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University of Colorado
1.
Gaebler, John Pagnucci.
Photoemission Spectroscopy of a Strongly Interacting Fermi Gas.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2010, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/14 
► The ability to study ultracold atomic Fermi gases holds the promise of significant advances in testing fundamental theories of many-body quantum physics. Of particular…
(more)
▼ The ability to study ultracold atomic Fermi gases holds the promise of significant advances in testing fundamental theories of many-body quantum physics. Of particular interest are strongly interacting Fermi gases in the BCS to BEC crossover that exhibit a transition to a superfluid state at temperatures near 0
.2
TF , where
TF is the Fermi temperature. This transition, as a fraction of
TF, is extremely high compared to any known superfluid or superconductor. These gases are also in a universal regime where the physics is independent of the details of the atomic interactions and is therefore relevant to fields as diverse as condensed matter, nuclear physics and astrophysics. In this thesis, I present an experimental probe of atomic gases that uses momentum-resolved RF spectroscopy to realize an analog of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) in materials. This measurement reveals the energy and momentum of single-particle states in the strongly interacting Fermi gas. In condensed matter, ARPES has proved to be one of the most powerful experimental techniques for studying the electronic structure of strongly correlated electron materials. The ability to perform analogous measurements in ultracold Fermi gases constitutes a significant advance in our ability to directly connect ultracold atomic gases to strongly correlated electron systems. Taking advantage of this new measurement technique, I investigate a long-standing problem in the field of strongly interacting fermions, namely whether a pseudogap state consisting of incoherent fermion pairs exists at temperatures above the critical temperature for superfluidity. The photoemission data I present provide strong evidence for this state and have implications for fundamental theories of strongly interacting Fermi gases and strongly correlated electron materials. I also discuss the experimental confirmation of recently predicted universal relations for strongly interacting Fermi gases, as well as some of the first experiments involving atomic Fermi gases with p-wave pairing.
Advisors/Committee Members: Deborah Jin, Eric Cornell, Leo Radzihovsky.
Subjects/Keywords: Atomic Fermi Gas; Photoemission Spectroscopy; Pseudogap; Superfluid; Quantum Physics
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APA (6th Edition):
Gaebler, J. P. (2010). Photoemission Spectroscopy of a Strongly Interacting Fermi Gas. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/14
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Gaebler, John Pagnucci. “Photoemission Spectroscopy of a Strongly Interacting Fermi Gas.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed February 27, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/14.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Gaebler, John Pagnucci. “Photoemission Spectroscopy of a Strongly Interacting Fermi Gas.” 2010. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Gaebler JP. Photoemission Spectroscopy of a Strongly Interacting Fermi Gas. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2010. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/14.
Council of Science Editors:
Gaebler JP. Photoemission Spectroscopy of a Strongly Interacting Fermi Gas. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2010. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/14
University of Colorado
2.
Cumby, Tyler Dunnington.
Exploring Few-body Scattering Resonances in a Bose-Fermi Mixture: from Feshbach Dimers to Efimov Trimers.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2012, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/69
► This thesis presents experiments exploring Feshbach molecules and Efimov trimers in an ultracold Bose-Fermi atomic gas mixture of 40K and 87Rb. These bound states…
(more)
▼ This thesis presents experiments exploring Feshbach molecules and Efimov trimers in an ultracold Bose-Fermi atomic gas mixture of 40K and 87Rb. These bound states are accessed via scattering resonances, called Fano-Feshbach resonances, which arise as a consequence of a bound state being tuned through degeneracy with the threshold energy of colliding atoms. In addition to allowing the tunability of interactions, the Fano-Feshbach resonance allows for a weakly bound molecule state, called the Feshbach molecule state, to be populated. The efficiency of conversion to the Feshbach molecule state depends upon the rate with which the bound state energy is swept through degeneracy with atomic threshold energy. In regions of large scattering lengths, three-body bound states, called Efimov states, also influence inelastic Bose-Bose-Fermi collisions and boson+molecule collisions in our system. The work presented in this thesis utilizes a magnetically tunable Fano-Feshbach resonance to study Feshbach molecule creation in the perturbative limit (the limit of fast magnetic-field sweeps) and the saturated limit (the limit of slow sweeps), where a phenomenological model is applied to understand the conversion efficiency as well as the quantum degeneracy of the molecules. In addition, I present a study of boson+molecule collision rates and Bose-Bose-Fermi collision rates in order to observe signatures of Efimov states and compare against results in the gas mixture
41K-
87Rb to address the question of universality of the three-body parameter in heteronuclear gas mixtures.
Advisors/Committee Members: Deborah Jin, Eric Cornell, John Bohn, Heather Lewandowski, W. Carl Lineberger.
Subjects/Keywords: Efimov; Feshbach; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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APA (6th Edition):
Cumby, T. D. (2012). Exploring Few-body Scattering Resonances in a Bose-Fermi Mixture: from Feshbach Dimers to Efimov Trimers. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/69
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Cumby, Tyler Dunnington. “Exploring Few-body Scattering Resonances in a Bose-Fermi Mixture: from Feshbach Dimers to Efimov Trimers.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed February 27, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/69.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Cumby, Tyler Dunnington. “Exploring Few-body Scattering Resonances in a Bose-Fermi Mixture: from Feshbach Dimers to Efimov Trimers.” 2012. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Cumby TD. Exploring Few-body Scattering Resonances in a Bose-Fermi Mixture: from Feshbach Dimers to Efimov Trimers. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2012. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/69.
Council of Science Editors:
Cumby TD. Exploring Few-body Scattering Resonances in a Bose-Fermi Mixture: from Feshbach Dimers to Efimov Trimers. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2012. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/69
University of Colorado
3.
Stuhl, Benjamin Kojm.
Ultracold molecules for the masses: evaporative cooling and magneto-optical trapping.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2012, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/81
► While cold molecule experiments are rapidly moving towards their promised benefits of precision spectroscopy, controllable chemistry, and novel condensed phases, heretofore the field has…
(more)
▼ While cold molecule experiments are rapidly moving towards their promised benefits of precision spectroscopy, controllable chemistry, and novel condensed phases, heretofore the field has been greatly limited by a lack of methods to cool and compress chemically diverse species to temperatures below ten millikelvin. While in atomic physics these needs are fulfilled by laser cooling, magneto-optical trapping, and evaporative cooling, until now none of these techniques have been applicable to molecules. In this thesis, two major breakthroughs are reported. The first is the observation of evaporative cooling in magnetically trapped hydroxyl (OH) radicals, which potentially opens a path all the way to Bose-Einstein condensation of dipolar radicals, as well as allowing cold- and ultracold-chemistry studies of fundamental reaction mechanisms. Through the combination of an extremely high gradient magnetic quadrupole trap and the use of the OH Λ-doublet transition to enable highly selective forced evaporation, cooling by an order of magnitude in temperature was achieved and yielded a final temperature no higher than 5mK. The second breakthrough is the successful application of laser cooling and magneto-optical trapping to molecules. Motivated by a proposal in this thesis, laser cooling of molecules is now known to be technically feasible in a select but substantial pool of diatomic molecules. The demonstration of not only Doppler cooling but also two-dimensional magneto-optical trapping in yttrium (II) oxide, YO, is expected to enable rapid growth in the availability of ultracold molecules – just as the invention of the atomic magneto-optical trap stimulated atomic physics twenty-five years ago.
Advisors/Committee Members: Jun Ye, Eric Cornell, John L. Bohn, Deborah Jin, Carl Lineberger.
Subjects/Keywords: Atomic; Molecular and Optical Physics
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APA (6th Edition):
Stuhl, B. K. (2012). Ultracold molecules for the masses: evaporative cooling and magneto-optical trapping. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/81
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Stuhl, Benjamin Kojm. “Ultracold molecules for the masses: evaporative cooling and magneto-optical trapping.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed February 27, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/81.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Stuhl, Benjamin Kojm. “Ultracold molecules for the masses: evaporative cooling and magneto-optical trapping.” 2012. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Stuhl BK. Ultracold molecules for the masses: evaporative cooling and magneto-optical trapping. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2012. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/81.
Council of Science Editors:
Stuhl BK. Ultracold molecules for the masses: evaporative cooling and magneto-optical trapping. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2012. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/81
University of Colorado
4.
Chen, Zilong.
Breaking Quantum Limits with Collective Cavity-QED: Generation of Spin Squeezed States via Quantum Non-Demolition Measurements.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2013, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/92
► Large ensembles of uncorrelated atoms are extensively used as precise sensors of time, rotation, and gravity, and for tests of fundamental physics. The quantum…
(more)
▼ Large ensembles of uncorrelated atoms are extensively used as precise sensors of time, rotation, and gravity, and for tests of fundamental physics. The quantum nature of the sensors imposes a limit on their ultimate precision. Larger ensembles of
N atoms can be used to average the quantum noise as 1/√
N, a scaling known as the standard quantum limit. However, the ensemble size may be limited by technical constraints and/or atom-atom collisions – a fundamental distinction from photon-based sensors. Learning to prepare entangled states of large ensembles with noise properties below the standard quantum limit will be key to extending both the precision and/or bandwidth of atomic sensors. More broadly, the generation and application of entanglement to solve problems is a core goal of quantum information science being pursued in both atomic and solid state systems.
In this thesis, we utilize the tools of cavity-QED to prepare entangled spin-squeezed states with 3.4(6) dB improvement in spectroscopic sensitivity over the standard quantum limit. The collective atomic spin is composed of the two-level clock states of
87Rb confined in a medium finesse F = 710 optical cavity. We employ cavity-aided quantum non-demolition measurements of the vacuum Rabi splitting to measure and subtract out the quantum projection noise of the collective spin state, preparing states with collective atomic spin projection noise 4.9(6) dB below the projection noise level. The conditionally reduced spin noise combined with the measured 1.5(3) dB reduction in the mean spin length implies a net 3.4(6) dB spectroscopic enhancement or conditional squeezing as defined by the Wineland criterion. Our method does not require single particle addressability and is applied to a spectroscopically large ensemble of N = 7 x 10
5 atoms using two collective population measurements, with the whole squeezing operation taking ~ 150
μs. The gain in sensitivity is spectroscopically equivalent to the enhancement obtained had we created > 10
5 pairs of maximally entangled qubits, demonstrating the power of a top-down approach for entangling large ensembles. The nondemolition probing of atomic populations via the vacuum Rabi splitting is also of broad interest for non-destructively reading out a wide variety of both atomic and solid state qubits.
Advisors/Committee Members: James K. Thompson, Jun Ye, Eric Cornell, Murray Holland, Konrad Lehnert.
Subjects/Keywords: cavity qed; entanglement; quantum control; quantum metrology; quantum optics; spin squeezing; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics; Optics; Physics; Quantum Physics
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APA (6th Edition):
Chen, Z. (2013). Breaking Quantum Limits with Collective Cavity-QED: Generation of Spin Squeezed States via Quantum Non-Demolition Measurements. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/92
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Chen, Zilong. “Breaking Quantum Limits with Collective Cavity-QED: Generation of Spin Squeezed States via Quantum Non-Demolition Measurements.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed February 27, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/92.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Chen, Zilong. “Breaking Quantum Limits with Collective Cavity-QED: Generation of Spin Squeezed States via Quantum Non-Demolition Measurements.” 2013. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Chen Z. Breaking Quantum Limits with Collective Cavity-QED: Generation of Spin Squeezed States via Quantum Non-Demolition Measurements. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2013. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/92.
Council of Science Editors:
Chen Z. Breaking Quantum Limits with Collective Cavity-QED: Generation of Spin Squeezed States via Quantum Non-Demolition Measurements. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2013. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/92
University of Colorado
5.
Fitch, Noah J.
Traveling-Wave Stark-Decelerated Molecular Beams for Cold Collision Experiments.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2013, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/96
► Research of cold and ultracold molecules is currently a burgeoning field in experimental and theoretical physics. New experimental techniques, involving an increasingly large set…
(more)
▼ Research of cold and ultracold molecules is currently a burgeoning field in experimental and theoretical physics. New experimental techniques, involving an increasingly large set of molecule types under high levels of control, are currently opening up new avenues of research with a vast array of potential applications. From understanding the role of quantum mechanics in molecular scattering and cold chemistry, to testing the fundamental symmetries of nature and realizing quantum computing with dipolar molecular qubits, experiments are accessing regimes not dreamed of even a few years ago. Theoretical interest and computing capabilities are also at an all time high, spurred on by the possibility of creating ultracold dipolar gases as tunable realizations of strongly interacting quantum Hamiltonians, creating exotic phases of matter, and the investigation of controlling molecular interactions with applied electromagnetic fields.
Less than a decade ago, cold molecule experiments had seemingly reached a technological plateau, being capable of creating moderate densities of 10
6-10
7 molecules/cm
3 at temperatures of 10-100 mK. With many applications requiring colder temperatures and higher densities, the field was ripe for new advances. Today, via a plethora of methods such as direct molecular laser cooling, electro-optical cooling, magneto- and photo-association, and new molecular beam deceleration techniques, the field is just beginning to have the tools capable of producing truly interesting systems for study.
This work will discuss a couple of major steps taken in the direction of achieving scientific goals using cold molecules. The first experimental advancement discussed will be the development of a co-trap environment for studying interactions and collisions between ultracold atoms and Stark decelerated cold polar molecules. In this experiment, rubidium atoms are trapped using magnetic fields, and ammonia atoms are decelerated and trapped using electric fields. The two traps are spatially overlapped in order to investigate inter-species interactions. The co-trap environment provides exceedingly long interaction times, many orders of magnitude longer than typical beam-based interaction studies. As a result, it provides extremely high sensitivity to weak interaction mechanisms. The second experimental advancement discussed will be the development and construction of a new style of Stark decelerator, capable of producing much larger densities of cold molecules. This apparatus has the potential to expand the realm of possible experiments with chemically interesting species, and provide an unprecedented amount of control over molecular beams and traps. The gains haven't come easily though, as a new class of custom high-voltage amplifiers have needed to be developed. This part of the experiment alone took approximately two years of consistent effort to bring to fruition. After many years of development, this experiment is poised to come online, finally fulfilling its…
Advisors/Committee Members: Heather Lewandowski, Eric Cornell, Jun Ye, Debbie Jin, Carl Lineberger.
Subjects/Keywords: Cold Collisions; Molecular Beams; Stark Deceleration; Traveling Wave; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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APA (6th Edition):
Fitch, N. J. (2013). Traveling-Wave Stark-Decelerated Molecular Beams for Cold Collision Experiments. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/96
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Fitch, Noah J. “Traveling-Wave Stark-Decelerated Molecular Beams for Cold Collision Experiments.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed February 27, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/96.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Fitch, Noah J. “Traveling-Wave Stark-Decelerated Molecular Beams for Cold Collision Experiments.” 2013. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Fitch NJ. Traveling-Wave Stark-Decelerated Molecular Beams for Cold Collision Experiments. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2013. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/96.
Council of Science Editors:
Fitch NJ. Traveling-Wave Stark-Decelerated Molecular Beams for Cold Collision Experiments. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2013. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/96
University of Colorado
6.
Cox, Kevin Christopher.
Quantum-Enhanced Measurements with Atoms in Cavities: Superradiance and Spin Squeezing.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2016, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/187
► Advances in engineering quantum systems are expected to lead to a new generation of quantum technology with fundamentally new capabilities and no classical analogue.…
(more)
▼ Advances in engineering quantum systems are expected to lead to a new generation of quantum technology with fundamentally new capabilities and no classical analogue. Specifically, in the near future, quantum entanglement may become useful for enhancing state-of-the-art atomic clocks and sensors. I have performed experiments using laser-cooled rubidium atoms trapped in a high finesse optical cavity to explore quantum and collective enhancements to precision measurements. In this thesis, I will present a recent experiment to create record amounts of entanglement-enhancement, or spin squeezing, in a proof-of-principle atomic sensor using entanglement-generating collective measurements. We have demonstrated up to a factor of 60 in directly observed spin squeezing beyond the standard quantum limit for an unentangled quantum sensor and have demonstrated squeezing with real-time feedback to create deterministic entangled states. Second, I will present a new method that has generated over a factor of 10 in homogeneous entanglement that could be resolvable in free-space quantum sensors such as matter-wave interferometers and discuss a new method to reduce errors in manipulating collective spin states using reversible dephasing. These experiments and methods are directly applicable to some of the world's best optical lattice clocks such as those housed here at JILA and NIST. In addition, I have studied and demonstrated a proof-of-principle superradiant laser that relies on collectively enhanced laser emission. These lasers have the potential to realize state-of-the-art frequency purity useful for optical atomic clocks and long baseline interferometry. I will discuss an experiment that demonstrates injection locking of a superradiant laser for the first time as well as explores the collective synchronization behaviors in the system. This study of synchronization informs research on current and future narrow linewidth superradiant lasers and may also provide a platform for future studies of quantum phase transitions in open quantum systems.
Advisors/Committee Members: James K. Thompson, Jun Ye, Eric Cornell, Konrad Lehnert, Zoya Popovic.
Subjects/Keywords: Entanglement; Spin; Squeezing; Superradiance; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics; Optics; Quantum Physics
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APA (6th Edition):
Cox, K. C. (2016). Quantum-Enhanced Measurements with Atoms in Cavities: Superradiance and Spin Squeezing. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/187
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Cox, Kevin Christopher. “Quantum-Enhanced Measurements with Atoms in Cavities: Superradiance and Spin Squeezing.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed February 27, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/187.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Cox, Kevin Christopher. “Quantum-Enhanced Measurements with Atoms in Cavities: Superradiance and Spin Squeezing.” 2016. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Cox KC. Quantum-Enhanced Measurements with Atoms in Cavities: Superradiance and Spin Squeezing. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2016. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/187.
Council of Science Editors:
Cox KC. Quantum-Enhanced Measurements with Atoms in Cavities: Superradiance and Spin Squeezing. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2016. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/187
University of Colorado
7.
Covey, Jacob P.
Enhanced Optical and Electric Manipulation of a Quantum Gas of KRb Molecules.
Degree: PhD, 2017, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/210
► Polar molecules are an ideal platform for studying quantum information and quantum simulation due to their long-range dipolar interactions. However, they have many degrees of…
(more)
▼ Polar molecules are an ideal platform for studying quantum information and quantum simulation due to their long-range dipolar interactions. However, they have many degrees of freedom at disparate energy scales and thus are difficult to cool. Ultracold KRb molecules near quantum degeneracy were first produced in 2008. Nevertheless, it was found that even when prepared in the absolute lowest state chemical reactions can make the gas unstable. During my PhD we worked to mitigate these limitations by loading molecules into an optical lattice where the tunneling rates, and thus the chemistry, can be exquisitely controlled. This setting allowed us to start using the rotational degree of freedom as a pseudo-spin, and paved the way for studying models of quantum magnetism, such as the t-J model and the XXZ model. Further, by allowing molecules of two "spin''-states to tunnel in the lattice, we were able to observe a continuous manifestion of the quantum Zeno effect, where increased mobility counterintuitively suppresses dissipation from inelastic collisions. In a deep lattice we observed dipolar spin-exchange interactions, and we were able to elucidate their truly many-body nature. These two sets of experiments informed us that the filling fraction of the molecules in the lattice was only ~5-10%, and so we implemented a quantum synthesis approach where atomic insulators were used to maximize the number of sites with one K and one Rb, and then these "doublons'' were converted to molecules with a filling of 30%. Despite these successes, a number of tools such as high resolution detection and addressing as well as large, stable electric fields were unavailable. Also during my PhD I led efforts to design, build, test, and implement a new apparatus which provides access to these tools and more. We have successfully produced ultracold molecules in this new apparatus, and we are now applying AC and DC electric fields with in vacuum electrodes. This apparatus will allow us to study quantum magnetism in a large electric field, and to detect the dynamics of out-of-equilibrium many-body states.
Advisors/Committee Members: Jun Ye, Ana M. Rey, Eric Cornell, Rahul Nandkishore, Barney Ellison.
Subjects/Keywords: Dipolar interactions; optical lattices; quantum chemistry; quantum gas microscopy; quantum synthesis; ultracold molecules; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics; Optics; Quantum Physics
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APA (6th Edition):
Covey, J. P. (2017). Enhanced Optical and Electric Manipulation of a Quantum Gas of KRb Molecules. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/210
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Covey, Jacob P. “Enhanced Optical and Electric Manipulation of a Quantum Gas of KRb Molecules.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed February 27, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/210.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Covey, Jacob P. “Enhanced Optical and Electric Manipulation of a Quantum Gas of KRb Molecules.” 2017. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Covey JP. Enhanced Optical and Electric Manipulation of a Quantum Gas of KRb Molecules. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2017. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/210.
Council of Science Editors:
Covey JP. Enhanced Optical and Electric Manipulation of a Quantum Gas of KRb Molecules. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2017. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/210
University of Colorado
8.
Koller, Andrew Phillip.
Spin-Motion Coupling in Cold Atomic Gases.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2017, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/212
► The interplay between spin and motional degrees of freedom in interacting electron systems has been a long-standing research topic in condensed matter physics. Interactions can…
(more)
▼ The interplay between spin and motional degrees of freedom in interacting electron systems has been a long-standing research topic in condensed matter physics. Interactions can modify the behavior of individual electrons and give rise to emergent collective phenomena such as superconductivity and colossal magnetoresistance. Theoretical understanding of non-equilibrium dynamics in interacting fermionic matter is limited, however, and many open questions remain. Ultracold atomic Fermi gases, with precisely controllable parameters, offer an outstanding opportunity to investigate the emergence of collective behavior in out-of-equilibrium settings. In this thesis we will describe how an optical lattice clock operated with neutral Fermionic atoms can be turned into a quantum simulator of charged particles in a strong magnetic field. We will then discuss the counterintuitive notion that weak interactions in a Fermi gas can lead to large scale collective behavior and global correlations. These ideas are being tested experimentally at JILA and the
University of Toronto. We also investigate in detail the so-called spin model approximation which is used extensively throughout this thesis.
Advisors/Committee Members: Ana Maria Rey, Paul Romatschke, Jun Ye, Eric Cornell, John Bohn.
Subjects/Keywords: atomic clocks; fermi gases; many body physics; non equilibrium dynamics; spin dynamics; ultracold atoms; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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APA (6th Edition):
Koller, A. P. (2017). Spin-Motion Coupling in Cold Atomic Gases. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/212
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Koller, Andrew Phillip. “Spin-Motion Coupling in Cold Atomic Gases.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed February 27, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/212.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Koller, Andrew Phillip. “Spin-Motion Coupling in Cold Atomic Gases.” 2017. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Koller AP. Spin-Motion Coupling in Cold Atomic Gases. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2017. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/212.
Council of Science Editors:
Koller AP. Spin-Motion Coupling in Cold Atomic Gases. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2017. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/212
University of Colorado
9.
Nicholson, Travis L.
A new record in atomic clock performance.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2015, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/139
► The pursuit of better atomic clocks has advanced many fields of research, providing better quantum state control, new insights in quantum science, tighter limits…
(more)
▼ The pursuit of better atomic clocks has advanced many fields of research, providing better quantum state control, new insights in quantum science, tighter limits on fundamental constant variation, and improved tests of relativity. This thesis describes the construction and characterization of an
87Sr optical lattice clock with a state-of-the-art stable laser. The performance of an atomic clock is typically gauged by two figures of merit: stability and total systematic uncertainty. Stability is the statistical precision of a clock or frequency standard, and the total systematic uncertainty is the combined uncertainty of all known systematic measurement biases. Several demonstrations of clock stability are presented in this work, one of which was the first to significantly outperform ion clocks. The most recent of these measurements resulted in fractional stability of 2
.2
×10
−16 at 1 s, which is the best reported to date. This stability is used for two systematic evaluations of our clock. The first full evaluation at 6
.4
× 10
−18 total uncertainty took the record for best clock performance. The second evaluation used improved strategies for systematic measurements, achieving a new best total systematic uncertainty of 2
.1
× 10
−18. Using a combination of accurate radiation thermometry and temperature stabilization of the measurement environment, we demonstrate the first lattice clock to achieve the longstanding goal of 10<em>
−</em>
18 level uncertainty in the formidable blackbody radiation shift. Improvements in the density, lattice ac Stark, and dc Stark shifts were also a result of innovations that are described in this thesis. Due to the low total uncertainty of the Sr clock, timekeeping based on this system would not lose a second in 15 billion years (longer than the age of the Universe), and it would be sensitive to a gravitational redshift corresponding to a height change of 2 cm above the Earth’s surface.
Advisors/Committee Members: Jun Ye, Deborah Jin, Eric Cornell, Ana Maria Rey, Andrew Hamilton.
Subjects/Keywords: Strontium Lattice Clock; Physics
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APA (6th Edition):
Nicholson, T. L. (2015). A new record in atomic clock performance. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/139
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Nicholson, Travis L. “A new record in atomic clock performance.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed February 27, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/139.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Nicholson, Travis L. “A new record in atomic clock performance.” 2015. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Nicholson TL. A new record in atomic clock performance. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2015. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/139.
Council of Science Editors:
Nicholson TL. A new record in atomic clock performance. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2015. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/139
University of Colorado
10.
Briles, Travis Crain.
Production, Deceleration, and Detection of OH Radicals.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2015, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/145
► Samples of cold and ultracold polar molecules have the potential to revolutionize physical chemistry, precision measurement, and few-body quantum physics. This thesis describes experimental…
(more)
▼ Samples of cold and ultracold polar molecules have the potential to revolutionize physical chemistry, precision measurement, and few-body quantum physics. This thesis describes experimental results for the production of cold samples of OH radicals by Stark deceleration of a supersonic beam. Since Stark deceleration cannot increase the phase space density of the sample, the initial production stage of the OH molecule is critical. The first set of experiments describes a general methodology for the production of OH beams with maximal phase space density, as well as the subsequent coupling to a Stark decelerator. Additionally, we describe the redesign of our electrostatic trap, optimized for future collision experiments of OH with co-trapped ultracold Rb atoms. The new design resulted in a 15-fold increase in total number of trapped molecules over the previous design when tested with ND3 molecules. The second set of experiments focuses on laser-based detection of OH molecules at the exit of the decelerator based on laser induced fluorescence (LIF) and resonance enhanced multiphoton ionizaton (REMPI). The latter method uses vacuum-ultraviolet light at 118nm produced by third-harmonic generation in Xe/Ar gas mixtures as the ionizing step. The sensitivity of this latter technique is limited by the attainable photon flux of the ionizing radiation at 118nm. We present detailed measurements of the conversion efficiencies as well as absolute photon fluxes. Strategies to overcome these limitations as well as prospects for detection of OH molecules in a trap are discussed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Heather J. Lewandowski, Eric Cornell, John Bohn, Tobin Munsat, Barney Ellison.
Subjects/Keywords: Supersonic Beams; Radical Beams; Electrostatic Trapping; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics; Physics
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APA (6th Edition):
Briles, T. C. (2015). Production, Deceleration, and Detection of OH Radicals. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/145
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Briles, Travis Crain. “Production, Deceleration, and Detection of OH Radicals.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed February 27, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/145.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Briles, Travis Crain. “Production, Deceleration, and Detection of OH Radicals.” 2015. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Briles TC. Production, Deceleration, and Detection of OH Radicals. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2015. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/145.
Council of Science Editors:
Briles TC. Production, Deceleration, and Detection of OH Radicals. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2015. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/145
University of Colorado
11.
Drake, Tara E.
Measuring local properties of a Fermi gas in the BCS-BEC crossover.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2015, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/146
► This thesis presents experiments probing the physics of strongly interacting fermionic atoms in the BCS-BEC crossover. Ultracold atom experiments bring the ability to arbitrarily…
(more)
▼ This thesis presents experiments probing the physics of strongly interacting fermionic atoms in the BCS-BEC crossover. Ultracold atom experiments bring the ability to arbitrarily tune interatomic interactions, which allows for unprecedented access to the regime of strongly interacting physics. The majority of cold atom experiments, however, are carried out in an atom trap that imprints an inhomogeneous density on the cloud of atoms. Many phenomena, especially the signatures of phase transitions, are significantly modified by this non-uniform density. In this thesis, I present a novel imaging technique that allows us to probe a region of nearly homogeneous density within a larger, inhomogenenous cloud. Using this technique, I present new results for strongly interacting fermionic atoms, including the first measurements of the contact and the occupied spectral function of a homogeneous Fermi gas, and the first direct observation of the "textbook" momentum distribution of an ideal Fermi gas.
Advisors/Committee Members: Deborah Jin, Eric Cornell, Leo Radzihovsky, Jun Ye, Mathias Weber.
Subjects/Keywords: fermions; spatially selective imaging; temperature; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics; Quantum Physics
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APA (6th Edition):
Drake, T. E. (2015). Measuring local properties of a Fermi gas in the BCS-BEC crossover. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/146
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Drake, Tara E. “Measuring local properties of a Fermi gas in the BCS-BEC crossover.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed February 27, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/146.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Drake, Tara E. “Measuring local properties of a Fermi gas in the BCS-BEC crossover.” 2015. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Drake TE. Measuring local properties of a Fermi gas in the BCS-BEC crossover. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2015. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/146.
Council of Science Editors:
Drake TE. Measuring local properties of a Fermi gas in the BCS-BEC crossover. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2015. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/146
University of Colorado
12.
Lin, Yiheng.
Quantum Entanglement Generation in Trapped Ions Using Coherent and Dissipative Methods.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2015, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/150
► Entangled states are a key resource in fundamental quantum physics, quantum cryptography, and quantum computation. In this thesis, we focus on the demonstrations of…
(more)
▼ Entangled states are a key resource in fundamental quantum physics, quantum cryptography, and quantum computation. In this thesis, we focus on the demonstrations of two novel methods to generate entanglement. First, we implement dissipative production of a maximally entangled steady state on two trapped ions. Dissipative and coherent processes are combined and implemented in a continuous time-independent fashion, analogous to optical pumping of atomic states, continuously driving the system towards the steady entangled state. With this method, we obtain a Bell state fidelity up to 0.89(2). Second, we propose and demonstrate a novel coherent process to confine quantum evolution in a subspace between an initial separable state and the target entangled state. We demonstrate this scheme on two and three ions obtaining a Bell state fidelity up to 0.992(2). Both of these methods are robust against certain types of experimental noise and decoherence. Additionally, we demonstrate sympathetic cooling of ion chains to near the ground
state of motion with an electromagnetically-induced-transparency (EIT) method. This results in roughly an order of magnitude faster cooling time while using significantly lower laser power compared to the conventional resolved sideband cooling method. These techniques may be helpful for scaled-up quantum computing.
Advisors/Committee Members: David J. Wineland, James Thompson, Cindy Regal, Eric Cornell, David Jonas.
Subjects/Keywords: open quantum system; quantum computing; quantum entanglement; quantum information; quantum optics; trapped ion experiment; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics; Optics; Quantum Physics
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APA (6th Edition):
Lin, Y. (2015). Quantum Entanglement Generation in Trapped Ions Using Coherent and Dissipative Methods. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/150
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Lin, Yiheng. “Quantum Entanglement Generation in Trapped Ions Using Coherent and Dissipative Methods.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed February 27, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/150.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Lin, Yiheng. “Quantum Entanglement Generation in Trapped Ions Using Coherent and Dissipative Methods.” 2015. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Lin Y. Quantum Entanglement Generation in Trapped Ions Using Coherent and Dissipative Methods. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2015. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/150.
Council of Science Editors:
Lin Y. Quantum Entanglement Generation in Trapped Ions Using Coherent and Dissipative Methods. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2015. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/150
University of Colorado
13.
Wang, Jia.
Hyperspherical Approach to Quantal Three-body Theory.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2012, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/67
► Hyperspherical coordinates provide a systematic way of describing three-body systems. Solving three-body Schrödinger equations in an adiabatic hyperspherical representation is the focus of this…
(more)
▼ Hyperspherical coordinates provide a systematic way of describing three-body systems. Solving three-body Schrödinger equations in an adiabatic hyperspherical representation is the focus of this thesis. An essentially exact solution can be found numerically by including nonadiabatic couplings using either a slow variable discretization or a traditional adiabatic method. Two different types of three-body systems are investigated: (1) rovibrational states of the triatomic hydrogen ion H
+3 and (2) ultracold collisions of three identical bosons.
Advisors/Committee Members: Chris H. Greene, John Bohn, Eric Cornell, Ana Maria Rey, Robert Parson.
Subjects/Keywords: Efimov Physics; few-body physics; hyperspherical; three-body recombination; triatomic spectrum; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics; Physics
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APA (6th Edition):
Wang, J. (2012). Hyperspherical Approach to Quantal Three-body Theory. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/67
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wang, Jia. “Hyperspherical Approach to Quantal Three-body Theory.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed February 27, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/67.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wang, Jia. “Hyperspherical Approach to Quantal Three-body Theory.” 2012. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Wang J. Hyperspherical Approach to Quantal Three-body Theory. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2012. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/67.
Council of Science Editors:
Wang J. Hyperspherical Approach to Quantal Three-body Theory. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2012. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/67
University of Colorado
14.
Ziemkiewicz, Michael Paul.
Molecular and Electronic Dynamics in Van Der Waals Cluster Spectroscopy, Hydrogen Abstraction Reactions, and Inelastic Collisions at Liquid Surfaces.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2012, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/71
► Quantum mechanical measurements are essential for an understanding of collision and reaction dynamics on the molecular scale. To this end, laser induced fluorescence (LIF)…
(more)
▼ Quantum mechanical measurements are essential for an understanding of collision and reaction dynamics on the molecular scale. To this end, laser induced fluorescence (LIF) is used to probe rotational, vibrational, and electronic product state distributions following various chemical events. For example, LIF on the hydroxyl radical is employed to examine the propensity to populate different levels of OH following photolysis of H
2O molecules using a technique known as vibrationally mediated dissociation (VMD). VMD is also used as an indirect method for obtaining infrared spectra of water clusters (Ar-H
2O, H
2O-H
2O, and H
2-H
2O), weakly bound species which are produced in the cold ( ~ 5 K) environment of a slit supersonic expansion. Peaks are then assigned with the aid of high level theoretical calculations. LIF is also performed to study systems where reactive precursors produce OH/OD radicals (F + D
2O &rarr DF + OD and F + H
2O &rarr HF + OH) as well as for nonreactive processes where ground state NO inelastically is scattered from liquid Ga metal or room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) surfaces. In the reactive scattering experiments, careful examination of OH product spin-orbit branching provides an opportunity to quantify the degree of multiple surface behavior in these systems. Rotational-state-resolved scattering of nitric oxide from a molten metal provides an opportunity to directly observe thermal roughening of the liquid due to capillary wave excitations. Scattered NO electronic distributions, which are out of thermal equilibrium with rotation, are quite sensitive to surface temperature, a possible consequence of interactions with electron-hole pairs during the collision. Finally, NO is scattered from room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) samples where branching between the two possible scattered spin orbit states (2&Pi
2 and 2&Pi
2) is found to be highly sensitive to surface heating and choice of ionic liquid. This may serve as a novel means for characterizing these surfaces, which are of technological interest due to their potential role as advanced solvents.
Advisors/Committee Members: David J. Nesbitt, Jun Ye, Eric Cornell, Daniel Dessau, W. Carl Lineberger.
Subjects/Keywords: clusters; laser induced fluorescence; liquid metals; non adiabatic; reactive scattering; spectroscopy; Chemistry; Physical Chemistry
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APA (6th Edition):
Ziemkiewicz, M. P. (2012). Molecular and Electronic Dynamics in Van Der Waals Cluster Spectroscopy, Hydrogen Abstraction Reactions, and Inelastic Collisions at Liquid Surfaces. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/71
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ziemkiewicz, Michael Paul. “Molecular and Electronic Dynamics in Van Der Waals Cluster Spectroscopy, Hydrogen Abstraction Reactions, and Inelastic Collisions at Liquid Surfaces.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed February 27, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/71.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ziemkiewicz, Michael Paul. “Molecular and Electronic Dynamics in Van Der Waals Cluster Spectroscopy, Hydrogen Abstraction Reactions, and Inelastic Collisions at Liquid Surfaces.” 2012. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Ziemkiewicz MP. Molecular and Electronic Dynamics in Van Der Waals Cluster Spectroscopy, Hydrogen Abstraction Reactions, and Inelastic Collisions at Liquid Surfaces. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2012. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/71.
Council of Science Editors:
Ziemkiewicz MP. Molecular and Electronic Dynamics in Van Der Waals Cluster Spectroscopy, Hydrogen Abstraction Reactions, and Inelastic Collisions at Liquid Surfaces. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2012. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/71
University of Colorado
15.
Hudek, Kai m.
A Compact and Transportable Ultracold Matter System and Progress Towards a Continuously Operating Neutral Rydberg Atom Quantum Computer.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2012, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/72
► The work in this thesis falls into two broad categories: creating Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) in compact and portable systems, and manipulating neutral atoms in…
(more)
▼ The work in this thesis falls into two broad categories: creating Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) in compact and portable systems, and manipulating neutral atoms in small systems to facilitate a continuously running neutral Rydberg atom quantum computer. The work with BECs focused on the miniaturization of ultracold matter systems. Ultracold matter has potential uses in many practical applications, such as atomic clocks, inertial sensors, and electric and magnetic field sensing. Much of the potential of atom chip based systems relies on the ability for the system to make its way out of the lab. The BEC system created occupies a volume of 0.4m
3 and operates at a repetition rate as high as 0.3Hz, creating Rubidium BECs of around 20k atoms. The system contains all of the components needed to produce and image BECs, including the UHV system, lasers, data acquisition hardware, electronics, and imaging equipment. The system can be easily reconfigured for different applications simply by changing the atom chip. As such, the hope is that it can serve as a standardized platform for a variety of portable experiments that utilize ultracold matter. The quantum computing work focuses on the ongoing work in atom manipulation for neutral Rydberg atom quantum computing. Neutral Rydberg atom quantum computing has great potential and, by harnessing the tool kit developed working with cold atoms, has the potential of scalability and continuous operation. An entirely new laser system and vacuum cell was built to work with Cesium. We have currently built a state of the art vacuum cell and developed far-detuned optical trapping and transport techniques to facilitate continuous quantum computing. Ongoing efforts include optical lattice generation and single-atom manipulation and imaging.
Advisors/Committee Members: Dana Z. Anderson, James K. Thompson, Eric Cornell, Murray Holland, Mark Ablowitz.
Subjects/Keywords: Anodic; Atom; BEC; MOT; Optics; Rydberg; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics; Physics
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APA (6th Edition):
Hudek, K. m. (2012). A Compact and Transportable Ultracold Matter System and Progress Towards a Continuously Operating Neutral Rydberg Atom Quantum Computer. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/72
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hudek, Kai m. “A Compact and Transportable Ultracold Matter System and Progress Towards a Continuously Operating Neutral Rydberg Atom Quantum Computer.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed February 27, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/72.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hudek, Kai m. “A Compact and Transportable Ultracold Matter System and Progress Towards a Continuously Operating Neutral Rydberg Atom Quantum Computer.” 2012. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Hudek Km. A Compact and Transportable Ultracold Matter System and Progress Towards a Continuously Operating Neutral Rydberg Atom Quantum Computer. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2012. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/72.
Council of Science Editors:
Hudek Km. A Compact and Transportable Ultracold Matter System and Progress Towards a Continuously Operating Neutral Rydberg Atom Quantum Computer. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2012. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/72
University of Colorado
16.
Roberts, Melanie Ann.
High Resolution Infrared Spectroscopy of Slit-Jet Cooled Radicals and Ions.
Degree: PhD, Chemistry & Biochemistry, 2012, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/chem_gradetds/72
► This thesis presents high-resolution spectra of supersonically-cooled organic radicals in the mid-infrared, the details and design of the instruments necessary to obtain the spectra,…
(more)
▼ This thesis presents high-resolution spectra of supersonically-cooled organic radicals in the mid-infrared, the details and design of the instruments necessary to obtain the spectra, and the theory to understand the spectra and the larger context of the results. Specifically, four organic radicals are studied: singly-deuterated methyl radical (CH
2D), phenyl radical (C
6H
5), hydroxymethyl radical (CH
2OH), and ethynyl radical (C
2H). All of the spectroscopic studies presented use an existing mid-infrared high-resolution spectrometer with a frequency precision of better than 10 MHz. The radicals are generated using a discharge to dissociate a neutral precursor and form the radicals. The discharge is localized at the orifice of a slit supersonic expansion, which cools the radicals to around 20 K and allows for sub-Doppler spectral resolution. In addition to the description of the existing spectrometer, the design, construction, and successful testing of a new, automated mid-infrared spectrometer is presented. The new spectrometer is based upon difference frequency generation of a scanning Ti:Sapphire laser and a single-frequency Nd:YAG laser to create high-resolution mid-infrared radiation. The new system speeds up data-taking by fully automating the scanning process. The four radicals studied in this thesis are all intermediates in combustion processes of hydrocarbon fuels. First, the out-of-phase symmetric stretch of phenyl radical is presented. As the first high-resolution infrared study of phenyl, it paves the way for future studies of this and other aromatic radicals. Second, the two fundamental CH stretches in CH
2D are studied with full rotational resolution. The narrow linewidth of the transitions reveals resolved fine structure and partially resolved hyperfine structure. This resolution yields additional information regarding the distribution of electrons in the radical. With this study of CH
2D, a nearly complete set of vibrational frequencies is present in the literature. This inspired us to develop a comprehensive model that is capable of simultaneously fitting the CH and CD stretches of all the hydrogenic isotopomers of methyl radical. Third, while ethynyl absorbs in the mid-infrared, the transition studied are low-lying electronic states. The combination of a cold source of C
2H and high frequency precision allows us to clarify line assignments and find new transitions. Additionally, localized shifting of transition frequencies allows for identification and partial characterization of the dark perturber states. Fourth, the symmetric CH stretch of hydroxymethyl radical is studied at high-resolution. The high-resolution spectra improve upon band origin and structural information in the radical as well as set the stage for further experimental studies into potential large amplitude dynamics in the radical.
Advisors/Committee Members: David J. Nesbitt, G. Barney Ellison, Eric Cornell, Veronica Bierbaum, Steven Cundiff.
Subjects/Keywords: combustion chemistry; high resolution; radicals; spectroscopy; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics; Chemistry; Physics
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APA (6th Edition):
Roberts, M. A. (2012). High Resolution Infrared Spectroscopy of Slit-Jet Cooled Radicals and Ions. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/chem_gradetds/72
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Roberts, Melanie Ann. “High Resolution Infrared Spectroscopy of Slit-Jet Cooled Radicals and Ions.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed February 27, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/chem_gradetds/72.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Roberts, Melanie Ann. “High Resolution Infrared Spectroscopy of Slit-Jet Cooled Radicals and Ions.” 2012. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Roberts MA. High Resolution Infrared Spectroscopy of Slit-Jet Cooled Radicals and Ions. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2012. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/chem_gradetds/72.
Council of Science Editors:
Roberts MA. High Resolution Infrared Spectroscopy of Slit-Jet Cooled Radicals and Ions. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2012. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/chem_gradetds/72
University of Colorado
17.
Loh, Huanqian.
Search for an electron electric dipole moment with trapped molecular ions.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2013, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/86
► The search for a permanent electron electric dipole moment (eEDM) serves as a test of fundamental symmetry violations and of physics beyond the Standard…
(more)
▼ The search for a permanent electron electric dipole moment (eEDM) serves as a test of fundamental symmetry violations and of physics beyond the Standard Model. Trapped molecular ions in the
3Δ
1 metastable electronic state are suitable candidates for an eEDM search due to their large effective electric fields and long electron spin coherence times. This thesis presents the quantum state manipulation and coherent spectroscopy of trapped HfF+ molecular ions in rotating bias fields for an eEDM search. The quantum state manipulation, which involves preparation of a large fraction of molecular ions in a single desired quantum state as well as rotational-state-resolved detection, is complicated by the lack of HfF+ spectroscopic information prior to the start of this thesis. We performed state preparation by first state-selectively autoionizing neutral HfF such that 35% of the HfF+ are formed in a single rovibrational level of the electronic ground state
1Σ+, and then transferring those ions into the desired Stark levels of a single hyperfine-rovibrational manifold of the
3Δ
1 state. Rotational-state-resolved detection is accomplished by both laser-induced fluorescence and resonance-enhanced multi-photon photodissociation, where the latter is preferred as the state detection method of choice because its efficiency is two orders of magnitude higher compared to fluorescence. With the quantum state manipulation techniques developed, we performed Ramsey spectroscopy of the trapped HfF+ ions in the presence of rotating bias electric and magnetic fields, demonstrating electron spin coherence times as long as 150 ms. Finally, we present a preliminary measurement of the eEDM at the |d
e| < 10
−25 e cm level.
Advisors/Committee Members: Eric Cornell, Jun Ye, Deborah S. Jin, John L. Bohn, Carl W. Lineberger.
Subjects/Keywords: Fundamental symmetries; High-resolution spectroscopy; Molecular ions; Photodissociation; Photoionization; Raman transfer; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics; Physics
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Loh, H. (2013). Search for an electron electric dipole moment with trapped molecular ions. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/86
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Loh, Huanqian. “Search for an electron electric dipole moment with trapped molecular ions.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed February 27, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/86.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Loh, Huanqian. “Search for an electron electric dipole moment with trapped molecular ions.” 2013. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Loh H. Search for an electron electric dipole moment with trapped molecular ions. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2013. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/86.
Council of Science Editors:
Loh H. Search for an electron electric dipole moment with trapped molecular ions. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2013. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/86
University of Colorado
18.
Moses, Steven Aaron.
A Quantum Gas of Polar Molecules in an Optical Lattice.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2016, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/161
► Ultracold polar molecules, because of their long-range, spatially anisotropic interactions, are a new quantum system in which to study novel many-body phenomena. In our…
(more)
▼ Ultracold polar molecules, because of their long-range, spatially anisotropic interactions, are a new quantum system in which to study novel many-body phenomena. In our lab, we have produced the first quantum gas of 40K87Rb polar molecules. These molecules were found to undergo exothermic chemical reactions, and this led to interesting studies of chemistry near absolute zero. By creating the molecules at individual sites of a 3D optical lattice, we completely suppress these chemical reactions, and the polar molecule gas becomes stable and lives for tens of seconds. This thesis documents our efforts to explore coherent, many-body phenomena resulting from long-range dipolar interactions in the lattice. By encoding a spin-1=2 system in the rotational states of the molecules, we were able to realize spin-exchange interactions based on a spin Hamiltonian, which is one of the first steps in studying quantum magnetism with polar molecules. While this study was the first realization of such coherent dipolar interactions with polar molecules in a lattice, its full potential was limited by the low lattice filling fractions. Using our ability to exquisitely control the initial atomic gas mixture, we loaded a Mott insulator of Rb and a band insulator of K into the lattice. This quantum synthesis approach led to significantly higher molecular filling fractions and represents the first fully connected system of polar molecules in an optical lattice. This low-entropy quantum gas of polar molecules opens the door to interesting quantum simulations, which should be attainable in the next generation of the experiment.
Advisors/Committee Members: Jun Ye, Deborah S. Jin, Ana Maria Rey, Eric Cornell, Carl Lineberger.
Subjects/Keywords: Atomic physics; Optical lattices; Quantum simulation; Ultracold molecules; Physics
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APA (6th Edition):
Moses, S. A. (2016). A Quantum Gas of Polar Molecules in an Optical Lattice. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/161
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Moses, Steven Aaron. “A Quantum Gas of Polar Molecules in an Optical Lattice.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed February 27, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/161.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Moses, Steven Aaron. “A Quantum Gas of Polar Molecules in an Optical Lattice.” 2016. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Moses SA. A Quantum Gas of Polar Molecules in an Optical Lattice. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2016. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/161.
Council of Science Editors:
Moses SA. A Quantum Gas of Polar Molecules in an Optical Lattice. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2016. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/161
University of Colorado
19.
Zutz, Amelia Marie.
Quantum State-Resolved Collision Dynamics of Nitric Oxide at Ionic Liquid and Molten Metal Surfaces.
Degree: PhD, 2017, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/chem_gradetds/218
► Detailed molecular scale interactions at the gas–liquid interface are explored with quantum state-to-state resolved scattering of a jet-cooled beam of NO(2Π1/2; N = 0)…
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▼ Detailed molecular scale interactions at the gas–liquid interface are explored with quantum state-to-state resolved scattering of a jet-cooled beam of NO(
2Π
1/2; N = 0) from ionic liquid and molten metal surfaces. The scattered distributions are probed via laser-induced fluorescence methods, which yield rotational and spin-orbit state populations that elucidate the dynamics of energy transfer at the gas-liquid interface. These collision dynamics are explored as a function of incident collision energy, surface temperature, scattering angle, and liquid identity, all of which are found to substantially affect the degree of rotational, electronic and vibrational excitation of NO via collisions at the liquid surface.
Rotational distributions observed reveal two distinct scattering pathways, (i) molecules that trap, thermalize and eventually desorb from the surface (trapping-desorption, TD), and (ii) those that undergo prompt recoil (impulsive scattering, IS) prior to complete equilibration with the liquid surface. Thermally desorbing NO molecules are found to have rotational temperatures close to, but slightly cooler than the surface temperature, indicative of rotational dependent sticking probabilities on liquid surfaces. Nitric oxide is a radical with multiple low-lying electronic states that serves as an ideal candidate for exploring nonadiabatic state-changing collision dynamics at the gas-liquid interface, which induce significant excitation from ground (
2Π
1/2) to excited (
2Π
3/2) spin–orbit states. Molecular beam scattering of supersonically cooled NO from hot molten metals (Ga and Au, Ts = 300 – 1400 K) is also explored, which provide preliminary evidence for vibrational excitation of NO mediated by thermally populated electron-hole pairs in the hot, conducting liquid metals. The results highlight the presence of electronically nonadiabatic effects and build toward a more complete characterization of energy transfer dynamics at gas-liquid interfaces.
Advisors/Committee Members: David J. Nesbitt, William C. Lineberger, Eric Cornell, Heather Lewandowski, Barney Ellison.
Subjects/Keywords: gas-liquid interface; liquid surface; Physical Chemistry
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APA (6th Edition):
Zutz, A. M. (2017). Quantum State-Resolved Collision Dynamics of Nitric Oxide at Ionic Liquid and Molten Metal Surfaces. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/chem_gradetds/218
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Zutz, Amelia Marie. “Quantum State-Resolved Collision Dynamics of Nitric Oxide at Ionic Liquid and Molten Metal Surfaces.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed February 27, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/chem_gradetds/218.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Zutz, Amelia Marie. “Quantum State-Resolved Collision Dynamics of Nitric Oxide at Ionic Liquid and Molten Metal Surfaces.” 2017. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Zutz AM. Quantum State-Resolved Collision Dynamics of Nitric Oxide at Ionic Liquid and Molten Metal Surfaces. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2017. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/chem_gradetds/218.
Council of Science Editors:
Zutz AM. Quantum State-Resolved Collision Dynamics of Nitric Oxide at Ionic Liquid and Molten Metal Surfaces. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2017. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/chem_gradetds/218
University of Colorado
20.
Tan, Ting Rei.
High-Fidelity Entangling Gates with Trapped-Ions.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2016, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/224
► Quantum entangling logic gates are key ingredients for the implementation of a quantum information processing device. In this thesis, we focus on experimental implementations of…
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▼ Quantum entangling logic gates are key ingredients for the implementation of a quantum information processing device. In this thesis, we focus on experimental implementations of three types of entangling geometric-phase gates with trapped ions, which rely on the effective spin-spin interactions generated with state-dependent forces. First, a mixed-species entangling gate is demonstrated using a beryllium and a magnesium ion to create a Bell state with a fidelity of 0.979(1). Combined with single-qubit gates, we use this mixed-species gate to implement controlled-NOT and SWAP gates. Second, we implement a high-fidelity universal gate set with beryllium ions. Single-qubit gates with error per gate of 3.8(1)x10
-5 are achieved. By creating a Bell state with a deterministic two-qubit entangling gate, we deduce a gate error as low as 8(4)x10
-4. Third, a novel two-qubit entangling gate with dynamical decoupling built-in is demonstrated with a fidelity of 0.974(4). This gate is robust against qubit dephasing errors and offers simplifications in experimental implementation compared to some other gates with trapped ions. Errors in the above implementations are evaluated and methods to further reduce imperfections are discussed. In a separate experiment, correlated measurements made on pairs of ions violate a "chained" Bell inequality obeyed by any local-realistic theory. The lowest chained Bell inequality parameter determined from our measurements is 0.296(12), this value is significantly lower than 0.586, the minimum value derived from a perfect Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Horne (CHSH) Bell inequality experiment. Furthermore, our CHSH Bell inequality results provide a device-independent certification of the deterministically created Bell states.
Advisors/Committee Members: David J. Wineland, Emanuel Knill, Ana Maria Rey, Jun Ye, Eric Cornell.
Subjects/Keywords: Atomic; molecular; and optical physics; Chained Bell inequality; Mixed-species entangling gate; Quantum entanglement; Quantum information; Trapped ions; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics; Physics; Quantum Physics
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Tan, T. R. (2016). High-Fidelity Entangling Gates with Trapped-Ions. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/224
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Tan, Ting Rei. “High-Fidelity Entangling Gates with Trapped-Ions.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed February 27, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/224.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Tan, Ting Rei. “High-Fidelity Entangling Gates with Trapped-Ions.” 2016. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Tan TR. High-Fidelity Entangling Gates with Trapped-Ions. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2016. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/224.
Council of Science Editors:
Tan TR. High-Fidelity Entangling Gates with Trapped-Ions. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2016. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/224
University of Colorado
21.
Baker, Thomas Athanasius.
Confocal Microscopy Studies of Fluorescence Blinking of Semiconductor Quantum Dots, Metal Nanoparticle Photogeneration, and Multiphoton Photoemission from Thin Metal Films and Metal Nanoparticles.
Degree: PhD, Chemistry & Biochemistry, 2012, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/chem_gradetds/127
► Since the advent of single molecule spectroscopy in 1989, advances in the field have revealed a wealth of information on dynamics and sample heterogeneity…
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▼ Since the advent of single molecule spectroscopy in 1989, advances in the field have revealed a wealth of information on dynamics and sample heterogeneity unobtainable by traditional ensemble studies. Microscopy experiments are a common technique to characterize and probe single molecule dynamics, due to the combination of the diffraction limited spatial resolution and the availability of sensitive single photon/electron detectors. Additionally, high excitation power densities can be achieved by the use of large numerical aperture objectives with moderately intense light sources. Fluorescence intermittency, or blinking, is a unique property found in the emission of single molecules. A series of experiments are undertaken to elucidate contributions to the blinking dynamics in nanocrystal semiconductors, or quantum dots (QDs). Investigations of the transitions from "on" to "off" (and vice versa) in the absence of laser illumination allow for the determination of the roles of
light versus
non-light induced processes for single blinking QDs. Small molecules are found to influence QD blinking by altering the surface trap state distribution due to changes in the electrochemical potential of the solution. However, fluorescence detection is only one implementation to investigate single molecule systems by microscopy. Nanoscale metal materials possess many interesting electronic and optical properties that enable single molecule or particle detection. Silver and gold metal nanoparticles are of particular interest due to their surface plasmon resonances (SPRs), a collective electron oscillation excited in the near ultraviolet and visible range. As a result of the coherent electron oscillations on the surface of the particle, large electric fields are generated in the vicinity of the nanostructure. This local enhancement of the electric field enables molecular detection in the vicinity of particles by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). One difficulty with conventional systems used to study SERS is the large enhancement variability observed between nanoparticles on the same substrate, where typically only 1 in 100-1000 are found to have the necessary enhancement factors. Photogeneration of Ag nanoparticles within a thin silver percholorate/polystyrene polymer film form reproducible SERS active nanoparticles that can be monitored and characterized by Raman microscopy. Insight into the growth mechanism of the nanoparticles is provided by analysis of the time dependent data with an Avrami kinetic phase transformation model. The environment in which the nanoparticles are generated is found to influence both the photogeneration kinetics and the nanoparticles SERS activity. Information on the size and morphology of the nanoparticles provided by AFM and dark field scattering measurements allowing for correlation of photophysical properties with nanoparticle shape. Lastly, the electric field enhancements, exploited by SERS in the Ag nanoparticle system, are investigated for Au single nanoparticles by…
Advisors/Committee Members: David J. Nesbitt, Steven T. Cundiff, Mathias Weber, Veronica Bierbaum, Eric Cornell.
Subjects/Keywords: blinking; plasmon; quantum dot; SERS; Physical Chemistry
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Baker, T. A. (2012). Confocal Microscopy Studies of Fluorescence Blinking of Semiconductor Quantum Dots, Metal Nanoparticle Photogeneration, and Multiphoton Photoemission from Thin Metal Films and Metal Nanoparticles. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/chem_gradetds/127
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Baker, Thomas Athanasius. “Confocal Microscopy Studies of Fluorescence Blinking of Semiconductor Quantum Dots, Metal Nanoparticle Photogeneration, and Multiphoton Photoemission from Thin Metal Films and Metal Nanoparticles.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed February 27, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/chem_gradetds/127.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Baker, Thomas Athanasius. “Confocal Microscopy Studies of Fluorescence Blinking of Semiconductor Quantum Dots, Metal Nanoparticle Photogeneration, and Multiphoton Photoemission from Thin Metal Films and Metal Nanoparticles.” 2012. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Baker TA. Confocal Microscopy Studies of Fluorescence Blinking of Semiconductor Quantum Dots, Metal Nanoparticle Photogeneration, and Multiphoton Photoemission from Thin Metal Films and Metal Nanoparticles. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2012. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/chem_gradetds/127.
Council of Science Editors:
Baker TA. Confocal Microscopy Studies of Fluorescence Blinking of Semiconductor Quantum Dots, Metal Nanoparticle Photogeneration, and Multiphoton Photoemission from Thin Metal Films and Metal Nanoparticles. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2012. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/chem_gradetds/127
. 
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