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University of Manchester
1.
Jin, Siyu.
Monitoring the Interface of Carbon Fibre and Epoxy
Microcomposites Using Raman Spectroscopy with Single Walled Carbon
Nanotubes as Strain Sensors.
Degree: 2014, University of Manchester
URL: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:219826
► The interfacial micromechanics of both high modulus and low modulus carbon fibres have been investigated using Raman spectroscopy. The innovative step was to make low…
(more)
▼ The interfacial micromechanics of both high modulus
and low modulus carbon fibres have been investigated using Raman
spectroscopy. The innovative step was to make low modulus carbon
fibres more Raman active by coating them with SWNTs to act as as a
strain sensor. Two types of SWNTs have been employed; namely HiPCO
SWNTs and COOH SWNTs.Single fibre deformation tests were carried
out and the Raman band shift rates with respect to fibre strain
have been determined. Meanwhile, different SWNTs coating methods
have been investigated. The method of adding COOH SWNTs into the
silane layer and within a hot cured epoxy layer was found to
generate the highest band shift rates. Furthermore, an
investigation of the effect of SWNTs on the strength of the
interface was also carried out. A coating of COOH SWNTs was found
to significantly improve the interfacial shear
strength.Micromechanical tests have been carried out and the stress
transfer between the carbon fibres and an epoxy resin was monitored
using three different model composite geometries; namely
microdroplet-fibre, a film-fibre and a standard fragmentation
approach. The result of interfacial shear stress determined from
microdroplet-fibre method varied and was found to be highly
dependent on the droplet size and shape; this gave the lowest
values of interfacial shear stress (ISS). The method of film-fibre
obtained an intermediate ISS value which is between that from the
microdroplet model test and the fragmentation test. The standard
fragmentation test using Raman technique gives the highest ISS and
HiPCO SWNTs were found to be a better strain sensor without
affecting the original interfacial properties.
Advisors/Committee Members: Young, Robert.
Subjects/Keywords: Carbon Fibre; Raman Spectroscopy; Single Walled Carbon Fibre; Microcomposites
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APA (6th Edition):
Jin, S. (2014). Monitoring the Interface of Carbon Fibre and Epoxy
Microcomposites Using Raman Spectroscopy with Single Walled Carbon
Nanotubes as Strain Sensors. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:219826
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Jin, Siyu. “Monitoring the Interface of Carbon Fibre and Epoxy
Microcomposites Using Raman Spectroscopy with Single Walled Carbon
Nanotubes as Strain Sensors.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:219826.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Jin, Siyu. “Monitoring the Interface of Carbon Fibre and Epoxy
Microcomposites Using Raman Spectroscopy with Single Walled Carbon
Nanotubes as Strain Sensors.” 2014. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Jin S. Monitoring the Interface of Carbon Fibre and Epoxy
Microcomposites Using Raman Spectroscopy with Single Walled Carbon
Nanotubes as Strain Sensors. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:219826.
Council of Science Editors:
Jin S. Monitoring the Interface of Carbon Fibre and Epoxy
Microcomposites Using Raman Spectroscopy with Single Walled Carbon
Nanotubes as Strain Sensors. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2014. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:219826

University of Manchester
2.
Turland, Darryl Alfred.
Characterisation of Fluoropolymers Modified Chemically
and Morphologically using Rigid Polyimides.
Degree: 2012, University of Manchester
URL: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:145272
► This thesis focused on comparing various levels of a coagent (bismaleimide, BMI) within an unfilled fluoroelastomer (FKM) in both the cured and uncured states, and…
(more)
▼ This thesis focused on comparing various levels of
a coagent (bismaleimide, BMI) within an unfilled fluoroelastomer
(FKM) in both the cured and uncured states, and determining whether
high levels of coagent could still produce an elastomer with
acceptable mechanical properties. Further, to determine any links
between morphology, cure chemistry/kinetics, and the mechanical
properties of the material.Adding BMI as a coagent, even at higher
than normal loadings, was shown to produce a material with
acceptable mechanical properties (as per ASTM D2000). This
conclusion is different to that drawn from literature, where it is
suggested that materials with high levels of coagent are brittle
and cannot form ‘useful’ products.In the uncured state, the BMI
powder acts as a filler of low structure. In the cured state, the
BMI coagent also acts as a filler, with SEM and EDX analysis
demonstrating that any domains of coagent acting as a filler were
below the resolution of the microscope, even though DSC analyses
indicated that the two materials were immiscible. The effectiveness
of the reinforcement using BMI as a coagent at high loadings has
shown to be very high; potentially greater than that of some carbon
blacks in other elastomers. With increasing levels of BMI coagent,
it was also shown that the molecular weight between cross-links
decreased. This occurs even though the elastomer chains can only be
cross-linked at the chain ends. Therefore, it is proposed that the
BMI is forming filler-like domains. However, these interact with
the elastomer molecules, restricting chain mobility. Following
progression of the cure process was possible using infrared
analyses and by rheometer studies, with infra-red analysis shown
not to be as reliable as utilising the rheometer. The cure
reactions associated with increasing BMI content were non-linear
with regards to Arrhenius plots. This demonstrates different
competing reactions when curing the material.
Advisors/Committee Members: Young, Robert.
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Turland, D. A. (2012). Characterisation of Fluoropolymers Modified Chemically
and Morphologically using Rigid Polyimides. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:145272
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Turland, Darryl Alfred. “Characterisation of Fluoropolymers Modified Chemically
and Morphologically using Rigid Polyimides.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:145272.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Turland, Darryl Alfred. “Characterisation of Fluoropolymers Modified Chemically
and Morphologically using Rigid Polyimides.” 2012. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Turland DA. Characterisation of Fluoropolymers Modified Chemically
and Morphologically using Rigid Polyimides. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:145272.
Council of Science Editors:
Turland DA. Characterisation of Fluoropolymers Modified Chemically
and Morphologically using Rigid Polyimides. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2012. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:145272

University of Manchester
3.
Deng, Libo.
Raman Spectroscopic Studies of Carbon Nanotube Composite
Fibres.
Degree: 2011, University of Manchester
URL: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:107213
► The project has been concerned with structure/property relationships in a series of different carbon nanotube (CNT) composite fibres. Raman spectroscopy has been proved to be…
(more)
▼ The project has been concerned with
structure/property relationships in a series of different carbon
nanotube (CNT) composite fibres. Raman spectroscopy has been proved
to be a powerful technique to characterise the CNT-containing
fibres. Electrospinning has been used to prepare poly(vinyl
alcohol) (PVA) nanofibres containing single-wall carbon nanotubes
(SWNTs). The effect of the processing conditions including the
polymer concentration, electric voltage, tip-to-collector distance,
nanotube concentration and the collection method upon the
morphology, diameter and the alignment of the fibres have been
investigated.Raman spectroscopy of individual SWNTs dispersed in
PVA electrospun fibres have been studied systematically in terms of
the Raman band frequency, intensity and linewidth. The G'-band
shift per unit strain during tensile deformation has been found to
be dependent on the nanotube chirality. A detailed study has been
undertaken of the efficiency of reinforcement in PVA/SWNT
nanocomposites. The stress-induced Raman band shifts in the
nanocomposites have been shown to be controlled by both geometric
factors such as the angles between the nanotube axis, the stressing
direction and the direction of laser polarisation, and by finite
length effects and bundling. A theory has been developed that takes
into account all of these factors and enables the behavior of the
different forms of nanocomposite, both fibres and films, to be
compared.The effects of dispersion and orientation of nanotubes and
the interfacial adhesion on mechanical properties of
poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA)/SWNTs composite fibres
have been investigated. It has been shown the change of orientation
of the polymer molecules upon incorporating nanotubes had direct
effect on mechanical properties of the PPTA fibres. An in-situ
Raman spectroscopy study during fibre deformation has revealed good
stress transfer from the matrix to nanotubes in low strain range,
and the interface failed when the strain exceeded 0.5%.Raman
spectroscopy has also been employed to investigate the
microstructure and micromechanical process of neat carbon nanotube
(CNT) fibres. It has been found the fibres consisted of both SWNTs
and MWNTs and varied in composition at different locations. High
efficiency of stress transfer both within the fibre and in
composites has been observed, suggesting the promising potential of
CNT fibres in reinforcing polymers.
Advisors/Committee Members: Young, Robert.
Subjects/Keywords: Raman spectroscopy; Carbon nanotubes
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Deng, L. (2011). Raman Spectroscopic Studies of Carbon Nanotube Composite
Fibres. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:107213
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Deng, Libo. “Raman Spectroscopic Studies of Carbon Nanotube Composite
Fibres.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:107213.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Deng, Libo. “Raman Spectroscopic Studies of Carbon Nanotube Composite
Fibres.” 2011. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Deng L. Raman Spectroscopic Studies of Carbon Nanotube Composite
Fibres. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:107213.
Council of Science Editors:
Deng L. Raman Spectroscopic Studies of Carbon Nanotube Composite
Fibres. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2011. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:107213

University of Manchester
4.
Viita, David.
Static and Dynamic Raman Spectroscopic Studies of Woven
Body Armour.
Degree: 2014, University of Manchester
URL: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:217580
► This thesis, by David Viita, submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the University of Manchester in September 2013, entitled “Static and Dynamic…
(more)
▼ This thesis, by David Viita, submitted for the
degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the
University of
Manchester in
September 2013, entitled “Static and Dynamic Raman Spectroscopic
Studies of Woven Body Armour”, studies the behaviour under strain
of the high strength para-aramid polymer fibre, Twaron® and fabrics
woven from it using Raman spectroscopy. These fabrics are widely
used in armour and the project aimed to understand how strain
developed in them during penetration. Three key conclusions were
reached. Firstly, as well as shifting near-linearly with strain,
the 1610 cm-1 spectral peak of Twaron broadens reversibly with
strain. The broadening follows an exponential curve. Others have
attributed this broadening to either molecular-level shear lag or
misorientation of the pleated crystallites causing unequal loading.
However, analysis of the data herein contradicts both
hypotheses.Secondly, in order to understand the shear lag that
occurs as fibres are strained over metal surfaces, Twaron yarns and
filaments were stretched over metal rods to replicate and extend
previous work by Kuo. Reasonable agreement with Kuo was found.
Fabric were then strained step-wise by indenting the fabric with a
bullet-shaped head. The strain in these fabrics was mapped from
yarn and sub-yarn (microscale) levels through Raman spectroscopy,
using the dependencies measured earlier in the thesis. The strain
along yarns was found to decay with distance from the bullet, due
to friction with transverse yarns. This data was initially fitted
with 2D Gaussian and Voigt curves. A theoretical underpinning was
then developed presenting a similar, yet distinct, behaviour to an
exponential decay. Typically, the strain decayed to 36% of its peak
value by 15 yarns distance (1.8 cm) from the bullet apex. The
strain was also mapped in two-layer fabrics which had a
misorientation between the layers. These two-layer fabrics had a
more “circular” strain profile than single-layer fabrics.Finally,
the measurement of strain in real time through Raman spectroscopy
was considered (“dynamic strain” tests). A spectrum simulator was
built in Excel® to predict how Raman spectra would appear when
taken from samples which changed strain state during the
measurement. This simulation produced realistic-looking spectra and
were analysed in the same manner as real data. The main difference
between spectra taken at a single strain and those taken with
changing strain was an increase in the apparent width of the peaks
due to their shifting during the measurement. Noise was added to
the simulated spectra through analysis of experimental data taken
at different exposure times.The simulation was then used to predict
the minimum change in strain that could be measured given the
signal noise. This is essential groundwork to interpreting spectra
taken during a shooting test on a fabric panel. It was predicted
that static curves could be distinguished from dynamic ones (0% to
3.4% strain) in spectra taken in 50 ms or less. Longer exposure
times enabled slower strain-changes to be…
Advisors/Committee Members: YOUNG, ROBERT RJ, Young, Robert, Kinloch, Ian.
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Viita, D. (2014). Static and Dynamic Raman Spectroscopic Studies of Woven
Body Armour. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:217580
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Viita, David. “Static and Dynamic Raman Spectroscopic Studies of Woven
Body Armour.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:217580.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Viita, David. “Static and Dynamic Raman Spectroscopic Studies of Woven
Body Armour.” 2014. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Viita D. Static and Dynamic Raman Spectroscopic Studies of Woven
Body Armour. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:217580.
Council of Science Editors:
Viita D. Static and Dynamic Raman Spectroscopic Studies of Woven
Body Armour. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2014. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:217580

University of Manchester
5.
Cao, Gaoxiang.
Multi-functional epoxy/graphene nanoplatelet
composites.
Degree: 2016, University of Manchester
URL: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:301217
► Graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) with thickness of 6 ~ 8 nm and lateral dimension of 5 μm (M5) and 25 μm (M25) have been used to…
(more)
▼ Graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) with thickness of 6 ~
8 nm and lateral dimension of 5 μm (M5) and 25 μm (M25) have been
used to prepare epoxy composites. Epoxy composites were fabricated
initially by shear mixing to investigate the effects of filler type
on the structure and properties of composites. The complex
viscosity of GNP-epoxy mixture was found to increase by almost
three orders of magnitude going from the neat epoxy to the 8 wt.%
loading, leading to difficulties in their processing. Scanning
electron microscopy of the composites showed that both fillers
aggregated at high loadings with the M25 buckling more easily due
to its larger diameter, which compromises its aspect ratio
advantage over M5, resulting in only slightly better mechanical
performance. Polarized Raman spectroscopy revealed that both M5 and
M25 were randomly distributed in the epoxy matrix, After adding M5
and M25 fillers, the storage modulus increase with the filler
loadings, however, the glass transition temperature (Tg) drops
slightly after initial incorporation, then rises with further
filler addition attributed to the pin effects of filler
aggregations. In terms of electrical property, M25 has lower
percolation (1 wt.%) than M5 composites due to its bigger aspect
ratio, which enable M25 to form a conductive network more
efficiently. Furthermore, M25 composites also have slightly better
thermal and mechanical properties over that of M5 composites.
However, the difference is not significant considering the aspect
ratio of M25 is five times of that of M5. The reason is that the
aggregation and buckling of M25 compromise its advantage over M5.
Due to the better performance of M25 as filler, M25/epoxy
composites were prepared by shear mixing, solvent compounding and
three-roll mill. Samples made by solvent compounding display the
lowest percolation threshold (0.5 wt.%), related to its relatively
uniform dispersion of M25 in matrix, resulting in higher thermal
conductivity and better mechanical properties. Water uptake in a
water bath at 50 °C took 75 days to be saturated. Higher loaded
samples have lower diffusion coefficient because of the barrier
effects of GNP fillers, but have higher maximum water absorbed,
which is owing to filler aggregation. Properties test of aged and
unaged specimens show thermal conductivity of the aged was enhanced
due to water’s higher thermal conductivity than epoxy resin matrix,
while electrical performance was compromised due to the swelling
effects caused by absorbed water. The mechanical properties of aged
samples also dropped slightly due to plasticization
effects.
Advisors/Committee Members: YOUNG, ROBERT RJ, Young, Robert, Kinloch, Ian.
Subjects/Keywords: Eopxy; Graphene nanoplatelet; composites; Impedance
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Cao, G. (2016). Multi-functional epoxy/graphene nanoplatelet
composites. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:301217
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Cao, Gaoxiang. “Multi-functional epoxy/graphene nanoplatelet
composites.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:301217.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Cao, Gaoxiang. “Multi-functional epoxy/graphene nanoplatelet
composites.” 2016. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Cao G. Multi-functional epoxy/graphene nanoplatelet
composites. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:301217.
Council of Science Editors:
Cao G. Multi-functional epoxy/graphene nanoplatelet
composites. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2016. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:301217

University of Manchester
6.
Yenni, Yenni.
THE EFFECTS OF TURBULENT KINETIC ENERGY, PHOSPHORUS
CONCENTRATION, SUSPENDED SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION, AND TIME INTERVAL
OF PHOSPHORUS LOADING ON PHOSPHORUS ADSORPTION ON SUSPENDED
SEDIMENT.
Degree: 2020, University of Manchester
URL: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:323874
► This study reports the effects of four environmental factors on the amount of phosphorus adsorbed on suspended kaolin by applying the Box Behnken experimental design…
(more)
▼ This study reports the effects of four
environmental factors on the amount of phosphorus adsorbed on
suspended kaolin by applying the Box Behnken experimental design
and response surface methodology. Two factors (e.g. the phosphorus
and suspended sediment concentration) were screened out from the
literature review about variables having significant correlation
with the phosphorus adsorption. The other two factors (e.g. the
turbulent kinetic energy and time interval of phosphorus loading)
are new variables which are to the knowledge of the author have
never been considered adequately in the previous studies of
phosphorus adsorption. However, they potentially affect the amount
of phosphorus adsorbed on sediment. The range of turbulent kinetic
energy (47.9 to 707.9 cm/s2), the phosphorus concentration (3 to 6
mg/L), the suspended kaolin concentration (500 to 2100 mg/L), and
the time interval of phosphorus loading (30 minutes to eight hours)
are selected for the study in order to represent the condition in
Brantas River, Indonesia (after the period of wet season but before
the dry season starting from around March to May each year) which
was reported to have a problem with high level of phosphorus and
suspended sediment. The phosphorus adsorption are measured in 27
runs of laboratory experiments by using a mixing box with 48 Litre
of water volume oscillated by a horizontal grid producing a
relatively isotropic homogeneous turbulent in the horizontal plane.
Samples of water were taken and measured for phosphorus
concentration at the beginning and every two hours during the total
of eight hours of experimental runs by using DR3900
spectrophotometer. The amount of phosphorus adsorbed on suspended
kaolin was calculated as the difference between the amount of
PO43-P loaded into the mixing box and the PO43-P concentration
measured on the sampling time. The study shows that second order
models provide the best fit to the adsorption data at two, four and
eight hours of residence time (with R2=77.51%, 79.94%, 49.86%,
respectively). A first order model with interaction terms provides
the best fit to the data at six hour of residence time (R2 is
47.51%). Among the factors, the time interval of phosphorus loading
has the most significant effect on phosphorus adsorption. The
phosphorus concentration has greater effect at the beginning of the
reaction and the effect is less significant in the later duration
of observations. The suspended kaolin concentration has less effect
in the beginning of reaction, but the effect increases as the
duration of reactions increases. The turbulent kinetic energy shows
a more significant contribution in its quadratic form in the first
six hours of the experiment, and the effect diminishes in the last
two hours of residence time.
Advisors/Committee Members: YOUNG, ROBERT RJ, Lane-Serff, Gregory, Young, Robert.
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Yenni, Y. (2020). THE EFFECTS OF TURBULENT KINETIC ENERGY, PHOSPHORUS
CONCENTRATION, SUSPENDED SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION, AND TIME INTERVAL
OF PHOSPHORUS LOADING ON PHOSPHORUS ADSORPTION ON SUSPENDED
SEDIMENT. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:323874
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Yenni, Yenni. “THE EFFECTS OF TURBULENT KINETIC ENERGY, PHOSPHORUS
CONCENTRATION, SUSPENDED SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION, AND TIME INTERVAL
OF PHOSPHORUS LOADING ON PHOSPHORUS ADSORPTION ON SUSPENDED
SEDIMENT.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:323874.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Yenni, Yenni. “THE EFFECTS OF TURBULENT KINETIC ENERGY, PHOSPHORUS
CONCENTRATION, SUSPENDED SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION, AND TIME INTERVAL
OF PHOSPHORUS LOADING ON PHOSPHORUS ADSORPTION ON SUSPENDED
SEDIMENT.” 2020. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Yenni Y. THE EFFECTS OF TURBULENT KINETIC ENERGY, PHOSPHORUS
CONCENTRATION, SUSPENDED SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION, AND TIME INTERVAL
OF PHOSPHORUS LOADING ON PHOSPHORUS ADSORPTION ON SUSPENDED
SEDIMENT. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2020. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:323874.
Council of Science Editors:
Yenni Y. THE EFFECTS OF TURBULENT KINETIC ENERGY, PHOSPHORUS
CONCENTRATION, SUSPENDED SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION, AND TIME INTERVAL
OF PHOSPHORUS LOADING ON PHOSPHORUS ADSORPTION ON SUSPENDED
SEDIMENT. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2020. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:323874

University of Manchester
7.
Wang, Fang.
Raman and Photoluminescence Spectroscopic Studies of the
Micromechanics of WS2 Nanocomposites.
Degree: 2018, University of Manchester
URL: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:313220
► The reinforcement mechanism in WS2-based nanocomposites has been investigated in the project. It started with the deformation analysis on the micromechanical exfoliated WS2 (monolayer and…
(more)
▼ The reinforcement mechanism in WS2-based
nanocomposites has been investigated in the project. It started
with the deformation analysis on the micromechanical exfoliated WS2
(monolayer and fewlayer) and nanotube WS2 using photoluminescence
(monolayer only) and Raman spectroscopies. For monolayer, a massive
PL energy shift has been observed caused by uniaxial tensile strain
engineered optical bandgap. A new feature in the PL spectra
corresponding to the indirect band gap transition (Γ-T) has
emerged under moderate uniaxial stress level. In all cases,
significant Raman band shifts have been found for both E2g1 and A1g
modes due to strain-induced phonon softening. The E2g1 mode
undergoes splitting at high strain level, which was taken advantage
of to determine the crystalline orientation of exfoliated WS2. A
systematic study has been undertaken on the monolayer, bilayer,
trilayer and fewlayer WS2 under deformation to determine the
optimum the number of layers for reinforcement. An anomalous phonon
behavior for the thicker WS2 during deformation has been found and
addressed. By following the E2g1 mode and PL energy band, the
stress transfer in exfoliated WS2 has been examined in a model
composite under uniaxial strain. These behaviors have demonstrated
the WS2 can act as reinforcing phase in its nanocomposites and the
behavior can be predicted with shear lag theory. The study has also
suggested moderated interfacial bonding between the WS2 and polymer
matrix and given an implication of the use of WS2 for polymer
reinforcement. Finally, the bulk PVA nanocomposites reinforced by
liquid exfoliated WS2 were investigated to validate our finding
from the model composites. Significant increase in
Young’s modulus occurs at a very low WS2 loading. The
most effective reinforcement is brought by the incorporation of WS2
at 1.2 wt% fractions. The effective modulus of WS2 in the
composites was calculated by the rule of mixture. The interlayer
slippage of fewlayer WS2 has been found to be a significant factor
that compromises the reinforcing effect.
N\A
N\A
Advisors/Committee Members: YOUNG, ROBERT RJ, Kinloch, Ian, Young, Robert.
Subjects/Keywords: WS2; Raman; Photoluminescence; Polymer Nanocomposites
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Wang, F. (2018). Raman and Photoluminescence Spectroscopic Studies of the
Micromechanics of WS2 Nanocomposites. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:313220
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wang, Fang. “Raman and Photoluminescence Spectroscopic Studies of the
Micromechanics of WS2 Nanocomposites.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:313220.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wang, Fang. “Raman and Photoluminescence Spectroscopic Studies of the
Micromechanics of WS2 Nanocomposites.” 2018. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Wang F. Raman and Photoluminescence Spectroscopic Studies of the
Micromechanics of WS2 Nanocomposites. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:313220.
Council of Science Editors:
Wang F. Raman and Photoluminescence Spectroscopic Studies of the
Micromechanics of WS2 Nanocomposites. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2018. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:313220

University of Manchester
8.
Howarth, James Andrew.
Exciton Dynamics in van der Waals
Heterostructures.
Degree: 2020, University of Manchester
URL: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:323763
► This work details the fabrication and measurement of various two-dimensional (2D) material light emitting diodes, constructed as heterostructures of graphene, hexagonal boron nitride and transition…
(more)
▼ This work details the fabrication and measurement
of various two-dimensional (2D) material light emitting diodes,
constructed as heterostructures of graphene, hexagonal boron
nitride and transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers.
Devices are created for two different projects in order to study
two interest topics currently at the forefront of 2D materials
research: interlayer excitons (IXs) and single photon emitters
(SPEs). For the IX studies, devices are fabricated in order to
electrically inject electrons and holes into a type-II band
alignment heterojunction formed from WSe2 and MoS2 monolayers.
Electroluminescence measurements of the devices demonstrated the
formation and emission of the expected interlayer exciton, between
the two K/K' points of the materials. The observed emission is
confirmed to be the interlayer exciton by its bias dependent
emission energy, which undergoes a blueshift to higher energies as
the bias is increased. This behaviour is explainable by considering
how the relative band alignment of each material shifts with
increasing bias. In addition, an upconversion process arising from
IX-IX interactions is also observed in three of the devices and a
similar upconversion-like process in one more. In this case, IX-IX
interactions allow the population of intralayer exciton states in
each TMD at biases where direct electrical injection into these
states is not possible. A mechanism for this is proposed by which a
large population of charge carriers may be achieved due to the
different positions of the K/K' points in the two TMDs, making
radiative recombination unfavourable. For the SPE project, a method
of fabrication is developed, building upon previous reports, in
order to purposely induce SPEs in specific locations of WSe2 and
WS2 which could then be transferred to other locations while
retaining the SPEs. The second half of Chapter 6 discusses
photoluminescence and electroluminescence phenomena observed in an
LED fabricated using the developed method. Narrow peaks indicative
of SPEs are observed with a wide range of different bias dependent
and magnetic field dependent behaviours. These different behaviours
are quantified in that section.
Advisors/Committee Members: YOUNG, ROBERT RJ, Novoselov, Konstantin, Young, Robert.
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Howarth, J. A. (2020). Exciton Dynamics in van der Waals
Heterostructures. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:323763
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Howarth, James Andrew. “Exciton Dynamics in van der Waals
Heterostructures.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:323763.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Howarth, James Andrew. “Exciton Dynamics in van der Waals
Heterostructures.” 2020. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Howarth JA. Exciton Dynamics in van der Waals
Heterostructures. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2020. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:323763.
Council of Science Editors:
Howarth JA. Exciton Dynamics in van der Waals
Heterostructures. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2020. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:323763

University of Manchester
9.
Omotoso, Toyin.
Water quality profiling of rivers in a data-poor area:
Southwest Nigeria.
Degree: 2016, University of Manchester
URL: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:305657
► The current state of the art in water quality profiling is reviewed to lay a foundation in addressing concerns over poor data in developing countries…
(more)
▼ The current state of the art in water quality
profiling is reviewed to lay a foundation in addressing concerns
over poor data in developing countries which has not been
adequately covered by previous models. A particular focus is made
on Ogbese River, southwest Nigeria as a case study. A process-based
model with data-filling capability is projected which transforms
processes into an event as a reasonably easy way for assessing and
predicting river-water quality in the event of constraints in data
collection. The structure of the study involves: (i) hydrologic
modelling, (ii) hydraulic load modelling and (iii) instream water
quality modelling. The hydrologic modelling assesses and makes use
of satellite based rainfall estimates subject to processing and
reliability tests. A modification to the conceptual relationship of
rainfall distribution frequency which makes the model output
sensitive to the season was derived. The hydraulic load modelling
integrates diffuse sources of pollutant as spatial data in
combination with the catchment runoff. A distance decay weighing
factor was introduced into the export coefficient to better
determine the effective load delivered into the stream. The utility
of the model, implemented on WASP platform, was demonstrated by
showing how it can be used for scenario testing. Different
modelling concepts were evaluated in view of their ability to
produce predictions under changing circumstances using the
predictions as guide to management. This study promotes a knowledge
base in water quality processes by evaluation of the processes
which lead to the end product rather than using data monitoring.
The study structures understanding of the phenomena that
characterises river water quality and tailors it towards regulatory
applications and catchment planning. It, also, provides a
sustainable strategy to predict the river water quality, evaluate
the risks, and take proactive action in setting up an early warning
system, for data-poor regions.
No
No
No
Advisors/Committee Members: YOUNG, ROBERT RJ, Young, Robert, Lane-Serff, Gregory.
Subjects/Keywords: •Water quality; data-poor area; process-based model;
sustainable strategy
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Omotoso, T. (2016). Water quality profiling of rivers in a data-poor area:
Southwest Nigeria. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:305657
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Omotoso, Toyin. “Water quality profiling of rivers in a data-poor area:
Southwest Nigeria.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:305657.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Omotoso, Toyin. “Water quality profiling of rivers in a data-poor area:
Southwest Nigeria.” 2016. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Omotoso T. Water quality profiling of rivers in a data-poor area:
Southwest Nigeria. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:305657.
Council of Science Editors:
Omotoso T. Water quality profiling of rivers in a data-poor area:
Southwest Nigeria. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2016. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:305657

University of Manchester
10.
Lin, Fei.
Production, Structure and Properties of Nanocarbon
Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites.
Degree: 2019, University of Manchester
URL: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:322581
► Aluminium (Al) matrix composites, reinforced with 0.3, 0.5 or 1.0 wt. % graphene oxide (GO) or 0.5 wt. % carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were fabricated by…
(more)
▼ Aluminium (Al) matrix composites, reinforced with
0.3, 0.5 or 1.0 wt. % graphene oxide (GO) or 0.5 wt. % carbon
nanotubes (CNTs) were fabricated by the powder metallurgy (PM)
method comprised a ball milling step followed by hot extrusion. The
microstructure, texture, interfacial reactions and mechanical
behaviours of the composites were analysed and discussed and
compared with the control aluminium samples. In particular, in-situ
Raman spectroscopy was conducted during four-point bending tests to
investigate the interfacial stress transfer between the GO/CNTs and
the Al. The Al/GO composite exhibited a more refined microstructure
than pure Al due to the pinning effects of GO, which led to
improved mechanical properties. Whereas, the Al/CNT composite,
possessed the same mean grain size as the unreinforced material and
exhibited a decreased compressive yield stress, which was
attributed the low load transfer to the nanotubes due to their
large degree of agglomeration. Copper-tungsten composites were
produced by decorating graphene oxide (GO) flakes with 8 nm
diameter CuWO4.2H2O nanoparticles and then sintering them to form
the final component. The oxide nanoparticles were found to
self-assemble into platelets from the surfaces of the graphene
flakes. Upon sintering, the presence of graphene changed the final
grain morphology from an elongated needle to a polyhedral shape.
The oxide nanoparticles were not fully reduced to a pure metal,
whereas the GO was hydrogenated after the sintering, verified by
Raman spectroscopy. Cu-W matrix composites with different loadings
of GO were also successfully produced by flake powder metallurgy
which comprised of ball milling followed by spark plasma sintering.
Composites at all the loadings GO used (0.1 - 0.5 wt. %) showed
improved modulus relative to the base Cu20W80 system. The optimal
loading was found to be 0.1 wt. % GO for composites sintered at
temperatures of both 1000 and 1100 degree Celsius. These composites
had a higher Youngs modulus, yield strength, ultimate compressive
strength, strain to failure and electrical conductivity than the
control samples. The mechanical performance was further improved at
the higher temperature of 1100 degree Celsius. The wear resistance
the Cu20W80 was not affected by the addition of graphene. Higher
loadings of graphene were found to embrittle the composites and
reduce their electrical conductivity of the
composites.
Advisors/Committee Members: YOUNG, ROBERT RJ, Kinloch, Ian, Young, Robert.
Subjects/Keywords: Metal matrix composite; Graphene oxide; Carbon nanotube
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Lin, F. (2019). Production, Structure and Properties of Nanocarbon
Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:322581
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Lin, Fei. “Production, Structure and Properties of Nanocarbon
Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:322581.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Lin, Fei. “Production, Structure and Properties of Nanocarbon
Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites.” 2019. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Lin F. Production, Structure and Properties of Nanocarbon
Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:322581.
Council of Science Editors:
Lin F. Production, Structure and Properties of Nanocarbon
Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2019. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:322581

University of Manchester
11.
Alharbi, Abdulaziz Nagi D.
Deformation of Hexagonal Boron nitride.
Degree: 2018, University of Manchester
URL: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:317073
► Boron nitride (BN) materials have unique properties, which has led to interest in them in the last few years. The deformation of boron nitride materials…
(more)
▼ Boron nitride (BN) materials have unique
properties, which has led to interest in them in the last few
years. The deformation of boron nitride materials including
hexagonal boron nitride, boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) and boron
nitride nanotubes have been studied by Raman spectroscopy. Both
mechanical and liquid exfoliations were employed to obtain boron
nitride nanostructures. Boron nitride glass composites were
synthesised and prepared in thin films to be deformed by bending
test in-situ Raman spectroscopy. Hexagonal boron nitride in the
form of an individual flake and as flakes dispersed in glass
matrices has been deformed and Raman measurement shows its response
to strain. The shift rates were, -4.2 cm-1/%, -6.5 cm-1/% for
exfoliated h-BN flake with thick and thin regions and -7.0 cm-1/%,
-2.8 cm-1/% for the h-BN flakes in the h-BN/ glass (I) and glass
(II) composites. Boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) shows a G band
Raman peak at 1367.5 cm-1, and the deformation process of BNNSs/
glass composites gives a shift rate of -7.65 cm-1/% for G band.
Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) have a Raman peak with position at
1368 cm-1, and their deformation individually and in composites
gives Raman band shift rates of -25.7 cm-1/% and -23.6 cm-1/%.
Glass matrices shows compressive stresses on boron nitride fillers
and this was found as an upshift in the frequencies of G band peak
of boron nitride materials. Grüneisen parameters of boron nitride
(BN) were used to calculate the residual strains in glass matrices
of BNNSs nanocomposites as well as to estimate the band shift rates
which found to be in agreement with the experimental shift rate of
bulk BN and BNNTs.
Advisors/Committee Members: KINLOCH, IAN IA, Young, Robert, Kinloch, Ian.
Subjects/Keywords: boron nitride materials; hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN); boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs); boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs); nanocomposites; Raman spectroscopy; deformation and glass composites.
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Alharbi, A. N. D. (2018). Deformation of Hexagonal Boron nitride. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:317073
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Alharbi, Abdulaziz Nagi D. “Deformation of Hexagonal Boron nitride.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:317073.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Alharbi, Abdulaziz Nagi D. “Deformation of Hexagonal Boron nitride.” 2018. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Alharbi AND. Deformation of Hexagonal Boron nitride. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:317073.
Council of Science Editors:
Alharbi AND. Deformation of Hexagonal Boron nitride. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2018. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:317073
12.
Li, Suhao.
Structure/Property Relationships in Elastomers Filled
with Graphite Nanoplatelets.
Degree: 2018, University of Manchester
URL: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:313086
► The microstructure and properties have been investigated in nanocomposites consisting of graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs) in natural rubber (NR) and nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR). Nanocomposites with…
(more)
▼ The microstructure and properties have been
investigated in nanocomposites consisting of graphite nanoplatelets
(GNPs) in natural rubber (NR) and nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR).
Nanocomposites with four different loadings of three different
sized GNPs (nominal lateral dimension of 5, 15 and 25 microns) were
prepared that were bench-marked against nanocomposites loaded with
N330 carbon black. The materials were processed using conventional
melt-processing methods in a two-roll mill and the composition of
the nanocomposites was confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis. The
microstructure of the nanocomposites was characterised though a
combination of scanning electron microscopy, polarised Raman
spectroscopy and X-ray computer tomography (CT) scanning, where it
was shown that the GNPs were well dispersed with a preferred
orientation parallel to the surface of the nanocomposite sheets.
The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were evaluated
through tensile testing, Shore A hardness testing and tear testing.
It was shown that, for a given loading, there was a three times
greater increase in stiffness for the GNPs than for the carbon
black. The size effect of the particles is significant in the
mechanical properties. Stress transfer from the NR and the NBR to
the GNPs was evaluated from stress-induced Raman bands shifts
indicating that the effective Young’s modulus of the GNPs in the
NR was only of the order of 100 MPa, similar to the value evaluated
using the rule of mixtures from the stress-strain data. A
comprehensive theory was developed to explain the deficiency of the
stress transfer in soft matrix systems. Transport properties
including solvent diffusion and thermal conductivity were
investigated. Anisotropic swelling was observed for all the GNPs
composites due to the orientation of the GNP flakes. The diffusion
coefficient decreases with the increasing loading of the fillers
and the increasing particle size. Thermal conductivity was enhanced
with the addition of the fillers and the largest particle gives
rise to the highest enhancement.
For the CT scanning videos of GNP/NR
nanocomposites, please see the following link
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10853-017-1144-0.
Advisors/Committee Members: KINLOCH, IAN IA, Young, Robert, Kinloch, Ian.
Subjects/Keywords: GNP; Elastomer; Structure; Mechanical properties; Swelling behaviour; Thermal conductivity; Stress transfer; Shear-lag theory; Raman band shift
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Li, S. (2018). Structure/Property Relationships in Elastomers Filled
with Graphite Nanoplatelets. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:313086
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Li, Suhao. “Structure/Property Relationships in Elastomers Filled
with Graphite Nanoplatelets.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:313086.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Li, Suhao. “Structure/Property Relationships in Elastomers Filled
with Graphite Nanoplatelets.” 2018. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Li S. Structure/Property Relationships in Elastomers Filled
with Graphite Nanoplatelets. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:313086.
Council of Science Editors:
Li S. Structure/Property Relationships in Elastomers Filled
with Graphite Nanoplatelets. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2018. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:313086
13.
Zhao, Xin.
Mechanical Properties of Graphene and Graphene-based
Nanocomposites.
Degree: 2018, University of Manchester
URL: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:313601
► A detailed review has been undertaken upon graphene and graphene reinforced epoxy nanocomposites. In addition, the literature on Raman spectroscopy and its application in graphene…
(more)
▼ A detailed review has been undertaken upon graphene
and graphene reinforced epoxy nanocomposites. In addition, the
literature on Raman spectroscopy and its application in graphene
and graphene nanocomposites has also been reviewed. The deformation
and fracture behaviour of one-atom-thick monolayer graphene has
been studied in detail. Monolayer graphene flakes with different
widths and shapes were successfully prepared by mechanical
exfoliation and pressed onto PMMA beams. It has been possible to
follow the fracture behaviour of one-atom-thick monolayer graphene
by deforming the PMMA beams. Through in-situ Raman mapping at
different strain levels, the strains over the whole flake were
determined from the shift of the graphene Raman 2D band. The
fracture of the flakes was observed from the development of zero
strain lines that prefer to form in a direction perpendicular to
the strain axis but it still tends to follow the zig-zag or
armchair crystallographic direction in graphene single crystal if
the angle is close. It was found that the strength of the monolayer
graphene flakes with no clear edge defects decreases with an
increase in the flake width. The strength dropped to only 5 GPa for
some large flakes, much less than the reported 130 GPa. This was
thought to be due to the presence of topological defects that may
form pseudo cracks. It was also found that the strength for small
monolayer graphene flakes with pre-existing cracks and notched
edges is only about 4 to 5 GPa. Seven different kinds of graphene
materials with different microstructural parameters including flake
width, thickness, defect concentration and chemical
functionalization have been studied and used to fabricate the
nanocomposites with an epoxy matrix. Graphene materials with higher
aspect ratios have been found to give better reinforcement than
those with lower aspect ratios. Oxidative functional groups on
graphene flakes can help achieve a better dispersion but they also
can compromise the mechanical properties of the graphene materials.
The strength of pristine graphene reinforced epoxy nanocomposites
is dominated by the width of the graphene flakes and the dispersion
quality of graphene materials within epoxy matrix. The narrower the
graphene flakes or the better the dispersion, the higher the
strength. Defects in the functionalised graphene flakes have
potential to nucleate cracks within the nanocomposites and cause
premature fracture that reduces the strength.
Advisors/Committee Members: KINLOCH, IAN IA, Young, Robert, Kinloch, Ian.
Subjects/Keywords: Raman; Graphene; Strength; Toughness; Reinforcement Effect
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Zhao, X. (2018). Mechanical Properties of Graphene and Graphene-based
Nanocomposites. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:313601
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Zhao, Xin. “Mechanical Properties of Graphene and Graphene-based
Nanocomposites.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:313601.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Zhao, Xin. “Mechanical Properties of Graphene and Graphene-based
Nanocomposites.” 2018. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Zhao X. Mechanical Properties of Graphene and Graphene-based
Nanocomposites. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:313601.
Council of Science Editors:
Zhao X. Mechanical Properties of Graphene and Graphene-based
Nanocomposites. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2018. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:313601

University of Manchester
14.
Mohammed, Mahdi Ahmed.
The use of Raman Spectroscopy to Study Carbon
Nanotubes.
Degree: 2018, University of Manchester
URL: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:315335
► This project has studied different types of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) using Raman spectroscopy. Bundled CNTs, such as single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs)…
(more)
▼ This project has studied different types of carbon
nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) using Raman
spectroscopy. Bundled CNTs, such as single-walled carbon nanotubes
(SWNTs) and double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) have been
isolated in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) fibres using blow spinning so
that the CNTs with different lengths are well aligned in the PVA
fibres. Radial breathing modes (RBMs) of the isolated nanotubes has
been characterised in terms of their frequency, intensity, and
linewidth. The intensity of the RBM is comparable to its G band and
most of the metallic tubes show a high RBM intensity with abroad G-
band, while most of the semiconducting tubes show a different
behaviour. The interlayer spacing between inner and outer layers of
isolated DWNT was determined when both tubes were in resonance with
the same laser energy. The inner tube can be accommodated in
different outer tubes and a small interlayer spacing affects the
interband transition energy. Small inner nanotubes were found in
DWNTs using both transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman
spectroscopy. A high RBM frequency with splitting of the D band is
a characteristic feature to identify small nanotubes. However, some
artefacts have similar features to the RBM peaks. These artefacts
can be distinguished from the nanotube spectra. For example, the
spectra of remaining catalyst do not have D, G, and 2D bands, and
the intermediate frequency modes appear only with specific RBM
frequencies. The D and G bands were shown to be sensitive to the
surrounding environment. Tight-binding calculations have shown that
some chiralities of small tubes have a band gap close to the 633 nm
laser energy, while another has a band gap outside the laser energy
range. The mechanical interface of CNTs/PVA and CNTs/epoxy
composite films were also monitored using the Raman 2D band shift
of the CNTs per unit tensile strain. The stress transfer between
the inner and outer shells of DWNTs/PVA was found to be variable.
The average internal stress transfer (ð‘˜ð‘–) factor is 0.73,
similar to that of MWNTs and few-layer graphene. Multi-walled
carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and unfunctionalised and functionalised
graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have also been isolated using organic
solvents and the structure of the isolated nanocarbons was
determined. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission
electron microscopy (TEM) have shown the ribbons are unzipped
longitudinally but many of them are only partially open. The PVA
and epoxy matrices were also used with both the GNRs and MWNTs. The
stress-induced Raman band shift in the GNR and MWNT composites has
shown to be variable depending on the structure of the
nanomaterials. The unfunctionalised GNR composites have a better
interface than the MWNT composites, while the alkyl-functionalised
GNRs were found to have a poor mechanical interface in the
composites.
Advisors/Committee Members: KINLOCH, IAN IA, Young, Robert, Kinloch, Ian.
Subjects/Keywords: Carbon nanotubes; Raman spectroscopy; Graphene nanoribbons
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Mohammed, M. A. (2018). The use of Raman Spectroscopy to Study Carbon
Nanotubes. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:315335
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Mohammed, Mahdi Ahmed. “The use of Raman Spectroscopy to Study Carbon
Nanotubes.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:315335.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Mohammed, Mahdi Ahmed. “The use of Raman Spectroscopy to Study Carbon
Nanotubes.” 2018. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Mohammed MA. The use of Raman Spectroscopy to Study Carbon
Nanotubes. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:315335.
Council of Science Editors:
Mohammed MA. The use of Raman Spectroscopy to Study Carbon
Nanotubes. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2018. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:315335

University of Manchester
15.
Innes, James.
Graphene nanoplatelet reinforced elastomers for the Oil
& Gas Industry.
Degree: 2019, University of Manchester
URL: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:320567
► Graphene related materials have recently become of great interest for polymer reinforcement owing to their high Young’s modulus and aspect ratio. These properties, as well…
(more)
▼ Graphene related materials have recently become of
great interest for polymer reinforcement owing to their high
Young’s modulus and aspect ratio. These properties, as well as
good electrical and thermal conductivity, have led to a surge in
publications for nanocomposites with multifunctional properties.
Historically, carbon black has been the workhorse of the elastomer
industry, offering low cost, good mechanical reinforcement and
versatility through different black grades. However, carbon black
is not necessarily the ideal filler for all applications. For
example, carbon black reinforced elastomers suffer from rapid gas
decompression damage when applied to the oil and gas industry.
Rapid gas decompression leads to blistering and cracking of
elastomer seals because sudden pressure changes cause gases
dissolved within the elastomer to expand. In order to understand
how these new graphene fillers affect elastomer reinforcement and
how they differ from carbon black, a number of graphene
nanoplatelet reinforced NBR compounds were produced and compared
with the carbon black equivalent. Mechanical testing demonstrated
that the GnPs reinforce the NBR matrix more effectively than CB in
terms of modulus, hardness and tear strength. Furthermore, GnPs
help maintain the elastomers high strain at break, whereas the
inclusion of carbon black leads to a reduction in elongation at
break. However, the ultimate tensile strength for GnP-NBR and
CB-NBR is similar at equivalent loadings. The modulus and tear
energy were modelled using elastomer theory to evaluate how the
GnPs give these improved mechanical properties compared with carbon
black. Characterisation by Raman spectroscopy, SEM and AFM has been
used alongside the mechanical testing in order to understand how
the shape of the filler may affect reinforcement. The aspect ratio
of the filler has been identified as a crucial parameter in the
elastomer reinforcement. Transport properties of the composites
were measured in order to suggest the suitability of the filler for
oil and gas applications. The results suggest that graphene
nanoplatelets may have a future in the elastomer industry offering
potential for new and multifunctional properties. Opportunities for
further work have been identified including suggestions for future
work.
Advisors/Committee Members: KINLOCH, IAN IA, Young, Robert, Kinloch, Ian.
Subjects/Keywords: nanocomposites; elastomer; graphene
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Innes, J. (2019). Graphene nanoplatelet reinforced elastomers for the Oil
& Gas Industry. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:320567
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Innes, James. “Graphene nanoplatelet reinforced elastomers for the Oil
& Gas Industry.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:320567.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Innes, James. “Graphene nanoplatelet reinforced elastomers for the Oil
& Gas Industry.” 2019. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Innes J. Graphene nanoplatelet reinforced elastomers for the Oil
& Gas Industry. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:320567.
Council of Science Editors:
Innes J. Graphene nanoplatelet reinforced elastomers for the Oil
& Gas Industry. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2019. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:320567

University of Manchester
16.
Li, Zheling.
Raman Spectroscopic Studies of the Mechanics of
Graphene-based Nanocomposites.
Degree: 2015, University of Manchester
URL: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:267458
► The reinforcement mechanisms in graphene-based nanocomposites have been studied in this project, which primarily consists of three parts: the size and orientation effects of the…
(more)
▼ The reinforcement mechanisms in graphene-based
nanocomposites have been studied in this project, which primarily
consists of three parts: the size and orientation effects of the
graphene-based nano-fillers and their interfacial adhesion with the
matrix. Overall Raman spectroscopy has been demonstrated to be a
powerful technique to study the graphene-based nanocomposites.The
deformation of small size graphene has been followed and a new
model has been established to consider both the non-uniformity of
strain along the graphene and laser intensity within the laser
spot, which interprets the observed unusual Raman band shift well.
Additionally, the deformation of monolayer graphene oxide (GO) has
been followed for the first time. It appears that continuum
mechanics is still valid, and the approximately constant strain
distribution along the GO flake suggests a better stress transfer
efficiency of GO than that of graphene. The spatial orientation of
graphene has been studied based on the Raman scattering obtained
from transverse sections of graphene, where the Raman bands
intensities show a strong polarization dependence. Based on this, a
new model has been established to quantify the spatial orientation
of graphene in terms of an orientation distribution function, and
the spatial orientation of monolayer graphene has been further
confirmed by its surface roughness. This model has been extended to
a variety of graphene-based materials and nanocomposites. It is
also shown how the spatial orientation of graphene-based fillers
affects the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites, through
the first determination of the Krenchel orientation factor for
nanoplatelets.The findings on both the size and orientation effects
have been employed to study the deformation mechanics of bulk GO
reinforced nanocomposite films. It has been demonstrated for the
first time that the effective modulus of GO can be estimated using
the Raman D band shift rate, and this is in agreement with the
value measured using conventional mechanical testing. The effective
modulus of GO is found to be lower than its Young’s modulus,
probably due to the mis-orientation, waviness, wrinkling and
agglomeration of the GO fillers.
Advisors/Committee Members: KINLOCH, IAN IA, Young, Robert, Kinloch, Ian.
Subjects/Keywords: Graphene; Raman spectroscopy; Nanocomposites; Mechanics
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Li, Z. (2015). Raman Spectroscopic Studies of the Mechanics of
Graphene-based Nanocomposites. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:267458
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Li, Zheling. “Raman Spectroscopic Studies of the Mechanics of
Graphene-based Nanocomposites.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:267458.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Li, Zheling. “Raman Spectroscopic Studies of the Mechanics of
Graphene-based Nanocomposites.” 2015. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Li Z. Raman Spectroscopic Studies of the Mechanics of
Graphene-based Nanocomposites. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:267458.
Council of Science Editors:
Li Z. Raman Spectroscopic Studies of the Mechanics of
Graphene-based Nanocomposites. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2015. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:267458
17.
Thiraphattaraphun, Linda.
Structure/Property Relationships in Polypropylene
Nanocomposites.
Degree: 2013, University of Manchester
URL: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:215453
► In this work, structure/property relationships in polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites have been investigated for different nanofillers. Nanofillers of modified clay based on montmorillonite (MMT) and multi-wall…
(more)
▼ In this work, structure/property relationships in
polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites have been investigated for
different nanofillers. Nanofillers of modified clay based on
montmorillonite (MMT) and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) have
been selected and incorporated to the PP matrix as either single
nanofillers or hybrid nanofillers. Melt mixing via a twin screw
extruder and further moulding by injection moulding have been used
to prepare PP nanocomposites. Moreover, the dilution of MWNT
masterbatch has been used to prepare PP/MWNT and PP/clay/MWNT
nanocomposites. Three types of the PP nanocomposites have been
obtained: PP/clay, PP/MWNT and PP/clay/MWNT nanocomposites. In all
three types of the PP nanocomposites, α- and -PP crystals were
observed in the wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) patterns.
Furthermore, the addition of nanofillers to the PP did not appear
to affect the PP orientation. Slight PP orientation in the PP
nanocomposites was shown in the two-dimensional X-ray diffraction
(2D-XRD) patterns. Mixed clay layers were combined in the PP/clay
and PP/clay/MWNT nanocomposites and investigated by WAXD as well as
transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, the aggregated
and individual MWNTs were present in both the PP/MWNT and
PP/clay/MWNT nanocomposites TEM images. A rough fracture surface
with cracks was revealed from the scanning electron microscopy
(SEM) images of the three types of PP nanocomposites. Polarized
optical microscopy (POM) micrographs were taken at different
temperatures during cooling in a hot stage and revealed the
limitation of PP spherulite growth upon adding the nanofillers to
the PP. The incorporation of nanofillers was found not to affect
the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PP which investigated by
dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). However, the increase of both
the peak melting temperature (Tm) and the peak crystallization
temperature (Tc) of PP with adding the nanofillers was shown by
differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms. In addition,
the nanofillers also have been shown to act as nucleating agents.
The thermal stability of PP in a nitrogen atmosphere was enhanced
by the nanofillers when examined by thermogravimatric analysis
(TGA). DMA and tensile testing were performed and showed that the
nanofillers act as reinforcement for the PP. The distribution,
orientation and deformation of MWNTs in the PP/MWNT and
PP/clay/MWNT nanocomposites have been followed by Raman
spectroscopy. Significant shifts of the Raman G'-band from the
MWNTs was obtained during deformation of the MWNT nanocomposites
and the hybrid clay/MWNT nanocomposites as the stress transfer from
the PP matrix to the MWNTs has occurred. A correlation between
calculated modulus from deformation and measured modulus from DMA
and tensile testing has been found for PP/MWNT and PP/clay/MWNT
nanocomposites. Finally, the PP nanocomposites have been considered
for use in packaging applications.
Advisors/Committee Members: Young, Robert.
Subjects/Keywords: Polypropylene; Clay; Carbon nanotubes; Mechanical properties; Raman spectroscopy
…Weight %
µg
Microgram
µm
Micrometre
26
ABSTRACT
The University of Manchester
Linda… …rights in it (the “Copyright”) and s/he has given The
University of Manchester…
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Thiraphattaraphun, L. (2013). Structure/Property Relationships in Polypropylene
Nanocomposites. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:215453
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Thiraphattaraphun, Linda. “Structure/Property Relationships in Polypropylene
Nanocomposites.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:215453.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Thiraphattaraphun, Linda. “Structure/Property Relationships in Polypropylene
Nanocomposites.” 2013. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Thiraphattaraphun L. Structure/Property Relationships in Polypropylene
Nanocomposites. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:215453.
Council of Science Editors:
Thiraphattaraphun L. Structure/Property Relationships in Polypropylene
Nanocomposites. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2013. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:215453
18.
Ali, Ahmed.
Groundwater Pollution Threats of Solid Waste Disposal in
Urban Kano, Nigeria: Evaluation and Protection
Strategies.
Degree: 2013, University of Manchester
URL: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:198714
► The practices of solid waste management (SWM) and solid waste disposal (SWD) in Kano metropolis, Nigeria, were examined. The water quality of groundwater sources in…
(more)
▼ The practices of solid waste management (SWM) and
solid waste disposal (SWD) in Kano metropolis, Nigeria, were
examined. The water quality of groundwater sources in the areas
adjacent to the SWD sites was monitored in order to evaluate
interactions and assess the possibility of groundwater
contamination as a result of percolation of the leachates generated
in the SWD sites. An integrated approach to the field investigation
was employed in the study. This included an extensive desk study; a
field survey of all existing SWD sites in the area; leachate and
groundwater sampling; and laboratory-based experimental and
instrumental analyses. The locations of the SWD sites relative to
inhabited areas were examined, and eight sites and their environs
were selected for leachate and groundwater sampling and quality
assessments in May 2009 and May 2010. It was observed that SWM
activities in Kano metropolis are unsystematic and pose a
significant risk to both public health and environmental quality,
especially in relation to local groundwater sources. It was also
found that the leachates produced in the sampled sites contained
significant concentrations of a wide range of contaminants;
including nitrates, total alkalinity, total dissolved solids,
chlorides and sulphates. The leachates were also observed to be in
the methanogenic phase of biochemical degradation and were shown to
have similar characteristics to other leachates from mature SWD
sites in different parts of the world. Similarly, the
physico-chemical characteristics of the groundwater samples around
the selected SWD sites indicated high concentrations of nitrates,
chlorides, total dissolved solids, total alkalinity, turbidity,
iron and manganese, often above the WHO thresholds for acceptable
drinking water quality. It is, therefore, concluded that the
shallow groundwater sources analysed have been contaminated, due
largely to improper SWM practice. This, in turn, affects not only
the health and well-being of the local population, but also impedes
developmental efforts and obstructs prosperity. Accordingly, some
strategies for pollution prevention and control were developed for
Kano metropolis, although they are also applicable to other urban
areas with similar characteristics. These strategies, which are
largely categorised as resource-focused, source-focused or remedial
measures, can be achieved through: (1) identification and mapping
of pollution sources; (2) establishment of databases and
information management system; (3) vulnerability mapping; (4)
establishment of functional monitoring and evaluation system; (5)
promotion of public awareness and participation; (6) establishment
of protection zones; and (7) the integration of pollution
prevention and control strategy into urban planning, development
and management of municipal services.
Advisors/Committee Members: Young, Robert.
Subjects/Keywords: Solid Waste; Leachate; Groundwater Quality; Water Contamination; Protection Measures; Disposal Sites; Kano; Nigeria
…rights in it (the “Copyright”) and
s/he has given The University of Manchester…
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Ali, A. (2013). Groundwater Pollution Threats of Solid Waste Disposal in
Urban Kano, Nigeria: Evaluation and Protection
Strategies. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:198714
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ali, Ahmed. “Groundwater Pollution Threats of Solid Waste Disposal in
Urban Kano, Nigeria: Evaluation and Protection
Strategies.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:198714.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ali, Ahmed. “Groundwater Pollution Threats of Solid Waste Disposal in
Urban Kano, Nigeria: Evaluation and Protection
Strategies.” 2013. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Ali A. Groundwater Pollution Threats of Solid Waste Disposal in
Urban Kano, Nigeria: Evaluation and Protection
Strategies. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:198714.
Council of Science Editors:
Ali A. Groundwater Pollution Threats of Solid Waste Disposal in
Urban Kano, Nigeria: Evaluation and Protection
Strategies. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2013. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:198714
19.
Escamilla Garcia, Pablo Emilio.
Evaluation and Proposed Development of the Municipal
Solid Waste Management System in Mexico City.
Degree: 2015, University of Manchester
URL: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:267611
► The work reported involves the evaluation of technologies and management systems applied to Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). The study focuses on Mexico City, which with…
(more)
▼ The work reported involves the evaluation of
technologies and management systems applied to Municipal Solid
Waste (MSW). The study focuses on Mexico City, which with a
population of approximately 9 million inhabitants and an estimated
daily generation of 13,000 tonnes of waste, is encountering extreme
waste management issues. The structures and public policies
designed to provide waste management services have proved
inadequate in relation to high rates of population growth and
intensive business activities. The significant increase in demand
has led the government of Mexico City to base public services on
rudimentary techniques using obsolete equipment.The research
approaches the problem through the analysis of several different
aspects: (1) a comprehensive literature review of waste management
including technologies and legal frameworks; (2) a general overview
of the main demographic, geographic and economic aspects of Mexico
City; (3) an extensive analysis of historic and future waste
generation profiles and composition of waste in Mexico City; (4) an
evaluation of the current status of the waste management system,
including programmes, plans, facilities and infrastructure; and (5)
a comparative study of the waste management system of Mexico City
and the systems of selected international cities.The evaluation
resulted in the identification of the following significant issues:
(1) limitations in legislation related to waste management and
environmental laws; (2) high population growth and increasing
business activity, which contribute escalating generation of MSW;
(3) ineffective public policies focused on waste management; (4)
significant gaps in low levels of recycling activities; (5)
obsolescence of equipment, infrastructure and facilities; (6) lack
of diversification in treatment methods for MSW; and (7) failure to
exploit market opportunities in the waste management sector.In
addition to the evaluation of the system in Mexico City, the
analysis of waste management systems in selected international
cities allowed the author to identify key factors in order to
develop integrated proposals. The analysis highlighted significant
aspects including: legal frameworks, the participation of the
private sector, waste hierarchy, and guiding principles for plans
and programmes. The information enabled the design of a proposed
development plan of a comprehensive waste management system in
Mexico City through two main proposals.Firstly, an integrated
programme for waste management in Mexico City was developed to
provide feasible long-term strategies in the field of waste
management. The specific objectives, goals, actions,
responsibilities and time scales were defined in order to provide
concrete activities under specific fields of operation.Secondly, a
project to obtain funding for technology transfer structured
according to technical, market and economic studies, was
elaborated. The guide is aimed to exemplify an investment project
through the analysis of a feasibility study related to generation
of energy from biogas in a…
Advisors/Committee Members: Young, Robert.
Subjects/Keywords: Waste management; MSW; Mexico City; Technology transfer; Energy generation; Biogas
…Copyright”) and s/he has given The University of
Manchester certain rights to use such…
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Escamilla Garcia, P. E. (2015). Evaluation and Proposed Development of the Municipal
Solid Waste Management System in Mexico City. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:267611
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Escamilla Garcia, Pablo Emilio. “Evaluation and Proposed Development of the Municipal
Solid Waste Management System in Mexico City.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:267611.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Escamilla Garcia, Pablo Emilio. “Evaluation and Proposed Development of the Municipal
Solid Waste Management System in Mexico City.” 2015. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Escamilla Garcia PE. Evaluation and Proposed Development of the Municipal
Solid Waste Management System in Mexico City. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:267611.
Council of Science Editors:
Escamilla Garcia PE. Evaluation and Proposed Development of the Municipal
Solid Waste Management System in Mexico City. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2015. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:267611
20.
Ofem, Michael.
PROPERTIES OF CHITIN WHISKER REINFORCED POLY(ACRYLIC
ACID) COMPOSITES.
Degree: 2015, University of Manchester
URL: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:261932
► Composites, in which the matrix and the reinforcing fillers are respectively, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) with two different molecular weights, and chitin whiskers (CHW) were successfully…
(more)
▼ Composites, in which the matrix and the reinforcing
fillers are respectively, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) with two
different molecular weights, and chitin whiskers (CHW) were
successfully prepared using an evaporation method. The weight
fraction of CHW was varied from 0.03 to 0.73. Mechanical and
thermal properties and crystallinity of the composites were
characterised using tensile testing, differential scanning
calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction. The
tensile strength of the composite increased up to 11 wt % CHW after
which it decreased. XRD characterisation showed a decrease in
crystalline index, crystalline size, chitin crystalline peak and
intensity as the content of PAA and its molecular weight increased.
Raman spectroscopy was used for the first time to monitor the
deformation of chitin film and CHW reinforced PAA composites. The
Raman band located at 1622 cm^(-1) was monitored for deformation.
On application of tensile deformation the Raman band initially
located at 1622 cm^(-1) shifted toward a lower wavenumber. Raman
band shift rates of -1.85 cm^(-1)/% for chitin film and -0.59 and
-0.25 cm^(-1)/% for 73 and 23 wt % CHW content, respectively, were
measured. The modulus of a single chitin whisker and composites
were found to be 115, 37 and 16 GPa respectively, for a two
dimensional (2D) in-plane distribution of CHW. CHW within a PAA
matrix did not show any preferential alignment in a polarised
Raman. The Raman intensity ratio〖 I〗_1698 /I_1622 showed that the
strongest interaction of the carboxylic group in the composites
occured at 3 wt % CHW content. The interaction gradually reduced as
the CHW content increased. 〖 CaCO〗_3 crystals were grown in CHW,
PAA and CHW/PAA composites by a solution and evaporation casting
method. In the absence of PAA and CHW, rhombohedral calcites were
observed while rod-like aragonite polymorphs were seen when only
PAA was used as a template. In the presence of only CHW, a
morphological mixture of ellipsoidal and disc shape with traces of
rhombohedral aggregate calcite were the features. In the presence
of both PAA and CHW, the rhombohedral shape showed roughness with
irregular faces while the vaterite polymorph continued to
agglomerate with the observation of porosity at higher CHW content.
The vaterite particles gradually decreased as the CHW content was
decreased. At lower CHW content aragonite polymorph growth was
favoured to the detriment of calcite. The results showed that the
vaterite polymorph can be grown even at higher filler loading.The
effect of 〖 CaCO〗_3 growth on the mechanical properties of CHW
reinforced PAA indicated that better mechanical properties can be
achieved at a CHW content of 3 wt % when compared with neat PAA and
when 〖 CaCO〗_3 was not incorporated into the CHW/25PAA
composites.
Advisors/Committee Members: Young, Robert.
Subjects/Keywords: Raman deformation; Chitin; Chitin whiskers; Mechanical
properties; Poly(acrylic acid); molecular weight; Calcium
carbonate
…he University of
Manchester the right to use such Copyright for any administrative… …in Materials Science Centre, The University of Manchester. I am most
grateful to Andrew… …Diffraction
2D
2 dimensional
3D
3 dimensional
14
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT
The University of… …Manchester
Michael Ofem
Doctor of Philosophy
Properties of chitin whisker reinforced poly(…
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Ofem, M. (2015). PROPERTIES OF CHITIN WHISKER REINFORCED POLY(ACRYLIC
ACID) COMPOSITES. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:261932
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ofem, Michael. “PROPERTIES OF CHITIN WHISKER REINFORCED POLY(ACRYLIC
ACID) COMPOSITES.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:261932.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ofem, Michael. “PROPERTIES OF CHITIN WHISKER REINFORCED POLY(ACRYLIC
ACID) COMPOSITES.” 2015. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Ofem M. PROPERTIES OF CHITIN WHISKER REINFORCED POLY(ACRYLIC
ACID) COMPOSITES. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:261932.
Council of Science Editors:
Ofem M. PROPERTIES OF CHITIN WHISKER REINFORCED POLY(ACRYLIC
ACID) COMPOSITES. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2015. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:261932
21.
Ali, Usman.
Configuration Management Process Maturity: Definition and
Maturation of Configuration Management for Aerospace and Defence
Industries.
Degree: 2014, University of Manchester
URL: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:220362
► This research focuses on the effective implementation and continuous improvement methodologies for Configuration Management practices within aerospace and defence industries. The research is conducted mainly…
(more)
▼ This research focuses on the effective
implementation and continuous improvement methodologies for
Configuration Management practices within aerospace and defence
industries. The research is conducted mainly to develop a
Configuration Management Maturity Model which is based on Critical
Success Factors and Barriers to Configuration Management
implementation. The motives behind this research were the lack of
understanding and problems in the implementation of high-grade
Configuration Management systems as highlighted by other
researchers.The research is conducted in three phases through
interviews and questionnaire surveys with experienced Configuration
Management professionals working in aerospace and defence
industries. The first part of this research identifies,
prioritizes, and categorizes the Critical Success Factors for
Configuration Management and devises a Configuration Management
Activity Model to help practationers in the effective
implementation and continuous improvement of the process. The
second part of the research sets out to identify and prioritize the
obstacles to effective implementation of Configuration Management
practices, categorized these obstacles into more manageable groups
of factors, and analysed the effects of multiple factors on
identification and rating of these barriers. Both studies were
conducted through mixed method research with in-depth interviews
followed by questionnaire surveys. The governance aspect of the
process is also investigated to a great deal in the second part
through interviews to conclude on process governance in various
setups.The third part of this research is related to the
development of a Configuration Management Maturity Model. It is
important to note that other maturity models on the topic are
generic in nature and emphasis on ‘what’ to implement instead of
‘how’ to implement which has left a gap of uncertainty that forced
us to devise a suitable framework. The Configuration Management
Maturity Model is an assessment tool which not only provides
benchmark information but also helps to identify the strengths and
weaknesses of the process. This maturity framework is unique in its
presentation and unlike previous maturity models, is based on
current Configuration Management practices, Critical Success
Factors, and Barriers to Configuration Management implementation.
This maturity model will help organizations to assess their current
level of maturity, identify rational targets for improvements, and
will help in providing action plans for enhancing their
configuration management process capability. Like the previous two
studies, this part of the research is conducted through
semi-structured interviews followed by questionniare
surveys.
Advisors/Committee Members: YOUNG, ROBERT RJ, Young, Robert, Kidd, Callum.
Subjects/Keywords: Configuration management; Software Configuration
Management; Configuration Management in Aerospace and Defence
Industries; Configuration Management Critical Success Factors;
Barriers to Configuration Management implementation; Critical
Success Factors; Process Barriers; Process Capabilities; Project
Management Critical Success Factors; Maturity Model; Process
Maturity; Process Improvement; Project Management; Quality
Management; Inferential Statistic; Parametric Tests; Non Parametric
Tests; Governance; Types of Organizational Structures.
…264
11
ABSTRACT
Name of the University: The University of Manchester
Submitted by: Usman… …he has given
The University of Manchester certain rights to use such Copyright, including… …Khan, Abdulrahman Alghamdi at The University of
Manchester whose support and companionship… …x29; at
The University of Manchester for review and comments. The final questionnaire was…
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Ali, U. (2014). Configuration Management Process Maturity: Definition and
Maturation of Configuration Management for Aerospace and Defence
Industries. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:220362
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ali, Usman. “Configuration Management Process Maturity: Definition and
Maturation of Configuration Management for Aerospace and Defence
Industries.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:220362.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ali, Usman. “Configuration Management Process Maturity: Definition and
Maturation of Configuration Management for Aerospace and Defence
Industries.” 2014. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Ali U. Configuration Management Process Maturity: Definition and
Maturation of Configuration Management for Aerospace and Defence
Industries. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:220362.
Council of Science Editors:
Ali U. Configuration Management Process Maturity: Definition and
Maturation of Configuration Management for Aerospace and Defence
Industries. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2014. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:220362
22.
Daka, Miebaka Ransome.
Geotechnical properties of oil contaminated
soil.
Degree: 2015, University of Manchester
URL: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:262881
► This research investigated the effect of oil contamination on grading modulus, Atterberg limits, compaction, and hydraulic conductivity of bentonite-kaolinite-sand mixtures. An area that lacked experimental…
(more)
▼ This research investigated the effect of oil
contamination on grading modulus, Atterberg limits, compaction, and
hydraulic conductivity of bentonite-kaolinite-sand mixtures. An
area that lacked experimental data was chosen for the research.
Data on oil contaminated soil containing montmorillionte were
scarce; hence, bentonite-kaolinite-sand mixtures at oil contents of
0.0, 1.8, 3.5, 5.3 and 7.1% by dry mass of the soil were used for
the study. The first aspect of the study was the use of grading
modulus to confirm reduction of fine aggregate in the contaminated
soils. Atterberg limits tests were performed to determine the
liquid and plastic limits of uncontaminated and contaminated soils.
Proctor compaction tests were performed to determine the compaction
characteristics of the oil contaminated soils. Hydraulic
conductivity tests were performed using a Rowe cell. Aggregate size
distribution analysis of the oil contaminated soil mixtures showed
that the aggregate size distribution curves shifted from finer to
coarser as the oil content increased, indicating that oil
contamination caused reduction of fine aggregate in the soil while
forming soil clods. The Atterberg limits tests showed that the
liquid limit and plastic limit increased as oil contamination
increased in the soil mixtures. The plasticity index of the soils
also increased as oil contamination increased. It was deduced from
the research that soils 1 and 2 had plasticity index below 65%,
those of soils 3, 4 and 5 were above 65%. However, soil 3 had
plasticity index close to 65. The results of the compaction tests
with respect to maximum dry density and optimum water content
showed that oil contamination resulted in decreased maximum dry
density and optimum water content in the five soils. The hydraulic
conductivity of soil mixtures decreased as oil contamination
increased. Generally, soils 3, 4 and 5 had hydraulic conductivities
that were close to 1 x 10-9m/s. Soil 3 had plasticity index close
to 65% and hydraulic conductivity less than 1 x 10-9m/s, hence, it
is suitable as soil liner for landfill. However, soils with
plasticity index above 65% are difficult to
handle.
Advisors/Committee Members: YOUNG, ROBERT RJ, Syed, Mohd Ahmad, Young, Robert.
Subjects/Keywords: geotechnical; oil; contaminated; soil
…Word count: 37536
28
Name of the University: The University of Manchester
Submitted by… …Copyright”) and he has given The
University of Manchester certain rights to use such…
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Daka, M. R. (2015). Geotechnical properties of oil contaminated
soil. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:262881
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Daka, Miebaka Ransome. “Geotechnical properties of oil contaminated
soil.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:262881.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Daka, Miebaka Ransome. “Geotechnical properties of oil contaminated
soil.” 2015. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Daka MR. Geotechnical properties of oil contaminated
soil. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:262881.
Council of Science Editors:
Daka MR. Geotechnical properties of oil contaminated
soil. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2015. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:262881
23.
Gong, Lei.
Deformation Micromechanics of Graphene
Nanocomposites.
Degree: 2013, University of Manchester
URL: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:189695
► Graphene nanocomposites have been successfully prepared in this study in the form of a sandwich structure of PMMA/graphene/SU-8. It has been proved that Raman spectroscopy…
(more)
▼ Graphene nanocomposites have been successfully
prepared in this study in the form of a sandwich structure of
PMMA/graphene/SU-8. It has been proved that Raman spectroscopy is a
powerful technique in the characterisation of the structure and
deformation of graphene. The 2D band of the monolayer graphene has
been used in the investigation of stress transfer in the graphene
reinforced nanocomposites. It has been demonstrated that the 2D
band moves towards low frequency linearly under tensile stress,
which is shown to be significant method of monitoring the strain in
graphene in a deformed specimen. The Raman spectroscopy behaviour
under deformation validates that the monolayer graphene acts as a
reinforcing role in nanocomposites although it is only one atom
thick.A systematic investigation of the deformation of bilayer,
trilayer and few-layer graphene has been undertaken with a view to
determine the optimum number of layers for the reinforcement of
nanocomposites. It has been demonstrated that monolayer graphene is
not necessarily the optimum material to use for reinforcement in
graphene-based polymer nanocomposites and bilayer graphene will be
equally as good as monolayer graphene. There is therefore a balance
to be struck in the design of graphene-based nanocomposites between
the ability to achieve higher loadings of reinforcement and the
reduction in effective Young’s modulus of the reinforcement, as the
number of layers in the graphene is increased.Both the G and 2D
bands have been found to undergo splitting under high strain levels
or asymmetric band broadening in lower strain deformation. The G
band polarisation property has been utilized to determine the
crystallographic orientation of monolayer graphene by measuring the
intensity ratio of G-/G+ bands. Analogously, the 2D band also
undergoes strain-induced splitting where the 2D- band has higher
Raman shift rate than that of the 2D+ band.
Advisors/Committee Members: KINLOCH, IAN IA, Young, Robert, Kinloch, Ian.
Subjects/Keywords: Graphene; Graphene Nanocomposite; Raman; Strain
mapping; Reinforcement
…x28;the “Copyright”) and he has
given The University of Manchester certain rights to… …Novoselov of the University of Manchester,
Department of Physics and Astronomy)
The simplest…
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Gong, L. (2013). Deformation Micromechanics of Graphene
Nanocomposites. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:189695
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Gong, Lei. “Deformation Micromechanics of Graphene
Nanocomposites.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:189695.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Gong, Lei. “Deformation Micromechanics of Graphene
Nanocomposites.” 2013. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Gong L. Deformation Micromechanics of Graphene
Nanocomposites. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:189695.
Council of Science Editors:
Gong L. Deformation Micromechanics of Graphene
Nanocomposites. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2013. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:189695
24.
Wafy, Tamer.
Characterization of Chemical and Mechanical Properties of
Polymer Based Nanocomposites.
Degree: 2013, University of Manchester
URL: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:188012
► Characterization of Chemical and Mechanical Properties of Polymer Based NanocompositesThe University of ManchesterTamer Wafy Doctor of Philosophy17 January, 2013One of the most significant issues in…
(more)
▼ Characterization of Chemical and Mechanical
Properties of Polymer Based NanocompositesThe
University of
ManchesterTamer Wafy Doctor of Philosophy17 January, 2013One of the
most significant issues in nanocomposite performance is improving
the dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in thermosetting or
thermoplastic polymers in order to gain good mechanical properties.
Several studies have investigated the fabrication of nanocomposites
based on carbon nanotubes and analysed properties, but there is
still insufficient data on their structure-property relationships.
This thesis has investigated the central importance of stress
transfer Raman studies in epoxy composites reinforced with
single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), double-walled carbon
nanotubes (DWCNTs) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to
elucidate the reinforcing ability of the CNTs in an epoxy matrix.
This project was undertaken to synthesise and characterize MWCNTs
and determine the effect of different weight fractions of untreated
MWCNTs on the stress transfer efficiency at the MWCNTS / epoxy
interface and on the stiffness of the thermomechanical properties
of the MWCNTS / epoxy composites. It was undertaken to assess the
stress transfer efficiency at the CNT / epoxy interface and at the
inter-walls of the CNTs with tensile deformation and with cyclic
loading.Optimized conditions of the injection chemical vapour
deposition method (CVD), such as long injection times were applied
to produce MWCNTs with a high yield, high aspect ratio and
well-defined G' Raman peak. The morphology and size of CNTs were
observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission
electron microscopy (TEM) while their thermal stability was
examined by Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Both Raman
spectroscopy and mechanical testing (static and dynamic) were
utilized in this study. The Raman spectroscopy research consisted
of following the G'-band frequency and linewidth as well as the
intensity of radial breathing modes (RBMs) during tensile
deformation. The stress-induced Raman shifts in the nanocomposites
have been shown to be controlled by the number of carbon
nanolayers. A theory has been developed to determine and simulate
the stress transfer efficiency parameter, (k_i) for MWCNTs. Tensile
tests and dynamic mechanical testing were used to assess the
mechanical properties of the nanocomposites.The most obvious
finding to be drawn from the present study is that the
reinforcement of the epoxy resin with different loadings of MWCNTs
is useful, but the best reinforcement was at low loadings of
MWCNTs. One of the more significant findings to emerge from this
study is that (k_i) between the inner walls of the DWCNTs and
MWCNTs are quite similar (~0.7), which suggest that (k_i) may be
similar for all CVD MWCNTs and DWCNTs. The second major finding was
that there were RBM intensity variations for the SWCNTs and DWCNTs
in the hot-cured epoxy composites and that for the DWCNTs both the
inner and outer nanotube walls are stressed during
deformation
Advisors/Committee Members: KINLOCH, IAN IA, Young, Robert, Kinloch, Ian.
Subjects/Keywords: Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs); Double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs); Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs); Graphene; Stress transfer; Raman spectroscopy; Epoxy nanocomposites; Mechanical properties; G' Raman peak
…of Polymer Based
Nanocomposites
The University of Manchester
Tamer Wafy
Doctor of…
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Wafy, T. (2013). Characterization of Chemical and Mechanical Properties of
Polymer Based Nanocomposites. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:188012
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wafy, Tamer. “Characterization of Chemical and Mechanical Properties of
Polymer Based Nanocomposites.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:188012.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wafy, Tamer. “Characterization of Chemical and Mechanical Properties of
Polymer Based Nanocomposites.” 2013. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Wafy T. Characterization of Chemical and Mechanical Properties of
Polymer Based Nanocomposites. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:188012.
Council of Science Editors:
Wafy T. Characterization of Chemical and Mechanical Properties of
Polymer Based Nanocomposites. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2013. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:188012
.