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University of Colorado
1.
Macpherson, Brian Daniel.
Enthalpy-Based Models for Ice Sheets and Improving Understanding of Cryo-Hydrologic Warming.
Degree: MS, 2013, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/cven_gradetds/461 
► There is widespread evidence for a rise in the Equilibrium Line Altitude (ELA) in many areas of the Greenland Ice Sheet. In a recent study…
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▼ There is widespread evidence for a rise in the Equilibrium Line Altitude (ELA) in many areas of the Greenland Ice Sheet. In a recent study (Ettema et al., 2009) West Greenland was found to have experienced a 3.9% increase in area experiencing melt annually. In the wet snow and ablation zones, much of the melt water will enter the englacial hydrologic system via moulins, crevasses and surface fractures (Harper et al., 2012). Of this englacial water, a fraction may persist in the Cryo-Hydrologic System (CHS) (Rennermalm et al., 2012) long enough to refreeze, releasing latent heat and warming the background ice. Because the geometry of the CHS is difficult to constrain, we modeled the small-scale thermodynamics for several "end-member" scenarios that capture a range of plausible CHS geometries. In particular, we considered crevasses and deeper water bodies subject to one-time water filling, and crevasses that are filled annually and drain via a diffuse drainage system into a fracture network. We found that warming from shallow crevasses is largely driven by 1D horizontal conduction and that the warming is limited by the depth of crevasse penetration. Deep but not fully penetrating englacial water bodies can warm the lower layer of the ice sheet where the increase in the Flow Law Parameter has the greatest impact on ice velocity. The horizontal velocity gradient also caused stretching of deep englacial water bodies, which decreases refreezing time of liquid water at depth. Finally, drainage of crevasses through fracture networks was found to be an efficient mechanism to transport liquid water to depth. The small cross-sectional area, large surface area, and heterogeneity of the fractures provided the fastest and most efficient release of latent heat into the background ice. Based on the modeling results, we propose simple mathematical parameterizations that may be used to represent CHW in large-scale ice sheet models. We also share a new module written for the Community Ice Sheet Model (CISM) that solves the ice sheet thermodynamics using an enthalpy method and replaces a cold ice method module.
Advisors/Committee Members: Harihar Rajaram, John Crimaldi, Waleed Abdalati.
Subjects/Keywords: cryosphere; glaciology; hydrology; ice sheet modeling; water; Civil Engineering; Environmental Sciences
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APA (6th Edition):
Macpherson, B. D. (2013). Enthalpy-Based Models for Ice Sheets and Improving Understanding of Cryo-Hydrologic Warming. (Masters Thesis). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/cven_gradetds/461
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Macpherson, Brian Daniel. “Enthalpy-Based Models for Ice Sheets and Improving Understanding of Cryo-Hydrologic Warming.” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of Colorado. Accessed January 18, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/cven_gradetds/461.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Macpherson, Brian Daniel. “Enthalpy-Based Models for Ice Sheets and Improving Understanding of Cryo-Hydrologic Warming.” 2013. Web. 18 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Macpherson BD. Enthalpy-Based Models for Ice Sheets and Improving Understanding of Cryo-Hydrologic Warming. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Colorado; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 18].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/cven_gradetds/461.
Council of Science Editors:
Macpherson BD. Enthalpy-Based Models for Ice Sheets and Improving Understanding of Cryo-Hydrologic Warming. [Masters Thesis]. University of Colorado; 2013. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/cven_gradetds/461
University of Colorado
2.
Byrne, Erin.
The Post-Fragmentation Probability Density for Bacterial Aggregates.
Degree: PhD, Applied Mathematics, 2011, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/appm_gradetds/19
► The post-fragmentation probability density of daughter flocs is one of the least well-understood aspects of modeling flocculation. This dissertation addresses the problem of determining…
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▼ The post-fragmentation probability density of daughter flocs is one of the least well-understood aspects of modeling flocculation. This dissertation addresses the problem of determining an appropriate post-fragmentation probability density for common aggregate and biolm forming bacterial species, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphiloccocus epidermidis. We seek to characterize the post-fragmentation density using a three-pronged approach. First, we use 3D positional data of K. pneumoniae bacterial flocs in suspension and the knowledge of hydrodynamic properties of a laminar flow field and propose a model to construct a probability density of floc volumes after a fragmentation event, and we provide computational results which predict that the primary fragmentation mechanism for large flocs is erosion. Second, we consider an abstract evolution model for the flocculation dynamics and establish existence and well-posedness of solutions to the inverse problem. Third, a numerical approximation scheme based on the model is presented for inferring the post-fragmentation density from laboratory data for bacterial population size distribution, and the stability and robustness of identifying the post-fragmentation density is examined.
Advisors/Committee Members: David M. Bortz, John Crimaldi, Keith Julien.
Subjects/Keywords: Applied Mathematics
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APA (6th Edition):
Byrne, E. (2011). The Post-Fragmentation Probability Density for Bacterial Aggregates. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/appm_gradetds/19
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Byrne, Erin. “The Post-Fragmentation Probability Density for Bacterial Aggregates.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 18, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/appm_gradetds/19.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Byrne, Erin. “The Post-Fragmentation Probability Density for Bacterial Aggregates.” 2011. Web. 18 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Byrne E. The Post-Fragmentation Probability Density for Bacterial Aggregates. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 18].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/appm_gradetds/19.
Council of Science Editors:
Byrne E. The Post-Fragmentation Probability Density for Bacterial Aggregates. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2011. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/appm_gradetds/19
University of Colorado
3.
Treinen, John Matthew.
Modelling Transport and Deposition of Coarse Particles in Viscoplastic Tailings Beach Flows.
Degree: PhD, 2017, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/cven_gradetds/406
► The flow of thickened mine tailings within a tailings storage facility is a complex interaction between unconstrained viscoplastic free surface flow and possible coarse…
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▼ The flow of thickened mine tailings within a tailings storage facility is a complex interaction between unconstrained viscoplastic free surface flow and possible coarse particle settling within the flow depth. The broad focus of this work is developing a robust framework for modelling tailings beach flows. Modelling tailings flow evolution in three dimensions within a storage facility will ultimately provide greater understanding of beach slope formation, as well as the ability to optimize deposition sequencing. This thesis focuses on the first step of developing a tailings model considering the transport and settling of mono-sized coarse particles within two dimensional (length and depth) laminar viscoplastic carrier fluid sheet flow. The 2D model consists of a semi-implicit finite difference shallow water sheet flow model for predicting the viscoplastic flow depth and discharge down the beach. The coarse particle transport and hindered settling within the flow are predicted using a scalar transport model. The scalar transport and shallow water flow model are coupled together using coarse particle rheology augmentation. Two key novel advancements were made through the model development. The first is coupling the coarse particle rheology augmentation within the free surface flow to the coarse particle hindered settling behavior with depth. This coupling allows for the rheology augmentation due to the coarse solid fraction to be incorporated seamlessly into both the fluid flow solver and the particle settling model. The second advancement is expanding the rheology augmentation and hindered settling coupling to particle flows beyond the Stoke’s flow regime. Ultimately, the 2D model results are compared against Spelay’s (2007) laminar settling experimental measurements for oil sand thickened tailings (TT) and composite tailings (CT) slurries, along with Spelay’s 1D settling model. The 2D model provides improved prediction of the particle concentration profiles within the fluid flow compared to the 1D model. The 2D model is also able to predict the increase in flow depth due to the particle accumulation on the bed, as well as the downslope particle transport and settling behavior.
Advisors/Committee Members: Dobroslav Znidarcic, Harihar Rajaram, Arno Talmon, Ryan Spelay, John Crimaldi.
Subjects/Keywords: beach flow; hindered settling; numerical modelling; rheology; sheet flow; tailings; Civil Engineering; Mining Engineering
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APA (6th Edition):
Treinen, J. M. (2017). Modelling Transport and Deposition of Coarse Particles in Viscoplastic Tailings Beach Flows. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/cven_gradetds/406
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Treinen, John Matthew. “Modelling Transport and Deposition of Coarse Particles in Viscoplastic Tailings Beach Flows.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 18, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/cven_gradetds/406.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Treinen, John Matthew. “Modelling Transport and Deposition of Coarse Particles in Viscoplastic Tailings Beach Flows.” 2017. Web. 18 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Treinen JM. Modelling Transport and Deposition of Coarse Particles in Viscoplastic Tailings Beach Flows. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 18].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/cven_gradetds/406.
Council of Science Editors:
Treinen JM. Modelling Transport and Deposition of Coarse Particles in Viscoplastic Tailings Beach Flows. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2017. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/cven_gradetds/406
University of Colorado
4.
Maiden, Michelle.
Dispersive hydrodynamics in viscous fluid conduits.
Degree: PhD, Applied Mathematics, 2019, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/appm_gradetds/141
► Viscous fluid conduits provide an ideal system for the study of dissipationless, dispersive hydrodynamics. A dense, viscous fluid serves as the background medium through…
(more)
▼ Viscous fluid conduits provide an ideal system for the study of dissipationless, dispersive hydrodynamics. A dense, viscous fluid serves as the background medium through which a lighter, less viscous fluid buoyantly rises. If the interior fluid is continuously injected, a deformable pipe forms. The long wave interfacial dynamics are well-described by a dispersive nonlinear partial differential equation called the conduit equation.
Experiments, numerics, and asymptotics of the viscous fluid conduit system will be presented. Structures at multiple length scales are characterized, including solitary waves, periodic waves, and dispersive shock waves. A more generic class of large-scale disturbances is also studied and found to emit solitary waves whose number and amplitudes can be obtained. Of particular interest is the interaction of structures of different scales, such as solitary waves and dispersive shock waves. In the development of these theories for the conduit equation, we have uncovered asymptotic methods that are applicable to a wide range of dispersive hydrodynamic systems.
The conduit equation is nonintegrable, so exact methods such as the inverse scattering transform cannot be implemented. Instead, approximations of the conduit equation are studied, including the Whitham modulation equations, which can be derived for any dispersive hydrodynamic system with a periodic wave solution family and at least two conservation laws. The combination of the conduit equation's tractability and the relative ease of the associated experiments make this a model system for studying a wide range of dispersive hydrodynamic phenomena.
Advisors/Committee Members: Mark A. Hoefer, Gennady El, Keith Julien, John Crimaldi, Daniel Appelo.
Subjects/Keywords: Fluid Dynamics; Partial Differential Equations
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APA (6th Edition):
Maiden, M. (2019). Dispersive hydrodynamics in viscous fluid conduits. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/appm_gradetds/141
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Maiden, Michelle. “Dispersive hydrodynamics in viscous fluid conduits.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 18, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/appm_gradetds/141.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Maiden, Michelle. “Dispersive hydrodynamics in viscous fluid conduits.” 2019. Web. 18 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Maiden M. Dispersive hydrodynamics in viscous fluid conduits. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 18].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/appm_gradetds/141.
Council of Science Editors:
Maiden M. Dispersive hydrodynamics in viscous fluid conduits. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2019. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/appm_gradetds/141
University of Colorado
5.
Pratt, Kenneth R.
Coalescence, Clustering, and Chaotic Stirring: the Role of Lagrangian Coherent Structures in the Mixing and Unmixing of Scalars.
Degree: PhD, Civil, Environmental & Architectural Engineering, 2016, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/cven_gradetds/67
► Turbulent flows are renowned for their ability to efficiently dilute scalars due to rapid mixing. The structure of turbulent flows that leads to efficient mixing,…
(more)
▼ Turbulent flows are renowned for their ability to efficiently dilute scalars due to rapid mixing. The structure of turbulent flows that leads to efficient mixing, however, has also been shown to organize scalars in specific regions of the flow. Due to structured stirring, initially distant reactive scalars that are separated by a third non-reactive fluid have been shown to organize in regions at times shorter than that required for dilution, leading to reaction enhancement. This thesis examines the coalescence of initially distant scalars using numerics, analytics, and experiments to infer the role that Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS) play in the coalescence process. In addition, scalar coalescence and clustering on an effectively compressible free-surface (such as the surface of the ocean) is examined to quantify whether non-divergence-free effects increase the likelihood of reaction enhancement. We show that LCS are responsible for coalescence in incompressible flows due to coherent stretching that attracts distant filaments. In non-divergence-free flows, the LCS has an additional dilatation component that 1) facilitates the coalescence process, which increases the likelihood of reaction enhancement, and 2) leads to the formation of clusters from initially well-mixed scalars. The instantaneous structure of turbulent flows, whether in an incompressible or compressible environment, is essential in facilitating the coalescence of initially distant scalars, which leads to reaction rates that can far exceed those from random diffusive mixing.
Advisors/Committee Members: John Crimaldi, Harihar Rajaram, James Meiss, Roseanna Neupauer, Peter Hamlington.
Subjects/Keywords: Chaotic stirring; coalescence; initially distant scalars; Lagrangian coherent structures; Civil Engineering; Physics
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APA (6th Edition):
Pratt, K. R. (2016). Coalescence, Clustering, and Chaotic Stirring: the Role of Lagrangian Coherent Structures in the Mixing and Unmixing of Scalars. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/cven_gradetds/67
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Pratt, Kenneth R. “Coalescence, Clustering, and Chaotic Stirring: the Role of Lagrangian Coherent Structures in the Mixing and Unmixing of Scalars.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 18, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/cven_gradetds/67.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Pratt, Kenneth R. “Coalescence, Clustering, and Chaotic Stirring: the Role of Lagrangian Coherent Structures in the Mixing and Unmixing of Scalars.” 2016. Web. 18 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Pratt KR. Coalescence, Clustering, and Chaotic Stirring: the Role of Lagrangian Coherent Structures in the Mixing and Unmixing of Scalars. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 18].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/cven_gradetds/67.
Council of Science Editors:
Pratt KR. Coalescence, Clustering, and Chaotic Stirring: the Role of Lagrangian Coherent Structures in the Mixing and Unmixing of Scalars. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2016. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/cven_gradetds/67
University of Colorado
6.
Mitchell, Rebecca Amelia.
Designing a Finite-Time Mixer: Optimizing Stirring for Two-Dimensional Maps.
Degree: PhD, Applied Mathematics, 2017, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/appm_gradetds/94
► Mixing of a passive scalar in a fluid flow results from a two part process in which large gradients are first created by advection and…
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▼ Mixing of a passive scalar in a fluid flow results from a two part process in which large gradients are first created by advection and then smoothed by diffusion. We investigate methods of designing efficient stirrers to optimize mixing of a passive scalar in a two-dimensional nonautonomous, incompressible flow over a finite time interval. The flow is modeled by a sequence of area-preserving maps whose parameters change in time, defining a mixing protocol. Stirring efficiency is measured by the mix norm, a negative Sobolev seminorm; its decrease implies creation of fine-scale structure. A Perron-Frobenius operator is used to numerically advect the scalar for three examples: compositions of Chirikov standard maps, of Harper maps, and of blinking vortex maps. In the case of the standard maps, we find that a protocol corresponding to a single vertical shear composed with horizontal shearing at all other steps is nearly optimal. For the Harper maps, we devise a predictive, one-step scheme to choose appropriate fixed point stabilities and to control the Fourier spectrum evolution to obtain a near optimal protocol. For the blinking vortex model, we devise two schemes: A one-step predictive scheme to determine a vortex location, which has modest success in producing an efficient stirring protocol, and a scheme that finds the true optimal choice of vortex positions and directions of rotation given four possible fixed vortex locations. The results from the numerical experiments suggest that an effective stirring protocol must include not only steps devoted to decreasing the mix norm, but also steps devoted to preparing the density profile for future steps of mixing.
Advisors/Committee Members: James D. Meiss, Keith Julien, Juan Restrepo, John Crimaldi, Roseanna Neupauer.
Subjects/Keywords: area-preserving maps; chaotic mixing; dynamical sytems; Perron-Frobenius; Applied Mathematics
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APA (6th Edition):
Mitchell, R. A. (2017). Designing a Finite-Time Mixer: Optimizing Stirring for Two-Dimensional Maps. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/appm_gradetds/94
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Mitchell, Rebecca Amelia. “Designing a Finite-Time Mixer: Optimizing Stirring for Two-Dimensional Maps.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 18, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/appm_gradetds/94.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Mitchell, Rebecca Amelia. “Designing a Finite-Time Mixer: Optimizing Stirring for Two-Dimensional Maps.” 2017. Web. 18 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Mitchell RA. Designing a Finite-Time Mixer: Optimizing Stirring for Two-Dimensional Maps. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 18].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/appm_gradetds/94.
Council of Science Editors:
Mitchell RA. Designing a Finite-Time Mixer: Optimizing Stirring for Two-Dimensional Maps. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2017. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/appm_gradetds/94
University of Colorado
7.
Shoaei, Farrokh.
The Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Unsteady Obstacle Wakes on Stirring and Mixing of Gamete Filaments.
Degree: PhD, 2015, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/cven_gradetds/150
► One of the most common methods of reproduction in the sea is broadcast spawning where marine invertebrates release eggs and sperm into the ambient flow…
(more)
▼ One of the most common methods of reproduction in the sea is broadcast spawning where marine invertebrates release eggs and sperm into the ambient flow and fertilization occurs externally. Gamete coalescence at large scales is dominated by fluid stirring, and may be influenced by the presence of flow obstructions (e.g., coral heads, bed topography). The effect of turbulent wake behind a round obstacle on the second-order reaction between two initially distant scalars has been investigated by series of planar laser-induced fluorescence experiments. The scalars are released continuously, and are separated from each other by a lateral distance that initially impedes the reaction. The direct effect of the wake on mixing enhancement is determined by comparing segregation coefficient for cases with and without the cylinder wake. We measured mixing statistics for variety of flow regimes, streamwise locations, and scalar release geometries. This study suggests that the presence of turbulent obstacle wakes in spawning regions may substantially raise the efficacy of external fertilization. In addition, the effect of viscosity and non-Newtonian (shear-thinning) rheology on mixing and reaction between two initially distant scalars has been investigated. In this case, the ambient flow is pure water, but the scalar solutions include Xanthan gum to alter their rheology. Results indicate that mixing and reaction rates in the low-Damkohler limit between the two scalars plumes increase with the increase in viscosity of the scalars. The results of this study have broad implications for biological and ecological mixing processes involving now-Newtonian fluids.
Advisors/Committee Members: John Crimaldi, Harihar Rajaram, Roseanna Neupauer, Peter Hamlington, Joseph Kasprzyk.
Subjects/Keywords: Civil Engineering; Oceanography; Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Shoaei, F. (2015). The Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Unsteady Obstacle Wakes on Stirring and Mixing of Gamete Filaments. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/cven_gradetds/150
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Shoaei, Farrokh. “The Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Unsteady Obstacle Wakes on Stirring and Mixing of Gamete Filaments.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 18, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/cven_gradetds/150.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Shoaei, Farrokh. “The Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Unsteady Obstacle Wakes on Stirring and Mixing of Gamete Filaments.” 2015. Web. 18 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Shoaei F. The Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Unsteady Obstacle Wakes on Stirring and Mixing of Gamete Filaments. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 18].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/cven_gradetds/150.
Council of Science Editors:
Shoaei F. The Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Unsteady Obstacle Wakes on Stirring and Mixing of Gamete Filaments. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2015. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/cven_gradetds/150
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