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University of Illinois – Chicago
1.
Baker, Adam S.
Lateral Inhibition and Protons: The First Level of Contrast in Stimulation of the Retina?.
Degree: 2016, University of Illinois – Chicago
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/21227 
► Lateral inhibition mediated by horizontal cells in the outer plexiform layer of the retina has a large impact on perceived visual contrast. Much past work…
(more)
▼ Lateral inhibition mediated by horizontal cells in the outer plexiform layer of the retina has a large impact on perceived visual contrast. Much past work suggests that negative feedback from horizontal cells to photoreceptor synaptic terminals is important in generating this lateral inhibition, but the molecular mechanisms mediating this feedback remain unclear. This thesis will survey work focusing on the hypothesis that proton release from horizontal cells is the key molecular player in generating negative feedback from horizontal cells to photoreceptors. According to this hypothesis, protons released from horizontal cells bind to calcium channels on photoreceptor synaptic terminals, leading to a decrease in calcium influx and a decrease in the release of neurotransmitter from photoreceptors. There is much evidence that changes in extracellular acidity significantly affect neuronal signaling in the retina, and this data has been taken as support for the proton hypothesis of lateral inhibition. Recent experiments using optogenetic techniques to measure changes in extracellular acidity during light and chemical stimulation also strongly support the proton hypothesis. However, data measuring proton release from isolated horizontal cells using self-referencing H+-selective electrodes and fluorescent H+ sensors argue strongly against proton release from horizontal cells when stimulated. This thesis will summarize the current status of the proton hypothesis of lateral inhibition and suggest potential alternatives for the functional role that alterations in changes in extracellular acidity may play in retinal function.
Advisors/Committee Members: Park, Thomas (advisor), Malchow, Paul (committee member), Leonard, John (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Lateral Inhibition; negative feedback; retinal contrast inhibition; proton hypothesis of lateral feedback.
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APA (6th Edition):
Baker, A. S. (2016). Lateral Inhibition and Protons: The First Level of Contrast in Stimulation of the Retina?. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Chicago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10027/21227
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Baker, Adam S. “Lateral Inhibition and Protons: The First Level of Contrast in Stimulation of the Retina?.” 2016. Thesis, University of Illinois – Chicago. Accessed April 22, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10027/21227.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Baker, Adam S. “Lateral Inhibition and Protons: The First Level of Contrast in Stimulation of the Retina?.” 2016. Web. 22 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Baker AS. Lateral Inhibition and Protons: The First Level of Contrast in Stimulation of the Retina?. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/21227.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Baker AS. Lateral Inhibition and Protons: The First Level of Contrast in Stimulation of the Retina?. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/21227
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Illinois – Chicago
2.
Balu, Deebika.
Behavioral and Physiological Significance of PKC-mediated Phosphorylation of the GluN2A C-terminus.
Degree: 2015, University of Illinois – Chicago
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/19839
► Activity-dependent plasticity in N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor containing synapses could be regulated by phosphorylation of specific amino acids in the C-terminal domain of the receptor subunits. Previous…
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▼ Activity-dependent plasticity in N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor containing synapses could be regulated by phosphorylation of specific amino acids in the C-terminal domain of the receptor subunits. Previous experiments done in our lab established that the phosphorylation of the serines (S1291 and S1312) directly by PKC and tyrosines (Y1292 and Y1387) indirectly via PKC activation of Src positively modulate the receptor currents. To understand the behavioral and physiological significance of those sites in vivo, the Grin2aDeltaPKC mouse expressing GluN2A with those four mutated amino acids (S1291A, S1312A, Y1292F and Y1387F) was generated using homologous recombination. The Grin2aDeltaPKC and WT mice were similar in their body weight, and general activity. They also have similar expression levels of Grin2a mRNA, and GluN2A protein. The Grin2aDeltaPKC mice alternated above chance levels in a four-arm and Y maze spontaneous alternation tasks, while they alternated at levels lower than WT mice only in the Y maze. The mutants also have decreased alternation in a non-reinforced T maze alternation task. Thus, the mutant mice may have a mild spatial memory deficit. When these mutant mice were subjected to anxiety-associated tasks, they exhibited reduced anxiety-related behaviors such as increased time spent in the center of an open field, increased time in lit side of light/dark box, and increased entries and dwell times in the open arms of an elevated plus maze. Immunostaining for Fos in the hippocampus after exposure of the animals to novel environments shows region specific differences between the mutants and WT mice. There was no increase in Fos levels in mutants after exposure to novel environments in CA1 and CA3 compared to home-cage Fos levels, in contrast, Fos levels increased in the WT mice in CA1, CA3 and dentate gyrus. When the Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses of mutant hippocampal synapses were stimulated using a theta-burst protocol, it was found that there was no impairment in LTP. Also, the mutant mice showed no significant differences in input-output curves and paired-pulse facilitation. Taken together, these results suggest that PKC-mediated phosphorylation of at least one of those four sites regulates NMDAR-mediated signaling that modulates anxiety, and spatial working memory.
Advisors/Committee Members: Alford, Simon (advisor), Leonard, John P. (committee member), Larson, John R. (committee member), Ragozzino, Michael E. (committee member), Schmidt, Jennifer V. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: NMDA Recptor; GluN2A subunit; mouse behavior; hippocampus; c-Fos; electrophysiology; theta-burst stimulation; anxiety
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APA (6th Edition):
Balu, D. (2015). Behavioral and Physiological Significance of PKC-mediated Phosphorylation of the GluN2A C-terminus. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Chicago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10027/19839
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Balu, Deebika. “Behavioral and Physiological Significance of PKC-mediated Phosphorylation of the GluN2A C-terminus.” 2015. Thesis, University of Illinois – Chicago. Accessed April 22, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10027/19839.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Balu, Deebika. “Behavioral and Physiological Significance of PKC-mediated Phosphorylation of the GluN2A C-terminus.” 2015. Web. 22 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Balu D. Behavioral and Physiological Significance of PKC-mediated Phosphorylation of the GluN2A C-terminus. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/19839.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Balu D. Behavioral and Physiological Significance of PKC-mediated Phosphorylation of the GluN2A C-terminus. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/19839
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Illinois – Chicago
3.
Martin, Ashley A.
Regulation of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor ACR-16 in C. elegans.
Degree: 2016, University of Illinois – Chicago
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/20856
► Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are present in many excitable tissues types and are found both pre and post-synaptically . Through their non-specific cationic permeability, these…
(more)
▼ Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are present in many excitable tissues types and are found both pre and post-synaptically . Through their non-specific cationic permeability, these nAChRs have necessary excitatory roles in neurotransmission, neuromodulation, synaptic plasticity, and neuroprotection . Thus, nAChR mislocalization or functional deficits are associated with many neurological disease states. Therefore identifying the mechanisms that regulate nAChR expression and function will further inform our understanding of normal as well as pathological conditions and offer novel avenues for potential therapeutic advances.
Taking advantage of the genetic tractability of the soil nematode C. elegans, a large scale forward screen was done to isolate regulators of the vertebrate α7 nAChR homologue ACR-16. From this screen three novel regulators of the ACR-16 receptor were identified: sca-1, vab-1, and f59d12.1. Further examination of these three genes promises to shed light on previously uncharacterized pathways of regulation of the ACR-16 receptor.
Advisors/Committee Members: Leonard, John (advisor), Alford, Simon (committee member), Gong, Liang-Wei (committee member), Kim, Hongkyun (committee member), Richmond, Janet E. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: nicotinic; acetylcholine; receptors; ACR-16; SCA-1; VAB-1; C. elegans; SERCA; ephrin; cholecystokinin
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APA (6th Edition):
Martin, A. A. (2016). Regulation of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor ACR-16 in C. elegans. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Chicago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10027/20856
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Martin, Ashley A. “Regulation of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor ACR-16 in C. elegans.” 2016. Thesis, University of Illinois – Chicago. Accessed April 22, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10027/20856.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Martin, Ashley A. “Regulation of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor ACR-16 in C. elegans.” 2016. Web. 22 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Martin AA. Regulation of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor ACR-16 in C. elegans. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/20856.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Martin AA. Regulation of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor ACR-16 in C. elegans. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/20856
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Illinois – Chicago
4.
Muniz-Talavera, Hilmarie.
Defining the Role of the Mouse Jhy Gene in the Ependyma and Choroid Plexus.
Degree: 2016, University of Illinois – Chicago
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/20870
► The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is produced by the choroid plexus and is contained within the brain ventricular system (Damkier et al., 2013). CSF flows from…
(more)
▼ The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is produced by the choroid plexus and is contained within the brain ventricular system (Damkier et al., 2013). CSF flows from the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle, where it then enters the fourth ventricle through the cerebral aqueduct (Brinker et al., 2014). The composition of the CSF is derived from passive filtration of plasma and membrane secretion and it has three mains functions: 1) protect the brain by serving as a cushion against mechanical shock, 2) serve as a route for nutrient delivery and signaling factors, and 3) carry waste products and toxins away from the brain (Lun et al., 2015; Spector et al., 2015). CSF production and circulation should be carefully regulated to allow proper brain development (Gato et al., 2014; Mohammad Nabiuni, 2015). Increased CSF volume causes ventricular dilation and it can lead to the development of a neurological condition known as hydrocephalus. Congenital hydrocephalus is the most common form of the disease, which is present at birth and it affects 1-2/1000 children in the United States (Kahle et al., 2015). Hydrocephalus can result from abnormalities in the production, flow or absorption of the CSF, and if untreated it can lead to death.
The ventricles of the brain are lined by a monolayer of ciliated squamous epithelia known as the ependymal cells. The ependyma carry motile cilia (9+2), which coordinately beat to produce a laminar flow and promote CSF circulation throughout the ventricles (Spassky, 2013). The choroid plexus is composed of a monolayer of modified ependymal cells though these cells have developed a unique polarization of membrane associated proteins, along with other secretory properties that allow choroid plexus (CP) cells to function in CSF secretion (Damkier et al., 2013; Dziegielewska et al., 2001). Hydrocephalus can result from the disruption of ependymal cells and/or the choroid plexus by the loss of CSF flow
and CSF overproduction, respectively (Baas et al., 2006a; Banizs et al., 2005). Despite the undeniable importance of the ependyma and the CP in CSF homeostasis, the mechanisms and factors involved in their differentiation are largely unknown.
The work presented here aimed to further characterize the structure and function of the ependymal cells and the specialized ependymal cells of the CP. The JhylacZ mouse line carries an insertional mutation in the Jhy gene (formerly 4931429I11Rik), and homozygous JhylacZ/lacZ mice develop a rapidly progressive juvenile hydrocephalus (Appelbe et al., 2013). Molecular analysis of the ependymal cells in JhylacZ/lacZ mice was performed using a cell-type specific marker approach to assess the expression of markers involved in vital cellular processes of these cells. JhylacZ/lacZ mice display abnormal ependymal cell differentiation with ventricular ependyma retaining an unorganized and multi-layered morphology, representative of immature ependymal cells. Morphological and molecular analysis of the ependyma demonstrated a delay rather than a block in…
Advisors/Committee Members: Orenic, Teresa V. (advisor), Schmidt, Jennifer V. (committee member), Okkema, Peter (committee member), Tyner, Angela (committee member), Leonard, John (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Hydrocephalus; choroid plexus; ependymal cells; JHY
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Muniz-Talavera, H. (2016). Defining the Role of the Mouse Jhy Gene in the Ependyma and Choroid Plexus. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Chicago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10027/20870
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Muniz-Talavera, Hilmarie. “Defining the Role of the Mouse Jhy Gene in the Ependyma and Choroid Plexus.” 2016. Thesis, University of Illinois – Chicago. Accessed April 22, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10027/20870.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Muniz-Talavera, Hilmarie. “Defining the Role of the Mouse Jhy Gene in the Ependyma and Choroid Plexus.” 2016. Web. 22 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Muniz-Talavera H. Defining the Role of the Mouse Jhy Gene in the Ependyma and Choroid Plexus. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/20870.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Muniz-Talavera H. Defining the Role of the Mouse Jhy Gene in the Ependyma and Choroid Plexus. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/20870
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Illinois – Chicago
5.
Beeler-Muscat, Dina M.
Characterization of Optimus Prime, A Novel Regulator Of Synaptic Transmission in Drosophila.
Degree: 2018, University of Illinois – Chicago
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/23258
► Glutamate is the most abundant neurotransmitter in the human brain and is used for the fast transfer of information between neurons. Glutamate gated ion channels…
(more)
▼ Glutamate is the most abundant neurotransmitter in the human brain and is used for the fast transfer of information between neurons. Glutamate gated ion channels (aka ionotropic glutamate receptors) account for the largest majority of glutamatergic synapses. Given the prevalence of these synapses in the human brain, it’s not surprising that dysfunctional glutamate signaling manifests in many neurological disorders. Abnormalities can occur either pre or postsynaptically and are usually linked to gene mutations that impact glutamate release or postsynaptic responses. Here, I characterized a novel, highly conserved Drosophila protein named Optimus Prime (OPr) that was identified in a screen designed to find regulators of glutamatergic signaling. Interestingly, the OPr mammalian homolog, termed von Willebrand factor A domain-containing protein 8 (VWA8), has been linked to several neurological disorders, including autism, bipolar depression, and migraine. The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) of Drosophila third instar larvae was used as a model excitatory synapse to study the effects of loss of function mutants as well as OPr overexpression. In order to manipulate OPr expression levels genetic tools were generated to study the third instar larval NMJ. Using immunocytochemistry, we found that OPr localizes to presynaptic motor neurons at the NMJ. Consequently, loss of OPr affects larval locomotory behaviors, synaptic release, and NMJ morphology. In contrast, overexpression of OPr only affected NMJ morphology. These results suggest that OPr may function in two distinct pathways: 1) regulating neurotransmitter release, and 2) regulating synapse morphology. This work represents the first functional characterization of OPr in any species, and identifies OPr as novel regulator of glutamatergic synaptic function.
Advisors/Committee Members: Richmond, Janet E (advisor), Katzen, Alisa L (committee member), Leonard, John P (committee member), Liebl, Faith (committee member), Gong, Liang-Wei (chair).
Subjects/Keywords: Synaptic transmission; Drosophila; glutamate
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APA (6th Edition):
Beeler-Muscat, D. M. (2018). Characterization of Optimus Prime, A Novel Regulator Of Synaptic Transmission in Drosophila. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Chicago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10027/23258
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Beeler-Muscat, Dina M. “Characterization of Optimus Prime, A Novel Regulator Of Synaptic Transmission in Drosophila.” 2018. Thesis, University of Illinois – Chicago. Accessed April 22, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10027/23258.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Beeler-Muscat, Dina M. “Characterization of Optimus Prime, A Novel Regulator Of Synaptic Transmission in Drosophila.” 2018. Web. 22 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Beeler-Muscat DM. Characterization of Optimus Prime, A Novel Regulator Of Synaptic Transmission in Drosophila. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/23258.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Beeler-Muscat DM. Characterization of Optimus Prime, A Novel Regulator Of Synaptic Transmission in Drosophila. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/23258
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Illinois – Chicago
6.
Widmer, Andrew Mark.
Inhibitory Function in the Olfactory Cortex of a Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome.
Degree: 2019, University of Illinois – Chicago
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/23873
► Presented here are a series of four single-cell electrophysiology experiments detailing the function of inhibitory and excitatory processes in the anterior piriform cortex. The normal…
(more)
▼ Presented here are a series of four single-cell electrophysiology experiments detailing the
function of inhibitory and excitatory processes in the anterior piriform cortex. The normal function and neurophysiology of this area is contrasted with that of a mouse model of the genetic disorder Fragile X Syndrome, a pleiotropic disorder that is hypothesized to be characterized by improper excitatory/inhibitory balance in a number of brain regions.
Analysis of quantal inhibitory neurotransmission provided the most comprehensive report of synaptic inhibition in the piriform cortex to date. This study revealed no deficit in the synaptic properties of Fragile X Syndrome mice. Event amplitude, shape statistics, and interevent timing parameters were all in close agreement between the two groups.
Tonic inhibitory conductance was found to be comparable between genotypes as well, in contrast to several published reports of compromised tonic inhibition in this disease model.
A measure of the cellular response to evoked stimulation was performed, testing the function of a known fast inhibitory microcircuit. This experiment showed that both Fragile X Syndrome and control animals exhibit tight inhibitory control of evoked excitation at moderate and high stimulation levels. Additionally, a paired pulse test demonstrated that, while excitatory currents increase in response to quickly arriving stimuli, feedforward inhibition scales as well, maintaining the inhibitory/excitatory balance.
The cellular response to bursting stimulation was assessed for each genotype at a holding potential of -70mV and at the native resting membrane potential for each cell, both in the absence and presence of pharmacological blockade of NMDA-type glutamatergic receptors. A significant deficit in NMDA receptor-mediated current was observed in the burst response of Fragile X Syndrome cells but not in controls. It was also shown in control animals that NMDA receptors participate in the excitatory response to a single burst of stimuli, an unexpected finding that suggests unique integrative processes in the anterior piriform cortex with respect to homologous brain structures.
Advisors/Committee Members: Larson, John R (advisor), Loeb, Jeffrey (committee member), Leonard, John (committee member), Berry-Kravis, Elizabeth (committee member), Brodie, Mark (chair).
Subjects/Keywords: FXS; Fragile X Syndrome; plasticity; potentiation; LTP; LTD; inhibition; tonic inhibition; GABA; GABAa; GABAR; NMDA; NMDAR; inhibition/excitation; piriform; olfactory; piriform cortex; olfactory cortex; intellectual disability; mouse model; seizure; epilepsy
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Widmer, A. M. (2019). Inhibitory Function in the Olfactory Cortex of a Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Chicago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10027/23873
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Widmer, Andrew Mark. “Inhibitory Function in the Olfactory Cortex of a Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome.” 2019. Thesis, University of Illinois – Chicago. Accessed April 22, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10027/23873.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Widmer, Andrew Mark. “Inhibitory Function in the Olfactory Cortex of a Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome.” 2019. Web. 22 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Widmer AM. Inhibitory Function in the Olfactory Cortex of a Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/23873.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Widmer AM. Inhibitory Function in the Olfactory Cortex of a Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/23873
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Illinois – Chicago
7.
Blass, Gregory R.
Extreme Resistance to Hypercapnia-Induced Pulmonary Edema of the African Naked Mole-Rat.
Degree: 2014, University of Illinois – Chicago
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/18916
► The African naked-mole rat lives chronically in a hypercapnia due to many individuals living together in small enclosed burrows. At extreme hypercapnia, pulmonary edema is…
(more)
▼ The African naked-mole rat lives chronically in a hypercapnia due to many individuals living together in small enclosed burrows. At extreme hypercapnia, pulmonary edema is induced in many terrestrial mammals. The present study aim was to examine the resistance naked mole-rats have to the physiological effects of hypercapnia and determine the mechanism of hypercapnia-induced pulmonary edema. We found extreme hypercapnia was unable to induce pulmonary edema in naked mole-rats. Previously, their cutaneous c-fibers were found to be insensitive to acid stimuli and this was thought to be an adaptation to hypercapnia acidosis. Pulmonary c-fibers release the peptide substance P that can induce pulmonary edema. A related peptide, hemokinin-1, has the same endogenous receptor, neurokinin 1, and is also present within the lungs. We predicted that naked mole-rats in response to hypercapnia would have attenuated release of substance P and hemokinin-1 within their lungs. Surprisingly, naked mole-rats had no detectable amount of substance P or hemokinin-1 in lavage fluid at control or after 30% CO2 exposure. We further studied the function of pulmonary c-fiber acid sensitivity in hypercapnia-induced pulmonary edema. Mice that lack channels expressed by c-fibers that are acid sensitive, TrpV1 and ASIC3, were exposed to extreme hypercapnia. We found that the absence of these channels had no effect on hypercapnia-induced pulmonary edema. We also used mice that lacked substance P gene, tac1, expression and found significant increased edema that was counter to our original hypothesis. The volatile anesthetic isoflurane has previously been found to have anti-inflammatory effect on pulmonary induced inflammation. We used isoflurane in conjunction with acute 30% CO2 exposure in mice. We found that isoflurane greatly attenuated hypercapnia-induced edema and abolished the increased release of substance P and hemokinin-1 in lung lavage fluid of wild-type mice. These results indicated that hypercapnia-induced pulmonary edema may not be mediated by the acid-sensitivity of pulmonary c-fibers but may involve hemokinin-1. For the first time, isoflurane was found to attenuate hypercapnia-induced pulmonary edema. The absence of detectable substance P and hemokinin-1 within the naked mole-rat lungs may be part of their adaptation for living in hypercapnia.
Advisors/Committee Members: Malchow, Robert P. (advisor), Park, Thomas J. (committee member), Murphy, Alvin D. (committee member), Leonard, John P. (committee member), Minshall, Richard D. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: substance P; hypercapnia; pulmonary edema; c-fiber; acidosis; hemokinin-1; naked mole-rat; Tachykinin 1 Gene (tac1); Neurokinin 1 Receptor (NK1r); Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 Channel (TrpV1); Acid-sensing Ion Channel (ASIC3); isoflurane; anesthetic; respiration; pulmonary inflammation; lavage
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Blass, G. R. (2014). Extreme Resistance to Hypercapnia-Induced Pulmonary Edema of the African Naked Mole-Rat. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Chicago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10027/18916
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Blass, Gregory R. “Extreme Resistance to Hypercapnia-Induced Pulmonary Edema of the African Naked Mole-Rat.” 2014. Thesis, University of Illinois – Chicago. Accessed April 22, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10027/18916.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Blass, Gregory R. “Extreme Resistance to Hypercapnia-Induced Pulmonary Edema of the African Naked Mole-Rat.” 2014. Web. 22 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Blass GR. Extreme Resistance to Hypercapnia-Induced Pulmonary Edema of the African Naked Mole-Rat. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/18916.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Blass GR. Extreme Resistance to Hypercapnia-Induced Pulmonary Edema of the African Naked Mole-Rat. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/18916
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
8.
Gocel, James.
Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors in Anterior Piriform Cortex.
Degree: 2012, University of Illinois – Chicago
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/9598
► The influence of anatomical, developmental and degenerative factors on the function of synaptically expressed ionotropic glutamate receptors was assessed in murine models. Recordings were obtained…
(more)
▼ The influence of anatomical, developmental and degenerative factors on the function of synaptically expressed ionotropic glutamate receptors was assessed in murine models. Recordings were obtained in whole cell configuration from principal cells in layer II of acutely prepared slices of anterior piriform cortex (APC). Synaptic currents mediated by AMPARs and NMDARs were elicited by evoked stimulation and isolated on the basis of differences in pharmacological and kinetic characteristics of each receptor type. The relative current contribution in synaptic populations was assessed by an NMDA/AMPA ratio calculated from measurement of evoked currents. AMPAR currents were characterized at single synapses by mEPSCs and response to minimal stimulation.
Afferent and intrinsic axonal fiber tracts were stimulated to elicit currents at lateral olfactory tract (LOT) and association (ASSN) synapses, two anatomically and physiologically distinct populations of synapses. Paired pulse responses at 50 ms ISI revealed differences in the amount of facilitation between both synaptic populations. Synaptic transmission mediated by AMPAR function was assessed by minimal stimulation and determined to be equivalent in amplitude between LOT and ASSN synapses, although differences in AMPAR kinetic characteristics were detected between pathways. The NMDA/AMPA ratio was decreased at LOT compared to ASSN synapses. Differences found in the relative NMDAR and AMPAR complement and similarities in AMPAR function suggest differences in NMDAR function between LOT and ASSN synapses. Kinetic differences detected in AMPAR-mediated currents suggest different AMPAR complements are also expressed at both pathways.
Synaptic receptor function was characterized in a mouse model for developmental intellectual disability, the Fmr1-KO. Synaptic NMDAR and AMPAR function was assessed at ASSN synapses in 3-6 month old Fmr1-KO and WT littermates. The NMDA/AMPA ratio was reduced at ASSN synapses of the Fmr1-KO and similar amplitudes in AMPAR-mediated mEPSCs were observed in both groups. No differences were observed in voltage sensitivities or kinetic characteristics of either NMDAR or AMPAR currents. These findings suggest a reduction in NMDAR function at these synapses in the Fmr1-KO compared to WT.
The effect of aging on NMDAR and AMPAR function was assessed at LOT and ASSN synapses in 3-28 month old mice. A significant reduction in AMPAR-mediated mEPSC amplitude was observed in 24-28 month old mice. No age related difference was detected in the NMDA/AMPA ratio or paired pulse ratio. These findings suggest that concomitant downregulation of AMPAR and NMDAR function occurs at both LOT and ASSN synapses in aged mice.
The relative and absolute function of NMDARs and AMPARs at LOT and ASSN synapses were found to be differentially affected in all three comparisons. Reduction of currents mediated by one or both synaptic receptor types were observed in all conditions. Hypofunction of one or both receptor type and the relative ratios thereof may…
Advisors/Committee Members: Alford, Simon (advisor), Larson, John (committee member), Leonard, John (committee member), Malchow, Paul (committee member), Smalheiser, Neil R. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: NMDAR; AMPAR; glutamate; piriform cortex; cognition; electrophysiology; α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor; N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor
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APA (6th Edition):
Gocel, J. (2012). Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors in Anterior Piriform Cortex. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Chicago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10027/9598
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Gocel, James. “Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors in Anterior Piriform Cortex.” 2012. Thesis, University of Illinois – Chicago. Accessed April 22, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10027/9598.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Gocel, James. “Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors in Anterior Piriform Cortex.” 2012. Web. 22 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Gocel J. Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors in Anterior Piriform Cortex. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/9598.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Gocel J. Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors in Anterior Piriform Cortex. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/9598
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
9.
Troxell-Smith, Sandra M.
Welfare Assessment Through Foraging: Understanding the Animals' Points of View.
Degree: 2016, University of Illinois – Chicago
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/21246
► As a behavioral ecologist, I implement studies based in foraging theory and ecology to develop a quantifiable metric to understand animal environmental preferences, and how…
(more)
▼ As a behavioral ecologist, I implement studies based in foraging theory and ecology to develop a quantifiable metric to understand animal environmental preferences, and how those preferences influence animal decision-making. I utilized this approach in laboratory, zoo, and wild species, and each of my five dissertation chapters investigates a novel application and integration of foraging ecology and animal behavior.
Chapter I: I utilized foraging ecology principles to determine effects of domestication on the problem-solving and foraging strategies of laboratory vs. wild-caught house mice (Mus musculus). Domesticated laboratory strains adopted more energy-efficient foraging strategies, and responded more favorably to foraging challenges than their wild counterparts (Troxell-Smith et. al, 2016). This study advanced existing literature regarding how the domestication process influences problem-solving and resource acquisition in laboratory species.
Chapter II: I assessed the environmental preferences of zoo-housed okapi (Okapia johnstoni). Based on intensity of foraging in experimental patches, I found that individuals greatly varied their response to, and utilization of, the same exhibit space. I conclude that individual behavioral differences in environmental preference must be incorporated into animal management and welfare decisions.
Chapter III: I implemented foraging patch studies to: a) quantify the efficacy of patch use studies as an enrichment opportunity, and b) determine the spatial and foraging preferences for zoo-housed Parma wallabies (Macropus parma), and Patagonian maras (Dolichotis patagonum). Food patches reliably revealed environmental preferences, increased foraging time, and decreased the frequency of inactive behaviors for both species, demonstrating the utility of implementing the food patch technique as a method to assess captive animal welfare.
Chapter IV: I examined the effects of implementing social separation (visual barriers) on stereotypic behavior in an adult female okapi (Troxell-Smith & Miller, 2016). Visual barrier installation drastically reduced okapi stereotypic behavior, suggesting that captive social situations have important impacts on animal welfare.
Chapter V: I established personality metrics for ten individual brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) in the Ku-Ring-Gai Chase National Park, NSW, Australia. Possums were released and monitored to determine individual differences in food quality preference and response to environmental risk. This work advances understanding of how individual personality traits influence environmental and ecological choices.
Advisors/Committee Members: Brown, Joel S. (advisor), Whelan, Christopher J. (committee member), Leonard, John (committee member), Schmidt, Jennifer (committee member), Nelson, Karin (committee member), Watters, Jason V. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Behavioral Ecology; Animal Welfare; Foraging Ecology; Giving-up Density; Behavioral Enrichment; Zoo-housed species; Exhibit use; Landscape of comfort
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Troxell-Smith, S. M. (2016). Welfare Assessment Through Foraging: Understanding the Animals' Points of View. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Chicago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10027/21246
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Troxell-Smith, Sandra M. “Welfare Assessment Through Foraging: Understanding the Animals' Points of View.” 2016. Thesis, University of Illinois – Chicago. Accessed April 22, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10027/21246.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Troxell-Smith, Sandra M. “Welfare Assessment Through Foraging: Understanding the Animals' Points of View.” 2016. Web. 22 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Troxell-Smith SM. Welfare Assessment Through Foraging: Understanding the Animals' Points of View. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/21246.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Troxell-Smith SM. Welfare Assessment Through Foraging: Understanding the Animals' Points of View. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/21246
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
10.
Peterson, Bethany L.
Extreme Resistance to Oxygen Deprivation in Brain Tissue from the Naked Mole-Rat.
Degree: 2012, University of Illinois – Chicago
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/8659
► The naked mole-rat lives in large colonies living completely underground, a very unique way of life. This leads to an environment where the air is…
(more)
▼ The naked mole-rat lives in large colonies living completely underground, a very unique way of life. This leads to an environment where the air is low in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide. Adaptations in blood and metabolism have been previously reported in the naked mole-rat that help it survive these conditions. My study is aimed at specifically examining the tolerance to low oxygen (hypoxia) in the brain of this unusual species. My working hypothesis was that naked mole-rats retain neonatal protective characteristics against hypoxia into adulthood.
First we exposed whole animals to no oxygen (anoxia) to see how long they survived. A group of naked mole-rats was exposed for around 6 minutes and still recovered once put back in room air. This is remarkable when compared to mice, which only survived around 45 seconds and did not recover. We then measured the levels of ATP in the brains of adult naked mole-rats compared to adult mice and neonatal mice. This is important because ATP is the energy of the brain and oxygen is needed for its synthesis. We found that ATP stores in adult naked mole-rat brain depleted slower than in adult mouse brain, however, it was not as slow as in neonatal mouse brain.
Next, since many hypoxia-tolerant model systems are able to prevent an increase in internal calcium that leads to cell death during hypoxia, we wanted to establish if naked mole-rats could prevent this as well. We determined that in hippocampal brain slices from naked mole-rats the increase in internal calcium was significantly reduced compared to both neonatal and weanling mice.
Lastly, we wanted to find out if the adult naked mole-rat brain retained more of the NMDA receptor subunit NR2D into adulthood compared to adult mouse brain. This subtype closes during hypoxia and is usually expressed more in neonatal mammals than in adults. We revealed that adult naked mole-rats do have a higher proportion of the NR2D subunit in adulthood compared to mice.
These finding lead us to conclude that naked mole-rats are retaining neonatal protective characteristics against hypoxia.
Advisors/Committee Members: Murphy, Alvin D. (advisor), Park, Thomas J. (committee member), Larson, John R. (committee member), Fall, Christopher P. (committee member), Leonard, John P. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: naked mole-rat; hypoxia; neonatal; brain tissue
Record Details
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Record Details
Similar Records
Cite
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Peterson, B. L. (2012). Extreme Resistance to Oxygen Deprivation in Brain Tissue from the Naked Mole-Rat. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Chicago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10027/8659
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Peterson, Bethany L. “Extreme Resistance to Oxygen Deprivation in Brain Tissue from the Naked Mole-Rat.” 2012. Thesis, University of Illinois – Chicago. Accessed April 22, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10027/8659.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Peterson, Bethany L. “Extreme Resistance to Oxygen Deprivation in Brain Tissue from the Naked Mole-Rat.” 2012. Web. 22 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Peterson BL. Extreme Resistance to Oxygen Deprivation in Brain Tissue from the Naked Mole-Rat. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/8659.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Peterson BL. Extreme Resistance to Oxygen Deprivation in Brain Tissue from the Naked Mole-Rat. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/8659
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
. 
Open Access Theses and Dissertations
