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University of Illinois – Chicago
1.
Simoni, Leah S.
Living with Large Carnivores: Insights from Diet Choice, Habitat Use, and the Ecology of Fear.
Degree: 2012, University of Illinois – Chicago
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/9541 
► This thesis focuses on large carnivore behavior in hopes to understand how humans and large carnivores can coexist. Carnivore behavior is examined through diet choice,…
(more)
▼ This thesis focuses on large carnivore behavior in hopes to understand how humans and large carnivores can coexist. Carnivore behavior is examined through diet choice, habitat selection, and the ecology of fear.
The first chapter examines a proposed mechanism of coexistence among carnivores with pumas (Puma concolor) and jaguars (Panthera onca) as my focal system. I proposed carnivores may coexistence due to a tradeoff in the ability to catch agile prey items and the ability to safely subdue more dangerous prey. I developed a mathematical model, analyzed published diet studies, and examined historic range maps to test the validity of the mechanism of coexistence. I found that all three lines of investigation supported a mechanism of coexistence along a dangerous-agile gradient of the prey for carnivores.
The second chapter examines current and historic puma attacks on humans. I examined published attacks on humans in 12 states from 1890 – 2010. Attack propensity was examined in relation to human density, livestock density, and occurrence of puma hunting. I found puma attacks on humans increase significantly with an increase in human density. Furthermore, with an increase in human density, puma attacks decreased significantly with an increase in livestock density. Sport hunting of pumas had no affect on the propensity of puma attacks on humans.
The final chapter examines temporal and spatial distribution of coyotes (Canis latrans) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in the
Chicago metropolitan area. Distributions were examined through camera data collected from 2010 and 2011 by the Urban Wildlife Institute. I found that both coyotes and deer were negatively associated with an increase in housing density and positively associated with an increase in canopy cover. Deer also exhibited a positive association with water and coyotes.
Advisors/Committee Members: Brown, Joel S. (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: large carnivores; ecology of fear; habitat selection; diet choice; Panthera onca; Puma concolor; human-wildlife interactions; Canis latrans; Odocoileus virginianus
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APA (6th Edition):
Simoni, L. S. (2012). Living with Large Carnivores: Insights from Diet Choice, Habitat Use, and the Ecology of Fear. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Chicago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10027/9541
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Simoni, Leah S. “Living with Large Carnivores: Insights from Diet Choice, Habitat Use, and the Ecology of Fear.” 2012. Thesis, University of Illinois – Chicago. Accessed March 03, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10027/9541.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Simoni, Leah S. “Living with Large Carnivores: Insights from Diet Choice, Habitat Use, and the Ecology of Fear.” 2012. Web. 03 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Simoni LS. Living with Large Carnivores: Insights from Diet Choice, Habitat Use, and the Ecology of Fear. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 03].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/9541.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Simoni LS. Living with Large Carnivores: Insights from Diet Choice, Habitat Use, and the Ecology of Fear. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/9541
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Illinois – Chicago
2.
Osborne, Hilary Beth.
Hunger, Hiding, and Habitat: Observations and Game Theoretical Explorations of Foraging and Burrowing.
Degree: 2016, University of Illinois – Chicago
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/21533
► These five chapters cover a wide variety of subjects. First, we explored naked mole-rat foraging patterns via a laboratory study measuring how naked mole-rats allocated…
(more)
▼ These five chapters cover a wide variety of subjects. First, we explored naked mole-rat foraging patterns via a laboratory study measuring how naked mole-rats allocated their foraging efforts when searching for hidden treats. Contrary to our expectations of cooperative foraging, they appear to forage only for themselves, and may even hide information about food patches from one another: naked mole-rat society is apparently despotic rather than cooperative. Second, we traveled to Mapungubwe National Park, South Africa, to look at the distribution of aardvark-dug burrows, how quickly they appear and disappear, and how frequently they are used. We confirmed what many suspected: these burrows are distributed in a clumped pattern, and while they appear and collapse all the time, some last for many years and all have a good chance of being visited by some animal at any time. We also monitored dozens of burrows with camera traps to determine the identity of these burrow-users. Warthogs are king. This may reflect species abundance, as warthogs are quite numerous at Mapungubwe. The distribution of these burrows indicates that for aardvarks they are likely feeding digs, reflecting the clumped distribution of ant and termite nests. We then considered what actually happens when an aardvark tears into a termite mound. The termites can run away, send soldiers to defend the mound, or both. We created and explored a generalized model of how this additional decline, a form of behavioral resource depression, affects the time the predator spends in the patch and how much food they actually consume. We also took the first step toward combining this with the slow renewal of resources within a patch and how a finite number of these patches can affect the predator’
s long-term harvest. Finally, we modeled how hunger may affect a forager and its predator. Inspired by the well-studied gerbil–owl foraging game, we developed a model which shows that the likelihood a predator will hunt increases with the forager’
s hunger level.
Advisors/Committee Members: Brown, Joel S (advisor), Ale, Som B. (committee member), Berger-Wolf, Tanya (committee member), Park, Thomas J (committee member), Whelan, Christopher J (committee member), Brown, Joel S (chair).
Subjects/Keywords: burrow; foraging; game theory; aardvark; naked mole-rat; hunger
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APA (6th Edition):
Osborne, H. B. (2016). Hunger, Hiding, and Habitat: Observations and Game Theoretical Explorations of Foraging and Burrowing. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Chicago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10027/21533
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Osborne, Hilary Beth. “Hunger, Hiding, and Habitat: Observations and Game Theoretical Explorations of Foraging and Burrowing.” 2016. Thesis, University of Illinois – Chicago. Accessed March 03, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10027/21533.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Osborne, Hilary Beth. “Hunger, Hiding, and Habitat: Observations and Game Theoretical Explorations of Foraging and Burrowing.” 2016. Web. 03 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Osborne HB. Hunger, Hiding, and Habitat: Observations and Game Theoretical Explorations of Foraging and Burrowing. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 03].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/21533.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Osborne HB. Hunger, Hiding, and Habitat: Observations and Game Theoretical Explorations of Foraging and Burrowing. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/21533
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Illinois – Chicago
3.
Czupryna, Anna M.
The Ecology of Free-Roaming Domestic Dogs in Rural Villages near Serengeti National Park in Tanzania.
Degree: 2017, University of Illinois – Chicago
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/21898
► Free-roaming dogs, Canis lupus familiaris, can be both a public health and conservation concern. Between 2010 and 2013 we identified 2,649 dogs in four rural…
(more)
▼ Free-roaming dogs, Canis lupus familiaris, can be both a public health and conservation concern. Between 2010 and 2013 we identified 2,649 dogs in four rural villages in Tanzania. We characterized dog demography and ownership practices and investigated whether vaccination influences dog population dynamics. We found that adult dogs had higher survival than puppies in all villages. We observed a male-biased sex ratio across all age classes and higher adult male dog survival. Within the vaccination villages, vaccinated dogs had a decreased risk of death. However, overall mortality in one non-vaccination village was significantly higher than in the two vaccination villages and other non-vaccination village. Dogs in poor body condition had lower survival than dogs in ideal body condition in all villages. Sickness and spotted hyena, Crocuta crocuta, predation were the two main causes of dog death. Reproductive patterns were similar between vaccination and non-vaccination villages and we observed an overall male-biased litter sex ratio regardless of the mother’
s body condition. Dogs were owned and used primarily for livestock and household protection. We found that dog ownership was related to livestock ownership, household size, education, and house type. Thus, the number of dogs increases with household wealth. Stable isotope analyses of dog hair confirmed survey data and indicated that dogs were fed primarily a corn-based diet similar to human diet in the villages.Free-roaming domestic dogs in rural communities exist in the context of their human owners as well as the surrounding wildlife. Our results demonstrate that vaccination alone does not impact domestic dog population dynamics and that they may be mediated by humans. Understanding the role of dogs and their care within these communities is important for planning and implement rabies control measures such as mass dog vaccination.
Advisors/Committee Members: Brown, Joel S (advisor), Faust, Lisa J (advisor), Santymire, Rachel M (committee member), Mehta, Supriya D (committee member), Whelan, Christopher J (committee member), Gonzalez-Meler, Miquel (committee member), Brown, Joel S (chair).
Subjects/Keywords: Demography; Domestic dog; Free-roaming dog; Non-invasive endocrinology; Rabies; Stable isotopes; Survival analysis; Tanzania
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APA (6th Edition):
Czupryna, A. M. (2017). The Ecology of Free-Roaming Domestic Dogs in Rural Villages near Serengeti National Park in Tanzania. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Chicago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10027/21898
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Czupryna, Anna M. “The Ecology of Free-Roaming Domestic Dogs in Rural Villages near Serengeti National Park in Tanzania.” 2017. Thesis, University of Illinois – Chicago. Accessed March 03, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10027/21898.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Czupryna, Anna M. “The Ecology of Free-Roaming Domestic Dogs in Rural Villages near Serengeti National Park in Tanzania.” 2017. Web. 03 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Czupryna AM. The Ecology of Free-Roaming Domestic Dogs in Rural Villages near Serengeti National Park in Tanzania. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 03].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/21898.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Czupryna AM. The Ecology of Free-Roaming Domestic Dogs in Rural Villages near Serengeti National Park in Tanzania. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/21898
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Illinois – Chicago
4.
Fidino, Mason Allen.
Urban Wildlife Through Space and Time.
Degree: 2017, University of Illinois – Chicago
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/21904
► Much of my work is focused on developing techniques and methods to get the most ecologically relevant information as possible from observational data. First, I…
(more)
▼ Much of my work is focused on developing techniques and methods to get the most ecologically relevant information as possible from observational data. First, I illustrate common approaches used to analyze camera trap data with the analysis of a single species, the Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana), and show that this species has different habitat requirements throughout
Chicago as urbanization increases. My next study shows how to estimate species associations and co-occurrence rates with camera trap data, which I then validate with extensive use of simulations. Following this, I apply the model I developed to estimate rates of co-occurrence between coyote (Canis latrans), raccoon (Procyon lotor), and the Virginia opossum. While I predicted coyote would negatively influence the two smaller mesocarnivores, I found no evidence of this relationship in the data. In my next chapter, I develop an approach to estimate periodic trends in the spatiotemporal distribution of species by incorporating Fourier series into dynamic occupancy models. Overall, this approach accounts for between 30-73% of the temporal variability in the colonization rates of the species I analyzed. This approach also outperforms other more commonly used approaches that estimate temporal dynamics. In my final chapter, I develop an approach to quantify values and perceptions towards wildlife through comments made on social media. Collectively, I see my dissertation as setting a foundation for future empirical research through the creation of generalizable and robust statistical methods that can be used to answer both basic and applied problems in ecology.
Advisors/Committee Members: Brown, Joel S (advisor), Whelan, Christopher (committee member), Minor, Emily S (committee member), Demirtas, Hakan (committee member), Magle, Seth (committee member), Brown, Joel S (chair).
Subjects/Keywords: Bayesian; Camera traps; Occupancy modeling; Urban Wildlife
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APA (6th Edition):
Fidino, M. A. (2017). Urban Wildlife Through Space and Time. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Chicago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10027/21904
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Fidino, Mason Allen. “Urban Wildlife Through Space and Time.” 2017. Thesis, University of Illinois – Chicago. Accessed March 03, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10027/21904.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Fidino, Mason Allen. “Urban Wildlife Through Space and Time.” 2017. Web. 03 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Fidino MA. Urban Wildlife Through Space and Time. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 03].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/21904.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Fidino MA. Urban Wildlife Through Space and Time. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/21904
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Illinois – Chicago
5.
Halloway, Abdel H.
Competition Across Three Eco-Evolutionary Scales.
Degree: 2019, University of Illinois – Chicago
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/23655
► Competition is a fundamental ecological interaction, accounting for the origination, distribution, and extinction of species. It occurs at the smallest scales yet can also drive…
(more)
▼ Competition is a fundamental ecological interaction, accounting for the origination, distribution, and extinction of species. It occurs at the smallest scales yet can also drive larger scale phenomena. It is most often studied at the local scale, either between individuals within a population or between populations.This focus on smaller scale competition can bias the perception of how competition operates at even higher scales. In my dissertation, I analyze competitive dynamics at multiple scales to reveal the unique processes that govern each scale. At the smaller scales, I analyze how individual competitive interactions with regard to resource use can affect population structure. At moderate scales, I analyze how the diversity of competing populations can affect their evolutionary dynamics. At larger scales, I show how the fundamental adaptations of clades competing over the same resource can lead to mutual suppression of diversity and speciation process. Through this, I hope to expose the unique dynamical process of competition at multiple eco-evolutionary scales.
Advisors/Committee Members: Brown, Joel S (advisor), Whelan, Christopher J. (committee member), Howe, Henry F. (committee member), Stankova, Katerina (committee member), Berger-Wolf, Tanya Y. (committee member), Bona, Jerry L. (committee member), Brown, Joel S (chair).
Subjects/Keywords: evolution; ecology; game theory; evolutionary game theory; competition; scale
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Halloway, A. H. (2019). Competition Across Three Eco-Evolutionary Scales. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Chicago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10027/23655
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Halloway, Abdel H. “Competition Across Three Eco-Evolutionary Scales.” 2019. Thesis, University of Illinois – Chicago. Accessed March 03, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10027/23655.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Halloway, Abdel H. “Competition Across Three Eco-Evolutionary Scales.” 2019. Web. 03 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Halloway AH. Competition Across Three Eco-Evolutionary Scales. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 03].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/23655.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Halloway AH. Competition Across Three Eco-Evolutionary Scales. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/23655
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Illinois – Chicago
6.
Bleicher, Sonny S.
Divergent Behaviour amid Convergent Evolution: Common Garden Experiments with Desert Rodents and Vipers.
Degree: 2015, University of Illinois – Chicago
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/19398
► Desert ecosystems worldwide provide examples of convergent evolution for species and entire communities. In a series of common-garden experiments, I compare the communities of granivorous…
(more)
▼ Desert ecosystems worldwide provide examples of convergent evolution for species and entire communities. In a series of common-garden experiments, I compare the communities of granivorous rodents and their predators from North American and Middle Eastern Deserts. I used populations of two Heteromyid rodents from the Mojave Desert and two Gerbillines from the Negev. Each population’
s perception of risk of viper species, one known and one from the convergent system, was measured in three steps: initial (at first encounter), over a two month experiment of co-habitation with predators in a semi-natural arena, and post exposure.
The initial and post exposure “interviews” revealed that all four rodent species fear most their native viper species. However, after two months of exposure, all four species exhibit greater fear for the sidewinder rattlesnake (Crotalus cerastes) from the Mojave, a snake capable of infra-red vision, than for the Saharan horned viper (Cerastes cerastes) from the Negev, a snake “blind” on dark nights.
In the semi-natural arena (vivarium), all four species exhibited fear (higher giving-up densities in depletable food patches) of snakes and owls. As evidence of predator facilitation, all four rodents respond to owls by favoring the shrub cover and respond to snakes by favoring the open areas. More subtle responses to moonphase, particular viper species, and interactions of owls and snakes were rodent species specific. The evolutionary history with predators proved to be more important in shaping the evolution of anti-predator strategies than environmental forces of climate, substrate and food availability. Heteromyids, who evolved with heat sensing vipers exhibited fixed strategies that fluctuate in intensity based on the overall risk in the environment. The Gerbillines on the other hand reassess the risk based on the greatest threat in the environment. All species however respond to all vipers with the strategies best suited to the vipers they evolved with.
Advisors/Committee Members: Brown, Joel S. (advisor), Berger-Wolf, Tanya Y. (committee member), Mateo, Jill M. (committee member), Mitchell, William A. (committee member), Gonzalez-Meler, Miquel A. (committee member), Kotler, Burt P. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Allenby’s Gerbil (Gerbillus andersoni allebyi); Behavioural Ecology; Barn owl (Tyto alba); Convergent Evolution; Desert Pocket Mouse (Cheatodipus penicillatus); Desert dunes; Evolutionary Ecology; Gerbilline Rodents; Giving Up Densities (GUDs); Greater Egyptian Gerbil (Gerbillus pyramidum); Habitat Selection; Heteromyid Rodents; Landscapes of Fear; Merriam’s Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami); Optimal Patch Use; Predator-Prey Dynamics; Saharan Horned Viper (Cerastes cerastes); Sidewinder rattlesnake (Crotalus cerastes)
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Bleicher, S. S. (2015). Divergent Behaviour amid Convergent Evolution: Common Garden Experiments with Desert Rodents and Vipers. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Chicago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10027/19398
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Bleicher, Sonny S. “Divergent Behaviour amid Convergent Evolution: Common Garden Experiments with Desert Rodents and Vipers.” 2015. Thesis, University of Illinois – Chicago. Accessed March 03, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10027/19398.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Bleicher, Sonny S. “Divergent Behaviour amid Convergent Evolution: Common Garden Experiments with Desert Rodents and Vipers.” 2015. Web. 03 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Bleicher SS. Divergent Behaviour amid Convergent Evolution: Common Garden Experiments with Desert Rodents and Vipers. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 03].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/19398.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Bleicher SS. Divergent Behaviour amid Convergent Evolution: Common Garden Experiments with Desert Rodents and Vipers. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/19398
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Illinois – Chicago
7.
Lloyd, Mark C.
An Evolutionary and Ecological Investigation of Cancer.
Degree: 2016, University of Illinois – Chicago
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/20881
► I propose to investigate how Darwinian dynamics, as defined as the simultaneous evolution of populations and strategies on a continuous adaptive landscape, applies to cancer…
(more)
▼ I propose to investigate how Darwinian dynamics, as defined as the simultaneous evolution of populations and strategies on a continuous adaptive landscape, applies to cancer [Vincent 2005]. I am interested in investigating how and why intratumoral spatial heterogeneity of cancer cell populations, although sometimes initiated by random mutations, must be governed by identifiable Darwinian dynamics [Santos
2006, Gillies 2012]. My central hypothesis is that the physical morphology of cancer cells, which
can be observed and quantified, provides deep insight into adaptations governed by variations in selection forces within local microenvironments. Furthermore, I submit that an evaluation of the evolution of cancer’
s intratumoral heterogeneity is not chaotic or unpredictable, but can be understood by identifying regional variations in selection forces and adaptive strategies [Lloyd 2014].
Advisors/Committee Members: Brown, Joel S. (advisor), Mason-Gamer, Roberta J. (committee member), Minor, Emily S. (committee member), Gatenby, Robert A. (committee member), Bui, Marilyn M. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: ecology; cancer; evolution; heterogeneity; natural selection; regional variations; adaptive strategies; microenvironment
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APA ·
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to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Lloyd, M. C. (2016). An Evolutionary and Ecological Investigation of Cancer. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Chicago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10027/20881
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Lloyd, Mark C. “An Evolutionary and Ecological Investigation of Cancer.” 2016. Thesis, University of Illinois – Chicago. Accessed March 03, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10027/20881.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Lloyd, Mark C. “An Evolutionary and Ecological Investigation of Cancer.” 2016. Web. 03 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Lloyd MC. An Evolutionary and Ecological Investigation of Cancer. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 03].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/20881.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Lloyd MC. An Evolutionary and Ecological Investigation of Cancer. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/20881
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Illinois – Chicago
8.
Howell-Stephens, Jennifer A.
Assessing Welfare of Armadillos Using Hormonal & Foraging Indicators, and Patch Use in Argentinean Birds.
Degree: 2012, University of Illinois – Chicago
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/9485
► This dissertation explores aspects of endocrinology and foraging ecology to study the hormone profiles and well-being of zoo-housed three-banded armadillos (Tolypeutes matacus). It also uses…
(more)
▼ This dissertation explores aspects of endocrinology and foraging ecology to study the hormone profiles and well-being of zoo-housed three-banded armadillos (Tolypeutes matacus). It also uses foraging ecology to study foraging behavior in a seed-eating bird community in Argentina. Though the subjects may seem different, understanding how animals perceive and react to their environments is a common theme. Chapter 1 describes my journey to and through the dissertation, as I tackled my lab work, and broke free from my fear of field work. It also reflects my beliefs and personal goals for my post-doctorate career. Chapter 2 describes the characterization of the gonadal hormone activity of the zoo-housed three-banded armadillo. Non-invasive fecal hormone analysis was used to evaluate the fecal progestagen metabolites in females’ samples and fecal androgen metabolites in males’ samples using enzyme immunoassays. The third chapter describes the characterization of the adrenocortical activity of the zoo-housed three-banded armadillo. An adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) challenge was conducted (1 male, 1 female) to validate the physiological response of elevated adrenocortical activity expected from an increase in ACTH. Biological events (aggressive pairing, copulation, pregnancy, veterinary procedures) validated the biological elevation of adrenocortical activity in response to a stressor. A longitudinal study of the adrenocortical activity of male and female armadillos was also conducted. Chapter 4 examines the integration of evaluating the adrenocortical activity and foraging behavior in zoo-housed armadillos to determine how they perceive their environment to assess their well-being. Foraging patches were used to quantify foraging intensity (giving-up densities, GUDs) of armadillos within three patch treatments (varying substrate quantity, patch quality and bedding amount). Non-invasive fecal hormone analysis was used to evaluate the fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGM) in male and female samples using enzyme immunoassays. The fifth chapter addresses the foraging behavior of a seed-eating bird community in Argentina. The work supports the idea that birds are major seed consumers in South America and may out-compete rodents for seeds in these communities. Giving-up densities were measured to evaluate bird’
s foraging preferences. Camera traps allowed for the identification of species that foraged from food patches, along with their spatial and temporal patterns.
Advisors/Committee Members: Brown, Joel S. (advisor), Santymire, Rachel M. (committee member), Whelan, Chris (committee member), Gonzalez-Meler, Miquel A. (committee member), Park, Thomas J. (committee member), Rafacz, Michelle L. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: armadillo; fecal hormone analysis; progesterone; testosterone; cortisol; reproduction; adrenocortical activity; giving-up densities; bird; foraging behavior; patch use
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APA (6th Edition):
Howell-Stephens, J. A. (2012). Assessing Welfare of Armadillos Using Hormonal & Foraging Indicators, and Patch Use in Argentinean Birds. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Chicago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10027/9485
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Howell-Stephens, Jennifer A. “Assessing Welfare of Armadillos Using Hormonal & Foraging Indicators, and Patch Use in Argentinean Birds.” 2012. Thesis, University of Illinois – Chicago. Accessed March 03, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10027/9485.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Howell-Stephens, Jennifer A. “Assessing Welfare of Armadillos Using Hormonal & Foraging Indicators, and Patch Use in Argentinean Birds.” 2012. Web. 03 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Howell-Stephens JA. Assessing Welfare of Armadillos Using Hormonal & Foraging Indicators, and Patch Use in Argentinean Birds. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 03].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/9485.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Howell-Stephens JA. Assessing Welfare of Armadillos Using Hormonal & Foraging Indicators, and Patch Use in Argentinean Birds. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/9485
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
9.
Sombra, Moira S.
Foraging, Predation and Sociality in Maras (Dolichotis patagonum).
Degree: 2012, University of Illinois – Chicago
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/9524
► Dolichotis patagonum (Rodentia: Caviidae) inhabits the central and southern desertic plains of Argentina and can weigh up to 10 Kg as an adult. Commonly called…
(more)
▼ Dolichotis patagonum (Rodentia: Caviidae) inhabits the central and southern desertic plains of Argentina and can weigh up to 10 Kg as an adult. Commonly called mara or Patagonian cavy, this large rodent is a unique model to address foraging/predation questions. This study examines the foraging dynamics of maras, to begin to understand the role of predation risk on habitat selection and sociality in maras and took place in the Sierra de las Quijadas National Park, Central Argentina. Here, maras feed mainly on three habitats that vary in opportunities and challenges for vigilance, food availability, and cover from predators. I offered maras a set of artificial food patches with different levels of sight lines and examined maras’ habitat preference and response to vegetation structure in two ways: a) food patches in clearly distinguishable open or covered areas, and b) food patches as a grid with equal feeding opportunities at each station. In order to evidence the use of the patches by maras or other herbivores, motion sensor camera traps were installed at the different stations. The activity in front of these cameras was then analyzed as part of maras’ temporal habitat use section. Maras foraged significantly more in open than in covered bushy habitats when pumas are present in the area on the triplets experiment (P<0.001). Maras also displayed a complex set of behaviors regarding territory defense (marking, aggression) in response to artificial food patches at the microhabitat level. Data showed that not only maras prefer habitats with low vegetation cover and good sightlines but also visit artificial food patches during hours of light more often than during the night. These findings suggest that predation plays an important role on maras’ habitat selection and use. Individuals foraging in pares alternated foraging and vigilance such that one member of the pair was vigilante at all times. In addition, results on the landscape of fear for maras supported the species’ sensitivity to poor sightlines. There was a significant difference between food left behind in patches with a higher removal for patches with lower plant cover.
Advisors/Committee Members: Brown, Joel S. (advisor), Mason-Gamer, Roberta (committee member), Gonzalez-Meler, Miquel (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Dolichotis patagonum; Giving up densities; Foraging and predation; Sierra de las Quijadas
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APA ·
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Sombra, M. S. (2012). Foraging, Predation and Sociality in Maras (Dolichotis patagonum). (Thesis). University of Illinois – Chicago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10027/9524
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Sombra, Moira S. “Foraging, Predation and Sociality in Maras (Dolichotis patagonum).” 2012. Thesis, University of Illinois – Chicago. Accessed March 03, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10027/9524.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Sombra, Moira S. “Foraging, Predation and Sociality in Maras (Dolichotis patagonum).” 2012. Web. 03 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Sombra MS. Foraging, Predation and Sociality in Maras (Dolichotis patagonum). [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 03].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/9524.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Sombra MS. Foraging, Predation and Sociality in Maras (Dolichotis patagonum). [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/9524
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
10.
Troxell-Smith, Sandra M.
Welfare Assessment Through Foraging: Understanding the Animals' Points of View.
Degree: 2016, University of Illinois – Chicago
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/21246
► As a behavioral ecologist, I implement studies based in foraging theory and ecology to develop a quantifiable metric to understand animal environmental preferences, and how…
(more)
▼ As a behavioral ecologist, I implement studies based in foraging theory and ecology to develop a quantifiable metric to understand animal environmental preferences, and how those preferences influence animal decision-making. I utilized this approach in laboratory, zoo, and wild species, and each of my five dissertation chapters investigates a novel application and integration of foraging ecology and animal behavior.
Chapter I: I utilized foraging ecology principles to determine effects of domestication on the problem-solving and foraging strategies of laboratory vs. wild-caught house mice (Mus musculus). Domesticated laboratory strains adopted more energy-efficient foraging strategies, and responded more favorably to foraging challenges than their wild counterparts (Troxell-Smith et. al, 2016). This study advanced existing literature regarding how the domestication process influences problem-solving and resource acquisition in laboratory species.
Chapter II: I assessed the environmental preferences of zoo-housed okapi (Okapia johnstoni). Based on intensity of foraging in experimental patches, I found that individuals greatly varied their response to, and utilization of, the same exhibit space. I conclude that individual behavioral differences in environmental preference must be incorporated into animal management and welfare decisions.
Chapter III: I implemented foraging patch studies to: a) quantify the efficacy of patch use studies as an enrichment opportunity, and b) determine the spatial and foraging preferences for zoo-housed Parma wallabies (Macropus parma), and Patagonian maras (Dolichotis patagonum). Food patches reliably revealed environmental preferences, increased foraging time, and decreased the frequency of inactive behaviors for both species, demonstrating the utility of implementing the food patch technique as a method to assess captive animal welfare.
Chapter IV: I examined the effects of implementing social separation (visual barriers) on stereotypic behavior in an adult female okapi (Troxell-Smith & Miller, 2016). Visual barrier installation drastically reduced okapi stereotypic behavior, suggesting that captive social situations have important impacts on animal welfare.
Chapter V: I established personality metrics for ten individual brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) in the Ku-Ring-Gai Chase National Park, NSW, Australia. Possums were released and monitored to determine individual differences in food quality preference and response to environmental risk. This work advances understanding of how individual personality traits influence environmental and ecological choices.
Advisors/Committee Members: Brown, Joel S. (advisor), Whelan, Christopher J. (committee member), Leonard, John (committee member), Schmidt, Jennifer (committee member), Nelson, Karin (committee member), Watters, Jason V. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Behavioral Ecology; Animal Welfare; Foraging Ecology; Giving-up Density; Behavioral Enrichment; Zoo-housed species; Exhibit use; Landscape of comfort
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APA ·
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Export
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Troxell-Smith, S. M. (2016). Welfare Assessment Through Foraging: Understanding the Animals' Points of View. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Chicago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10027/21246
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Troxell-Smith, Sandra M. “Welfare Assessment Through Foraging: Understanding the Animals' Points of View.” 2016. Thesis, University of Illinois – Chicago. Accessed March 03, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10027/21246.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Troxell-Smith, Sandra M. “Welfare Assessment Through Foraging: Understanding the Animals' Points of View.” 2016. Web. 03 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Troxell-Smith SM. Welfare Assessment Through Foraging: Understanding the Animals' Points of View. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 03].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/21246.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Troxell-Smith SM. Welfare Assessment Through Foraging: Understanding the Animals' Points of View. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/21246
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
11.
Flower, Charles E.
Impacts of the Invasive Emerald Ash Borer on Ash Tree Physiology and Forest Ecology.
Degree: 2013, University of Illinois – Chicago
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/9935
► Invasive species are widely recognized as altering species and community dynamics, but their impacts on biogeochemical cycling and ecosystem processes are less understood. I investigated…
(more)
▼ Invasive species are widely recognized as altering species and community dynamics, but their impacts on biogeochemical cycling and ecosystem processes are less understood. I investigated the impacts of the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, EAB), a phloem feeding beetle that was inadvertently introduced to the US in the 1990’
s, on ash tree physiology and forest ecosystem dynamics.
Advisors/Committee Members: Gonzalez-Meler, Miquel A. (advisor), Brown, Joel S. (committee member), Whelan, Christopher (committee member), Knight, Kathleen S. (committee member), Scharenbroch, Bryant (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Emerald ash borer; Fraxinus; disturbance; carbon; sapflux; net ecosystem production
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Flower, C. E. (2013). Impacts of the Invasive Emerald Ash Borer on Ash Tree Physiology and Forest Ecology. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Chicago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10027/9935
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Flower, Charles E. “Impacts of the Invasive Emerald Ash Borer on Ash Tree Physiology and Forest Ecology.” 2013. Thesis, University of Illinois – Chicago. Accessed March 03, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10027/9935.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Flower, Charles E. “Impacts of the Invasive Emerald Ash Borer on Ash Tree Physiology and Forest Ecology.” 2013. Web. 03 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Flower CE. Impacts of the Invasive Emerald Ash Borer on Ash Tree Physiology and Forest Ecology. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 03].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/9935.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Flower CE. Impacts of the Invasive Emerald Ash Borer on Ash Tree Physiology and Forest Ecology. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/9935
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
12.
Baker, Phillip M.
Contributions of the Prelimbic Cortex and Basal Ganglia Circuitry to Proactive Behavioral Switching.
Degree: 2013, University of Illinois – Chicago
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/9977
► Frontal cortex- basal ganglia circuitry supports behavioral switching when a change in outcome information is used to shift strategies. Less is known about whether specific…
(more)
▼ Frontal cortex- basal ganglia circuitry supports behavioral switching when a change in outcome information is used to shift strategies. Less is known about whether specific frontal cortex-basal ganglia circuitry supports proactive switching when cues signal that a change in strategies should occur. The present experiments investigated whether the prelimbic cortex and its connections with two basal ganglia structures, the subthalamic nucleus, and the dorsomedial striatum in male Long-Evans rats supports proactive switching between visual cue-place associations. In a cross-maze, rats learned a conditional discrimination in which a start arm cue (black or white) signaled which one of two maze arms to enter for a food reward. The cue was switched every 3-6 trials. In the first set of experiments, baclofen and muscimol infused into the prelimbic cortex significantly impaired performance by increasing switch trial errors, as well as trials immediately following a switch trial (perseveration) and after initially making a correct switch (maintenance error). NMDA receptor blockade in the subthalamic nucleus significantly impaired performance by increasing switch errors and perseveration. Contralateral disconnection of these areas significantly reduced proactive switching accuracy by increasing switch and perseverative errors. These findings suggest that the prelimbic area and subthalamic nucleus support the use of cue information to facilitate inhibition of a previously relevant response pattern. In the second set of experiments, results of prelimbic cortex inactivation were confirmed in a second group of animals. Additionally, NMDA receptor blockade in the dorsomedial striatum resulted in an increase in switch, perseverative, and maintenance errors due to an increase in the likelihood of a rat to miss an entire block of trials. Contralateral disconnection of the prelimbic and dorsomedial striatal areas also increased all errors because of an increase in missed blocks of trials. These results suggest that the prelimbic cortex and dorsomedial striatum support the use of cue information to select and maintain a strategy throughout a block of trials. Overall, results from both sets of experiments suggest that the prelimbic cortex interacts with both the subthalamic nucleus and dorsomedial striatum in a top-down manner to execute proactive switches in behavior when cues guide strategy switches.
Advisors/Committee Members: Roitman, Jamie D. (advisor), Ragozzino, Michael E. (committee member), Brown, Joel S. (committee member), Wirtshafter, David (committee member), Roitman, Mitchell F. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: hyperdirect pathway; prefrontal cortex; corticostriatal; disconnection; cognitive flexibility; proactive switching
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APA ·
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CSE |
Export
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Baker, P. M. (2013). Contributions of the Prelimbic Cortex and Basal Ganglia Circuitry to Proactive Behavioral Switching. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Chicago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10027/9977
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Baker, Phillip M. “Contributions of the Prelimbic Cortex and Basal Ganglia Circuitry to Proactive Behavioral Switching.” 2013. Thesis, University of Illinois – Chicago. Accessed March 03, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10027/9977.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Baker, Phillip M. “Contributions of the Prelimbic Cortex and Basal Ganglia Circuitry to Proactive Behavioral Switching.” 2013. Web. 03 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Baker PM. Contributions of the Prelimbic Cortex and Basal Ganglia Circuitry to Proactive Behavioral Switching. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 03].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/9977.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Baker PM. Contributions of the Prelimbic Cortex and Basal Ganglia Circuitry to Proactive Behavioral Switching. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/9977
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
13.
Hunt, Victoria M.
A Consumer-Resource Framework for Evaluating Anthropogenic Effects on Wildlife and Habitat.
Degree: 2016, University of Illinois – Chicago
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/20810
► I use a consumer-resource framework to narrow the gap between data and theory in the study of competitive coexistence. First, I develop a generalizable consumer-resource…
(more)
▼ I use a consumer-resource framework to narrow the gap between data and theory in the study of competitive coexistence. First, I develop a generalizable consumer-resource model with implications for wildlife populations that are subsidized by humans. The model suggests that improving local conditions of consumers in one habitat may displace consumers from a spatially separate habitat if the consumers require a shared resource. I describe how outcomes from the model could be evaluated empirically. I then present two studies in which I use classical field ecology to investigate population dynamics in urban wildlife consumer species. Eastern cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus) in an urban park occurred in higher population densities than populations in natural habitats, a potential consequence of subsidization via landscaping. In a study of Black-Crowned Night-Herons (BCNH; Nycticorax nycticorax) in
Chicago, BCNH showed behavioral flexibility in habitat selection. This flexibility may be facilitated by an overabundance of a resource shared among multiple colonies over an expansive area: the Lake Michigan foodshed. In the last three chapters, I describe management efforts to control invasive species, and environmental conditions that may affect success of such efforts to intentionally reassign resources (e.g., physical space and soil nutrients) from invasive consumers to diverse assemblages of native consumers. This work demonstrates the utility of applying a consumer-resource framework in a range of ecological scenarios to achieve conservation objectives. I propose expanding this approach to address the core challenge put forward by reconciliation ecology; increasing biodiversity in habitats that meet both human land-use needs and the needs of non-human species.
Advisors/Committee Members: Brown, Joel S. (advisor), Plotnick, Roy E. (committee member), Minor, Emily S. (committee member), Lonsdorf, Eric V. (committee member), Larkin, Daniel J. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: consumer-resource model; ecology; urban wildlife; adaptive management; invasive species; reconciliation ecology; population ecology
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Hunt, V. M. (2016). A Consumer-Resource Framework for Evaluating Anthropogenic Effects on Wildlife and Habitat. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Chicago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10027/20810
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hunt, Victoria M. “A Consumer-Resource Framework for Evaluating Anthropogenic Effects on Wildlife and Habitat.” 2016. Thesis, University of Illinois – Chicago. Accessed March 03, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10027/20810.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hunt, Victoria M. “A Consumer-Resource Framework for Evaluating Anthropogenic Effects on Wildlife and Habitat.” 2016. Web. 03 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Hunt VM. A Consumer-Resource Framework for Evaluating Anthropogenic Effects on Wildlife and Habitat. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 03].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/20810.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Hunt VM. A Consumer-Resource Framework for Evaluating Anthropogenic Effects on Wildlife and Habitat. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/20810
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
14.
Orlando, Paul A.
The Evolutionary ecology of physiological constraints in ecological communities and HPV-induced cancer.
Degree: 2012, University of Illinois – Chicago
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/9573
► I use consumer resource theory and evolutionary game theory in developing theory with regards to physiology, protists, and viruses. I use differential equation consumer resource…
(more)
▼ I use consumer resource theory and evolutionary game theory in developing theory with regards to physiology, protists, and viruses. I use differential equation consumer resource systems to provide an ecological basis for theoretical exploration. And I use game theory to model natural selection within an ecological context.
I investigate the effects of stoichiometric constraints on consumers in a graphical framework. I found that when stoichiometry is integrated into consumer resource models, ecological communities take on a more complex array of possible states. When resource equilibrium abundances are low, ecological communities are nearly identical to those used to characterize animal communities based on substitutable resources. However, when resource equilibrium abundances are high, ecological communities are similar to those used to characterize plant communities based on essential resources.
I investigate the effects of species that can switch trophic levels by a morphologic transformation on ecological communities. I found that these species often stabilize population dynamics, which favors each morph as a separate species. I conclude that switching species likely evolve in environments with stochastic resource fluctuations or extrinsic drivers of resource levels. I also found that although switching species can fill diverse ecological niches in a community, they do not necessarily restrict diversity.
I investigate the role of digestive physiology coupled with the digestive properties of resources in structuring ecological communities. I found that bulky resources select for large guts with long throughput times, and high energy/volume resources select for small guts and short throughput times. Most resource pairs lead to the evolution of a specialist on the richer resource followed by the invasion and evolution of a generalist.
I also applied theory to HPV induced cancers. I hypothesized that HPV faces a life history tradeoff, where HR HPV is persistent but not very infectious, and vice versa for low-risk HPV. We found that different sexual subcultures within the human population could explain the origin and maintenance of these distinct HPV types.
Furthermore, I made a PDE model of HPV infection within mucosal tissue to discover the links between cell population dynamics and HPV protein expression. And how somatic evolution of cells produces tissue level changes. I found that HPV’
s proteins likely increase the density of tissue at which cells can divide and possibly also slow the migration rate of cells to the skin surface. I also found that somatic evolution is an alternative explanation for tissue level changes observed during high-risk HPV infection.
Advisors/Committee Members: Brown, Joel S. (advisor), Mitchell, William A. (committee member), Grande, Terry (committee member), Buhse, Howard E. (committee member), Whelan, Christopher J. (committee member), Nyberg, Dennis W. (committee member), Gatenby, Robert A. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Evolutionary game theory; Consumer-reosurce model; Community structure; Ecological stoichiometry; Polymorphic species; Human Papillomavirus; Oncogenic Virus
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Orlando, P. A. (2012). The Evolutionary ecology of physiological constraints in ecological communities and HPV-induced cancer. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Chicago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10027/9573
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Orlando, Paul A. “The Evolutionary ecology of physiological constraints in ecological communities and HPV-induced cancer.” 2012. Thesis, University of Illinois – Chicago. Accessed March 03, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10027/9573.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Orlando, Paul A. “The Evolutionary ecology of physiological constraints in ecological communities and HPV-induced cancer.” 2012. Web. 03 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Orlando PA. The Evolutionary ecology of physiological constraints in ecological communities and HPV-induced cancer. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 03].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/9573.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Orlando PA. The Evolutionary ecology of physiological constraints in ecological communities and HPV-induced cancer. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/9573
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
15.
Seltzer, Carrie E.
Seed Dispersal and Regeneration in a Tanzanian Rainforest.
Degree: 2014, University of Illinois – Chicago
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/11246
► This work is united by the themes of plant-animal interactions and the ways in which human activity can alter the interactions, with a focus on…
(more)
▼ This work is united by the themes of plant-animal interactions and the ways in which human activity can alter the interactions, with a focus on Afrotropical forests. The Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania and Kenya are biodiversity hotspots with numerous species of plants and animals that occur nowhere else. Many of the plants rely on birds, bats, primates, rodents, or other mammals to disperse their seeds. One of the best-studied areas in Eastern Arc Mountains is the East Usambara Mountains in northeastern Tanzania. The first four chapters examine seed dispersal in and around the Amani Nature Reserve, which protects the largest area of submontane rainforest in the East Usambaras. Chapters one and four deal with seed dispersal by fruit bats in the family Pteropodidae. The first chapter draws attention to the importance of bats as seed dispersers by using observations from Amani and other published observations to point out the general neglect of bats as seed dispersers in Africa. The fourth chapter quantifies seed rain from bats in the context of comparisons between continuous forest and forest fragments. Chapters two and three examine how seed harvest by humans of a rodent-dispersed endemic canopy tree may affect dispersal and fate of the remaining seeds, and if enrichment planting of seeds could be a useful management tool. The last chapter takes a continental perspective on seed dispersal and frugivory in Africa by using thousands of published observations in an attempt to reveal patterns that may be more difficult to see at the local scale. These broad-scale patterns have potential to reveal trends in plant-animal coevolution, and may allow us to predict the ramifications of local extinction for other plant and animal groups.
Advisors/Committee Members: Howe, Henry F. (advisor), Cordeiro, Norbert J. (advisor), Cordeiro, Norbert J. (committee member), Brown, Joel S. (committee member), Minor, Emily (committee member), Ndangalasi, Henry J. (committee member), Patterson, Bruce (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: seed dispersal; fruit bats; tropical ecology
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APA (6th Edition):
Seltzer, C. E. (2014). Seed Dispersal and Regeneration in a Tanzanian Rainforest. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Chicago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10027/11246
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Seltzer, Carrie E. “Seed Dispersal and Regeneration in a Tanzanian Rainforest.” 2014. Thesis, University of Illinois – Chicago. Accessed March 03, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10027/11246.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Seltzer, Carrie E. “Seed Dispersal and Regeneration in a Tanzanian Rainforest.” 2014. Web. 03 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Seltzer CE. Seed Dispersal and Regeneration in a Tanzanian Rainforest. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 03].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/11246.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Seltzer CE. Seed Dispersal and Regeneration in a Tanzanian Rainforest. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/11246
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
. 
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