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University of Colorado
1.
Cheng, Evelyn.
Size Matters: How Pool Volume Affects the Survival of Fairy Shrimp on the Colorado Plateau.
Degree: MA, Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, 2014, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/ebio_gradetds/1 
► Branchinecta packardi is a widespread, fast-hatching species of fairy shrimp found in desert ephemeral pools on the Colorado plateau that relies on a dormant…
(more)
▼ Branchinecta packardi is a widespread, fast-hatching species of fairy shrimp found in desert ephemeral pools on the
Colorado plateau that relies on a dormant cyst stage to temporally bridge periods of pool desiccation. Determining the factors that control B. packardi cyst bank density in dry basins and population dynamics during periods of inundation may be a fundamental step towards predicting community composition in these temporary aquatic ecosystems. I sampled soil from 45 pools and reared individuals in mesocosms in order to track individuals through an entire inundation cycle. I found that pool characteristics such as volume, temperature, soil quality, and the presence of co-occurring species could not predict the density of cysts that were embedded in the soil. In addition, by observing individuals in a physically controlled setting, I found that population sizes of hatched individuals are most likely not controlled intrinsically by physical attributes of pools but by biotic interactions. Survivorship and body size of B. packardi decreased significantly with increasing population density, providing clear evidence for density dependence. The presence of a co-occurring species of fairy shrimp found in the pools appeared to further intensify resource competition. These results suggest that B. packardi cyst bank size is determined by stochastic fluctuations and density dependent biotic interactions.
Advisors/Committee Members: Andrew Martin, Daniel Doak, Christy McCain.
Subjects/Keywords: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Cheng, E. (2014). Size Matters: How Pool Volume Affects the Survival of Fairy Shrimp on the Colorado Plateau. (Masters Thesis). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/ebio_gradetds/1
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Cheng, Evelyn. “Size Matters: How Pool Volume Affects the Survival of Fairy Shrimp on the Colorado Plateau.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Colorado. Accessed January 23, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/ebio_gradetds/1.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Cheng, Evelyn. “Size Matters: How Pool Volume Affects the Survival of Fairy Shrimp on the Colorado Plateau.” 2014. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Cheng E. Size Matters: How Pool Volume Affects the Survival of Fairy Shrimp on the Colorado Plateau. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Colorado; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/ebio_gradetds/1.
Council of Science Editors:
Cheng E. Size Matters: How Pool Volume Affects the Survival of Fairy Shrimp on the Colorado Plateau. [Masters Thesis]. University of Colorado; 2014. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/ebio_gradetds/1
University of Colorado
2.
Love Stowell, Sierra Magenta.
Evolution & Conservation of Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii spp.) in the Southern Rocky Mountains.
Degree: MA, 2011, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/ebio_gradetds/10
► Cutthroat trout are endemic to the cold waters of the American West. The subspecies probably evolved in isolated drainages during the Quaternary. I developed…
(more)
▼ Cutthroat trout are endemic to the cold waters of the American West. The subspecies probably evolved in isolated drainages during the Quaternary. I developed nuclear DNA markers to distinguish between closely related subspecies and estimate divergence times between populations in the southern Rocky Mountains. The subspecies native to
Colorado are much older than previous estimates: using a molecular clock, I estimated that greenback and
Colorado River cutthroat trout split 0.79 MYA. Human movement of fish has obscured the evolutionary legacy of cutthroats. I used assessments of purity and stocking records for Rocky Mountain National Park, combined with Geographic Information Systems, to assess the utility of geographic measures to serve as proxies for propagule pressure. I found no significant relationships among genetic purity, geographic configuration of roads and trails, and stocking history. Understanding the evolutionary history and the role of human actions in altering evolutionary history has important implications for conservation.
Advisors/Committee Members: Andrew Martin, Sharon Collinge, Christy McCain.
Subjects/Keywords: conservation genetics; cutthroat trout; evolutionary history; propagule pressure; SNPs; stocking; Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Evolution
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APA (6th Edition):
Love Stowell, S. M. (2011). Evolution & Conservation of Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii spp.) in the Southern Rocky Mountains. (Masters Thesis). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/ebio_gradetds/10
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Love Stowell, Sierra Magenta. “Evolution & Conservation of Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii spp.) in the Southern Rocky Mountains.” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Colorado. Accessed January 23, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/ebio_gradetds/10.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Love Stowell, Sierra Magenta. “Evolution & Conservation of Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii spp.) in the Southern Rocky Mountains.” 2011. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Love Stowell SM. Evolution & Conservation of Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii spp.) in the Southern Rocky Mountains. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Colorado; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/ebio_gradetds/10.
Council of Science Editors:
Love Stowell SM. Evolution & Conservation of Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii spp.) in the Southern Rocky Mountains. [Masters Thesis]. University of Colorado; 2011. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/ebio_gradetds/10
University of Colorado
3.
Krou, Nicole.
Communing with (Non) Nature.
Degree: MFA, Art & Art History, 2016, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/art_mfa/24
► Communing with (Non) Nature is an installation that pulls apait the traditional style of natural history museum dioramas to expose the falsity of the…
(more)
▼ Communing with (Non) Nature is an installation that pulls apait the traditional style of natural history museum dioramas to expose the falsity of the displays we experience. The use of the diorama as an educational space reveals the western colonialist tradition to simulate experiences not readily available to the masses, often at the expense of the object studied. In the act of fabricating the experience to make it more broadly accessible, we create a false experience - a non-natural experience. In this paper "non-natural" or "non-nature" will be defined as the recreation or simulation of a natural space using synthetic and/or preserved materials. In creating dioramas to teach and preserve, we often ruin the objects they represent. The diorama is no more than a caricature of the reality it is trying to depict, yet also serves as a way for us to further understand our need to curate the world around us. In my sculpture Communing with (Non) Nature, I am seeking to prompt questions about this process, to encourage viewers to confront the function of the museum, the non-natural nature displays, and our failure to commune with the natural.
Advisors/Committee Members: Christy McCain, Yumi Roth, Richard Saxton.
Subjects/Keywords: Art Practice
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APA (6th Edition):
Krou, N. (2016). Communing with (Non) Nature. (Thesis). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/art_mfa/24
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Krou, Nicole. “Communing with (Non) Nature.” 2016. Thesis, University of Colorado. Accessed January 23, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/art_mfa/24.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Krou, Nicole. “Communing with (Non) Nature.” 2016. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Krou N. Communing with (Non) Nature. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Colorado; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/art_mfa/24.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Krou N. Communing with (Non) Nature. [Thesis]. University of Colorado; 2016. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/art_mfa/24
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Colorado
4.
Darcy, John Lawrence.
Biogeographic and Biogeochemical Drivers of Microbial Community Assembly.
Degree: PhD, 2018, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/ebio_gradetds/119
► The processes of community assembly shape all groups of coexisting organisms across all environments where life is found. Even for environments that are currently sterile,…
(more)
▼ The processes of community assembly shape all groups of coexisting organisms across all environments where life is found. Even for environments that are currently sterile, when they are colonized by life, community assembly processes will occur. The processes governing formation and diversification of microbial communities are vital to an understanding of how ecosystems develop in the human body, in emerging landscapes, and everywhere else. In this dissertation, I use community assembly theory to understand how microbial communities are shaped by geography, and also by the resources available to them. Using a microcosm-based nutrient addition experiment, I show that microbial communities in the plant-free, oligotrophic debris on top of the Middle Fork Toklat Glacier (Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska) are strongly structured by the lack of available phosphorus, a result which differs significantly from ecological dogma that suggests early-successional primary producers are limited by nitrogen instead. I expand on my findings of P-limitation with an <i>in situ</i> nutrient addition experiment in soils exposed by the retreating Puca glacier (Cordillera Vilcanota, Peru), which showed that phosphorus limits primary producers (both microbes and plants), shaping the structure and function of microbial communities. The biogeochemical properties affecting microbial communities often have a geospatial component, and I found that atop the Toklat Glacier, geographic space strongly shapes the interaction between biogeochemistry and microbial communities. But surprisingly, microbial community compositional data revealed that the top of the glacier is likely a hidden chronosequence, disguised as supraglacial debris. Chronosequences are natural experiments where space and time are conveniently conflated, and to better understand these time-series from a microbiological perspective, I developed a mathematical model that estimates the degree to which microbial communities form nepotistically. Using this model with time-series data from human microbiome studies, I found that in skin, feces and tongue, microbes are more likely to join those communities if a closely-related species is already present. Together, the chapters of this dissertation show how the environment, space, and time shape microbial communities on glaciers, near glaciers, on people, and in people.
Advisors/Committee Members: Steve Schmidt, Pat Kociolek, Christy McCain, Nolan Kane, Diana Nemergut.
Subjects/Keywords: biogeochemistry; biogeography; mathematical modelling; microbial ecology; microbial community; Biogeochemistry; Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Microbiology
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Darcy, J. L. (2018). Biogeographic and Biogeochemical Drivers of Microbial Community Assembly. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/ebio_gradetds/119
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Darcy, John Lawrence. “Biogeographic and Biogeochemical Drivers of Microbial Community Assembly.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 23, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/ebio_gradetds/119.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Darcy, John Lawrence. “Biogeographic and Biogeochemical Drivers of Microbial Community Assembly.” 2018. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Darcy JL. Biogeographic and Biogeochemical Drivers of Microbial Community Assembly. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/ebio_gradetds/119.
Council of Science Editors:
Darcy JL. Biogeographic and Biogeochemical Drivers of Microbial Community Assembly. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2018. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/ebio_gradetds/119
University of Colorado
5.
Erb, Liesl Peterson.
Climatic and Habitat Drivers of American Pika (Ochotona princeps) Occupancy and Population Density Dynamics in the Southern Rocky Mountain Region.
Degree: PhD, Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, 2013, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/ebio_gradetds/47
► Climate change is affecting ecosystems worldwide. Among those ecological communities most affected are those inhabiting alpine habitats. These communities have evolved key adaptations to…
(more)
▼ Climate change is affecting ecosystems worldwide. Among those ecological communities most affected are those inhabiting alpine habitats. These communities have evolved key adaptations to thrive in cold, wet environments. As temperatures warm and precipitation patterns become more variable due to global climate change, many alpine species are expected to be impacted. This dissertation research focuses on the American pika, a small lagomorph inhabiting broken rock slopes in the mountains and high plateaus of western North America. Population declines in the Great Basin region at the end of the 20th Century caused concern for populations elsewhere in the species range. The goal of this dissertation work was to document pika occupancy and density throughout the Southern Rocky Mountain region. Occupancy and density trends were modeled using potential climate- and habitat-based predictors known to impact pikas elsewhere in the species’ range. Survey sites were selected from among hundreds of locations known to be occupied by pikas prior to 1980. In 2008, modeling of the resurvey results from 69 of these sites indicated that mean annual precipitation plays an important role in maintaining pika populations in this region. Further surveys of 19 of these sites in 2009-2011 showed a shift toward mean summer temperature and forage quality as the top predictors of occupancy, though sites lacking pikas also remained drier than those with pikas throughout this survey period. Pika occupancy in this region was relatively high, with Southern Rockies occupancy rates ranging from 74% to 94%. Among the extant populations, variability in population densities were best explained by patch area and vegetation quality: the highest density populations were reported in regions with small patches of talus, high forb diversity, and low graminoid to forb ratios. These results suggest that intraspecific competition for food resources strongly influences pika density. As climate change continues, vegetation quality is expected to decline in pika habitats. Given this species’ reliance on cool, wet climates with high forb content, continued changes toward drier, hotter, and more graminoid-dominant habitats are likely to lead to declines in both pika densities and occupancy throughout the Southern Rockies and the western United States.
Advisors/Committee Members: Robert Guralnick, Chris Ray, Christy McCain, Daniel Doak, Andrew Martin.
Subjects/Keywords: climate; density; occupancy; Ochotona princeps; pika; Rocky Mountains; seasonal temperature; habitat; Natural Resources and Conservation; Population Biology; Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Erb, L. P. (2013). Climatic and Habitat Drivers of American Pika (Ochotona princeps) Occupancy and Population Density Dynamics in the Southern Rocky Mountain Region. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/ebio_gradetds/47
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Erb, Liesl Peterson. “Climatic and Habitat Drivers of American Pika (Ochotona princeps) Occupancy and Population Density Dynamics in the Southern Rocky Mountain Region.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 23, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/ebio_gradetds/47.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Erb, Liesl Peterson. “Climatic and Habitat Drivers of American Pika (Ochotona princeps) Occupancy and Population Density Dynamics in the Southern Rocky Mountain Region.” 2013. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Erb LP. Climatic and Habitat Drivers of American Pika (Ochotona princeps) Occupancy and Population Density Dynamics in the Southern Rocky Mountain Region. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/ebio_gradetds/47.
Council of Science Editors:
Erb LP. Climatic and Habitat Drivers of American Pika (Ochotona princeps) Occupancy and Population Density Dynamics in the Southern Rocky Mountain Region. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2013. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/ebio_gradetds/47
University of Colorado
6.
Darcy, John Lawrence.
Biogeographic and Biogeochemical Drivers of Microbial Community Assembly.
Degree: PhD, Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, 2017, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/ebio_gradetds/101
► The processes of community assembly shape all groups of coexisting organisms across all environments where life is found. Even for environments that are currently…
(more)
▼ The processes of community assembly shape all groups of coexisting organisms across all environments where life is found. Even for environments that are currently sterile, when they are colonized by life, community assembly processes will occur. The processes governing formation and diversification of microbial communities are vital to an understanding of how ecosystems develop in the human body, in emerging landscapes, and everywhere else. In this dissertation, I use community assembly theory to understand how microbial communities are shaped by geography, and also by the resources available to them. Using a microcosm-based nutrient addition experiment, I show that microbial communities in the plant-free, oligotrophic debris on top of the Middle Fork Toklat Glacier (Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska) are strongly structured by the lack of available phosphorus, a result which differs significantly from ecological dogma that suggests early-successional primary producers are limited by nitrogen instead. I expand on my findings of P-limitation with an
in situ nutrient addition experiment in soils exposed by the retreating Puca glacier (Cordillera Vilcanota, Peru), which showed that phosphorus limits primary producers (both microbes and plants), shaping the structure and function of microbial communities. The biogeochemical properties affecting microbial communities often have a geospatial component, and I found that atop the Toklat Glacier, geographic space strongly shapes the interaction between biogeochemistry and microbial communities. But surprisingly, microbial community compositional data revealed that the top of the glacier is likely a hidden chronosequence, disguised as supraglacial debris. Chronosequences are natural experiments where space and time are conveniently conflated, and to better understand these time-series from a microbiological perspective, I developed a mathematical model that estimates the degree to which microbial communities form nepotistically. Using this model with time-series data from human microbiome studies, I found that in skin, feces and tongue, microbes are more likely to join those communities if a closely-related species is already present. Together, the chapters of this dissertation show how the environment, space, and time shape microbial communities on glaciers, near glaciers, on people, and in people.
Advisors/Committee Members: Steve Schmidt, Pat Kociolek, Christy McCain, Nolan Kane, Diana Nemergut.
Subjects/Keywords: Biogeochemistry; Biogeography; Mathematical Modelling; Microbial Ecology; Biogeochemistry; Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Microbiology
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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CSE |
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Darcy, J. L. (2017). Biogeographic and Biogeochemical Drivers of Microbial Community Assembly. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/ebio_gradetds/101
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Darcy, John Lawrence. “Biogeographic and Biogeochemical Drivers of Microbial Community Assembly.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 23, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/ebio_gradetds/101.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Darcy, John Lawrence. “Biogeographic and Biogeochemical Drivers of Microbial Community Assembly.” 2017. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Darcy JL. Biogeographic and Biogeochemical Drivers of Microbial Community Assembly. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/ebio_gradetds/101.
Council of Science Editors:
Darcy JL. Biogeographic and Biogeochemical Drivers of Microbial Community Assembly. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2017. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/ebio_gradetds/101
University of Colorado
7.
Guedes Rocha Dupin, Julia.
Historical Biogeography and the Evolution of Environmental Niche and Fruit Type in Datureae (Solanaceae).
Degree: PhD, Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, 2017, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/ebio_gradetds/102
► My dissertation examines how the interplay between historical biogeographic events and environmental factors shaped species distributions and traits in the tomato family (Solanaceae). Historical biogeographic…
(more)
▼ My dissertation examines how the interplay between historical biogeographic events and environmental factors shaped species distributions and traits in the tomato family (Solanaceae). Historical biogeographic analyses were undertaken at a broad evolutionary scale level, considering the entire Solanaceae family (Chapter 1). To address environmental factors and plant traits, I then focused my work on a smaller group within Solanaceae, the tribe Datureae. Within this clade, I estimated the evolutionary relationships between its 18 extant species (Chapter 2), assessed environmental niche evolution of the different genera (Chapter 3) and evaluated changes in the plant’s morphology, specifically fruit morphology, related to dry and mesic environments (Chapter 4). My work demonstrated that South America is the ancestral area for Solanaceae, and dispersal was the principal driver of range evolution in the family. Most dispersals involved range expansions from South America into North and Central America, a trend that is likely due to the early build-up of species richness in South America, resulting in large pool of potential migrants. For Datureae, phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses point to an origin in the Andes of South America, with subsequent expansion to North America and other regions in South America. I also found that the ancestral environmental niche in the tribe is dry and that there has been a significant shift in one South American lineage towards a more mesic environment. Finally, my work showed an accumulation of morphological changes in the North American lineage of Datureae. In particular, this lineage (the genus Datura) evolved dehiscent capsular fruits from the ancestral state (berries) through a complex series of anatomical changes. Placing this work in a comparative developmental context, this work revealed the effect of ancestry on the trajectory of fruit evolution.
Advisors/Committee Members: Stacey D. Smith, Erin Tripp, Christy McCain, Pamela Diggle, Daniel Doak.
Subjects/Keywords: tomato; Biology; Botany; Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Guedes Rocha Dupin, J. (2017). Historical Biogeography and the Evolution of Environmental Niche and Fruit Type in Datureae (Solanaceae). (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/ebio_gradetds/102
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Guedes Rocha Dupin, Julia. “Historical Biogeography and the Evolution of Environmental Niche and Fruit Type in Datureae (Solanaceae).” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 23, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/ebio_gradetds/102.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Guedes Rocha Dupin, Julia. “Historical Biogeography and the Evolution of Environmental Niche and Fruit Type in Datureae (Solanaceae).” 2017. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Guedes Rocha Dupin J. Historical Biogeography and the Evolution of Environmental Niche and Fruit Type in Datureae (Solanaceae). [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/ebio_gradetds/102.
Council of Science Editors:
Guedes Rocha Dupin J. Historical Biogeography and the Evolution of Environmental Niche and Fruit Type in Datureae (Solanaceae). [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2017. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/ebio_gradetds/102
University of Colorado
8.
Mihaljevic, Joseph Richard.
Understanding the Effects of Host and Pathogen Diversity on Disease and Pathogen Transmission at Multiple Spatial Scales.
Degree: PhD, Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, 2014, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/ebio_gradetds/60
► In wildlife communities, the diversity of both host species and pathogens can affect disease and transmission dynamics. However, the various mechanisms leading to these…
(more)
▼ In wildlife communities, the diversity of both host species and pathogens can affect disease and transmission dynamics. However, the various mechanisms leading to these biodiversity effects occur at strikingly different spatial scales. For my dissertation, I used empirical and theoretical tools to understand how pathogen and host diversity affect transmission at multiple scales. First, I conducted a series of laboratory experiments using a genus of viruses,
Ranavirus, which can cause devastating die-offs in amphibian populations. I asked how multiple virus types might interact to affect individual-level probabilities of infection and, subsequently, population-level transmission dynamics. I found that co-exposure to two
Ranavirus species substantially increased the probability of an amphibian larva becoming infected, as well as the average viral load among individuals. Concordantly, the presence of multiple
Ranavirus species led to larger epidemics in experimental populations, as well as an increased probability of mortality. This research illustrates that
Ranavirus coinfection could strongly mediate epidemic dynamics in natural amphibian populations. In the next part of my dissertation, I created an epidemiological model in which a single pathogen circulates through a vertebrate host community. I found that the relationship between host species richness and pathogen transmission could be positive, negative, or non-monotonic depending on how the host's total community density scales with host richness and the type of pathogen transmission assumed. These results highlight that host community composition influences transmission in complex ways, suggesting that observing a consistent effect of host diversity in natural systems is unlikely. Finally, scaling up and using a metacommunity framework, I developed a statistical method to explore how symbiont (including pathogen) communities are structured across space. I then applied this method to a large scale, longitudinal data set of amphibian symbiont communities and discovered that the structure of these communities changes through time and is predominantly influenced by temporal changes in host community composition. Overall, my research illustrates that transmission dynamics are influenced by factors at multiple spatial scales and that integrating across scales is important for understanding how, where, and when biodiversity will affect disease dynamics.
Advisors/Committee Members: Pieter T.J. Johnson, Andrew Martin, Samuel Flaxman, Christy McCain, Robert Garcea.
Subjects/Keywords: Bayesian inference; community ecology; disease ecology; epidemiology; metacommunity; Biodiversity; Biology; Epidemiology; Population Biology
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Mihaljevic, J. R. (2014). Understanding the Effects of Host and Pathogen Diversity on Disease and Pathogen Transmission at Multiple Spatial Scales. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/ebio_gradetds/60
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Mihaljevic, Joseph Richard. “Understanding the Effects of Host and Pathogen Diversity on Disease and Pathogen Transmission at Multiple Spatial Scales.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 23, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/ebio_gradetds/60.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Mihaljevic, Joseph Richard. “Understanding the Effects of Host and Pathogen Diversity on Disease and Pathogen Transmission at Multiple Spatial Scales.” 2014. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Mihaljevic JR. Understanding the Effects of Host and Pathogen Diversity on Disease and Pathogen Transmission at Multiple Spatial Scales. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/ebio_gradetds/60.
Council of Science Editors:
Mihaljevic JR. Understanding the Effects of Host and Pathogen Diversity on Disease and Pathogen Transmission at Multiple Spatial Scales. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2014. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/ebio_gradetds/60
University of Colorado
9.
Wilkening, Jennifer Lee.
Characterizing Metrics and Outcomes of Stress in a Climate-Sensitive Species, the American Pika.
Degree: PhD, Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, 2014, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/ebio_gradetds/62
► The American pika (Ochotona princeps) is considered a sentinel species for detecting ecological effects of climate change. Pikas are declining within a large portion…
(more)
▼ The American pika (
Ochotona princeps) is considered a sentinel species for detecting ecological effects of climate change. Pikas are declining within a large portion of their range, but previous studies have focused only on local pika extirpation as a metric of change. This approach does not take into account the role of behavioral thermoregulation and the pika's use of microhabitats to ameliorate variations in climate. Without evidence of a direct climatic impact on pikas, studies correlating pika habitat occupancy with climate metrics provide relatively weak support for projecting effects of climate change on this species. This dissertation research focuses on the physiological stress response of pikas to differences in microhabitat and microclimate. First, I developed and validated bio-assays to measure physiological stress in pikas. Second, relationships were established between pika stress and habitat characteristics associated with sub-surface ice features, which are an important component of water resources. Third, I examined effects of local climate on stress, while accounting for the influence of environmental characteristics on a frequently used stress metric (fecal CORT). Lastly, annual individual survival was analyzed in relation to two different stress metrics (fecal and plasma CORT). Research efforts resulted in the establishment of non-invasive methods for estimating stress in pikas, and also emphasize the importance of considering environmental influences on stress measurements collected non-invasively across different eco-regions. Additional results suggest that pikas may serve as a sensitive bio-indicator of hydrological change in high elevation watershed areas. Finally, pikas appear to be experiencing chronic stress, and reduced survival, in some microhabitats regardless of behavioral adaptations.
Advisors/Committee Members: Sharon Kay Collinge, Chris Ray, Christy McCain, Rebecca Safran, Mark Williams.
Subjects/Keywords: alpine communities; annual survival; climate change; physiological stress; population viability; sentinel species; Animal Studies; Climate; Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Wilkening, J. L. (2014). Characterizing Metrics and Outcomes of Stress in a Climate-Sensitive Species, the American Pika. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/ebio_gradetds/62
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wilkening, Jennifer Lee. “Characterizing Metrics and Outcomes of Stress in a Climate-Sensitive Species, the American Pika.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 23, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/ebio_gradetds/62.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wilkening, Jennifer Lee. “Characterizing Metrics and Outcomes of Stress in a Climate-Sensitive Species, the American Pika.” 2014. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Wilkening JL. Characterizing Metrics and Outcomes of Stress in a Climate-Sensitive Species, the American Pika. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/ebio_gradetds/62.
Council of Science Editors:
Wilkening JL. Characterizing Metrics and Outcomes of Stress in a Climate-Sensitive Species, the American Pika. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2014. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/ebio_gradetds/62
. 
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