+publisher:"University of Michigan" +contributor:("Schultz, Celia E.")

University of Michigan

1. Allen, Kate. Stop and Smell the Romans: Odor in Roman Literature.

Degree: PhD, Classical Studies, 2015, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/116729

► In this dissertation, I examine the role of smell in Latin literature. Looking specifically at Roman comedy, epic, and epigram, I demonstrate both how smells… (more)

▼ In this dissertation, I examine the role of smell in Latin literature. Looking specifically at Roman comedy, epic, and epigram, I demonstrate both how smells function as literary devices and how these texts reveal particularly Roman ways of thinking about the power and meaning of scents. My first chapter treats the connection between odor and identity, illustrated in the comedies of Plautus (late 3rd-early 2nd century BC). Like masks and costume, smell provides information about character and role and is an important element of comic role-play and identity-switching. Interestingly, however, characters who use smell to improve or alter themselves frequently fail; instead they draw attention to the disparity between their true identity and the role they are trying to assume. In Chapter 2, I examine how Latin epic, which chronicles both heroic quests and civil discord, links disgust at foul odors to anxieties about death by emphasizing odor’s ability to cross boundaries and spread contagion. These qualities suggest the threat of death, the shame of dying unheroically, the distinction between plague and war death, and the injustice suffered by the unburied. Moreover, olfactory signs of civil strife recall the lingering stain of civil war in the Roman collective memory, as well as the impossibility of determining a single guilty party in civil war. In my third chapter, Martial’s Epigrams (1st century AD) combine an interest in olfactory identity and contagion. While Martial highlights the scents of his literary subjects, these odors simultaneously pose a threat to the poet’s persona, whose exposure to an array of questionable scents threatens his bodily integrity and poetic and moral authority. Additionally, I suggest that odor mirrors qualities of Martial’s poems themselves: short-lived but enduring, insignificant but powerful, truthful (so Martial claims) yet frequently open to (mis)interpretation. Through his poems about smell, Martial teaches his audience not only how to read his epigrams, but even how to become critics themselves. As a literary study which accounts for the cultural significance of smell, this dissertation highlights the importance of odors in literature while simultaneously shedding light on Roman ideas about disgust, contagion, identity, and the body. Advisors/Committee Members: Caston, Ruth Rothaus (committee member), Caston, Victor (committee member), Potter, David S (committee member), Schultz, Celia E (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: smell; sense perception; Latin literature; Roman culture; Classical Studies; Humanities

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APA (6^th Edition):

Allen, K. (2015). Stop and Smell the Romans: Odor in Roman Literature. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/116729

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Allen, Kate. “Stop and Smell the Romans: Odor in Roman Literature.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed January 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/116729.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Allen, Kate. “Stop and Smell the Romans: Odor in Roman Literature.” 2015. Web. 17 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Allen K. Stop and Smell the Romans: Odor in Roman Literature. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/116729.

Council of Science Editors:

Allen K. Stop and Smell the Romans: Odor in Roman Literature. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/116729

University of Michigan

2. ten Berge, Bram L. H. Tacitus on Principate and Empire: from the Agricola to the Annales.

Degree: PhD, Classical Studies, 2016, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/120889

► This dissertation is a holistic examination of the relationship and interactions between Tacitus’ early monographs (the Agricola, Germania, and Dialogus de Oratoribus) and his later… (more)

▼ This dissertation is a holistic examination of the relationship and interactions between Tacitus’ early monographs (the Agricola, Germania, and Dialogus de Oratoribus) and his later historical works Historiae and Annales. The study serves in part to confront several preconceptions about Tacitus and his writings that have informed much scholarship on the historian in the past century. In particular, it takes issue with the assumption that the opera minora are immature and essentially preliminary to the historical works, with the claim that Tacitus’ outlook on the Principate and the Empire shifts throughout his literary career, and with the generic determination on his corpus common in modern scholarship. One consequence of the above assumptions and approaches has been that the different texts often are read in isolation; the historical works receive most attention, while the shorter works continue to be comparatively marginalized. By reading the different works in conjunction and illustrating the thematic and conceptual consistency across them, I show that the corpus forms an integrated project, in which the different works interact with and build on one another, rather than being disparate intellectual attempts. I argue that, in the Agricola, Germania, and Dialogus, Tacitus sets out theories of the Roman state, imperial rule, and the nature of historical analysis, respectively, theories which he subsequently applies to his account of the early Principate in the historical works. The Agricola, Germania, and Dialogus formulate a series of well articulated topics that will continue to draw Tacitus’ attention in the Historiae and the Annales. What emerges from the approach I take is that Tacitus’ thinking progressively develops, while his methods of analysis largely remain consistent. In advocating this approach, I engage with scholarship that has tended to see Tacitus reaching full maturity as a thinker only in his Annales. My method of looking at thematic and conceptual continuity across the different works further serves to suggest that particular aspects of Roman thought are environmentally determined rather than, as is often the case now, dictated by the form in which they are composed, prompting us to reconsider the nature of genre. Advisors/Committee Members: Potter, David S (committee member), Hell, Julia C (committee member), Schultz, Celia E (committee member), Frier, Bruce W (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Tacitus; Roman Historiography; relationship and interactions between the opera minora and opera maiora; Agricola; Germania; Dialogus de Oratoribus; Classical Studies; Humanities

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APA (6^th Edition):

ten Berge, B. L. H. (2016). Tacitus on Principate and Empire: from the Agricola to the Annales. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/120889

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

ten Berge, Bram L H. “Tacitus on Principate and Empire: from the Agricola to the Annales.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed January 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/120889.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

ten Berge, Bram L H. “Tacitus on Principate and Empire: from the Agricola to the Annales.” 2016. Web. 17 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

ten Berge BLH. Tacitus on Principate and Empire: from the Agricola to the Annales. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/120889.

Council of Science Editors:

ten Berge BLH. Tacitus on Principate and Empire: from the Agricola to the Annales. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/120889

University of Michigan

3. Loehndorff, Louise. Translation as Narrative and Translator as Active Guide: Rufinus' Process of Translating Origen's Narrative of the Soul's Descent.

Degree: PhD, Classical Studies, 2018, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/145960

► This dissertation is invested in an interdisciplinary approach to the study of translation in the antique world. From this perspective, the project demonstrates how the… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Rufinus; Origen; moral psychology; Evagrius; Classical Studies; Linguistics; Philosophy; Religious Studies; Humanities

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APA (6^th Edition):

Loehndorff, L. (2018). Translation as Narrative and Translator as Active Guide: Rufinus' Process of Translating Origen's Narrative of the Soul's Descent. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/145960

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Loehndorff, Louise. “Translation as Narrative and Translator as Active Guide: Rufinus' Process of Translating Origen's Narrative of the Soul's Descent.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed January 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/145960.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Loehndorff, Louise. “Translation as Narrative and Translator as Active Guide: Rufinus' Process of Translating Origen's Narrative of the Soul's Descent.” 2018. Web. 17 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Loehndorff L. Translation as Narrative and Translator as Active Guide: Rufinus' Process of Translating Origen's Narrative of the Soul's Descent. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/145960.

Council of Science Editors:

Loehndorff L. Translation as Narrative and Translator as Active Guide: Rufinus' Process of Translating Origen's Narrative of the Soul's Descent. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/145960

University of Michigan

4. Brock, Andrea L. Rome at Its Core: Reconstructing the Environment and Topography of the Forum Boarium.

Degree: PhD, Classical Art & Archaeology, 2017, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/138718

► This dissertation presents the results of a recent geoarchaeological investigation in the heart of Rome. Using an interdisciplinary approach with underutilized methodologies, namely coring survey… (more)

▼ This dissertation presents the results of a recent geoarchaeological investigation in the heart of Rome. Using an interdisciplinary approach with underutilized methodologies, namely coring survey and environmental sampling, I have been able to investigate deeply buried levels in Rome’s river valley, called the Forum Boarium. This region marks the site of Rome’s original river harbor and an important crossroad in prehistoric central Italy. By drilling a series of cores that produce sediment boreholes more than 15m long, it becomes possible to survey previously inaccessible archaeological and geological stratigraphy across a wide area and with great depth. As coring survey effectively explores the interactions and relationships of past peoples with their landscape, utilization and refinement of these techniques will help launch promising new research in the field of environmental history. In the case of Rome, environmental archaeology offers new perspective on the nascent city by providing data on the pre-urban environment and urban development of Rome’s river valley. Among other things, my survey exposed key features of the natural landscape in the Forum Boarium, including the location of Rome’s original river harbor and the nearby section of raised floodplain at the base of the Capitoline Hill. I argue that Rome’s origins as a harbor settlement helped the city achieve regional dominance from its inception. Moreover, I posit that the exponential growth of trade between Etruria and Greece in the seventh century BCE created new opportunities, which motivated the early inhabitants of Rome to begin engaging in large scale building and landscape modification projects, aimed at building a cohesive city that could also be protected from nuisance flooding. The substantial dataset produced by coring survey and environmental sampling provides an empirically-driven timeline for Rome’s urbanization process, corroborating a rich archaeological and literary record that signals sixth century Rome as transformative and exceptional. The available paleoenvironmental evidence suggests that the Tiber riverine system was relatively stable during the early centuries of human habitation at the site of Rome, but sometime after the early sixth century the Tiber began a process of rapid aggradation. Between 580 and 480 BCE, 5.8m of sediment was deposited in the Forum Boarium. This sedimentation rate represents a significant hydrological shift in the Tiber basin well beyond the norm of nuisance flooding, which I argue is a direct consequence of the Romans’ prolific urban activities on the local landscape. I introduce evidence for dredging in the Forum Boarium as early as the fifth century BCE as one of a variety of flood-mitigating activities pursued in Rome. In sum, this project shows how environmental pressures not only shaped the physical landscape of the early city, but also emergent socio-political institutions, as the Romans were compelled to adapt to their volatile river in order to protect important ritual and commercial… Advisors/Committee Members: Terrenato, Nicola (committee member), Schultz, Celia E (committee member), Gazda, Elaine K (committee member), Motta, Laura (committee member), Ratte, Christopher John (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Roman Archaeology; Environmental Reconstruction; Prehistoric Rome; Classical Studies; History (General); Humanities; Social Sciences

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Brock, A. L. (2017). Rome at Its Core: Reconstructing the Environment and Topography of the Forum Boarium. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/138718

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Brock, Andrea L. “Rome at Its Core: Reconstructing the Environment and Topography of the Forum Boarium.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed January 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/138718.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Brock, Andrea L. “Rome at Its Core: Reconstructing the Environment and Topography of the Forum Boarium.” 2017. Web. 17 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Brock AL. Rome at Its Core: Reconstructing the Environment and Topography of the Forum Boarium. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/138718.

Council of Science Editors:

Brock AL. Rome at Its Core: Reconstructing the Environment and Topography of the Forum Boarium. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/138718

University of Michigan

5. Diffendale, Daniel. The Roman Middle Republic at Sant'Omobono.

Degree: PhD, Classical Art & Archaeology, 2017, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/138777

► This dissertation presents the results of an analysis of the middle Republican (ca. 4th–3rd c. BCE) architectural remains of the Roman temples of Fortuna and… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Roman archaeology; Temples of Fortuna and Mater Matuta; Roman architecture; Roman religious practice during the Middle Republic; Roman use of tuff (tufo); Roman temples; Architecture; Art History; Classical Studies; History (General); Humanities (General); Anthropology and Archaeology; Arts; Humanities; Social Sciences

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Diffendale, D. (2017). The Roman Middle Republic at Sant'Omobono. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/138777

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Diffendale, Daniel. “The Roman Middle Republic at Sant'Omobono.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed January 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/138777.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Diffendale, Daniel. “The Roman Middle Republic at Sant'Omobono.” 2017. Web. 17 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Diffendale D. The Roman Middle Republic at Sant'Omobono. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/138777.

Council of Science Editors:

Diffendale D. The Roman Middle Republic at Sant'Omobono. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/138777

University of Michigan

6. Zapelloni Pavia, Arianna. Cultural Change in the Religious Sphere of Ancient Umbria between the Sixth and the First century BCE.

Degree: PhD, Classical Art & Archaeology, 2020, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/155029

► This dissertation examines the architecture and votive deposits from Umbrian sanctuaries between the sixth and early first century BCE. In line with traditional approaches to… (more)

▼ This dissertation examines the architecture and votive deposits from Umbrian sanctuaries between the sixth and early first century BCE. In line with traditional approaches to central Italian cult places, scholars who focus on the Umbria region have largely considered Roman expansion as the cause of apparent change in the use of Umbrian sanctuaries, as well as in the composition of their votive offerings during the Hellenistic period. Pointing out the limitations of this argument, I suggest a different model to track cultural change in the region’s religious sphere. By reviewing all available evidence from the onset of Umbrian religious material culture to the enfranchisement of the Italian peninsula, I analyze each sanctuary as a component of a larger Umbrian regional sacred landscape. Following my introduction (Chapter 1), the dissertation is divided into two parts. The first part (Chapters 2 and 3), introduces the theoretical frameworks used to approach the study of cultural change and sacred spaces in central Italy and the Umbrian region. The second part (Chapters 4, 5, and 6) elaborates Umbrian sacred spaces in their material and ritual contexts. Chapter 4 offers an overview of the region’s history and points out how recent work on Roman expansionism complicates our traditional understanding of the third and second century BCE as crucial to the political, social, and cultural changes that occurred during this time. Chapter 5 explores the topography, architecture, and votive deposits of each of the fifteen Umbrian sanctuaries that form my core corpus. Drawing from archival material, primary and secondary literature, and a first-hand analysis of all figurative votive offerings displayed in museums and stored in local depots in Umbria, I demonstrate that the continued use of Umbrian sanctuaries during the Hellenistic period did not depend on the political allegiances of local communities to Rome. Furthermore, I argue that the appearance of terracotta votive offerings is not related to Roman expansionism. The practice of dedicating anatomical votive offerings was an established custom in Umbria as early as the sixth/fifth century BCE. The conclusion (Chapter 6) explores the larger stakes of this work: the transformation of socio-economic and cultural trends over time. I posit that the transformation visible in Umbrian sanctuaries during the Hellenistic period is the result of multiple factors: endemic economical regional trends; the interconnection and negotiations among Umbrian and Roman elites; long-lived ritual practices; and the increasing contacts between Umbrian and Hellenistic cultures. Ultimately, this project shows that indigenous populations maintained extant local architectural and ritual customs while at the same time responding and adapting to the new socio-political realities that accompanied Roman hegemony. Advisors/Committee Members: Terrenato, Nicola (committee member), Gazda, Elaine K (committee member), Ratte, Christopher John (committee member), Schultz, Celia E (committee member), Stek, Tesse D (committee member), Woolf, Greg (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Pre-Roman Italy; Sacred places; Roman expansion; Archaeology of religion; Classical Studies; Humanities

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Zapelloni Pavia, A. (2020). Cultural Change in the Religious Sphere of Ancient Umbria between the Sixth and the First century BCE. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/155029

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zapelloni Pavia, Arianna. “Cultural Change in the Religious Sphere of Ancient Umbria between the Sixth and the First century BCE.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed January 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/155029.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zapelloni Pavia, Arianna. “Cultural Change in the Religious Sphere of Ancient Umbria between the Sixth and the First century BCE.” 2020. Web. 17 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Zapelloni Pavia A. Cultural Change in the Religious Sphere of Ancient Umbria between the Sixth and the First century BCE. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/155029.

Council of Science Editors:

Zapelloni Pavia A. Cultural Change in the Religious Sphere of Ancient Umbria between the Sixth and the First century BCE. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/155029

University of Michigan

7. Fertik, Harriet H. Publicity, Privacy, and Power in Neronian Rome.

Degree: PhD, Classical Studies, 2014, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/109041

► I examine Roman ideas of public and private and their relationship to the conception of absolute power. My study synthesizes a wide range of literary… (more)

▼ I examine Roman ideas of public and private and their relationship to the conception of absolute power. My study synthesizes a wide range of literary and material sources, including tragedy, epic, philosophy, historiography, and the novel, as well as Roman palatial architecture, domestic frescoes, and visual depictions of the Julio-Claudian family. I define privacy as the ability to avoid scrutiny and to act without public consequence, and I argue that lack of privacy became central to understanding the emperor’s role in the early imperial period. Focusing on the public/private dichotomy reveals the complexity of the conception of power relations in the mid-first century CE. While the significance of the imperial domus in political life has been a prominent concern in recent scholarship, I focus on how the public/private dichotomy illuminates the relationship between ruler and ruled: the publicity of the ruler makes him uniquely vulnerable, and this vulnerability threatens the community as a whole. I argue that the ruler is not only an all-powerful father figure, but also a potential target, vulnerable to those closest to him and to the community at large. Furthermore, the vulnerability of the ruler is a concern both for him and for the security of the community. Ultimately, one-man rule produces an intimacy between ruler and ruled that results in the transformation or disruption of all other bonds between members of the polity. I first examine exposure to public view as the defining feature of the ruler’s position in Seneca’s Apocolocyntosis and On Clemency and in Nero’s palace (the Golden House) and the implications of this exposure for the life of the community. Next, using domestic frescoes with theatrical imagery and Seneca’s Thyestes and Agamemnon, I focus on the ruler’s need to be seen and thus his dependence on and vulnerability to his subordinates. Then, drawing on dynastic sculpture groups, domestic art and architecture, Tacitus’ Annals, Seneca’s tragedies, Petronius’ Satyricon, and Lucan’s Civil War, I analyze the relationship between the house and family of the ruler and the wider community and how the rise of one-man rule creates a new kind of communal identity. Advisors/Committee Members: Potter, David S. (committee member), Gazda, Elaine K. (committee member), Seo, Joanne Mira (committee member), Schultz, Celia E. (committee member), Dufallo, Basil J. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Roman Political Culture; Nero; Seneca; Lucan; Roman Visual Culture; Public and Private; Classical Studies; Humanities

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APA (6^th Edition):

Fertik, H. H. (2014). Publicity, Privacy, and Power in Neronian Rome. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/109041

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fertik, Harriet H. “Publicity, Privacy, and Power in Neronian Rome.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed January 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/109041.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fertik, Harriet H. “Publicity, Privacy, and Power in Neronian Rome.” 2014. Web. 17 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Fertik HH. Publicity, Privacy, and Power in Neronian Rome. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/109041.

Council of Science Editors:

Fertik HH. Publicity, Privacy, and Power in Neronian Rome. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/109041

8. Stimson, Jacqueline. Killing Romans: Legitimizing Violence in Cicero and Caesar.

Degree: PhD, Classical Studies, 2017, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/137159

► In this dissertation, I examine Cicero and Caesar’s attitudes towards the legality of executing Roman citizens in the name of the state, with a particular… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Roman history and literature; Gaius Julius Caesar; Marcus Tullius Cicero; Violence and Politics; Classical Studies; Humanities

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Stimson, J. (2017). Killing Romans: Legitimizing Violence in Cicero and Caesar. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/137159

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Stimson, Jacqueline. “Killing Romans: Legitimizing Violence in Cicero and Caesar.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed January 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/137159.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Stimson, Jacqueline. “Killing Romans: Legitimizing Violence in Cicero and Caesar.” 2017. Web. 17 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Stimson J. Killing Romans: Legitimizing Violence in Cicero and Caesar. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/137159.

Council of Science Editors:

Stimson J. Killing Romans: Legitimizing Violence in Cicero and Caesar. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/137159

9. Groves, Joseph Viguers. Ethics and Imperialism in Livy.

Degree: PhD, Classical Studies, 2013, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/97998

► Ethics and Imperialism in Livy This dissertation shows that, during the mid Republic, the Romans evaluated the justice of their wars in terms of fides,… (more)

▼ Ethics and Imperialism in Livy This dissertation shows that, during the mid Republic, the Romans evaluated the justice of their wars in terms of fides, “good faith,” a concept which, although conceived in terms of mutual obligation and benefaction, subtly advanced Roman hegemony and fostered expansion. Because defending allies was integral to fides, this model preserves much of the familiar and largely successful narrative of Roman expansion while providing a more internally consistent idea of how the Romans themselves justified their increasingly heavy-handed interventions in the eastern Mediterranean. This avoids the ethical anachronism of “defensive imperialism” that has dominated scholarship on Roman imperialism and highlights the internal consistency of the Romans own explanations of their wars. Because this model does not exclude aggression, it better explains how Rome could extend its influence and territory while denying the legitimacy of wars undertaken purely for conquest’s sake. Throughout Livy’s first ten books, the Romans attempt to obtain security by cultivating asymmetrical fides relationships with their neighbors, but learn that they must also enforce obedience through metus,fear. Livy imagines early Romans erring on the side of generosity and applying greater force with reluctance, as after the Latin revolt. This highly idealized version of Roman foreign policy may be the stuff of legend, but the ethics underlying the account were integral to Roman diplomacy. That this emphasis on fides also pervades Polybius’ own account indicates that this was a live concern that shaped how the Romans conceived of and justified their wars both at home and abroad. It also provides a more robust explanation of Roman expansion in the Greek world. The failure of the Greeks to put aside their quarrels, and Macedon its ambition, following Rome’s lead in return for what the Romans regarded as generous treatment, convinced the Romans that stability and security could only be achieved by a greater show of force. Even in the sack Corinth, and the most cynical Roman act, the obliteration of Carthage, it was not Roman power, but those cities’ breach of fides that the Romans held up to give their actions legitimacy. Advisors/Committee Members: Potter, David S. (committee member), French, Katherine L. (committee member), Terrenato, Nicola (committee member), Schultz, Celia E. (committee member), Forsdyke, Sara (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Roman History; Historiography; Latin; Imperialism; Classical Studies; Humanities

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APA (6^th Edition):

Groves, J. V. (2013). Ethics and Imperialism in Livy. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/97998

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Groves, Joseph Viguers. “Ethics and Imperialism in Livy.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed January 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/97998.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Groves, Joseph Viguers. “Ethics and Imperialism in Livy.” 2013. Web. 17 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Groves JV. Ethics and Imperialism in Livy. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/97998.

Council of Science Editors:

Groves JV. Ethics and Imperialism in Livy. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/97998

10. Kemmerle, Allison. The Performance of Identity in Classical Athens.

Degree: PhD, Greek and Roman History, 2019, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/149997

► Between 350 and 330 BCE, Athenians, facing growing anxieties about attacks on the citizen body, passed a series of laws that penalized foreigners who usurped… (more)

▼ Between 350 and 330 BCE, Athenians, facing growing anxieties about attacks on the citizen body, passed a series of laws that penalized foreigners who usurped the rights of citizenship. Furthermore, Athenian citizens were required to reaffirm their identities before their communities and the court system. This legislation sparked numerous lawsuits which have survived in the speeches of the Attic orators. These orations give modern scholars critical insights into the complicated process through which Athenian citizens proved their identities in court. In Classical Athens, citizens did not rely on public records to confirm their status. Instead, they were required to complete specific performances as members of key identifying groups. These groups included Athenians’ families and their deme and phratry, the two institutions that controlled Athenian citizenship. If citizens’ identities were ever questioned in court, they could call on the members of these organizations as witnesses to the performative acts that defined their civic identity. These performances could be political in nature; for example, citizens could point to the fact that they had held political office as evidence of their status. Athenians could also complete religious performances to establish themselves within their communities; litigants in court often called on their relatives as witnesses to testify that they had completed sacrifices together as a family. Furthermore, Athenians considered mundane activities, or the performances of everyday life, as equally important proofs of identity. These quotidian actions also ranged in nature. Athenians could point to minute daily actions, like socializing with friends or attending school, as evidence of their citizenship. They could also carry out performances within formal institutions that fell outside of typical political activities. For example, Athenians often presented their participation in lawsuits or in arbitrations as proofs of status. This dissertation offers detailed analyses of legal decisions that highlight these everyday performative acts and make clear that mundane activities were as crucial to the establishment of civic identity as the participation within political and religious institutions on which modern scholars have most often concentrated. In examining Athenian forensic speeches in this way, this dissertation redefines Athenian citizenship as a complex identification process in which all Athenians—men, women, slaves, foreigners, citizens, and non-citizens—could take part, either as actors or as audience. Advisors/Committee Members: Forsdyke, Sara L (committee member), Moyer, Ian S (committee member), Neis, Rachel (committee member), Schultz, Celia E (committee member), Sells, Donald (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Classical Athens; civic identity; performance studies; Classical Studies; Humanities

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kemmerle, A. (2019). The Performance of Identity in Classical Athens. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/149997

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kemmerle, Allison. “The Performance of Identity in Classical Athens.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed January 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/149997.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kemmerle, Allison. “The Performance of Identity in Classical Athens.” 2019. Web. 17 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Kemmerle A. The Performance of Identity in Classical Athens. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/149997.

Council of Science Editors:

Kemmerle A. The Performance of Identity in Classical Athens. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/149997

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