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University of Arkansas
1.
Acharya, Mohan.
Improving Lamb Performance with Sericea Lespedeza and Molybdenum.
Degree: MS, 2014, University of Arkansas
URL: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2298 
► The objective of this research was to find the effect of prolonged feeding of sericea lespedeza (SL) supplemented with sodium molybdate on changes in…
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▼ The objective of this research was to find the effect of prolonged feeding of sericea lespedeza (SL) supplemented with sodium molybdate on changes in body weight, serum and liver concentration of trace minerals (TM), hematology, serum biochemistry, and gastrointestinal parasites. Thirty ram lambs (Katahdin and ¾ Katahdin × ¼ Romanov) were weaned; blood, liver, and fecal samples were collected and signs of internal parasitic infection on lambs were recorded. Lambs were supplemented with 900 g of alfalfa (n = 10; CON) or SL (n = 20) based supplement for 103 d. Within the SL group, half of the lambs were administered sodium molybdate (n = 10; SL+MO) to ameliorate a reduction of serum molybdenum concentrations observed previously. Body weight and body condition scores (BCS) were recorded every two wk. Supplementation of sodium molybdate (P < 0.001) increased serum and liver concentrations of molybdenum in SL+MO lambs similar to that of CON diet fed lambs; however body weight was similar (P = 0.74) between molybdenum supplemented and non-supplemented lambs. Serum and liver concentrations of TM, mainly molybdenum, zinc, copper, selenium, and cobalt were reduced in SL compared with CON fed lambs. Supplementation with SL reduced most of the hematological and serum biochemical values in SL lambs compared with CON fed lambs. Body weight, BCS, fecal egg counts and fecal oocyst counts were similar between the dietary treatments; however clinical signs associated with parasitic infection were reduced in SL compared to CON diet fed lambs.
Advisors/Committee Members: Joan M. Burke, Charles Rosenkrans, Jr, Kenneth Coffey.
Subjects/Keywords: Lamb; Molybdenum; Sericea Lespedeza; Trace Mineral; Sheep and Goat Science
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APA (6th Edition):
Acharya, M. (2014). Improving Lamb Performance with Sericea Lespedeza and Molybdenum. (Masters Thesis). University of Arkansas. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2298
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Acharya, Mohan. “Improving Lamb Performance with Sericea Lespedeza and Molybdenum.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Arkansas. Accessed March 08, 2021.
https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2298.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Acharya, Mohan. “Improving Lamb Performance with Sericea Lespedeza and Molybdenum.” 2014. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Acharya M. Improving Lamb Performance with Sericea Lespedeza and Molybdenum. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Arkansas; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2298.
Council of Science Editors:
Acharya M. Improving Lamb Performance with Sericea Lespedeza and Molybdenum. [Masters Thesis]. University of Arkansas; 2014. Available from: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2298
University of Arkansas
2.
Smith, William Brandon.
Effect of Limit-Fed Co-Product Feedstuffs on Production, Digestion, Fermentation and Rumen Function in Beef Cattle.
Degree: MS, 2014, University of Arkansas
URL: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2358
► In terms of energy density, the cost of shipping hay is often not justified in yr where adverse conditions limit available forage. Our objective…
(more)
▼ In terms of energy density, the cost of shipping hay is often not justified in yr where adverse conditions limit available forage. Our objective was to determine if co-product feedstuffs could be used to meet the energy demands for cows in late pregnancy. Eighty-six crossbred cows (527 ± 0.8 kg BW) in late gestation were stratified by BW, BCS and age and allocated randomly to 1 of 6 groups held on 2-ha dormant bermudagrass pastures for 68 d. Three groups were offered bermudagrass hay ad libitum (HAY) and three groups were offered 6.4 kg of soybean hulls (LSH) daily and allowed access to mixed-grass hay for 1 h daily. Changes in BW, BCS, serum non-esterified fatty acids, and birth weights were minimal between treatments (P ≥ 0.12). In a companion study, 8 ruminally-fistulated cows (671 ± 32.0 kg BW) were stratified by BW and allocated randomly to1 of 4 treatments in a 2-period study: LSH, limit-fed distillers dried grains with solubles (LDG), a limit-fed mixture of SH and DDGS (MIX), or ad libitum mixed-grass hay (HAY). Total feces were collected for 5 d following a 28-d adaptation to diet and facilities in each period. Rumen fluid was sampled immediately prior to feeding and 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 hr post-feeding for ruminal fermentation assessment. Digestibility of DM, OM, aNDF and ADF was greater (
P < 0.05) from limit-feeding than from those consuming hay. Individual VFA concentrations differed (
P < 0.05) early in the day, but no difference existed beyond 8 h. In situ forage DM disappearance was reduced (
P < 0.05) from LSH and LDG in comparison to HAY while diets were being fed. However, cows achieved steady-state forage disappearance within one week following removal from the diets. Based on this information, co-product feedstuffs may be used in lieu of hay to meet the energy requirements of cows during late pregnancy without adverse effects.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kenneth Coffey, Elizabeth Kegley, Dirk Philipp.
Subjects/Keywords: Co-product Feedstuffs; Distiller's Grains; Limit-feeding; Rumen Function; Rumen Recovery; Soybean Hulls; Food Processing; Meat Science; Nutrition
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APA (6th Edition):
Smith, W. B. (2014). Effect of Limit-Fed Co-Product Feedstuffs on Production, Digestion, Fermentation and Rumen Function in Beef Cattle. (Masters Thesis). University of Arkansas. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2358
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Smith, William Brandon. “Effect of Limit-Fed Co-Product Feedstuffs on Production, Digestion, Fermentation and Rumen Function in Beef Cattle.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Arkansas. Accessed March 08, 2021.
https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2358.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Smith, William Brandon. “Effect of Limit-Fed Co-Product Feedstuffs on Production, Digestion, Fermentation and Rumen Function in Beef Cattle.” 2014. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Smith WB. Effect of Limit-Fed Co-Product Feedstuffs on Production, Digestion, Fermentation and Rumen Function in Beef Cattle. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Arkansas; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2358.
Council of Science Editors:
Smith WB. Effect of Limit-Fed Co-Product Feedstuffs on Production, Digestion, Fermentation and Rumen Function in Beef Cattle. [Masters Thesis]. University of Arkansas; 2014. Available from: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2358
University of Arkansas
3.
Briggs, Bradley Edward.
The Impact of Selected Forage Legumes on Cattle Performance, Forage Production, and Soil Quality, and Evaluation of Legume Persistence under Grazing.
Degree: MS, 2012, University of Arkansas
URL: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/529
► Interest in substituting legumes for N fertilizer in beef cattle grazing systems has recently increased with rising fertilizer prices. Legumes are well known for…
(more)
▼ Interest in substituting legumes for N fertilizer in beef cattle grazing systems has recently increased with rising fertilizer prices. Legumes are well known for their ability to fix atmospheric N and decrease dependence on input of N fertilizer. However, there are still difficulties associated with legume utilization including establishment and persistence. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate legume performance under herbivory. The objective of Experiment 1 was to compare forage production and beef cattle gains from annual ryegrass [
Lolium multiflorum (L.)] and bermudagrass [
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] pastures fertilized with N or overseeded with legumes. Gelbvieh × Angus crossbred heifers (n = 40; average of 264 ± 45.62 kg initial BW) were assigned to one of eight, 2-ha pastures in the spring of each of the three years of the study. All pastures were overseeded with `Marshall' annual ryegrass, and were not seeded with any clover (Con) or overseeded with `Dixie' crimson clover [(C;
Trifolium incarnatum (L.)], `Osceola' white clover [L;
Trifolium repens (L.)], or a combination of crimson clover and white clover (CL). Grazing initiated early- to mid-spring and continued until early- to mid-May. Total body weight (BW) gain was greater (P < 0.05) in the spring season for Con compared to the legume treatments. However, average daily gain (ADG) was not different (P > 0.05) in spring, and there were no differences (P > 0.05) in total BW gain or ADG in summer. Although clovers may not be able to entirely eliminate the need for N fertilizer, they may help reduce dependency on it by aiding in the production of cattle having similar BW gains to cattle grazing traditionally fertilized pastures. The objective of Experiment 2 was to monitor the persistence of three annual and three perennial legume species overseeded into common bermudagrass pastures that were rotationally stocked. The three annual species were crimson clover (cv. Dixie), arrowleaf clover [
Trifolium vesiculosum (Savi), cv. Yucchi], and hairy vetch [
Vicia villosa (Roth), cv. VNS]. The three perennial species were white clover (cv. Durana), red clover [
Trifolium pretense (L.), cv. Cinnamon Plus], and alfalfa [
Medicago sativa (L.), cv. Ameristand 403T]. Annual clovers were managed to reseed themselves. Crimson clover persisted two years and all other annul species for three years. Among perennial legumes, only white and red clovers persisted for three years, while alfalfa stands disappeared after the second year of the study. The frequency of occurrence of weeds and other undesirable plants generally increased each year while legume populations declined in all six clover treatments. In order to maintain healthy and dense legume populations in grazing systems, it may be necessary to develop and adopt aggressive weed control strategies using chemical compounds including improved grazing management strategies.
Advisors/Committee Members: Dirk Philipp, Kenneth Coffey, Mary Savin.
Subjects/Keywords: Biological sciences; Cattle; Legumes; Nitrogen; Agricultural Education; Agronomy and Crop Sciences; Meat Science
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APA (6th Edition):
Briggs, B. E. (2012). The Impact of Selected Forage Legumes on Cattle Performance, Forage Production, and Soil Quality, and Evaluation of Legume Persistence under Grazing. (Masters Thesis). University of Arkansas. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/529
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Briggs, Bradley Edward. “The Impact of Selected Forage Legumes on Cattle Performance, Forage Production, and Soil Quality, and Evaluation of Legume Persistence under Grazing.” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of Arkansas. Accessed March 08, 2021.
https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/529.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Briggs, Bradley Edward. “The Impact of Selected Forage Legumes on Cattle Performance, Forage Production, and Soil Quality, and Evaluation of Legume Persistence under Grazing.” 2012. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Briggs BE. The Impact of Selected Forage Legumes on Cattle Performance, Forage Production, and Soil Quality, and Evaluation of Legume Persistence under Grazing. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Arkansas; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/529.
Council of Science Editors:
Briggs BE. The Impact of Selected Forage Legumes on Cattle Performance, Forage Production, and Soil Quality, and Evaluation of Legume Persistence under Grazing. [Masters Thesis]. University of Arkansas; 2012. Available from: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/529
University of Arkansas
4.
Alrashedi, Saleh.
Effect of Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue Toxins on Growth Performance and the Microbial Community in the Rumen and Feces in Pregnant Ewes.
Degree: PhD, 2017, University of Arkansas
URL: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2532
► Fifty pregnant Katahdin ewes grazed pastures with high (HE) and moderate (MI) levels of Neotyphodium coenophialum-infected tall fescue between February 1 and May 24…
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▼ Fifty pregnant Katahdin ewes grazed pastures with high (HE) and moderate (MI) levels of Neotyphodium coenophialum-infected tall fescue between February 1 and May 24 to determine the impacts of tall fescue toxins on body weight (BW), body condition scores, FAMACHA scores, fecal egg counts (FEC), and serum Cu, Zn, prolactin, and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Within those 50 ewes, 15 were selected randomly for fecal and rumen sampling to assess the impacts of HE and MI on the microbiome community. Total bacterial DNA was extracted from rumen and fecal samples, and alpha and beta diversities were used to relate microbiome data diversity with forage treatments and physical and physiological measurements.
Most of the ewe physical and physiological measurements were not affected by endophyte levels. However, body weight changes (d 51 to d 115) and NEFA changes (d 51 to d 115) were greater in MI than HE.
The HE group had greater observed ruminal OTUs, Shannon, Chao, and beta diversities at d 115 than MI. Members of Bacteroidetes_Prevotella ruminal bacteria OTUs were correlated with BW changes, prolactin concentrations, NEFA changes, and FEC. Also on d 115, there was an increased abundance from Firmicutes in HE vs. MI (60% vs. 53 %, respectively).
The HE group had greater observed fecal OTUs, Shannon, and Chao, on d 51 than MI, but beta diversities did not differ between HE and MI during the study. Members of Actinobacteria_Coriobacteriaceae_unclassified fecal OTUs were correlated with BW changes, prolactin concentrations, NEFA changes, and FEC. At the end of the study, there was decreased abundance from Bacteroidetes in MI and HE (52.9 % and 49.3 %, respectively).
Shifting of rumen or fecal bacteria populations that occurred could be a direct effect of the ergot alkaloids or indirect effects of toxins on intake or digestibility that subsequently
impacted the bacterial populations. It is also possible that the bacteria that detoxify ergot alkaloids are minor species that have yet to be classified. Further research in the rumen or fecal microbial and their changes in responses to grazing endophyte-infected fescue needs to be considered to identify bacteria responsible for the detoxification.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kenneth Coffey, Jiangchao Zhao, Joan Burke.
Subjects/Keywords: Ewes/sheep; Fecal; Microbiol Gut; Rumen; Tall Fescue; Toxins; Molecular, Genetic, and Biochemical Nutrition; Sheep and Goat Science; Veterinary Microbiology and Immunobiology
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Record Details
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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CSE |
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Alrashedi, S. (2017). Effect of Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue Toxins on Growth Performance and the Microbial Community in the Rumen and Feces in Pregnant Ewes. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arkansas. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2532
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Alrashedi, Saleh. “Effect of Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue Toxins on Growth Performance and the Microbial Community in the Rumen and Feces in Pregnant Ewes.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arkansas. Accessed March 08, 2021.
https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2532.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Alrashedi, Saleh. “Effect of Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue Toxins on Growth Performance and the Microbial Community in the Rumen and Feces in Pregnant Ewes.” 2017. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Alrashedi S. Effect of Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue Toxins on Growth Performance and the Microbial Community in the Rumen and Feces in Pregnant Ewes. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arkansas; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2532.
Council of Science Editors:
Alrashedi S. Effect of Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue Toxins on Growth Performance and the Microbial Community in the Rumen and Feces in Pregnant Ewes. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arkansas; 2017. Available from: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2532
. 
Open Access Theses and Dissertations