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University of Kansas
1.
Gubbala, Phani Sai Satya Srinivas.
Effect of On-Ramp Demand on Capacity at Merge Bottleneck Locations.
Degree: M.E., Civil, Environmental & Architectural Engineering, 2017, University of Kansas
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/24145 
► Past research acknowledged the impact of ramp vehicles on the occurrence of a breakdown event, but little has been done to quantify the effect of…
(more)
▼ Past research acknowledged the impact of ramp vehicles on the occurrence of a breakdown event, but little has been done to quantify the effect of the ramp vehicles on the resulting bottleneck capacity. The objective of this research is to explore the relationship between ramp flow and capacity and to recommend capacity values for merge bottleneck locations. To explore the relationship between ramp flow and capacity, a capacity model has been developed using linear regression. The entire freeway network in
Kansas City area was considered for the analysis. All locations which experienced “true breakdown”, breakdown because of merging operations and not due to downstream spillback, were selected for the analysis. Detector data at the six selected locations, were downloaded from KC Scout Portal from January 1, 2016 to June 30, 2016. Per lane and average speed, volume and occupancy data at 5-minute intervals were chosen for the analysis so as to detect breakdowns and find independent breakdown locations. Incident data and bad weather data were also collected for the same period and all the days with incidents and bad weather were removed from the analysis. For this research, free flow speed was defined as the average of flows when speeds were more than 50 miles per hour and the flows were less than 800 vehicles/hour. Breakdown was said to occur when speeds drop more than 25% of the free flow speed and the reduced speeds are maintained for at least 15 minutes, i.e., three 5-minute intervals (TRB, 2016). The breakdown capacities ranged from 3,900 to 8,500 vehicles per hour (veh/h) and when averaged across all the lanes, 1,150 to 2,200 vehicles per hour per lane (veh/h/ln). The upstream breakdown flows (demand) ranged from 3,400 to 8,400 veh/h and when averaged across all the lanes, 1,050-2,100 veh/h/ln. The ramp breakdown flows (ramp demand) ranged from 150 to 2,700 veh/h and when averaged across all the lanes, 150 to 1,500 veh/h/ln. Various variables such as freeway demand, ramp demand, free flow speed, number of lanes, ramp to freeway demand ratio, outer two-lane flow, shoulder lane flow, and remaining lane flow were considered for developing the model. Interactions between the variables were also considered. The final model was developed using 70% of the data, which were randomly selected, and the remaining 30% of the data was set aside for validation. A final model with an R2 value of 0.689 was developed. The high R2 value indicates that the developed model is a good predictor of capacity and this was also proven through the validation test for the developed model. The regression model was used to predict capacity values for different ramp demand and freeway demand. By observing the calculated capacity values it was concluded that the capacity was decreasing as the ramp demand, outer two lanes flows were increasing and the capacity per lane was decreasing as the number of lanes was decreasing, which is consistent with past literature (Lu & Elefeteriadou, 2013;
Kondyli et al. 2016).
Advisors/Committee Members: Kondyli, Alexandra (advisor), Mulinazzi, Thomas (cmtemember), Schrock, Steven (cmtemember).
Subjects/Keywords: Transportation; bottleneck; capacity at merge bottleneck locations; capacity model; merge segment capacity; on-ramp demand; regression model
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APA (6th Edition):
Gubbala, P. S. S. S. (2017). Effect of On-Ramp Demand on Capacity at Merge Bottleneck Locations. (Masters Thesis). University of Kansas. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1808/24145
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Gubbala, Phani Sai Satya Srinivas. “Effect of On-Ramp Demand on Capacity at Merge Bottleneck Locations.” 2017. Masters Thesis, University of Kansas. Accessed April 22, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/24145.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Gubbala, Phani Sai Satya Srinivas. “Effect of On-Ramp Demand on Capacity at Merge Bottleneck Locations.” 2017. Web. 22 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Gubbala PSSS. Effect of On-Ramp Demand on Capacity at Merge Bottleneck Locations. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Kansas; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/24145.
Council of Science Editors:
Gubbala PSSS. Effect of On-Ramp Demand on Capacity at Merge Bottleneck Locations. [Masters Thesis]. University of Kansas; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/24145
University of Kansas
2.
Kolli, Bharath Reddy.
Best Value Approach to Highway Projects: Transparency and Innovation.
Degree: MS, Civil, Environmental & Architectural Engineering, 2015, University of Kansas
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/23961
► Highway construction projects have historically been delivered using low bid procurement . Even though this method of contracting has fostered competition among the proposers, many…
(more)
▼ Highway construction projects have historically been delivered using low bid procurement . Even though this method of contracting has fostered competition among the proposers, many industry stakeholders question whether it has achieved best value or not for the amount of dollars spent on the project. Best value procurement is one of several alternate procurement methods used by the highway industry to overcome the shortcomings of low bid procurement. Best value procurement requires the subjective evaluation of technical proposals, and combines the technical factors with price to select the proposer who offers best value to the owners. It is the subjective evaluation of these technical factors that causes transparency issues in the selection process. The aim of this thesis is to explore the use of best value and identify the best practices for developing transparent best value selection procedures in highway projects. This thesis utilized a survey, content analysis of best value Request for Qualification (RFQ)/ Request for Proposal (RFP) documents, interviews, and various case examples to fulfil the research objective. The thesis follows a two - paper format. The first paper focuses on identifying the current state of practice of best value procurement in the highway industry. The content analysis performed for this thesis helps identifies the most common evaluation criteria, award algorithms, and debriefing procedures that promote transparency in best value procurement. In the first paper seven case studies were compiled with the State Department of Transportations (DOT) that have most experience using the best value procurement in the first paper. These seven cases provide a clear description of the best value selection procedure and the steps taken to achieve transparency. The second paper focuses on the use of best value procurement on design-bid-build highway projects. The four case studies presented in the paper describe the best value procedure of the state agencies on their design-bid-build projects. The results of the second paper show that best value procurement can be applied to design-bid-build projects successfully with minor adjustments to the selection process. The thesis results show that providing simple, clear, easy to understand, and project specific evaluation criteria increases the transparency of the best value selection process. This thesis also identifies the various award algorithms and debriefing procedures that increase the transparency of the selection process.
Advisors/Committee Members: Tran, Daniel (advisor), Lines, Brian (cmtemember), Kondyli, Alexandra (cmtemember).
Subjects/Keywords: Civil engineering
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APA (6th Edition):
Kolli, B. R. (2015). Best Value Approach to Highway Projects: Transparency and Innovation. (Masters Thesis). University of Kansas. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1808/23961
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kolli, Bharath Reddy. “Best Value Approach to Highway Projects: Transparency and Innovation.” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of Kansas. Accessed April 22, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/23961.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kolli, Bharath Reddy. “Best Value Approach to Highway Projects: Transparency and Innovation.” 2015. Web. 22 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Kolli BR. Best Value Approach to Highway Projects: Transparency and Innovation. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Kansas; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/23961.
Council of Science Editors:
Kolli BR. Best Value Approach to Highway Projects: Transparency and Innovation. [Masters Thesis]. University of Kansas; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/23961
University of Kansas
3.
Guerra, Agustin.
Modeling Discretionary Lane Changing Decisions for Connected Vehicles Based on Fuzzy Logic.
Degree: MS, Civil, Environmental & Architectural Engineering, 2019, University of Kansas
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/29656
► Lane changing is one of the most complex tasks during driving. Advances in vehicle technology seek to help drivers during the lane change maneuver. Researchers…
(more)
▼ Lane changing is one of the most complex tasks during driving. Advances in vehicle technology seek to help drivers during the lane change maneuver. Researchers have conducted many attempts to address this issue. However, most of these attempts have not focused on actual driver behavior using advanced vehicle technologies. Among those advances is the vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication which promises safer and more efficient driving operations. This research seeks to fill in this gap by conducting an experiment in a driving simulator environment simulating V2V communication during a lane change maneuver. The experiments allow a better understanding of driver behavior during lane changing maneuvers. First, a literature review was completed to assess studies that focused on understanding and modeling discretionary lane changes. Then a pilot study was conducted with a small sample on a driving simulator to obtain a fuzzy logic membership function. Then a large sample was tested for the study. Adjustments were made to the model and performance measures were analyzed. A t-test was conducted to evaluate any significant differences between the two conditions with and without V2V communication. The results showed that drivers were more willing to accept smaller gaps under connected environment conditions than without V2Vcommunication. Also, the implementation of V2V communication was found to help drivers make the lane changing decision faster. The overall initial speed was reduced under the connected environment.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kondyli, Alexandra (advisor), Schrock, Steven D (cmtemember), Mulinazzi, Thomas E (cmtemember).
Subjects/Keywords: Civil engineering; Automotive engineering; Electrical engineering; Connected Vehicles; Discretionary Lane Change; Fuzzy Logic; Model; Performance; V2V
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APA (6th Edition):
Guerra, A. (2019). Modeling Discretionary Lane Changing Decisions for Connected Vehicles Based on Fuzzy Logic. (Masters Thesis). University of Kansas. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1808/29656
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Guerra, Agustin. “Modeling Discretionary Lane Changing Decisions for Connected Vehicles Based on Fuzzy Logic.” 2019. Masters Thesis, University of Kansas. Accessed April 22, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/29656.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Guerra, Agustin. “Modeling Discretionary Lane Changing Decisions for Connected Vehicles Based on Fuzzy Logic.” 2019. Web. 22 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Guerra A. Modeling Discretionary Lane Changing Decisions for Connected Vehicles Based on Fuzzy Logic. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Kansas; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/29656.
Council of Science Editors:
Guerra A. Modeling Discretionary Lane Changing Decisions for Connected Vehicles Based on Fuzzy Logic. [Masters Thesis]. University of Kansas; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/29656
University of Kansas
4.
Sarikonda, Vishal Reddy.
Development of a Decision Matrix and Specifications for Portable Temporary Rumble Strips.
Degree: MS, Civil, Environmental & Architectural Engineering, 2015, University of Kansas
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/19405
► The objective of this thesis was to develop specifications for portable, reusable temporary rumble strips for their applications in different work zone settings in Kansas.…
(more)
▼ The objective of this thesis was to develop specifications for portable, reusable temporary rumble strips for their applications in different work zone settings in
Kansas. A detailed literature review and a closed-course test was performed regarding temporary rumble strips. Additionally, data from permanent cast-in-place (CIP) rumble strips at six locations in
Kansas were collected. All commercially available portable, reusable temporary rumble strips were tested in a closed-course setting using a standard dump truck and a full size car. The rumble strips’ rotational movement, linear movement, sound and vibration produced by a traversing vehicle were chosen as parameters in developing the decision matrix. Measurements of the strips’ linear and angular movements, sound, and vibration generated due to the test vehicles passing over the rumble strips were collected for a total of 40 passes each at speeds of 22.5, 37.5, 57.5 and 67.5mph. A matrix and a classification table were created with class intervals defining the classes based on the performance of temporary rumble strips at each of the speeds. Threshold limits for movement, rotation, and sound generation of the temporary rumble strips at each of the speeds were calculated for developing classification tables. Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) and Average Daily Truck Traffic (ADTT) were used in calculating threshold limits for movement and rotation. Sound threshold limits were based on CIP strips’ sound data. Following the results of the closed course test and an additional vibration test conducted at the
University of
Kansas, vibration was not included as a parameter in the final decision matrix. Unlike other parameters such as movement, rotation, and sound generation the vibration generated by the rumble strips were found not to be statistically different at different test speeds. A decision matrix consisting of parameters – movement (lateral and longitudinal), rotation, and sound – was developed. This matrix consisted of all the classes, including various work zone conditions ranging from low-speed, low-volume to high-speed, high-volume work zone conditions. This matrix in combination with the classification table provides a basis for a recommended method for any vendor or a research team with information regarding the performance of a temporary rumble strip, the type of class it belongs to and its applicability in various work zone conditions.
Advisors/Committee Members: Schrock, Steven D (advisor), Mulinazzi, Thomas E (cmtemember), Kondyli, Alexandra (cmtemember).
Subjects/Keywords: Civil engineering
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APA (6th Edition):
Sarikonda, V. R. (2015). Development of a Decision Matrix and Specifications for Portable Temporary Rumble Strips. (Masters Thesis). University of Kansas. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1808/19405
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Sarikonda, Vishal Reddy. “Development of a Decision Matrix and Specifications for Portable Temporary Rumble Strips.” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of Kansas. Accessed April 22, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/19405.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Sarikonda, Vishal Reddy. “Development of a Decision Matrix and Specifications for Portable Temporary Rumble Strips.” 2015. Web. 22 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Sarikonda VR. Development of a Decision Matrix and Specifications for Portable Temporary Rumble Strips. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Kansas; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/19405.
Council of Science Editors:
Sarikonda VR. Development of a Decision Matrix and Specifications for Portable Temporary Rumble Strips. [Masters Thesis]. University of Kansas; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/19405
University of Kansas
5.
Patel, Akshay Dinesh.
Estimating the Effect of Connected and Autonomous vehicles (CAVs) on Capacity and Level of Service at Freeway Merge Segments.
Degree: MS, Civil, Environmental & Architectural Engineering, 2019, University of Kansas
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/30477
► The aim of the study was to obtain Capacity adjustment factors and Break points which can be utilized for Highway Capacity Manual (HCM6) methodology in…
(more)
▼ The aim of the study was to obtain Capacity adjustment factors and Break points which can be utilized for Highway Capacity Manual (HCM6) methodology in obtaining Level of Service for freeways when Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) are present inside the traffic stream. Accordingly, various two-lane heterogeneous flow scenarios were modelled which included variations in free-flow speed and percent of heavy vehicles wherein the possible impact of the CAVs on the current traffic system was analyzed. Each scenario was first calibrated inside VISSIM to replicate the results from HCM6 and later CAVs were introduced in various proportions inside the traffic stream of conventional vehicles to access performance improvements using VISSIM. It was concluded that CAVs do improve system capacity and resulted in longer free-flow phase, which is a direct effect of the increased road capacity. Up to 25% CAV-penetration rate, the road capacity increased gradually and beyond 25%, the growth rate was largely decided by the improved capability of the CAVs compared to conventional vehicles. An improved capability corresponded to a higher capacity growth rate and a higher capacity. CAVs with higher penetration rates also resulted in longer free-flow phases but only a few of the scenarios saw a minor improvement in density, which was due to the assumptions and driving behavior parameters utilized to model driving behavior for different vehicle classes.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kondyli, Alexandra (advisor), Schrock, Steven D. (cmtemember), Mulinazzi, Thomas E. (cmtemember).
Subjects/Keywords: Civil engineering; Transportation; Breaking points; Capacity adjustment factors; Connected and Autonomous Vehicles; Density; Freeway merge segment; Highway Capacity Manual
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APA (6th Edition):
Patel, A. D. (2019). Estimating the Effect of Connected and Autonomous vehicles (CAVs) on Capacity and Level of Service at Freeway Merge Segments. (Masters Thesis). University of Kansas. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1808/30477
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Patel, Akshay Dinesh. “Estimating the Effect of Connected and Autonomous vehicles (CAVs) on Capacity and Level of Service at Freeway Merge Segments.” 2019. Masters Thesis, University of Kansas. Accessed April 22, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/30477.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Patel, Akshay Dinesh. “Estimating the Effect of Connected and Autonomous vehicles (CAVs) on Capacity and Level of Service at Freeway Merge Segments.” 2019. Web. 22 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Patel AD. Estimating the Effect of Connected and Autonomous vehicles (CAVs) on Capacity and Level of Service at Freeway Merge Segments. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Kansas; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/30477.
Council of Science Editors:
Patel AD. Estimating the Effect of Connected and Autonomous vehicles (CAVs) on Capacity and Level of Service at Freeway Merge Segments. [Masters Thesis]. University of Kansas; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/30477
University of Kansas
6.
Chrysikopoulos, Georgios.
Development of a Driver Behavior Framework for Manual and Automated Control Considering Driver Cognition.
Degree: MS, Civil, Environmental & Architectural Engineering, 2019, University of Kansas
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/30486
► As a crucial component of traffic safety, operational quality, and network performance, driver behavior has been the subject of numerous studies. However, research has focused…
(more)
▼ As a crucial component of traffic safety, operational quality, and network performance, driver behavior has been the subject of numerous studies. However, research has focused primarily on descriptive mathematical models of the primary driving tasks (car-following, lane changing), while rarely considering the underlying human factors affecting driver behavior. This quality of existing models means that they are not generally capable of adapting to systemic changes in driving behavior. At the same time, vehicle automation, one of the most revolutionary innovations in the history of transportation, advances at a very rapid pace. This development will result in deep systemic changes in the driver role and behavior, during the unavoidable transition period towards fully automated transportation networks, which the existing descriptive models are ill equipped to predict. To achieve that, additional information about driver behavior derived from the field of cognitive sciences, and psychological constructs like cognitive workload and situational awareness, need to be integrated into driving behavior models in order to describe the driver state under various levels of automation. This research aims to fill that gap by proposing a robust driver behavior framework that takes into account human factors and can be applied to both traditional manual driving, as well as driving of vehicles with varied automation capabilities. Based on a comprehensive literature review, the study proposed an experimental methodology, and a data collection and analysis plan that can validate the behavioral framework for use in future transportation applications.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kondyli, Alexandra (advisor), Schrock, Steven D (cmtemember), Mulinazzi, Thomas E (cmtemember).
Subjects/Keywords: Transportation; Behavioral psychology; Cognitive psychology; Automation; Behavior; Car-Following; Situational Awareness; Workload
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APA (6th Edition):
Chrysikopoulos, G. (2019). Development of a Driver Behavior Framework for Manual and Automated Control Considering Driver Cognition. (Masters Thesis). University of Kansas. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1808/30486
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Chrysikopoulos, Georgios. “Development of a Driver Behavior Framework for Manual and Automated Control Considering Driver Cognition.” 2019. Masters Thesis, University of Kansas. Accessed April 22, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/30486.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Chrysikopoulos, Georgios. “Development of a Driver Behavior Framework for Manual and Automated Control Considering Driver Cognition.” 2019. Web. 22 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Chrysikopoulos G. Development of a Driver Behavior Framework for Manual and Automated Control Considering Driver Cognition. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Kansas; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/30486.
Council of Science Editors:
Chrysikopoulos G. Development of a Driver Behavior Framework for Manual and Automated Control Considering Driver Cognition. [Masters Thesis]. University of Kansas; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/30486
University of Kansas
7.
Karim, Hardy Kamal.
Exploratory Analysis of Ramp Metering on Efficiency, and Safety of Freeways Using Microsimulation.
Degree: PhD, Civil, Environmental & Architectural Engineering, 2015, University of Kansas
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/20979
► The microscopic Verkehr In Städten – SIMulations Model (VISSIM) stochastic simulator program was used to explore the effectiveness of ramp metering on efficiency, Level of…
(more)
▼ The microscopic Verkehr In Städten – SIMulations Model (VISSIM) stochastic simulator program was used to explore the effectiveness of ramp metering on efficiency, Level of Service, and safety of freeways. Three different geometric configurations of ramp-freeway junctions were evaluated using different traffic volume conditions of the ramp and the freeway. Different signal timing scenarios were designed for the different traffic volume and geometric configuration scenarios. Calibration process was conducted for the collected traffic data that were obtained from cameras and detectors. Two-hundred-eighty models were built and run to explore the effectiveness of the performance and safety of the ramp meters on freeways. Average speed and average travel time of the vehicles passing a 3,000-ft long freeway segment were used as measures of effectiveness of the freeway efficiency evaluation. Average density in the ramp influence area was used to obtain the freeway level of service as a measure of effectiveness of the freeway capacity evaluation. Frequency, types, and severity of vehicle conflicts, which occurred on the 3,000-ft freeway segment, were used as measures of effectiveness of the freeway safety evaluation. The Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM) program, which was developed by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), was used to find the frequency and types of vehicle conflicts, while the severity of vehicle conflicts was separated by a designed method that was retrieved from the previous literature studies. Minitab statistical software was used for some tests such as normality test to determine the appropriate number of samples, and F-tests. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted for better understanding the effectiveness of two assumption changes on the results that were obtained from running the models. The assumptions were car following headway in the ramp influence area and traffic composition on the freeway. The findings of the study provided different results related to the different geometric configurations, signal timing designs, and traffic volumes. Ramp metering at the Type I geometric configuration provided positive effects on the efficiency and safety of the freeway when using the two designed signal timing scenarios when the freeway traffic volume was equal to or greater than 1,250 vehicle per hour per lane (vphpl) and the ramp traffic volume was equal to or greater than 800 vphpl. Ramp metering provided negative effects on the efficiency and safety of the freeway when using it for the Type II geometric configuration. In the geometric configuration of Type III, ramp metering using the signal timing of 2 seconds green and 4 seconds red provided the best efficiency and safety increases when the freeway traffic volume was equal to or greater than 1,250 vphpl and the ramp traffic volume was equal to or greater than 800 vphpl. Conclusively, ramp metering increases efficiency and improves safety of freeways only at specific situations regarding geometric configuration of the ramp-freeway junction…
Advisors/Committee Members: Schrock, Steven D (advisor), Dunning, Anne E (cmtemember), Fitzsimmons, Eric J (cmtemember), Han, Jie (cmtemember), Kondyli, Alexandra (cmtemember), Mulinazzi, Thomas E (cmtemember).
Subjects/Keywords: Civil engineering; Transportation; Efficiency; Freeway; Level of Service; Microsimulation; Ramp metering; Safety
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APA (6th Edition):
Karim, H. K. (2015). Exploratory Analysis of Ramp Metering on Efficiency, and Safety of Freeways Using Microsimulation. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Kansas. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1808/20979
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Karim, Hardy Kamal. “Exploratory Analysis of Ramp Metering on Efficiency, and Safety of Freeways Using Microsimulation.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Kansas. Accessed April 22, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/20979.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Karim, Hardy Kamal. “Exploratory Analysis of Ramp Metering on Efficiency, and Safety of Freeways Using Microsimulation.” 2015. Web. 22 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Karim HK. Exploratory Analysis of Ramp Metering on Efficiency, and Safety of Freeways Using Microsimulation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Kansas; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/20979.
Council of Science Editors:
Karim HK. Exploratory Analysis of Ramp Metering on Efficiency, and Safety of Freeways Using Microsimulation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Kansas; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/20979
University of Kansas
8.
Mohammed, Hemin Jalal.
Spatial Analysis of Teen Driver-Related Crashes in Kansas.
Degree: PhD, Civil, Environmental & Architectural Engineering, 2019, University of Kansas
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/30234
► In the United States, the risk of vehicle crashes is higher among teens than among any other age group. Accordingly, in Kansas, teen drivers ages…
(more)
▼ In the United States, the risk of vehicle crashes is higher among teens than among any other age group. Accordingly, in
Kansas, teen drivers ages 14 to 19 were one of the primary foci of
Kansas Department of Transportation’s (KDOT’s) Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP) to reduce the number of traffic injuries and fatalities. However, after several years of improving metrics, it appears that overall teen crashes have begun to increase in the past few years and the SHSP goals were not met. Most previous studies investigated the effects of demographic differences and nonspatial factors associated with crashes such as gender, age, driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol, the presence of passengers, and distractions. Besides these factors, it was necessary to investigate and understand how teen-related crashes are correlated and patterned spatially. However, adopting the spatial analysis methodology to identify the hotspots for teen drivers and factors behind their crashes has been underutilized. This research was conducted to develop a methodology to identify statistically significant spatial patterns for crashes involving teen drivers. Also, modelling was performed that identified spatial relationships between teen-related crashes and contributed factors that significantly influence the number of these crashes using an ordinary linear regression (OLS) model and geographically weighted regression (GWR). The utilized data were extracted from the KDOT crash database and other resources such as the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS), the US Census Bureau, and the
Kansas Department of Education. The analyzed crashes included crashes involving teen drivers aged between 14 and 19. The spatial analysis and modeling were conducted at the state level and Unified School District (USD) level using ArcGIS Pro software (Version 2.3.2). The spatial analysis tools were used to find statistically significant hotspots and outliers for fatal and non-fatal crashes at the state level, and fatal and severe injuries at the USD level. Most of the statistically significant hotspots and outliers were centered in the most populated counties such as Johnson, Sedgwick, and Wyandotte County. From 18 candidate exploratory variables, two exploratory variables were statistically significant to build a predictive model using OLS and GWR. The two exploratory variables were the miles of non-state roads and the number of passenger cars in counties. The predictive model showed that the number of crashes involving teen driver was expected to be lower by more than three percent by 2026. The methodology followed in this research was found to be applicable and valuable to spatially analyze teen-related crashes at the state and USD levels. The method was useful for analyzing a subset of crashes involving teen drivers; it can also be used to analyze other subgroups such as alcohol-related crashes, older driver crashes, or commercial vehicle crashes. The model represents useful guidance for the related parties’ allocation of limited resource for…
Advisors/Committee Members: Schrock, Steven D (advisor), Han, Jie (cmtemember), Johnson, Bonnie J (cmtemember), Kondyli, Alexandra (cmtemember), Mulinazzi, Thomas E (cmtemember).
Subjects/Keywords: Civil engineering; Transportation; Geographically Weighted Regression Model; Hotspots; Ordinary Linear Regression Model; Spatial Analysis; Teen Drivers; Traffic Safety
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APA (6th Edition):
Mohammed, H. J. (2019). Spatial Analysis of Teen Driver-Related Crashes in Kansas. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Kansas. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1808/30234
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Mohammed, Hemin Jalal. “Spatial Analysis of Teen Driver-Related Crashes in Kansas.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Kansas. Accessed April 22, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/30234.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Mohammed, Hemin Jalal. “Spatial Analysis of Teen Driver-Related Crashes in Kansas.” 2019. Web. 22 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Mohammed HJ. Spatial Analysis of Teen Driver-Related Crashes in Kansas. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Kansas; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/30234.
Council of Science Editors:
Mohammed HJ. Spatial Analysis of Teen Driver-Related Crashes in Kansas. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Kansas; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/30234
9.
Kummetha, Vishal.
Analysis of the Effects of Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) on Driver Behavior and Awareness Using a Driving Simulator.
Degree: MS, Civil, Environmental & Architectural Engineering, 2017, University of Kansas
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/26355
► The thesis was aimed at determining the effects of adaptive cruise control (ACC) on driver behavior and awareness using a fixed-base driving simulator. ACC provides…
(more)
▼ The thesis was aimed at determining the effects of adaptive cruise control (ACC) on driver behavior and awareness using a fixed-base driving simulator. ACC provides enhanced assistance by automatically adjusting vehicle speed according to the headway preference selected by the driver. The first step was to define the qualitative and quantitative measures of driver behavior and awareness. A review of existing literature was carried out to determine similar studies. The literature revealed information on modeling the ACC in driving simulators and the effects of the ACC on driver behavior. Based on this, a methodology was developed consisting of six main tasks. First, participants were recruited and screened using a questionnaire. The questionnaire provided a quick way to select participants from a particular demographic and screen them for any medical conditions. The simulator was then prepared for the study by configuring the ACC, setting up the detection response task (DRT) device, configuring the distraction application, and designing events targeted to capture changes in driver behavior and awareness with and without the ACC. After configuring events, data were collected during the drive of the participants. Data were then reduced and prepared for a statistical analysis consisting of hypothesis testing and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The statistical analysis resulted in a few significant differences between the variables collected. Participants were observed to maintain longer headways, reach lower peak velocities, and react slower in some critical events when driving with the ACC. The data from the DRT showed a significantly lower cognitive load when participants were engaged in a secondary task and driving with the ACC when compared to driving without the ACC.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kondyli, Alexandra (advisor), Schrock, Steven D (cmtemember), Mulinazzi, Thomas E (cmtemember).
Subjects/Keywords: Transportation; Behavioral psychology; Automotive engineering; Adaptive Cruise Control; Cognitive workload; Driver Awareness; Driver Behavior; Driving Simulator
…databases
and the University of Kansas Library resources. Online library databases such as Google… …of Kansas (KU)
driving simulator;
•
Design a questionnaire to establish and… …versus driving simulators;
•
Configure a working ACC system on the newly acquired University…
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APA (6th Edition):
Kummetha, V. (2017). Analysis of the Effects of Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) on Driver Behavior and Awareness Using a Driving Simulator. (Masters Thesis). University of Kansas. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1808/26355
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kummetha, Vishal. “Analysis of the Effects of Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) on Driver Behavior and Awareness Using a Driving Simulator.” 2017. Masters Thesis, University of Kansas. Accessed April 22, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/26355.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kummetha, Vishal. “Analysis of the Effects of Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) on Driver Behavior and Awareness Using a Driving Simulator.” 2017. Web. 22 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Kummetha V. Analysis of the Effects of Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) on Driver Behavior and Awareness Using a Driving Simulator. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Kansas; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/26355.
Council of Science Editors:
Kummetha V. Analysis of the Effects of Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) on Driver Behavior and Awareness Using a Driving Simulator. [Masters Thesis]. University of Kansas; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/26355
10.
Kadiyala, Sampath.
Benefit-Cost Analysis of Rural Roadside Countermeasures and Evaluation of the Roadside Safety Analysis Program.
Degree: MS, Civil, Environmental & Architectural Engineering, 2017, University of Kansas
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/25862
► The roadside is a diverse environment having different types of objects with varying features. Roadway departure crashes can be severe and account for a majority…
(more)
▼ The roadside is a diverse environment having different types of objects with varying features. Roadway departure crashes can be severe and account for a majority of fatalities. In 2014, there were 17,791 fatalities (54 percent of traffic fatalities) associated with roadway departure crashes. On a rural highway, it can often be difficult for an engineer to install cost-effective countermeasures without accounting for the benefit of the potential countermeasure and the budget available. Primary objective of this thesis was to develop a series of figures to determine the cost-effective countermeasures for various considerations along the roadside of rural roads. Secondary objectives included exploration of the Roadside Safety Analysis Program (RSAP) and to examine any functionality differences between RSAP Version 2 (RSAPv2) and Version 3 (RSAPv3). Another research objective also included investigating the results of both of the versions and to provide future guidance for further exploration and development of the software. Different geometric and traffic conditions which generally exist in rural areas were selected to develop the required figures. Identical parameters were input in both versions to examine the disparities in benefit-cost ratio values and cost-effective countermeasures for each condition. Roadside countermeasures that were selected for this research were: 1. do nothing (leaving the roadway unchanged); flattening the foreslope to 1:3 (from an assumed starting condition at a 1:1 foreslope); flattening the foreslope to 1:6; and installing the guardrail. These countermeasures were tested for different geometric and traffic conditions in both the versions. A detailed literature review was performed to study the previously recommended cost-effective options on roadside and research applications of RSAP. A questionnaire survey was sent to the state departments of transportation (DOTs) to determine the practical implementation of the software and benefit-cost countermeasures in practice on rural roadsides. Installation costs were calculated for every condition and road profile combination. The program was executed in both versions keeping the same input parameters despite the different procedures in RSAPv2 and RSAPv3. Benefit-cost ratio tables from both RSAP versions were compared, and it was found that results from RSAPv2 seemed to be more consistent and acceptable for this specific area of research. Negative benefit-cost ratios were generated for flattening the foreslope in the RSAPv3 analysis, which is impractical and, therefore, benefit-cost ratios of RSAPv2 were used for further analysis. Benefit-cost ratios of selected countermeasures under different geometric and traffic conditions were tabulated and figures were developed. The developed figures are useful for local officials to determine the cost-effectiveness of potential roadside safety improvement alternatives for their specific conditions.
Advisors/Committee Members: Schrock, Steven D (advisor), Mulinazzi, Thomas E (cmtemember), Kondyli, Alexandra (cmtemember).
Subjects/Keywords: Engineering; Benefit-Cost Analysis; Foreslopes; Guardrails; Roadside Countermeasures; RSAP; Rural Roadside Safety
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Kadiyala, S. (2017). Benefit-Cost Analysis of Rural Roadside Countermeasures and Evaluation of the Roadside Safety Analysis Program. (Masters Thesis). University of Kansas. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1808/25862
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kadiyala, Sampath. “Benefit-Cost Analysis of Rural Roadside Countermeasures and Evaluation of the Roadside Safety Analysis Program.” 2017. Masters Thesis, University of Kansas. Accessed April 22, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/25862.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kadiyala, Sampath. “Benefit-Cost Analysis of Rural Roadside Countermeasures and Evaluation of the Roadside Safety Analysis Program.” 2017. Web. 22 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Kadiyala S. Benefit-Cost Analysis of Rural Roadside Countermeasures and Evaluation of the Roadside Safety Analysis Program. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Kansas; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/25862.
Council of Science Editors:
Kadiyala S. Benefit-Cost Analysis of Rural Roadside Countermeasures and Evaluation of the Roadside Safety Analysis Program. [Masters Thesis]. University of Kansas; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/25862
11.
Mohammed, Hemin Jalal Mohammed.
Evaluating the Accuracy of Speed and Volume Data Obtained via Traffic Detection and Monitoring Devices.
Degree: M.E., Civil, Environmental & Architectural Engineering, 2015, University of Kansas
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/19417
► One of the most controversial topics facing traffic engineers, departments of transportation, and transportation agencies is using an appropriate device in collecting accurate traffic data…
(more)
▼ One of the most controversial topics facing traffic engineers, departments of transportation, and transportation agencies is using an appropriate device in collecting accurate traffic data without creating any negative influence on a traffic flow. Therefore, conducting a field evaluation of traffic data collection detectors become high-priority. This study was initiated to explore a proper device among three non-intrusive ITS sensors to collect a specific traffic parameter in comparison to the Pneumatic Road Tubes (PRTs). The three tested sensors were iCone, Radar Recorder, and Wavetronix SmartSensor HD. This study conducted a comparison of multiple traffic data collection sensors along on a rural two-lane road (US 24/40) with low traffic volume and a posted speed limit of 55 mph in both winter and spring conditions, in addition to some studies were conducted on iCone at different locations in summer. This thesis quantifies the difference in accuracy of the devices used for collecting speed and volume traffic data. Also, it identifies the difference in speed distribution due to the presence of tested devices, the accuracy and similarity between devices in gathering speed and/or counts data, and influences on driver behavior in addition to the usability of these devices. The results showed that the error in detected speeds and volumes for iCone and Radar Recorder in comparison with PRTs were 1.5 percent and 1.4 percent, respectively, while for the Wavetronix SmartSensor HD was 2.1 percent. The error in detected volumes for the iCone and Radar Recorder in comparison with the PRTs were 8.6 percent and 7.8 percent, respectively, while for the Wavetronix SmartSensor HD was same as PRTs detected. Regarding driver behavior towards deployed devices on the roadside, the largest reduction in speeds was observed when the Wavetronix SmartSensor HD was used. It was also observed that an iCone installation was easier than other devices and it fits to work zones because of its shape. Based on the results, to collect traffic volume data for each traffic lane separately, regardless of driver response, the Wavetronix SmartSensor HD is recommended. When collecting individual vehicle data is required, with taking into consideration the driver response, the Radar Recorder is recommended. As long as individual vehicle data are not required, the iCone could be a convenient option especially for short time data collection and more specifically at work zones.
Advisors/Committee Members: Schrock, Steven D. (advisor), Mulinazzi, Thomas E. (cmtemember), Kondyli, Alexandra (cmtemember).
Subjects/Keywords: Civil engineering; Evolution & development; Transportation planning; iCone; ITS; Pneumatic Road Tubes; Radar Recorder; Wavetronix SmartSensor HD; work zone
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APA (6th Edition):
Mohammed, H. J. M. (2015). Evaluating the Accuracy of Speed and Volume Data Obtained via Traffic Detection and Monitoring Devices. (Masters Thesis). University of Kansas. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1808/19417
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Mohammed, Hemin Jalal Mohammed. “Evaluating the Accuracy of Speed and Volume Data Obtained via Traffic Detection and Monitoring Devices.” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of Kansas. Accessed April 22, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/19417.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Mohammed, Hemin Jalal Mohammed. “Evaluating the Accuracy of Speed and Volume Data Obtained via Traffic Detection and Monitoring Devices.” 2015. Web. 22 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Mohammed HJM. Evaluating the Accuracy of Speed and Volume Data Obtained via Traffic Detection and Monitoring Devices. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Kansas; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/19417.
Council of Science Editors:
Mohammed HJM. Evaluating the Accuracy of Speed and Volume Data Obtained via Traffic Detection and Monitoring Devices. [Masters Thesis]. University of Kansas; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/19417
12.
Alsharari, Abdulmajeed.
Estimation of The Effect of Rain and Incidents on Freeway Capacity and Free-Flow Speed.
Degree: MS, Civil, Environmental & Architectural Engineering, 2019, University of Kansas
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/29699
► The goal of this thesis was to examine the effect of incidents and adverse weather (rain) on capacity and Free-Flow Speed (FFS). Data were collected…
(more)
▼ The goal of this thesis was to examine the effect of incidents and adverse weather (rain) on capacity and Free-Flow Speed (FFS). Data were collected from multiple freeway segments in
Kansas City,
Kansas from 2014 to 2018. In this thesis, capacities and free-flow speed were measured during four conditions: (1) base conditions, (2) adverse weather only, (3) incidents only, and (4) adverse weather and incidents. Freeway flow breakdown was assumed to occur when speed dropped below 75% of the Free-Flow Speed. This definition was used for measuring capacity during non-incident conditions. Average discharge flow, i.e., the flow after the breakdown and during congested conditions with duration of at least 15 minutes, was used to identify capacity under incidents conditions. Capacity Adjustment Factors (CAF), and Speed Adjustment Factors (SAF) were established in this thesis to identify the remaining capacity or the Free-Flow Speed reduction during an incident or adverse weather conditions. CAFs were found by comparing the average capacity during base conditions to the average capacity during adverse weather (rain), incidents, or adverse weather and incidents. Likewise, SAFs were estimated by comparing average FFS during base conditions and average FFS during rain, incident, or rain and incidents. CAFs and SAFs were primarily developed for use within the 6th edition of Highway Capacity Manual (HCM6); although the manual does not provide SAFs for incidents. Also, the effect of incidents along with rain on capacity and FFS is assumed to be additive in the HCM6, but this assumption has not been validated with actual data. The results from this thesis indicated that rain has minimal effect on capacity. Also, only FFS on three-lanes freeways was impacted by rain. It was also found that incidents and incidents during rain had an impact on capacity and FFS. The measurement location with respect to the closure during incidents was considered in this research. However, according to the statistical analysis, the location was found to be significant only for incidents during rainy conditions, and only at freeways with two and three lanes.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kondyli, Alexandra (advisor), Schrock, Steven D (cmtemember), Mulinazzi, Thomas E (cmtemember).
Subjects/Keywords: Transportation
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Alsharari, A. (2019). Estimation of The Effect of Rain and Incidents on Freeway Capacity and Free-Flow Speed. (Masters Thesis). University of Kansas. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1808/29699
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Alsharari, Abdulmajeed. “Estimation of The Effect of Rain and Incidents on Freeway Capacity and Free-Flow Speed.” 2019. Masters Thesis, University of Kansas. Accessed April 22, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/29699.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Alsharari, Abdulmajeed. “Estimation of The Effect of Rain and Incidents on Freeway Capacity and Free-Flow Speed.” 2019. Web. 22 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Alsharari A. Estimation of The Effect of Rain and Incidents on Freeway Capacity and Free-Flow Speed. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Kansas; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/29699.
Council of Science Editors:
Alsharari A. Estimation of The Effect of Rain and Incidents on Freeway Capacity and Free-Flow Speed. [Masters Thesis]. University of Kansas; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/29699
13.
Shehada, Mohammad Khalid.
Evaluation of Ramp Metering Algorithms Using Microsimulation.
Degree: MS, Civil, Environmental & Architectural Engineering, 2018, University of Kansas
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/27601
► The goal of the thesis was to determine the effectiveness of implementing different ramp metering strategies along I-35 in Kansas City using microsimulation analysis. Ramp…
(more)
▼ The goal of the thesis was to determine the effectiveness of implementing different ramp metering strategies along I-35 in
Kansas City using microsimulation analysis. Ramp metering enhances traffic conditions on the mainline by restricting the accessibility of the on-ramp traffic. Traffic data for one year (04/01/2016 to 03/31/2017) during the peak period were used to evaluate the performance of the facility before and after implementing known ramp metering strategies. The evaluation was done using the VISSIM microsimulation software. The locations of the metered junctions along I-35 were obtained from the
Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT), since KDOT installed ramp meters at these locations in 2017. Four ramp meters were located at the southbound direction and two at the northbound direction. In this thesis only the I-35 southbound movements were evaluated, as the meters at the northbound direction were placed primarily for safety purposes. The I-35 southbound corridor starts from Cambridge Dr. in the north and ends at 75th St. in the south. The ramp meters are located at the 7th St., Southwest Blvd., 18th St. Expressway, and 67th St. on-ramps. Currently, KDOT is implementing a speed-based algorithm, the details of which are unknown since the exact algorithm is proprietary. As such, for the purposes of this thesis a review of the literature was conducted to identify possible ramp metering algorithms to evaluate, and it was decided to use one localized and one system-wide ramp metering algorithm. The selected localized ramp metering algorithm is the ALINEA (Papageorgiou et al., 1991). ALINEA is an occupancy-based ramp metering algorithm that operates to maintain the occupancy in the freeway at the congestion location close to the critical occupancy that corresponds to maximum throughput. The selected system-wide ramp metering algorithm is HERO (Papamichail and Papageorgiou 2008). HERO uses ALINEA as its base algorithm, and uses a master/slave protocol. These two ramp metering algorithms, as well as the No Control scenario were evaluated considering various performance measures obtained through microsimulation. Traffic data were obtained from the KC Scout portal. The data obtained were screened for days with adverse weather conditions, traffic incidents, and bad detector data. The remaining data were used to obtain traffic demands and off-ramp relative flows to be used in VISSIM. The three control scenarios (ALINEA, HERO, and No Control) were simulated using 60 demand scenarios. These scenarios were created by averaging the weekday data in each month. Each demand scenario was run four times with different seed numbers to account for variations throughout the week, resulting in a total of 240 simulated days. The selected performance measures that were used to perform the evaluation were travel time and travel time reliability, speeds, throughput, queue lengths, and congestion duration. The entire facility travel time did not show significant improvement; however, significant travel time improvements were…
Advisors/Committee Members: Kondyli, Alexandra (advisor), Schrock, Steven D (cmtemember), Mulinazzi, Thomas E (cmtemember).
Subjects/Keywords: Civil engineering
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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Export
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Shehada, M. K. (2018). Evaluation of Ramp Metering Algorithms Using Microsimulation. (Masters Thesis). University of Kansas. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1808/27601
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Shehada, Mohammad Khalid. “Evaluation of Ramp Metering Algorithms Using Microsimulation.” 2018. Masters Thesis, University of Kansas. Accessed April 22, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/27601.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Shehada, Mohammad Khalid. “Evaluation of Ramp Metering Algorithms Using Microsimulation.” 2018. Web. 22 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Shehada MK. Evaluation of Ramp Metering Algorithms Using Microsimulation. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Kansas; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/27601.
Council of Science Editors:
Shehada MK. Evaluation of Ramp Metering Algorithms Using Microsimulation. [Masters Thesis]. University of Kansas; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/27601
. 
Open Access Theses and Dissertations
