+publisher:"University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign" +contributor:("Jeffery, Elizabeth H.")

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University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

1. Dosz, Edward. Improving the health benefits of broccoli through myrosinase maintenance.

Degree: PhD, 0037, 2014, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/49815

► Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) is the most significant source of sulforaphane (SF), a potent cancer-preventative agent in the Western diet. Because SF is unstable; the… (more)

▼ Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) is the most significant source of sulforaphane (SF), a potent cancer-preventative agent in the Western diet. Because SF is unstable; the plant produces a stable thioglucoside precursor, glucoraphanin, and a thioglucoside glucohydrolase (myrosinase EC 3.2.1.147). Glucoraphanin and myrosinase are stored separately in the plant cell. When tissue is crushed, such as in insect damage, glucoraphanin and myrosinase come in contact and form an intermediate that breaks down to form the isothiocyanate SF. Importantly, when broccoli is crushed/chewed before swallowing by the consumer, the same process takes place as long as the isothiocyanate precursors are present. When broccoli is processed commercially for freezing, it undergoes blanching. Blanching is a thermal treatment using steam or hot water to inactivate enzymes which could adversely affect the broccoli during frozen storage. This thermal treatment also inactivates the thermally unstable myrosinase, yielding a broccoli product with no ability to form SF. Human tissues contain no thiohydrolase and although the gut microbiota can form SF, they do so very poorly compared to myrosinase. Much of the current literature focuses on glucoraphanin content of new or improved broccoli varieties, without looking at the larger picture of SF formation and therefore myrosinase activity. The assays that exist to measure myrosinase involve the disappearance of the glucosinolate (GSL) sinigrin (not endogenous to broccoli) or the appearance of glucose, released during sinigrin hydrolysis. For glucose measurement, protein extraction is carried out to prepare tissue for assay. Extraction is incomplete causing an underestimate of activity as compared to the whole food. The objective of this research was multifaceted. First, to determine if frozen broccoli processing methods significantly inhibited the formation of SF as seen in commercially available broccoli products. Results showed that prior to cooking; commercial samples already had a reduced capacity to form SF, due to a lack of activity by the enzyme myrosinase. This loss of activity was found to be due to the thermal treatment during blanching that they all received prior to freezing. When samples were then micorowaved in a bowl or a steamer bag, the resulting food products were all void of SF formation, due to inactivation of myrosinase. The second objective was to determine a way to overcome loss of hydrolyzing activity. Industrial blanching usually aims to inactivate peroxidase, although lipoxygenase plays a greater role in product degradation during frozen storage of broccoli. Blanching at 86 °C or higher inactivated peroxidase, lipoxygenase, and myrosinase. Blanching at 76 °C inactivated 92% of lipoxygenase activity, whereas there was only an 18% loss in myrosinase-dependent sulforaphane formation. We considered that thawing frozen broccoli might disrupt membrane integrity, allowing myrosinase and glucoraphanin to come into contact. Thawing frozen broccoli for 9 h did not support… Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Jeffery%2C%20Elizabeth%20H.%22%29&pagesize-30">Jeffery, Elizabeth H. (advisor), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Engeseth%2C%20Nicki%20J.%22%29&pagesize-30">Engeseth, Nicki J. (Committee Chair), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Jeffery%2C%20Elizabeth%20H.%22%29&pagesize-30">Jeffery, Elizabeth H. (committee member), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Schmidt%2C%20Shelly%20J.%22%29&pagesize-30">Schmidt, Shelly J. (committee member), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Lee%2C%20Youngsoo%22%29&pagesize-30">Lee, Youngsoo (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: broccoli: myrosinase; sulforaphane; thermal stability of brassica phytochemicals

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APA (6^th Edition):

Dosz, E. (2014). Improving the health benefits of broccoli through myrosinase maintenance. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/49815

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dosz, Edward. “Improving the health benefits of broccoli through myrosinase maintenance.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/49815.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dosz, Edward. “Improving the health benefits of broccoli through myrosinase maintenance.” 2014. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Dosz E. Improving the health benefits of broccoli through myrosinase maintenance. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/49815.

Council of Science Editors:

Dosz E. Improving the health benefits of broccoli through myrosinase maintenance. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/49815

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

2. Chen, Karen Lee Ann. The effects of novel and synthetic estrogens on liver health and microbiome crosstalk.

Degree: MS, Nutritional Sciences, 2017, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/99478

► Postmenopausal women have increased risk of metabolic diseases including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Hormone replacement therapies (HRT) reverse some of the risk factors associated… (more)

▼ Postmenopausal women have increased risk of metabolic diseases including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Hormone replacement therapies (HRT) reverse some of the risk factors associated with metabolic disease but increases the risk of reproductive cancers. Novel and synthetic estrogens may have the beneficial effects of HRT on metabolic health but do not increase the risk of cancers. The objective of these studies is to evaluate the effects of novel and synthetic estrogens on metabolism by analyzing transcriptomic, metabolomics, and microbiome data in mouse and cell line models. Additionally, a potential mechanism of interaction between estrogens and the gut microbiome is explored. Pathway preferential estrogen 1 (PaPE-1) is a promising novel estrogen receptor ligand that has been shown to favorably target tissues through selective activity. Though its effects on weight gain and fat accumulation have been previously investigated, its effects on liver transcriptome and plasma metabolites have yet to be determined. We use several genomics and postgenomics technologies to characterize the effects of various estrogens on the health of the liver. Additionally we tested the effects of PaPE-1 on two different mouse models: diet induced obesity (DIO) and leptin deficient (ob/ob) mice. PaPE-1 significantly decreased liver weight in both DIO and ob/ob models. H&E staining show that lipid accumulation decrease in animals who receive PaPE-1 treatment and this phenotype is also confirmed in HepG2 cells. Integrated pathway analysis using transcriptomics and metabolomics identified lower inflammation and fatty acid metabolic pathways to be modulated by PaPE-1 treatment. Our results show that PaPE-1 showed significant changes in inflammation and lipid synthesis and deposition-related metabolic pathways in two different mouse models that simulate metabolic dysfunction due to loss of estrogen cycling in combination with genetic background (ob/ob mice) and high-fat diet. In both models PaPE-1 is protective against steatosis and NAFLD. Bazedoxifene and conjugated estrogens (CE+BZA) combination has been shown to prevent visceral adiposity and weight gain after menopause. However, its interaction with the liver and prevention of steatosis has yet to be examined. As reported in previous studies, CE+BZA combination is very effective at preventing ovariectomy-induced weight gain in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). H&E and Oil Red O staining show that lipid droplet size is significantly reduced in CE+BZA treated animals after ovariectomy and HFD. Additionally, CE+BZA induces unique liver transcriptomic profiles compared to estradiol, conjugated estrogens alone, or bazedoxifene alone. Integrated pathway analysis shows that the most significant pathways influenced are associated with lower rates of inflammation and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. These results point to overall benefits to liver health by CE+BZA treatment. Recent advances have enriched our understanding of the microbiome and have provided evidence that… Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Madak-Erdogan%2C%20Zeynep%22%29&pagesize-30">Madak-Erdogan, Zeynep (advisor), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Jeffery%2C%20Elizabeth%20%20H%22%29&pagesize-30">Jeffery, Elizabeth H (committee member), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Miller%2C%20Michael%20%20J%22%29&pagesize-30">Miller, Michael J (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: estrogen; liver; NAFLD; microbiome

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APA (6^th Edition):

Chen, K. L. A. (2017). The effects of novel and synthetic estrogens on liver health and microbiome crosstalk. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/99478

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chen, Karen Lee Ann. “The effects of novel and synthetic estrogens on liver health and microbiome crosstalk.” 2017. Thesis, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/99478.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chen, Karen Lee Ann. “The effects of novel and synthetic estrogens on liver health and microbiome crosstalk.” 2017. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Chen KLA. The effects of novel and synthetic estrogens on liver health and microbiome crosstalk. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/99478.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Chen KLA. The effects of novel and synthetic estrogens on liver health and microbiome crosstalk. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/99478

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

3. Volker, Sonja. Broccoli bioactives: impact on enzyme induction, estrogen metabolism and human cancer cell growth.

Degree: PhD, 0191, 2012, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/32034

► Estrogen-associated cancers are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in U.S. men and women. Consumption of cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli, cauliflower and cabbage,… (more)

▼ Estrogen-associated cancers are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in U.S. men and women. Consumption of cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli, cauliflower and cabbage, is associated with reduced risk for these and other cancers. The chemoprotective properties of crucifers are traditionally attributed to high levels of glucosinolates and their bioactive breakdown products. A proposed mechanism of protection against estrogen-associated cancers by cruciferous vegetables is alteration of estrogen metabolism toward formation of less estrogenic metabolites. Supplementation with the glucosinolate breakdown product indole-3-carbinol (I3C) has been shown to increase formation of 2-hydroxyestrogens, estrogen metabolites with weak estrogenic activity. However, the observed reduction in risk for estrogen-associated cancers with increased consumption of cruciferous vegetables may relate to increased formation of anticarcinogenic 2-methoxyestrogens derived from further metabolism of 2-hydroxyestrogens. In this study, glucosinolate breakdown products found in broccoli enhanced formation of 2-methoxyestradiol from the parent compound 17β-estradiol in vitro and ex vivo, mainly via upregulation of the phase I detoxification enzyme cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A. Broccoli inhibited growth of human prostate and ovarian cancer cells via induction of apoptosis, but this was not due to formation of 2-methoxyestradiol. Compared to the purified glucosinolate breakdown products I3C and sulforaphane (SF), broccoli inhibited cancer cell growth to a greater extent. Both SF and the flavonols quercetin and kaempferol have been shown individually to upregulate activity of the phase II detoxification enzyme NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1 (NQO1). The present study demonstrated that combinations of purified SF, quercetin and kaempferol increased NQO1 activity in a synergistic manner in murine hepatoma cells. Broccoli is an active accumulator of selenium, and the concentration of this mineral in the plant tissue may be orders of magnitude greater than that in the soil. Selenium enrichment has been shown to enhance the anticarcinogenic property of broccoli. An underlying mechanism may be upregulation of CYP1A and NQO1 activities, which may result in enhanced inactivation and subsequent excretion of potentially carcinogenic compounds. In this study, selenium enrichment resulted in increased levels of the indole glucosinolate neoglucobrassicin in the plant tissue, and a concomitant increase in CYP1A and NQO1 activities in vitro. Breakdown products of neoglucobrassicin, but not selenium, appear to account for the observed increase in CYP1A activity; their effect on NQO1 activity remains to be determined. Taken together, these results show that I3C and SF, the main bioactive glucosinolate breakdown products derived from broccoli, are not solely responsible for the anticancer effects of broccoli. Rather, other bioactive compounds present in the vegetable, alone or in combination, may contribute to the chemopreventive potential of the vegetable. Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Jeffery%2C%20Elizabeth%20H.%22%29&pagesize-30">Jeffery, Elizabeth H. (advisor), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Erdman%2C%20John%20W.%22%29&pagesize-30">Erdman, John W. (Committee Chair), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Jeffery%2C%20Elizabeth%20H.%22%29&pagesize-30">Jeffery, Elizabeth H. (committee member), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Bahr%2C%20Janice%20M.%22%29&pagesize-30">Bahr, Janice M. (committee member), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Diamond%2C%20Alan%20M.%22%29&pagesize-30">Diamond, Alan M. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: 2-methoxyestradiol; broccoli; cytochrome P450 1A1; glucosinolates; indole-3-carbinol; kaempferol; NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1; neoglucobrassicin; ovarian cancer; prostate cancer; quercetin; selenium; sulforaphane; synergy

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Volker, S. (2012). Broccoli bioactives: impact on enzyme induction, estrogen metabolism and human cancer cell growth. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/32034

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Volker, Sonja. “Broccoli bioactives: impact on enzyme induction, estrogen metabolism and human cancer cell growth.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/32034.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Volker, Sonja. “Broccoli bioactives: impact on enzyme induction, estrogen metabolism and human cancer cell growth.” 2012. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Volker S. Broccoli bioactives: impact on enzyme induction, estrogen metabolism and human cancer cell growth. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/32034.

Council of Science Editors:

Volker S. Broccoli bioactives: impact on enzyme induction, estrogen metabolism and human cancer cell growth. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/32034

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

4. Townsend, Brigitte Elyse. Sulforaphane as a potential nutritional intervention to reduce neuroinflammation associated with aging and sickness behavior.

Degree: PhD, Nutritional Sciences, 2015, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/78770

► Innate immune cells provide critical protection against pathogens and produce immune factors that drive adaptive sickness behaviors to facilitate recovery from acute illness and injury.… (more)

▼ Innate immune cells provide critical protection against pathogens and produce immune factors that drive adaptive sickness behaviors to facilitate recovery from acute illness and injury. Microglia, the resident innate immune cells in brain, recognize pathogens and danger associated molecular patterns, then express proinflammatory signaling molecules such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Aging is associated with chronic neuroinflammation that is represented by behavioral and cognitive impairment, and increased risk of neurodegenerative disease. Aging-associated inflammation is thought to shift microglia into a primed state that contributes to increased neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the aging brain. Dietary broccoli and its derived bioactive sulforaphane (SFN) has potential use as a novel nutritional intervention to reduce aging-related neuroinflammation. Sulforaphane activates nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which induces antioxidant response element genes that regulate cellular redox balance. In animal models of neurodegeneration and brain trauma, activation of the Nrf2 pathway is protective, but its function in the aging brain has not been investigated. Microglial activity is reportedly mitigated by SFN, forming the basis for our hypothesis that SFN would attenuate elevated inflammatory markers in unstimulated aged microglia and in microglia treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To test this hypothesis, microglia from adult and aged mice were isolated and treated in vitro with SFN ± LPS in order to investigate the effects of SFN on aged and LPS-stimulated microglia. In support of the hypothesis, SFN decreased IL-1β, IL-6, and iNOS in LPS-simulated microglia from adult and aged mice, and tended to decrease basal IL-1β in aged microglia. Sulforaphane increased Nrf2 target genes were increased in both adult and aged microglia, and increased Nrf2 activity in the BV2 microglia cell line. Based on SFN’s ability to reduce inflammatory markers in microglia, we hypothesized that acute exposure to SFN may attenuate neuroinflammation and sickness behavior in LPS-challenged mice. Mice were administered SFN for 3 d then challenged with LPS to mimic peripheral infection. Nrf2 target genes and inflammatory mediators in brain and liver mRNA were quantified after 6 h. In hippocampus and liver of mice that were treated with LPS, SFN decreased IL-1β and iNOS, but did not improve sickness behavior. This led us to hypothesize that longer exposure to SFN, such as could be attained through dietary supplement with broccoli, may have a more pronounced impact on sickness behavior. To test this hypothesis, adult and aged mice were fed control diet or diet containing 10% broccoli. After 28 d, mice were injected with saline or LPS, and sacrificed 24 h later. Broccoli diet improved glial reactivity markers in aged mice. However, broccoli diet did not reduce IL-1β in brain or liver of aged or LPS-challenged mice, and had no effect on sickness behavior. Collectively these data… Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Johnson%2C%20Rodney%20W.%22%29&pagesize-30">Johnson, Rodney W. (advisor), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Jeffery%2C%20Elizabeth%20H.%22%29&pagesize-30">Jeffery, Elizabeth H. (Committee Chair), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Erdman%2C%20John%20W.%22%29&pagesize-30">Erdman, John W. (committee member), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Dilger%2C%20Ryan%20N.%22%29&pagesize-30">Dilger, Ryan N. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Aging; Broccoli; Neuroinflammation; Sickness Behavior; Sulforaphane

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Townsend, B. E. (2015). Sulforaphane as a potential nutritional intervention to reduce neuroinflammation associated with aging and sickness behavior. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/78770

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Townsend, Brigitte Elyse. “Sulforaphane as a potential nutritional intervention to reduce neuroinflammation associated with aging and sickness behavior.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/78770.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Townsend, Brigitte Elyse. “Sulforaphane as a potential nutritional intervention to reduce neuroinflammation associated with aging and sickness behavior.” 2015. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Townsend BE. Sulforaphane as a potential nutritional intervention to reduce neuroinflammation associated with aging and sickness behavior. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/78770.

Council of Science Editors:

Townsend BE. Sulforaphane as a potential nutritional intervention to reduce neuroinflammation associated with aging and sickness behavior. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/78770

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

5. Basavarajappa, Mallikarjuna. Mechanism of methoxychlor toxicity in mouse ovarian antral follicles.

Degree: PhD, 5274, 2012, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/29409

► 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethane (methoxychlor; MXC) is an organochlorine pesticide used against pests and insects that attack crops, gardens, vegetables, pets, and livestock. MXC targets the ovary and… (more)

▼ 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethane (methoxychlor; MXC) is an organochlorine pesticide used against pests and insects that attack crops, gardens, vegetables, pets, and livestock. MXC targets the ovary and its exposure has adverse effects on reproductive function in adult female mice causing persistent estrus, reduced fertility, and ovarian atrophy. MXC reduces fertility by increasing atresia of antral follicles and by decreasing numbers of healthy antral follicles in adult female mice. Further, MXC inhibits growth and induces atresia of mouse antral follicles in vitro. Little is known, however, about the mechanisms by which MXC causes slow growth and atresia of antral follicles. Hence, this dissertation work was designed to help us to better understand the mechanism of action of MXC in antral follicles by examining the effects of MXC on steroid levels, Bcl2 factors and caspase activity, and by determining if MXC exerts toxicity through an AHR pathway. Since MXC is known to target antral follicles, the major producer of sex steroids in the ovary, the present study first tested the hypothesis that MXC decreases estradiol (E2) levels by altering steroidogenic and metabolic enzymes in the antral follicles. Given that MXC induces atresia after long term exposure, in part, by increasing the pro-apoptotic factor Bax and decreasing the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl2 in antral follicles, the present study also tested the hypothesis that MXC induces atresia at early time points and alters other pro-apoptotic (Bok and Casp3) and anti-apoptotic factors (Bcl-xL) in addition to Bcl2 and Bax. In addition, the present study tested the hypothesis that MXC alters caspase activity in the follicles. Several studies indicate that many chemicals act through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathway and one study has shown that MXC binds to the AHR in liver cells. Hence, the present work also tested the hypothesis that MXC binds to the AHR to inhibit follicle growth and induce atresia of antral follicles. To test these hypotheses, antral follicles were isolated from ovaries of female wild-type (WT) or AHR knock-out (AHRKO) mice and cultured with either vehicle (dimethylsulfoxide; DMSO) or MXC. Follicle growth was measured every 24 h for 96 or 168 h. In addition, sex steroid hormone levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and mRNA expression levels of steroidogenic enzymes, the E2 metabolic enzyme Cyp1b1, and Bcl2 related factors were measured using qPCR. Caspase activity and atresia were also measured in follicles. In granulosa cells, MXC binding to AHR was also measured using transfection experiments. The results indicate that MXC decreases most of steroidogenic enzymes, increases metabolic enzyme expression and this in turn leads to decreased sex steroid hormone levels. The results also indicate that, at 24 h, MXC increases Bax levels and does not affect Bcl2 levels. This increases the Bax/Bcl2 ratio, which in turn may increase the mitochondrial permeability leading to activation of caspase… Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Flaws%2C%20Jodi%20A.%22%29&pagesize-30">Flaws, Jodi A. (advisor), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Hofmann%2C%20Marie-Claude%22%29&pagesize-30">Hofmann, Marie-Claude (committee member), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Dirikolu%2C%20Levent%22%29&pagesize-30">Dirikolu, Levent (committee member), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Jeffery%2C%20Elizabeth%20H.%22%29&pagesize-30">Jeffery, Elizabeth H. (committee member), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Nowak%2C%20Romana%20A.%22%29&pagesize-30">Nowak, Romana A. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: methoxychlor; antral follicles; ovary; mouse; aryl hydrocarbon receptor; atresia; growth

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Basavarajappa, M. (2012). Mechanism of methoxychlor toxicity in mouse ovarian antral follicles. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/29409

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Basavarajappa, Mallikarjuna. “Mechanism of methoxychlor toxicity in mouse ovarian antral follicles.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/29409.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Basavarajappa, Mallikarjuna. “Mechanism of methoxychlor toxicity in mouse ovarian antral follicles.” 2012. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Basavarajappa M. Mechanism of methoxychlor toxicity in mouse ovarian antral follicles. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/29409.

Council of Science Editors:

Basavarajappa M. Mechanism of methoxychlor toxicity in mouse ovarian antral follicles. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/29409

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

6. Chen, Yung-Ju. Dietary broccoli impedes Western diet-enhanced fatty liver and hepatocellular carcinoma development.

Degree: PhD, Food Science & Human Nutrition, 2015, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/89169

► Liver is the metabolic center for energy homeostasis in our body, maintaining a balance between carbohydrate and fat metabolism. The “Westernized” dietary pattern, which is… (more)

▼ Liver is the metabolic center for energy homeostasis in our body, maintaining a balance between carbohydrate and fat metabolism. The “Westernized” dietary pattern, which is known for high saturated fat and refined sugar and rooted in the lifestyle of a large proportion of the world’s population, may greatly disrupt energy balance, resulting in obesity and obesity-related diseases. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hepatocellular carcinoma, which is also a possible endpoint of NAFLD, are both enhanced by adiposity and inflammation, and almost symptomless until serious damage is caused in liver. However, these diseases can be preventable, by changing lifestyle and diet. Broccoli, a well-accepted brassica vegetable in the United States, has the potential to reduce cancer risk and ameliorate inflammation. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to understand the impact of dietary broccoli on the development of NAFLD and liver cancer in mice fed a Western diet. Accordingly, we proposed a whole dietary broccoli intervention. A combined Western diet-fed and diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-treated mouse liver cancer models was used in order to evaluate the changes in hepatic lipidosis, macrophage activation, and tumorigenesis after long-term consumption of broccoli. Our results show that dietary broccoli decreased hepatic lipidosis as early as 3 months after initiation, and effectively down-regulated liver damage. The enlarged hepatic triglyceride pool due to the Western diet was narrowed by dietary broccoli, lowering the influx of non-esterified fatty acids but increasing the excretion of very-low-density lipoprotein. Activation of hepatic macrophages, was lowered by continues consumption of broccoli. Furthermore, DEN-induced liver tumor size and hepatic neoplasm-related lesion formation were both decreased by dietary broccoli. In addition, as an incidental finding, intraperitoneal DEN-induced nasal epithelial neoplasm-related lesions in B6C3F1 mice are first reported in this study. Overall, whole broccoli dietary intervention has the potential to impede the progression of NAFLD, from hepatic steatosis, through steatohepatitis, to hepatocellular carcinoma. This study fills gaps of knowledge about the impact of broccoli on hepatic lipid metabolism, supports the cancer preventive effect of brassicas revealed by epidemiologic studies, and further encourages the whole food dietary intervention. Translation to clinical studies is needed. Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Jeffery%2C%20Elizabeth%20H.%22%29&pagesize-30">Jeffery, Elizabeth H. (advisor), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Erdman%2C%20John%20W.%22%29&pagesize-30">Erdman, John W. (Committee Chair), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Pan%2C%20Yuan-Xiang%22%29&pagesize-30">Pan, Yuan-Xiang (committee member), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Wallig%2C%20Matthew%20A.%22%29&pagesize-30">Wallig, Matthew A. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Broccoli; Western diet; Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD); Liver cancer

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APA (6^th Edition):

Chen, Y. (2015). Dietary broccoli impedes Western diet-enhanced fatty liver and hepatocellular carcinoma development. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/89169

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chen, Yung-Ju. “Dietary broccoli impedes Western diet-enhanced fatty liver and hepatocellular carcinoma development.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/89169.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chen, Yung-Ju. “Dietary broccoli impedes Western diet-enhanced fatty liver and hepatocellular carcinoma development.” 2015. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Chen Y. Dietary broccoli impedes Western diet-enhanced fatty liver and hepatocellular carcinoma development. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/89169.

Council of Science Editors:

Chen Y. Dietary broccoli impedes Western diet-enhanced fatty liver and hepatocellular carcinoma development. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/89169

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

7. Smith, Joshua William. Dietary tomato carotenoids and β-carotene-15,15'- dioxygenase (Bco1) genotype alter androgen metabolism, lipid metabolism, and prostate cancer progression in mice.

Degree: PhD, Nutritional Sciences, 2016, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/90908

► β-carotene-15,15'-dioxygenase (BCO1) cleaves dietary carotenoids at the central 15,15' double bond, most notably acting on β-carotene to yield retinal. Much work has gone into the… (more)

▼ β-carotene-15,15'-dioxygenase (BCO1) cleaves dietary carotenoids at the central 15,15' double bond, most notably acting on β-carotene to yield retinal. Much work has gone into the description of enzymatic carotenoid cleavage activities of the enzyme, but although pleiotropic effects of Bco1 loss on lipid and cholesterol metabolism in vivo have occasionally been described, few investigators have reported extensively on this. Furthermore, given the intersections of lipid metabolism, cholesterol/steroid metabolism, and carotenoid transport and distribution, functions of BCO1 within these interdependent realms is of clear physiological relevance. Moreover, since observational data in humans have repeatedly demonstrated that tomato carotenoid intake is associated with a reduced risk of primary prostate cancer (PCa), fundamental knowledge of the role of BCO1 on steroid and lipid metabolism is imperative for proper interpretation of epidemiological and experimental data demonstrating a protective role of dietary tomato. Thus, using animal models, we sought to: elucidate the carotenoid cleavageindependent role of Bco1 on circulating testosterone and prostatic androgen signaling; determine the impact of Bco1 on lipid, cholesterol, and retinoid metabolism in the liver, a key organ in the metabolism and biodistribution of dietary carotenoids; and evaluate the effects of dietary tomato feeding in an animal model of PCa and determine its efficacy in preventing disease progression. In Chapter 2, using the Bco1-/- mouse model, we sought to probe the effects of Bco1 ablation on testicular steroidogenesis, serum testosterone levels, and prostatic androgen signaling. Male wild-type (WT) and Bco1-/- mice were raised on carotenoid-free AIN-93G diets before sacrifice between 10-14 weeks of age. We observed a significant reduction in serum testosterone levels due to Bco1-/- genotype, accompanied by significantly reduced weights of the prostate and seminal vesicles. This reduction in serum testosterone may have been driven by significant reductions in the expression of a testicular steroidogenic gene (Hsd17b3) and/or Leydig cell populations. Concomitantly, we observed reductions in markers of androgen signaling, proliferation, and cell cycle progression in the prostate. Together, these data support a hypothesis that Bco1-/- mice exhibit reduced testicular testosterone synthesis, concomitant with a lowering of circulating testosterone, resulting in depressed prostatic androgen signaling, proliferation, and organ weight. In Chapter 3, in order to further probe the impacts of Bco1 loss on lipid and retinoid metabolism, we again utilized the carotenoid-free Bco1-/- mouse model. We found that, first, adult male Bco1-/- mice accumulate 2-6-fold more hepatic retinyl esters than do WT mice and that this accumulation is highly dependent on developmental age, as juvenile mice demonstrated significant decreases in retinyl esters as a result of Bco1 loss. Additionally, patterns of hepatic lipid esterification are altered by Bco1 loss in adult… Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Erdman%2C%20John%20W%22%29&pagesize-30">Erdman, John W (advisor), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Jeffery%2C%20Elizabeth%20H%22%29&pagesize-30">Jeffery, Elizabeth H (Committee Chair), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Helferich%2C%20William%20G%22%29&pagesize-30">Helferich, William G (committee member), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Bolton%2C%20Eric%20C%22%29&pagesize-30">Bolton, Eric C (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: tomato; Bacon; prostate cancer; castration-resistant prostate cancer; carotenoids; lipid; retinoid; retinol; retinal ester; liver; hepatic; testosterone; androgen

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Smith, J. W. (2016). Dietary tomato carotenoids and β-carotene-15,15'- dioxygenase (Bco1) genotype alter androgen metabolism, lipid metabolism, and prostate cancer progression in mice. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/90908

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Smith, Joshua William. “Dietary tomato carotenoids and β-carotene-15,15'- dioxygenase (Bco1) genotype alter androgen metabolism, lipid metabolism, and prostate cancer progression in mice.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/90908.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Vancouver:

Smith JW. Dietary tomato carotenoids and β-carotene-15,15'- dioxygenase (Bco1) genotype alter androgen metabolism, lipid metabolism, and prostate cancer progression in mice. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/90908.

Council of Science Editors:

Smith JW. Dietary tomato carotenoids and β-carotene-15,15'- dioxygenase (Bco1) genotype alter androgen metabolism, lipid metabolism, and prostate cancer progression in mice. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/90908

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

8. Jeon, Sookyoung. Lutein and α-tocopherol biodistribution in animal models.

Degree: PhD, Nutritional Sciences, 2018, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/102886

► Carotenoids and vitamin E (α-Tocopherol; αT), the two most plentiful groups of lipophilic antioxidants in plants, serve important functions in the human body. The carotenoid… (more)

▼ Carotenoids and vitamin E (α-Tocopherol; αT), the two most plentiful groups of lipophilic antioxidants in plants, serve important functions in the human body. The carotenoid lutein is prevalent in green leafy vegetables and is one of the most abundant carotenoids in serum and tissues. Of particular interest for this thesis, lutein may have critical roles in visual and cognitive functions; αT may help maintain neurological health. Since neither component is endogenously synthesized by humans, their tissue deposition is solely determined by dietary sources. Accumulating evidence have shown that their selective accumulation can suggest their functional roles in tissues, especially in the eyes or brain. This dissertation sought to elucidate the bioavailability and tissue bioaccumulation of lutein and αT in appropriate animal models. In Chapter 2, we explored the bioaccumulation of lutein in infant rhesus macaques fed formulas with high or low levels of carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin, β-carotene and lycopene) for 4 months (n=2/group). All samples were analyzed by HPLC-PDA. This pilot study supports our hypothesis that the carotenoid-supplemented infant formula substantially enhanced lutein accumulation in various tissues. Since we used only a total of 4 animals and did not have a breastfed control group, we performed a larger study in Chapter 3. In Chapter 3, we investigated the bioaccumulation of lutein in infant rhesus macaques following breastfeeding or formula feeding. From birth to 6 months, male and female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) were either breastfed (n=8), fed a formula supplemented with lutein, zeaxanthin, β-carotene and lycopene (n=8), or fed a formula with low levels of these carotenoids (n=7). The levels of carotenoids in serum and tissues were analyzed by HPLC-PDA. Breastfed infant rhesus macaques demonstrated higher lutein concentrations in serum and brain regions, retina, and other tissues than in formula-fed monkeys, despite similar lutein concentrations in the breast milk and carotenoid supplemented formula. Carotenoid supplementation in infant formula enhanced lutein deposition in serum and multiple tissues including all examined brain areas, but not in the macular retina. In Chapter 4, we asked if the enhanced lutein bioaccumulation in retina (macula and periphery) and brain (occipital cortex and cerebellum) of breastfed, compared to formula-fed, infant monkeys was associated with higher levels of serum total and HDL cholesterol, apolipoproteins, or mRNA/protein expression of carotenoid-related genes (CD36, SCARB1, SCARB2, LDLR, STARD3, GSTP1, BCO1, BCO2, or RPE65). Dietary regimen did not impact the expression of carotenoid-related genes except for SCARB2. However, carotenoid-related genes were differentially expressed across brain and retina regions. Breastfed infants had higher serum total and HDL cholesterol, and apolipoproteins than formula-fed infants, suggesting that lipoprotein levels might be important for delivering lutein to tissues, especially the macular retina, during… Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Erdman%2C%20John%20W.%22%29&pagesize-30">Erdman, John W. (advisor), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Jeffery%2C%20Elizabeth%20H.%22%29&pagesize-30">Jeffery, Elizabeth H. (Committee Chair), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Nakamura%2C%20Manabu%20T.%22%29&pagesize-30">Nakamura, Manabu T. (committee member), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Johnson%2C%20Elizabeth%20J%22%29&pagesize-30">Johnson, Elizabeth J (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: lutein; α-tocopherol; biodistribution

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Jeon, S. (2018). Lutein and α-tocopherol biodistribution in animal models. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/102886

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jeon, Sookyoung. “Lutein and α-tocopherol biodistribution in animal models.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/102886.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jeon, Sookyoung. “Lutein and α-tocopherol biodistribution in animal models.” 2018. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Jeon S. Lutein and α-tocopherol biodistribution in animal models. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/102886.

Council of Science Editors:

Jeon S. Lutein and α-tocopherol biodistribution in animal models. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/102886

9. Rowles III, Joe Lee. The role of tomato and lycopene consumption on prostate carcinogenesis and prostate cancer treatment.

Degree: PhD, Nutritional Sciences, 2020, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/107997

► Prostate cancer (PCa) is most commonly diagnosed cancer among men in the United States. Following PCa diagnosis, men often seek information about foods and supplements… (more)

▼ Prostate cancer (PCa) is most commonly diagnosed cancer among men in the United States. Following PCa diagnosis, men often seek information about foods and supplements that may improve their response to therapies, quality of life and survival. Tomatoes and their primary bioactive (lycopene) are one of the most researched foods that have the potential to reduce prostate carcinogenesis. Currently, the majority of the literature has been observational epidemiological literature with inconsistent results. Although preventing PCa is preferable to treating PCa, patients seeking information about foods and supplements might already have cancer. Importantly, the prostate microenvironment is not the same prior to cancer initiation, during PCa promotion/ progression, and during treatment. As a result, we sought to clarify the epidemiological associations between tomatoes (and lycopene) and PCa incidence, and to evaluate the role of tomato feeding in an animal model that was undergoing two common treatment approaches. In Chapter 2, we evaluated the associations between tomatoes and PCa incidence. In this meta-analysis, we found that increased tomato consumption was associated with a reduced risk of PCa (RR=0.81, 95% CI =0.71-0.92, p=0.001). This finding was supported by dose-responses for several types of tomato products. In particular, it was observed that bioavailability of lycopene was important. Raw tomato consumption was not associated with a decreased risk of PCa (p=0.487), while cooked tomatoes and sauces (sources with high lycopene bioavailability) were associated with a decreased risk of PCa (p=0.029). In Chapter 3, we evaluated associations between lycopene and PCa incidence. Similar to the whole food product, increased lycopene consumption and blood concentrations were associated with a decreased risk of PCa. These associations were also supported by dose-response associations. From the dietary meta-analysis in Chapter 2, there was an estimated 9% reduced risk for 100 grams/week of cooked tomato. For an equivalent dose of lycopene (22 mg lycopene in 100 grams of tomato puree according to the USDA Nutrient Database), tomatoes were more effective than lycopene at reducing PCa risk (9% compared to 1.6%). The greater benefit from tomato products may be due to interactions between potentially beneficial bioactive compounds in tomatoes. These meta-analyses support the hypothesis that tomato products or lycopene reduce prostate carcinogenesis. In Chapter 4, we aimed to determine whether dietary lyophilized tomato powder (TP) or lycopene would be capable of affecting the growth of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). This aggressive and often lethal stage of PCa occurs after the prostate tumor acquires mutations to sustain growth despite androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). We hypothesized that tomato or lycopene products would reduce the emergence of CRPC. To test this hypothesis, TRansgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) mice were castrated at 12-13 weeks of age to model ADT, and the emergence of… Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Erdman%2C%20John%20W%22%29&pagesize-30">Erdman, John W (advisor), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Jeffery%2C%20Elizabeth%20H%22%29&pagesize-30">Jeffery, Elizabeth H (Committee Chair), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22O%27Brien%2C%20William%20D%22%29&pagesize-30">O'Brien, William D (committee member), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Bolton%2C%20Eric%20C%22%29&pagesize-30">Bolton, Eric C (committee member), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Amengual%20Terrasa%2C%20Jaime%22%29&pagesize-30">Amengual Terrasa, Jaime (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Carotenoids; lycopene; prostate cancer; prostate cancer treatment; prostate carcinogenesis

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Rowles III, J. L. (2020). The role of tomato and lycopene consumption on prostate carcinogenesis and prostate cancer treatment. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/107997

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Rowles III, Joe Lee. “The role of tomato and lycopene consumption on prostate carcinogenesis and prostate cancer treatment.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/107997.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Rowles III, Joe Lee. “The role of tomato and lycopene consumption on prostate carcinogenesis and prostate cancer treatment.” 2020. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Rowles III JL. The role of tomato and lycopene consumption on prostate carcinogenesis and prostate cancer treatment. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/107997.

Council of Science Editors:

Rowles III JL. The role of tomato and lycopene consumption on prostate carcinogenesis and prostate cancer treatment. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/107997

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

10. Zuniga, Krystle. Dietary interventions for reduction of prostate carcinogenesis in rodent models.

Degree: PhD, 0191, 2013, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/44765

► Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer and cancer related deaths in U.S. men; thus, identifying strategies to reduce PCa incidence could… (more)

▼ Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer and cancer related deaths in U.S. men; thus, identifying strategies to reduce PCa incidence could have a significant impact on public health. Epidemiological studies have supported the hypotheses that dietary intake of soy foods or tomato products is associated with a reduced risk of PCa. The efficacy of combinations of foods and bioactives for enhanced health benefits is of clinical interest, but the interactions between foods rich in bioactives for the inhibition of PCa are largely unknown. To evaluate the bioavailability of tomato carotenoids and soy germ isoflavones when consumed alone or together, male Copenhagen rats were randomized to consume: AIN-93G control, 10% tomato powder (TP), 2% soy germ (SG) or 10% tomato powder + 2% soy germ (TP+SG) for 7 days or 25 weeks. In the 7-day trial, rats consuming TP+SG had significantly lower serum phytoene, phytofluene, and lycopene compared to rats consuming TP alone (p<0.05). In the 25-week trial, lycopene bioaccumulation was significantly lower in the testes, seminal vesicles and ventral prostate of rats that consumed TP+SG compared to TP alone (p<0.05). Reduced carotenoid bioaccumulation was not explained by mRNA expression of scavenger receptor class B type I (a protein involved in carotenoid absorption) or carotenoid metabolizing enzymes in the prostate, liver or duodenal mucosa. Hepatic lipid accumulation and serum cholesterol were not significantly different between groups, suggesting that differences in carotenoid bioaccumulation were likely not due to effects on intestinal micellerization or lipid absorption. Significantly higher urinary isoflavone excretion in the TP+SG group compared to the SG group was not explained by differences in activity or expression of hepatic detoxification enzymes. Soy isoflavones and tomato carotenoids have distinctly different mechanisms of absorption, yet, long-term combined consumption of TP+SG resulted in reduced carotenoid bioaccumulation and increased urinary isoflavone excretion than when each food was consumed separately. After identifying a food-food interaction in the bioavailability study, the efficacy of dietary tomato and soy germ, alone and in combination, for the inhibition of PCa was evaluated in the TRAMP model of PCa. At 4 weeks of age, male TRAMP mice were randomized to consume: AIN-93G control, 10% TP, 2% SG or TP+SG for 14 weeks. Serum and testicular lycopene concentrations were significantly lower in TP+SG fed mice compared to mice fed TP alone, supporting our previous finding of reduction of carotenoid bioavailability by consumption of SG. Equol, produced from the metabolism of daidzein by intestinal microbiota, was the predominant isoflavone in the serum and prostate in SG fed mice. 100% of mice fed the control diet had PCa, while PCa incidence was significantly lower in mice consuming TP (61%, p<0.001), SG (66%, p<0.001) and TP+SG (45%, p<0.001). Although the protection offered by the combination of TP and SG was not synergistic, it was… Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Erdman%2C%20John%20W.%22%29&pagesize-30">Erdman, John W. (advisor), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22de%20Mejia%2C%20Elvira%20G.%22%29&pagesize-30">de Mejia, Elvira G. (Committee Chair), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Erdman%2C%20John%20W.%22%29&pagesize-30">Erdman, John W. (committee member), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Jeffery%2C%20Elizabeth%20H.%22%29&pagesize-30">Jeffery, Elizabeth H. (committee member), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Wallig%2C%20Matthew%20A.%22%29&pagesize-30">Wallig, Matthew A. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: prostate cancer; tomato; soy; lycopene; isoflavones; animal models; broccoli

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Zuniga, K. (2013). Dietary interventions for reduction of prostate carcinogenesis in rodent models. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/44765

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zuniga, Krystle. “Dietary interventions for reduction of prostate carcinogenesis in rodent models.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/44765.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zuniga, Krystle. “Dietary interventions for reduction of prostate carcinogenesis in rodent models.” 2013. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Zuniga K. Dietary interventions for reduction of prostate carcinogenesis in rodent models. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/44765.

Council of Science Editors:

Zuniga K. Dietary interventions for reduction of prostate carcinogenesis in rodent models. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/44765

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

11. Ku, Kang Mo. Enhancing human health promoting activity through the regulation of the methyl jasmonate mediated glucosinolate biosynthesis in Brassica oleracea.

Degree: PhD, 0030, 2013, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/45560

► Brassica oleracea vegetables are recognized as functional foods that contain various phytochemicals such as glucosinolates (GS) and flavonoids that have health-promoting bioactivity. Recent data suggest… (more)

▼ Brassica oleracea vegetables are recognized as functional foods that contain various phytochemicals such as glucosinolates (GS) and flavonoids that have health-promoting bioactivity. Recent data suggest that methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA) can increase concentrations of GS and polyphenolics in Brassica plants. In Chapter 2 tissue/organ specific responses to MeJA treatments were investigated in five cultivars of broccoli and two cultivars of kale in field plots over two years, MeJA treatments significantly increased total phenolics and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) antioxidant activity of kale leaf tissues, but had no effect on phenolics of broccoli florets. Correlation of growing degree days, precipitation per day and solar radiation with phenolic concentrations suggest that these weather related factors are associated with the enhancement of phenolics and tissue ABTS antioxidant activity. In order to evaluate if MeJA treatment can enhance induction of quinone reductase activity, an anticancer biomarker of broccoli floret extracts, MeJA treatments were applied to five broccoli cultivars in each of two years under field conditions (Chapter 3). Sulforaphane, phenethyl isothiocyanate, and hydrolysis products derived from neoglucobrassicin were significantly increased by MeJA treatment. Sulforaphane, N-methoxyindole-3-carbinol (NI3C), and neoascorbigen showed significant correlations with QR activity in hydrolysed broccoli extracts. Although sulforaphane is a known QR inducer, there is only one published report about QR activity of hydrolysis products of neoglucobrassicin (Haack et al., 2010). The concentration required for doubling specific QR activity (CD value) was calculated to be 35 and 38 µM for NI3C and neoascorbigen, respectively. The CD value of sulforaphane was previously estimated to be 0.2 µM. Given the QR inducing potency and increased amount of isothiocyanate hydrolysis product from glucoraphanin, sulforaphane is considered to be the major contributor to QR inductive activity of MeJA treated broccoli florets. Chapter 4 reports that MeJA spray treatments were applied to the kale varieties ‘Dwarf Blue Curled Vates’ and ‘Red Winter’ in replicated field plantings in 2010 and 2011, to investigate alteration of the GS composition in the harvested leaf tissue. The MeJA treatment significantly increased gluconasturtiin (56%), glucobrassicin (98%), and neoglucobrassicin (150%) concentrations in the apical leaf tissue of these genotypes for both season. Induction of quinone reductase (QR) activity was significantly increased by the extracts from the leaf tissue of these two cultivars. There were significant year and year by genotype interactions in the concentrations of GS and QR activity. To determine the relationship between GS hydrolysis products and QR activity, a range of concentrations of MeJA sprays were applied to kale leaf tissues of both cultivars in 2011. Correlation analysis of these results indicated that sulforaphane, NI3C, neoascorbigen, I3C, and diindolylmethane… Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Juvik%2C%20John%20A.%22%29&pagesize-30">Juvik, John A. (advisor), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Juvik%2C%20John%20A.%22%29&pagesize-30">Juvik, John A. (Committee Chair), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Jeffery%2C%20Elizabeth%20H.%22%29&pagesize-30">Jeffery, Elizabeth H. (committee member), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Kushad%2C%20Mosbah%20M.%22%29&pagesize-30">Kushad, Mosbah M. (committee member), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Briskin%2C%20Donald%20P.%22%29&pagesize-30">Briskin, Donald P. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Brassica oleracea; Glucosinolate; Flavonoid; Quinone reductase; Antioxidant activity; Pre-harvest; Post-harvest; Methyl jasmonate (MeJa); Broccoli; Kale; Cauliflower

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ku, K. M. (2013). Enhancing human health promoting activity through the regulation of the methyl jasmonate mediated glucosinolate biosynthesis in Brassica oleracea. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/45560

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ku, Kang Mo. “Enhancing human health promoting activity through the regulation of the methyl jasmonate mediated glucosinolate biosynthesis in Brassica oleracea.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/45560.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ku, Kang Mo. “Enhancing human health promoting activity through the regulation of the methyl jasmonate mediated glucosinolate biosynthesis in Brassica oleracea.” 2013. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Ku KM. Enhancing human health promoting activity through the regulation of the methyl jasmonate mediated glucosinolate biosynthesis in Brassica oleracea. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/45560.

Council of Science Editors:

Ku KM. Enhancing human health promoting activity through the regulation of the methyl jasmonate mediated glucosinolate biosynthesis in Brassica oleracea. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/45560

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

12. Johnson, Jodee. Molecular mechanisms of bioactive compounds in fruits and vegetables that inhibit pancreatic cancer and their relationship with inflammation.

Degree: PhD, 0191, 2013, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/45635

► For all stages of pancreatic cancer, the 5-year survival rate from the time of diagnosis is 6%, with the median survival rate being only 6… (more)

▼ For all stages of pancreatic cancer, the 5-year survival rate from the time of diagnosis is 6%, with the median survival rate being only 6 months. This poor prognosis for pancreatic cancer is due to its aggressive nature and, too frequently, to its late diagnosis due to the absence of clinical symptoms at early stages in this disease. A potential therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer is the serine/threonine kinase glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) that is known to translocate into the nuclei of pancreatic cancer cells and act as a key regulator of NF-κB transcriptional activity. The constitutively active NF-κB resulting from misregulation of this signaling cascade is an essential component in the progression and tumorigenic properties of this disease. Fruit and vegetable bioactive compounds have the potential to be used as therapeutic agents for pancreatic cancer due to their anti-oxidant, -carcinogenic, -inflammatory, -proliferation and -progression properties. The objective of this research was to examine the effect of bioactive compounds present in fruits and vegetables on pancreatic cancer proliferation, apoptosis, and the role of the GSK-3β/NF-κB signaling pathway using in vitro and in vivo models. In aim 1, we evaluated the ability of fruit and vegetable bioactive compounds (flavonoids, limonoids, phenolic acids and ascorbic acid) to bind within GSK-3β's catalytic site and inhibit its activity using an in vitro enzymatic assay and computational modeling. Of the 22 bioactive compounds tested, the flavonoids luteolin, apigenin, and quercetin had the highest inhibitory effects on GSK-3β activity, with 50% inhibitory values of 1.5, 1.9, and 2.0 µM, respectively. Molecular dockings were then performed to determine the potential interactions of each flavonoid with GSK-3β. Luteolin, apigenin and quercetin were predicted to fit within the binding pocket of GSK-3β with low interaction energies (-76.4, -76.1, and -84.6 kcal•mol-1, respectively). Our results indicated that several flavonoids inhibit GSK-3β activity and suggest that these have potential to suppress the growth of pancreatic tumors. In aim 2, we tested the inhibitory potential of fruit and vegetable bioactive compounds on the proliferation of BxPC-3 and PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells, in vitro, and gene and protein expressions of molecular markers in the GSK-3β/NF-κB signaling pathway. Of the 22 bioactive compounds tested, apigenin and luteolin were the most effective at inhibiting pancreatic cancer cell proliferation (IC50 = 23 and 31 µM for BXPC-3 cells, respectively, and IC50 = 71 and 90 µM for PANC-1 cells, respectively, for 24 h). Further investigation with apigenin into the molecular mechanism by which these flavonoids induced pancreatic cell death demonstrated that it was through the GSK-3β/NF-κB signaling pathway. Apigenin arrested cell cycle at G2/M phase (36% and 32% at 50 µM for BxPC-3 and PANC-1, respectively) with concomitant decrease in the expression of cyclin B1. Apigenin activated the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis (44% and 14%… Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Gonzalez%20de%20Mejia%2C%20Elvira%22%29&pagesize-30">Gonzalez de Mejia, Elvira (advisor), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Jeffery%2C%20Elizabeth%20H.%22%29&pagesize-30">Jeffery, Elizabeth H. (Committee Chair), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Gonzalez%20de%20Mejia%2C%20Elvira%22%29&pagesize-30">Gonzalez de Mejia, Elvira (committee member), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Schuler%2C%20Mary%20A.%22%29&pagesize-30">Schuler, Mary A. (committee member), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Nakamura%2C%20Manabu%20T.%22%29&pagesize-30">Nakamura, Manabu T. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Flavonoids; Apigenin; Luteolin; Pancreatic cancer; GSK-3β; NF-κB

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Johnson, J. (2013). Molecular mechanisms of bioactive compounds in fruits and vegetables that inhibit pancreatic cancer and their relationship with inflammation. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/45635

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Johnson, Jodee. “Molecular mechanisms of bioactive compounds in fruits and vegetables that inhibit pancreatic cancer and their relationship with inflammation.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/45635.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Johnson, Jodee. “Molecular mechanisms of bioactive compounds in fruits and vegetables that inhibit pancreatic cancer and their relationship with inflammation.” 2013. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Johnson J. Molecular mechanisms of bioactive compounds in fruits and vegetables that inhibit pancreatic cancer and their relationship with inflammation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/45635.

Council of Science Editors:

Johnson J. Molecular mechanisms of bioactive compounds in fruits and vegetables that inhibit pancreatic cancer and their relationship with inflammation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/45635

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

13. Ford, Nikki A. Carotenoid metabolism in mice and prostate cancer risk.

Degree: PhD, 0191, 2011, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/18540

► Prostate cancer is the second most abundant cancer with a 32% mortality rate world-wide. Epidemiological studies suggest an inverse relationship between risk of prostate cancer… (more)

▼ Prostate cancer is the second most abundant cancer with a 32% mortality rate world-wide. Epidemiological studies suggest an inverse relationship between risk of prostate cancer and intake of tomato products or higher blood levels of lycopene. ??-carotene is centrally cleaved by carotene monoxygenase I (CMO-I) to form vitamin A and further metabolism results in formation of retinoic acid and other retinoids. The metabolism of ??-carotene has been extensively studied, but very little is known about the metabolism of other carotenoids. We and others have hypothesized that other acyclic carotenoids, like lycopene, are eccentrically cleaved by carotene monoxygenase II (CMO-II). Like retinoids, we propose that carotenoid metabolites produced by CMO-II enzymatic cleavage are bioactive at small concentrations in tissues. The primary aims of this proposal were to delineate tissue specific expression of CMO-I and CMO-II and evaluate resulting carotenoid bioaccumulation in CMO-I KO, CMO-II KO, and wild-type mice. Secondly, we investigated the effects of lycopene metabolties on human prostate cancer cells, in vitro. Thirdly, we investigated the effects of carotenoid metabolism in CMO-I KO, CMO-II KO, and WT mice on sex steroid hormone status. Lycopene preferentially accumulated in CMO-II KO mice while ??-carotene preferentially accumulated in CMO-I KO mice. Phytofluene and phytoene accumulation was not altered by genotype. Together these data suggest that lycopene is eccentrically metabolized by CMO-II and ??-carotene is centrally metabolized to retinal by CMO-I. Phytoene and phytofluene may not be substrates for either CMO-I or CMO-II cleavage or did not accumulate in high enough concentrations in the liver to induce cleavage by these enzymes. We also report that the mRNA expression of CMO-I and CMO-II were not altered by the carotenoid-containing diets used in iii our studies. Interestingly, serum and testes testosterone were reduced and related sex steroid metabolizing genes were altered in CMO-I KO mice. We hypothesize that due to induced expression of CMO-II in the testes of CMO-I KO mice that lycopenoids are at least in part responsible for these effects. Lastly, we demonstrate anti-proliferative effects of the lycopene-metabolite, apo-12???-lycopenal in androgen-dependent DU145 prostate cancer cells. Overall, our findings provide support for previous in vitro data to suggest that lycopene is metabolized by the CMO-II enzyme, in vivo. Furthermore, we have evidence to suggest that lycopene metabolites reduce proliferation of prostate cancer cells in vitro and may beneficially alter sex steroid status in mice. Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Erdman%2C%20John%20W.%22%29&pagesize-30">Erdman, John W. (advisor), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Nakamura%2C%20Manabu%20T.%22%29&pagesize-30">Nakamura, Manabu T. (Committee Chair), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Erdman%2C%20John%20W.%22%29&pagesize-30">Erdman, John W. (committee member), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Drackley%2C%20James%20K.%22%29&pagesize-30">Drackley, James K. (committee member), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Jeffery%2C%20Elizabeth%20H.%22%29&pagesize-30">Jeffery, Elizabeth H. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: lycopene; carotenoid; prostate cancer; androgen; estrogen

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ford, N. A. (2011). Carotenoid metabolism in mice and prostate cancer risk. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/18540

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ford, Nikki A. “Carotenoid metabolism in mice and prostate cancer risk.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/18540.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ford, Nikki A. “Carotenoid metabolism in mice and prostate cancer risk.” 2011. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Ford NA. Carotenoid metabolism in mice and prostate cancer risk. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/18540.

Council of Science Editors:

Ford NA. Carotenoid metabolism in mice and prostate cancer risk. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/18540

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

14. Puangpraphant, Sirima. Anti-inflammatory and anti-colon cancer potential of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hilaire) bioactive constituents.

Degree: PhD, 0037, 2012, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/29589

► Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.) tea is growing in popularity around the world and contains several classes of constituents mainly caffeoyl derivatives, xanthines, flavonoids and… (more)

▼ Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.) tea is growing in popularity around the world and contains several classes of constituents mainly caffeoyl derivatives, xanthines, flavonoids and triterpenoid saponins that have been associated with cancer prevention. However, which constituents of yerba mate are involved in the protective effects against colon carcinogenesis is not clearly understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the dietary prevention of colon carcinogenesis by identifying novel constituents in yerba mate. The first aim was to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory effect of yerba mate tea (MT) extracts, its constituents and their interactions in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. MT extract, decaffeinated MT extract, chlorogenic acid (CHA), caffeine from MT (matein), mate saponins, quercetin, ursolic and oleanolic acids were tested by measuring their ability to inhibit COX-2/PGE2 and iNOS/NO pathways. Quercetin was the most potent inhibitor of pro-inflammatory responses at a concentration 10 times lower than the concentrations used of other compounds (IC50 = 11.6 ??M for NO, 7.9 ??M for iNOS, and 6.5 ??M for PGE2). Mate saponins (IC50 = 20 ??M) and oleanolic acid (IC50 = 80 ??M) significantly inhibited iNOS/NO pathways, whereas ursolic acid showed low or no inhibition at 100 ??M. Combination of quercetin/ mate saponins (0.001:0.004, molar ratio) resulted in synergistic interaction inhibiting both NO and PGE2 production and suppressed IL-6 and IL-1?? production, which resulted in inhibition of nuclear translocation of NF-??B. MT extract did not have a potent anti-inflammatory effect, perhaps due to the antagonistic effect of some of its components. However, whole MT consumption still has a promising anti-inflammatory outcome mainly through the PGE2/COX-2 pathway. The second aim was to quantify and purify constituents from yerba mate that are not commercially available and assess their anti-inflammatory and anti-colon cancer capabilities in vitro. Matesaponins were partially purified and quantified by preparative chromatography, HPLC and LC/ESI-MS-MS. Yerba mate contained 10???15 mg/g dry weight total saponins. Mate saponins significantly inhibited iNOS, PGE2 and COX-2 and reduced nuclear translocation of NF- ??B subunits p50 (49.8%) and p65 (49.0%). Mate saponins inhibited cell proliferation of HT-29 (IC50 = 201.8 ??M) and RKO (IC50 = 181.0 ??M), arrested cells at G1 to S phase through upregulating p21 and p27 proteins, caused cells to undergo apoptosis through an increase of the ratio of Bax:Bcl-2 protein expression and activated caspase-3 activity. Mate saponins induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity in human colorectal cancer cells independent of p53 status due to the capability of induction of p53 in mutated p53 cells (HT-29). Mate saponins have potent chemopreventive properties and they specifically upregulated the p53 cascade. Dicaffeoylquinic acids (diCQAs) were purified from yerba mate using flash chromatography, resulting in two fractions one containing 3,4- and 3,5-diCQAs and… Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22de%20Mejia%2C%20Elvira%20G.%22%29&pagesize-30">de Mejia, Elvira G. (advisor), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Jeffery%2C%20Elizabeth%20H.%22%29&pagesize-30">Jeffery, Elizabeth H. (Committee Chair), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22de%20Mejia%2C%20Elvira%20G.%22%29&pagesize-30">de Mejia, Elvira G. (committee member), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Chen%2C%20Hong%22%29&pagesize-30">Chen, Hong (committee member), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Seigler%2C%20David%20S.%22%29&pagesize-30">Seigler, David S. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Yerba mate (Ilex paraguarienesis); anti-inflammation; colon cancer

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Puangpraphant, S. (2012). Anti-inflammatory and anti-colon cancer potential of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hilaire) bioactive constituents. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/29589

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Puangpraphant, Sirima. “Anti-inflammatory and anti-colon cancer potential of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hilaire) bioactive constituents.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/29589.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Puangpraphant, Sirima. “Anti-inflammatory and anti-colon cancer potential of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hilaire) bioactive constituents.” 2012. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Puangpraphant S. Anti-inflammatory and anti-colon cancer potential of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hilaire) bioactive constituents. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/29589.

Council of Science Editors:

Puangpraphant S. Anti-inflammatory and anti-colon cancer potential of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hilaire) bioactive constituents. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/29589

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

15. Becker, Talon M. The glucosinolate/myrosinase system: variation in glucosinolates, hydrolysis products, transcript abundance, and quinone reductase bioactivity in Brassica sp. crops.

Degree: PhD, Crop Sciences, 2015, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/89184

► Glucosinolates, and more specifically their hydrolysis products, are secondary metabolites present in Brassica crops that are important for plant defense from insects and pathogens. In… (more)

▼ Glucosinolates, and more specifically their hydrolysis products, are secondary metabolites present in Brassica crops that are important for plant defense from insects and pathogens. In addition, these compounds have long been associated with anti-cancer activity in mammals through the induction of phase II detoxification enzymes, among other mechanisms. For this reason, the improvement of anti-cancer activity through selective breeding of edible plants that produce glucosinolates, such as the Brassica, has gained in popularity as a breeding objective. In this research we survey variation in glucosinolate and glucosinolate hydrolysis product profiles as well as anti-cancer activity in a range of Brassica crops in an attempt to identify differences, if any, in the underlying agents of anti-cancer activity in these crops. Also, we have investigated how environmental effects and interactions between the environment and genetic background of the plant influence glucosinolates, their hydrolysis products, and anti-cancer activity in an attempt to better understand the feasibility of breeding for anti-cancer activity. It was found that environmental effects on anti-cancer activity may be too great to allow for direct breeding for this trait. However, the data suggest that breeding for individual GSs and GSHPs known to influence anti-cancer activity is feasible. With this is in mind, predictive models were built using gene transcript abundance data for genes associated with the glucosinolate/myrosinase system in an attempt to predict final phytochemical phenotypes in broccoli. It was found that models built using gene transcript abundance as predictors delivered satisfactory predictive ability for phytochemical phenotypes collected in the same growing season as the transcript abundance data, but that ability did not hold across growing seasons, at least in the two growing seasons associated with this study. Lastly, we examined the effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) elicitation on the transcript levels of glucosinolate/myrosinase system genes in broccoli. MeJA treatment showed significant effects on transcript abundance for a number of the surveyed genes, although varietal and environmental effects also influenced transcriptional response to MeJA. Also, many genes showed positive and negative dosage responses in transcript abundance to increasing concentrations of MeJA within the cultivar Green Magic grown in 2010. Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Juvik%2C%20John%20A%22%29&pagesize-30">Juvik, John A (advisor), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Juvik%2C%20John%20A%22%29&pagesize-30">Juvik, John A (Committee Chair), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Jeffery%2C%20Elizabeth%20H%22%29&pagesize-30">Jeffery, Elizabeth H (committee member), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Huber%2C%20Steven%20C%22%29&pagesize-30">Huber, Steven C (committee member), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Briskin%2C%20Donald%20P%22%29&pagesize-30">Briskin, Donald P (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Glucosinolate; Myrosinase; Quinone reductase (QR); NAD(P)H quinone reductase 1 (NQO1); Methyl jasmonate (MeJa)

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Becker, T. M. (2015). The glucosinolate/myrosinase system: variation in glucosinolates, hydrolysis products, transcript abundance, and quinone reductase bioactivity in Brassica sp. crops. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/89184

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Becker, Talon M. “The glucosinolate/myrosinase system: variation in glucosinolates, hydrolysis products, transcript abundance, and quinone reductase bioactivity in Brassica sp. crops.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/89184.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Vancouver:

Becker TM. The glucosinolate/myrosinase system: variation in glucosinolates, hydrolysis products, transcript abundance, and quinone reductase bioactivity in Brassica sp. crops. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/89184.

Council of Science Editors:

Becker TM. The glucosinolate/myrosinase system: variation in glucosinolates, hydrolysis products, transcript abundance, and quinone reductase bioactivity in Brassica sp. crops. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/89184

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

16. Wang, Yanling. Improving sulforaphane bioavailability from cooked broccoli.

Degree: PhD, Food Science & Human Nutrition, 2019, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/104733

► Broccoli is a nutritious food containing many macro- and micro-nutrients. Most consumers prefer cooked broccoli (CB); unfortunately, the enzyme myrosinase is inactivated by heat, resulting… (more)

▼ Broccoli is a nutritious food containing many macro- and micro-nutrients. Most consumers prefer cooked broccoli (CB); unfortunately, the enzyme myrosinase is inactivated by heat, resulting in the failure of glucoraphanin (GRP) hydrolysis to sulforaphane (SF), the potent anti-cancer compound in broccoli. Certain unknown bacteria in the gut microbiota also have myrosinase-like activities that can hydrolyze GRP and release bioactive SF. However, the activity from bacteria is low compared to that from plant. The overall objective of this study is to identify ways to improve SF formation and absorption (bioavailability) from CB, through better understanding the mechanism. Our first hypothesis was that frequent intake of CB would enrich the bacteria that contain myrosinase-like activity, therefore enhancing SF bioavailability and bioactivity. Our data show that no less than 4 days of CB diet greatly alters the cecal microbiota composition in rats, and increases the myrosinase-like activity of cecal microbiota ex vivo. Increased colonocyte NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 activity (one marker of SF bioactivity) in rats fed with no less than 7 days of a CB diet also indicates enhanced SF bioactivity by frequent intake of CB. The myrosinase-like activity of cecal microbiota is lost when the 4 day CB diet was switched back to a control diet for an additional 3 days, suggesting that the increase in SF bioavailability requires intake of CB on a daily basis. Whether the myrosinase-like activity or the abundance of the myrosinase-containing bacteria is induced by a CB diet remains unknown and needs to be further investigated. In the next study, we compared the effect of frequent intake of CB and raw broccoli (RB) in prevention of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Our data show that frequent intake of a CB diet is as effective as a RB diet in lessening damage by DSS, evidenced by a decreased disease activity index, attenuated colon length shrinkage, less endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) leakage into blood, and less severe colon lesions as assessed by histopathology. Intriguingly, mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines indicated that broccoli anti-inflammatory action may be through inhibition of the IL-6 trans-signaling pathway, as evidenced by reversal of the DSS-increased expression of IL-6, CCR2 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1). Our next hypothesis was that the quercetin-3-O-sophoroside (QS), the major flavonoid in broccoli, could improve the bioavailability of SF from CB, by modifying the gut microbiota composition. Because no literature existed on health-related properties of QS, we considered that it was essential to first understand the disposition of QS per se. Our data show that QS is absorbed intact in the small intestine and partly methylated to isorhamnetin sophoroside (methylated QS). No quercetin aglycone or its typical phase II metabolites were observed. With this important piece of information about where and how QS is absorbed and metabolized, future studies will be able to… Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Jeffery%2C%20Elizabeth%20H%22%29&pagesize-30">Jeffery, Elizabeth H (advisor), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Miller%2C%20Michael%20J%22%29&pagesize-30">Miller, Michael J (Committee Chair), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Juvik%2C%20John%20A%22%29&pagesize-30">Juvik, John A (committee member), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Madak-Erdogan%2C%20Zeynep%22%29&pagesize-30">Madak-Erdogan, Zeynep (committee member), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Berhow%2C%20Mark%20A%22%29&pagesize-30">Berhow, Mark A (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: sulforaphane; cooked broccoli; microbiota; inflammation; quercetin-3-O-sophoroside

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Wang, Y. (2019). Improving sulforaphane bioavailability from cooked broccoli. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/104733

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wang, Yanling. “Improving sulforaphane bioavailability from cooked broccoli.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/104733.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wang, Yanling. “Improving sulforaphane bioavailability from cooked broccoli.” 2019. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Wang Y. Improving sulforaphane bioavailability from cooked broccoli. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/104733.

Council of Science Editors:

Wang Y. Improving sulforaphane bioavailability from cooked broccoli. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/104733

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

17. Liu, Ann G. Enrichment of tomatoes and broccoli with specific bioactives for the reduction of prostate carcinogenesis.

Degree: PhD, 0191, 2011, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/26106

► Epidemiological studies have linked high consumption of tomatoes and cruciferous vegetables to decreased risk of prostate cancer. Several bioactive components isolated from cruciferous vegetables and… (more)

▼ Epidemiological studies have linked high consumption of tomatoes and cruciferous vegetables to decreased risk of prostate cancer. Several bioactive components isolated from cruciferous vegetables and tomatoes exhibit anti-cancer properties. Previous studies have evaluated the cancer preventive potential of these individual bioactives, but few have examined them within the context of a whole food. In a pilot study to evaluate bioactivity of different tomato and broccoli powders, male Copenhagen rats were fed diets containing 10% standard tomato powder, tomato enriched with lycopene or total carotenoids, standard broccoli floret, broccoli sprouts, or broccoli enriched with indole glucosinolates or selenium for 7 days. All broccoli diets increased activity of colon quinone reductase (NQO1). Indole glucosinolate-enriched broccoli and selenium-enriched broccoli increased hepatic NQO1 and cytochrome P450 1A activity (P < 0.05). Different tomato diets resulted in altered hepatic accumulation of lycopene, phytofluene, and phytoene. These results demonstrate that the bioactive content of vegetables affects both tissue content of bioactives and activity of detoxification enzymes. Enhancing bioactive content of tomatoes and broccoli may enhance efficacy in the prevention of prostate cancer. Based on the results of this pilot study, our next objective was to determine if standard broccoli or the indole glucosinolate-enriched (IG) broccoli, would impact prostate carcinogenesis in the aggressive TRAMP model. Male mice were randomized into 3 diet groups at 5-7 weeks of age: AIN-93G control, 10% control broccoli powder, or 10% IG broccoli powder. Diets were fed throughout the study until termination at 20 weeks of age, with no differences in body weight or food intake observed between groups. There were no differences between groups in genitourinary tract weight, a surrogate marker of tumor volume, and no differences were found in cancer grade upon histopathologic evaluation indicating that broccoli feeding did not impact cancer aggressiveness. The horticultural manipulation of broccoli to alter phytochemical concentration is a feasible approach to optimizing the potential for cancer prevention, yet optimal patterns of phytochemicals remain to be characterized. To assess potential epigenetic effects of lycopene, we examined the effects of lycopene and its metabolite, apo-10’-lycopenal, on methylation of the GSTP1 promoter in LNCaP cells. GSTP1 is hypermethylated in >90% of prostate cancers, which results in complete silencing of the gene. Neither lycopene nor apo-10’-lycopenal altered mRNA expression or DNA methylation of GSTP1 indicating that lycopene is not an effective demethylating agent for this gene in this particular prostate cancer cell line. It remains to be seen if lycopene has epigenetic effects on other genes or in other cell lines. Overall we have demonstrated that the bioactive content of tomatoes and broccoli can be altered through agronomic means, but optimal profiles for cancer prevention… Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Erdman%2C%20John%20W.%22%29&pagesize-30">Erdman, John W. (advisor), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Nakamura%2C%20Manabu%20T.%22%29&pagesize-30">Nakamura, Manabu T. (Committee Chair), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Erdman%2C%20John%20W.%22%29&pagesize-30">Erdman, John W. (committee member), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Jeffery%2C%20Elizabeth%20H.%22%29&pagesize-30">Jeffery, Elizabeth H. (committee member), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Bahr%2C%20Janice%20M.%22%29&pagesize-30">Bahr, Janice M. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: tomato; broccoli; prostate cancer; biofortification; lycopene

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Liu, A. G. (2011). Enrichment of tomatoes and broccoli with specific bioactives for the reduction of prostate carcinogenesis. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/26106

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Liu, Ann G. “Enrichment of tomatoes and broccoli with specific bioactives for the reduction of prostate carcinogenesis.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/26106.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Liu, Ann G. “Enrichment of tomatoes and broccoli with specific bioactives for the reduction of prostate carcinogenesis.” 2011. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Liu AG. Enrichment of tomatoes and broccoli with specific bioactives for the reduction of prostate carcinogenesis. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/26106.

Council of Science Editors:

Liu AG. Enrichment of tomatoes and broccoli with specific bioactives for the reduction of prostate carcinogenesis. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/26106

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

18. Dia, Vermont P. Soybean lunasin mediates colon carcinogenesis by inducing apoptosis and preventing outgrowth of metastasis.

Degree: PhD, 0037, 2011, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/26357

► Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. Various factors such as age, lifestyle and dietary patterns affect the risk of having CRC.… (more)

▼ Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. Various factors such as age, lifestyle and dietary patterns affect the risk of having CRC. Epidemiological studies showed a chemopreventive effect of soy consumption against CRC. However, which component(s) of soybean is associated with this reduced risk is not yet fully delineated. The objective of this research was to evaluate the anti-colon cancer potential of lunasin isolated from defatted soybean flour using in vitro and in vivo models of CRC. Lunasin was isolated from defatted soybean flour by a combination of different chromatographic and ultrafiltration techniques. The anti-colon cancer potential of lunasin was determined using different human colon cancer cell lines in vitro and a CRC liver metastasis model in vivo. Lunasin caused cytotoxicity to different human colon cancer cells with an IC50 value of 13.0, 21.6, 26.3 and 61.7 µM for KM12L4, RKO, HCT-116 and HT-29 human colon cancer cells, respectively. This cytotoxicity correlated with the expression of the α5 integrin on human colon cancer cells with a correlation coefficient of 0.78. The mechanism involved in the cytotoxic effect of lunasin was through cell cycle arrest and induction of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. In KM12L4 human colon cancer cells, lunasin caused a G2/M phase arrest increasing the percentage of cells at G2/M phase from 12% (PBS-treated) to 24% (treated with 10 µM lunasin). This arrest was attributed to the capability of lunasin to increase the expression of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27. At 10 µM, lunasin increased the expression of p21 and p27 in KM12L4 colon cancer cells by 2.2- and 2.3-fold, respectively. Flow cytometric analysis showed that lunasin at 10 µM increased the percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis from 13.6% to 24.7%. This is further supported by fluorescence microscopic analysis of KM12L4 cells treated with 10 µM lunasin showing chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation. The mechanism involved is through modification of proteins involved in the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis in KM12L4 cells as 10 µM lunasin reduced the expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein by 2-fold and increased the expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, cytochrome c and nuclear clusterin by 2.2-, 2.1- and 2.3- fold, respectively. This led to increased expression and activity of the executioner of apoptosis, caspase-3 by 1.8- and 2.3-fold, respectively. This pro-apoptotic property of lunasin can be attributed to its capability to internalize into the cytoplasm and nucleus of colon cancer cells 24 h and 72 h after treatment, respectively. In addition, lunasin mediated metastasis of colon cancer cells in vitro by inhibiting the focal adhesion kinase activation thereby reducing expression of extracellular regulated kinase and nuclear factor kappa B and finally inhibiting migration of colon cancer cells. In KM12L4 colon cancer cells, 10 µM lunasin resulted in the reduction of phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and extracellular… Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22de%20Mejia%2C%20Elvira%20G.%22%29&pagesize-30">de Mejia, Elvira G. (advisor), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Jeffery%2C%20Elizabeth%20H.%22%29&pagesize-30">Jeffery, Elizabeth H. (Committee Chair), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22de%20Mejia%2C%20Elvira%20G.%22%29&pagesize-30">de Mejia, Elvira G. (committee member), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Chen%2C%20Hong%22%29&pagesize-30">Chen, Hong (committee member), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Cadwallader%2C%20Keith%20R.%22%29&pagesize-30">Cadwallader, Keith R. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Lunasin; Soybean; Apoptosis; Metastasis; Colon cancer

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Dia, V. P. (2011). Soybean lunasin mediates colon carcinogenesis by inducing apoptosis and preventing outgrowth of metastasis. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/26357

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dia, Vermont P. “Soybean lunasin mediates colon carcinogenesis by inducing apoptosis and preventing outgrowth of metastasis.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/26357.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dia, Vermont P. “Soybean lunasin mediates colon carcinogenesis by inducing apoptosis and preventing outgrowth of metastasis.” 2011. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Dia VP. Soybean lunasin mediates colon carcinogenesis by inducing apoptosis and preventing outgrowth of metastasis. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/26357.

Council of Science Editors:

Dia VP. Soybean lunasin mediates colon carcinogenesis by inducing apoptosis and preventing outgrowth of metastasis. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/26357

19. Butler, Shannon M. Inflammation enhanced colon cancer & natural anti-cancer plant compounds.

Degree: MS, 0037, 2011, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/24175

► Inflammation is associated with an increased risk for colorectal cancer through mechanisms that are not well understood. Isothiocyanates, which are the bioactive components in broccoli… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Broccoli; broccoli sprouts; sulforaphane; azoxymethane; colon cancer; inflammation; dextran sulfate sodium; Gymnaster koraiensis; gymnasterkoreayne B; polyacetylene

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Butler, S. M. (2011). Inflammation enhanced colon cancer & natural anti-cancer plant compounds. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/24175

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Butler, Shannon M. “Inflammation enhanced colon cancer & natural anti-cancer plant compounds.” 2011. Thesis, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/24175.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Butler, Shannon M. “Inflammation enhanced colon cancer & natural anti-cancer plant compounds.” 2011. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Butler SM. Inflammation enhanced colon cancer & natural anti-cancer plant compounds. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/24175.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Butler SM. Inflammation enhanced colon cancer & natural anti-cancer plant compounds. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/24175

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

20. Cramer, Jenna. The bioavailability of sulforaphane from broccoli products in men and its epigenetic activity.

Degree: PhD, 0037, 2012, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/29472

► Epidemiological data show a correlation between broccoli consumption and an anti-cancer benefit. This benefit is attributed to the isothiocyanate sulforaphane (SF). Sulforaphane is derived from… (more)

▼ Epidemiological data show a correlation between broccoli consumption and an anti-cancer benefit. This benefit is attributed to the isothiocyanate sulforaphane (SF). Sulforaphane is derived from the myrosinase-catalyzed hydrolysis of glucoraphanin. Both glucoraphanin and myrosinase are present in fresh or lightly cooked broccoli and broccoli sprouts. Like myrsoinase, gut microflora are capable of hydrolysis of glucoraphanin to SF, although to a much lesser extent than endogenous plant myrosinase (1, 2). It is well established that when glucoraphanin is consumed in the absence of myrosinase, as is the case for heavily cooked broccoli, much of the cancer preventative potential is not availed (1, 3). Similarly, many of the dietary glucoraphanin supplements on the market today lack myrosinase, and may not act as a source of SF. However, the efficacy of these supplements in delivering SF has not been previously evaluated, neither has the potential for restoring the availability of SF by ingesting an exogenous source of myrosinase concomitantly with sources of glucoraphanin that are devoid of endogenous myrosinase. The mechanism of cancer protection by SF is multifaceted, but the best characterized involves the upregulation of detoxification enzymes through the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2/antioxidant response element pathway (4). More recently, it was discovered that SF also inhibits cancer through epigenetic mechanisms, specifically by decreasing the activities of histone deacetylase and DNA methyltransferase enzymes (5, 6). These effects were most pronounced at 10-15 ??M SF, concentrations that are not typically obtained through dietary means. Furthermore, it has not been previously determined whether the inhibition of DNA methyltransferase by SF correlates with increased expression of tumor suppressor genes. The objective of this research was two-fold. First, to determine the plasma and urine levels of SF and metabolites following human ingestion of a glucoraphanin supplement alone or in combination with a myrosinase-rich food source. It was determined that the SF bioavailablity of a high-glucosinolate supplement that was devoid of myrosinase was enhanced by co-consumption with a food source that contained myrosinase. Specifically, plasma total isothiocyanate (ITC) concentration reached 2.86 ?? 0.33 ??M after the supplement was consumed with fresh broccoli sprouts whereas the peak plasma total ITC concentration after consumption of the glucoraphanin supplement did not reach significance over control meal or baseline values. The second objective was to evaluate the effects on DNA methylation and mRNA expression of cancer-related genes using physiologically attainable concentrations of SF similar to those identified in part one. While the promoters of P16, MGMT and MLH1 were unaffected by SF, DNA methylation at the P21 promoter was decreased by approximately 14% with a concurrent 1.92 ?? 0.32 fold increase in mRNA. DNA methylation at the BAX promoter was decreased by a… Advisors/Committee Members: Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Jeffery%2C%20Elizabeth%20H.%22%29&pagesize-30">Jeffery, Elizabeth H. (advisor), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Jeffery%2C%20Elizabeth%20H.%22%29&pagesize-30">Jeffery, Elizabeth H. (committee member), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Pan%2C%20Yuan-Xiang%22%29&pagesize-30">Pan, Yuan-Xiang (committee member), Champaign%22%20%2Bcontributor%3A%28%22Teran-Garcia%2C%20Margarita%20D.%22%29&pagesize-30">Teran-Garcia, Margarita D. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: broccoli; sulforaphane; cancer; histone acetylation; DNA methylation; Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Cramer, J. (2012). The bioavailability of sulforaphane from broccoli products in men and its epigenetic activity. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/29472

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cramer, Jenna. “The bioavailability of sulforaphane from broccoli products in men and its epigenetic activity.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/29472.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cramer, Jenna. “The bioavailability of sulforaphane from broccoli products in men and its epigenetic activity.” 2012. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Cramer J. The bioavailability of sulforaphane from broccoli products in men and its epigenetic activity. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/29472.

Council of Science Editors:

Cramer J. The bioavailability of sulforaphane from broccoli products in men and its epigenetic activity. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/29472

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