factors contributing to spiritual transformation, identity, and maturity in church-attending adolescents.
Degree: Psychology, 2012, University of New Mexico
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/20976
► The current research study investigated factors associated with spiritual development among church-attending adolescents. Eighty five participants (12 — 19 years) attending church youth groups in…
(more)
▼ The current research study investigated factors associated with spiritual development among church-attending adolescents. Eighty five participants (12 — 19 years) attending church youth groups in the Albuquerque area were asked to complete a questionnaire measuring spiritual transformation, identity, and maturity as well as demographics, personality, religious social support, and personal devotional activities. The purpose of this research was to understand how religious social support (family, friends, church, mentorship) and personal devotional activities (prayer, worship, study of sacred texts) were related to a spiritual transformation experience, spiritual identity, and spiritual maturity. It was hypothesized that adolescents who reported having had a positive spiritual transformation and who demonstrated higher levels of spiritual identity and maturity would be more connected to religious support systems and would engage more in personal devotional activities. These hypotheses were supported, as were several others. In particular, those who reported stronger levels of spiritual identity were more actively engaged in prayer, worship, and Bible study and had more religious support from friends, parents, church, and mentorship. Youth who had higher levels of spiritual identity also reported a desire both to be mentored by, and to mentor others. Active engagement in a greater religious community was related to having had a spiritual transformation experience. Age, relationship status, personality, personal identity, and religious coping were also associated with levels of spiritual identity and maturity. These findings may enable mental health professionals, religious leaders, and parents to better understand how to support adolescents with religious and spiritual interests in their journey of spiritual development.
Advisors/Committee Members: Delaney, Harold, Venner, Kamilla, Smith, Bruce.
Subjects/Keywords: Spiritual formation – Psychological aspects; Christian education of teenagers – Psychological aspects; Religiousness – Psychological aspects; Person schemas.
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APA (6th Edition):
Emmanuel, G. (2012). Keeping faith : factors contributing to spiritual transformation, identity, and maturity in church-attending adolescents. (Masters Thesis). University of New Mexico. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1928/20976
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Emmanuel, Glory. “Keeping faith : factors contributing to spiritual transformation, identity, and maturity in church-attending adolescents.” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of New Mexico. Accessed April 07, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/1928/20976.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Emmanuel, Glory. “Keeping faith : factors contributing to spiritual transformation, identity, and maturity in church-attending adolescents.” 2012. Web. 07 Apr 2020.
Vancouver:
Emmanuel G. Keeping faith : factors contributing to spiritual transformation, identity, and maturity in church-attending adolescents. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of New Mexico; 2012. [cited 2020 Apr 07].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/20976.
Council of Science Editors:
Emmanuel G. Keeping faith : factors contributing to spiritual transformation, identity, and maturity in church-attending adolescents. [Masters Thesis]. University of New Mexico; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/20976
University of New Mexico
5.
Jin, Xiaoshen.
Cognitive differences In United States preschool children and Mexico preschool children.
Degree: Psychology, 2012, University of New Mexico
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/20771
► Considerable cross-cultural work on adults and older children suggests that collectivist and individualist cultures are associated with different modes of cognitive processing involving holistic and…
(more)
▼ Considerable cross-cultural work on adults and older children suggests that collectivist and individualist cultures are associated with different modes of cognitive processing involving holistic and analytic thinking styles. The current study examined cultural differences in holistic-analytic thinking styles in an understudied population—preschoolers—in the United States, a representative country for individualism, and in
Mexico, a representative country for collectivism. Eighty-three preschoolers (United States: n = 41;
Mexico n = 42) with an age range from 3 years to 6 years 1 month participated in this study. Two measures of cognitive style were given to each participant: the triad task and a modified version of the Preschool Embedded Figures Task (Coates, 1972). Results revealed no significant differences between Mexican and United States preschoolers in either the triad or the embedded figures task except in how quickly preschoolers identified the embedded figures, with Mexican preschoolers performance exceeding American preschoolers' performance. An age effect was evident in preschooler performance in both tasks in both countries: older preschoolers were more likely to show thematic organization and field-independent thought than younger preschoolers. Results are discussed in terms of the need to re-evaluate monolithic concepts of both collectivism-individualism and cognitive style.
Advisors/Committee Members: Witherington, David, Delaney, Harold, Ruthruff, Eric.
Subjects/Keywords: Cognition in children – Cross-cultural studies; Preschool children – Psychology – Cross-cultural studies; Cognition and culture; Cognition in children – United States; Cognition in children – Mexico; Individualism – Psychological aspects; Collectivism – Psychological aspects.
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Jin, X. (2012). Cognitive differences In United States preschool children and Mexico preschool children. (Masters Thesis). University of New Mexico. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1928/20771
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Jin, Xiaoshen. “Cognitive differences In United States preschool children and Mexico preschool children.” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of New Mexico. Accessed April 07, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/1928/20771.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Jin, Xiaoshen. “Cognitive differences In United States preschool children and Mexico preschool children.” 2012. Web. 07 Apr 2020.
Vancouver:
Jin X. Cognitive differences In United States preschool children and Mexico preschool children. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of New Mexico; 2012. [cited 2020 Apr 07].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/20771.
Council of Science Editors:
Jin X. Cognitive differences In United States preschool children and Mexico preschool children. [Masters Thesis]. University of New Mexico; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/20771
University of New Mexico
6.
Jung, Kyunghun.
Mismatches between Humans and Latent Semantic Analysis in Document Similarity Judgments.
Degree: Psychology, 2013, University of New Mexico
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/23338
► Modeling how humans judge the semantic similarity between documents (e.g., abstracts from two different psychology articles) is an interesting and challenging topic in cognitive psychology.…
(more)
▼ Modeling how humans judge the semantic similarity between documents (e.g., abstracts from two different psychology articles) is an interesting and challenging topic in cognitive psychology. It also has practical implications for developing artificial intelligence (AI) systems, especially those designed for retrieving relevant information from a large database in response to a given query (e.g., finding
new research articles related to a given abstract). Conversely, AI algorithms can provide a useful tool for testing human cognitive models. They can precisely simulate the consequences of specific assumptions about cognition, and these consequences can then be compared against actual human performance. In the process of developing both human cognitive models and AI models, investigating the discrepancy between human and AI performance is essential, although it has rarely been explored with respect to document relatedness judgments. In the current study, I identified a set of document pairs whose relatedness was judged radically differently between humans and a computational model called latent semantic analysis (LSA). Based on an examination of those misjudged document pairs, I proposed a tentative model of human document relatedness judgment, called the key-features overlap model. According to this model, document relatedness judgments by humans and computational algorithms can be explained, in part, by the degree of word-pair association across documents. Critically, it suggests that, to judge document relatedness, humans focus primarily on the association between the keywords in each document, while computational algorithms including LSA typically do not. Modifications of target documents to emphasize their keywords, while also providing keyword-relevant background documents to LSA improved LSAs document relatedness judgments. Such improvement demonstrated the usefulness of the key-feature overlap model-based approach for improving AI algorithms.
Advisors/Committee Members: Ruthruff, Eric, Goldsmith, Timothy, Delaney, Harold, Luger, George.
Subjects/Keywords: Cognition; Artificial Intelligence; Latent Semantic Analysis; LSA; Document similarity
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APA (6th Edition):
Jung, K. (2013). Mismatches between Humans and Latent Semantic Analysis in Document Similarity Judgments. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of New Mexico. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1928/23338
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Jung, Kyunghun. “Mismatches between Humans and Latent Semantic Analysis in Document Similarity Judgments.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of New Mexico. Accessed April 07, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/1928/23338.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Jung, Kyunghun. “Mismatches between Humans and Latent Semantic Analysis in Document Similarity Judgments.” 2013. Web. 07 Apr 2020.
Vancouver:
Jung K. Mismatches between Humans and Latent Semantic Analysis in Document Similarity Judgments. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of New Mexico; 2013. [cited 2020 Apr 07].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/23338.
Council of Science Editors:
Jung K. Mismatches between Humans and Latent Semantic Analysis in Document Similarity Judgments. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of New Mexico; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/23338
University of New Mexico
7.
Lloyd, Samara.
DEVELOPMENT OF A QUANTITATIVE, SELF-REPORT MEASURE OF AMBIVALENCE ABOUT REDUCING PROBLEM DRINKING.
Degree: Psychology, 2011, University of New Mexico
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/12050
► Ambivalence about changing drinking is a theoretically and clinically significant construct in the treatment of alcohol abuse and dependence. The exploration and resolution of ambivalence…
(more)
▼ Ambivalence about changing drinking is a theoretically and clinically significant construct in the treatment of alcohol abuse and dependence. The exploration and resolution of ambivalence is embedded in the stages of change model, and the reduction of ambivalence is theorized to be a mechanism of change in motivational interviewing. There has been little quantitative evidence in the literature to demonstrate the theoretical or clinical significance of ambivalence to date, owing to the lack of a quantitative, self-report measure specifically for ambivalence. Two experiments were conducted to aid in the development of a measure of ambivalence. Fifty-one undergraduates concerned about their drinking were administered the initial version of the instrument in Experiment 1. Experiment 1 pilot-tested two methods of measuring ambivalence, and explored the reliability, factor structure, and convergent validity of the measure. The analysis of the difference scores from the Change and Sustain items demonstrated their high reliability, resulted in an interpretable factor structure of cognitive and emotional ambivalence, and a strong relationship between the ambivalence score and the difference between Change and Counter-change talk statements elicited during therapy (r = .41, p < .01). Experiment 2 developed the construct validity of the instrument further by questioning 70 Motivational Interviewing Network of Trainers about their perspectives on ambivalence, and their opinions about how well version 2 of the instrument measured ambivalence. The primary benefit of this survey was the improvement of the content validity of the measure by including more items about the emotional experience of ambivalence. Results also suggested additional improvements, insights into the nature of ambivalence and its relationship to other relevant constructs, and the clinical as well as research utility of the instrument.
Advisors/Committee Members: Delaney, Harold, Moyers, Theresa, Smith, Bruce.
Subjects/Keywords: alcohol; measure; ambivalence
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APA (6th Edition):
Lloyd, S. (2011). DEVELOPMENT OF A QUANTITATIVE, SELF-REPORT MEASURE OF AMBIVALENCE ABOUT REDUCING PROBLEM DRINKING. (Masters Thesis). University of New Mexico. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1928/12050
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Lloyd, Samara. “DEVELOPMENT OF A QUANTITATIVE, SELF-REPORT MEASURE OF AMBIVALENCE ABOUT REDUCING PROBLEM DRINKING.” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of New Mexico. Accessed April 07, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/1928/12050.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Lloyd, Samara. “DEVELOPMENT OF A QUANTITATIVE, SELF-REPORT MEASURE OF AMBIVALENCE ABOUT REDUCING PROBLEM DRINKING.” 2011. Web. 07 Apr 2020.
Vancouver:
Lloyd S. DEVELOPMENT OF A QUANTITATIVE, SELF-REPORT MEASURE OF AMBIVALENCE ABOUT REDUCING PROBLEM DRINKING. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of New Mexico; 2011. [cited 2020 Apr 07].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/12050.
Council of Science Editors:
Lloyd S. DEVELOPMENT OF A QUANTITATIVE, SELF-REPORT MEASURE OF AMBIVALENCE ABOUT REDUCING PROBLEM DRINKING. [Masters Thesis]. University of New Mexico; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/12050
University of New Mexico
8.
Lysne, Per.
Development of a Group Dynamic Functional Connectivity Pipeline for Magnetoencephalography Data and its Application to the Human Face Processing Network.
Degree: Psychology, 2016, University of New Mexico
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/31729
► Since its inception, functional neuroimaging has focused on identifying sources of neural activity. Recently, interest has turned to the analysis of connectivity between neural sources…
(more)
▼ Since its inception, functional neuroimaging has focused on identifying sources of neural activity. Recently, interest has turned to the analysis of connectivity between neural sources in dynamic brain networks. This
new interest calls for the development of appropriate investigative techniques. A problem occurs in connectivity studies when the differing networks of individually analyzed subjects must be reconciled. One solution, the estimation of group models, has become common in fMRI, but is largely untried with electromagnetic data. Additionally, the assumption of stationarity has crept into the field, precluding the analysis of dynamic systems. Group extensions are applied to the sparse irMxNE localizer of MNE-Python. Spectral estimation requires individual source trials, and a multivariate multiple regression procedure is established to accomplish this based on the irMxNE output. A program based on the Fieldtrip software is created to estimate conditional Granger causality spectra in the time-frequency domain based on these trials. End-to-end simulations support the correctness of the pipeline with single and multiple subjects. Group-irMxNE makes no attempt to generalize a solution between subjects with clearly distinct patterns of source connectivity, but shows signs of doing so when subjects patterns of activity are similar. The pipeline is applied to MEG data from the facial emotion protocol in an attempt to validate the Adolphs model. Both irMxNE and Group-irMxNE place numerous sources during post-stimulus periods of high evoked power but neglect those of low power. This identifies a conflict between power-based localizations and information-centric processing models. It is also noted that neural processing is more diffuse than the neatly specified Adolphs model indicates. Individual and group results generally support early processing in the occipital, parietal, and temporal regions, but later stage frontal localizations are missing. The morphing of individual subjects' brain topology to a common source-space is currently inoperable in MNE. MEG data is therefore co-registered directly onto an average brain, resulting in loss of accuracy. For this as well as reasons related to uneven power and computational limitations, the early stages of the Adolphs model are only generally validated. Encouraging results indicate that actual non-stationary group connectivity estimates are produced however.
Advisors/Committee Members: Delaney, Harold, Tesche, Claudia, Thoma, Robert, Ciesielski, Kristina.
Subjects/Keywords: Magnetoencephalography Functional Connectivity Non-parameteric Granger Causality Group Models
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APA (6th Edition):
Lysne, P. (2016). Development of a Group Dynamic Functional Connectivity Pipeline for Magnetoencephalography Data and its Application to the Human Face Processing Network. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of New Mexico. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1928/31729
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Lysne, Per. “Development of a Group Dynamic Functional Connectivity Pipeline for Magnetoencephalography Data and its Application to the Human Face Processing Network.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of New Mexico. Accessed April 07, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/1928/31729.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Lysne, Per. “Development of a Group Dynamic Functional Connectivity Pipeline for Magnetoencephalography Data and its Application to the Human Face Processing Network.” 2016. Web. 07 Apr 2020.
Vancouver:
Lysne P. Development of a Group Dynamic Functional Connectivity Pipeline for Magnetoencephalography Data and its Application to the Human Face Processing Network. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of New Mexico; 2016. [cited 2020 Apr 07].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/31729.
Council of Science Editors:
Lysne P. Development of a Group Dynamic Functional Connectivity Pipeline for Magnetoencephalography Data and its Application to the Human Face Processing Network. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of New Mexico; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/31729
University of New Mexico
9.
McLouth, Christopher.
Priming change talk : the experimental manipulation of client speech.
Degree: Psychology, 2013, University of New Mexico
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/23286
► Previous research has supported the link between client language in favor of change (change talk) during Motivational Interviewing sessions and subsequent substance use outcomes. The…
(more)
▼ Previous research has supported the link between client language in favor of change (change talk) during Motivational Interviewing sessions and subsequent substance use outcomes. The present study investigated whether the frequency of change talk can be increased using a pre-treatment priming paradigm. Eighty six current cigarette smokers were randomized into one of three priming manipulations: change talk, sustain talk, or a neutral condition. After completing a version of the Scrambled-Sentence test (change, sustain, or neutral) intended to prime or suppress change talk, participants engaged in a pseudo-therapeutic encounter with a research assistant who asked them a series of open-ended questions about their smoking behavior. These sessions were audio recorded and coded for instances of change and sustain talk. Nicotine dependence and ambivalence toward smoking were assessed using self-report questionnaires. Results indicated that the three groups did not differ in the proportion of speech they gave in favor of changing their smoking, even after controlling for ambivalence and dependence. Strengths and weaknesses of the priming manipulation and study design are discussed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Moyers, Theresa, Delaney, Harold, Ruthruff, Eric.
Subjects/Keywords: Motivational interviewing; Change (Psychology)
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APA (6th Edition):
McLouth, C. (2013). Priming change talk : the experimental manipulation of client speech. (Masters Thesis). University of New Mexico. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1928/23286
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
McLouth, Christopher. “Priming change talk : the experimental manipulation of client speech.” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of New Mexico. Accessed April 07, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/1928/23286.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
McLouth, Christopher. “Priming change talk : the experimental manipulation of client speech.” 2013. Web. 07 Apr 2020.
Vancouver:
McLouth C. Priming change talk : the experimental manipulation of client speech. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of New Mexico; 2013. [cited 2020 Apr 07].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/23286.
Council of Science Editors:
McLouth C. Priming change talk : the experimental manipulation of client speech. [Masters Thesis]. University of New Mexico; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/23286
University of New Mexico
10.
Nakazawa, Masato.
Examining the advantages and disadvantages of pilot studies : Monte-Carlo simulations.
Degree: Psychology, 2012, University of New Mexico
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/17492
► Estimating population effect size accurately and precisely plays a vital role in achieving a desired level of statistical power as well as drawing correct conclusions…
(more)
▼ Estimating population effect size accurately and precisely plays a vital role in achieving a desired level of statistical power as well as drawing correct conclusions from empirical results. While a number of common practices of effect-size estimation have been documented (e.g., relying on ones experience and intuition, and conducting pilot studies), their relative advantages and disadvantages have been insufficiently investigated. To establish a practical guideline for researchers in this respect, this project compared the accuracy and precision of effect-size estimation, resulting power, and economic implications across pilot and non-pilot conditions. Furthermore, to model the potential advantages of pilot studies in finding and correcting flaws before main studies are run, varying amounts of random error variance and varying degrees of success at its removal — often neglected aspects in simulation studies — were introduced in Experiment 2. The main findings include the following. First, pilot studies with up to 30 subjects were utterly ineffective in achieving the desired power of 0.80 at a small population effect size even under the best-case scenario. At this effect size intuitive estimation without pilot studies appears to be the preferred method of achieving the desired power. Second, the pilot studies performed better at medium and large population effect sizes, achieving comparable or even greater power to that in the non-pilot condition. The relative advantages of pilot studies were particularly evident when moderate to large error variances were present, and a portion of it had been removed through conducting pilot studies. These broad findings are discussed in the context of flexible design: study design can be modified flexibly in accordance with the researcher's particular goals.
Advisors/Committee Members: Delaney, Harold, Bryan, Angela, Goldsmith, Timothy, Parkes, Jay.
Subjects/Keywords: Experimental design; Sampling (Statistics)
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APA (6th Edition):
Nakazawa, M. (2012). Examining the advantages and disadvantages of pilot studies : Monte-Carlo simulations. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of New Mexico. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1928/17492
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Nakazawa, Masato. “Examining the advantages and disadvantages of pilot studies : Monte-Carlo simulations.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of New Mexico. Accessed April 07, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/1928/17492.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Nakazawa, Masato. “Examining the advantages and disadvantages of pilot studies : Monte-Carlo simulations.” 2012. Web. 07 Apr 2020.
Vancouver:
Nakazawa M. Examining the advantages and disadvantages of pilot studies : Monte-Carlo simulations. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of New Mexico; 2012. [cited 2020 Apr 07].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/17492.
Council of Science Editors:
Nakazawa M. Examining the advantages and disadvantages of pilot studies : Monte-Carlo simulations. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of New Mexico; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/17492
University of New Mexico
11.
Vicuna, Belinda.
The interplay among religiosity, heath, and ethnicity : changing patterns in the U.S., 1972-2010.
Degree: Psychology, 2013, University of New Mexico
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/22023
► Because ethnic minorities continue to experience health inequities in America, the powerful social forces that help determine our health become all the more relevant to…
(more)
▼ Because ethnic minorities continue to experience health inequities in America, the powerful social forces that help determine our health become all the more relevant to explore. Within this social context, an often overlooked factor is the role that religiosity plays in influencing health. This investigation explored the relationships among religiosity, health, and ethnicity. Primary aims were to specify the change that has occurred over time in religiosity, health, and socio-demographic variables and to determine whether religiosity has a unique influence on health for each ethnic group. The General Social Survey, a large, nationally representative dataset was utilized. Comparisons of correlations (among health, religiosity, and socioeconomic variables) across time revealed that in general, the relationship between religious attendance and health has strengthened, the relationship between education and health has weakened, and the relationships between socioeconomic variables and religiosity have strengthened. Particularly for ethnic minorities, socioeconomic factors have become stronger predictors of religiosity over time. Analyses of covariance of religious attendance and health were conducted separately. Main effects of ethnicity, age, gender and era were highly significant for both dependent variables. For religious attendance, all possible two-way interactions among ethnicity, age, gender, and era were significant as well. For example, ethnic differences in attendance were greater for middle age than for younger adults, were greater for women than for men, and were greater in the recent era than in the previous era. For subjective health, the two-way interactions of ethnicity by age, ethnicity by gender, ethnicity by era, and the three-way interaction of era by ethnicity by age were all significant. Most striking was the greater decline over eras in health of Latinos relative to that of other groups. Finally, the relationship between religiosity and health did not prove to differ significantly across ethnic groups; Although ethnic minorities are strongly religiously committed, the impact of religiosity on health is not stronger/more beneficial for ethnic minorities than for non-Latino Whites. In conclusion, the interplay among religiosity, health, and ethnicity is complex and ever evolving.
Advisors/Committee Members: Delaney, Harold, Smith, Bruce, Verney, Steven.
Subjects/Keywords: Health – Social aspects; Religiousness – Health aspects; Social status – Health aspects; Economic status – Health aspects.
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APA (6th Edition):
Vicuna, B. (2013). The interplay among religiosity, heath, and ethnicity : changing patterns in the U.S., 1972-2010. (Masters Thesis). University of New Mexico. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1928/22023
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Vicuna, Belinda. “The interplay among religiosity, heath, and ethnicity : changing patterns in the U.S., 1972-2010.” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of New Mexico. Accessed April 07, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/1928/22023.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Vicuna, Belinda. “The interplay among religiosity, heath, and ethnicity : changing patterns in the U.S., 1972-2010.” 2013. Web. 07 Apr 2020.
Vancouver:
Vicuna B. The interplay among religiosity, heath, and ethnicity : changing patterns in the U.S., 1972-2010. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of New Mexico; 2013. [cited 2020 Apr 07].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/22023.
Council of Science Editors:
Vicuna B. The interplay among religiosity, heath, and ethnicity : changing patterns in the U.S., 1972-2010. [Masters Thesis]. University of New Mexico; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/22023
University of New Mexico
12.
Gerstle, Melissa.
Perceived coparenting quality among mutually aggressive parents : the impact of interparental and parental factors.
Degree: Psychology, 2011, University of New Mexico
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/13143
► Coparenting has been found to impact all facets of family functioning, including child and parent adjustment, parenting, and even the interparental relationship itself, and, like…
(more)
▼ Coparenting has been found to impact all facets of family functioning, including child and parent adjustment, parenting, and even the interparental relationship itself, and, like many family processes, it can be significantly disrupted by interparental conflict. Interparental aggression, the extreme negative pole of conflict, has previously been found to adversely affect many parts of the family system, such as child and parent adjustment and the parent-child relationship. Yet, there is a paucity of research investigating the impact of interparental aggression on the coparenting relationship. The present study investigated coparenting processes among parents displaying mutual, situation-specific aggression in a civil court-mandated sample. One hundred and one parents (55 mothers, 46 fathers) completed measures on interpersonal conflict, personality characteristics, parenting, and the coparenting relationship. Stepwise regression analyses indicated that, for mothers, maternal report of fathers use of negotiation and mothers' self-reported use of physical aggression were positively related, and fathers' use of psychological aggression negatively related, to perceived coparenting quality. For fathers, paternal report of mothers' use of psychological aggression negatively related to perceived coparenting quality. Report of the other parent's use of psychological aggression predicted the most variance in perceptions of coparenting relationship quality for both mothers and fathers. Parental personality characteristics were not significantly associated with coparenting or parenting styles. Lastly, among a set of parental dyads (n = 29), both mothers and fathers viewed themselves as more authoritative and less authoritarian than the other parent and were also 'inaccurate' (i.e., divergent from other parent) in reporting the other parent's relative level of authoritative parenting. In conclusion, among mutually aggressive parents, reported use of constructive and destructive conflict resolution tactics in the interparental relationship significantly impacted the perceived quality of the coparenting relationship. Additional research is needed to further investigate the differential impact that type of interparental aggression can have on coparenting dynamics and parent and child outcomes in both non-forensic and forensic populations. The present study also examined the relevance of the coparenting construct with a more diverse sample than is typically utilized, and greater study is needed to continue expanding our understanding of this burgeoning concept across cultures.
Advisors/Committee Members: Erickson, Sarah, Delaney, Harold, Witherington, David, Broidy, Lisa, Matthews, Dan.
Subjects/Keywords: Joint custody of children – Psychological aspects; Divorced parents – Psychology; Aggressiveness; Parental influences; Conflict management.
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APA (6th Edition):
Gerstle, M. (2011). Perceived coparenting quality among mutually aggressive parents : the impact of interparental and parental factors. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of New Mexico. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1928/13143
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Gerstle, Melissa. “Perceived coparenting quality among mutually aggressive parents : the impact of interparental and parental factors.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of New Mexico. Accessed April 07, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/1928/13143.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Gerstle, Melissa. “Perceived coparenting quality among mutually aggressive parents : the impact of interparental and parental factors.” 2011. Web. 07 Apr 2020.
Vancouver:
Gerstle M. Perceived coparenting quality among mutually aggressive parents : the impact of interparental and parental factors. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of New Mexico; 2011. [cited 2020 Apr 07].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/13143.
Council of Science Editors:
Gerstle M. Perceived coparenting quality among mutually aggressive parents : the impact of interparental and parental factors. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of New Mexico; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/13143
University of New Mexico
13.
Sanders, Lavina.
Values-based motivational interviewing : effectiveness for smoking cessation among New Mexico veterans.
Degree: Psychology, 2012, University of New Mexico
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/17502
► This study evaluated the effectiveness, for smoking cessation, of the Values Card Sort intervention based on the theoretical therapeutic model of Motivational Interviewing. Veterans at…
(more)
▼ This study evaluated the effectiveness, for smoking cessation, of the Values Card Sort intervention based on the theoretical therapeutic model of Motivational Interviewing. Veterans at the
New Mexico Veteran Affairs Healthcare System who elected to participate were randomly assigned to either one session of the MI-based Values Card Sort or one session of an education-based intervention called Preskills Training, which was designed specifically for this research study. All veterans who participated in the study then went through three sessions of the standard smoking cessation psychoeducational group at the VA. It was predicted that veterans who received one session of Values-Based MI would be smoking significantly fewer cigarettes per day at one-month and three-month follow-ups than veterans who received one session of Preskills Training. According to several analyses investigating differences between veterans in the Values-Based MI condition and veterans in the Preskills Training condition, there were no significant differences between the two groups on measures of cigarettes smoked per day, scores on the Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence, or on the subscale scores of the SOCRATES. However, it is important to note that there were significant decreases in smoking behaviors for all veterans in the study, regardless of the condition to which they were randomly assigned. Finally, the Values-Based MI condition was found to result in significantly greater decreases in smoking for those veterans who did not initially perceive their smoking to be discrepant with their values as opposed to those who did initially recognize a discrepancy.
Advisors/Committee Members: Delaney, Harold, Smith, Bruce, Kersh, Brian, Venner, Kamilla, Baca, Catherine.
Subjects/Keywords: Motivational interviewing – Case studies; Smoking cessation – New Mexico; Veterans – Tobacco use – New Mexico.
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APA (6th Edition):
Sanders, L. (2012). Values-based motivational interviewing : effectiveness for smoking cessation among New Mexico veterans. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of New Mexico. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1928/17502
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Sanders, Lavina. “Values-based motivational interviewing : effectiveness for smoking cessation among New Mexico veterans.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of New Mexico. Accessed April 07, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/1928/17502.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Sanders, Lavina. “Values-based motivational interviewing : effectiveness for smoking cessation among New Mexico veterans.” 2012. Web. 07 Apr 2020.
Vancouver:
Sanders L. Values-based motivational interviewing : effectiveness for smoking cessation among New Mexico veterans. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of New Mexico; 2012. [cited 2020 Apr 07].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/17502.
Council of Science Editors:
Sanders L. Values-based motivational interviewing : effectiveness for smoking cessation among New Mexico veterans. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of New Mexico; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/17502
14.
Rice, Samara Lloyd.
DEVELOPING A MEASURE OF AMBIVALENCE ABOUT DRINKING LESS ALCOHOL: PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES AND CONSTRUCT VALIDITY.
Degree: Psychology, 2014, University of New Mexico
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/23560
► The resolution of ambivalence is an appealing explanation of how at-risk drinkers make changes in their alcohol consumption; however, limited research about this potential mechanism…
(more)
▼ The resolution of ambivalence is an appealing explanation of how at-risk drinkers make changes in their alcohol consumption; however, limited research about this potential mechanism of change exists due to the lack of a specific measure of ambivalence about drinking less alcohol. An initial item pool measuring ambivalence was assessed in two different samples of at-risk drinkers, undergraduate college students participating in the study for research participation credit (N1 = 129) and participants recruited from online sources (N2 = 128) using an online web survey. Three different methods of measuring ambivalence were tested: a double-barreled items method, a difference score method calculated from the sum of items measuring both motivation to change as well as motivation to maintain the status quo, and an Emotion items method. Exploratory Factor Analyses (EFAs) revealed a single factor structure for all three scales, and internally-consistent scales were formed from a subset of well-performing items based on item-scale and factor analytic results. Convergent and discriminant validity correlations were also examined. This study introduces the Change, Ambivalence, Sustain, and Emotion Scales (CASES) for eventual use in investigating if the resolution of ambivalence is a mechanism of change in at-risk drinkers. Limitations and directions for future research are also discussed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Delaney, Harold, Tonigan, J. Scott, Moyers, Theresa, Selig, James.
Subjects/Keywords: alcohol; ambivalence; motivation; measure; instrument development; motivational interviewing
…in their Focus Groups section. Undergraduate students from the University
of New Mexico… …University of New Mexico
(UNM), was used. Although Opinio is secure and encrypted…
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APA (6th Edition):
Rice, S. L. (2014). DEVELOPING A MEASURE OF AMBIVALENCE ABOUT DRINKING LESS ALCOHOL: PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES AND CONSTRUCT VALIDITY. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of New Mexico. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1928/23560
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Rice, Samara Lloyd. “DEVELOPING A MEASURE OF AMBIVALENCE ABOUT DRINKING LESS ALCOHOL: PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES AND CONSTRUCT VALIDITY.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of New Mexico. Accessed April 07, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/1928/23560.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Rice, Samara Lloyd. “DEVELOPING A MEASURE OF AMBIVALENCE ABOUT DRINKING LESS ALCOHOL: PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES AND CONSTRUCT VALIDITY.” 2014. Web. 07 Apr 2020.
Vancouver:
Rice SL. DEVELOPING A MEASURE OF AMBIVALENCE ABOUT DRINKING LESS ALCOHOL: PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES AND CONSTRUCT VALIDITY. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of New Mexico; 2014. [cited 2020 Apr 07].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/23560.
Council of Science Editors:
Rice SL. DEVELOPING A MEASURE OF AMBIVALENCE ABOUT DRINKING LESS ALCOHOL: PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES AND CONSTRUCT VALIDITY. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of New Mexico; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/23560
University of New Mexico
15.
Montague, Erica.
Multiple Perspectives on Functioning of Families Impacted by Traumatic Brain Injury: Exploring Both Parental and Injured Child's Perceptions.
Degree: Psychology, 2010, University of New Mexico
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/10838
► Pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) can have profound effects on a child,including permanent changes to cognition and personality. Despite the attention that pediatric TBI has…
(more)
▼ Pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) can have profound effects on a child,including permanent changes to cognition and personality. Despite the attention that pediatric TBI has received in the broader literature, few studies have explored the residual effect that TBI can have on global family functioning. The present study sought to extend the literature on family functioning following pediatric TBI by investigating the perspectives of multiple family members, including the injured child and the parent. It was hypothesized that all family members would view family functioning as more dysfunctional than a non-clinical sample. Fourteen injured adolescents who experienced a moderate to severe TBI at least six months prior to data collection and their parents were enrolled in the study. Ten adolescent siblings also participated. Parents in the current sample reported clinically significant distress in the area of family roles, which addresses responsibility distribution among family members. Injured adolescents reported lower levels of functioning in the areas of affective involvement, communication, and roles, when compared to non-clinical adolescents. Within sample comparisons revealed that injured adolescents reported more problematic functioning than their parents on five of the seven domains of family functioning. Both parent and adolescent report of poor family functioning was associated with self-reported depressive symptoms. Exploratory analyses investigated the impact of pediatric TBI on the sibling. Overall, results highlight the importance of exploring multiple perspectives of family functioning following pediatric TBI, as each member may be differentially impacted by pediatric TBI.
Advisors/Committee Members: Erickson, Sarah, Yeo, Ronald, Delaney, Harold.
Subjects/Keywords: traumatic brain injury; family functioning
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APA (6th Edition):
Montague, E. (2010). Multiple Perspectives on Functioning of Families Impacted by Traumatic Brain Injury: Exploring Both Parental and Injured Child's Perceptions. (Masters Thesis). University of New Mexico. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1928/10838
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Montague, Erica. “Multiple Perspectives on Functioning of Families Impacted by Traumatic Brain Injury: Exploring Both Parental and Injured Child's Perceptions.” 2010. Masters Thesis, University of New Mexico. Accessed April 07, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/1928/10838.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Montague, Erica. “Multiple Perspectives on Functioning of Families Impacted by Traumatic Brain Injury: Exploring Both Parental and Injured Child's Perceptions.” 2010. Web. 07 Apr 2020.
Vancouver:
Montague E. Multiple Perspectives on Functioning of Families Impacted by Traumatic Brain Injury: Exploring Both Parental and Injured Child's Perceptions. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of New Mexico; 2010. [cited 2020 Apr 07].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/10838.
Council of Science Editors:
Montague E. Multiple Perspectives on Functioning of Families Impacted by Traumatic Brain Injury: Exploring Both Parental and Injured Child's Perceptions. [Masters Thesis]. University of New Mexico; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/10838
University of New Mexico
16.
Stone, David B.
Transcranial direct current stimulation modulates shifts in global/local attention.
Degree: Psychology, 2010, University of New Mexico
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/10290
► The effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on global and local feature processing and cued attentional switch were tested. Anodal and cathodal tDCS were…
(more)
▼ The effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on global and local feature processing and cued attentional switch were tested. Anodal and cathodal tDCS were applied to the left posterior parietal cortex while subjects completed a global/local compound feature task. The task required subjects to attend to either the global or local features of compound stimuli while ignoring the features of the irrelevant level. Subjects were cued to frequently shift attention between the global and local features. The processing of global and local features was unaffected by parietal tDCS but attentional shifts were compromised. Anodal tDCS degraded the ability of subjects to shift attention from local to global features, and cathodal stimulation degraded performance on all cued global/local shifts. Electrophysiological activity was monitored while subjects performed the global/local task. Event-related and oscillatory changes were observed immediately following cathodal stimulation. Cathodal stimulation increased early-latency (P1) responses to global/local switch cues. Cathodal tDCS also reversed the pattern of late-latency (P3) responses to global and local cues. P3 responses to global cues were greater than local cue responses when compared to a sham condition. These changes were accompanied by altered 30 to 50 Hz (beta) oscillatory activity over the left parietal cortical stimulation site. Cathodal stimulation decreased left hemisphere beta activity in response to global cues, and differences in beta activity between global and local responses were greater and in the opposite direction than responses following sham. No significant electrophysiological changes were detected following anodal stimulation. These results support the role of left parietal cortex in cued global/local attentional shifts and represent the first successful modulation of global/local switching using exogenous brain stimulation. Changes in event-related and oscillatory activity reveal possible electrophysiological mechanisms mediating the behavioral effects of tDCS on attentional switch.
Advisors/Committee Members: Tesche, Claudia, Delaney, Harold, Yeo, Ronald.
Subjects/Keywords: Attention – Physiological aspects; Brain – Electric properties; Brain stimulation; Electrophysiology.
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APA (6th Edition):
Stone, D. B. (2010). Transcranial direct current stimulation modulates shifts in global/local attention. (Masters Thesis). University of New Mexico. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1928/10290
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Stone, David B. “Transcranial direct current stimulation modulates shifts in global/local attention.” 2010. Masters Thesis, University of New Mexico. Accessed April 07, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/1928/10290.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Stone, David B. “Transcranial direct current stimulation modulates shifts in global/local attention.” 2010. Web. 07 Apr 2020.
Vancouver:
Stone DB. Transcranial direct current stimulation modulates shifts in global/local attention. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of New Mexico; 2010. [cited 2020 Apr 07].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/10290.
Council of Science Editors:
Stone DB. Transcranial direct current stimulation modulates shifts in global/local attention. [Masters Thesis]. University of New Mexico; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/10290
University of New Mexico
17.
Hendrickson, Stacey.
The wrong Wright stuff : mapping human error in aviation.
Degree: Psychology, 2009, University of New Mexico
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/9344
► The Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) was instituted to aid the Federal Aviation Administration in tracking trends in aviation incidents so that, ultimately, safety measures…
(more)
▼ The Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) was instituted to aid the Federal Aviation Administration in tracking trends in aviation incidents so that, ultimately, safety measures and training could be implemented to decrease the occurrence of accidents and incidents within the industry. The current system relies on hand coding of reports to recognize current trends and alert the proper parties. Although the filing party may enter some codified data describing the surrounding scenario (e.g., time of day, weather), there is no opportunity to specify a category if the problem is human error. Considering the prevalence of human error within these incidents (around 55% based on a report by Boeing, 2006), a greater understanding of the driving factors is needed. The current study was an investigation of the human error components of airline incident reports. Text analysis tools were applied to ASRS incident narrative reports to determine a classification based on human performance for commercial and general aviation. The results from the current study demonstrate that an empirically based approach can be used to uncover latent categories within the Flight Crew Human Performance' classified reports. The combined approach of latent semantic analysis, k-means clustering, and keyword analysis were used successfully in developing a nine element classification of commercial aviation reports and twelve element classification of general aviation reports. The taxonomies suggested by the current study for both commercial and general aviation reveal categories beyond just human error elements. The classification scheme suggested for the commercial aviation reports most closely resembled the ACCERS taxonomy developed by Krokos and Baker (2005; see also Baker & Krokos, 2007), which was constructed to help in categorizing all incident reports. The classification suggested for general aviation reports did not closely resemble any existing classification scheme. Although the suggested taxonomy shared categories such as situational awareness and communication with classifications such as crew resource management (CRM) or single pilot resource management (SRM), the current classification also holds non-human elements such as weather and context. The taxonomies for both commercial and general aviation revealed a category for context, and the difficulty of flying into certain airports was apparent. These findings can be implemented to improve training programs by assisting in the creation of contextually based training scenarios. Furthermore, based on findings for general aviation in particular, pilots could benefit from increased training in situational awareness and monitoring of notices and airspace.
Advisors/Committee Members: Goldsmith, Timothy, Delaney, Harold, Johnson, Peder, Wenner, Caren.
Subjects/Keywords: Aircraft accidents – Investigation; Aircraft accidents – Human factors.
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APA (6th Edition):
Hendrickson, S. (2009). The wrong Wright stuff : mapping human error in aviation. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of New Mexico. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1928/9344
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hendrickson, Stacey. “The wrong Wright stuff : mapping human error in aviation.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, University of New Mexico. Accessed April 07, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/1928/9344.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hendrickson, Stacey. “The wrong Wright stuff : mapping human error in aviation.” 2009. Web. 07 Apr 2020.
Vancouver:
Hendrickson S. The wrong Wright stuff : mapping human error in aviation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of New Mexico; 2009. [cited 2020 Apr 07].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/9344.
Council of Science Editors:
Hendrickson S. The wrong Wright stuff : mapping human error in aviation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of New Mexico; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/9344
University of New Mexico
18.
Medina, Una E.
MADD MESSAGE EFFECTS: A TWELVE-YEAR RANDOMIZED TRIAL.
Degree: Department of Communication and Journalism, 2010, University of New Mexico
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/12395
► One out of three Americans undergoes drunk-driving crashes; 23% result in death. To deter DWIs (Driving While under Influence), MADD (Mothers Against Drunk Drivers) created…
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▼ One out of three Americans undergoes drunk-driving crashes; 23% result in death. To deter DWIs (Driving While under Influence), MADD (Mothers Against Drunk Drivers) created VIPs (Victim Impact Panels) where victims impact offenders with gory stories, photos, and threats of punishments and loss of freedom, hoping this message will deter DWIs. It is remarkable that although the VIP message is considered a primary DWI intervention, yet no studies have investigated VIP message effects.
VIP message effects, their persistence and decay, are chronicled here over the course of 12 years. This study extends an empirical investigation of VIPs, conducted by Woodall,
Delaney, Rogers, and Wheeler (2007) (n = 833) during 1994-1996. At 2 years, these researchers found MADD VIP participants' recidivism rates were 30% higher than their DWI School comparison group, trending toward significance at p = .0583. This study supports those results as significant at 12 years. As an extension, it investigates whether reactance theory explains VIP message effects failure. Reactance theory research, a subset of message effects research, explains how emotional, confrontational, and threatening messages induce psychological reactance in the mind of the message receiver, who then seeks to preserve his or her sense of freedom by behaving contrarily (Brehm, 1966). Hierarchically intensifying effects of these theoretical reactance antecedents are studied here in an unusual manner, as they occur in vivo, in real life.
The same intervention was observed to have different effects depending on prior conditions and demographics. The emotional high-threat, high-confrontation MADD VIP message coincided with significantly shorter time to recidivism (p = .009, d = 1.64) and significantly higher number of subsequent arrests (p < .0001, d = 1.64) among recent prior offenders, and those with no priors under age 30 (p = .01, d = 0.35). Younger offenders may be associated with more iconoclastic behavior than older offenders (Beirness & Simpson, 1997; Greenberg, 2005; NHTSA, 2008), partially explaining the under-30 age effect.
This study furthers persuasive message design as a science and suggests a message-based approach to intervention analysis. There was no effect when MADD VIP was analyzed simply as an intervention. However, there were highly significant effect sizes when the same MADD VIP intervention was analyzed as a message. This study concludes by offering MADD VIP best practice recommendations.
Advisors/Committee Members: Woodall, W. Gill, Schuetz, Janice, Rivera, Mario A., McDermott, Virginia, Delaney, Harold.
Subjects/Keywords: Victim Impact panels; MADD; message effects; randomized trial; effect size; drunk driving; DWI; efficacy trial; method problems; methodological problems; communication theory; theory building; rhetorical analysis; triangulation; drunk driving; interventions; covariates; ANOVA; ANCOVA; survival analysis; message context; message content; message function; message intensity; message frequency; message metrics; message pathos; pathos; message decay; decay rate; message decay rate; intent to persuade; persuasion; confrontation; shame; shaming; public shaming; public censure; forewarning; perceived threat; reactance theory; assumptions; sampling error; recruitment error; non-adherence to condition; random assignment error; factorial design; operationalization; theory construct operationalization; methods informed by literature; methodological symbiosis; questionnaire reliability and validity; secondary data sources; public arrest record; public data; covariate operationalization; reactance constructs; content analysis; theme analysis; prior arrest; censored cases; QSR N6; SPSS; Excel; limitations; under-identification; attrition; population attrition; bimodal distribution; dichotomous variables; data splitting; discretizing data; time to recidivism; subsequent arrests; emotional change; emotion score; outliers; reactance antecedent; message dose; message dosage; treatment fidelity; assess treatment fidelity; predictor variables; controlling variables; demographic covariate; demographic predictor; confirmation bias; data bias; interaction effect; treatment effect; message design; fear appeal; message strength; anger; survival analysis; time dependence; mixed methods; study design; message standardization; internal validity; hard data; hard end-point data; marginal sample size; observed variables; intervening factors; intervening variables; sample size; in vivo; hierarchy of effects; emotional threat; older offenders; young offenders; intervention analysis; message-based approach; best practices; DWI intervention; DWI treatment; prior conditions; iconoclast; Drunks Against MADD Mothers; resistance; message design science
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APA (6th Edition):
Medina, U. E. (2010). MADD MESSAGE EFFECTS: A TWELVE-YEAR RANDOMIZED TRIAL. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of New Mexico. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1928/12395
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Medina, Una E. “MADD MESSAGE EFFECTS: A TWELVE-YEAR RANDOMIZED TRIAL.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, University of New Mexico. Accessed April 07, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/1928/12395.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Medina, Una E. “MADD MESSAGE EFFECTS: A TWELVE-YEAR RANDOMIZED TRIAL.” 2010. Web. 07 Apr 2020.
Vancouver:
Medina UE. MADD MESSAGE EFFECTS: A TWELVE-YEAR RANDOMIZED TRIAL. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of New Mexico; 2010. [cited 2020 Apr 07].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/12395.
Council of Science Editors:
Medina UE. MADD MESSAGE EFFECTS: A TWELVE-YEAR RANDOMIZED TRIAL. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of New Mexico; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/12395
. 
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