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University of Colorado
1.
Bromley, Sarah Louise.
Many-Body Physics in an Optical Lattice Clock.
Degree: PhD, 2018, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/240 
► In this work we study the effect of interactions in an optical lattice clock based on fermionic Sr atoms. In current one-dimensional lattice clocks…
(more)
▼ In this work we study the effect of interactions in an optical lattice clock based on fermionic Sr atoms. In current one-dimensional lattice clocks nuclear spin-polarized atoms are known to have contact interactions of <i>p</i>-wave character and collective in nature. Here we focus on interactions that will influence the design of future optical lattice clocks. We study the case where atoms are no longer confined to a single nuclear spin state. By using samples of atoms with different distributions among the ten nuclear spin states of Sr we show that these interactions are SU(<i>N</i>) symmetric up to a 3% uncertainty in our measurements. Through these measurements we are also able to determine all the <i>s</i>-wave and <i>p</i>-wave scattering lengths. We also study the case of nuclear spin-polarized interacting atoms that are allowed to tunnel between different lattice sites where the electronic spin and the motion of these atoms become coupled. We observe spectroscopically the precession of the collective magnetization and evolution of spin locking effects arising from the interplay between <i>p</i>-wave interactions and interactions induced by the spin-orbit coupling. The many-body dynamics are captured by a spin model that describes a broad class of condensed matter systems ranging from superconductors to quantum magnets. By loading a dense sample of atoms into a magneto-optical trap we are able to observe long-range dipole-dipole interactions between our Sr atoms. These interactions will be important for atomic clocks based on a three dimensional lattice, such as the one recently demonstrated in our lab. In these clocks it is possible to remove the contact interactions between the atoms by loading only one atom per lattice site. In this case the dominant interactions will be from the long-range dipole-dipole interactions that will take place between the atoms.
Advisors/Committee Members: Jun Ye, Ana Maria Rey, James Thompson.
Subjects/Keywords: atomic clocks; collective; spin-orbit coupling; strontium; spin-polarized; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics; Physics
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APA (6th Edition):
Bromley, S. L. (2018). Many-Body Physics in an Optical Lattice Clock. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/240
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Bromley, Sarah Louise. “Many-Body Physics in an Optical Lattice Clock.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 21, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/240.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Bromley, Sarah Louise. “Many-Body Physics in an Optical Lattice Clock.” 2018. Web. 21 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Bromley SL. Many-Body Physics in an Optical Lattice Clock. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 21].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/240.
Council of Science Editors:
Bromley SL. Many-Body Physics in an Optical Lattice Clock. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2018. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/240
University of Colorado
2.
Blatt, Sebastian Alexander.
Ultracold Collisions and Fundamental Physics with Strontium.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2011, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/36
► The success of strontium-based optical lattice clocks in the last five years has led to a recommendation by BIPM of strontium as a future…
(more)
▼ The success of strontium-based optical lattice clocks in the last five years has led to a recommendation by BIPM of strontium as a future standard of frequency and time. Due to the excellent agreement between three international labs, the strontium optical clock transition is the best agreed-upon optical frequency to date. We use the international optical clock data to limit present-day drift of fundamental constants and their coupling to the ambient gravitational potential. Strontium lattice clocks are still making rapid progress and promise a large signal-to-noise improvement over single-ion-based frequency standards by employing O(104) atoms. Reaching quantum-projection-noise limited measurement requires a careful study and control of the many-body interactions in the system. We measure interactions between ultracold fermions at the 10-17 level and relate them to s-wave collisions due to a loss of indistinguishability during the spectroscopic process. This new understanding of the many-body effects will increase the precision of current optical lattice clock systems and can lead to the accuracy level that has so far been pioneered only in single particle (trapped ion) systems. A second generation strontium system is used to control ultracold interactions in an otherwise ideal gas of bosonic 88Sr via the optical Feshbach resonance effect. These new measurement and control capabilities pave the way to reach atomic shot-noise limited optical clock performance without detrimental effects from large atom numbers.
Advisors/Committee Members: Jun Ye, Deborah Jin, Ana Maria Rey.
Subjects/Keywords: Optical Atomic Clocks; Optical Feshbach Resonance; Ultracold Collisions; Variation of Fundamental Constants; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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APA (6th Edition):
Blatt, S. A. (2011). Ultracold Collisions and Fundamental Physics with Strontium. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/36
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Blatt, Sebastian Alexander. “Ultracold Collisions and Fundamental Physics with Strontium.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 21, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/36.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Blatt, Sebastian Alexander. “Ultracold Collisions and Fundamental Physics with Strontium.” 2011. Web. 21 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Blatt SA. Ultracold Collisions and Fundamental Physics with Strontium. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 21].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/36.
Council of Science Editors:
Blatt SA. Ultracold Collisions and Fundamental Physics with Strontium. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2011. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/36
University of Colorado
3.
Pepino, Ronald A.
Open Quantum System Studies of Optical Lattices and Nonlinear Optical Cavities: A Comprehensive Development of Atomtronics.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2011, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/42
► A generalized open quantum theory that models the transport properties of bosonic systems is derived from first principles. This theory is shown to correctly…
(more)
▼ A generalized open quantum theory that models the transport properties of bosonic systems is derived from first principles. This theory is shown to correctly describe the long-time behavior of a specific class of non-Markovian system-reservoir interactions. Starting with strongly-interacting bosons in optical lattices, we use this theory to construct a novel, one-to-one analogy with electronic systems, components, and devices. Beginning with the concept of a wire, we demonstrate theoretically the ultracold boson analog of a semiconductor diode, a field-effect transistor, and a bipolar junction transistor. In a manner directly analogous to electronics, we show that it is possible to construct combinatorial logic structures from the fundamental electronic-emulating devices just described. In this sense, our proposal for atomtronic devices is a useful starting point for arrangements with more complex functionality. In addition we show that the behavior of the proposed diode should also be possible utilizing a weakly-interacting, coherent bosonic drive. After demonstrating the formal equivalence between systems comprised of bosons in optical lattices and photons in nonlinear cavity networks, we use the formalism to extend the ideas and concepts developed earlier in ultracold boson systems to nonlinear optical systems. We adapt the open quantum system theory to this new physical environment, and demonstrate theoretically how a few-photon optical diode can be realized in a coupled nonlinear cavity system. An analysis of different practical cavity quantum electrodynamics systems is presented and experimentally-viable candidates are evaluated.
Advisors/Committee Members: Murray J. Holland, Ana Maria Rey, Dana Z. Anderson.
Subjects/Keywords: Atomtronics; Master Equation; Open Quantum Systems; Optical Lattice; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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APA (6th Edition):
Pepino, R. A. (2011). Open Quantum System Studies of Optical Lattices and Nonlinear Optical Cavities: A Comprehensive Development of Atomtronics. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/42
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Pepino, Ronald A. “Open Quantum System Studies of Optical Lattices and Nonlinear Optical Cavities: A Comprehensive Development of Atomtronics.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 21, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/42.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Pepino, Ronald A. “Open Quantum System Studies of Optical Lattices and Nonlinear Optical Cavities: A Comprehensive Development of Atomtronics.” 2011. Web. 21 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Pepino RA. Open Quantum System Studies of Optical Lattices and Nonlinear Optical Cavities: A Comprehensive Development of Atomtronics. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 21].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/42.
Council of Science Editors:
Pepino RA. Open Quantum System Studies of Optical Lattices and Nonlinear Optical Cavities: A Comprehensive Development of Atomtronics. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2011. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/42
University of Colorado
4.
Wilson, Ryan Michael.
Manifestations of the Roton in Dipolar Bose-Einstein Condensates.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2011, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/45
► Today, sixteen years after the realization of the first Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), the field of ultracold many-body physics is booming. In particular, much excitement…
(more)
▼ Today, sixteen years after the realization of the first Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), the field of ultracold many-body physics is booming. In particular, much excitement has been generated by the prospect of creating a degenerate quantum gas of dipolar atoms or molecules. Already, some experimental groups have succeeded in Bose-condensing atomic
52Cr and
164Dy, while other groups have made significant progress towards achieving degeneracy of heteronuclear molecules, such as fermionic
40K
87Rb and bosonic
87Rb
133Cs, where the strength of the dipolar interaction promises to be much greater than that of the already rich
52Cr condensate. Just as the creation of BEC launched a whole new field of research, dipolar BECs are likely to do the same. However, such systems present a theoretical challenge due to the long-range, anisotropic nature of the dipolar interaction. In this thesis, I present a theoretical investigation of ultracold Bose gases with dipolar interactions.
The first part of this thesis is dedicated to the field theoretical treatment of a quantum Bose fluid with dipolar interactions in the ultracold, dilute regime, where the system is well-described by a classical condensate field with quasiparticle excitations. The set of nonlinear integrodifferential equations that describe these objects are derived and novel methods for solving them are presented that, in general, require intricate numerical treatment. Of particular importance is the emergence of a roton mode, reminiscent of that in superfluid
4He. In the second part of this thesis, I show how the roton plays a critical role in the ground state structure and dynamics of a dipolar BEC. Full numerical simulations show that the roton can, for example, be seen in the radial density profile of a quantized vortex state or in the angular collapse and explosion of a dipolar BEC. Additionally, I show the crucial role that this roton plays in determining the transition to superfluidity in these systems. Thus, a set of novel phenomena in ultracold dipolar Bose gases is explained by the presence of the roton, and experimental signatures of these phenomena are made clear.
Advisors/Committee Members: John L. Bohn, Chris H. Greene, Ana Maria Rey.
Subjects/Keywords: Bose-Einstein Condensation; Quantum Gases; Superfluid Helium; Ultracold Matter; Physics
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APA (6th Edition):
Wilson, R. M. (2011). Manifestations of the Roton in Dipolar Bose-Einstein Condensates. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/45
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wilson, Ryan Michael. “Manifestations of the Roton in Dipolar Bose-Einstein Condensates.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 21, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/45.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wilson, Ryan Michael. “Manifestations of the Roton in Dipolar Bose-Einstein Condensates.” 2011. Web. 21 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Wilson RM. Manifestations of the Roton in Dipolar Bose-Einstein Condensates. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 21].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/45.
Council of Science Editors:
Wilson RM. Manifestations of the Roton in Dipolar Bose-Einstein Condensates. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2011. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/45
University of Colorado
5.
Lemke, Nathan Dean.
Optical Lattice Clock with Spin-1/2 Ytterbium Atoms.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2012, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/58
► An optical lattice clock probes a spectrally narrow electronic transition in an ensemble of optically trapped, laser-cooled atoms, for use as a time and…
(more)
▼ An optical lattice clock probes a spectrally narrow electronic transition in an ensemble of optically trapped, laser-cooled atoms, for use as a time and frequency standard. To date, several lattice clocks have been demonstrated with superior stability and accuracy compared to primary frequency standards based on microwave transitions. Yet, the question of which atomic system (including the element and isotope) performs best as a lattice clock remains unsettled. This thesis describes the first detailed investigation of an optical lattice clock using a spin-1/2 isotope of the ytterbium atom. A spin-1/2 system possesses several advantages over higher-spin systems, including a simplified level structure (allowing for straightforward manipulation of the nuclear spin state) and the absence of any tensor light shift from the confining optical lattice. Moreover, the ytterbium atom (Yb) stands among the leading lattice clock candidates, offering a high-performance optical clock with some degree of experimental simplicity. The frequency stability of the Yb clock is highlighted by resolving an ultra-narrow clock spectrum with a full-width at half-maximum of 1 Hz, corresponding to a record quality factor
Q =
ν0/Δ<em>
ν</em> = 5 × 10
14. Moreover, this system can be highly accurate, which is demonstrated by characterizing the Yb clock frequency at the 3 × 10
−16 level of fractional uncertainty, with further progress toward a ten-fold improvement also presented. To reach this low level of uncertainty required careful consideration of important systematic errors, including the identification of the Stark-canceling wavelength, where the clock’s sensitivity to the lattice intensity is minimized, a precise determination of the static polarizability of the clock transition, and the measurement and control of atom-atom collisions.
Advisors/Committee Members: Jun Ye, Chris Oates, Ana Maria Rey.
Subjects/Keywords: Lattice clock; Ytterbium; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics; Physics
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APA (6th Edition):
Lemke, N. D. (2012). Optical Lattice Clock with Spin-1/2 Ytterbium Atoms. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/58
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Lemke, Nathan Dean. “Optical Lattice Clock with Spin-1/2 Ytterbium Atoms.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 21, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/58.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Lemke, Nathan Dean. “Optical Lattice Clock with Spin-1/2 Ytterbium Atoms.” 2012. Web. 21 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Lemke ND. Optical Lattice Clock with Spin-1/2 Ytterbium Atoms. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 21].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/58.
Council of Science Editors:
Lemke ND. Optical Lattice Clock with Spin-1/2 Ytterbium Atoms. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2012. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/58
University of Colorado
6.
Choi, Sungsoo.
Thermodynamics of Finite-Momentum States : From Degenerate Atomic Gases to Helical Magnets.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2012, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/61
► We present a theoretical study of finite momentum states in the context of degenerate gases and iron-based magnet. The unifying theme of these seemingly…
(more)
▼ We present a theoretical study of finite momentum states in the context of degenerate gases and iron-based magnet. The unifying theme of these seemingly disparate states of condensed matter is the finite momentum of their respective grounds states and the associated enhanced fluctuations. For the degenerate atomic gases, we study in the first part of the thesis a system of two species of bosonic atoms interacting through a p-wave Feshbach resonance as realized in Rubidium-85/ Rubidium-87 mixture. In mapping out the phase diagram, we show that the system exhibits atomic (ASF), molecular (MSF) and atomic-molecular (AMSF) superfluid phases, where atoms, molecules, and atoms and molecules Bose condense, respectively. The ASF and MSF states are respectively characterized by a nonzero s-wave atomic and p-wave (orbital) spinor molecular condensates. The AMSF is distinguished by the presence of both of these condensates, with the s-wave atomic condensate component necessarily periodically modulated at a wavevector that is tunable with a magnetic field; that is, generically AMSF is a robust supersolid, that simultaneously breaks spatial translational and gauge symmetries. We explore the rich phenomenology of these phases and phase transitions between them, that we find to be strongly influenced by the quantum and thermal fluctuations. In the second part of the thesis, we study magnetism in Fe1+yTe, a parent compound of the iron-based high-temperature superconductors. Motivated by earlier studies that have provided evidences of finite momentum spiral states in these materials, we show that a spin-1 exchange model, supplemented by a single-ion anisotropy accounts well for the experimentally observed mag- netic phase diagram, that prominently exhibits commensurate bi-collinear and incommensurate spin-spiral orders with the associated low-energy spin-wave spectra. We derive the low energy hy- drodynamic models for these magnetic states and use it to describe the magneto-structural and commensurate-incommensurate transitions, and the static and dynamic structure functions across temperature - Fe doping phase diagram.
Advisors/Committee Members: Leo Radzihovsky, Victor Gurarie, Ana Maria Rey.
Subjects/Keywords: Feshbach resonance; FeTe; finite momentum superfluid; magnetostructural transition; resonant Bose gas; structure function; Condensed Matter Physics; Physics
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APA (6th Edition):
Choi, S. (2012). Thermodynamics of Finite-Momentum States : From Degenerate Atomic Gases to Helical Magnets. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/61
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Choi, Sungsoo. “Thermodynamics of Finite-Momentum States : From Degenerate Atomic Gases to Helical Magnets.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 21, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/61.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Choi, Sungsoo. “Thermodynamics of Finite-Momentum States : From Degenerate Atomic Gases to Helical Magnets.” 2012. Web. 21 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Choi S. Thermodynamics of Finite-Momentum States : From Degenerate Atomic Gases to Helical Magnets. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 21].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/61.
Council of Science Editors:
Choi S. Thermodynamics of Finite-Momentum States : From Degenerate Atomic Gases to Helical Magnets. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2012. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/61
University of Colorado
7.
Hinkley, Nathan.
An Atomic Clock for 10^-18 Timekeeping.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2016, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/191
► Oscillators used in timing standards aim to provide a universal, well defined frequency output with minimal random fluctuations. The stability (precision) of an oscillator…
(more)
▼ Oscillators used in timing standards aim to provide a universal, well defined frequency output with minimal random fluctuations. The stability (precision) of an oscillator is highlighted by its quality factor Q = ν
0/δν, where ν
0 is the output frequency with a frequency linewidth of δν. To achieve a high timekeeping precision, an oscillator can operate at high frequency, allowing each partition of time, defined by one oscillation, to be short in duration and thus highly precise. In a similar fashion, because oscillator linewidth determines resolution of the output frequency, a narrow linewidth will yield a highly precise measure of time or frequency. High quality factors are advantageous for two reasons: i) frequency stability sets a fundamental limit to the consistency a clock can partition units of time and ii) measurement precision aids in the the study of physical effects that shift the clock frequency, leading to improved oscillator output control. In the pursuit of high quality factors, state-of-the-art microwave clocks match microwave oscillators to narrow atomic transitions achieving starting oscillator quality factors approaching Q ~ 10
10. Exploiting their starting quality factor in tandem with atomic transition properties allows microwave standards to reach a clock frequency uncertainty and precision of a few parts in 10
16 after a month of averaging. Indeed, with this level of timekeeping, microwave clocks now define the SI second and play central roles in network synchronization, global positioning systems, and tests of fundamental physics. Naturally, a direct approach to better timekeeping is forming oscillators with higher quality factors, partitioning time into finer intervals. This is realized in the next generation of atomic clocks, based on ultra-narrow <i>optical</i> transitions in an atom, capable of reaching quality factors of Q > 4 x 10
15. Optical clock quality factors allow operation of frequency standards in a measurement regime unobtainable by microwave standards, promising orders of magnitude improvement in frequency metrology. This thesis describes the design and realization of an optical frequency standard based on an ensemble of optically trapped, laser-cooled
171Yb atoms. The frequency stability between two
171Yb clock systems is presented here, demonstrating the first realized 10
-18 level measurement precision reaching 1.6 x 10
-18 after 25,000 s of averaging, a 100 fold improvement over state-of-the-art microwave sources. Leveraging a much improved measurement precision allows a detailed investigation of key physical phenomena that shift the atomic transition frequency. An in-depth study of these systematic shifts is discussed in detail here, with a focus on blackbody radiation shift and trap light induced frequency shifts. This study results in a total fractional uncertainty in the ytterbium clock transition frequency of 2.1 x 10
-18. Finally, the robust operation of…
Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Ana Maria Rey, Dr. Chris Oates.
Subjects/Keywords: atomic clock; microwave clock; timekeeping; oscillator measurement; accuracy; ytterbium; lattice frequency; optical atomic clock; blackbody radiation; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics; Physics
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APA (6th Edition):
Hinkley, N. (2016). An Atomic Clock for 10^-18 Timekeeping. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/191
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hinkley, Nathan. “An Atomic Clock for 10^-18 Timekeeping.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 21, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/191.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hinkley, Nathan. “An Atomic Clock for 10^-18 Timekeeping.” 2016. Web. 21 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Hinkley N. An Atomic Clock for 10^-18 Timekeeping. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 21].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/191.
Council of Science Editors:
Hinkley N. An Atomic Clock for 10^-18 Timekeeping. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2016. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/191
University of Colorado
8.
Lewis, William E.
Strongly Interacting Fermi Gases: Hydrodynamics and Beyond.
Degree: PhD, 2018, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/247
► This thesis considers out-of-equilibrium dynamics of strongly interacting non-relativistic Fermi gases in several two and three dimensional geometries. The tools of second-order hydrodynamics and gauge-gravity…
(more)
▼ This thesis considers out-of-equilibrium dynamics of strongly interacting non-relativistic Fermi gases in several two and three dimensional geometries. The tools of second-order hydrodynamics and gauge-gravity duality will be utilized to address this system. Many of the themes of this work are motivated by the observed similarities in transport properties between strongly interacting Fermi gases and other very different strongly interacting quantum fluids such as the quark-gluon plasma, high temperature superconductors, and quantum field theories described by gauge-gravity duality. In particular, these systems all nearly saturate the conjectured lower bound on the ratio of shear viscosity to entropy density <i>η</i>/<i>s</i> ≥ ℏ/(4<i>ϖk
B</i>) coming from the AdS/CFT correspondence. Among other things, this observation, in conjunction with current experiment and data analysis in atomic, condensed matter, and nuclear physics lends itself to the following questions: How perfect of a fluid is the strongly interacting Fermi gas, and can one find a more stringent constraint on <i>η</i>/<i>s</i> in Fermi gases? Do the similarities in transport properties among strongly interacting quantum systems extend beyond dynamics controlled by the hydrodynamical shear viscosity? In regards to the first question, by utilizing second-order hydrodynamics, it will be demonstrated that higher-order collective modes of a harmonically trapped Fermi gas may serve as a more sensitive probe of the shear viscosity. For the second question, both second-order hydrodynamics and a gravity dual theory are used to make predictions about dynamics occurring on short timescales where hydrodynamics is expected to break down. In particular the appearance of a class of "non-hydrodynamic" collective modes not contained within a Navier-Stokes description of the strongly interacting Fermi gas will be discussed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Paul Romatschke, Murray Holland, Ana Maria Rey, Mark Hoefer, John Bohn.
Subjects/Keywords: fermi gases; hydrodynamics; quantum; fluid; atomic physics; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics; Fluid Dynamics; Quantum Physics
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APA (6th Edition):
Lewis, W. E. (2018). Strongly Interacting Fermi Gases: Hydrodynamics and Beyond. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/247
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Lewis, William E. “Strongly Interacting Fermi Gases: Hydrodynamics and Beyond.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 21, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/247.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Lewis, William E. “Strongly Interacting Fermi Gases: Hydrodynamics and Beyond.” 2018. Web. 21 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Lewis WE. Strongly Interacting Fermi Gases: Hydrodynamics and Beyond. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 21].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/247.
Council of Science Editors:
Lewis WE. Strongly Interacting Fermi Gases: Hydrodynamics and Beyond. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2018. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/247
University of Colorado
9.
Foss-Feig, Michael Simonds.
Quantum simulation of many-body physics with neutral atoms, molecules, and ions.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2012, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/70
► Real materials are extremely complicated, and any attempt to understand their bulk properties must begin with the appropriate choice of an idealized model, or…
(more)
▼ Real materials are extremely complicated, and any attempt to understand their bulk properties must begin with the appropriate choice of an idealized model, or Hamiltonian. There are many situations where such models have furnished a decisive understanding of complex quantum phenomena, such as BCS superconductivity and quantum magnetism. There are also cases, for instance the unconventional superconductivity of doped cuprates or heavy-fermion metals, where even the simplest conceivable models are intractable to current theoretical techniques. A promising route toward understanding the physics of such models is to simulate them directly with a highly controlled quantum system. Ultracold neutral atoms, polar molecules, and ions are in many ways ideally suited to this task.
In this thesis, we emphasize how the unique features of particular atomic and molecular sys- tems can be leveraged to access interesting physics in experimentally feasible temperature regimes. In chapter 3, we consider prospects for simulation of the Kondo lattice model using alkaline- earth atoms. In particular, we show how groundstate properties – for instance anomalous mass enhancement – can be probed by looking at far-from equilibrium dynamics, which are a standard diagnostic tool in ultracold atom experiments. Chapter 4 describes a realistic implementation of a bosonic version of the Kondo lattice model, and we show how the Kondo interaction qualitatively changes the superfluid to Mott insulator phase transition. Chapters 5, 6, and 7 are unified through an attempt to understand the effects of dissipation in many-body quantum systems. In chapter 5, our goal is mainly to understand the detrimental effects of two-body reactive collisions on dipolar molecules in a 3D optical lattice. Chapter 6 takes a rather different perspective, and shows that this type of loss naturally induces quantum correlations in the steady state of reactive fermionic molecules or alkaline earth atoms. In chapter 7, we develop an exact analytic solution for the non-equilibrium dynamics of long-ranged Ising models with Markovian decoherence. We apply our solution to the benchmarking of dynamics in an existing trapped-ion quantum simulator, which due to its large size and long-ranged, frustrated, interactions is well beyond the reach of a brute force numerical description.
Advisors/Committee Members: Ana Maria Rey, Mike Hermele, James Thompson, Jun Ye, Mark Ablowitz.
Subjects/Keywords: kondo physics; open quantum systems; quantum simulation; ultracold atomic gases; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics; Condensed Matter Physics
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APA (6th Edition):
Foss-Feig, M. S. (2012). Quantum simulation of many-body physics with neutral atoms, molecules, and ions. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/70
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Foss-Feig, Michael Simonds. “Quantum simulation of many-body physics with neutral atoms, molecules, and ions.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 21, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/70.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Foss-Feig, Michael Simonds. “Quantum simulation of many-body physics with neutral atoms, molecules, and ions.” 2012. Web. 21 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Foss-Feig MS. Quantum simulation of many-body physics with neutral atoms, molecules, and ions. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 21].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/70.
Council of Science Editors:
Foss-Feig MS. Quantum simulation of many-body physics with neutral atoms, molecules, and ions. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2012. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/70
University of Colorado
10.
Mullan, Michael.
Quantum Algorithms for Atomic Clocks.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2013, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/85
► We describe quantum interrogation schemes for passive atomic clocks. During any given interrogation period, the optimal interrogation algorithm depends on the state of the…
(more)
▼ We describe quantum interrogation schemes for passive atomic clocks. During any given interrogation period, the optimal interrogation algorithm depends on the state of the clock – specifically on the frequency deviation of the flywheel (classical oscillator) from the atomic standard. As a clock runs, it is possible to estimate this deviation. Nonetheless, traditional schemes use the same, fixed algorithm for each interrogation period, which is necessarily independent of this prior knowledge. Here we present a dynamic scheme, tailoring our algorithms to the clock's state before each interrogation. These strategies are derived by constructing a complete model of a passive clock – specifically, a probability distribution describing the estimated average offset frequency of the flywheel during both the upcoming interrogation period and interrogation periods in the past is updated via appropriate noise models and by measurements of the atomic standard.
To reduce the deviation from an ideal clock we optimize the next interrogation algorithm by means of a semidefinite program for atomic state preparation and measurement whose objective function depends on the updated state. This program is based on the semidefinite programming formulation of quantum query complexity, a method first developed in the context of deriving algorithmic lower bounds. The application of semidefinite programming to an inherently continuous problem like that considered here requires discretization; we derive bounds on the error introduced and show that it can be made suitably small.
Finally, we implement a full simulation of a passive clock with power-law noise models and find significant improvements by applying our techniques.
Advisors/Committee Members: Emanuel Knill, Ana Maria Rey, David Wineland, Noah Finkelstein, Victor Gurarie.
Subjects/Keywords: Algorithm; Clock; Computation; Interferometry; Quantum; SDP; Quantum Physics
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APA (6th Edition):
Mullan, M. (2013). Quantum Algorithms for Atomic Clocks. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/85
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Mullan, Michael. “Quantum Algorithms for Atomic Clocks.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 21, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/85.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Mullan, Michael. “Quantum Algorithms for Atomic Clocks.” 2013. Web. 21 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Mullan M. Quantum Algorithms for Atomic Clocks. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 21].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/85.
Council of Science Editors:
Mullan M. Quantum Algorithms for Atomic Clocks. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2013. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/85
University of Colorado
11.
Song, Hao.
Interplay between Symmetry and Topological Order in Quantum Spin Systems.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2015, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/159
► In this thesis, we study the topological phases of quantum spin systems. One project is to investigate a class of anti-ferromagnetic SU(N) Heisenberg models,…
(more)
▼ In this thesis, we study the topological phases of quantum spin systems. One project is to investigate a class of anti-ferromagnetic SU(N) Heisenberg models, describing Mott insulators of fermionic ultra-cold alkaline earth atoms on the three-dimensional simple cubic lattice. Our large-N analysis maps a rich phase diagram. One particularly striking state we found spontaneously breaks lattice rotation symmetry, where the cubic lattice breaks up into bilayers, each of which forms a two-dimensional chiral spin liquid state.
In the other projects, we study the phenomenon of symmetry fractionalization on anyons as a tool to characterize two-dimensional symmetry enriched topological phases. In particular, we focus on how crystalline symmetries may fractionalize in gapped Z2 spin liquids. If the system has the symmetry of the square lattice, then there are 2080 symmetry fractionalization patterns possible. With exactly solvable models, we realize 487 of these in strictly two-dimensional systems. In addition, we succeed to understand why the remaining patterns cannot be found in the family of models we construct. Some can only appear on the surface of three-dimensional systems with non-trivial point group symmetry protected topological (pgSPT) order, whose boundary degrees of freedom transform non-locally under the symmetries. We construct a simple toy model to show this anomalous crystalline symmetry fractionalization phenomenon associated with a reflection. Moreover, our approach establishes the connection between the pgSPT phases and the topological phases with on-site symmetries in lower dimensions. This insight is very useful for classification of pgSPT orders in general.
Advisors/Committee Members: Michael Hermele, Victor Gurarie, Leo Radzihovsky, Ana Maria Rey, Jonathan Wise.
Subjects/Keywords: Quantum spin liquid; SU(N) magnetism; Symmetry enriched topological order; Symmetry fractionalization; Symmetry protected topological order; Topological phase; Condensed Matter Physics; Quantum Physics
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APA (6th Edition):
Song, H. (2015). Interplay between Symmetry and Topological Order in Quantum Spin Systems. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/159
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Song, Hao. “Interplay between Symmetry and Topological Order in Quantum Spin Systems.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 21, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/159.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Song, Hao. “Interplay between Symmetry and Topological Order in Quantum Spin Systems.” 2015. Web. 21 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Song H. Interplay between Symmetry and Topological Order in Quantum Spin Systems. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 21].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/159.
Council of Science Editors:
Song H. Interplay between Symmetry and Topological Order in Quantum Spin Systems. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2015. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/159
University of Colorado
12.
McJunkin, Matthew Scott.
Far-Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of the Circumstellar and Interstellar Environment of Young Stars.
Degree: PhD, Astrophysical & Planetary Sciences, 2016, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/astr_gradetds/40
► I have analyzed absorption from the CO Fourth Positive band system (A 1Π − X 1Σ+) in the ultraviolet spectra of 6 Classical T…
(more)
▼ I have analyzed absorption from the CO Fourth Positive band system (A
1Π − X
1Σ
+) in the ultraviolet spectra of 6 Classical T Tauri stars, tripling the measurements in the literature. CO traces the molecular gas in the inner disk, providing constraints on the material in the planet-forming environment. I fit an absorption model in order to determine the column density and temperature of the gas in the disk. My CO rotational temperatures agree well with CO fluorescence measurements in the ultraviolet, but are in between infrared CO absorption and emission measurements.
I also fit absorption profiles of H I against the Lyman-α emission from a large sample of young stars (Classical T Tauri and Herbig Ae/Be) in order to determine the amount of interstellar extinction along the line of sight. Knowing the extinction value will allow us to reconstruct the intrinsic emission from the stars, which is the radiation impacting the protoplanetary disk. This radiation determines the thermal and chemical structure of the material that may form planets. I find lower visual extinction values than those in the literature using optical, infrared, and X-ray measurement techniques.
In addition, I have created a new technique using H
2 fluorescence to empirically estimate the full ultraviolet extinction curve of young stars. I compare predicted line fluxes from my created H
2 fluorescence model to observed fluxes from 7 strong progressions in order to determine the extinction over the 1100 - 1700 ˚A range. I then fit my extinction curves with models from the literature to determine best-fit AV and RV values. I find that this technique is limited by the degeneracy between the AV and RV values, needing one or the other to be determined independently. I hope to improve the technique and mitigate the limitations in future work.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kevin France, James Green, Phil Armitage, Seth Hornstein, Ana Maria Rey.
Subjects/Keywords: circumstellar matter; extinction; molecules; protoplanetary disks; ultraviolet wavelengths; young stars; Astrophysics and Astronomy; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
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APA (6th Edition):
McJunkin, M. S. (2016). Far-Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of the Circumstellar and Interstellar Environment of Young Stars. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/astr_gradetds/40
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
McJunkin, Matthew Scott. “Far-Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of the Circumstellar and Interstellar Environment of Young Stars.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 21, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/astr_gradetds/40.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
McJunkin, Matthew Scott. “Far-Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of the Circumstellar and Interstellar Environment of Young Stars.” 2016. Web. 21 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
McJunkin MS. Far-Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of the Circumstellar and Interstellar Environment of Young Stars. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 21].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/astr_gradetds/40.
Council of Science Editors:
McJunkin MS. Far-Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of the Circumstellar and Interstellar Environment of Young Stars. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2016. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/astr_gradetds/40
University of Colorado
13.
Yin, Xiao.
Nonequilibrium Dynamics of Quenched Quantum Many-Body Systems.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2016, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/188
► The coherence and tunability of Feshbach-resonant gasses enable the experimental studies of highly nonequiblirum quantum many-body states, with a particular focus on the dynamics…
(more)
▼ The coherence and tunability of Feshbach-resonant gasses enable the experimental studies of highly nonequiblirum quantum many-body states, with a particular focus on the dynamics following a quantum Hamiltonian quench <em>H
i to H
f</em>. These have raised numerous fundamental questions on thermalization under unitary time evolution of a closed quantum system. In my dissertation, I studied the dynamics of two specific systems following a quantum quench: 3d
Rb85 resonant Bose gas and 1d spin-imbalanced Fermi-Hubbard model. Using self-consistent Bogoliubov theory and Bosonization formalism, I identify rich post quench dynamics, which lead to thermal or prethermal states that depend strongly on initial state properties. My finding helps better understand the intriguing physics of unitary Bose gas as well as the elusive inhomogeneous superconductivity.
Advisors/Committee Members: Leo Radzihovsky, Victor Gurarie, Anna Hasenfratz, Ana Maria Rey, Mark Hoefer.
Subjects/Keywords: Bose gas; Fermi gas; FFLO; nonequilibrium; prethermalization; thermalization; Condensed Matter Physics; Physics
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APA (6th Edition):
Yin, X. (2016). Nonequilibrium Dynamics of Quenched Quantum Many-Body Systems. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/188
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Yin, Xiao. “Nonequilibrium Dynamics of Quenched Quantum Many-Body Systems.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 21, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/188.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Yin, Xiao. “Nonequilibrium Dynamics of Quenched Quantum Many-Body Systems.” 2016. Web. 21 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Yin X. Nonequilibrium Dynamics of Quenched Quantum Many-Body Systems. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 21].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/188.
Council of Science Editors:
Yin X. Nonequilibrium Dynamics of Quenched Quantum Many-Body Systems. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2016. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/188
University of Colorado
14.
Koller, Andrew Phillip.
Spin-Motion Coupling in Cold Atomic Gases.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2017, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/212
► The interplay between spin and motional degrees of freedom in interacting electron systems has been a long-standing research topic in condensed matter physics. Interactions can…
(more)
▼ The interplay between spin and motional degrees of freedom in interacting electron systems has been a long-standing research topic in condensed matter physics. Interactions can modify the behavior of individual electrons and give rise to emergent collective phenomena such as superconductivity and colossal magnetoresistance. Theoretical understanding of non-equilibrium dynamics in interacting fermionic matter is limited, however, and many open questions remain. Ultracold atomic Fermi gases, with precisely controllable parameters, offer an outstanding opportunity to investigate the emergence of collective behavior in out-of-equilibrium settings. In this thesis we will describe how an optical lattice clock operated with neutral Fermionic atoms can be turned into a quantum simulator of charged particles in a strong magnetic field. We will then discuss the counterintuitive notion that weak interactions in a Fermi gas can lead to large scale collective behavior and global correlations. These ideas are being tested experimentally at JILA and the
University of Toronto. We also investigate in detail the so-called spin model approximation which is used extensively throughout this thesis.
Advisors/Committee Members: Ana Maria Rey, Paul Romatschke, Jun Ye, Eric Cornell, John Bohn.
Subjects/Keywords: atomic clocks; fermi gases; many body physics; non equilibrium dynamics; spin dynamics; ultracold atoms; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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APA (6th Edition):
Koller, A. P. (2017). Spin-Motion Coupling in Cold Atomic Gases. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/212
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Koller, Andrew Phillip. “Spin-Motion Coupling in Cold Atomic Gases.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 21, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/212.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Koller, Andrew Phillip. “Spin-Motion Coupling in Cold Atomic Gases.” 2017. Web. 21 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Koller AP. Spin-Motion Coupling in Cold Atomic Gases. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 21].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/212.
Council of Science Editors:
Koller AP. Spin-Motion Coupling in Cold Atomic Gases. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2017. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/212
University of Colorado
15.
Campbell, Sara L.
A Fermi-Degenerate Three-Dimensional Optical Lattice Clock.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2017, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/214
► Strontium optical lattice clocks have the potential to simultaneously interrogate millions of atoms with a spectroscopic quality factor Q = 4 x 10 17. Previously,…
(more)
▼ Strontium optical lattice clocks have the potential to simultaneously interrogate millions of atoms with a spectroscopic quality factor Q = 4 x 10
17. Previously, atomic interactions have forced a compromise between clock stability, which benefits from a large atom number, and accuracy, which suffers from density-dependent frequency shifts. Here, we demonstrate a scalable solution which takes advantage of the high, correlated density of a degenerate Fermi gas in a three-dimensional optical lattice to guard against on-site interaction shifts. Using a state-of-the-art ultra-stable laser, we achieve an unprecedented level of atom-light coherence, reaching Q = 5.2 x 10
15 with 1 x 10
4 atoms. We investigate clock systematics unique to this design; in particular, we show that contact interactions are resolved so that their contribution to clock shifts is orders of magnitude lower than in previous experiments, and we measure the combined scalar and tensor magic wavelengths for state-independent trapping along all three lattice axes.
Advisors/Committee Members: Jun Ye, James Thompson, Ana Maria Rey, Cindy Regal, Robert McLeod.
Subjects/Keywords: 3D optical lattice; atomic clock; degenerate Fermi gas; optical lattice clock; precision metrology; quantum gases; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics; Physics
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APA (6th Edition):
Campbell, S. L. (2017). A Fermi-Degenerate Three-Dimensional Optical Lattice Clock. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/214
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Campbell, Sara L. “A Fermi-Degenerate Three-Dimensional Optical Lattice Clock.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 21, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/214.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Campbell, Sara L. “A Fermi-Degenerate Three-Dimensional Optical Lattice Clock.” 2017. Web. 21 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Campbell SL. A Fermi-Degenerate Three-Dimensional Optical Lattice Clock. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 21].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/214.
Council of Science Editors:
Campbell SL. A Fermi-Degenerate Three-Dimensional Optical Lattice Clock. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2017. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/214
University of Colorado
16.
Nicholson, Travis L.
A new record in atomic clock performance.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2015, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/139
► The pursuit of better atomic clocks has advanced many fields of research, providing better quantum state control, new insights in quantum science, tighter limits…
(more)
▼ The pursuit of better atomic clocks has advanced many fields of research, providing better quantum state control, new insights in quantum science, tighter limits on fundamental constant variation, and improved tests of relativity. This thesis describes the construction and characterization of an
87Sr optical lattice clock with a state-of-the-art stable laser. The performance of an atomic clock is typically gauged by two figures of merit: stability and total systematic uncertainty. Stability is the statistical precision of a clock or frequency standard, and the total systematic uncertainty is the combined uncertainty of all known systematic measurement biases. Several demonstrations of clock stability are presented in this work, one of which was the first to significantly outperform ion clocks. The most recent of these measurements resulted in fractional stability of 2
.2
×10
−16 at 1 s, which is the best reported to date. This stability is used for two systematic evaluations of our clock. The first full evaluation at 6
.4
× 10
−18 total uncertainty took the record for best clock performance. The second evaluation used improved strategies for systematic measurements, achieving a new best total systematic uncertainty of 2
.1
× 10
−18. Using a combination of accurate radiation thermometry and temperature stabilization of the measurement environment, we demonstrate the first lattice clock to achieve the longstanding goal of 10<em>
−</em>
18 level uncertainty in the formidable blackbody radiation shift. Improvements in the density, lattice ac Stark, and dc Stark shifts were also a result of innovations that are described in this thesis. Due to the low total uncertainty of the Sr clock, timekeeping based on this system would not lose a second in 15 billion years (longer than the age of the Universe), and it would be sensitive to a gravitational redshift corresponding to a height change of 2 cm above the Earth’s surface.
Advisors/Committee Members: Jun Ye, Deborah Jin, Eric Cornell, Ana Maria Rey, Andrew Hamilton.
Subjects/Keywords: Strontium Lattice Clock; Physics
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APA (6th Edition):
Nicholson, T. L. (2015). A new record in atomic clock performance. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/139
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Nicholson, Travis L. “A new record in atomic clock performance.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 21, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/139.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Nicholson, Travis L. “A new record in atomic clock performance.” 2015. Web. 21 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Nicholson TL. A new record in atomic clock performance. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 21].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/139.
Council of Science Editors:
Nicholson TL. A new record in atomic clock performance. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2015. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/139
University of Colorado
17.
Rubbo, Chester Philipp.
Resonant and Soliton Transport of Ultracold Atoms on Optical Lattices.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2012, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/65
► In this thesis, we present a theoretical study of the dynamics of strongly interacting ultracold atoms in optical lattices. At ultracold temperatures, the dynamics…
(more)
▼ In this thesis, we present a theoretical study of the dynamics of strongly interacting ultracold atoms in optical lattices. At ultracold temperatures, the dynamics cannot be described classically, but instead, must take into account quantum effects. Here, our focus is on transport and precision measurement. We use exact analysis of few-body systems and mean field analysis. For larger systems, we use a numerical approach called the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method which is considered an efficient computational tool for the quantum evolution of 1D systems.
After introducing basic concepts, we treat the motional properties of particles in a tilted lattice in a regime where the inter-particle interactions are resonant with the linear potential. In this regime, the dynamics is described by an Ising model with a transverse field which is a basic system to study quantum magnetism and quantum phase transitions. We introduce analytical and numerical methods to draw a simple picture of the dynamics. This helps us to formulate a slinky-like transport scheme that provides full control of the motional direction of particles.
After a study of transport on a tilted lattice, we treat the transport of nonlinear waves in strongly interacting systems. These nonlinear waves are called solitons, which are described as local perturbations of a medium that survive after collisions. We identify two species of classical soliton solutions in our system and study their stability under quantum evolution via DMRG.
We shift focus from the dynamics related to transport and turn to precision measurements in optical lattice clocks. Here, we investigate one aspect of their limitations which is due to collisions of atoms loaded onto a single site. These collisions introduce a frequency shift in the clock measurement. We provide a microscopic description of the origin of this frequency shift. Our results have motivated improvement in the accuracy and precision of next generation optical lattice clocks.
Advisors/Committee Members: Ana Maria Rey, Murray J Holland, John Bohn, Matthew Glaser, Juan G Restrepo.
Subjects/Keywords: tilted lattice; solitons; DMRG; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics; Physics
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APA (6th Edition):
Rubbo, C. P. (2012). Resonant and Soliton Transport of Ultracold Atoms on Optical Lattices. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/65
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Rubbo, Chester Philipp. “Resonant and Soliton Transport of Ultracold Atoms on Optical Lattices.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 21, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/65.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Rubbo, Chester Philipp. “Resonant and Soliton Transport of Ultracold Atoms on Optical Lattices.” 2012. Web. 21 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Rubbo CP. Resonant and Soliton Transport of Ultracold Atoms on Optical Lattices. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 21].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/65.
Council of Science Editors:
Rubbo CP. Resonant and Soliton Transport of Ultracold Atoms on Optical Lattices. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2012. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/65
University of Colorado
18.
Wang, Jia.
Hyperspherical Approach to Quantal Three-body Theory.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2012, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/67
► Hyperspherical coordinates provide a systematic way of describing three-body systems. Solving three-body Schrödinger equations in an adiabatic hyperspherical representation is the focus of this…
(more)
▼ Hyperspherical coordinates provide a systematic way of describing three-body systems. Solving three-body Schrödinger equations in an adiabatic hyperspherical representation is the focus of this thesis. An essentially exact solution can be found numerically by including nonadiabatic couplings using either a slow variable discretization or a traditional adiabatic method. Two different types of three-body systems are investigated: (1) rovibrational states of the triatomic hydrogen ion H
+3 and (2) ultracold collisions of three identical bosons.
Advisors/Committee Members: Chris H. Greene, John Bohn, Eric Cornell, Ana Maria Rey, Robert Parson.
Subjects/Keywords: Efimov Physics; few-body physics; hyperspherical; three-body recombination; triatomic spectrum; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics; Physics
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APA (6th Edition):
Wang, J. (2012). Hyperspherical Approach to Quantal Three-body Theory. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/67
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wang, Jia. “Hyperspherical Approach to Quantal Three-body Theory.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 21, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/67.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wang, Jia. “Hyperspherical Approach to Quantal Three-body Theory.” 2012. Web. 21 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Wang J. Hyperspherical Approach to Quantal Three-body Theory. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 21].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/67.
Council of Science Editors:
Wang J. Hyperspherical Approach to Quantal Three-body Theory. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2012. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/67
University of Colorado
19.
Martin, Michael J.
Quantum Metrology and Many-Body Physics: Pushing the Frontier of the Optical Lattice Clock.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2013, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/78
► Neutral atom optical standards require the highest levels of laser precision to operate near the limit set by quantum fluctuations. We develop state-of-the-art ultra-stable…
(more)
▼ Neutral atom optical standards require the highest levels of laser precision to operate near the limit set by quantum fluctuations. We develop state-of-the-art ultra-stable laser systems to achieve a factor of 10 enhancement in clock measurement precision and additionally demonstrate optical linewidths below 50 mHz. The most stable of these lasers reaches its thermal noise floor of 1 × 10-16 fractional frequency instability, allowing the attainment of near quantum-noise-limited clock operation with single-clock instabilities of 3×10-16 at 1 s. We utilize this high level of spectral resolution to operate a 87Sr optical lattice clock in a regime in which quantum collisions play a dominant role in the dynamics, enabling the study of quantum many-body physics. With a fractional level of precision of near 1 × 10-16 at 1 s, we clearly resolve the signatures of many-body interactions. We find that the complicated interplay between the p wave-dominated elastic and inelastic interaction processes between lattice-trapped atoms leads to severe lineshape distortion, shifts, and loss of Ramsey fringe contrast. We additionally explore the theoretical prediction that these many-body interactions will modify the quantum fluctuations of the system and we find that in certain parameter regimes the quantum noise distribution exhibits a quadrature dependence. We further present technological advancements that will permit ultra-stable lasers to operate with reduced thermal noise, leading to a potential gain of an additional factor of 10 in stability. This indicates that laser fractional frequency instabilities of 1 × 10-17 are within experimental reach, as is a fully-quantum-limited regime of optical clock operation.
Advisors/Committee Members: Jun Ye, Ana Maria Rey, Eric A. Cornell, Deborah S. Jin, Kevin H. Wagner.
Subjects/Keywords: Many-body physics; Optical atomic clocks; Precision spectroscopy; Stable lasers; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics; Optics
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APA (6th Edition):
Martin, M. J. (2013). Quantum Metrology and Many-Body Physics: Pushing the Frontier of the Optical Lattice Clock. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/78
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Martin, Michael J. “Quantum Metrology and Many-Body Physics: Pushing the Frontier of the Optical Lattice Clock.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 21, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/78.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Martin, Michael J. “Quantum Metrology and Many-Body Physics: Pushing the Frontier of the Optical Lattice Clock.” 2013. Web. 21 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Martin MJ. Quantum Metrology and Many-Body Physics: Pushing the Frontier of the Optical Lattice Clock. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 21].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/78.
Council of Science Editors:
Martin MJ. Quantum Metrology and Many-Body Physics: Pushing the Frontier of the Optical Lattice Clock. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2013. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/78
University of Colorado
20.
Neyenhuis, Brian.
Ultracold Polar KRb Molecules in Optical Lattices.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2012, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/83
► The creation of a gas of ultracold polar molecules with a high phase space density brings new possibilities beyond experiments with ultracold atomic gases.…
(more)
▼ The creation of a gas of ultracold polar molecules with a high phase space density brings new possibilities beyond experiments with ultracold atomic gases. In particular, long-range, anisotropic, and tunable dipole-dipole interactions open the way for novel quantum gases, with applications including strongly correlated many-body systems, and ultracold chemistry. This thesis will present the final steps to complete control over both internal and external degrees of freedom of the molecule which allows us to control, and even completely suppress, the chemical reactions between molecules. First, the control over internal states has been achieved through coherent state transfer to the ro-vibronic ground state and coherent manipulations of the hyperfine and rotational states with microwave radiation. Second, external degrees of freedom are controlled by loading the gas into an optical lattice. With the molecules loaded into a one-dimensional lattice, the orientation of the molecular collisions is controlled by manipulating both internal (hyperfine states) and external (motional states in the direction of tight confinement) degrees of freedom. Most striking is that by preparing the molecules all in the lowest band of the lattice in the same internal state, the molecular collisions can only occur in a side-by-side" orientation, where the chemical reaction rate is suppressed by the repulsive dipole-dipole interactions. The chemical reaction can be suppressed completely by further constraining the motion in the trap in a strong 3D lattice. Here we see lifetimes longer than 20 s, limited by o-resonant light scattering. Finally, the ac polarizability of the molecules is explored and controlled. The different rotational states of the molecule have different polarizabilities and will experience a different trapping force in both the optical dipole trap or lattice. We show that there is a magic angle" between the quantization axis and the polarization of the trapping laser at which the polarizabilities of two different rotational states can be matched, eliminating dephasing and allowing for coherent manipulations between rotational states.
Advisors/Committee Members: Deborah S. Jin, Jun Ye, Eric A. Cornell, Ana Maria Rey, Carl Lineberger.
Subjects/Keywords: KRb; optical lattice; ultracold molecules; Physics
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APA (6th Edition):
Neyenhuis, B. (2012). Ultracold Polar KRb Molecules in Optical Lattices. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/83
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Neyenhuis, Brian. “Ultracold Polar KRb Molecules in Optical Lattices.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 21, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/83.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Neyenhuis, Brian. “Ultracold Polar KRb Molecules in Optical Lattices.” 2012. Web. 21 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Neyenhuis B. Ultracold Polar KRb Molecules in Optical Lattices. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 21].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/83.
Council of Science Editors:
Neyenhuis B. Ultracold Polar KRb Molecules in Optical Lattices. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2012. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/83
University of Colorado
21.
Zhang, Chen.
Scattering at Ultracold Temperature: from Statistics to Dimensionality.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2014, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/107
► In this dissertation, we study the few-body ultracold Bose-Fermi mixture and quasi-1D scattering at ultracold temperature. Degenerate quantum gases have attracted enormous attentions during…
(more)
▼ In this dissertation, we study the few-body ultracold Bose-Fermi mixture and quasi-1D scattering at ultracold temperature. Degenerate quantum gases have attracted enormous attentions during the past two decades. They have opened new platforms of quantum simulation, precision measurement and quantum chemistry. The scattering properties of degenerate quantum gases are the first things to study in order to gain insight into various novel phenomena at ultracold temperatures.
To address the role of quantum statistics at ultracold temperature, we study the spectrum and dynamics of a few-body Bose-Fermi mixtures. In particular, we focus the dynamical evolution of a few-body Bose-Fermi mixture and concentrate on its universal behavior at large inter-particle scattering length. We predict the molecule formation efficiency in many-body Bose-Fermi mixtures by mapping this critical observable in few-body calculations. We also propose that a the quantum beat experiment could be used to measure the energy of the lowest Efimov trimer at unitarity.
To address the role of dimensionality, we study confinement induced resonances and similar phenomena in general transverse confining potentials. Well-separated energy scales in different dimensions allow the creation of reduced dimensional systems at ultracold temperatures. We develop a general framework to regularize the low-energy quasi-1D scattering phase shift associated with a zero range interaction.
Lastly, we discuss future prospects for the study of an ultracold Bose-Fermi mixture, and scattering in reduced dimensional systems of a more general topology.
Advisors/Committee Members: Chris H. Greene, Ana Maria Rey, John L. Bohn, Michael Hermele, Deborah S. Jin.
Subjects/Keywords: Bose-Fermi mixture; Confinement Induced Resonance; Efimov; Hyperspherical; Quasi-1D; Scattering; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Zhang, C. (2014). Scattering at Ultracold Temperature: from Statistics to Dimensionality. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/107
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Zhang, Chen. “Scattering at Ultracold Temperature: from Statistics to Dimensionality.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 21, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/107.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Zhang, Chen. “Scattering at Ultracold Temperature: from Statistics to Dimensionality.” 2014. Web. 21 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Zhang C. Scattering at Ultracold Temperature: from Statistics to Dimensionality. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 21].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/107.
Council of Science Editors:
Zhang C. Scattering at Ultracold Temperature: from Statistics to Dimensionality. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2014. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/107
University of Colorado
22.
Moses, Steven Aaron.
A Quantum Gas of Polar Molecules in an Optical Lattice.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2016, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/161
► Ultracold polar molecules, because of their long-range, spatially anisotropic interactions, are a new quantum system in which to study novel many-body phenomena. In our…
(more)
▼ Ultracold polar molecules, because of their long-range, spatially anisotropic interactions, are a new quantum system in which to study novel many-body phenomena. In our lab, we have produced the first quantum gas of 40K87Rb polar molecules. These molecules were found to undergo exothermic chemical reactions, and this led to interesting studies of chemistry near absolute zero. By creating the molecules at individual sites of a 3D optical lattice, we completely suppress these chemical reactions, and the polar molecule gas becomes stable and lives for tens of seconds. This thesis documents our efforts to explore coherent, many-body phenomena resulting from long-range dipolar interactions in the lattice. By encoding a spin-1=2 system in the rotational states of the molecules, we were able to realize spin-exchange interactions based on a spin Hamiltonian, which is one of the first steps in studying quantum magnetism with polar molecules. While this study was the first realization of such coherent dipolar interactions with polar molecules in a lattice, its full potential was limited by the low lattice filling fractions. Using our ability to exquisitely control the initial atomic gas mixture, we loaded a Mott insulator of Rb and a band insulator of K into the lattice. This quantum synthesis approach led to significantly higher molecular filling fractions and represents the first fully connected system of polar molecules in an optical lattice. This low-entropy quantum gas of polar molecules opens the door to interesting quantum simulations, which should be attainable in the next generation of the experiment.
Advisors/Committee Members: Jun Ye, Deborah S. Jin, Ana Maria Rey, Eric Cornell, Carl Lineberger.
Subjects/Keywords: Atomic physics; Optical lattices; Quantum simulation; Ultracold molecules; Physics
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
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APA (6th Edition):
Moses, S. A. (2016). A Quantum Gas of Polar Molecules in an Optical Lattice. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/161
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Moses, Steven Aaron. “A Quantum Gas of Polar Molecules in an Optical Lattice.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 21, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/161.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Moses, Steven Aaron. “A Quantum Gas of Polar Molecules in an Optical Lattice.” 2016. Web. 21 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Moses SA. A Quantum Gas of Polar Molecules in an Optical Lattice. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 21].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/161.
Council of Science Editors:
Moses SA. A Quantum Gas of Polar Molecules in an Optical Lattice. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2016. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/161
University of Colorado
23.
Xu, Minghui.
Theory of Steady-State Superradiance.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2016, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/166
► In this thesis, I describe the theoretical development of the superradiant laser, or laser in the extreme bad-cavity regime. In this regime, the cavity…
(more)
▼ In this thesis, I describe the theoretical development of the superradiant laser, or laser in the extreme bad-cavity regime. In this regime, the cavity decay rate is much greater than the atomic dynamics. The atoms emit photons into the cavity mode superradiantly in steady state. We develop group-theoretic methods that enable us to exactly solve mesoscopic systems with hundreds of atoms. We demonstrate the synchronization of atomic dipoles in steady-state superradiance. With this synchronized system, we propose conditional Ramsey spectroscopy which allows us to observe Ramsey fringes indefinitely, even in the presence of atomic decoherence. Furthermore, we explore manifestations of synchronization in the quantum realm with two superradiant atomic ensembles. We show that two such ensembles exhibit a dynamical phase transition from two disparate oscillators to quantum phase-locked dynamics. Finally, we study the mechanical eect of the light-atom interaction in the steady-state superradiance. We find efficient many-body cooling of atoms. The work described in this thesis lays the theoretical foundation for the superradiant laser and for a potential future of active optical frequency standards.
Advisors/Committee Members: Murray J. Holland, James K. Thompson, Ana Maria Rey, Lijun Chen, Thomas DeGrand.
Subjects/Keywords: Cavity QED; Laser Cooling; Precision Measurement; Quantum Synchronization; Superradiant Laser; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics; Quantum Physics
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Xu, M. (2016). Theory of Steady-State Superradiance. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/166
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Xu, Minghui. “Theory of Steady-State Superradiance.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 21, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/166.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Xu, Minghui. “Theory of Steady-State Superradiance.” 2016. Web. 21 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Xu M. Theory of Steady-State Superradiance. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 21].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/166.
Council of Science Editors:
Xu M. Theory of Steady-State Superradiance. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2016. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/166
University of Colorado
24.
Zhu, Bihui.
Many-Body Physics in Long-Range Interacting Quantum Systems.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2017, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/213
► Ultracold atomic and molecular systems provide a useful platform for understanding quantum many-body physics. Recent progresses in AMO experiments enable access to systems exhibiting…
(more)
▼ Ultracold atomic and molecular systems provide a useful platform for understanding quantum many-body physics. Recent progresses in AMO experiments enable access to systems exhibiting long-range interactions, opening a window for exploring the interplay between long-range interactions and dissipation. In this thesis, I develop theoretical approaches to study non-equilibrium dynamics in systems where such interplay is crucial. I first focus on a system of KRb molecules, where dipolar interactions and fast chemical reactions coexist. Using a classical kinetic theory and Monte Carlo methods, I study the evaporative cooling in a quasi-two-dimensional trap, and develop a protocol to reach quantum degeneracy. I also study the case where molecules are loaded into an optical lattice, and show that the strong dissipation induces a quantum Zeno effect, which suppresses the molecule loss. The analysis requires including multiple bands to explain recent experimental measurements, and can be used to determine the molecular filling fraction. I also investigate a system of radiating atoms, which experience long-range elastic and dissipative interactions. I explore the collective behavior of atoms and the role of atomic motion. The model is validated by comparison with a recent light scattering experiment using Sr atoms. I also show that incoherently pumped dipoles can undergo a dynamical phase transition to synchronization, and study its signature in the quantum regime.
Advisors/Committee Members: Ana Maria Rey, Murray J. Holland, Victor Gurarie, James K. Thompson, Juan G. Restrepo.
Subjects/Keywords: AMO systems; long-range interactions; many-body physics; quantum open systems; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics; Physics
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APA (6th Edition):
Zhu, B. (2017). Many-Body Physics in Long-Range Interacting Quantum Systems. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/213
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Zhu, Bihui. “Many-Body Physics in Long-Range Interacting Quantum Systems.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 21, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/213.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Zhu, Bihui. “Many-Body Physics in Long-Range Interacting Quantum Systems.” 2017. Web. 21 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Zhu B. Many-Body Physics in Long-Range Interacting Quantum Systems. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 21].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/213.
Council of Science Editors:
Zhu B. Many-Body Physics in Long-Range Interacting Quantum Systems. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2017. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/213
University of Colorado
25.
Tan, Ting Rei.
High-Fidelity Entangling Gates with Trapped-Ions.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2016, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/224
► Quantum entangling logic gates are key ingredients for the implementation of a quantum information processing device. In this thesis, we focus on experimental implementations of…
(more)
▼ Quantum entangling logic gates are key ingredients for the implementation of a quantum information processing device. In this thesis, we focus on experimental implementations of three types of entangling geometric-phase gates with trapped ions, which rely on the effective spin-spin interactions generated with state-dependent forces. First, a mixed-species entangling gate is demonstrated using a beryllium and a magnesium ion to create a Bell state with a fidelity of 0.979(1). Combined with single-qubit gates, we use this mixed-species gate to implement controlled-NOT and SWAP gates. Second, we implement a high-fidelity universal gate set with beryllium ions. Single-qubit gates with error per gate of 3.8(1)x10
-5 are achieved. By creating a Bell state with a deterministic two-qubit entangling gate, we deduce a gate error as low as 8(4)x10
-4. Third, a novel two-qubit entangling gate with dynamical decoupling built-in is demonstrated with a fidelity of 0.974(4). This gate is robust against qubit dephasing errors and offers simplifications in experimental implementation compared to some other gates with trapped ions. Errors in the above implementations are evaluated and methods to further reduce imperfections are discussed. In a separate experiment, correlated measurements made on pairs of ions violate a "chained" Bell inequality obeyed by any local-realistic theory. The lowest chained Bell inequality parameter determined from our measurements is 0.296(12), this value is significantly lower than 0.586, the minimum value derived from a perfect Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Horne (CHSH) Bell inequality experiment. Furthermore, our CHSH Bell inequality results provide a device-independent certification of the deterministically created Bell states.
Advisors/Committee Members: David J. Wineland, Emanuel Knill, Ana Maria Rey, Jun Ye, Eric Cornell.
Subjects/Keywords: Atomic; molecular; and optical physics; Chained Bell inequality; Mixed-species entangling gate; Quantum entanglement; Quantum information; Trapped ions; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics; Physics; Quantum Physics
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APA (6th Edition):
Tan, T. R. (2016). High-Fidelity Entangling Gates with Trapped-Ions. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/224
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Tan, Ting Rei. “High-Fidelity Entangling Gates with Trapped-Ions.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 21, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/224.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Tan, Ting Rei. “High-Fidelity Entangling Gates with Trapped-Ions.” 2016. Web. 21 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Tan TR. High-Fidelity Entangling Gates with Trapped-Ions. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 21].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/224.
Council of Science Editors:
Tan TR. High-Fidelity Entangling Gates with Trapped-Ions. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2016. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/224
University of Colorado
26.
Kravtsov, Vasily.
Coherent Femtosecond Spectroscopy and Nonlinear Optical Imaging on the Nanoscale.
Degree: PhD, 2017, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/225
► Optical properties of many materials and macroscopic systems are defined by ultrafast dynamics of electronic, vibrational, and spin excitations localized on the nanoscale. Harnessing…
(more)
▼ Optical properties of many materials and macroscopic systems are defined by ultrafast dynamics of electronic, vibrational, and spin excitations localized on the nanoscale. Harnessing these excitations for material engineering, optical computing, and control of chemical reactions has been a long-standing goal in science and technology. However, it is challenging due to the lack of spectroscopic techniques that can resolve processes simultaneously on the nanometer spatial and femtosecond temporal scales. This thesis describes the fundamental principles, implementation, and experimental demonstration of a novel type of ultrafast microscopy based on the concept of adiabatic plasmonic nanofocusing. Simultaneous spatio-temporal resolution on a nanometer-femtosecond scale is achieved by using a near-field nonlinear optical response induced by ultrafast surface plasmon polaritons nanofocused on a metal tip. First, we study the surface plasmon response in metallic structures and evaluate its prospects and limitations for ultrafast near-field microscopy. Through plasmon emission-based spectroscopy, we investigate dephasing times and interplay between radiative and non-radiative decay rates of localized plasmons and their modification due to coupling. We identify a new regime of quantum plasmonic coupling, which limits the achievable spatial resolution to several angstroms but at the same time provides a potential channel for generating ultrafast electron currents at optical frequencies. Next, we study propagation of femtosecond wavepackets of surface plasmon polaritons on a metal tip. In time-domain interferometric measurements we detect group delays that correspond to slowing of the plasmon polaritons down to 20% of the speed of light at the tip apex. This provides direct experimental verification of the plasmonic nanofocusing mechanism and suggests enhanced nonlinear optical interactions at the tip apex. We then measure a plasmon-generated third-order nonlinear optical four-wave mixing response from the tip apex and investigate its microscopic mechanism. Our results reveal a significant contribution to the third order nonlinearity of plasmonic structures due to large near-field gradients associated with nanofocused plasmons. In combination with scanning probe imaging and femtosecond pulse shaping, the nanofocused four-wave mixing response provides a basis for a novel type of ultrafast optical microscopy on the nanoscale. We demonstrate its capabilities by nano-imaging the coherent dynamics of localized plasmonic modes in a rough gold film edge with simultaneous sub-50 nm spatial and sub-5 fs temporal resolution. We capture the coherent decay and extract the dephasing times of individual plasmonic modes. Lastly, we apply our technique to study nanoscale spatial heterogeneity of the nonlinear optical response in novel two-dimensional materials: monolayer and few-layer graphene. An enhanced four-wave mixing signal is revealed on the edges of graphene flakes. We investigate the mechanism of this…
Advisors/Committee Members: Markus B. Raschke, Cindy A. Regal, Ana Maria Rey, Xiaobo Yin, Wounjhang Park.
Subjects/Keywords: nanofocusing; microscopy; plasmon; Condensed Matter Physics; Nanoscience and Nanotechnology; Optics
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APA (6th Edition):
Kravtsov, V. (2017). Coherent Femtosecond Spectroscopy and Nonlinear Optical Imaging on the Nanoscale. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/225
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kravtsov, Vasily. “Coherent Femtosecond Spectroscopy and Nonlinear Optical Imaging on the Nanoscale.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 21, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/225.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kravtsov, Vasily. “Coherent Femtosecond Spectroscopy and Nonlinear Optical Imaging on the Nanoscale.” 2017. Web. 21 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Kravtsov V. Coherent Femtosecond Spectroscopy and Nonlinear Optical Imaging on the Nanoscale. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 21].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/225.
Council of Science Editors:
Kravtsov V. Coherent Femtosecond Spectroscopy and Nonlinear Optical Imaging on the Nanoscale. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2017. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/225
University of Colorado
27.
Norcia, Matthew Andrew.
New Tools for Precision Measurement and Quantum Science with Narrow Linewidth Optical Transitions.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2017, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/231
► In my thesis work, I have explored a variety of ways in which narrow linewidth optical transitions can be utilized to extend the capabilities…
(more)
▼ In my thesis work, I have explored a variety of ways in which narrow linewidth optical transitions can be utilized to extend the capabilities of precision measurement and quantum science. These tools include non-destructive atom counting techniques that may enhance the performance of optical lattice clocks, a novel form of cavity enhanced atomic spectroscopy appropriate for laser frequency stabilization, a new form of laser cooling with reduced reliance on spontaneous emission, several methods for enhancing the sensitivity of proposed atomic gravitational wave detectors, a newly observed form of cavity-mediated spin-spin interactions, and a new class of laser based on optical superradiance from narrow and ultra-narrow linewidth transitions. As part of the superradiant laser project, we have demonstrated the most precise active absolute frequency reference realized to date, which still has great potential for improvement. Many of these tools involve coupling atoms to an optical cavity, a field known as cavity quantum electrodynamics, or cavity QED. In my thesis work, a key focus was the extension of cavity QED techniques into the new regime of coupling large ensembles of atoms to a cavity using narrow linewidth optical transitions (in contrast to the previously explored regimes of microwave-frequency transitions or broad-linewidth optical transitions). To this end, I constructed a new experiment to couple an ensemble of atoms to an optical cavity using two optical transitions in atomic strontium, one with a narrow 7.5 kHz linewidth, and another with an ultra-narrow 1 mHz linewidth. This new system has allowed us to access a unique new regime of cavity QED, and a wealth of interesting and useful applications.
Advisors/Committee Members: James K. Thompson, James K. Thompson, Jun Ye, Ana Maria Rey, Murray J. Holland.
Subjects/Keywords: atomic; strontium; superradiant; Physics
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APA (6th Edition):
Norcia, M. A. (2017). New Tools for Precision Measurement and Quantum Science with Narrow Linewidth Optical Transitions. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/231
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Norcia, Matthew Andrew. “New Tools for Precision Measurement and Quantum Science with Narrow Linewidth Optical Transitions.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 21, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/231.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Norcia, Matthew Andrew. “New Tools for Precision Measurement and Quantum Science with Narrow Linewidth Optical Transitions.” 2017. Web. 21 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Norcia MA. New Tools for Precision Measurement and Quantum Science with Narrow Linewidth Optical Transitions. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 21].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/231.
Council of Science Editors:
Norcia MA. New Tools for Precision Measurement and Quantum Science with Narrow Linewidth Optical Transitions. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2017. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/231
University of Colorado
28.
Chapman, Ben J.
Widely Tunable On-Chip Microwave Circulator for Superconducting Quantum Circuits.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2018, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/232
► This thesis develops theory for and experimentally demonstrates a new way to break Lorentz reciprocity—the symmetry, in an electrical network, under exchange of source…
(more)
▼ This thesis develops theory for and experimentally demonstrates a new way to break Lorentz reciprocity—the symmetry, in an electrical network, under exchange of source and detector. The approach is based on the sequential application of frequency conversion and delay; as frequency and time are Fourier duals, these operations do not generally commute. We apply this method in the construction of an on-chip superconducting microwave circulator, a critical component for the unidirectional routing of quantum information in superconducting networks. The device requires neither permanent magnets nor microwave control tones, allowing on-chip integration with other superconducting circuits without expensive control hardware. Isolation in the device exceeds 20 dB over a bandwidth of tens of MHz, and its insertion loss is small, reaching as low as 0.9 dB at select operation frequencies. Furthermore, the device is linear with respect to input power for signal powers up to many hundreds of fW (~10
3 circulating photons), and the direction of circulation can be dynamically reconfigured. We demonstrate its tunability with operation at a selection of frequencies between 4 and 6 GHz. Given the current status of quantum error-correction and architectures for quantum information processing with superconducting circuits, such scalable non-reciprocal devices will almost certainly be necessary for construction of a superconducting quantum computer intended to be more than a proof-of-principle.
Advisors/Committee Members: K. W. Lehnert, Ana Maria Rey, John Price, Dana Anderson, Taylor Barton.
Subjects/Keywords: circulator; Lorentz reciprocity; non-reciprocity; Physics; Quantum Physics
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MLA ·
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CSE |
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APA (6th Edition):
Chapman, B. J. (2018). Widely Tunable On-Chip Microwave Circulator for Superconducting Quantum Circuits. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/232
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Chapman, Ben J. “Widely Tunable On-Chip Microwave Circulator for Superconducting Quantum Circuits.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 21, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/232.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Chapman, Ben J. “Widely Tunable On-Chip Microwave Circulator for Superconducting Quantum Circuits.” 2018. Web. 21 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Chapman BJ. Widely Tunable On-Chip Microwave Circulator for Superconducting Quantum Circuits. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 21].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/232.
Council of Science Editors:
Chapman BJ. Widely Tunable On-Chip Microwave Circulator for Superconducting Quantum Circuits. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2018. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/232
University of Colorado
29.
Bishof, Michael N.
Understanding Atomic Interactions in an Optical Lattice Clock and Using Them to Study Many-Body Physics.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2014, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/121
► Strontium optical lattice clocks at JILA recently demonstrated record-high accuracy and stability. These advances were enabled by an ultrastable laser with fractional frequency stability…
(more)
▼ Strontium optical lattice clocks at JILA recently demonstrated record-high accuracy and stability. These advances were enabled by an ultrastable laser with fractional frequency stability of 1x10
-16 at 1 second. This laser allows us to study systematic shifts of the
1S
0 to
3P
0 clock transition with unprecedented precision. Density-dependent frequency shifts represent an unavoidable perturbation for clocks based on many atoms. Our studies of atomic interactions in an optical lattice clock system uncover the nature of these interactions and reveal important many-body atomic correlation effects in this open quantum system. By extending our measurements to all ten nuclear-spin sublevels of the clock states, we observe the first direct evidence of SU(
N) symmetric interactions in alkaline earth(-like) atoms. Using the techniques we developed in these studies, we also demonstrate a novel technique for measuring the frequency noise spectrum of an ultrastable laser. We discuss designs for the future direction of our experiment which will place
87Sr atoms within a high finesse cavity that is resonant on the
1S
0 to
3P
1 transition. We will use this system to study collective effects in cavity quantum electrodynamics. Most notably, strong atom-cavity coupling can enhance the spectroscopic sensitivity of our clock by creating spin-squeezed states via quantum non-demolition measurements. As a precursor to future work studying cavity-mediated collective behavior, we use the unique atomic structure of
88Sr to investigate free-space retarded dipolar coupling in an optically thick sample of atoms.
Advisors/Committee Members: Jun Ye, Ana Maria Rey, Eric A. Cornell, James K. Thompson, David M. Jonas.
Subjects/Keywords: JILA; strontium optical lattice clock; ultrastable laser; atomic interaction; cavity quantum electrodynamics; dipolar coupling; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics; Optics; Quantum Physics
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Record Details
Similar Records
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
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APA (6th Edition):
Bishof, M. N. (2014). Understanding Atomic Interactions in an Optical Lattice Clock and Using Them to Study Many-Body Physics. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/121
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Bishof, Michael N. “Understanding Atomic Interactions in an Optical Lattice Clock and Using Them to Study Many-Body Physics.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 21, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/121.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Bishof, Michael N. “Understanding Atomic Interactions in an Optical Lattice Clock and Using Them to Study Many-Body Physics.” 2014. Web. 21 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Bishof MN. Understanding Atomic Interactions in an Optical Lattice Clock and Using Them to Study Many-Body Physics. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 21].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/121.
Council of Science Editors:
Bishof MN. Understanding Atomic Interactions in an Optical Lattice Clock and Using Them to Study Many-Body Physics. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2014. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/121
University of Colorado
30.
Shen, Zhaochuan.
The Study of the BCS-BEC Crossover in Optical Lattices and of Quenches in Paired Superfluids.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2014, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/123
► This dissertation presents the theoretical study of two-component fermionic gases. It firstly studies the BCS-BEC crossover for the system of the two-component fermionic gas…
(more)
▼ This dissertation presents the theoretical study of two-component fermionic gases. It firstly studies the BCS-BEC crossover for the system of the two-component fermionic gas in optical lattices. If the system were loaded into deep three-dimensional optical lattices, a tight-binding model with the lowest band is applicable. If the band is more than half-filled and by increasing the attractive interactions, then there exists a novel crossover, from a paired BCS superfluid to a BEC of holes, back to the BCS superfluid, and finally to a conventional BEC regime of diatomic molecules. If the band is less than half-filled, the crossover is similar to that without optical lattices. If the band is fully filled, a quantum phase transition from band insulator to BCS-BEC superfluid occurs. Then, this dissertation studies a model describing the one-dimensional Feshbach resonance. Because this model satisfies the Yang-Baxter equations, it was assumed that the Bethe Ansatz could solve this model. However, this dissertation demonstrates that it is not integrable by calculating the chemical potential from the Bethe Ansatz, and by studying the scattering between the bosons. To the researcher's knowledge, this model is the first continuum model that satisfies the Yang-Baxter equations, but is not integrable. After that, this dissertation studies the quenches in the system of paired fermionic superfluids. If the system is slightly driven from its equilibrium state, the asymptotic behaviors of this small oscillation are calculated with both s- and p-wave interactions, and in both the BCS and the BEC regimes, under the mean field collisionless approximation.
Advisors/Committee Members: Victor Gurarie, Leo Radzihovsky, Ana Maria Rey, Deborah S. Jin, Andrew J.S. Hamilton.
Subjects/Keywords: BCS-BEC Crossover; Bethe Ansatz; Feshbach Resonance; Optical Lattices; Quantum Quench; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics; Physics
Record Details
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Record Details
Similar Records
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Shen, Z. (2014). The Study of the BCS-BEC Crossover in Optical Lattices and of Quenches in Paired Superfluids. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/123
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Shen, Zhaochuan. “The Study of the BCS-BEC Crossover in Optical Lattices and of Quenches in Paired Superfluids.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 21, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/123.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Shen, Zhaochuan. “The Study of the BCS-BEC Crossover in Optical Lattices and of Quenches in Paired Superfluids.” 2014. Web. 21 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Shen Z. The Study of the BCS-BEC Crossover in Optical Lattices and of Quenches in Paired Superfluids. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 21].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/123.
Council of Science Editors:
Shen Z. The Study of the BCS-BEC Crossover in Optical Lattices and of Quenches in Paired Superfluids. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2014. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/123
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