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University of Arizona
1.
Smith, Spencer Benjamin.
Assessing Human Medial Olivocochlear Reflex Function with Complementary Pre-Neural and Neural Assays
.
Degree: 2017, University of Arizona
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625574
► The auditory nervous system contains an extensive and distributed network of efferent pathways connecting auditory cortices to cochleae. At the most caudal level of the…
(more)
▼ The auditory nervous system contains an extensive and distributed network of efferent pathways connecting auditory cortices to cochleae. At the most caudal level of the efferent auditory system, cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs) receive direct innervation from the auditory brainstem via the medial olivocochlear (MOC) bundle. Through the MOC bundle, the brainstem modulates cochlear amplifier gain – an effect termed the MOC reflex. One putative role of the MOC reflex is improving the signal-to-noise ratio by reducing cochlear gain for noise (i.e., "unmasking"). The human MOC reflex has been studied using pre-neural assays of OHC function, such as otoacoustic emissions. A limitation of this approach is that it is insensitive to subsequent “downstream” MOC reflex effects on the neural ensembles that mediate hearing. To elucidate the functional role of the MOC reflex, it is imperative to understand relationships between the pre-neural OAE assays of MOC reflex function and their downstream neural complements: compound nerve action potentials and auditory brainstem responses. The specific aims of this dissertation were to 1) examine predictive relationships between complementary pre-neural and neural assays of MOC reflex function, and 2) test the hypothesis that the human MOC reflex is advantageous in speech-in-noise processing. Three experiments were undertaken to address these aims. In the first experiment, click-evoked otoacoustic emissions and click- and chirp- evoked auditory nerve compound action potentials were measured with and without activation of the MOC reflex using contralateral noise. We hypothesized that MOC reflex amplitude inhibition of compound action potentials would be larger than otoacoustic emission amplitude inhibition and that compound action potential inhibition would be predicted by otoacoustic emissions inhibition. In the second experiment, distortion product otoacoustic emissions and distortion product frequency following responses were measured with and without activation of the MOC reflex using contralateral noise. We hypothesized than MOC reflex inhibition of distortion product frequency following responses would be larger than distortion product otoacoustic emissions and that distortion product frequency following response inhibition would be predicted by distortion product otoacoustic emission inhibition. In the third experiment, we measured MOC reflex strength using otoacoustic emissions as well as brainstem speech-in-noise processing with and without activation of the MOC reflex. We hypothesized that otoacoustic emission inhibition would predict brainstem speech-in-noise unmasking. The results of Experiment 1 suggested that compound action potential amplitude inhibition was larger than otoacoustic emission amplitude inhibition when results were reported on the same scale. Further, chirp-evoked compound action potential inhibition was larger than click-evoked compound action potential inhibition, suggesting that chirps may be a better tool for measuring MOC reflex inhibition of auditory…
Advisors/Committee Members: Cone, Barbara K (advisor), Cone, Barbara K. (committeemember), Musiek, Frank E. (committeemember), Plante, Elena (committeemember), Velenovsky, David S. (committeemember).
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APA (6th Edition):
Smith, S. B. (2017). Assessing Human Medial Olivocochlear Reflex Function with Complementary Pre-Neural and Neural Assays
. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625574
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Smith, Spencer Benjamin. “Assessing Human Medial Olivocochlear Reflex Function with Complementary Pre-Neural and Neural Assays
.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed January 24, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625574.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Smith, Spencer Benjamin. “Assessing Human Medial Olivocochlear Reflex Function with Complementary Pre-Neural and Neural Assays
.” 2017. Web. 24 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Smith SB. Assessing Human Medial Olivocochlear Reflex Function with Complementary Pre-Neural and Neural Assays
. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 24].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625574.
Council of Science Editors:
Smith SB. Assessing Human Medial Olivocochlear Reflex Function with Complementary Pre-Neural and Neural Assays
. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625574

University of Arizona
2.
Ichiba, Kayla.
Electrophysiologic Measures For Binaural Masking Level Difference
.
Degree: 2020, University of Arizona
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/641407
► This study evaluates the effect of phase change on auditory steady-state (ASSR), onset CAEP and ACC responses. The aim was to determine how phase change…
(more)
▼ This study evaluates the effect of phase change on auditory steady-state (ASSR), onset CAEP and ACC responses. The aim was to determine how phase change is encoded at lower levels of the auditory system and then processed at the cortical level. The test subjects were 23 young adults with normal hearing. ASSRs and stimulus-onset CAEPs were first recorded in a control condition using a 800 ms duration 500 Hz tone, amplitude modulated at 80 Hz, presented binaurally at 1/s. In the test condition, the phase of the 500 Hz tone was inverted 180° in one ear at 400 ms to evoke the ACC. Broad-band noise was introduced at an -5 dB SNR and the test condition repeated. Stimulus levels were varied to find the threshold of the ACC. Perceptual binaural masking level differences (BMLD) for a 500 Hz tone were also determined. At the phase change, ASSR amplitudes showed no difference between the in-phase and on-phase condition, and the ACC was 1.5-2.0 times larger than the onset CAEP response. This indicates amplification of the phase-change information in the ascending auditory pathway. These findings contribute to the development of an electrophysiological index for BMLD.
Advisors/Committee Members: Cone, Barbara (advisor), Velenovsky, David (committeemember), Musiek, Frank (committeemember), Miller, Julie (committeemember).
Subjects/Keywords: acoustic change complex;
audiology;
auditory evoked potentials;
binaural masking level difference;
central auditory evoked potentials;
electrophysiology
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Ichiba, K. (2020). Electrophysiologic Measures For Binaural Masking Level Difference
. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/641407
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ichiba, Kayla. “Electrophysiologic Measures For Binaural Masking Level Difference
.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed January 24, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/641407.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ichiba, Kayla. “Electrophysiologic Measures For Binaural Masking Level Difference
.” 2020. Web. 24 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Ichiba K. Electrophysiologic Measures For Binaural Masking Level Difference
. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 24].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/641407.
Council of Science Editors:
Ichiba K. Electrophysiologic Measures For Binaural Masking Level Difference
. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/641407

University of Arizona
3.
Carter, Jared.
Informational and Energetic Masking Effects on Speech-Evoked Cortical Auditory Potentials
.
Degree: 2018, University of Arizona
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/631418
► Three experiments were undertaken to evaluate the effect of informational and energetic masking on obligatory and cognitive auditory evoked potentials, as well as perceptual responses,…
(more)
▼ Three experiments were undertaken to evaluate the effect of informational and energetic masking on obligatory and cognitive auditory evoked potentials, as well as perceptual responses, to speech and non-speech tokens. Perception of speech in noise is one of the more challenging tasks in which listeners engage. Understanding how the brain processes speech in noise helps clinicians develop therapies and outcome measures to assist individuals who struggle understanding speech in noise.
The experiments were carried out in 15 young adult listeners with normal hearing. In Experiment I, the CAEP onset and acoustic change complex responses were obtained in response to vowel-consonant-vowel and tone-change tokens in quiet, and in three masker conditions, speech-shaped noise, 8-talker babble and 2-talker babble. In Experiment II, the same participants completed a VCV identification task in quiet, and with the three maskers used in Experiment I. In Experiment III the P300 was obtained while listeners were asked to identify tokens when presented in quiet and in the three masking conditions used previously.
Experiment I results demonstrated that the introduction of maskers reduced the amplitude of the CAEP onset and ACC responses, for both VCV and tone-change tokens, and that the 2-talker babble masker had a greater effect on the responses to VCV tokens than to tone-change (non-speech) tokens. These effects were specific to the P2 component of the cortical onset response. The results of Experiment II revealed that the identification of only certain VCV-tokens were affected by the introduction of masking, and there was no differential effect of energetic vs. informational masking. In Experiment III, only the 2-talker babble reduced the P300 response amplitudes, indicating an effect of informational masking on the electrophysiologic response that was not seen in behavioral task of Experiment II.
The differential effects of informational masking on auditory evoked potentials may be related to its acoustic parameters. The informational masker used in this study (2-talker babble) had a 5 Hz amplitude modulation that may evoke a phase-locked response, diminishing the neural complement that would otherwise respond to the stimulus. Differences in calibration of modulated vs. unmodulated maskers may also contribute to the effects seen. In addition, the spectral-temporal characteristics of the masker relative to the stimulus (speech or non-speech) can play a role.
This study provides new knowledge about how the brain responds in a challenging listening situation when there is informational masking. The findings can contribute to developing clinical methods for diagnosis and/or prognosis of speech-in-noise problems that often drives people to seek hearing health care.
Advisors/Committee Members: Cone, Barbara K (advisor), Velenovsky, David S. (committeemember), Story, Brad H. (committeemember), Kielar, Aneta (committeemember).
Subjects/Keywords: Acoustic Change Complex;
Electrophysiology;
Energetic Masking;
Informational Masking;
P300;
Speech in Noise
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Carter, J. (2018). Informational and Energetic Masking Effects on Speech-Evoked Cortical Auditory Potentials
. (Masters Thesis). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/631418
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Carter, Jared. “Informational and Energetic Masking Effects on Speech-Evoked Cortical Auditory Potentials
.” 2018. Masters Thesis, University of Arizona. Accessed January 24, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/631418.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Carter, Jared. “Informational and Energetic Masking Effects on Speech-Evoked Cortical Auditory Potentials
.” 2018. Web. 24 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Carter J. Informational and Energetic Masking Effects on Speech-Evoked Cortical Auditory Potentials
. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Arizona; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 24].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/631418.
Council of Science Editors:
Carter J. Informational and Energetic Masking Effects on Speech-Evoked Cortical Auditory Potentials
. [Masters Thesis]. University of Arizona; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/631418

University of Arizona
4.
Shehorn, James.
Predicting Benefit from a Signal-to-Noise Ratio Hearing Aid Intervention Based on Individual Differences in Hearing and Cognition within an Older Adult Population
.
Degree: 2018, University of Arizona
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/627725
► Difficulty perceiving speech in noise is a common complaint for individuals with hearing loss, even while wearing hearing aids. Current clinical test measures are limited…
(more)
▼ Difficulty perceiving speech in noise is a common complaint for individuals with hearing loss, even while wearing hearing aids. Current clinical test measures are limited in their ability to predict potential benefit from hearing aid interventions such as directionality. If speech in noise interventions provide an SNR boost, then the slope of a speech in noise psychometric function or rate of improvement could help to predict the corresponding intelligibility benefit due to an improved SNR. Recent research highlights the association between cognition, hearing loss, and speech perception in noise. We hypothesized that the rate of improvement, which is likely associated with both auditory and cognitive factors, may be a source of the variable benefit observed from directionality.
Our study revealed that more intelligibility benefit due to hearing aid directionality was measured in a listening condition which resulted in steeper rate of improvement (babble background) than a listening condition which resulted in a shallower rate of improvement (competing speech). Additionally, the rates of improvement between our most relevant SNRs were significantly associated with directional benefit. These results confirm that the rate of improvement for a given range of SNRs could help in predicting potential benefit from an SNR intervention within a hearing loss population. Our results confirmed that hearing loss severity of negatively associated with rate of improvement and working memory capacity was positively associated with rate of improvement. Our findings support the involvement of cognition in addition to the auditory pathway for the perception of degraded speech signals within a population with hearing loss. Measuring cognitive factors such as working memory capacity could improve our understanding of patient variability for aided speech in noise outcomes and provide a patient-specific approach to hearing loss interventions.
Advisors/Committee Members: Marrone, Nicole (advisor), Alt, Mary (committeemember), Cone, Barbara (committeemember), Glisky, Elizabeth (committeemember).
Subjects/Keywords: Adults;
Cognition;
Directionality;
Hearing Loss;
Slope of Psychometric Function;
Speech Perception in Noise
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Shehorn, J. (2018). Predicting Benefit from a Signal-to-Noise Ratio Hearing Aid Intervention Based on Individual Differences in Hearing and Cognition within an Older Adult Population
. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/627725
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Shehorn, James. “Predicting Benefit from a Signal-to-Noise Ratio Hearing Aid Intervention Based on Individual Differences in Hearing and Cognition within an Older Adult Population
.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed January 24, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/627725.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Shehorn, James. “Predicting Benefit from a Signal-to-Noise Ratio Hearing Aid Intervention Based on Individual Differences in Hearing and Cognition within an Older Adult Population
.” 2018. Web. 24 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Shehorn J. Predicting Benefit from a Signal-to-Noise Ratio Hearing Aid Intervention Based on Individual Differences in Hearing and Cognition within an Older Adult Population
. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 24].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/627725.
Council of Science Editors:
Shehorn J. Predicting Benefit from a Signal-to-Noise Ratio Hearing Aid Intervention Based on Individual Differences in Hearing and Cognition within an Older Adult Population
. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/627725

University of Arizona
5.
Everett, Alyssa J.
Cognitive and Electrophysiologic Correlates of Listening in Noise
.
Degree: 2018, University of Arizona
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/631293
► People with hearing loss experience many challenges when adjusting to using amplification (hearing aids). An almost universal complaint is difficulty hearing in the presence of…
(more)
▼ People with hearing loss experience many challenges when adjusting to using
amplification (hearing aids). An almost universal complaint is difficulty hearing in the presence
of noise. The Acceptable Noise Level (ANL) test is used to estimate a person’s tolerance for
listening with noise present. Better tolerance is associated with greater success with
amplification, as measured by duration and consistency of use. Yet, there are unknowns about
why this should be so. One question is whether the ANL is related to the brain’s ability to inhibit
or suppress noise. Another is whether ANL is a stable value or if it changes when challenging
cognitive tasks are performed. Two experiments in this study analyze the effects of a cognitive
load on unilaterally and bilaterally presented ANL scores and their relationship to the sensory
gating mechanism measured through cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEP). Results
indicated a significant increase in the ANL score measured with the addition of a cognitive load
in the unilateral and bilateral condition. A number of statistical analyses were performed to
assess differences between measurements of CAEPs and behavioral results and none were
statistically significant.
Advisors/Committee Members: Cone, Barbara (advisor), Marrone, Nicole (committeemember), Musiek, Frank (committeemember), Velenovsky, David (committeemember), Griffin, Stephanie (committeemember).
Subjects/Keywords: Acceptable Noise Level;
Cognitive Load;
Cortical Auditory Evoked Potential;
Electrophysiology;
Hearing in Noise
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Everett, A. J. (2018). Cognitive and Electrophysiologic Correlates of Listening in Noise
. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/631293
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Everett, Alyssa J. “Cognitive and Electrophysiologic Correlates of Listening in Noise
.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed January 24, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/631293.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Everett, Alyssa J. “Cognitive and Electrophysiologic Correlates of Listening in Noise
.” 2018. Web. 24 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Everett AJ. Cognitive and Electrophysiologic Correlates of Listening in Noise
. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 24].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/631293.
Council of Science Editors:
Everett AJ. Cognitive and Electrophysiologic Correlates of Listening in Noise
. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/631293

University of Arizona
6.
Sanders, Holden Daniel-Vernon.
Gender and Ear Influences on the Speech-Evoked Middle Latency Response (MLR)
.
Degree: 2019, University of Arizona
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/633081
► Auditory evoked potentials (AEP) are used to evaluate auditory system function from the level of the auditory nerve to the auditory cortex and association areas.…
(more)
▼ Auditory evoked potentials (AEP) are used to evaluate auditory system function from the level of the auditory nerve to the auditory cortex and association areas. For auditory evoked potentials to reach their full power as an assay of hearing and brain function, it is important to understand stimulus- and subject-related variables. The middle latency response (MLR) is one type of auditory evoked potential that reflects the activity of the auditory nervous system at levels including the auditory thalamus and primary auditory cortex. Whereas gender and laterality-related differences have been found at the level of the inner ear and brainstem, limited studies have investigated gender differences at the level of the auditory thalamus and primary auditory cortex. Additionally, the use of complex stimuli, such as a consonant-vowel token, and presentation of stimuli in noise has been investigated for other evoked potentials, but few studies have used this type of stimulus to elicit the MLR. Therefore, the current study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of gender and laterality (ear) differences (subject-related parameters), and stimulus complexity and masking (stimulus-related parameters), on the MLR. Gender differences were found in the current study, revealing shorter MLR component latencies and larger amplitudes in females compared to males. No ear-related differences were evident, however. The speech token /da/ was effective in evoking an MLR that displayed latency and amplitude characteristics like those found in studies that used click or tone-burst stimuli. Contralateral masking noise resulted in reduction of the MLR amplitude, which is the classical definition of suppression with respect to this specific AEP. This study clearly establishes gender as a significant subject-related parameter, and the use of complex stimulus paradigms that can be applied to clinical applications of MLR.
Advisors/Committee Members: Cone, Barbara (advisor), Marrone, Nicole (committeemember), Velenovsky, David (committeemember), Johnson, Christopher (committeemember).
Subjects/Keywords: auditory;
development;
electrophysiology;
gender;
speech;
thalamus
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Sanders, H. D. (2019). Gender and Ear Influences on the Speech-Evoked Middle Latency Response (MLR)
. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/633081
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Sanders, Holden Daniel-Vernon. “Gender and Ear Influences on the Speech-Evoked Middle Latency Response (MLR)
.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed January 24, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/633081.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Sanders, Holden Daniel-Vernon. “Gender and Ear Influences on the Speech-Evoked Middle Latency Response (MLR)
.” 2019. Web. 24 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Sanders HD. Gender and Ear Influences on the Speech-Evoked Middle Latency Response (MLR)
. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 24].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/633081.
Council of Science Editors:
Sanders HD. Gender and Ear Influences on the Speech-Evoked Middle Latency Response (MLR)
. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/633081

University of Arizona
7.
Mongelli, Janette Marie.
A Parametric Exploration of the Paired-Stimulus Suppression Paradigm
.
Degree: 2019, University of Arizona
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/633163
► The paired-stimulus suppression paradigm has been used to evaluate sensory gating in the auditory nervous system. Previous work in the AHEAD Lab has employed the…
(more)
▼ The paired-stimulus suppression paradigm has been used to evaluate sensory gating in the auditory nervous system. Previous work in the AHEAD Lab has employed the paired-stimulus paradigm to investigate the perception of noise level or interference during speech perception tasks. In the present study, the effects of stimulus frequency and inter-stimulus interval were investigated as two previous experiments suggested that these could influence the amount of suppression observed. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of stimulus frequency and inter-stimulus interval on the latencies and amplitudes of the CAEP components evoked by each stimulus. Eleven normal hearing adults were tested using paired-stimulus paradigms in which both stimuli were 500 Hz or 4000 Hz tone bursts, and the interstimulus intervals were varied in 100 ms steps between 100 and 500 ms. The results indicated that stimulus frequency had an effect on the CAEP onset response latencies and amplitudes, whereas interstimulus interval did not. Conversely, interstimulus interval had an effect on the CAEP response amplitude to the second stimulus (the suppressed response) whereas the effect of stimulus frequency was not significant. The results of these findings will be discussed with respect to the physiological mechanisms proposed to explain these differences and the possible translation of a two-stimulus suppression paradigm into a clinical test of acceptable noise level for those who use hearing aids.
Advisors/Committee Members: Cone, Barbara K (advisor), Fabiano-Smith, Leah (committeemember), Velenovsky, David S. (committeemember), Musiek, Frank E. (committeemember).
Subjects/Keywords: cortical auditory evoked potentials;
P50;
sensory gating;
suppression;
two-click paradigm
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Mongelli, J. M. (2019). A Parametric Exploration of the Paired-Stimulus Suppression Paradigm
. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/633163
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Mongelli, Janette Marie. “A Parametric Exploration of the Paired-Stimulus Suppression Paradigm
.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed January 24, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/633163.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Mongelli, Janette Marie. “A Parametric Exploration of the Paired-Stimulus Suppression Paradigm
.” 2019. Web. 24 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Mongelli JM. A Parametric Exploration of the Paired-Stimulus Suppression Paradigm
. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 24].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/633163.
Council of Science Editors:
Mongelli JM. A Parametric Exploration of the Paired-Stimulus Suppression Paradigm
. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/633163

University of Arizona
8.
Wong, Bryan M.
Planum Temporale: Morphologic Taxonomy of the Superior Temporal Plane
.
Degree: 2019, University of Arizona
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/636683
► Background: Planum Temporale (PT) is a crucial neuroauditory structure located in the dorsal superior temporal plane (STP) posterior to Heschl’s gyrus (HG). The PT has…
(more)
▼ Background: Planum Temporale (PT) is a crucial neuroauditory structure located in the dorsal superior temporal plane (STP) posterior to Heschl’s gyrus (HG). The PT has been implicated in complex auditory function and is well known for its preponderance of leftward asymmetry in normal brains and classic “pie- shaped” morphology. While a majority of cases have easily identifiable PT and HG, there exist some cases in which distinguishability of these two structures is difficult due to morphological variation. The goal of this study is to create a taxonomy of PT morphological features in order to improve the sometimes difficult identification and differentiation of PT from surrounding structures. Methods: A total of 50 (100 hemispheres) healthy intact, high-resolution T1- weighted brain MRIs were obtained from Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS) and included in this retrospective study. There were 28 women and 22 men, all right-handed. Ages ranged from 18-57 (mean=26.44) years. A 3D cortical surface mesh (grey matter) for each brain was generated using FreeSurfer and manipulated to view the STP using BrainVISA Anatomist neuroimaging software. The PT was isolated from surrounding structures based on pre-defined anatomical criteria and subsequent surface area measurements, linear measurements and qualitative measures were made. Results: A total of four PT configurations were identified: (1) Pie-shaped [45%], (2) Trapezoid-shaped [27%], (3) Rectangular-shaped [19%], and (4) None [9%]. Mean surface areas of measurable PT configurations were: 511.96 mm2 for “Pie-shaped” (n=45), 517.36 mm2 for “Trapezoid-shaped” (n=27) and 472.12mm2 for “Rectangular-shaped” (n=19). The fourth category, “None” (n=9), was not calculable. There were significantly more “Trapezoid-shaped” PTs in females (p<.05). The “None” category occurred significantly more in males (p<.05) and in the right hemisphere (p<.05). Furthermore, the left hemisphere demonstrated significantly greater surface area for “Pie-shaped” PTs (p<.05). Conclusion: We believe that the proposed classifications is the first step in creating a comprehensive taxonomy of the STP. This will aid neuroanatomists, clinicians and students in terms of differentiation of sometimes complex topography of the STP.
Advisors/Committee Members: Musiek, Frank (advisor), Fuglevand, Andrew (committeemember), Cone, Barbara (committeemember), Kielar, Aneta (committeemember).
Subjects/Keywords: auditory cortex;
heschls gyrus;
planum temporale;
superior temporal plane;
taxonomy
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Wong, B. M. (2019). Planum Temporale: Morphologic Taxonomy of the Superior Temporal Plane
. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/636683
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wong, Bryan M. “Planum Temporale: Morphologic Taxonomy of the Superior Temporal Plane
.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed January 24, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/636683.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wong, Bryan M. “Planum Temporale: Morphologic Taxonomy of the Superior Temporal Plane
.” 2019. Web. 24 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Wong BM. Planum Temporale: Morphologic Taxonomy of the Superior Temporal Plane
. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 24].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/636683.
Council of Science Editors:
Wong BM. Planum Temporale: Morphologic Taxonomy of the Superior Temporal Plane
. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/636683
9.
Tinnemore, Anna.
Improving Understanding of Emotional Speech Acoustic Content
.
Degree: 2017, University of Arizona
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625368
► Children with cochlear implants show deficits in identifying emotional intent of utterances without facial or body language cues. A known limitation to cochlear implants is…
(more)
▼ Children with cochlear implants show deficits in identifying emotional intent of utterances without facial or body language cues. A known limitation to cochlear implants is the inability to accurately portray the fundamental frequency contour of speech which carries the majority of information needed to identify emotional intent. Without reliable access to the fundamental frequency, other methods of identifying vocal emotion, if identifiable, could be used to guide therapies for training children with cochlear implants to better identify vocal emotion. The current study analyzed recordings of adults speaking neutral sentences with a set array of emotions in a child-directed and adult-directed manner. The goal was to identify acoustic cues that contribute to emotion identification that may be enhanced in child-directed speech, but are also present in adult-directed speech. Results of this study showed that there were significant differences in the variation of the fundamental frequency, the variation of intensity, and the rate of speech among emotions and between intended audiences.
Advisors/Committee Members: Cone, Barbara (advisor), Cone, Barbara (committeemember), Marrone, Nicole (committeemember), Story, Brad (committeemember), Peterson, Mary (committeemember).
Subjects/Keywords: acoustics;
child-directed speech;
cochlear implant;
emotion recognition
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Tinnemore, A. (2017). Improving Understanding of Emotional Speech Acoustic Content
. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625368
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Tinnemore, Anna. “Improving Understanding of Emotional Speech Acoustic Content
.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed January 24, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625368.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Tinnemore, Anna. “Improving Understanding of Emotional Speech Acoustic Content
.” 2017. Web. 24 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Tinnemore A. Improving Understanding of Emotional Speech Acoustic Content
. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 24].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625368.
Council of Science Editors:
Tinnemore A. Improving Understanding of Emotional Speech Acoustic Content
. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625368
10.
Smith, Spencer.
The Medial Olivocochlear Reflex in Children During Active Listening
.
Degree: 2017, University of Arizona
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625575
► Objective: To determine if active listening modulates the strength of the medial olivocochlear (MOC) reflex in children. Design: Click-evoked otoacoustic emissions (CEOAEs) were recorded from…
(more)
▼ Objective: To determine if active listening modulates the strength of the medial olivocochlear (MOC) reflex in children. Design: Click-evoked otoacoustic emissions (CEOAEs) were recorded from the right ear in quiet and in four test conditions: one with contralateral broadband noise (BBN) only, and three with active listening tasks wherein attention was directed to speech embedded in contralateral BBN. Study sample: Fifteen typically-developing children (ranging in age from 8 to 14 years) with normal hearing. Results: CEOAE levels were reduced in every condition with contralateral acoustic stimulus (CAS) when compared to preceding quiet conditions. There was an additional systematic decrease in CEOAE level with increased listening task difficulty, although this effect was very small. These CEOAE level differences were most apparent in the 8–18 ms region after click onset. Conclusions: Active listening may change the strength of the MOC reflex in children, although the effects reported here are very subtle. Further studies are needed to verify that task difficulty modulates the activity of the MOC reflex in children.
Advisors/Committee Members: Cone, Barbara (advisor), Cone, Barbara (committeemember), Dai, Huanping (committeemember), Marrone, Nicole (committeemember).
…the Human Subjects Protection Program at the University of
Arizona. Fifteen typically…
Record Details
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Smith, S. (2017). The Medial Olivocochlear Reflex in Children During Active Listening
. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625575
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Smith, Spencer. “The Medial Olivocochlear Reflex in Children During Active Listening
.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed January 24, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625575.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Smith, Spencer. “The Medial Olivocochlear Reflex in Children During Active Listening
.” 2017. Web. 24 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Smith S. The Medial Olivocochlear Reflex in Children During Active Listening
. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 24].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625575.
Council of Science Editors:
Smith S. The Medial Olivocochlear Reflex in Children During Active Listening
. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625575
11.
Shehorn, James Russell.
Speech Perception in Noise and Listening Effort of Older Adults with Non-Linear Frequency Compression Hearing Aids
.
Degree: 2017, University of Arizona
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625386
► Previous research regarding the utility of non-linear frequency compression in hearing aids has revealed conflicting results for speech recognition, marked by high individual variability. The…
(more)
▼ Previous research regarding the utility of non-linear frequency compression in hearing aids has revealed conflicting results for speech recognition, marked by high individual variability. The aims of the study were to determine the effect of non-linear frequency compression on aided speech recognition in noise and listening effort using a dual-task test paradigm and to determine if listener variables of hearing loss slope, working memory capacity, and age predicted performance with non-linear frequency compression. 17 older adults with symmetrical sensorineural hearing loss were tested in the sound field using hearing aids. Speech recognition in noise and listening effort were measured by adapting the Revised Speech in Noise Test into recognition/recall dual-task paradigm. On average, speech recognition in noise performance significantly improved with the use of non-linear frequency compression. Individuals with steeply sloping hearing loss received more recognition benefit. Recall performance also significantly improved at the group level with non-linear frequency compression revealing reduced listening effort. Older participants within the study cohort received less recall benefit than the younger participants. Evidence supports individualized selection of non-linear frequency compression, with results suggesting benefits in speech recognition for individuals with steeply sloping hearing losses and in listening effort for younger individuals.
Advisors/Committee Members: Marrone, Nicole (advisor), Marrone, Nicole (committeemember), Cone, Barbara (committeemember), Muller, Thomas (committeemember).
Subjects/Keywords: Amplification;
Frequency Compression;
Hearing Loss;
Listening Effort;
Speech Recognition
…recruited from the
University of Arizona Hearing Clinic via flyers, letters, and word-of-mouth… …participation. The
Institutional Review Board at the University of Arizona approved the research…
Record Details
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Shehorn, J. R. (2017). Speech Perception in Noise and Listening Effort of Older Adults with Non-Linear Frequency Compression Hearing Aids
. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625386
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Shehorn, James Russell. “Speech Perception in Noise and Listening Effort of Older Adults with Non-Linear Frequency Compression Hearing Aids
.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed January 24, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625386.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Shehorn, James Russell. “Speech Perception in Noise and Listening Effort of Older Adults with Non-Linear Frequency Compression Hearing Aids
.” 2017. Web. 24 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Shehorn JR. Speech Perception in Noise and Listening Effort of Older Adults with Non-Linear Frequency Compression Hearing Aids
. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 24].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625386.
Council of Science Editors:
Shehorn JR. Speech Perception in Noise and Listening Effort of Older Adults with Non-Linear Frequency Compression Hearing Aids
. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625386
12.
Cheek, Diane Elizabeth.
Employing the Acoustic Change Complex for Vowel Discrimination
.
Degree: 2018, University of Arizona
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/628022
► A change occurring within an acoustic stream evokes the cortical potential known as the acoustic change complex (ACC). The present study addressed the effects of…
(more)
▼ A change occurring within an acoustic stream evokes the cortical potential known as the acoustic change complex (ACC). The present study addressed the effects of level and vowel contrast type on ACC amplitudes and latencies. Nineteen normally hearing adults were tested with vowel tokens, /a/, /i/, /o/, and /u/, of 500 ms duration presented at 2/s, in an oddball paradigm at 40 and 70 dBA in the sound field. The ACC was present for all vowel contrasts. The ACC for vowel contrasts are robust even at low levels (40 dBA), i.e., 25-30 dB HL, as evidenced by the high prevalence of responses in the contrast (vowel change) conditions that were significantly greater in amplitude than in the control (no vowel change) conditions. ACC absolute amplitudes were significantly larger at 70 dBA and amplitudes for control conditions were 4-6 times smaller than contrast conditions, but latencies were not sensitive to level or vowel type. ACC amplitude ratios were then calculated as: amplitude of contrast responses ÷ amplitude of control responses. The ACC amplitude ratios varied with vowel pair and by level. The distribution of amplitude ratios obtained indicated that over 90% of ratios are greater than 1.0, and over 84% are greater than 2.0, suggesting that this metric is a sensitive measure of cortical speech feature discrimination. These data set a baseline for a larger study of the ACC in infants, children, and adults with hearing loss.
Advisors/Committee Members: Cone, Barbara (advisor), Velenovsky, David (committeemember), Musiek, Frank (committeemember), Dean, James (committeemember), Alt, Mary (committeemember).
Subjects/Keywords: Acoustic change complex;
Auditory evoked potential;
Cortical auditory evoked potential;
Speech perception;
Vowel discrimination
…the University of Arizona Human Subjects
Protection Program (Institutional Review Board…
Record Details
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Share »
Record Details
Similar Records
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Cheek, D. E. (2018). Employing the Acoustic Change Complex for Vowel Discrimination
. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/628022
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Cheek, Diane Elizabeth. “Employing the Acoustic Change Complex for Vowel Discrimination
.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed January 24, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/628022.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Cheek, Diane Elizabeth. “Employing the Acoustic Change Complex for Vowel Discrimination
.” 2018. Web. 24 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Cheek DE. Employing the Acoustic Change Complex for Vowel Discrimination
. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 24].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/628022.
Council of Science Editors:
Cheek DE. Employing the Acoustic Change Complex for Vowel Discrimination
. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/628022
.