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University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
1.
Cai, Mingzhu.
A maternal low-protein diet during gestation induces hepatic autophagy gene expression only in the female offspring Sprague-Dawley rats.
Degree: MS, Food Science & Human Nutrition, 2018, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101749
► Maternal protein restriction is associated with inducting of gene expression programs. Multiple stress-induced genes are known to be activated through eIF2α phosphorylation and induction of…
(more)
▼ Maternal protein restriction is associated with inducting of gene expression programs. Multiple stress-induced genes are known to be activated through eIF2α phosphorylation and induction of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), which also potentially play a role in autophagy related-genes expression. The present study investigates the mechanisms by which maternal protein restriction induce autophagy related-gene expression in the liver of offspring rats. In this study, pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a control diet (18% energy from protein) or a low-protein diet (8.5% energy from protein) during gestation period followed by the control diet during lactation. Offspring consumed the same control post-weaning diet from postnatal day 21. Liver tissue was collected at postnatal day 38 from the offspring.
The maternal low-protein diet significantly induced mRNA expression of the stress- response genes including Atf3 and Chop in liver of female offspring, but not in male. Moreover, mRNA expression of hepatic autophagy gene including LC3b, P62/SQSTM1, Beclin1, Atg3, Atg7, Atg5, and Atg10 was increased significantly only in the female offspring by gestational low-protein diet. The induction of gene expression was consistent with the activated eIF2a/ATF4 pathway in female offspring. Furthermore, we found the maternal low-protein diet induces ATF4 and C/EBP homology protein (CHOP) binding at the regions of specific autophagy-related genes in the liver of female offspring through differential cooperative regulation. Overall, our data demonstrated that hepatic autophagy gene expression could be induced by a maternal LP diet only in the female rat offspring. This transcriptional program involves in activated p- eIF2α/ATF4 pathway and cooperative regulation of transcription factors ATF4 and CHOP.
Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Pan%2C%20Yuan-
Xiang%22%29&pagesize-30">
Pan,
Yuan-
Xiang (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Maternal low-protein diet; Autophagy; Gene; Transcription factor
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Cai, M. (2018). A maternal low-protein diet during gestation induces hepatic autophagy gene expression only in the female offspring Sprague-Dawley rats. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101749
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Cai, Mingzhu. “A maternal low-protein diet during gestation induces hepatic autophagy gene expression only in the female offspring Sprague-Dawley rats.” 2018. Thesis, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101749.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Cai, Mingzhu. “A maternal low-protein diet during gestation induces hepatic autophagy gene expression only in the female offspring Sprague-Dawley rats.” 2018. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Cai M. A maternal low-protein diet during gestation induces hepatic autophagy gene expression only in the female offspring Sprague-Dawley rats. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101749.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Cai M. A maternal low-protein diet during gestation induces hepatic autophagy gene expression only in the female offspring Sprague-Dawley rats. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101749
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
2.
Jung, Paul M.
High fat diet causes hepatic lipid accumulation by programming lipid synthesizing genes via gene body methylation.
Degree: MS, Food Science & Human Nutrition, 2017, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/99124
► A high-fat diet (HFD) has been shown to cause more hepatic lipid accumulation as compared to a low-fat control (C) diet. However, it is still…
(more)
▼ A high-fat diet (HFD) has been shown to cause more hepatic lipid accumulation as compared to a low-fat control (C) diet. However, it is still unclear what role epigenetic mechanisms play in hepatic lipid accumulation. We hypothesize that a HFD will cause greater hepatic lipid accumulation through increased lipid synthesizing gene expression via decreased gene methylation. The objective of this study is to determine the role of methylation in hepatic lipid synthesizing genes as an outcome of hepatic lipid accumulation due to a HFD. Two models were used to address the following: the direct effects of a post-weaning HFD on hepatic lipid synthesizing genes as well as the indirect effects of a maternal HFD. Timed-pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were given either a C (16% fat) or HFD (45% fat) during gestation and lactation. Pups from both C mothers were weaned onto either a C or HFD and the pups from the maternal HFD were weaned onto a HFD, creating three offspring groups: C/C, C/HF, and HF/HF. Model 1 compared the C/C group to the C/HF group, while model 2 focused on the comparison of the C/HF group to the HF/HF group. Rats were sacrificed at 12 weeks of age, and the left lobe of the liver was used for further analysis. In model 1, liver histology showed greater hepatic fat accumulation in the C/HF group. Gene expression data was measured for multiple genes in the following pathways: glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, fatty acid synthesis, and triacylglycerol synthesis. Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAM), fatty acid synthase (FASN), acetyl CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), and glucose-6-phosphotase (G6Pase) showed lower levels of mRNA in the C/HF group as compared to the C/C group. DNA methylation of those genes was analyzed based on data obtained from methyl-DNA immunoprecipitation with high-throughput sequencing (MEDIP-SEQ). Differential methylation was observed for G6Pase, GPAM, and ACC1. GPAM and ACC1 showed decreased average methylation read peaks for C/HF in comparison to the C/C group. The data in model 1 suggest that decreased gene body methylation leads to decreased lipid synthesizing genes. In model 2, liver histology showed greater hepatic fat accumulation in the HF/HF group. Gene expression data were measured in the same pathways as previously stated. GPAM and FASN showed higher levels of mRNA in the HF/HF group. MEDIP-SEQ data showed greater average methylations read peaks for HF/HF along the gene body for GPAM. Methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) validated these results by showing greater methylation on intron 1, on the 7.2 kilobases (kB) pair region, as well as exon 21, at 59.5 kB pair region on GPAM. The data in model 2 suggest that increased gene body methylation leads to increased lipid synthesizing genes. These studies suggest that there is a positive relationship between gene body methylation and mRNA expression in hepatic lipid synthesizing genes.
Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Pan%2C%20Yuan-
Xiang%22%29&pagesize-30">
Pan,
Yuan-
Xiang (advisor),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Chen%2C%20Hong%22%29&pagesize-30">Chen, Hong (advisor),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Miller%2C%20Michael%20J%22%29&pagesize-30">Miller, Michael J (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Epigenetics; Nutrient-gene interaction; Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; Obesity
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Jung, P. M. (2017). High fat diet causes hepatic lipid accumulation by programming lipid synthesizing genes via gene body methylation. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/99124
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Jung, Paul M. “High fat diet causes hepatic lipid accumulation by programming lipid synthesizing genes via gene body methylation.” 2017. Thesis, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2142/99124.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Jung, Paul M. “High fat diet causes hepatic lipid accumulation by programming lipid synthesizing genes via gene body methylation.” 2017. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Jung PM. High fat diet causes hepatic lipid accumulation by programming lipid synthesizing genes via gene body methylation. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/99124.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Jung PM. High fat diet causes hepatic lipid accumulation by programming lipid synthesizing genes via gene body methylation. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/99124
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
3.
Wang, Michelle.
Supplementation of licorice root and epimedium in a control or high fat diet and their effects on a preclinical metastatic breast cancer model.
Degree: PhD, Food Science & Human Nutrition, 2016, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/90797
► The natural decline in estrogen that occurs in women during menopause causes significant discomfort and decrease in quality of life for women. Botanical supplements contain…
(more)
▼ The natural decline in estrogen that occurs in women during menopause causes significant discomfort and decrease in quality of life for women. Botanical supplements contain multiple bioactive components, some of which have been identified to be phytoestrogenic and are used to remedy menopausal symptoms. However, due to their ability to mimic estrogen, the phytoestrogenic components contained in these botanical supplements may play a role in the progression of breast cancer. The majority of botanicals lack established data on safety and efficacy. They also present the likelihood for interactions to occur, such as with the high fat diet that is consumed in many Western countries.
Two such botanicals, licorice root and epimedium, which are used to alleviate menopausal symptoms, were studied for their impact on the progression of metastatic breast cancer in an animal model. In the licorice study, mice were supplemented with licorice root powder, extract or isoliquirtigenin for 2 weeks before and 3 weeks after cell injection. The effects of supplementation with the same licorice compounds alongside a high-fat diet were also explored. Mice fed licorice root powder and isoliquiritigenin were found to have a reduction in lung metastasis compared to control. In the high fat group, no changes in lung metastasis were found in animals supplemented with licorice root compounds compared with control. Although mild hepatocellular hypertrophy was observed in the liver of mice fed licorice root compounds, no significant adverse effects were found. In the epimedium study, mice were fed epimedium powder, extract or icariin for 12 weeks before and 4 weeks after cell injection. A second cohort also received the same epimedium treatments alongside a high fat diet. Supplementation with epimedium compounds had no effect on lung metastasis in the control groups, while only epimedium powder was found to decrease lung metastasis in the high fat cohorts. No adverse effects due to epimedium supplementation were found. In this animal model, supplementation with licorice root or epimedium compounds did not have a promoting effect on breast cancer metastasis. Both licorice and epimedium possess properties that could be advantageous toward the development of novel pharmacological treatments. However, the safety of licorice root or epimedium supplement use remains uncertain due to the possibility of interaction with dietary components and should be approached with caution.
Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Helferich%2C%20William%22%29&pagesize-30">Helferich, William (advisor),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Andrade%2C%20Juan%22%29&pagesize-30">Andrade, Juan (Committee Chair),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Engeseth%2C%20Nicki%22%29&pagesize-30">Engeseth, Nicki (committee member),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Pan%2C%20Yuan-Xiang%22%29&pagesize-30">Pan, Yuan-Xiang (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: breast cancer; metastasis; botanical; licorice root; epimedium; phytoestrogens
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Wang, M. (2016). Supplementation of licorice root and epimedium in a control or high fat diet and their effects on a preclinical metastatic breast cancer model. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/90797
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wang, Michelle. “Supplementation of licorice root and epimedium in a control or high fat diet and their effects on a preclinical metastatic breast cancer model.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2142/90797.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wang, Michelle. “Supplementation of licorice root and epimedium in a control or high fat diet and their effects on a preclinical metastatic breast cancer model.” 2016. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Wang M. Supplementation of licorice root and epimedium in a control or high fat diet and their effects on a preclinical metastatic breast cancer model. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/90797.
Council of Science Editors:
Wang M. Supplementation of licorice root and epimedium in a control or high fat diet and their effects on a preclinical metastatic breast cancer model. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/90797

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
4.
Xu, Guanying.
Diet-induced-obesity suppresses beta-catenin and promotes cell proliferation during colon development.
Degree: MS, Food Science & Human Nutrition, 2018, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101719
► Diet induced obesity (DIO), resulting from long-term consumption of a high fat diet, modifies multiple signaling pathways. These response pathways are closely associated with cell…
(more)
▼ Diet induced obesity (DIO), resulting from long-term consumption of a high fat diet, modifies multiple signaling pathways. These response pathways are closely associated with cell proliferation, inflammation and immune responses. The main goal of this present study is to investigate the impact from diet-induced obesity (DIO) on the regulation of expression of beta-catenin and its localization, causing downstream impacts on cellular development, inflammation and immune system in the mouse colon.
In this study, 5-week-old male mice were fed either a control diet (CON, 10% kcal from fat) or a high-fat diet (HF, 45% kcal from fat) for 11 weeks. Body fat percentage and food intake results indicate significant difference between two groups of mice.
The effects of DIO on mRNA expression of related genes in selected pathways in the colon tissue were analyzed in both control and DIO mice. Wnt 2, Wnt5a, Wnt7b, Axin1, APC, CTNNB1 and c-Myc were significantly decreased while Sfrp2 and Sfrp 5 were significantly increased in DIO group, suggesting that Wnt signaling pathway were suppressed by DIO. The expression of p21 and Raf-1 were also significantly decreased in DIO group, while Cyclin D1 was increased, suggesting that DIO has impact on cell proliferation. Immunofluorescent staining results suggested that repressed Wnt signaling prevented beta-catenin translocation and its nuclear accumulation, while Ki-67 showed a stronger signal intense in DIO mice.
Overall, this study shows that DIO suppressed beta-catenin expression as well as nuclear accumulation, which inhibited Wnt signaling pathway while promoted cell proliferation in the colon of DIO mouse. Furthermore, findings from current study may be applied as colon health indicator for clinical study in future.
Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Pan%2C%20Yuan-
Xiang%22%29&pagesize-30">
Pan,
Yuan-
Xiang (advisor),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Chen%2C%20Hong%22%29&pagesize-30">Chen, Hong (committee member),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Arthur%2C%20Anna%20E%22%29&pagesize-30">Arthur, Anna E (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: diet-induced-obesity; wnt; beta-catenin; proliferation
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Xu, G. (2018). Diet-induced-obesity suppresses beta-catenin and promotes cell proliferation during colon development. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101719
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Xu, Guanying. “Diet-induced-obesity suppresses beta-catenin and promotes cell proliferation during colon development.” 2018. Thesis, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101719.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Xu, Guanying. “Diet-induced-obesity suppresses beta-catenin and promotes cell proliferation during colon development.” 2018. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Xu G. Diet-induced-obesity suppresses beta-catenin and promotes cell proliferation during colon development. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101719.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Xu G. Diet-induced-obesity suppresses beta-catenin and promotes cell proliferation during colon development. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101719
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
5.
Strakovsky, Rita S.
A decrease in dkk1, a Wnt inhibitor, contributes to placental and fetal lipid accumulation in an obesity-prone rat model.
Degree: PhD, 0191, 2011, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/24320
► Placenta, as the sole transport mechanism between mother and fetus, links the maternal physical state and the immediate and life-long outcomes of the offspring. The…
(more)
▼ Placenta, as the sole transport mechanism between mother and fetus, links the maternal physical state and the immediate and life-long outcomes of the offspring. The present study examined the mechanisms behind the effect of maternal obesity on placental lipid accumulation and metabolism. Pregnant Obese Prone (OP) and Obese Resistant (OR) rat strains were fed a control diet throughout gestation. Placentas were collected on gestational d21 for analysis and frozen placental sections were analyzed for fat accumulation as well as β-Catenin and Dkk1 localization. Additionally, DKK1 was overexpressed in JEG3 trophoblast cells, followed by treatment with NEFA and Oil Red O stain quantification and mRNA analysis to determine the relationship between placental DKK1 and lipid accumulation. Maternal plasma and placental NEFA and TG were elevated in OP dams, and offspring of OP dams were smaller than OR. Placental Dkk1 mRNA content was 4-fold lower in OP placentas, and there was a significant increase in β-Catenin accumulation as well as mRNA content of fat transport and TG synthesis enzymes, including Ppar-delta, Fatp1, Fat/Cd36, Lipin1, and Lipin3. There was significant lipid accumulation within the decidual zones in OP but not OR placentas, and the thickness of the decidual and junctional zones was significantly smaller in OP than OR placentas. Overexpression of DKK1 in JEG3 cells decreased lipid accumulation and the mRNA content of PPAR-Delta, FATP1, FAT/CD36, LIPIN1, and LIPIN3. Our results indicate that Dkk1 may be regulating placental lipid metabolism through Wnt-mediated mechanisms.
Additionally, recent studies have suggested that maternal obesity may also program early development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), rates of which have correlated with the increase in the obesity epidemic. In the current study, livers of OP offspring had significantly increased TG content (P<0.05) and lipid accumulation when compared to offspring of OR dams. Additionally, hepatic Dkk1 mRNA content was significantly decreased in OP livers when compared to OR (P<0.05), and treating H4IIECR rat hepatocyte cells with NEFA showed that Dkk1 mRNA was also decreased in NEFA-treated cells (P<0.05) that also had lipid accumulation. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis of the Dkk1 promoter in fetal livers showed a pattern of histone modifications associated with decreased gene transcription in OP offspring, which agrees with our gene expression data. These results demonstrate that the hepatic Dkk1 gene is epigenetically regulated via histone modification in neonatal offspring in the current model of gestational obesity, and future studies will be needed to determine whether these changes contribute to excessive hepatic lipid accumulation in offspring of obese dams.
Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Pan%2C%20Yuan-
Xiang%22%29&pagesize-30">
Pan,
Yuan-
Xiang (advisor),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Donovan%2C%20Sharon%20M.%22%29&pagesize-30">Donovan, Sharon M. (Committee Chair),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Pan%2C%20Yuan-Xiang%22%29&pagesize-30">Pan, Yuan-Xiang (committee member),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Tappenden%2C%20Kelly%20A.%22%29&pagesize-30">Tappenden, Kelly A. (committee member),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Chen%2C%20Hong%22%29&pagesize-30">Chen, Hong (committee member),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Loor%2C%20Juan%20J.%22%29&pagesize-30">Loor, Juan J. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Fetal programming; Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR); epigenetics; Aberrant Wnt
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Strakovsky, R. S. (2011). A decrease in dkk1, a Wnt inhibitor, contributes to placental and fetal lipid accumulation in an obesity-prone rat model. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/24320
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Strakovsky, Rita S. “A decrease in dkk1, a Wnt inhibitor, contributes to placental and fetal lipid accumulation in an obesity-prone rat model.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2142/24320.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Strakovsky, Rita S. “A decrease in dkk1, a Wnt inhibitor, contributes to placental and fetal lipid accumulation in an obesity-prone rat model.” 2011. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Strakovsky RS. A decrease in dkk1, a Wnt inhibitor, contributes to placental and fetal lipid accumulation in an obesity-prone rat model. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/24320.
Council of Science Editors:
Strakovsky RS. A decrease in dkk1, a Wnt inhibitor, contributes to placental and fetal lipid accumulation in an obesity-prone rat model. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/24320
6.
Zhang, Xiyuan.
A maternal high fat diet represses the expression of antioxidant defense genes and induces the cellular senescence pathway in the liver of male offspring rats.
Degree: MS, 0037, 2011, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/24049
► Maternal high fat (HF) diet feeding is associated with increased risk of developing metabolism-related diseases in adult offspring, including chronic liver disease. The present study…
(more)
▼ Maternal high fat (HF) diet feeding is associated with increased risk of developing metabolism-related diseases in adult offspring, including chronic liver disease. The present study tested the hypothesis that maternal high fat diet leads to a decreased antioxidant defense capacity and causes cellular senescence in liver of adult offspring rats, which might increase risk of developing chronic liver disease. Timed-pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were fed a HF diet (45% of energy from fat) or a control (C) diet (16% of energy from fat) during gestation and lactation. The resulting offspring were fed a control diet after weaning, to generate two offspring groups: C/C and HF/C. At 12 wk of age, male rats were killed and samples were collected for analysis. Maternal HF diet significantly increased plasma triacylglycerol and hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substance concentrations and the size of hepatic lipid droplets in offspring rats. The expression of antioxidant defense genes, such as glutathione peroxidase-1 (Gpx1), Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Sod1), paraoxonase enzymes (Pon1, Pon2, and Pon3) were significantly lower in the liver of HF/C pups than in C/C pups. The expression of p16INK4a, a marker of cellular senescence, and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox2), a pro-inflammatory marker, was significantly higher in the HF/C offspring group than in the C/C offspring group. Western blot analysis shows that cyclin D1 and phosphorylated retinoblastoma (p-Rb) protein were significantly lower in HF/C offspring than in C/C offspring. The results provide the first evidence that maternal HF diet might alter antioxidant defense capacity and program the p16INK4a- dependent cellular senescence in the liver of adult offspring.
Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Pan%2C%20Yuan-
Xiang%22%29&pagesize-30">
Pan,
Yuan-
Xiang (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Aging; Cancer; Oxidative stress; Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; Lipid
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Zhang, X. (2011). A maternal high fat diet represses the expression of antioxidant defense genes and induces the cellular senescence pathway in the liver of male offspring rats. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/24049
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Zhang, Xiyuan. “A maternal high fat diet represses the expression of antioxidant defense genes and induces the cellular senescence pathway in the liver of male offspring rats.” 2011. Thesis, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2142/24049.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Zhang, Xiyuan. “A maternal high fat diet represses the expression of antioxidant defense genes and induces the cellular senescence pathway in the liver of male offspring rats.” 2011. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Zhang X. A maternal high fat diet represses the expression of antioxidant defense genes and induces the cellular senescence pathway in the liver of male offspring rats. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/24049.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Zhang X. A maternal high fat diet represses the expression of antioxidant defense genes and induces the cellular senescence pathway in the liver of male offspring rats. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/24049
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
7.
Luan, Shaoyu.
Effects of nutritional strategies on rumen environment and performance in dairy cows.
Degree: PhD, Animal Sciences, 2014, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/79519
► Sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is a common condition affecting dairy cows and has up to 26% incidence in commercial dairy farms (Garrett et al., 1999;…
(more)
▼ Sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is a common condition affecting dairy cows and has up to 26% incidence in commercial dairy farms (Garrett et al., 1999; Kleen et al., 2003). Its association with DMI depression, milk yield depression, reduced feed efficiency, rumenitis, diarrhea, laminitis, inflammation, liver abscesses, and high culling and death rates in dairy cattle had been extensively reported by previous authors (Nocek, 1997; Kleen et al., 2003; Stone, 2004; Alzahal et al., 2007; Enemark, 2008). The effects of SARA on urine, fecal pH, milk yield and milk composition, and starch digestibility were determined. Six Holstein cows (HOL), six rumen-cannulated Holstein cows (CAN), and six Jersey cows (JER) were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design balanced to measure carry-over effects. Periods (10 d) were divided into 4 stages (S): S1, baseline, d 1-3, ad libitum TMR; S2, restricted feeding, d 4, cows fed for 50% of S1 DMI; S3, challenge, d 5, treatments applied; S4, recovery, d 6-10, all cows fed ad libitum TMR. Treatments were CON, no top dress; MOD, 10% of S1 DMI as top dress (pelleted mixture of 50:50, wheat: barley); and HIG, 20% of S1 DMI as top dress. Rumen pH and urine pH were recorded at -2 to 22 h relative to feeding on S3. Milk yield was recorded and DMI measured daily. Milk samples were obtained on d 2, 4, 5, and 8 for composition analysis. Fecal samples were obtained on d 1 afternoon (3 PM), d 4 morning (7 AM), afternoon (3 PM), night (11 PM), and the next morning before feeding (6 AM) for determination of fecal pH and starch digestibility. No treatment carry-over effect was observed for any measured variable. Mean rumen pH was depressed to 6.24 and 6.35 for cows in HIG and MOD respectively, which were lower than the 6.45 for cows in CON treatment. However, the area under curve was not different among treatments in rumen pH. Mean urine pH for HOL cows was lower on HIG (8.46) compared with 8.54 and 8.51 for CON and MOD, respectively. Mean urine pH of Jersey cows did not differ among treatments. Fecal pH was not different among treatments either for JER and HOL cows. However, fecal pH was lower 15 and 23 h after feeding in HOL cows when compared with other time points. Fecal pH was lower at 7, 15, and 23 h after feeding in JER cows than other time points. Milk yield and composition were not different among treatments. Milk urea nitrogen was elevated in S2 and S3 on all treatments for both HOL and JER cows. No treatment effects were found for fecal pH and starch digestibility. During S3, fecal pH was depressed from 7 to 23 h and 15 to 24 h post feeding for JER and HOL cows. Rumen pH can be predicted by urine pH within 2 h after feeding. Fecal pH may be used as a tool to predict rumen pH depression as early as 7 and 15 h after feeding for JER and HOL cows respectively.
One alternative to modulate rumen environment is the utilization of direct-fed microbials (DFM) that has become common in the dairy industry, but questions regarding their value and mode of action remain prevalent. The objective of…
Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Cardoso%2C%20Felipe%22%29&pagesize-30">Cardoso, Felipe (advisor),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Cardoso%2C%20Felipe%22%29&pagesize-30">Cardoso, Felipe (Committee Chair),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Drackley%2C%20James%20K.%22%29&pagesize-30">Drackley, James K. (committee member),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Murphy%2C%20Michael%20R.%22%29&pagesize-30">Murphy, Michael R. (committee member),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Pan%2C%20Yuan-Xiang%22%29&pagesize-30">Pan, Yuan-Xiang (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: direct-fed microbial; sub-acute ruminal acidosis; Rumen environment
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
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APA (6th Edition):
Luan, S. (2014). Effects of nutritional strategies on rumen environment and performance in dairy cows. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/79519
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Luan, Shaoyu. “Effects of nutritional strategies on rumen environment and performance in dairy cows.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2142/79519.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Luan, Shaoyu. “Effects of nutritional strategies on rumen environment and performance in dairy cows.” 2014. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Luan S. Effects of nutritional strategies on rumen environment and performance in dairy cows. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/79519.
Council of Science Editors:
Luan S. Effects of nutritional strategies on rumen environment and performance in dairy cows. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/79519

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
8.
Liu, Yunxian.
Food processing modulation on breast cancer.
Degree: PhD, Food Science & Human Nutrition, 2015, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/88954
► Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer and the second most common cause of cancer death in women in the United States. This dissertation focuses…
(more)
▼ Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer and the second most common cause of cancer death in women in the United States. This dissertation focuses on the study of food processing modulation on breast cancer in two separate studies.
First, the soy processing effect on breast cancer was investigated. Soy flour diet (MS) prevented isoflavones from stimulating MCF-7 tumor growth in athymic nude mice, indicating that other bioactive compounds in soy can negate the estrogenic properties of isoflavones. The underlying signal transduction pathways to explain the protective effects of soy flour consumption were studied. Ovariectomized athymic nude mice inoculated with MCF-7 human breast cancer cells were fed either MS or purified isoflavone mix (MI), both with equivalent amounts of genistein. Positive controls received estradiol pellets and negative controls received sham pellets. GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array platform was used to evaluate gene expression, and results were analyzed using bioinformatics approaches. Tumors in MS-fed mice exhibited higher expression of tumor growth suppressing genes ATP2A3 and BLNK, and lower expression of oncogene MYC. Tumors in MI-fed mice expressed higher level of oncogene MYB and lower level of MHC-I and MHC-II, allowing tumor cells to escape immunosurveillance. MS-induced gene expression alterations were predictive of prolonged survival among estrogen receptor positive breast cancer patients, whilst MI-induced gene changes were predictive of shortened survival. Our findings suggest dietary soy flour affects gene expression differently than purified isoflavones, which may explain why soy foods prevent isoflavones-induced stimulation of MCF-7 tumor growth in athymic nude mice. Future study will be conducted to characterize the composition of the bioactive components other than isoflavones in the soy flour diet, and their anticipated protective effects on breast cancer growth.
Second, the link between the physical and chemical characteristics of moderately ther- mally abused oil (TAO) and their relevance to the biological responses in breast cancer metastasis was examined. Deep-frying is a popular food processing method worldwide. The intake of fried foods accounts for approximately 15% of the total calorie intake in industrialized countries, which is more than half of energy intake originating from fat. Mounting evidence suggest that a high fat diet has a substantial impact on cancer. However, the relationship between deep-fried food intake and breast cancer development remains unclear. In fact, although individual latent undesirable compounds produced during deep- frying have been shown to be carcinogenic, little is known about their impacts on breast cancer in a whole food system. In this study, soybean oil was thermally abused and time series data were collected. Three different foods including potato strips, chicken strips and catfish nuggets were fried. The physical (color and viscosity) and chemical changes (peroxide value, p-anisidine value, free fatty acid, polar…
Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Helferich%2C%20William%20G.%22%29&pagesize-30">Helferich, William G. (advisor),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Pan%2C%20Yuan-Xiang%22%29&pagesize-30">Pan, Yuan-Xiang (Committee Chair),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Engeseth%2C%20Nicki%20J.%22%29&pagesize-30">Engeseth, Nicki J. (committee member),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Andrade%2C%20Juan%20E.%22%29&pagesize-30">Andrade, Juan E. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: food processing; breast cancer; isoflavones; MCF-7; Soy; Whole-genome expression; thermally abused oil; high-fat diet; undesirable compound
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Liu, Y. (2015). Food processing modulation on breast cancer. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/88954
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Liu, Yunxian. “Food processing modulation on breast cancer.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2142/88954.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Liu, Yunxian. “Food processing modulation on breast cancer.” 2015. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Liu Y. Food processing modulation on breast cancer. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/88954.
Council of Science Editors:
Liu Y. Food processing modulation on breast cancer. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/88954

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
9.
Wang, Wendan.
Changes of breast cancer growth and metastasis in murine models modulated by an aromatase inhibitor, a low calcium diet or a high fat diet.
Degree: PhD, Food Science & Human Nutrition, 2015, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/89011
► Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women, the leading cause of cancer death in females worldwide, and the second in American…
(more)
▼ Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women, the leading cause of cancer death in females worldwide, and the second in American women (after lung cancer) according to CDC. In the most advanced stage of BC, stage IV, cancer cells metastasize from the original site to distant organs, such as bone, lung and liver. Tumor metastasis is responsible for nearly all of the morbidity and mortality associated with BC. Treatments of BC fail in the advanced stage, when metastases have already occurred.
To mimic late stage BC in female patients, a mouse model was utilized to create a micro-metastatic lesion by implanting a small number of metastatic murine mammary tumor cells into the marrow cavity of tibia. Subsequent lung metastasis was evaluated. Previously our group reported that estrogens and phytoestrogens stimulated BC primary tumor growth in mice. Estradiol stimulated ER negative BC metastasis in mice. Based on foregoing studies, the hypothesis of this study is that the aromatase inhibitor letrozole may inhibit BC metastases to lungs by suppressing estrogen synthesis. BC growth on the bone micro-metastatic site and lung metastases were monitored in live animals via Bioluminescence Imaging (BLI). Effects of ovariectomy and letrozole on body estradiol levels were examined. Tumor nodules on lungs stained with India ink were counted. Furthermore, tumor grown in lungs was analyzed via H&E staining and proliferative cell percentage in lung tumors was calculated via Ki-67 staining. Our results showed that ovariectomy lowered body estrogen level and increased bone tumor area and density as indicated by BLI, while letrozole inhibited BC lung metastases in mice inoculated with murine 4T1 cancer cells.
In a following project, the effects of a Low Calcium Diet (LCD) on BC metastases from bone to lungs, and its effects on the bone microenvironment in mice inoculated with murine 4T1 cells were studied. Bioluminescence imaging and India ink staining were used to evaluate tumor metastasis to the lungs. India ink stained lungs showed that LCD increased tumor numbers on the surface of lungs compared with control diet. LCD also induced negative impacts on the bone microenvironment where the primary tumor grows.
In the third project, the effects of a high fat diet (HFD) on BC growth and metastasis in mice inoculated with murine 4T1 or 4T1.2 BC cells were studied. HFDs have been associated with BC progression and metastasis, indicated to increase BC risk by raising estradiol level. In BALB/c mice, dietary fat was found to increase mammary tumor growth and metastasis, and increase mortality. In this study, effects of HFD on mammary ductal tumor growth and BC metastasis in mice were evaluated. Metastases from bone to visceral tissues were monitored by BLI. It is found in this project that HFD increased BC metastasis to lung and liver in mice injected with 4T1.2 cells as shown by H&E staining. Mice injected with 4T1.2 cells developed more aggressive metastasis than mice with 4T1 cells, and also had higher liver weight and…
Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Helferich%2C%20William%20G%22%29&pagesize-30">Helferich, William G (advisor),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Pan%2C%20Yuan-Xiang%22%29&pagesize-30">Pan, Yuan-Xiang (Committee Chair),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Chen%2C%20Hong%22%29&pagesize-30">Chen, Hong (committee member),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Engeseth%2C%20Nicki%20J%22%29&pagesize-30">Engeseth, Nicki J (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: breast cancer; micro-metastatic bone tumor; lung metastases; aromatase inhibitor letrozole; ovariectomy; bioluminescence imaging; low calcium diet; high fat diet; liver metastasis
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Wang, W. (2015). Changes of breast cancer growth and metastasis in murine models modulated by an aromatase inhibitor, a low calcium diet or a high fat diet. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/89011
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wang, Wendan. “Changes of breast cancer growth and metastasis in murine models modulated by an aromatase inhibitor, a low calcium diet or a high fat diet.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2142/89011.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wang, Wendan. “Changes of breast cancer growth and metastasis in murine models modulated by an aromatase inhibitor, a low calcium diet or a high fat diet.” 2015. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Wang W. Changes of breast cancer growth and metastasis in murine models modulated by an aromatase inhibitor, a low calcium diet or a high fat diet. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/89011.
Council of Science Editors:
Wang W. Changes of breast cancer growth and metastasis in murine models modulated by an aromatase inhibitor, a low calcium diet or a high fat diet. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/89011

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
10.
Chen, Yung-Ju.
Dietary broccoli impedes Western diet-enhanced fatty liver and hepatocellular carcinoma development.
Degree: PhD, Food Science & Human Nutrition, 2015, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/89169
► Liver is the metabolic center for energy homeostasis in our body, maintaining a balance between carbohydrate and fat metabolism. The “Westernized” dietary pattern, which is…
(more)
▼ Liver is the metabolic center for energy homeostasis in our body, maintaining a balance between carbohydrate and fat metabolism. The “Westernized” dietary pattern, which is known for high saturated fat and refined sugar and rooted in the lifestyle of a large proportion of the world’s population, may greatly disrupt energy balance, resulting in obesity and obesity-related diseases. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hepatocellular carcinoma, which is also a possible endpoint of NAFLD, are both enhanced by adiposity and inflammation, and almost symptomless until serious damage is caused in liver. However, these diseases can be preventable, by changing lifestyle and diet. Broccoli, a well-accepted brassica vegetable in the United States, has the potential to reduce cancer risk and ameliorate inflammation. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to understand the impact of dietary broccoli on the development of NAFLD and liver cancer in mice fed a Western diet. Accordingly, we proposed a whole dietary broccoli intervention. A combined Western diet-fed and diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-treated mouse liver cancer models was used in order to evaluate the changes in hepatic lipidosis, macrophage activation, and tumorigenesis after long-term consumption of broccoli. Our results show that dietary broccoli decreased hepatic lipidosis as early as 3 months after initiation, and effectively down-regulated liver damage. The enlarged hepatic triglyceride pool due to the Western diet was narrowed by dietary broccoli, lowering the influx of non-esterified fatty acids but increasing the excretion of very-low-density lipoprotein. Activation of hepatic macrophages, was lowered by continues consumption of broccoli. Furthermore, DEN-induced liver tumor size and hepatic neoplasm-related lesion formation were both decreased by dietary broccoli. In addition, as an incidental finding, intraperitoneal DEN-induced nasal epithelial neoplasm-related lesions in B6C3F1 mice are first reported in this study. Overall, whole broccoli dietary intervention has the potential to impede the progression of NAFLD, from hepatic steatosis, through steatohepatitis, to hepatocellular carcinoma. This study fills gaps of knowledge about the impact of broccoli on hepatic lipid metabolism, supports the cancer preventive effect of brassicas revealed by epidemiologic studies, and further encourages the whole food dietary intervention. Translation to clinical studies is needed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Jeffery%2C%20Elizabeth%20H.%22%29&pagesize-30">Jeffery, Elizabeth H. (advisor),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Erdman%2C%20John%20W.%22%29&pagesize-30">Erdman, John W. (Committee Chair),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Pan%2C%20Yuan-Xiang%22%29&pagesize-30">Pan, Yuan-Xiang (committee member),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Wallig%2C%20Matthew%20A.%22%29&pagesize-30">Wallig, Matthew A. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Broccoli; Western diet; Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD); Liver cancer
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Chen, Y. (2015). Dietary broccoli impedes Western diet-enhanced fatty liver and hepatocellular carcinoma development. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/89169
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Chen, Yung-Ju. “Dietary broccoli impedes Western diet-enhanced fatty liver and hepatocellular carcinoma development.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2142/89169.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Chen, Yung-Ju. “Dietary broccoli impedes Western diet-enhanced fatty liver and hepatocellular carcinoma development.” 2015. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Chen Y. Dietary broccoli impedes Western diet-enhanced fatty liver and hepatocellular carcinoma development. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/89169.
Council of Science Editors:
Chen Y. Dietary broccoli impedes Western diet-enhanced fatty liver and hepatocellular carcinoma development. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/89169

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
11.
Fitschen, Peter J.
Efficacy of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation in hemodialysis patients.
Degree: PhD, Nutritional Sciences, 2015, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/89177
► Patients with renal failure undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) therapy suffer from a number of co-morbidities including skeletal muscle loss, reduced physical function, a significantly increased…
(more)
▼ Patients with renal failure undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) therapy suffer from a number of co-morbidities including skeletal muscle loss, reduced physical function, a significantly increased fall risk, and reduced quality of life (QOL). Therefore, interventions to combat these co-morbidities are needed. Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a metabolite of the amino acid leucine that has been shown to improve lean mass and physical function in the elderly and clinical populations, but had not previously been studied in MHD patients. Approximately 25 percent of supplemental HMB is cleared by the kidney; therefore, we first performed an acute study to determine the clearance of supplemental HMB in hemodialysis patients. MHD patients (n=8) consumed 3g HMB prior to a standard hemodialysis session. Following supplementation with HMB, a majority of supplemental HMB was cleared within 48hrs and plasma HMB levels returned to baseline within 7 days in all participants. These results suggest that supplemental HMB is cleared in patients with impaired renal function.
Based upon these results, we performed a double blind, placebo controlled, randomized trial to assess the effects of daily HMB supplementation on co-morbidities in MHD patients. MHD patients were recruited and assigned to either daily supplementation with HMB (n=16) or placebo (n=17) for 6 months. No significant effects of HMB on lean mass, strength, physical function, fall risk, or quality of life were found using an intent-to-treat analysis. However, upon analysis of plasma HMB concentrations, 5 of 16 patients (31%) who completed the study in the HMB group were found to be non-compliant at 3 or 6 months. Therefore, we performed a per-protocol analysis with compliant participants only. Although this analysis was underpowered, we observed a trend for improvements in chair stand and timed up-and-go tests with HMB supplementation. However, no effects of HMB were observed for lean mass, strength, fall risk, or quality of life. As a whole, these results do not support the efficacy of HMB to attenuate muscle loss and declines in physical function in MHD patients. However, the observed low-compliance with study pills may have affected results. Moreover, it highlights the need for future interventions targeted at reducing pill burden and improving pill compliance in this population.
Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Wilund%2C%20Kenneth%20%20R%22%29&pagesize-30">Wilund, Kenneth R (advisor),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Pan%2C%20Yuan-Xiang%22%29&pagesize-30">Pan, Yuan-Xiang (Committee Chair),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Woods%2C%20Jeffrey%20A%22%29&pagesize-30">Woods, Jeffrey A (committee member),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Wilson%2C%20Jacob%20M%22%29&pagesize-30">Wilson, Jacob M (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: hemodialysis; muscle; kidney disease; end stage renal disease; Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB)
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Fitschen, P. J. (2015). Efficacy of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation in hemodialysis patients. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/89177
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Fitschen, Peter J. “Efficacy of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation in hemodialysis patients.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2142/89177.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Fitschen, Peter J. “Efficacy of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation in hemodialysis patients.” 2015. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Fitschen PJ. Efficacy of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation in hemodialysis patients. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/89177.
Council of Science Editors:
Fitschen PJ. Efficacy of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation in hemodialysis patients. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/89177

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
12.
Milan Noris, Evelia Maria.
Development of a plant-based vaccine against malaria.
Degree: PhD, Nutritional Sciences, 2015, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/89223
► Malaria is the most prevalent tropical human disease reported worldwide, caused by protozoan parasites. Half of the world's population is at risk of malaria, and…
(more)
▼ Malaria is the most prevalent tropical human disease reported worldwide, caused by protozoan parasites. Half of the world's population is at risk of malaria, and more than 200 million new cases are reported annually. Currently, there are no licensed vaccines available for use. Therefore, there is a vital need for developing an effective and reliable anti-malaria vaccine ideally protecting different parasitic infection stages comprising different antigens that generate appropriate cell-mediated antibody responses of the parasite presentation. Plant-based vaccines serve as novel platforms for developing safe, reliable, and affordable treatments.
In this study, a Malchloroplast candidate vaccine is designed, comprised of segments of AMA-1 and MSP-1 proteins along with the GK1 peptide form Teania solium as adjuvant, and expressed in tobacco chloroplasts. Transplastomic tobacco lines have been generated using biolistic transformation, and these are confirmed to carry the synthetic gene construct. The synthetic GK1 peptide is confirmed to be expressed using RT-PCR and Western blots, and detected by RP-HPLC at levels of up to 6 µg g-1 dry weight of tobacco leaf tissue. The plant-derived Malchloroplast candidate vaccine components have been recognized by antibodies in Plasmodium falciparum Malaria patients, and has elicited specific antibodies in subcutaneously immunized BALB/c mice.
Additionally, a peptide-based vaccine, Mvac, targeting the MSP1 and AMA1 antigens was evaluated in combination with different adjuvants in an oral and subcutaneous immunization scheme applied to BALB/c mice. Adjuvants tested were plant DNA, pectin, β-subunit of cholera toxin and the GK1 peptide from T. solium. Neither plant DNA nor pectin enhanced the humoral response induced against the Mvac components. While, GK1 peptide had exerted adjuvant effects in terms of the systemic IgG responses induced against the AMA1 peptide, although pectin enhanced the IgA intestinal secretion against both MSP1 and AMA1 antigens.
Overall our findings suggest that a multi-component plant-based vaccine against malaria expressing AMA1 and MSP1 antigens, and the GK1 peptide has the potential to serve as a viable and promising low-cost vaccine. As well as oral administration of a vaccine with GK1 peptide has a promising immunogenic effects, proposing that a plant-based vaccine against Malaria administered orally can be effective.
Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Juvik%2C%20John%20A%22%29&pagesize-30">Juvik, John A (advisor),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Pan%2C%20Yuan-Xiang%22%29&pagesize-30">Pan, Yuan-Xiang (Committee Chair),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Korban%2C%20Schuyler%20S%22%29&pagesize-30">Korban, Schuyler S (committee member),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Rosales%20Mendoza%2C%20Sergio%22%29&pagesize-30">Rosales Mendoza, Sergio (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Malaria; Plant-based vaccine; Plasmodium faciparum; Apical Membrane Antigen 1 (AMA1); Merozoite Surface Protein 1 (MSP1); Plastid transformation; Adjuvant; GK1.
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Milan Noris, E. M. (2015). Development of a plant-based vaccine against malaria. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/89223
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Milan Noris, Evelia Maria. “Development of a plant-based vaccine against malaria.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2142/89223.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Milan Noris, Evelia Maria. “Development of a plant-based vaccine against malaria.” 2015. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Milan Noris EM. Development of a plant-based vaccine against malaria. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/89223.
Council of Science Editors:
Milan Noris EM. Development of a plant-based vaccine against malaria. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/89223

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
13.
Wang, Huan.
Autophagy: activation, function and regulation by a protein restricted diet during pregnancy and lactation.
Degree: PhD, Food Science & Human Nutrition, 2015, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/89270
► Developmental protein restriction is associated with numerous diseases including obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease, both in the mother and offspring. Recent intensive research efforts have…
(more)
▼ Developmental protein restriction is associated with numerous diseases including obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease, both in the mother and offspring. Recent intensive research efforts have focused on the mechanisms behind the effects of a maternal low protein diet on diseases in offspring. However, thus far, the mechanisms behind the physiological and molecular adaptations in the mother in response to protein restriction during pregnancy and lactation are not well understood. Because skeletal muscle and liver have a critical role in energy metabolism, including pregnancy and lactation-associated metabolic adaptations, the present study will investigate the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms behind the physiological changes that occur in response to a protein restricted diet during pregnancy and lactation in the skeletal muscle and liver of rat dams. The amino acid response (AAR) pathway is important in responding to stress, such as amino acid limitation, and our previous data show that a protein restriction diet during pregnancy induces the AAR pathway in placenta and causes stunted growth in the offspring. The central regulator of the AAR pathway is the activating transcription factor 4, ATF4. It has been shown that ATF4 can regulate macroautophagy in response to amino acid limitation. The process of autophagy is essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, and our results show that a gestational low protein (LP) diet induces the mRNA expression of autophagy-related genes in the skeletal muscle of rat dams and male offspring, providing strong evidence of maternal programming. Additionally, our study shows that a gestational and lactational LP diet stimulates autophagy and hepatic lipid accumulation, and decreases expression of histone deacetylase-3 (Hdac3) in the liver of rat dams. Histone acetylation is associated with increased gene transcription. Specifically, it has been reported that HDAC3 inhibition induces LC3B expression, a primary autophagy marker and lipid accumulation. More importantly, we show that amino acid limitation induces autophagy through HDAC3-dependent expression of LC3B and its increased association with lipid droplets in a hepatic cell line, HepG2. Investigating the role that HDAC3 may play in the activation of LC3B and lipid accumulation will bring valuable insight into the epigenetic control of hepatic lipid accumulation by a LP diet during pregnancy and lactation in rat dams. In summary, our results demonstrate that protein restriction during gestation and lactation induces autophagy in skeletal muscle and liver, respectively; investigating the epigenetic regulation of autophagy will shed light on potential therapies that could diagnose and treat imbalanced maternal nutrition-related metabolic disorders in mother and offspring.
Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Pan%2C%20Yuan-
Xiang%22%29&pagesize-30">
Pan,
Yuan-
Xiang (advisor),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Helferich%2C%20William%20G%22%29&pagesize-30">Helferich, William G (Committee Chair),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Engeseth%2C%20Nicki%20J%22%29&pagesize-30">Engeseth, Nicki J (committee member),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Chen%2C%20Hong%22%29&pagesize-30">Chen, Hong (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Low protein; Autophagy
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Wang, H. (2015). Autophagy: activation, function and regulation by a protein restricted diet during pregnancy and lactation. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/89270
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wang, Huan. “Autophagy: activation, function and regulation by a protein restricted diet during pregnancy and lactation.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2142/89270.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wang, Huan. “Autophagy: activation, function and regulation by a protein restricted diet during pregnancy and lactation.” 2015. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Wang H. Autophagy: activation, function and regulation by a protein restricted diet during pregnancy and lactation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/89270.
Council of Science Editors:
Wang H. Autophagy: activation, function and regulation by a protein restricted diet during pregnancy and lactation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/89270

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
14.
Cam, Anthony.
Effects of consuming thermally abused frying oil on breast cancer metastasis.
Degree: PhD, Food Science & Human Nutrition, 2016, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/90922
► Deep-fried foods are a significant source of dietary calories and their consumption is associated with breast cancer (BC) risk. Deep-frying food deteriorates oil through numerous…
(more)
▼ Deep-fried foods are a significant source of dietary calories and their consumption is associated with breast cancer (BC) risk. Deep-frying food deteriorates oil through numerous physical, chemical and oxidative reactions, leading to the development of thermally abused frying oil (TAFO). These TAFOs contain diverse profiles of food processing-induced toxicants, such as aldehydes, acrolein, heterocyclic amines, aromatic hydrocarbons, and acrylamide, which may all have an impact on BC progression. However, the effects of consuming TAFO on BC metastasis remain unclear. Deaths from BC are not attributed to primary tumors; metastasis to visceral tissues is typically the primary cause of death. Thus, the impact of diets containing significant quantities of deep-fried foods, and therefore TAFO, on BC metastasis needs to be examined. Furthermore, since Americans consume over one-third of total calories from fat, the potential impact of a high-fat diet (HFD) combined with TAFO warrants investigation.
In this study, TAFO was produced and the effects of its consumption, as well as the addition of a HFD, on BC progression were evaluated using an in vivo bioluminescent murine model of BC metastasis. We report for the first time that the consumption of TAFO not only increased BC metastasis to the lungs by two-fold, but also induced morphological changes in the tumors, where they exhibited more aggressive and invasive morphological phenotypes. Moreover, TAFO treatment groups had metastatic tumors that were shown to be highly proliferative and apoptotic by immunohistochemistry. Further histopathological analysis of the pulmonary metastases localized within the lung tissue showed enhanced outgrowth of metastasis, particularly within blood vessels among the TAFO treatment groups. These data may contribute to the reduction of diet-related environmental risk factors associated with breast cancer progression.
Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Helferich%2C%20William%20G%22%29&pagesize-30">Helferich, William G (advisor),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Pan%2C%20Yuan-Xiang%22%29&pagesize-30">Pan, Yuan-Xiang (Committee Chair),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Engeseth%2C%20Nicki%20J%22%29&pagesize-30">Engeseth, Nicki J (committee member),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Chen%2C%20Hong%22%29&pagesize-30">Chen, Hong (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: breast cancer; metastasis; fried food; deep-fried food; deep-fat frying; frying; thermally abused oil; oxidized oil; frying oil; thermally abused frying oil; toxicant; food processing-induced toxicant; undesirable compound
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Cam, A. (2016). Effects of consuming thermally abused frying oil on breast cancer metastasis. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/90922
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Cam, Anthony. “Effects of consuming thermally abused frying oil on breast cancer metastasis.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2142/90922.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Cam, Anthony. “Effects of consuming thermally abused frying oil on breast cancer metastasis.” 2016. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Cam A. Effects of consuming thermally abused frying oil on breast cancer metastasis. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/90922.
Council of Science Editors:
Cam A. Effects of consuming thermally abused frying oil on breast cancer metastasis. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/90922

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
15.
Robinson, Katie Nicole.
Fetuin-A: a novel marker for obesity and associated comorbidities.
Degree: PhD, Nutritional Sciences, 2017, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/97616
► Background: Obesity is a disease characterized by excess adiposity which complicates metabolism, mobility, and multiple systems in the body. Over a third of Americans have…
(more)
▼ Background: Obesity is a disease characterized by excess adiposity which complicates metabolism, mobility, and multiple systems in the body. Over a third of Americans have a body mass index (BMI) greater than 30 kg/m2 and therefore, are considered obese. Excess adiposity may be prevented or reduced through behavioral, pharmacological and surgical methods. Bariatric surgery results in significant and sustained loss of body weight and body fat. Many bariatric surgeries have also been termed metabolic surgeries as they result in significant improvements of metabolic abnormalities associated with obesity including dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. It is estimated that 80% of individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) will experience resolution after bariatric surgeries such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy (SG).
Although individuals with morbid obesity have a greater risk of T2DM, 25% remain insulin-sensitive. To date, it is unclear why some develop insulin-sensitive obesity (Obsen) and others insulin-resistant obesity (Obres). A validated biomarker to distinguish these groups may aid in more targeted interventions and monitoring of at-risk populations. Fetuin-A (FetA) has shown promise as a potential marker of insulin resistance yet much about this hepatokine remains unknown. The overarching goal of this research is to understand whether FetA may be a novel marker of obesity and obesity-associated insulin resistance. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to 1) determine the role genetics play in circulating FetA and metabolic health, 2) investigate how circulating FetA responds to SG, a bariatric procedure known to markedly improve insulin sensitivity, and 3) compare FetA, adipocyte hypertrophy and weight loss trajectories between SG patients with Obsen and Obres.
Methods: To determine the genetic influence of FetA, 717 college applicants to the Autonomous
University of San Luis Potosi, Mexico (18-25 years old) were genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs4917 and rs2518136) in the gene that codes for FetA, alpha2-Heremans-Schmid Glycoprotein (AHSG). Circulating lipids, glucose, insulin and FetA were measured in plasma. To investigate the role of FetA in obesity and interventions aiming to improve insulin sensitivity, forty SG patients were recruited and evaluated longitudinally. Participants met with research staff at baseline (T0) (prior to hypocaloric, low-fat preoperative diet), on the morning of surgery (T1) and six weeks following surgery (T2). At each visit, fasting blood and three-day food logs were collected. Body composition was measured via direct segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. Circulating FetA, insulin, blood lipids and glucose were measured at each visit. Omental adipose tissue was collected at the time of surgery. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and adipocyte diameter was calculated. To compare individuals with Obres and Obsen, the cohort was divided into age- and…
Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Teran-Garcia%2C%20Margarita%22%29&pagesize-30">Teran-Garcia, Margarita (advisor),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Donovan%2C%20Sharon%20M%22%29&pagesize-30">Donovan, Sharon M (Committee Chair),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Johnson%2C%20Rodney%22%29&pagesize-30">Johnson, Rodney (committee member),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Pan%2C%20Yuan-Xiang%22%29&pagesize-30">Pan, Yuan-Xiang (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Fetuin-A; Bariatric surgery; Obesity
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Robinson, K. N. (2017). Fetuin-A: a novel marker for obesity and associated comorbidities. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/97616
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Robinson, Katie Nicole. “Fetuin-A: a novel marker for obesity and associated comorbidities.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2142/97616.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Robinson, Katie Nicole. “Fetuin-A: a novel marker for obesity and associated comorbidities.” 2017. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Robinson KN. Fetuin-A: a novel marker for obesity and associated comorbidities. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/97616.
Council of Science Editors:
Robinson KN. Fetuin-A: a novel marker for obesity and associated comorbidities. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/97616

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
16.
Du, Kristy.
Effect of dietary protein source on satiety, postprandial blood biomarkers, and metabolism.
Degree: PhD, Nutritional Sciences, 2017, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/98219
► High protein diets have become an increasingly popular dieting strategy, but the extent to which different protein sources are similarly anorexigenic and the mechanisms involved…
(more)
▼ High protein diets have become an increasingly popular dieting strategy, but the extent to which different protein sources are similarly anorexigenic and the mechanisms involved are less certain. It was previously observed that male Sprague-Dawley rats given a 35% egg white protein meal at the first meal of the day were more satiated in the initial hours following the meal than when provided a 35% wheat gluten protein meal. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of the source and level of protein on subsequent feeding behavior, metabolism, and changes in plasma amino acids and insulin levels in order to identify possible mechanisms involved in differences of satiety. Rats were entrained to a meal-feeding schedule, which included an overnight fast before being provided a 30-minute treatment meal. The treatment meals consisted of one of four isocaloric diets equivalent to 10-20% of average daily intake and were administered one hour into the dark phase: 20% egg white protein (20EW), 20% wheat gluten protein (20WG), 35% egg white protein (35EW), or 35% wheat gluten protein (35WG). Ad libitum access to a control diet was made available later in the dark phase. Blood plasma was collected from rats surgically implanted with jugular catheters at baseline and at 30-minute intervals for two hours following test meal ingestion, and analyzed for amino acid and insulin concentrations. Separate cohorts of rats were assessed for feeding behavior and metabolism following acute and chronic treatment paradigms. Egg white meals increased total amino acids, as well as specific amino acids including lysine, isoleucine, valine, and tryptophan more than wheat gluten meals (P<0.005). Insulin levels reflected level of protein rather than source. Rats fed egg white displayed decreased food intake at the subsequent meal compared to wheat gluten, regardless of protein level or sex (both P<0.005). The respiratory exchange ratio following ingestion of 35EW was lower than the other treatment meals for several hours following ingestion (P<0.001), however, energy expenditure did not differ among treatments groups. When administered over the course of 30 days, the treatments had no effect on changes in body weight, body composition, energy intake, or energy expenditure. Results confirmed that meals containing egg white protein induced greater satiety than wheat gluten protein, which corresponded to increased postprandial plasma amino acids and lowered respiratory exchange ratio following egg white protein meals. Although dietary source of protein has significant short term implications for satiety and metabolism, manipulation of the protein component of a single meal of the day has minimal long term effects on body weight and composition. Altogether, these results emphasize the importance of considering protein source when designing diets to control appetite.
Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Rhodes%2C%20Justin%20S%22%29&pagesize-30">Rhodes, Justin S (advisor),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Dailey%2C%20Megan%20J%22%29&pagesize-30">Dailey, Megan J (advisor),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Pan%2C%20Yuan-Xiang%22%29&pagesize-30">Pan, Yuan-Xiang (Committee Chair),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Liang%2C%20Nu-Chu%22%29&pagesize-30">Liang, Nu-Chu (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Dietary protein; Egg white protein; Wheat gluten protein; Protein source; Satiety; Food intake; Energy expenditure; Plasma amino acids; Insulin; Postprandial
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Du, K. (2017). Effect of dietary protein source on satiety, postprandial blood biomarkers, and metabolism. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/98219
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Du, Kristy. “Effect of dietary protein source on satiety, postprandial blood biomarkers, and metabolism.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2142/98219.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Du, Kristy. “Effect of dietary protein source on satiety, postprandial blood biomarkers, and metabolism.” 2017. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Du K. Effect of dietary protein source on satiety, postprandial blood biomarkers, and metabolism. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/98219.
Council of Science Editors:
Du K. Effect of dietary protein source on satiety, postprandial blood biomarkers, and metabolism. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/98219

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
17.
Vailati Riboni, Mario Pietro Emilio.
Management during the dry period and its effect on hepatic and adipose tissue molecular biomarkers of metabolism and health in grazing dairy cows.
Degree: PhD, Animal Sciences, 2019, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/104874
► A successful transition into lactation determines optimum production, reproduction, and health. The peripartum period is characterized by an inflammatory state that, if not controlled, could…
(more)
▼ A successful transition into lactation determines optimum production, reproduction, and health. The peripartum period is characterized by an inflammatory state that, if not controlled, could be detrimental to the cow. The first experiment examined hepatic and adipose gene expression in response to injections of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compound (Carprofen) on 1, 3, and 5 d postpartum. Results indicated that after calving both tissues respond to inflammation signals, underscoring its role in the normal homeorhetic adaptations to lactation. The second experiment investigated the effect of prepartal nutrition and its interaction with BCS on hepatic and adipose tissue transcriptome, and the liver one-carbon metabolism and transulfuration pathway. Cows were randomly allocated to one of four groups in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement: 4.0 or 5.0 BCS prepartum (10-point scale) and dietary energy at 75 or 125% of estimated requirements during the close-up. Tissue biopsies were harvested at -1, 1 and 4 wk relative to parturition. The greater number of hepatic differentially expressed genes in BCS4 cows in response to increased prepartum feed allowance (1071 vs 310, over the entire transition period) indicated a greater responsiveness to prepartum nutrition than optimally-conditioned cows. Thus, overfeeding in late-pregnancy should be limited to underconditioned cows, while cows with optimal BCS should be maintained on an energy-restricted diet. Adipose tissue mRNA and microRNA expression further confirmed this hypothesis, and indicated a relationship between the immune and metabolic response of the adipose tissue underscoring the existence of a “self-regulatory” mechanism. The extensive analysis of the hepatic one-carbon metabolism and related pathways highlighted fundamental differences in the metabolic progression of grazing cows compared to their higher-yield counterpart in TMR-based systems. Results also indicated a greater flux through these pathways in optimally conditioned cows feed restricted prepartum. The third experiment examined the effect of over-feeding in both close-up and far-off periods on the adipose tissue transcriptome. Far-off over-feeding is usually a standard practice in seasonal grazing systems as, compared with TMR-fed cows, cows are thinner at the end of lactation. Adipose expression data revealed how overfed cows in the far-off period had greater adipogenesis, consistent with their rapid gain in BCS following dry-off, but a lower body fat mobilization in early lactation. The results indicated that neither strategy negatively affected the adaptations to lactation. However, to ensure a favorable transition, cows should be subjected to a small feed restriction in the close-up period, irrespective of far-off nutrition. Overall, results indicated a beneficial involvement of the immune system in the adaptation to lactation, and the possibility to regulate this process through prepartal BCS and nutrition management.
As a result of the three studies, New Zealand farmers, through DairyNZ (the industry…
Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Loor%2C%20Juan%20J%22%29&pagesize-30">Loor, Juan J (advisor),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Loor%2C%20Juan%20J%22%29&pagesize-30">Loor, Juan J (Committee Chair),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Hurley%2C%20Walter%20L%22%29&pagesize-30">Hurley, Walter L (committee member),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Pan%2C%20Yuan-Xiang%22%29&pagesize-30">Pan, Yuan-Xiang (committee member),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Lima%2C%20Fabio%22%29&pagesize-30">Lima, Fabio (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Transition cow; liver and adipose transcriptome; inflammation; prepartum nutrition
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Vailati Riboni, M. P. E. (2019). Management during the dry period and its effect on hepatic and adipose tissue molecular biomarkers of metabolism and health in grazing dairy cows. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/104874
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Vailati Riboni, Mario Pietro Emilio. “Management during the dry period and its effect on hepatic and adipose tissue molecular biomarkers of metabolism and health in grazing dairy cows.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2142/104874.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Vailati Riboni, Mario Pietro Emilio. “Management during the dry period and its effect on hepatic and adipose tissue molecular biomarkers of metabolism and health in grazing dairy cows.” 2019. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Vailati Riboni MPE. Management during the dry period and its effect on hepatic and adipose tissue molecular biomarkers of metabolism and health in grazing dairy cows. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/104874.
Council of Science Editors:
Vailati Riboni MPE. Management during the dry period and its effect on hepatic and adipose tissue molecular biomarkers of metabolism and health in grazing dairy cows. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/104874

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
18.
Glosson, Kristen Michelle.
Investigating the effect of yeast and mineral dietary supplements during the periparturient period on the production, physical health, and innate immune system of dairy cows.
Degree: PhD, Animal Sciences, 2018, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101682
► The periparturient period of a dairy cow is defined as the time when the cow goes from a state of near maintenance in late gestation…
(more)
▼ The periparturient period of a dairy cow is defined as the time when the cow goes from a state of near maintenance in late gestation to a rapid on-set of metabolic adaptation to meet the needs of lactation production. This homeorhetic phase requires the coordination of numerous hormones and tissues to mobilize fat for energy, stabilize mineral fluctuations such as calcium, and adjust the rumen environment to the change in diet. This transition is also the cause of common early postpartum cow disorders that result from compromised immune function and a lack of metabolite availability. Different dietary strategies through ration formulation or supplementing feed additives have been employed to mitigate these negative effects. The objectives of this dissertation were to: 1) investigate the effects of supplementing products derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture to the diet on transition cow production and health; 2) evaluate the effects of low-calcium vs. acidogenic strategies within controlled-energy dry cow diets on transition cow production and health; 3) compare the effects of these two nutritional techniques on periparturient innate immune functions; and 4) review applied feeding considerations of personnel and environmental factors that may impact ration variations.
Supplementing Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the dry period did not impact milk production, but increased total protein and, specifically, globulin concentration in blood. It has been reported that short-term increases in acute phase proteins after calving, related to inflammation, may improve adaption to the higher energy lactation diet. Dry cow rations with a negative dietary cation-anion difference that resulted in an average urine pH of 5.5 to 6.0 resulted in greater ionized calcium during the first 24 h after calving along with greater intake and milk production postpartum. Neither dietary strategy consistently impacted the innate immune factors tested. Overall calcium status after calving failed to predict the in vitro innate immune cell reactions to a bacterial challenge in whole blood collected from cows on either study. An analysis of the variation in total ration composition indicated that experience of the feeder may play a role in reducing the error of loading individual ingredients used to make the final total mixed ration. Taken together, these data help to inform decisions on dietary strategies and the effects of feed mixing variation in transition cow programs.
Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Cardoso%2C%20Felipe%20C.%22%29&pagesize-30">Cardoso, Felipe C. (advisor),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Drackley%2C%20James%20K.%22%29&pagesize-30">Drackley, James K. (Committee Chair),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Murphy%2C%20Michael%20R.%22%29&pagesize-30">Murphy, Michael R. (committee member),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Pan%2C%20Yuan-Xiang%22%29&pagesize-30">Pan, Yuan-Xiang (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Transition Dairy Cow Nutrition
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Glosson, K. M. (2018). Investigating the effect of yeast and mineral dietary supplements during the periparturient period on the production, physical health, and innate immune system of dairy cows. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101682
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Glosson, Kristen Michelle. “Investigating the effect of yeast and mineral dietary supplements during the periparturient period on the production, physical health, and innate immune system of dairy cows.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101682.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Glosson, Kristen Michelle. “Investigating the effect of yeast and mineral dietary supplements during the periparturient period on the production, physical health, and innate immune system of dairy cows.” 2018. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Glosson KM. Investigating the effect of yeast and mineral dietary supplements during the periparturient period on the production, physical health, and innate immune system of dairy cows. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101682.
Council of Science Editors:
Glosson KM. Investigating the effect of yeast and mineral dietary supplements during the periparturient period on the production, physical health, and innate immune system of dairy cows. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101682

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
19.
Hernandez Saavedra, Diego.
Molecular regulation of nutrient sensing and immunometabolism by calorie restriction.
Degree: PhD, Nutritional Sciences, 2018, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/102889
► “‘You'll live longer and you'll be healthier too,’ he answered. ‘Because as we were saying today, there's nothing in the world like eating moderately to…
(more)
▼ “‘You'll live longer and you'll be healthier too,’ he answered. ‘Because as we were saying today, there's nothing in the world like eating moderately to live a long life.’ ‘If that's the way things are,’ I thought to myself, ‘I never will die.’ Because I've always been forced to keep that rule, and with my luck I'll probably keep it all my life.”—Anonymous, The Life of Lazarillo de Tormes and of His Fortunes and Adversities 1554.
Adaptive mechanisms in response to calorie restriction are evolutionarily conserved and necessary to promote longevity and increase health span. Caloric restriction (CR) without malnutrition, constitutes an effective strategy for weight reduction and ameliorates the chronic inflammatory burden of many chronic metabolic diseases. CR is known to impact nutrient sensing and immuno-metabolic processes in immune cells, but not much is known about skeletal muscle, the largest tissue in the body. We first delve into the literature that describes the interaction of CR and epigenetic mechanisms: DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs. We explore the impact of CR on nutrient sensing and immuno-metabolic processes and provide a comprehensive view of the adaptive and epigenetic machinery coordinated by CR. In our first study, we aimed to uncover the long-term effect of CR following early-life high fat-diet exposure. We analyzed physiological, biochemical, and transcriptional changes in muscle following chronic CR. Our results indicate that CR activates nutrient sensing pathways, promotes protein recycling, and stimulates myogenesis, possibly due to inhibition of cachexia-inducing inflammatory pathways. Then, our second experiment was designed to titrate the effects of CR by using a novel approach with clinical translatability. We used alternate-day CR (ADCR) in 1-3 days a week and 25-75 % energy restriction to delineate the physiological, biochemical, and transcriptional changes in muscle following chronic ADCR. Effective strategies with high translatable potential, such as 50% CR more than 2 days a week or 75% CR more than 1 day a week, produced similar effects to the gold standard of 25% chronic CR. Finally, on our third experiment we dissected the series of adaptive, epigenetic mechanisms employed by CR to decrease muscle inflammation. Chronic CR activates a series of inhibitors of inflammatory factor NF-kB, while increasing promoter DNA methylation and decreasing transcription factor binding of cytokine Tnf, as well as fine-tuning miRNA expression to prevent inflammation. Here we describe that CR orchestrates a series of adaptive nutrient sensing and anti-inflammatory checkpoints to inhibit inflammation and promote skeletal muscle maintenance.
Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Pan%2C%20Yuan-
Xiang%22%29&pagesize-30">
Pan,
Yuan-
Xiang (advisor),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Loor%2C%20Juan%20J.%22%29&pagesize-30">Loor, Juan J. (Committee Chair),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Kemper%2C%20Jongsook%20Kim%22%29&pagesize-30">Kemper, Jongsook Kim (committee member),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Liang%2C%20Nu-Chu%22%29&pagesize-30">Liang, Nu-Chu (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Caloric restriction; inflammation; nutrient sensing; protein recycling; epigenetics
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Hernandez Saavedra, D. (2018). Molecular regulation of nutrient sensing and immunometabolism by calorie restriction. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/102889
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hernandez Saavedra, Diego. “Molecular regulation of nutrient sensing and immunometabolism by calorie restriction.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2142/102889.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hernandez Saavedra, Diego. “Molecular regulation of nutrient sensing and immunometabolism by calorie restriction.” 2018. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Hernandez Saavedra D. Molecular regulation of nutrient sensing and immunometabolism by calorie restriction. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/102889.
Council of Science Editors:
Hernandez Saavedra D. Molecular regulation of nutrient sensing and immunometabolism by calorie restriction. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/102889

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
20.
Kwon, Woongbi.
Excess leucine in diets for growing pigs negatively affects growth performance, nitrogen balance, and metabolism of branched-chain amino acids and tryptophan.
Degree: PhD, Animal Sciences, 2020, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/108516
► Five experiments were conducted to determine the effects of excess dietary Leu on metabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and to demonstrate the interactions among…
(more)
▼ Five experiments were conducted to determine the effects of excess dietary Leu on metabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and to demonstrate the interactions among BCAA and Trp in diets fed to growing pigs. In experiment 1, the objective was to determine the effects of excess dietary Leu on growth performance, N balance, protein retention, and serotonin synthesis of growing pigs. Results indicated that average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain to feed ratio decreased (linear, P < 0.05) as dietary Leu increased. Decreased (linear, P < 0.05) biological value of dietary protein was also observed, and plasma urea N (PUN) increased (linear, P < 0.05) as dietary Leu increased. A linear reduction (P < 0.05) in hypothalamic serotonin was observed with increasing dietary Leu. In experiment 2, the objective was to determine effects of dietary Ile and Val supplementation to diets with adequate or excess Leu on N balance and BCAA metabolism of growing pigs. Results indicated that excess Leu in diets reduced (P < 0.05) N retention and biological value of diets and increased (P < 0.05) PUN, but PUN was reduced (P < 0.05) as dietary Val increased. Concentrations of BCAA in liver were greater (P < 0.05) in pigs fed excess-Leu diets than in pigs fed adequate-Leu diets, but concentrations of BCAA in muscle were greater (P < 0.05) in pigs fed adequate-Leu diets. Increasing dietary Ile increased (P < 0.05) plasma free Ile and plasma concentration of the Ile metabolite, α-keto-β-methylvalerate, but the increase was greater in diets with adequate Leu than in diets with excess Leu (interaction, P < 0.001). Likewise, plasma concentrations of Val and the Val metabolite, α-keto isovalerate, increased more with increasing dietary Val in diets with Leu at the requirement than in diets with excess Leu (interaction, P < 0.001). Increasing dietary Leu increased (P < 0.05) plasma free Leu and plasma concentration of the Leu metabolite, α-keto isocaproate. In contrast, increased dietary Val reduced (P < 0.05) plasma concentration of α-keto isocaproate. Experiment 3 was conducted to determine interactions between dietary Trp and dietary Leu on plasma serotonin and hypothalamic serotonin concentrations and growth performance of growing pigs. Results indicated that increasing dietary Trp increased (P < 0.05) ADG, ADFI, and hypothalamic serotonin whereas increasing dietary Leu reduced (P < 0.05) ADG, ADFI, and hypothalamic serotonin, but the increase caused by dietary Trp was greater if Leu was provided at 300% of the requirement than if it was provided at the requirement (interaction, P < 0.05). Experiments 4 and 5 were conducted to test the hypothesis that increasing concentrations of dietary Val, Ile, or Trp in diets containing excess Leu from corn protein mitigate negative effects of excess dietary Leu on N balance, PUN, and growth performance of growing pigs. Results from experiment 4 indicated that fecal N output increased if Ile was added to diets without added Val, but that was not the case if Val was added…
Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Stein%2C%20Hans%20H%22%29&pagesize-30">Stein, Hans H (advisor),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Stein%2C%20Hans%20H%22%29&pagesize-30">Stein, Hans H (Committee Chair),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Parsons%2C%20Carl%20M%22%29&pagesize-30">Parsons, Carl M (committee member),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Pan%2C%20Yuan-Xiang%22%29&pagesize-30">Pan, Yuan-Xiang (committee member),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Emmert%2C%20Jason%20L%22%29&pagesize-30">Emmert, Jason L (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: branched-chain amino acids; growth performance; nitrogen balance; serotonin; tryptophan
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Kwon, W. (2020). Excess leucine in diets for growing pigs negatively affects growth performance, nitrogen balance, and metabolism of branched-chain amino acids and tryptophan. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/108516
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kwon, Woongbi. “Excess leucine in diets for growing pigs negatively affects growth performance, nitrogen balance, and metabolism of branched-chain amino acids and tryptophan.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2142/108516.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kwon, Woongbi. “Excess leucine in diets for growing pigs negatively affects growth performance, nitrogen balance, and metabolism of branched-chain amino acids and tryptophan.” 2020. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Kwon W. Excess leucine in diets for growing pigs negatively affects growth performance, nitrogen balance, and metabolism of branched-chain amino acids and tryptophan. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/108516.
Council of Science Editors:
Kwon W. Excess leucine in diets for growing pigs negatively affects growth performance, nitrogen balance, and metabolism of branched-chain amino acids and tryptophan. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/108516

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
21.
Khan, Muhammad.
Effects of prepartum dietary energy and lipid supplementation on hepatic transcriptome profiles in dairy cows during the transition period.
Degree: PhD, 0002, 2013, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/45552
► The transition period in dairy cows is the most crucial time for both cow health and dairy management. Three experiments were conducted on transition dairy…
(more)
▼ The transition period in dairy cows is the most crucial time for both cow health and dairy management. Three experiments were conducted on transition dairy cows to evaluate the effects of prepartum overfeeding and lipid supplementation around parturition on hepatic mRNA expression using qPCR and microarray techniques.
In the first experiment, we examined the expression of 44 genes associated with PPARα target genes including fatty acid oxidation, TAG metabolism and storage, potential related nuclear receptors (NRs) and FGF21 modulating GH/IGF signaling in cows (n = 6/diet) assigned to a control (CON; NEL = 1.34 Mcal/kg DM) or moderate-energy (OVE; NEL = 1.62 Mcal/kg DM) diet during the entire dry period. All cows were fed a common lactation diet (NEL = 1.69 Mcal/kg DM) postcalving. Percutaneous liver biopsies were collected at -14, 7, 14, and 30 days relative to parturition (DIM) for transcript profiling via quantitative PCR. Estimated prepartal energy balance (EBAL) was greater (~159% vs. 102%, P<0.05) in OVE vs. CON, but during the first wk postpartum cows fed OVE prepartum were in more negative EBAL. Prior to calving, CON cows had greater (P < 0.05) serum FGF21, which corresponded with greater (P < 0.05) liver FGF21 expression. Concentration of FGF21 decreased (P < 0.05) gradually postpartum regardless of diet. Along with more severe negative EBAL, cows fed OVE vs. CON prepartum had greater (P < 0.05) postpartal concentrations of NEFA, BHBA, and GH in serum and liver triglyceride. Those data agreed with greater expression of ACOX1, CPT1A, ACADVL, HMGCS2, FGF21, and ANGPTL4 in OVE vs. CON at 7-14 DIM. Despite the gradual increase in serum GH after calving, at 7-14 DIM liver from cows fed OVE prepartum had greater (P < 0.05) IGFALS potentially to counteract the temporal decrease in hepatic GHR, STAT5ab, and IGF-1. Our results revealed transcriptional adaptations in liver resulting from the link between prepartal energy overfeeding and postpartal negative EBAL leading to greater serum NEFA. . Transcriptional changes encompassed not only LCFA oxidation and GH signaling but also hepatokine production.
In the second experiment, we examined blood metabolites and expression of 58 genes related to inflammation and ER stress in the same cows assigned (n = 6/diet) to CON or OVE diets during the entire dry period. All cows were fed a common lactation diet (NEL = 1.69 Mcal/kg) postpartum. Blood was collected on d (± 3) -14, -5, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 5, 7, 10, 14 and 21 relative to parturition. Percutaneous liver tissue biopsies were harvested at -14, 7, 14, and 30 d relative to parturition for transcript profiling via quantitative PCR. Estimated prepartal energy balance (EBAL) was greater (P < 0.05) for OVE and averaged 159% of requirements compared with 102% in CON. However, EBAL during the first week postpartum was lower in OVE (83% vs. 89% of requirements). After parturition the concentrations of ceruloplasmin, creatinine, bilirubin and reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) were greater (Diet × Time; P < 0.05) in OVE. Around…
Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Loor%2C%20Juan%20J.%22%29&pagesize-30">Loor, Juan J. (advisor),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Loor%2C%20Juan%20J.%22%29&pagesize-30">Loor, Juan J. (Committee Chair),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Drackley%2C%20James%20K.%22%29&pagesize-30">Drackley, James K. (committee member),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Hurley%2C%20Walter%20L.%22%29&pagesize-30">Hurley, Walter L. (committee member),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Pan%2C%20Yuan-Xiang%22%29&pagesize-30">Pan, Yuan-Xiang (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: transition period; transcriptome; Dairy cows
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Khan, M. (2013). Effects of prepartum dietary energy and lipid supplementation on hepatic transcriptome profiles in dairy cows during the transition period. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/45552
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Khan, Muhammad. “Effects of prepartum dietary energy and lipid supplementation on hepatic transcriptome profiles in dairy cows during the transition period.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2142/45552.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Khan, Muhammad. “Effects of prepartum dietary energy and lipid supplementation on hepatic transcriptome profiles in dairy cows during the transition period.” 2013. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Khan M. Effects of prepartum dietary energy and lipid supplementation on hepatic transcriptome profiles in dairy cows during the transition period. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/45552.
Council of Science Editors:
Khan M. Effects of prepartum dietary energy and lipid supplementation on hepatic transcriptome profiles in dairy cows during the transition period. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/45552

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
22.
Akbar, Haji.
Effects of nutrition, disease, and body condition score during the transition period on dairy cattle liver gene expression.
Degree: PhD, 0002, 2015, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/72974
► Transcriptomics and the introduction of bioinformatics approaches over the last couple of decades have had a large impact on the current revolutions in dairy welfare…
(more)
▼ Transcriptomics and the introduction of bioinformatics approaches over the last couple of decades have had a large impact on the current revolutions in dairy welfare and the economics and structure of dairy industries. The etiology of disease e.g. endomeritits, metabolic dis-comforts and optimal calving BCS are major challenges for future advances in dairy cow management. The current research conducted five different studies to investigate the effects of nutrition, infection, disease and different calving BCS on cows’ hepatic transcriptomes and metabolic profiles using mRNA gene expression profiles, biochemical parameters, and the latest bioinformatics tools.
The first study investigated the expression and regulatory mechanism of FGF21 under early postpartal ketosis, L-carnitine infusion, a prepartal high energy diet and inflammatory mediators. Ketosis increased the expression and serum level of FGF2; however, a high plasma concentration of carnitine decreased hepatic expression of FGF21. Prepartal high energy diet increased FGF21 expression and intra mammary LPS challenge further increased hepatic expression of FGF21. The decrease in hepatic KLB expression may suggest adipose as a target tissue for FGF21 in these cows. The findings from this study revealed that, like rodents and other mammals, bovine hepatic FGF21 is also regulated by changes in nutrition, metabolism, and inflammatory conditions through different mechanisms. This study will help to clarify the role of FGF21 as a nutrition adaptation factor in dairy cows (For details see chapter 2).
The liver has a precise role in lipid metabolism; any change in dietary lipid supplementation can affect hepatic cell function through modulating the expression of an array of genes from different networks. The second project uncovered the change in phospholipids (PL) and triacylglycerol (TAG) LCFA profiles and expression of genes associated PPARα signaling, metabolism, growth, energy and immune responses in transitional cows supplemented with saturated fatty acids or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Preliminary findings revealed that both diets affected the LCFA profile of hepatic LP and TAG. However, saturated fatty acids were more effective than PUFA in eliciting hepatic transcriptional changes; PUFA showed a greater decrease in fatty acid oxidation, gluconeogenesis, intraocular energy and inflammation (For details see chapter 3).
In the third set of experiments, bovine specific microarray and related bioinformatics tools were used to study the transcriptomic changes of peripheral tissues in response to sub clinical endometritis (SCE). Milk production, blood metabolites, and disease biomarkers did not differ greatly between healthy and SCE cows. However, transcriptomic analysis of hepatic and subcutaneous adipocytes from cows with SCE revealed a marked effect on the complement and coagulation cascade, steroid hormone biosynthesis, apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress. Other effects included the hepatic inhibition of vitamin B3 and B6 metabolism in cows…
Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Loor%2C%20Juan%20J.%22%29&pagesize-30">Loor, Juan J. (advisor),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Loor%2C%20Juan%20J.%22%29&pagesize-30">Loor, Juan J. (Committee Chair),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Drackley%2C%20James%20K.%22%29&pagesize-30">Drackley, James K. (committee member),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Hurley%2C%20Walter%20L.%22%29&pagesize-30">Hurley, Walter L. (committee member),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Pan%2C%20Yuan-Xiang%22%29&pagesize-30">Pan, Yuan-Xiang (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: dairy cows; diet; uterine infection; body condition score (BCS); liver transcriptomes
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Akbar, H. (2015). Effects of nutrition, disease, and body condition score during the transition period on dairy cattle liver gene expression. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/72974
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Akbar, Haji. “Effects of nutrition, disease, and body condition score during the transition period on dairy cattle liver gene expression.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2142/72974.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Akbar, Haji. “Effects of nutrition, disease, and body condition score during the transition period on dairy cattle liver gene expression.” 2015. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Akbar H. Effects of nutrition, disease, and body condition score during the transition period on dairy cattle liver gene expression. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/72974.
Council of Science Editors:
Akbar H. Effects of nutrition, disease, and body condition score during the transition period on dairy cattle liver gene expression. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/72974

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
23.
Moisa, Sonia.
Effects of weaning age and maternal nutrition on gene expression of longissimus muscle of beef steers.
Degree: PhD, Animal Sciences, 2015, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/78335
► Adipogenic/lipogenic transcriptional networks regulating intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition in response weaning age and dietary starch level were studied. The longissimus muscle (LM) of beef steers…
(more)
▼ Adipogenic/lipogenic transcriptional networks regulating intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition in response weaning age and dietary starch level were studied. The longissimus muscle (LM) of beef steers on an early weaning (141 days age) plus high-starch diet (EWS) or a normal weaning (NW, 222 days age) plus starch creep-feed diet (CFS) was biopsied at 0 (EW), 25, 50, 96 (NW), 167, and 222 (pre-slaughter) days. Expression patterns of 35 target genes were studied. From NW through slaughter all steers received the same high-starch diet. In EWS steers the expression of PPARG, other adipogenic (CEBPA, ZFP423) and lipogenic (THRSP, SREBF1, INSIG1) activators, and several enzymes (FASN, SCD, ELOVL6, PCK1, DGAT2) that participate in the process of IMF increased gradually to a peak between 96 and 167 days on treatment. Steers in NW did not achieve similar expression levels even by 222 days on treatment, suggesting a blunted response even when fed a high-starch diet after weaning. In conclusion, high-starch feeding at an early age (EWS) triggers precocious and sustained adipogenesis resulting in greater marbling. In a following study, we wanted to test if the exposure to an increased maternal nutrition during late gestation might result in an early increase in the expression of genes and/or other changes due to epigenetic regulation that leads to adipogenesis and lipogenesis in the offspring’s LM. A microarray analysis was performed in LM samples of early (EW) and normal weaned (NW) Angus × Simmental calves born from cows that were grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue/red clover pastures with no supplement (low plane of nutrition (LPN)), or supplemented with 2.3 kg and 9.1 kg of dried distiller’s grains with solubles and soyhulls (70% DDGS/30% soyhulls) (medium and high plane of nutrition (MPN, HPN) respectively) during last 90 days of gestation, at three time points (78, 187 and 354 days of age). Bioinformatics analysis highlighted that offspring transcriptome did not respond markedly to cow plane of nutrition, resulting in only 13 differentially expressed genes (DEG). However, weaning age and a high-starch diet (EW steers) strongly impacted the transcriptome (DEG = 167), especially causing the activation of the lipogenic program. In addition, between 78 and 187 days of age, EW steers had an activation of the innate immune system due presumably to macrophage infiltration in intramuscular fat. Between 187 and 354 days of age (i.e. the fattening phase), NW steers had an activation of the lipogenic transcriptome machinery, while EW steers had a clear inhibition of the gene transcription machinery. The latter appears to have occurred through the epigenetic control of histone acetylases, which were down-regulated. Higher cow plane of nutrition alone affected 35 DEG in the LM of steers that underscored the presence of a mechanism of macrophage infiltration likely originating from localized oxidative stress as a result of increased levels of hypoplasia and hypertrophy in LM. In conclusion, transcriptome analysis suggests that a…
Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Loor%2C%20Juan%20J.%22%29&pagesize-30">Loor, Juan J. (advisor),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Loor%2C%20Juan%20J.%22%29&pagesize-30">Loor, Juan J. (Committee Chair),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Drackley%2C%20James%20K.%22%29&pagesize-30">Drackley, James K. (committee member),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Shike%2C%20Daniel%20W.%22%29&pagesize-30">Shike, Daniel W. (committee member),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Pan%2C%20Yuan-Xiang%22%29&pagesize-30">Pan, Yuan-Xiang (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Marbling; Early weaning; Fetal programming; Transcriptomics; Adipogenesis; Beef
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Moisa, S. (2015). Effects of weaning age and maternal nutrition on gene expression of longissimus muscle of beef steers. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/78335
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Moisa, Sonia. “Effects of weaning age and maternal nutrition on gene expression of longissimus muscle of beef steers.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2142/78335.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Moisa, Sonia. “Effects of weaning age and maternal nutrition on gene expression of longissimus muscle of beef steers.” 2015. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Moisa S. Effects of weaning age and maternal nutrition on gene expression of longissimus muscle of beef steers. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/78335.
Council of Science Editors:
Moisa S. Effects of weaning age and maternal nutrition on gene expression of longissimus muscle of beef steers. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/78335

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
24.
Moon, Morgan.
Biobehavioral responses to immune skew and free fatty acids.
Degree: PhD, 0191, 2014, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/50343
► A well-described set of biobehaviors and cognitive dysfunction emerge after stimulation of the immune system with pathogen-associated or danger-associated molecular patterns, and the endogenous cytokines…
(more)
▼ A well-described set of biobehaviors and cognitive dysfunction emerge after stimulation of the immune system with pathogen-associated or danger-associated molecular patterns, and the endogenous cytokines elaborated in the immunologic response are key effectors (Dantzer et al., 2008). Just as an organism’s response to a pathogen is defined by the host immune system status, so too is the basal cytokine environment altered by the endogenous immune skew (Gordon and Martinez, 2010). Shifting of cytokine skew has the capability to affect not only the immune and behavioral responses to exogenous stimuli, but to potentially alter biobehaviors observed in the naïve state (Moon et al., 2011).
To test our hypothesis that skewing the immune system can alter biobehaviors exhibited in mice, we utilized two distinct models. In Chapter 2, the project of endogenous immune skew, interleukin-4 (IL-4) knock-out (KO) mice were behaviorally phenotyped. We have found that IL-4 KO animals display differences in burrowing, social exploration, elevated zero maze and the open field test, without any depressive-like behavior (forced swim test (FST), saccharin preference) or cognitive dysfunction (novel object recognition, novel object location, Morris water maze). In Chapter 3, the second project utilized a novel exogenous stimulus, palmitic acid (PA). We observed a dose-dependent decrease in home cage locomotion was noted two hours after PA treatment. This locomotor deficit was not dependent on canonical proinflammatory signaling pathways (Toll-like receptor 4, Myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88, interleukin-1 receptor 1, interleukin-6, Tumor necrosis factor α) and was not PA specific. After resolution of acute effects, PA treated animals displayed anxiety-like behavior (elevated zero maze, novel object investigation) but not depressive-like behavior (FST) or cognitive deficit (Y maze). Alterations to neurotransmitter balance in PA-treated mice were demonstrated in the amygdala and hippocampus.
In conclusion, we demonstrated unique behavioral phenotypes in our endogenous immune skew and exogenous stimulus models. While these two approaches differed in some parameter responses, both models resulted in anxiety-like biobehaviors in mice. Taken together, these results suggest that a spectrum of effectors can lead to a common behavior. Further investigation is warranted to determine if and when common pathways for the observed behavior emerge, which could potentially lead to novel pharmaceutical treatment targets for anxiety and related psychopathologies.
Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Freund%2C%20Gregory%20G.%22%29&pagesize-30">Freund, Gregory G. (advisor),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Tapping%2C%20Richard%20I.%22%29&pagesize-30">Tapping, Richard I. (Committee Chair),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Freund%2C%20Gregory%20G.%22%29&pagesize-30">Freund, Gregory G. (committee member),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Pan%2C%20Yuan-Xiang%22%29&pagesize-30">Pan, Yuan-Xiang (committee member),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Teran-Garcia%2C%20Margarita%20D.%22%29&pagesize-30">Teran-Garcia, Margarita D. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Free fatty acid; Palmitic acid; Biobehavior; Macrophage; Immune skew; Anxiety
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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Export
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APA (6th Edition):
Moon, M. (2014). Biobehavioral responses to immune skew and free fatty acids. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/50343
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Moon, Morgan. “Biobehavioral responses to immune skew and free fatty acids.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2142/50343.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Moon, Morgan. “Biobehavioral responses to immune skew and free fatty acids.” 2014. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Moon M. Biobehavioral responses to immune skew and free fatty acids. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/50343.
Council of Science Editors:
Moon M. Biobehavioral responses to immune skew and free fatty acids. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/50343

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
25.
Abbott, Timothy.
Depletion of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid causes male infertility by disrupting both secretory granule biogenesis and adherens junction assembly in testis.
Degree: PhD, 0191, 2014, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/50372
► An insufficiency in omega-3 fatty acids has been linked to a wide variety of health concerns including Alzheimer’s disease, CHD, sub-optimal fetal development and male…
(more)
▼ An insufficiency in omega-3 fatty acids has been linked to a wide variety of health concerns including Alzheimer’s disease, CHD, sub-optimal fetal development and male infertility. The long chain omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and omega-6 arachidonic acid (ARA) are highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) preferentially enriched in the sn2 position of membrane phospholipids and ARA is abundant in tissues throughout the body. DHA, however, is preferentially enriched in the brain, retina and testis, and although recent epidemiological and clinical evidence has established a relationship between DHA consumption and sperm health, the essential roles for DHA in the testis remain largely unexplored.
By disabling the rate-limiting step in the endogenous conversion of dietary essential 18-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids to ARA and DHA, the fatty acid desaturase2 (Fads2) knockout mouse model allows for the creation of a HUFA-selective deficiency. Use of this Fads2 -/- model led to the discovery of HUFA essentiality in male fertility and supporting the proper maturation of germ cells within the testis. Here, we sought to define the molecular nature of this HUFA-deficient male infertility, with an emphasis on spermatid adhesion and acrosome formation.
Dietary ARA or DHA was found to be sufficient in restoring the distribution of vesicular trafficking proteins that promote the biogenesis of an organelle unique to sperm, the acrosome. In contrast, ARA was much less effective than DHA in restoring germ cell adhesion integrity. Assessments of cell-cell contacts which form transiently to adhere maturing germ cells to neighboring nurse cells (Sertoli cells), revealed a mislocalization of essential adhesion molecules nectin-2 and nectin-3 in animals deficient in both HUFAs. Further, the loss of nectin-2 localization in Sertoli cells was selective, with only Sertoli-spermatid contacts showing disruption, while Sertoli-Sertoli contacts of the Blood-testis barrier (BTB) displayed normal protein organization. Indeed, the BTB was intact by all accounts: by functional evaluations using biotin tracer injections, ultrastructural assessments using electron microscopy, and adhesion molecule localization using IF.
In conclusion, this study revealed essential roles for testis HUFAs as regulators of germ cell adhesion integrity, cell adhesion molecule localization and vesicular trafficking protein distribution. The selective impairment of Sertoli-spermatid adhesion, but not Sertoli-Sertoli adhesion (blood-testis barrier) by HUFA deficiency, taken together with the ineffective adhesion restoration seen with ARA feeding, suggests that dietary DHA intake, sufficient to maintain testis enrichment, is critical for the healthy production of spermatozoa.
Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Nakamura%2C%20Manabu%20T.%22%29&pagesize-30">Nakamura, Manabu T. (advisor),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Pan%2C%20Yuan-Xiang%22%29&pagesize-30">Pan, Yuan-Xiang (Committee Chair),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Nakamura%2C%20Manabu%20T.%22%29&pagesize-30">Nakamura, Manabu T. (committee member),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Hess%2C%20Rex%20A.%22%29&pagesize-30">Hess, Rex A. (committee member),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Teran-Garcia%2C%20Margarita%20D.%22%29&pagesize-30">Teran-Garcia, Margarita D. (committee member),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Miller%2C%20David%20J.%22%29&pagesize-30">Miller, David J. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: omega-3 fatty acids; cell adhesion; male fertility; spermatogenesis; nectin
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Abbott, T. (2014). Depletion of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid causes male infertility by disrupting both secretory granule biogenesis and adherens junction assembly in testis. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/50372
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Abbott, Timothy. “Depletion of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid causes male infertility by disrupting both secretory granule biogenesis and adherens junction assembly in testis.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2142/50372.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Abbott, Timothy. “Depletion of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid causes male infertility by disrupting both secretory granule biogenesis and adherens junction assembly in testis.” 2014. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Abbott T. Depletion of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid causes male infertility by disrupting both secretory granule biogenesis and adherens junction assembly in testis. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/50372.
Council of Science Editors:
Abbott T. Depletion of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid causes male infertility by disrupting both secretory granule biogenesis and adherens junction assembly in testis. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/50372

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
26.
Kerr, Katherine R.
Nutritional evaluation of raw meat and whole prey diets for domestic and exotic cats.
Degree: PhD, 0191, 2012, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/32061
► For captive exotic felids, the predominant diet types fed are raw meat-based and whole prey diets. These diet types are not the most common fed…
(more)
▼ For captive exotic felids, the predominant diet types fed are raw meat-based and whole prey diets. These diet types are not the most common fed to domestic cats, but there has been increased interest in feeding alternative diet types, including raw and whole prey diets. There is a paucity of peer-reviewed literature examining nutrient composition, apparent total tract macronutrient digestibility, and bioavailability of raw meat-based and whole prey diets in felids. A majority of research pertaining to raw diets has focused on raw beef- and horsemeat-based diets, with little research focused on alternative protein sources (e.g., other species, whole prey diets) or other dietary ingredients (e.g., fiber sources and concentrations, micronutrients).
The overall objective of this research was to evaluate raw meat and whole prey diets for use by domestic and captive exotic cats, including diet compositional analyses, and effects on blood metabolites, nutrient digestibility, N metabolism, microbiota composition, and fermentative end-products. Our first aim was to evaluate traditional (beef; horse) and alternative (bison; elk) protein sources for use in raw meat-based diets for captive exotic and domestic felids. Our second aim was to evaluate common fiber types and concentrations utilized in raw meat-based diets for captive exotic felids. We evaluated cellulose and beet pulp as fiber sources at 2 or 4% of the diet. Our third aim was to determine nutrient composition and digestibility of common whole prey items fed to captive exotic felids. Firstly, we compared apparent total tract macronutrient digestibility of whole-prey chicks, whole ground chicken, a chicken-based canned diet, and a chicken-based extruded diet. Our final study was performed to determine the nutrient composition of 20 commercially available protein sources used in raw meat-based and whole prey diets.
In general, all diets were well utilized by all exotic and domestic felids, regardless of protein source, fiber type and concentration, or processing method. All animals were able to maintain body condition while being fed these raw meat-based or whole prey diets. Additionally, when fed raw meat-based, whole prey, or traditional canned or extruded diets, domestic cats maintained body weight (BW), N balance, and the majority of blood metabolites within reference ranges.
In our first aim, we determined that traditional (beef trimmings; horse trimmings) and alternative (elk meat; bison trimmings) protein sources utilized in raw-meat based diets containing cellulose had high apparent total tract organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) digestibility (>85% and > 95%, respectively) in domestic and captive exotic cats, high standardized amino acid digestibility in roosters (total essential amino acid digestibility > 90%), and high amino acid scores (81 to 95). We also determined that while all raw meat-based diets were adequate sources of α-linolenic acid, none met the recommended levels of linoleic acid (NRC, 2006). Additional deficiencies…
Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Swanson%2C%20Kelly%20S.%22%29&pagesize-30">Swanson, Kelly S. (advisor),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Fahey%2C%20George%20C.%22%29&pagesize-30">Fahey, George C. (Committee Chair),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Swanson%2C%20Kelly%20S.%22%29&pagesize-30">Swanson, Kelly S. (committee member),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Dikeman%2C%20Cheryl%20L.%22%29&pagesize-30">Dikeman, Cheryl L. (committee member),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Parsons%2C%20Carl%20M.%22%29&pagesize-30">Parsons, Carl M. (committee member),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Pan%2C%20Yuan-Xiang%22%29&pagesize-30">Pan, Yuan-Xiang (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: whole prey diets; raw meat diets; domestic feline; captive exotic feline; digestibility; composition; fecal fermentative end-products
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Kerr, K. R. (2012). Nutritional evaluation of raw meat and whole prey diets for domestic and exotic cats. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/32061
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kerr, Katherine R. “Nutritional evaluation of raw meat and whole prey diets for domestic and exotic cats.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2142/32061.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kerr, Katherine R. “Nutritional evaluation of raw meat and whole prey diets for domestic and exotic cats.” 2012. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Kerr KR. Nutritional evaluation of raw meat and whole prey diets for domestic and exotic cats. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/32061.
Council of Science Editors:
Kerr KR. Nutritional evaluation of raw meat and whole prey diets for domestic and exotic cats. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/32061

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
27.
Pineda Baide, Arnulfo.
Dry period plane of energy and periparturient health condition: Effects on production and metabolic responses.
Degree: PhD, Animal Sciences, 2017, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/99270
► Overconsumption of energy during the dry period has been linked to metabolic disorders during early lactation. Controlled energy, high fiber diets during the dry period…
(more)
▼ Overconsumption of energy during the dry period has been linked to metabolic disorders during early lactation. Controlled energy, high fiber diets during the dry period have been shown to decrease postpartal body lipid mobilization, concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) in blood, and lipid infiltration of liver. It is not known, however, whether these diets alter metabolism in healthy cows or act in some other manner to lessen the likelihood of developing metabolic disorders. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of energy intake during the dry period on production and metabolic responses of dairy cows. Thirty-eight multiparous Holstein cows dried-off 50 d before calving were blocked by parity, body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), and previous lactation 305-d milk yield, and then randomly assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments during the dry period. Treatments were 1) a controlled energy (CE; n = 17) high-fiber diet (1.39 Mcal of net energy for lactation (NEL) per kilogram of dietary dry matter (DM)) formulated to supply 100% of NEL requirements at ad libitum intake, 2) a higher-energy diet (NEL = 1.58 Mcal/kg) fed for ad libitum intake (HE; n = 11) to supply ~150% of NEL requirements, or 3) the same higher energy diet fed at restricted intake (RE; n = 10) to supply 80% of NEL requirements. After calving all cows were fed the same lactation diet. Cows were individually fed and remained in the study until 28 d after calving. Body weight and BCS were measured weekly. Milk yield and dry matter intake (DMI) were recorded daily. Milk samples collected twice weekly were analyzed for fat, protein, lactose, urea nitrogen, and somatic cell count. Cows received an intravenous glucose tolerance test (GTT) on d −8 ± 4 and 8, and an insulin challenge (IC) on d −6 ± 3 and 6 relative to parturition. Blood samples obtained at −30, −15, −5, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, and 120 min relative to administration of glucose or insulin were analyzed for concentrations of glucose, insulin, and NEFA. Blood samples collected 5 d before and 5 d after calving were analyzed for glucose, insulin, NEFA, BHB, calcium, and magnesium. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Two analyses were conducted: the first analysis was carried out on cows that remained healthy postpartum, whereas the second analysis included healthy and non-healthy cows. Cows were classified as non-healthy if they experienced displacement of abomasum, retained placenta, metritis, or milk fever. Results of the first analysis indicated that cows fed ad libitum (CE and HE) had greater DMI, NEL intake, and energy balance (EB) during the dry period than cows subjected to restricted intake. Consequently, BW gain was greater in cows fed at ad libitum than restricted intake, but changes in BCS were not observed. Postpartum DMI, NEL intake, EB, BW, BCS, production responses, and blood metabolites were not affected by dry period dietary treatment. The area under the curve (AUC) for glucose after GTT prepartum, IC prepartum, and…
Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Drackley%2C%20James%20K.%22%29&pagesize-30">Drackley, James K. (advisor),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Drackley%2C%20James%20K.%22%29&pagesize-30">Drackley, James K. (Committee Chair),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Cardoso%2C%20Felipe%20C.%22%29&pagesize-30">Cardoso, Felipe C. (committee member),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Murphy%2C%20Michael%20R.%22%29&pagesize-30">Murphy, Michael R. (committee member),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Pan%2C%20Yuan-Xiang%22%29&pagesize-30">Pan, Yuan-Xiang (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Dry cow; Transition period; Energy intake; Insulin resistance
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Pineda Baide, A. (2017). Dry period plane of energy and periparturient health condition: Effects on production and metabolic responses. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/99270
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Pineda Baide, Arnulfo. “Dry period plane of energy and periparturient health condition: Effects on production and metabolic responses.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2142/99270.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Pineda Baide, Arnulfo. “Dry period plane of energy and periparturient health condition: Effects on production and metabolic responses.” 2017. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Pineda Baide A. Dry period plane of energy and periparturient health condition: Effects on production and metabolic responses. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/99270.
Council of Science Editors:
Pineda Baide A. Dry period plane of energy and periparturient health condition: Effects on production and metabolic responses. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/99270

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
28.
Metzgar, Catherine J.
Determinants of weight gain prevention in adult women.
Degree: PhD, Food Science & Human Nutrition, 2016, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/90481
► Although the prevalence of overweight and obesity has remained stable in recent years, weight management remains a challenge for a large sector of the population.…
(more)
▼ Although the prevalence of overweight and obesity has remained stable in recent years, weight management remains a challenge for a large sector of the population. Particularly during young adulthood, women are at increased risk for excess weight gain. Rather than focusing on the treatment of excess body weight through energy restriction, which has proven to be ineffective in facilitating long-term weight loss, an alternative and more robust approach may be to emphasize the improvement of health and lifestyle behaviors to aid in prevention of weight gain over time. A 1-year randomized controlled trial of weight gain prevention was conducted in a sample of premenopausal women to determine the effects of a weight gain prevention intervention that included nutrition education on body weight (BW) change and other health outcomes over one year. This trial also aimed to compare the delivery of nutrition education by a registered dietitian to a counselor.
Women (n=87) were randomized to a control group (CON; n=29) or weight gain prevention intervention delivered by a registered dietitian (RDG; n=29) or counselor (CSG; n=29). Eighty-one women (meanSD, age: 31.4±8.1 y; BW: 76.1±19.0 kg; body mass index: 27.9±6.8 kg/m2) completed baseline testing and were included in intention-to-treat analyses (CON=26; RDG=26; CSG=29). During the intervention period, women in the RDG and CSG groups attended 16 weekly and 8 monthly 1-hour nutrition education sessions. Anthropometric, blood pressure, dietary intake, physical activity, biochemical markers of health, eating behaviors, health perceptions and mediators of behavior change data were collected and evaluated at baseline and every three months thereafter. All data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 22.0, 2013).
The weight gain prevention intervention was successful in preventing weight gain over one year; however, BW change between the RDG, CSG and CON was not significantly different, and 62% of the original sample successfully prevented weight gain. Few differences were observed by group or over time using intention-to-treat analyses. Body fat percentage was significantly lower in the RDG compared to the CSG and CON at all time points (P<0.001). In the CON, systolic blood pressure significantly changed over time (P<0.001), and a group x time interaction for systolic blood pressure was observed (P<0.01). Intake of fruit servings per day differed significantly at month 6 and 12 between the RDG and CON (P<0.01). No significant group differences were observed for additional anthropometric measurements (P>0.01), resting heart rate (P>0.01), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P>0.01), macronutrient intake (P>0.01), food group servings (P>0.01), total energy expenditure (P>0.01) or biochemical markers of health (P>0.01). There were no significant effects of time for any anthropometric measurements (P>0.01), resting heart rate (P>0.01), diastolic blood pressure (P>0.01), dietary intake (P>0.01), total energy expenditure (P>0.01) or biochemical…
Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Nickols-Richardson%2C%20Sharon%20M%22%29&pagesize-30">Nickols-Richardson, Sharon M (advisor),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Nakamura%2C%20Manabu%20T%22%29&pagesize-30">Nakamura, Manabu T (Committee Chair),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Teran-Garcia%2C%20Margarita%22%29&pagesize-30">Teran-Garcia, Margarita (committee member),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Pan%2C%20Yuan-Xiang%22%29&pagesize-30">Pan, Yuan-Xiang (committee member),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Ellison%2C%20Brenna%22%29&pagesize-30">Ellison, Brenna (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: weight gain prevention; body weight; obesity; women; weight maintenance
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Metzgar, C. J. (2016). Determinants of weight gain prevention in adult women. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/90481
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Metzgar, Catherine J. “Determinants of weight gain prevention in adult women.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2142/90481.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Metzgar, Catherine J. “Determinants of weight gain prevention in adult women.” 2016. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Metzgar CJ. Determinants of weight gain prevention in adult women. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/90481.
Council of Science Editors:
Metzgar CJ. Determinants of weight gain prevention in adult women. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/90481
29.
McCann, Joshua C.
Influence of nutrition on the muscle transcriptome and ruminal microbiome in cattle.
Degree: PhD, Animal Sciences, 2016, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/92899
► Beef cattle nutrition research has historically focused on formulating diets to address nutrient requirements of cattle for given level of animal performance. While predictive models…
(more)
▼ Beef cattle nutrition research has historically focused on formulating diets to address nutrient requirements of cattle for given level of animal performance. While predictive models account for many factors that may affect nutrient requirements, additional physiological effects can alter the animal's ability to utilize dietary nutrients. Several of these factors include the ruminal microbiome composition and epithelial tissue function, and nutrient provision in utero. The objective of this dissertation was to evaluate the effects of nutrition on these physiological effects to determine their potential to influence nutrient utilization.
Supplemental sources of fat, such as condensed distillers solubles (CDS), are often added to the diets of growing cattle to increase the energy density of the diet, but these products may negatively impact rumen bacteria at high inclusion levels. Five ruminally-fistulated steers were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design to determine the effects of increasing dietary fat and sulfur from (CDS) on the ruminal microbiome. Alpha-diversity and species richness decreased (linear; P < 0.05) in the liquid fraction for steers fed greater CDS. At the phyla level, relative abundance of Bacteroidetes decreased in steers fed increasing dietary inclusion of CDS as Firmicutes increased to 82% of sequences for the 27% CDS treatment. The most abundant family of sulfate-reducing bacteria, Desulfovibrionaceae, increased (P < 0.03) in the solid and liquid fraction in steers fed additional dietary CDS and sulfur. There were no effects (P > 0.10) of feeding increasing dietary fat from CDS on fibroylytic phyla Fibrobacteres in either fraction.
Rapid consumption of a highly digestible diet causes rapid fermentation and may lead to the onset of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA), a condition that negatively impacts the dairy industry by decreasing dry matter intake, milk production, and profitability. Six ruminallyfistulated, lactating Holstein cows were used in a replicated incomplete Latin square design to determine the effects of SARA induction on the ruminal microbiome and epithelium using a SARA induction model. Ruminal contents and epithelial biopsies were collected on d 1 and 6 of each period prior to feeding. Principal coordinate analysis of beta-diversity indicated samples within the liquid fraction separated by day and coincided with an increased relative abundance of genera Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Streptococcus, and Lactobacillus on d 6 (P < 0.06). Phylum Bacteroidetes increased on d 6 (P < 0.01) for SARA cows driven by greater genera Prevotella and YRC22 (P < 0.01). Streptococcus bovis and Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens populations tended to increase on d 6 but were not affected by the severity of acidotic bout. In ruminal epithelium, CLDN1 and CLDN4 expression increased on d 6 (P < 0.03) 24 h after SARA induction, but overall effects on ruminal epithelium were modest.
Maternal nutrition provided during mid-gestation may influence skeletal muscle development and long-term metabolism. Three…
Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Loor%2C%20Juan%20J%22%29&pagesize-30">Loor, Juan J (advisor),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Shike%2C%20Daniel%20W%22%29&pagesize-30">Shike, Daniel W (advisor),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Loor%2C%20Juan%20J%22%29&pagesize-30">Loor, Juan J (Committee Chair),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Shike%2C%20Daniel%20W%22%29&pagesize-30">Shike, Daniel W (Committee Chair),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Pan%2C%20Yuan-Xiang%22%29&pagesize-30">Pan, Yuan-Xiang (committee member),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Khafipour%2C%20Ehsan%22%29&pagesize-30">Khafipour, Ehsan (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Cattle; Rumen microbiome; Muscle transcriptome; Rumen epithelium
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APA (6th Edition):
McCann, J. C. (2016). Influence of nutrition on the muscle transcriptome and ruminal microbiome in cattle. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/92899
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
McCann, Joshua C. “Influence of nutrition on the muscle transcriptome and ruminal microbiome in cattle.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2142/92899.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
McCann, Joshua C. “Influence of nutrition on the muscle transcriptome and ruminal microbiome in cattle.” 2016. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
McCann JC. Influence of nutrition on the muscle transcriptome and ruminal microbiome in cattle. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/92899.
Council of Science Editors:
McCann JC. Influence of nutrition on the muscle transcriptome and ruminal microbiome in cattle. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/92899

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
30.
Patel, Shreya A.
The effects of adult exposure to genistein on female reproductive outcomes.
Degree: PhD, VMS - Comparative Biosciences, 2017, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/97673
► Genistein is a phytoestrogen commonly found in plants such as soybeans, lentils, and chickpeas. Humans and animals are most primarily exposed to genistein through the…
(more)
▼ Genistein is a phytoestrogen commonly found in plants such as soybeans, lentils, and chickpeas. Humans and animals are most primarily exposed to genistein through the consumption soy and soy-based dietary products. Human exposure to genistein varies based on diet, but is present in many populations of adults and children. Genistein can bind to and signal through estrogen receptors. Therefore, it has the potential to mimic, enhance, or impair the estradiol biosynthesis pathway, and is categorized as an endocrine disrupting chemical. This is of concern to human health because genistein-induced effects on the steroidogenic pathway can result in adverse, long-term effects on female fertility, cardiovascular, bone, and overall health.
The ovary is an estrogen receptor-rich tissue, and plays a key role in the regulation of female fertility. This is because the ovary’s main functional unit, the follicle, is responsible for the production of sex steroid hormones and consists of the oocyte necessary for fertilization. In the adult ovary, the follicle is present in all stages ranging from the immature primordial follicle to the most mature antral follicle. The antral follicle is one of the most important follicle types because it is the primary producer of sex steroid hormones in the ovary, and it is the only follicle type capable of growing to the point of ovulation. Therefore, any effects on folliculogenesis can adversely affect female fertility.
Crosstalk between the theca and granulosa cells of the antral follicle is responsible for the production of sex steroid hormones that are necessary for fertility and overall female health. Enzymes in the theca cells metabolize cholesterol to estradiol precursor hormones such as progesterone and testosterone. The androgens can pass the basal membrane and enter the granulosa cells to be further metabolized to estrone and estradiol. Any alteration in this highly regulated enzymatic process could adversely affects steroid hormone production. Normal follicle growth and proper steroid hormone production are necessary to maintain normal female fertility.
Thus, I hypothesized that direct exposure to genistein inhibits antral follicle growth and alters the estradiol biosynthesis pathway. To test this hypothesis, I directly exposed intact antral follicles to 6 and 36 µM of genistein for 18-96 hours (h). After each 24 h time point, I measured growth, steroid hormone production, and expression of steroidogenic enzymes. Additionally after 18 h, I measured the expression of apoptotic factors and cell cycle regulators to determine growth inhibition. After 24 h of culture, I found that genistein exposure significantly inhibited antral follicle growth, and that this inhibition continued until the end of the culture period at 96 h. Next, I found that genistein exposure significantly increased the expression of the cell cycle inhibitor Cdkn1a at 18 h. This indicates that direct exposure to genistein inhibits antral follicle growth by causing cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, I found that genistein…
Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Flaws%2C%20Jodi%20A%22%29&pagesize-30">Flaws, Jodi A (advisor),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Flaws%2C%20Jodi%20A%22%29&pagesize-30">Flaws, Jodi A (Committee Chair),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Bagchi%2C%20Indrani%20C%22%29&pagesize-30">Bagchi, Indrani C (committee member),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Eubig%2C%20Paul%20A%22%29&pagesize-30">Eubig, Paul A (committee member),
Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Pan%2C%20Yuan-Xiang%22%29&pagesize-30">Pan, Yuan-Xiang (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Genistein; Ovary; Follicle; Folliculogenesis; Steroidogenesis; Fertility; Pregnancy; Preconception exposure; Endocrine disruption
Record Details
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Record Details
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Patel, S. A. (2017). The effects of adult exposure to genistein on female reproductive outcomes. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/97673
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Patel, Shreya A. “The effects of adult exposure to genistein on female reproductive outcomes.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2142/97673.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Patel, Shreya A. “The effects of adult exposure to genistein on female reproductive outcomes.” 2017. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Patel SA. The effects of adult exposure to genistein on female reproductive outcomes. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/97673.
Council of Science Editors:
Patel SA. The effects of adult exposure to genistein on female reproductive outcomes. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/97673
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