+publisher:"University of Arizona" +contributor:("Bootzin, Richard")

University of Arizona

1. Peck, Tucker. Factor Structure among Possible Correlates of Skill at Mindfulness Meditation .

Degree: 2015, University of Arizona

► Despite the growing interest in the general public and popular press about the scientific research into mindfulness meditation (e.g. Pickert, 2014), several critiques of this… (more)

▼ Despite the growing interest in the general public and popular press about the scientific research into mindfulness meditation (e.g. Pickert, 2014), several critiques of this research have been published in the past few years outlining methodological flaws in many published studies on the topic (Goyal et al., 2014; Ospina et al., 2007). One potential way to improve methodology in this field would be to find better ways of measuring skill at meditation, giving researchers an ability to compare more advanced practitioners to those who are more novice. A total of 69 participants were recruited. Pilot data were collected from 33 participants and analyzed using exploratory methods to assess whether any self-report measures of mindfulness practice might correlate with any physiological variables thought to possibly reflect a dimension of skill at meditation. Participants spent a night in the sleep lab, and prior to their sleep study spent six minutes in a baseline condition followed by six minutes in a meditation condition, and differences were recorded on a number of physiological measures. Correlational analyses revealed that, of the physiological and self-report measures, six were correlated with other measures, and principal component analysis found 2 factors, each with three components. 36 additional participants were then recruited in an attempt to determine whether these two factors would replicate, and this latter group participated only in the meditation protocol. Both factors were largely replicated independently in the second sample and remained stable collapsing the two groups together. Factor 1 combined an increase in both alpha and theta power centrally and occipitally between baseline and meditation with self-reported mindfulness practice, and Factor 2 combined the inverse of the Brief Symptom Inventory, the Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale, and the change in respiration between baseline and meditation. Advisors/Committee Members: Bootzin, Richard (advisor), Bootzin, Richard (committeemember), Arkowitz, Harold (committeemember), Kaszniak, Alfred (committeemember), Mehl, Matthias (committeemember).

Subjects/Keywords: EEG; meditation; mindfulness; skill; Psychology; barin waves

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APA (6^th Edition):

Peck, T. (2015). Factor Structure among Possible Correlates of Skill at Mindfulness Meditation . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/577185

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Peck, Tucker. “Factor Structure among Possible Correlates of Skill at Mindfulness Meditation .” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/577185.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Peck, Tucker. “Factor Structure among Possible Correlates of Skill at Mindfulness Meditation .” 2015. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Peck T. Factor Structure among Possible Correlates of Skill at Mindfulness Meditation . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/577185.

Council of Science Editors:

Peck T. Factor Structure among Possible Correlates of Skill at Mindfulness Meditation . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/577185

University of Arizona

2. Blank, Yelena. The Effects of Changes in Sleep Schedule Variability on First-Year College Students .

Degree: 2015, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/565892

► College students are known for having poor sleep and irregular sleep schedules, especially during the first year of college. These sleep habits may contribute to… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Emotion Regulation; Schedule regularity; Sleep; Psychology; College students

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APA (6^th Edition):

Blank, Y. (2015). The Effects of Changes in Sleep Schedule Variability on First-Year College Students . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/565892

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Blank, Yelena. “The Effects of Changes in Sleep Schedule Variability on First-Year College Students .” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/565892.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Blank, Yelena. “The Effects of Changes in Sleep Schedule Variability on First-Year College Students .” 2015. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Blank Y. The Effects of Changes in Sleep Schedule Variability on First-Year College Students . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/565892.

Council of Science Editors:

Blank Y. The Effects of Changes in Sleep Schedule Variability on First-Year College Students . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/565892

University of Arizona

3. Putnam, Karen Haas. SELF CONTROL AND MOTIVATION IN YOUNG ADULTS WITH VARYING LEVELS OF IMPULSIVITY: A DIMENSIONAL APPROACH .

Degree: 2011, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204302

► The purpose of this research project is to better understand how self-control and motivation play a role in impulsive behavior as observed in AD/HD. Symptoms… (more)

▼ The purpose of this research project is to better understand how self-control and motivation play a role in impulsive behavior as observed in AD/HD. Symptoms of impulsivity in AD/HD have been associated with poor self-control (e.g., Barkley, 1997, Willcutt, Pennington &Ozonoff, 2005), and also with an unusual sensitivity to rewards such as money (e.g., Douglas, 1999; Solanto et al., 2001, Sonuga-Barke et al., 2003). We know that self-control and motivation develop with age and play a key role in several clinical conditions involving poor impulse control, yet little is known about the interaction between these two fundamental processes. We are interested in studying these processes in interaction with one another and in relation to AD/HD symptoms. Neuropsychological studies reveal that executive function (EF) deficits do not fully explain AD/HD and its symptoms, as EF deficits have only accounted for less than 50% of the variance of AD/HD symptoms (Castellanos et al, 2006). While the impairment of response inhibition is the most reliable EF impairment in studies to date (Willcutt et al, 2005), motivation and reward processing deficits seem to coexist independent of these deficits (Luman, 2006, Sagvolden, 2006; Solanto et al., 2001). These findings have led researchers to develop the "dual pathway" hypothesis that incorporates both executive dysfunction of response inhibition as well as motivational deficits (Sonuga-Barke, 2002). The aim of this project is to further our understanding of how the interplay of these processes may be related to impulsivity and how they impact and result in certain "real world" behaviors. One interesting feature of this project is the development of new tasks that are capable of assessing both individual pathways ("topdown"/ executive function and "bottom-up"/motivation) and their interaction within the task itself. This lends not only to the strength of the design, but reflects the most current research trends in the field and makes a unique contribution as well. Advisors/Committee Members: Scheres, Anouk P. J (advisor), Allen, John J.B (advisor), Bootzin, Richard R. (committeemember), Nadel, Lynn (committeemember).

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APA (6^th Edition):

Putnam, K. H. (2011). SELF CONTROL AND MOTIVATION IN YOUNG ADULTS WITH VARYING LEVELS OF IMPULSIVITY: A DIMENSIONAL APPROACH . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204302

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Putnam, Karen Haas. “SELF CONTROL AND MOTIVATION IN YOUNG ADULTS WITH VARYING LEVELS OF IMPULSIVITY: A DIMENSIONAL APPROACH .” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204302.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Putnam, Karen Haas. “SELF CONTROL AND MOTIVATION IN YOUNG ADULTS WITH VARYING LEVELS OF IMPULSIVITY: A DIMENSIONAL APPROACH .” 2011. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Putnam KH. SELF CONTROL AND MOTIVATION IN YOUNG ADULTS WITH VARYING LEVELS OF IMPULSIVITY: A DIMENSIONAL APPROACH . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204302.

Council of Science Editors:

Putnam KH. SELF CONTROL AND MOTIVATION IN YOUNG ADULTS WITH VARYING LEVELS OF IMPULSIVITY: A DIMENSIONAL APPROACH . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204302

University of Arizona

4. Breslin, Jennifer H. Sleep Disturbance, Cognition, and Behavior in Down Syndrome .

Degree: 2011, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/201494

► Children and adolescents with Down Syndrome (DS) have a high incidence of sleep problems, including Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS). They are also likely to… (more)

▼ Children and adolescents with Down Syndrome (DS) have a high incidence of sleep problems, including Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS). They are also likely to have deficits in neuropsychological tasks tapping prefrontal function and hippocampal function. There has recent revival of literature suggesting an active role for sleep in memory consolidation and problem-solving in both children and adults. Furthermore, given the cognitive and behavioral sequellae of OSAS in typically developing children it is logical to test if the hypoxemia and increased sleep fragmentation, the two major pathophysiological mechanisms of OSAS, seen in children with DS and OSAS may exacerbate learning or behavior disorders.Forty children with DS aged 7-18 were administered the Arizona Cognitive Test Battery (ACTB) for DS (Edgin et al., 2010), and in-home ambulatory polysomnography. Their parents were asked to complete several questionnaires assessing their child's sleep and behavior. Seventy-seven percent (n = 40) of our sample met criteria for pediatric sleep apnea (AHI>1.5), and the mean apnea hypoppnea index (AHI) was 8.4 events per hour. Our sample had a mean arousal index of 10.3, a respiratory arousal index of 3.2, and a SaO2 nadir of 86.9%. Over 70% of our sample had a SaO2 nadir below 90%. We examined the relationship between OSAS severity and cognitive and behavioral outcomes. We found that children with DS with a lower apnea hypopnea index (AHI) attained a greater number of stages on the CANTAB PAL task compared to chronologically age-matched children with higher AHI, and the variance in performance was partially explained by sleep fragmentation (i.e., the arousal index) and experimenter-rated "attention" but not hypoxemia. In addition, we also found that the low apnea group showed a trend toward outperforming the high apnea group on the KBIT-II Verbal IQ scale and DAS-2 Pattern Construction subtest.These findings have important clinical implications. First, these results suggest that early screening for OSAS in DS is important, as OSAS severity seems to explain some of the variance in cognitive functioning. Second, these findings suggest that an early intervention for OSAS might be warranted. Advisors/Committee Members: Bootzin, Richard R (advisor), Nadel, Lynn (advisor), Ryan, T. Lee (advisor), Allen, John J.B. (committeemember), Perfect, Michelle M. (committeemember), Bootzin, Richard R. (committeemember), Nadel, Lynn (committeemember), Ryan, T. Lee (committeemember).

Subjects/Keywords: Down syndrome; Sleep; Psychology; Apnea; Cognition

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APA (6^th Edition):

Breslin, J. H. (2011). Sleep Disturbance, Cognition, and Behavior in Down Syndrome . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/201494

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Breslin, Jennifer H. “Sleep Disturbance, Cognition, and Behavior in Down Syndrome .” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/201494.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Breslin, Jennifer H. “Sleep Disturbance, Cognition, and Behavior in Down Syndrome .” 2011. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Breslin JH. Sleep Disturbance, Cognition, and Behavior in Down Syndrome . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/201494.

Council of Science Editors:

Breslin JH. Sleep Disturbance, Cognition, and Behavior in Down Syndrome . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/201494

University of Arizona

5. CHEN, MEI-KUANG. Reviews of Empirical Studies on Attention Placebo for Anxiety or Phobia Related Problems .

Degree: 2011, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203014

► The term "attention placebo" has been used in an imprecise and often seemingly thoughtless way for decades, and it is often confusing to encounter "attention… (more)

▼ The term "attention placebo" has been used in an imprecise and often seemingly thoughtless way for decades, and it is often confusing to encounter "attention placebo group" in outcome studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate attention placebo empirically, focusing on anxiety or phobia related problems. The two aims were (1) to describe and summarize how researchers define attention placebo in empirical studies and the intervention procedures involved in these studies; and (2) to explore the possibility of estimating the magnitude of the attention placebo effects on anxiety or phobia related problems.A thorough literature search was carried out with the keywords of attention placebo synonyms and the resulting list of 1304 articles was screened for unique empirical articles on anxiety or phobia related problems. A total of 545 articles were identified as attention placebo empirical studies, and 83 involved anxiety or phobia related problems. These 83 constituent articles were coded for the purpose of qualitative overview, and 63 articles with sufficient data were included in the meta-analysis of attention placebo effects.The results of the qualitative overview of attention placebo on anxiety or phobia related problems showed that most articles did not discuss explicitly any rationale for using an attention placebo group, but simply included one as a comparison group. The arrangements for attention placebo interventions were diverse and often reflected little concern for emulating the nonspecific features of the treatment(s) of interest. Two meta-analyses were performed based on the comparison of attention placebo and a no-treatment control, and attention placebo and the verum. The overall estimated effect of attention placebo is Hedges's g=0.32, a small effect, significantly different from the effect size of the other control groups. Compared to the verum, the effects of attention placebo are not consistent in magnitude but were nearly all smaller than the effects of the verum treatments. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses indicated that estimating attention placebo effects is a sensible and meaningful research activity.In conclusion, attention placebo is not so much about attention, and it is possible to estimate the effects of attention placebo. Advisors/Committee Members: Sechrest, Lee (advisor), Bootzin, Richard R (advisor), Figueredo, Aurelio Jose (committeemember), Walsh, Michele (committeemember), Jacobs, W. Jake (committeemember).

Subjects/Keywords: control; meta-analysis; phobia; psychotherapy; Psychology; anxiety; attention placebo

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APA (6^th Edition):

CHEN, M. (2011). Reviews of Empirical Studies on Attention Placebo for Anxiety or Phobia Related Problems . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203014

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

CHEN, MEI-KUANG. “Reviews of Empirical Studies on Attention Placebo for Anxiety or Phobia Related Problems .” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203014.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

CHEN, MEI-KUANG. “Reviews of Empirical Studies on Attention Placebo for Anxiety or Phobia Related Problems .” 2011. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

CHEN M. Reviews of Empirical Studies on Attention Placebo for Anxiety or Phobia Related Problems . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203014.

Council of Science Editors:

CHEN M. Reviews of Empirical Studies on Attention Placebo for Anxiety or Phobia Related Problems . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203014

University of Arizona

6. Bryan, Amanda Erin Brody. Peer-Administered Interventions for Depression: A Meta-Analytic Review .

Degree: 2013, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/297007

► A variety of psychotherapies have been demonstrated to be efficacious and effective treatments for depression. The cost of psychotherapy, however, and its low availability in… (more)

▼ A variety of psychotherapies have been demonstrated to be efficacious and effective treatments for depression. The cost of psychotherapy, however, and its low availability in some contexts pose significant treatment barriers for many depressed individuals. Based on the idea that peers (i.e., individuals who have successfully recovered from similar problems) may be uniquely able to provide empathy and support to those currently receiving treatment, some community mental health centers have implemented peer treatment models that employ recovered former clients as cost-effective adjunct providers. The effectiveness of these and other peer-administered interventions (PAIs) has not been well-established. The current study is a meta-analysis of the existing outcome research on PAIs for depression. Twenty-six studies were identified as eligible for inclusion and yielded 30 between-groups effect sizes and 29 pre-post PAI effect sizes. Study characteristics and methodological quality were coded and random-effects models were used to calculate and compare mean effect sizes. PAIs produced significant pre-to-post treatment reductions in depression symptoms that were comparable to those found in well-established professionally-administered interventions (.4554). In direct comparisons, PAIs performed as well as professionally-administered treatments (.0848). but not significantly better than treatment-as-usual (e.g., periodic physician check-ins or availability of community mental health services) and wait-list control conditions (.0978). These findings did not change after adjusting for the moderate degree of publication bias in the data. Moderation models revealed that professionally-co-administered PAIs produced significantly worse outcomes than those that were purely peer-administered, and that educational/skills-based PAIs (but not supportive PAIs) produced better outcomes compared with professional treatments. Limitations of this analysis included the heterogeneity of the included interventions and the lack of data on mediators and moderators. Still, these findings suggest that PAIs have promise as effective depression treatments and are worthy of further study. Advisors/Committee Members: Arkowitz, Hal (advisor), Sbarra, David A. (committeemember), Bootzin, Richard R. (committeemember), Arkowitz, Hal (committeemember), Allen, John (committeemember).

Subjects/Keywords: community psychology; depression; meta-analysis; peer-administered; psychotherapy; Psychology; chronic illness

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bryan, A. E. B. (2013). Peer-Administered Interventions for Depression: A Meta-Analytic Review . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/297007

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bryan, Amanda Erin Brody. “Peer-Administered Interventions for Depression: A Meta-Analytic Review .” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/297007.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bryan, Amanda Erin Brody. “Peer-Administered Interventions for Depression: A Meta-Analytic Review .” 2013. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Bryan AEB. Peer-Administered Interventions for Depression: A Meta-Analytic Review . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/297007.

Council of Science Editors:

Bryan AEB. Peer-Administered Interventions for Depression: A Meta-Analytic Review . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/297007

University of Arizona

7. Bismark, Andrew W. The Heritability Of And Genetic Contributions To, Frontal Electroencephalography .

Degree: 2014, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/332852

► The heritability of frontal EEG asymmetry, a potential endophenotype for depression, was investigated using a large set of adolescent and young adult twins. Additionally, the… (more)

▼ The heritability of frontal EEG asymmetry, a potential endophenotype for depression, was investigated using a large set of adolescent and young adult twins. Additionally, the relationship between polymorphisms within three serotonin genes, two receptor genes and one transporter gene, and frontal EEG asymmetry was also investigated. Using Falconer's estimate, frontal EEG asymmetry was shown to be more heritable at lateral compared to medial cites across nearly all reference montages, and greater in males compared to females. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), and investigating both additive (ACE) and non-additive (ADE) models of genetic heritability, males displayed consistently greater additive genetic contributions to heritability, with greater lateral contributions than medial ones. For female twins pairs, the additive genetic model data provided a mixed picture, with more consistent heritability estimates observed at medial sites, but with larger estimates shown at lateral channels. For non-additive genetic models, male twin pairs demonstrated exclusive non-additive contributions to heritability across channels within AVG and CZ referenced data, with metrics in the CSD and LM montages more mixed between additive and non-additive contributions. However, consistent with Falconer's estimates, lateral channels were nearly always estimated to be more heritable than medial channels regardless of gender. These models demonstrate some combination of additive and non-additive contributions to the heritability of frontal EEG asymmetry, with the CSD and AVG montages showing greater lateral compared to medial heritability and CZ and LM montages showing mixed contributions with additive heritability at lateral channels and non-additive primarily at medial channels. The complex interaction of gender and reference montage on the heritability estimates highlight the subtle yet important roles of age, gender, and recording methodology when investigating proposed endophenotypes. However, no association was found between the proposed polymorphisms in serotonin receptor 1a, 2a or serotonin transporter genes and frontal EEG asymmetry. Although the results support modest heritability of frontal EEG asymmetry, the proposed link to underlying serotonergic genetic markers remains an open question. Overall, these results indicate that frontal asymmetry may be a useful endophenotype for depressive risk with modest heritability, but is one that taps more environmental risk. Advisors/Committee Members: Allen, John J.B (advisor), Allen, John J.B. (committeemember), Sbarra, David (committeemember), Bootzin, Richard (committeemember), Moreno, Francisco (committeemember).

Subjects/Keywords: EEG Asymmetry; Gene; Heritability; Serotonin; Psychology; Depression

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bismark, A. W. (2014). The Heritability Of And Genetic Contributions To, Frontal Electroencephalography . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/332852

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bismark, Andrew W. “The Heritability Of And Genetic Contributions To, Frontal Electroencephalography .” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/332852.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bismark, Andrew W. “The Heritability Of And Genetic Contributions To, Frontal Electroencephalography .” 2014. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Bismark AW. The Heritability Of And Genetic Contributions To, Frontal Electroencephalography . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/332852.

Council of Science Editors:

Bismark AW. The Heritability Of And Genetic Contributions To, Frontal Electroencephalography . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/332852

8. Seltzer, Ryan. Found in Translation: Methods to Increase Meaning and Interpretability of Confound Variables .

Degree: 2013, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/311235

► The process of research is fraught with rote terminology that, when used blindly, can bend our methodological actions away from our theoretical intentions. This investigation… (more)

▼ The process of research is fraught with rote terminology that, when used blindly, can bend our methodological actions away from our theoretical intentions. This investigation is aimed at developing two methods for bringing meaning and interpretability to research when we work with confounds. I argue, with the first method, that granting confounds substantive influence in a network of related variables (rather than viewing confounds as nuisance variables) enhances the conceptual dimension with which phenomena can be explained. I evaluated models differing in how confounds were specified using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Generally, minor alterations to model specifications, such as direction of causal pathways, did not change model parameter estimates; however, the conceptual meaning of how the confounds interacted with other variables in the model changed drastically. Another frequent misconceptualization of confounds, detailed by the second method, occurs when confounds are used as proxy variables to control for variance that is not directly measureable, and no explicit attempt is made to ensure that the proxy variable adequately represents the underlying, intended construct. For this second demonstration, I used SHARE data to estimate models varying in the degree to which proxy variables represent intended variables. Results showed that parameter estimates can differ substantially across different levels of proxy variable representation. When imperfect proxy variables are used, an insufficient amount of variance is removed from the observed spurious relationship between design variables. The findings from this methodological demonstration underscore the importance of precisely imbuing confounds with conceptual meaning and selecting proxy variables that accurately represent the underlying construct for which control is intended. Advisors/Committee Members: Bootzin, Richard (advisor), Bootzin, Richard (committeemember), Sechrest, Lee (committeemember), Figueredo, Aurelio Jose (committeemember), Jacobs, W. Jake (committeemember).

Subjects/Keywords: Meaning; Methodology; Proxy variables; Research; Structural equation models; Psychology; Confounds

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APA (6^th Edition):

Seltzer, R. (2013). Found in Translation: Methods to Increase Meaning and Interpretability of Confound Variables . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/311235

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Seltzer, Ryan. “Found in Translation: Methods to Increase Meaning and Interpretability of Confound Variables .” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/311235.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Seltzer, Ryan. “Found in Translation: Methods to Increase Meaning and Interpretability of Confound Variables .” 2013. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Seltzer R. Found in Translation: Methods to Increase Meaning and Interpretability of Confound Variables . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/311235.

Council of Science Editors:

Seltzer R. Found in Translation: Methods to Increase Meaning and Interpretability of Confound Variables . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/311235

9. Fridel, Keith. Adherence and Effectiveness of Positional Therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome .

Degree: 2011, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203486

► The purpose of this investigation was to explore how adherence to a positional therapy intervention affected therapeutic outcome in participants with positional-related obstructive sleep apnea… (more)

▼ The purpose of this investigation was to explore how adherence to a positional therapy intervention affected therapeutic outcome in participants with positional-related obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Eighteen adult participants identified as having positional-related obstructive sleep apnea by an initial overnight polysomnography study were recruited. Participants were instructed to use a “tennis ball technique” positional device for three weeks at home and record their sleep habits and adherence before a final post-treatment polysomnography evaluation. A repeated measures MANOVA found significant effects of treatment between pre- and post-test on the objective polysomnography variables of Total Recording Time [F(1,17) = 5.21, p<.05, η²=.24], Total Sleep Time [F(1,17) = 8.59, p<.01, η²=.34], Sleep Efficiency [F(1,17) = 5.42, p<.05, η²=.24], Total REM sleep time [F(1,17) = 9.91, p<.01, η²=.37], and the Apnea- Hypopnea Index [F(1,17) = 14.28, p<.001, η²=.46]. Sleep onset latency was not statistically significant. There were significant effects of treatment on the subjective measures of the Functional Outcome of Sleep Quality [F(1,17) = 8.92, p<.01, η²=.35], Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [F(1,17) = 11.2, p<.01, η²=..39], Epworth Sleepiness Scale [F(1,17) = 6.69, p<.05, η²=.28], and the Brief Symptom Inventory [F(1,17) = 5.14, p<.05, η²=.23]. No significant interaction effects were found between treatment and adherence when participants were grouped post-hoc into an adherent or non-adherent categories based on their self-reported daily log data. In summary, the results of this study indicated that the positional device was efficacious for significantly improving both objective polysomnography variables and subjective variables of sleep. The results also indicated even partially adherent participants reported significant improvements in nighttime sleep quality and quality of life after the three week treatment period. Mixed Linear Modeling demonstrated that significant improvements in sleep quality, time to sleep onset, and total sleep time were not seen until the last weeks of treatment. This study found very acceptable adherence rates with this positional device design; all participants were able to utilize the therapeutic device on at least a portion of every night during the three-week intervention. Advisors/Committee Members: Bootzin, Richard R (advisor), Arkowitz, Harold S. (committeemember), Allen, John J.B. (committeemember), Kazniak, Alfred (committeemember), Bootzin, Richard R. (committeemember).

Subjects/Keywords: Intervention; Positional; Sleep; Treatment; Psychology; Adherence; Apnea

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APA (6^th Edition):

Fridel, K. (2011). Adherence and Effectiveness of Positional Therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203486

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fridel, Keith. “Adherence and Effectiveness of Positional Therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome .” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203486.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fridel, Keith. “Adherence and Effectiveness of Positional Therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome .” 2011. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Fridel K. Adherence and Effectiveness of Positional Therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203486.

Council of Science Editors:

Fridel K. Adherence and Effectiveness of Positional Therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203486

10. Sorensen, Seth Thomas. Neurocognition and Academic Achievement in School-Aged Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Depressive Symptoms .

Degree: 2014, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/332771

► The current study investigated the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and depressive symptoms on neuropsychological functioning and academic achievement in a sample of ethnically… (more)

▼ The current study investigated the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and depressive symptoms on neuropsychological functioning and academic achievement in a sample of ethnically diverse school-aged children in the Southwest United States. A total of 38 participants aged 6 - 12 were studied as part of an ongoing randomized clinical trial (SleepCATS) investigating the neurocognitive impact of continuous positive airway pressure therapy (CPAP) on neurobehavioral outcomes. Children were identified as having primary snoring, mild OSA, or Moderate-Severe OSA based on in-lab nocturnal polysomnography and were assessed for depressive symptoms using the parent report of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Neuropsychological testing was conducted using the Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Test Battery (CANTAB) to assess executive functioning, working memory, and motor control. The Grooved Pegboard Test (GPT) was used to assess fine motor speed and dexterity and academic achievement was assessed on the Woodcock-Johnson Test of Academic Achievement Third Edition (WJ-ACH III). The study identified 39% of the sample as having clinical depressive symptoms and mean depressive symptoms for the sample was nearly one standard deviation above the norms. Multivariate analysis of covariance models (MANCOVA) were used to determine differences in neuropsychological test performance by neurocognitive constructs. Results from the study found significant main effects for OSA severity on the CANTAB Spatial Span Test and a significant interaction of off clinical depressive symptoms and OSA severity on the Applied Problems test of the WJ ACH III. When groups were compared between children with primary snoring and OSA (Mild and Moderate-Severe combined) there were no longer significant effects for academic achievement or working memory, however, there was a significant main effect for motor control on the CANTAB with children with OSA exhibiting lower performance compared to those with primary snoring. The results from this study suggest children with moderate-severe OSA may exhibit increased difficulties in working memory and fine-motor control, and also have increased difficulties with academic math achievement when children with moderate-severe OSA also have depressive symptoms. These findings suggest children with higher severities of OSA may experience increased learning and academic challenges, which may be further exacerbated when accompanied by depression. Advisors/Committee Members: Perfect, Michelle M (advisor), Archbold, Kristen H. (committeemember), Bootzin, Richard R. (committeemember), Wodrich, David L. (committeemember).

Subjects/Keywords: Apnea; Cognition; Neurocognition; OSA; Sleep; School Psychology; Achievement

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APA (6^th Edition):

Sorensen, S. T. (2014). Neurocognition and Academic Achievement in School-Aged Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Depressive Symptoms . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/332771

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sorensen, Seth Thomas. “Neurocognition and Academic Achievement in School-Aged Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Depressive Symptoms .” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/332771.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sorensen, Seth Thomas. “Neurocognition and Academic Achievement in School-Aged Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Depressive Symptoms .” 2014. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Sorensen ST. Neurocognition and Academic Achievement in School-Aged Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Depressive Symptoms . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/332771.

Council of Science Editors:

Sorensen ST. Neurocognition and Academic Achievement in School-Aged Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Depressive Symptoms . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/332771

University of Arizona

11. Roepke, Nancy Jo, 1959-. Psychological interventions used in the rehabilitation of the injured athlete .

Degree: 1990, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277803

► Nine psychological techniques used in the rehabilitation of injured athletes were assessed. Fifteen athletic trainers and 68 athletes were asked to rate how valuable each… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Education, Physical.; Education, Educational Psychology.; Psychology, General.; Psychology, Physiological.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Roepke, Nancy Jo, 1. (1990). Psychological interventions used in the rehabilitation of the injured athlete . (Masters Thesis). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277803

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Roepke, Nancy Jo, 1959-. “Psychological interventions used in the rehabilitation of the injured athlete .” 1990. Masters Thesis, University of Arizona. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277803.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Roepke, Nancy Jo, 1959-. “Psychological interventions used in the rehabilitation of the injured athlete .” 1990. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Roepke, Nancy Jo 1. Psychological interventions used in the rehabilitation of the injured athlete . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Arizona; 1990. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277803.

Council of Science Editors:

Roepke, Nancy Jo 1. Psychological interventions used in the rehabilitation of the injured athlete . [Masters Thesis]. University of Arizona; 1990. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277803

University of Arizona

12. Johnson, Gwendolyn Watkins. Construct validation of quality of life for the severely mentally ill .

Degree: 1992, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278245

► This study focused on the quality of life experienced by persons with severe mental illness (SMI). Previous studies indicate the need for a multi-dimensional approach… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Psychology; Clinical.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Johnson, G. W. (1992). Construct validation of quality of life for the severely mentally ill . (Masters Thesis). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278245

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Johnson, Gwendolyn Watkins. “Construct validation of quality of life for the severely mentally ill .” 1992. Masters Thesis, University of Arizona. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278245.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Johnson, Gwendolyn Watkins. “Construct validation of quality of life for the severely mentally ill .” 1992. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Johnson GW. Construct validation of quality of life for the severely mentally ill . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Arizona; 1992. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278245.

Council of Science Editors:

Johnson GW. Construct validation of quality of life for the severely mentally ill . [Masters Thesis]. University of Arizona; 1992. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278245

University of Arizona

13. Perlis, Michael Lloyd, 1961-. Sustained facial muscle activity during REM sleep .

Degree: 1991, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291482

► Few studies have been undertaken to explore whether REM EMG suppression is exhibited in facial muscles other than the mentalis. The present study is an… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Psychology, Psychobiology.; Psychology, Physiological.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Perlis, Michael Lloyd, 1. (1991). Sustained facial muscle activity during REM sleep . (Masters Thesis). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291482

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Perlis, Michael Lloyd, 1961-. “Sustained facial muscle activity during REM sleep .” 1991. Masters Thesis, University of Arizona. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291482.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Perlis, Michael Lloyd, 1961-. “Sustained facial muscle activity during REM sleep .” 1991. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Perlis, Michael Lloyd 1. Sustained facial muscle activity during REM sleep . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Arizona; 1991. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291482.

Council of Science Editors:

Perlis, Michael Lloyd 1. Sustained facial muscle activity during REM sleep . [Masters Thesis]. University of Arizona; 1991. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291482

14. Menke, James Michael. Developing and Testing a Comparative Effectiveness Methodology for Alternative Treatments of Low Back Pain .

Degree: 2010, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145382

► This paper describes and tests a largely ignored but important preliminary step for comparative effectiveness research: retrospective evidence syntheses to first establish a knowledge base… (more)

▼ This paper describes and tests a largely ignored but important preliminary step for comparative effectiveness research: retrospective evidence syntheses to first establish a knowledge base of condition-based medical conditions. By aggregating and organizing what is already known about a treatment or system, gaps in knowledge can be identified and future research designed to meet those gaps.An information synthesis process may also discover that few knowledge gaps in the knowledge base yet exist, the gaps are negligible, and / or treatment effectiveness and study quality is stable across many years, but is simply not clinically important. A consistent finding of low effectiveness is evidence against more research, including exclusion of a treatment from future comparative effectiveness studies. Though proponents of weak treatments or systems may choose to proceed with further research, use of public funds or resources that eventually increase costs to the public are unwarranted.By first establishing a treatment or system knowledge base, at least three comparative effectiveness research decisions are conceivable: (1) treatment or system should be included in future comparative effectiveness trials to establish relative effectiveness for a given condition, (2) has promise but requires more research in a prospective CER trial, or (3) the treatment is less effective than others for a given condition, making future research unnecessary. Thus, a "retroactive comparative effectiveness research method," rCER, is proposed here to identify which treatments are worth including in future prospective trials and which are known to have small to modest effect sizes and are not worth the time and expense of a closer look.The rCER method herein showed that for non-surgical low back pain any treatments did not improve greatly upon the normal and natural pain trajectory for acute low back pain. Therefore, any advantage in pain reduction by any treatment of acute low back pain over back pain's normal course of resolution without care, is quite small, and as such, the incremental cost for the marginal improvement over no treatment becomes quite large. While the quality of non-surgical low back pain studies over the past 34 years has steadily increased, the effect size has not, leading to the conclusion that future research on non-surgical low back pain treatment is unwarranted. Advisors/Committee Members: Bootzin, Richard R (advisor), Figueredo, Aurelio J. (committeemember), McKnight, Patrick E. (committeemember), Sechrest, Lee B. (committeemember).

Subjects/Keywords: comparative effectiveness research; low back pain; meta-analysis; outcomes research; psychology; spinal manipulation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Menke, J. M. (2010). Developing and Testing a Comparative Effectiveness Methodology for Alternative Treatments of Low Back Pain . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145382

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Menke, James Michael. “Developing and Testing a Comparative Effectiveness Methodology for Alternative Treatments of Low Back Pain .” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145382.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Menke, James Michael. “Developing and Testing a Comparative Effectiveness Methodology for Alternative Treatments of Low Back Pain .” 2010. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Menke JM. Developing and Testing a Comparative Effectiveness Methodology for Alternative Treatments of Low Back Pain . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2010. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145382.

Council of Science Editors:

Menke JM. Developing and Testing a Comparative Effectiveness Methodology for Alternative Treatments of Low Back Pain . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145382

15. Law, Wing Man Rita. An Analogue Study of Loving-Kindness Meditation as a Buffer against Social Stress .

Degree: 2011, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145398

► Loving-kindness meditation (LKM) has the potential to improve intrapersonal and interpersonal functioning. This unique quality of LKM makes it a desirable candidate for buffering the… (more)

▼ Loving-kindness meditation (LKM) has the potential to improve intrapersonal and interpersonal functioning. This unique quality of LKM makes it a desirable candidate for buffering the stress of being social evaluated or socially excluded. Using the Trier Social Stress Test and the Cyberball social exclusion paradigm, the present study investigated the effectiveness of a brief LKM session in buffering against social evaluative and social exclusion stress. Three specific questions were addressed: In what domains can LKM exert positive effects? For whom does it work? And, how does it work? One hundred and thirteen participants (N = 113, 49 men) were randomly assigned to either a 10-minute LKM session or a 10-minute visualization control session. Findings showed that even just 10 minutes of LKM had an immediate relaxing effect as evidenced by increased respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), an index of parasympathetic cardiac control, and decreased respiration rate. In addition, the brief LKM intervention led to greater implicit positivity towards the self relative to the control intervention (p = .052). The brief LKM intervention also protected against some of the negative physiological and psychological effects of social stress. The majority of these effects are moderated by trait social anxiety and pre-meditation mood states (or pre-meditation mood state alone). Contrary to expectation, trait social anxiety alone did not moderate any of the LKM effects. Importantly, receiving a brief session of LKM while not being in a positive mood or being in a negative mood led to iatrogenic physiological and psychological effects. Providing an explanation for one of LKM's effects, findings showed that change in RSA during LKM fully mediated the LKM Intervention x Positive Affect interaction effect on change in post-social-stress RSA. In conclusion, findings of the present study have extended our understanding of LKM and have specific implications for future research and practice. Advisors/Committee Members: Sbarra, David A (advisor), Shoham, Varda (committeemember), Bootzin, Richard R. (committeemember), Greenberg, Jeff (committeemember).

Subjects/Keywords: affect; loving-kindness meditation; mediated moderation; respiratory sinus arrhythmia; social anxiety; social stress

…University of Arizona. Procedures Participants arrived at the laboratory individually. After… …and Study Design The participants were 113 undergraduate students from The University of… …Arizona who received course credit for their participation (49 men and 64 women; M age…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Law, W. M. R. (2011). An Analogue Study of Loving-Kindness Meditation as a Buffer against Social Stress . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145398

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Law, Wing Man Rita. “An Analogue Study of Loving-Kindness Meditation as a Buffer against Social Stress .” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145398.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Law, Wing Man Rita. “An Analogue Study of Loving-Kindness Meditation as a Buffer against Social Stress .” 2011. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Law WMR. An Analogue Study of Loving-Kindness Meditation as a Buffer against Social Stress . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145398.

Council of Science Editors:

Law WMR. An Analogue Study of Loving-Kindness Meditation as a Buffer against Social Stress . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145398

16. Cleary, Audrey. Self-Regulation by Adolescent Substance Users in the Context of Observed Family Interaction .

Degree: 2011, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145403

► Prevailing views of adolescent self-regulation (ASR) in the developmental and family psychology literatures share a common regard for this construct as a disposition or trait.… (more)

▼ Prevailing views of adolescent self-regulation (ASR) in the developmental and family psychology literatures share a common regard for this construct as a disposition or trait. An alternative contextual perspective would view self-regulation as a transaction between an individual and the relevant social context. The purpose of the current study was to examine such a perspective among substance-using adolescents and their families.Participants were 457 substance-using adolescents who had been referred for treatment at eight geographically disparate U.S. and Puerto Rico community treatment agencies. Families participated in a family interaction assessment task (FIAT) in which they planned a menu, described what pleased and displeased them about each other, and discussed a recent family argument. Later, using video recordings of these FIATs, three independent teams of observers reliably coded (a) the adolescent drug user's self-regulation in the interrelated domains of attention, behavior, emotion, and initiation; (b) specific structural family systems patterns; and (c) the overall quality of family functioning.In multiple regression analyses, structural family systems variables together explained significant variation in ASR, controlling for global family functioning and number of participating family members. ASR demonstrated significant negative associations with disengagement and conflict avoidance, and significant positive associations with parent-adolescent support role reversal, outside triangles, and parent-child triangles. The positive associations were surprising, given that those constructs represent structural anomalies historically associated with youth maladjustment. ASR ratings decreased across the three tasks, and some of the associations of structural family variables with ASR changed across tasks. With some exceptions, ASR-family variable relations were consistent across adolescent gender and ethnicity. When gender moderation was apparent, associations between ASR and structural family variables were stronger for females than for males.These findings provide support for the importance of an interpersonal context to manifestations of adolescent "self" regulation, and suggest that ASR may represent a context-based, dynamic state that is, to an extent, interpersonal in nature. These results further suggest that structural family systems theory can inform such a contextual perspective. Advisors/Committee Members: Rohrbaugh, Michael J (advisor), Shoham, Varda (advisor), Bootzin, Richard (committeemember), Sbarra, David (committeemember).

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APA (6^th Edition):

Cleary, A. (2011). Self-Regulation by Adolescent Substance Users in the Context of Observed Family Interaction . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145403

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cleary, Audrey. “Self-Regulation by Adolescent Substance Users in the Context of Observed Family Interaction .” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145403.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cleary, Audrey. “Self-Regulation by Adolescent Substance Users in the Context of Observed Family Interaction .” 2011. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Cleary A. Self-Regulation by Adolescent Substance Users in the Context of Observed Family Interaction . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145403.

Council of Science Editors:

Cleary A. Self-Regulation by Adolescent Substance Users in the Context of Observed Family Interaction . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145403

University of Arizona

17. Rider, Steven Page, 1964-. Application of the transtheoretical model of change to psychological skills training in intercollegiate athletes .

Degree: 1997, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282513

► Although there is empirical and anecdotal evidence for the efficacy of athletic performance enhancement interventions, a relatively small percentage of athletes take advantage of sport… (more)

▼ Although there is empirical and anecdotal evidence for the efficacy of athletic performance enhancement interventions, a relatively small percentage of athletes take advantage of sport psychology services. It is likely that athletes perceive potential gains and losses in pursuing mental skills training, and the latter may adversely impact athletes' motivations and behaviors regarding consulting a sport psychologist. In order to increase the number of athletes who can benefit from mental skills training, athletes' motivations and behaviors regarding sport psychology consultation must be addressed. The Transtheoretical model of change focuses on the related issues of motivation and behavior change through the constructs of the Stages of Change, Processes of Change, Decisional Balance, and Self-Efficacy. Although the Transtheoretical model has been applied to a variety of behaviors, it has not been applied theoretically or empirically to the area of sport psychology consultation. In an attempt to apply the Transtheoretical Model to this area, questionnaires assessing Stage of Change, Decisional Balance, and Self-Efficacy were developed and cross-validated on two samples (total N = 308) of NCAA Division I Intercollegiate Athletes. The measures showed good internal reliability, with all but one subscale yielding an alpha coefficient of.79 or above, and good construct validity, exhibiting hypothesized relationships among each other and with relevant outcome variables. Finally, the Stage of Change measure exhibited a strong relationship with sport psychology consultations initiated by athletes during the 12 months following questionnaire administration. Of those athletes in the Precontemplation stage, 21% initiated an individual sport psychology consultation in the following year, compared with 39% of those in the Contemplation stage and 63% of those in the Action stage. Based on these results, it appears that the Stage of Change measure developed in the present research may prove to be a useful tool in predicting subsequent initiation of individual sport psychology consultation. Several potentially useful lines of research flow from this study, including continued development of assessment tools, and experiments designed to assess the efficacy of stage-based sport psychology interventions in moving athletes to later stages of change and to greater levels of participation in sport psychology consultation. Advisors/Committee Members: Bootzin, Richard R (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Education, Physical.; Education, Educational Psychology.; Psychology, Clinical.; Recreation.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Rider, Steven Page, 1. (1997). Application of the transtheoretical model of change to psychological skills training in intercollegiate athletes . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282513

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Rider, Steven Page, 1964-. “Application of the transtheoretical model of change to psychological skills training in intercollegiate athletes .” 1997. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282513.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Rider, Steven Page, 1964-. “Application of the transtheoretical model of change to psychological skills training in intercollegiate athletes .” 1997. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Rider, Steven Page 1. Application of the transtheoretical model of change to psychological skills training in intercollegiate athletes . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 1997. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282513.

Council of Science Editors:

Rider, Steven Page 1. Application of the transtheoretical model of change to psychological skills training in intercollegiate athletes . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 1997. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282513

18. Knight, Katherine Ellis. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Adolescents: An Investigative Study of Dopamine and Norepinephrine Systems .

Degree: 2012, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/247278

► A better understanding of the neural mechanisms associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and related cognitive deficits can potentially clarify the neural circuits involved… (more)

▼ A better understanding of the neural mechanisms associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and related cognitive deficits can potentially clarify the neural circuits involved in ADHD symptoms, help define neurobiologically informed subtypes and aid in developing more refined treatments. Two neurotransmitter (NT) systems have been implicated in ADHD: Dopamine (DA), and Norepinephrine (NE), and the primary cognitive deficits associated with ADHD are in working memory, response inhibition, reaction time variability, and reward processing. Frank et al. (2007a) proposes, based on computational models, that DA is associated with deficits in reward-based learning and updating of working memory, while NE is associated with deficits in response inhibition and greater response variability. Therefore, it might be possible to learn more about the NT systems' specific roles in ADHD by studying the associated cognitive deficits. The primary goal of this study was to assess performance in adolescents with and without ADHD on a number of cognitive tasks. We expected that the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - Inattentive Subtype (ADHD-I) group would perform the worst on NE tasks and that the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - Combined Subtype (ADHD-C) group would perform the worst on DA tasks, and that both groups would perform worse than controls on all tasks. Instead, we found that the ADHD-I group performed the most poorly on updating of working memory, while the ADHD-C group performed the best on this variable. However, the ADHD-C group performed worst on overall working memory. Dimensional analyses revealed that hyperactivity/impulsivity is positively correlated with updating of working memory, while inattention is negatively correlated with updating of working memory. In addition, hyperactivity/impulsivity was positively correlated with reaction time variability. In conclusion, it is likely that the roles of these NT systems are not as mutually exclusive as initially expected. It is also possible that our ADHD group was performing more like control groups in other studies, which might be due to a more 'pure' ADHD sample with less comorbid Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and Conduct disorder (CD), or could be due to a less symptomatic ADHD group. Advisors/Committee Members: Scheres, Anouk (advisor), Bootzin, Richard (committeemember), Allen, John J.B. (committeemember), Sbarra, Dave (committeemember), Scheres, Anouk (committeemember).

Subjects/Keywords: Dopamine; Neurotransmitters; Norepinephrine; subtypes; Psychology; ADHD; Attention

…University of Arizona have built over the past several years. They ranged in age from 12 – 17 (…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Knight, K. E. (2012). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Adolescents: An Investigative Study of Dopamine and Norepinephrine Systems . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/247278

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Knight, Katherine Ellis. “Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Adolescents: An Investigative Study of Dopamine and Norepinephrine Systems .” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/247278.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Knight, Katherine Ellis. “Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Adolescents: An Investigative Study of Dopamine and Norepinephrine Systems .” 2012. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Knight KE. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Adolescents: An Investigative Study of Dopamine and Norepinephrine Systems . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/247278.

Council of Science Editors:

Knight KE. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Adolescents: An Investigative Study of Dopamine and Norepinephrine Systems . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/247278

University of Arizona

19. kuo, Tracy F. Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and neuropsychological function: A community sample study .

Degree: 2000, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284215

► This is a case-control study investigating the relationship of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) to neuropsychological functioning. Participants were recruited from the Tucson Sleep Heart Health Study… (more)

▼ This is a case-control study investigating the relationship of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) to neuropsychological functioning. Participants were recruited from the Tucson Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS), which is a population-based study examining cardiovascular consequences of SDB. A sample of 103 men and women, ages 40-75, consisting of 51 controls (CTL group) and 52 persons with SDB (SDB group), matched by age (± 5 years) and sex, was enrolled. CTL subjects had a respiratory disturbance index (RDI), a measure of SDB, ≤ 5 while the SDB subjects had a RDI 20 to 50, inclusive. All participants had an overnight in-home polysomnography (PSG) prior to undergoing a neuropsychological evaluation. Psychological functioning was assessed and the areas of cognitive functioning that were tested included general intelligence, attention and working memory, psycho-visuo-motor efficiency, manual dexterity, and frontal/executive function. The SDB group performed significantly worse on the Stroop Color-Word test, made more errors on the Controlled Oral Word Association test, and overestimated time elapsed. The SDB group also demonstrated a statistical trend ( p ≤ 0.10) for worse performance on Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - III Digit Span, Letter-Number Sequencing and Digit Symbol Coding subtests, and the non-dominant hand performance on the Grooved Pegboard. Factor analyses were performed to reduce the number of neuropsychological variables and measures of SDB. Controlling for IQ, multiple regression analyses showed a significant negative association between a "nocturnal hypoxemia" factor and both "manual dexterity" and "semantic memory" factors. The results suggest that persons with moderate SDB, compared to controls, did not report increased depression or other aspects of psychological distress. SDB is, however, associated with subtle neuropsychological decrements in frontal/executive function, psycho-visuo-motor efficiency, and working memory. The performance decrement in tasks of frontal executive function and manual dexterity was primarily associated with nocturnal hypoxemia and not to the frequency of sleep fragmentation. Advisors/Committee Members: Bootzin, Richard R (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Biology, Neuroscience.; Psychology, Clinical.; Psychology, Cognitive.

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APA (6^th Edition):

kuo, T. F. (2000). Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and neuropsychological function: A community sample study . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284215

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

kuo, Tracy F. “Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and neuropsychological function: A community sample study .” 2000. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284215.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

kuo, Tracy F. “Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and neuropsychological function: A community sample study .” 2000. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

kuo TF. Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and neuropsychological function: A community sample study . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2000. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284215.

Council of Science Editors:

kuo TF. Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and neuropsychological function: A community sample study . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2000. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284215

University of Arizona

20. Cooper, Jayne Elaine. Mothers and daughters of domestic violence: Parenting as a moderator of risk and resilience in adolescence .

Degree: 2001, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279902

► This study examines the long-term effects of spousal violence on adolescent daughters' adjustment. The continuity of marital violence over time is proposed to affect the… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Psychology, Social.; Psychology, Developmental.; Psychology, Clinical.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Cooper, J. E. (2001). Mothers and daughters of domestic violence: Parenting as a moderator of risk and resilience in adolescence . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279902

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cooper, Jayne Elaine. “Mothers and daughters of domestic violence: Parenting as a moderator of risk and resilience in adolescence .” 2001. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279902.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cooper, Jayne Elaine. “Mothers and daughters of domestic violence: Parenting as a moderator of risk and resilience in adolescence .” 2001. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Cooper JE. Mothers and daughters of domestic violence: Parenting as a moderator of risk and resilience in adolescence . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2001. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279902.

Council of Science Editors:

Cooper JE. Mothers and daughters of domestic violence: Parenting as a moderator of risk and resilience in adolescence . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2001. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279902

University of Arizona

21. Franzen, Peter. Psychophysiological responses to auditory stimuli during sleep in posttraumatic stress disorder .

Degree: 2003, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280350

► Sleep complaints are common in people who develop Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PTSD-related information processing abnormalities evident during wakefulness might continue into sleep. A… (more)

▼ Sleep complaints are common in people who develop Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PTSD-related information processing abnormalities evident during wakefulness might continue into sleep. A group of Vietnam veterans with and without PTSD (patients and combat-controls) were studied to examine psychophysiological responses to auditory stimuli during stage 2 NREM sleep. Three stimuli (500 ms) categories were presented in an oddball paradigm: pure tones (standard, 60% probability of occurring); trauma-related (i.e., combat sounds) and affectively neutral, environmental stimuli (20% each). The effects of stimulus presentation on evoked K-complexes, heart rate (HR), and cortical activity (power spectra ratio of fast to slow EEG activity, and beta-band power) were examined; the impact of evoking a K-complex (KC+ and KC- trials) on these last two measures was also examined. Significantly fewer K-complexes were elicited in patients; there were no within group differences in the proportion of K-complexes elicited between tone and trauma stimuli. Patients unexpectedly produced significantly more K-complexes to neutral stimuli. Examination of the N550 component of the evoked K-complex revealed significantly longer latencies in the control group, who also had longer latency for trauma stimuli relative to tone and neutral stimuli. There were no findings on N550 amplitude. Cortical arousal results ran contrary to predictions. Rather, controls demonstrated modest increases in overall cortical activity post-stimulus, while patients demonstrated decreases that were even more pronounced for KC+ trials. Beta activity was marginally higher in controls, and for KC+ trials for both groups. The smallest beta power increase was to trauma stimuli for both groups; in controls, beta activity increased most to neutral stimuli. Tonic heart rate was found to be (marginally) elevated in patients. There was no impact on initial HR decelerations, but analysis of the ensuing HR acceleration revealed a main effect of K-complex type (greater HR increases for K+ trials) and stimulus type (significantly higher increases to neutral stimuli), Results suggest sleep-related information processing is altered in PTSD and conflicting evidence for cortical and autonomic hyperarousal during sleep in PTSD, although further research is necessary to establish the generalizability to other populations (such as acute PTSD or other anxiety disorders). Advisors/Committee Members: Bootzin, Richard R (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Psychology, Psychobiology.; Psychology, Clinical.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Franzen, P. (2003). Psychophysiological responses to auditory stimuli during sleep in posttraumatic stress disorder . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280350

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Franzen, Peter. “Psychophysiological responses to auditory stimuli during sleep in posttraumatic stress disorder .” 2003. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280350.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Franzen, Peter. “Psychophysiological responses to auditory stimuli during sleep in posttraumatic stress disorder .” 2003. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Franzen P. Psychophysiological responses to auditory stimuli during sleep in posttraumatic stress disorder . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2003. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280350.

Council of Science Editors:

Franzen P. Psychophysiological responses to auditory stimuli during sleep in posttraumatic stress disorder . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2003. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280350

22. Burger, Sarah Beth. My Spider-Sense Needs Calibrating: Anticipated Reactions to Spider Stimuli Poorly Predict Initial Responding .

Degree: 2012, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/222891

► The present study attempted to answer two general questions: (1) what is the relation between expected and actual reactions to a spider in individuals afraid… (more)

▼ The present study attempted to answer two general questions: (1) what is the relation between expected and actual reactions to a spider in individuals afraid of spiders? and (2) are inaccurate expectancies updated on the basis of experience? Behavioral and cognitive-behavioral learning models of fear, treatment protocols developed in relation to these, and recent findings from our laboratory necessitated answers to two additional questions: (3) does the expectation accuracy of individuals who meet DSM-IV criteria for diagnosis with a specific phobia differ from that of individuals who are fearful but do not meet criteria? and (4) does expectation accuracy vary as a function of context? Two final questions were obvious: (5) do the actual reactions of individuals who meet criteria for diagnosis differ predictably from those of fearful individuals? and (6) do reactions vary contextually? Student participants reported and tested a series of trial-specific expectancies about their reactions to a live, mechanical, or virtual tarantula over seven trials. Participants then completed three final trials in the presence of a live tarantula. Participants poorly anticipated the quality and intensity of their initial reactions, but expectation accuracy increased quickly. No clear tendencies for over- or under-prediction emerged. Participants updated expectancies in relation to prior trial expectation accuracy, either increasing or decreasing their predicted reactions relative to the original expectancy. Participants who met criteria for diagnosis with a specific phobia consistently anticipated and reported more intense reactions than did those who were fearful, but diagnostic status was not predictive of expectation accuracy. Participants in the live and virtual spider groups reported similar levels of fear that were greater than those in the mechanical spider group. Participants in the virtual spider group more readily reduced the distance maintained between themselves and the spider stimulus than did those in the live or mechanical spider groups. Expectation accuracy did not vary contextually. Results are discussed in light of the theoretical models presented, with findings lending greater support to behavioral models of fear learning relative to cognitive models that postulate a substantial role for conscious processing and appraisal in specific fear. Practical recommendations are made to researchers and clinicians based on present findings. Advisors/Committee Members: Jacobs, W. Jake (advisor), Kaszniak, Alfred (advisor), Jacobs, W. Jake (committeemember), Kaszniak, Alfred (committeemember), Sbarra, David (committeemember), Bootzin, Richard (committeemember).

Subjects/Keywords: specific phobia; spider fear; Psychology; fear expectancy; prediction accuracy

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APA (6^th Edition):

Burger, S. B. (2012). My Spider-Sense Needs Calibrating: Anticipated Reactions to Spider Stimuli Poorly Predict Initial Responding . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/222891

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Burger, Sarah Beth. “My Spider-Sense Needs Calibrating: Anticipated Reactions to Spider Stimuli Poorly Predict Initial Responding .” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/222891.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Burger, Sarah Beth. “My Spider-Sense Needs Calibrating: Anticipated Reactions to Spider Stimuli Poorly Predict Initial Responding .” 2012. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Burger SB. My Spider-Sense Needs Calibrating: Anticipated Reactions to Spider Stimuli Poorly Predict Initial Responding . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/222891.

Council of Science Editors:

Burger SB. My Spider-Sense Needs Calibrating: Anticipated Reactions to Spider Stimuli Poorly Predict Initial Responding . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/222891

University of Arizona

23. Heslet, Lynette. Effects of relaxation and diaphragmatic breathing on respiratory sinus arrhythmia: Implications for cardiovascular disease.

Degree: 1995, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187263

► Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) has been shown to be a sensitive noninvasive index of parasympathetic cardiac control with empirical evidence supporting its utility in the… (more)

▼ Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) has been shown to be a sensitive noninvasive index of parasympathetic cardiac control with empirical evidence supporting its utility in the study of numerous cardiac problems including: cardiac arrhythmias, sudden cardiac death and as a prognostic indicator of recovery after myocardial infarction. Respiratory modulation of vagal tone causes a reduction in heart period during inspiration and an increase in cardiac parasympathetic functioning during expiration. This pattern of change would be expected to increase if individuals were trained in diaphragmatic breathing. Spectral analysis of the respiratory frequency band was used to determine if the relaxation techniques studied, diaphragmatic breathing and autogenic training, had a differential effect on cardiac autonomic nervous system functioning. The current study evaluated the respiratory sinus arrhythmia in college students (N = 160) under the four experimental conditions (baseline, diaphragmatic breathing, modified autogenic training technique, and concentration task). Spectral analysis of RSA was employed to assess the relationship between vagal tone, diaphragmatic breathing and modified autogenic training. As hypothesized, diaphragmatic breathing consistently increased vagal tone when compared to baseline, modified autogenic training, and a concentration task. The modified autogenic training effect evidenced no increase in vagal tone. Indeed, the mean area under the respiratory band for this technique was less than baseline the results. The results of this study suggest that specificity of psychophysiological interventions is necessary to produce effects that improve cardiac functioning. A second implication is that the limited effects relaxation methods have had in the past in the treatment of cardiovascular problems (i.e., hypertension) may be secondary to lack of specificity of the techniques employed. Finally, bringing cardiac parasympathetic functioning under increased voluntary control may increase our ability to treat cardiovascular disease processes in a safe and cost effective way. Advisors/Committee Members: Shoham, Varda (committeemember), Bootzin, Richard (committeemember).

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APA (6^th Edition):

Heslet, L. (1995). Effects of relaxation and diaphragmatic breathing on respiratory sinus arrhythmia: Implications for cardiovascular disease. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187263

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Heslet, Lynette. “Effects of relaxation and diaphragmatic breathing on respiratory sinus arrhythmia: Implications for cardiovascular disease. ” 1995. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187263.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Heslet, Lynette. “Effects of relaxation and diaphragmatic breathing on respiratory sinus arrhythmia: Implications for cardiovascular disease. ” 1995. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Heslet L. Effects of relaxation and diaphragmatic breathing on respiratory sinus arrhythmia: Implications for cardiovascular disease. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 1995. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187263.

Council of Science Editors:

Heslet L. Effects of relaxation and diaphragmatic breathing on respiratory sinus arrhythmia: Implications for cardiovascular disease. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 1995. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187263

University of Arizona

24. Chambers, Andrea Suzanne. Relaxation During Pregnancy to Reduce Stress and Anxiety and Their Associated Complications .

Degree: 2007, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195435

► Stress and anxiety during pregnancy predict perinatal complications over the course of pregnancy and labor as well as premature birth and low infant birth weight.… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: pregnancy; stress; anxiety; depression; relaxation; pregnancy complications

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APA (6^th Edition):

Chambers, A. S. (2007). Relaxation During Pregnancy to Reduce Stress and Anxiety and Their Associated Complications . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195435

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chambers, Andrea Suzanne. “Relaxation During Pregnancy to Reduce Stress and Anxiety and Their Associated Complications .” 2007. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195435.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chambers, Andrea Suzanne. “Relaxation During Pregnancy to Reduce Stress and Anxiety and Their Associated Complications .” 2007. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Chambers AS. Relaxation During Pregnancy to Reduce Stress and Anxiety and Their Associated Complications . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2007. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195435.

Council of Science Editors:

Chambers AS. Relaxation During Pregnancy to Reduce Stress and Anxiety and Their Associated Complications . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2007. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195435

University of Arizona

25. Devlin, Kathleen Marie. The effects of client and therapist variables on therapeutic modality selection: Family vs. individual therapy.

Degree: 1993, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186379

► The study set out to examine the effect of therapist's orientation on his or her recommendations for individual or family based therapy. Other factors thought… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Dissertations, Academic.; Clinical psychology.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Devlin, K. M. (1993). The effects of client and therapist variables on therapeutic modality selection: Family vs. individual therapy. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186379

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Devlin, Kathleen Marie. “The effects of client and therapist variables on therapeutic modality selection: Family vs. individual therapy. ” 1993. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186379.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Devlin, Kathleen Marie. “The effects of client and therapist variables on therapeutic modality selection: Family vs. individual therapy. ” 1993. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Devlin KM. The effects of client and therapist variables on therapeutic modality selection: Family vs. individual therapy. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 1993. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186379.

Council of Science Editors:

Devlin KM. The effects of client and therapist variables on therapeutic modality selection: Family vs. individual therapy. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 1993. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186379

University of Arizona

26. Nebel, Melanie Anne. Prevention of disordered eating among college women: A clinical intervention.

Degree: 1995, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187085

► A preventative intervention program was administered to a non-clinical population deemed at risk for the development of eating disorders. Two-hundred and three women from a… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Eating disorders – Prevention.; Eating disorders in women.; Women college students – United States – Psychology.; Women's studies.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Nebel, M. A. (1995). Prevention of disordered eating among college women: A clinical intervention. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187085

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Nebel, Melanie Anne. “Prevention of disordered eating among college women: A clinical intervention. ” 1995. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187085.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Nebel, Melanie Anne. “Prevention of disordered eating among college women: A clinical intervention. ” 1995. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Nebel MA. Prevention of disordered eating among college women: A clinical intervention. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 1995. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187085.

Council of Science Editors:

Nebel MA. Prevention of disordered eating among college women: A clinical intervention. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 1995. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187085

University of Arizona

27. Brooks, Audrey Jessica. Factors influencing women's recovery from substance abuse: A grounded theory approach.

Degree: 1995, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187254

► The study of female substance use has traditionally been neglected. Yet female substance abusers differ from their male counterparts in the areas of economic resources,… (more)

▼ The study of female substance use has traditionally been neglected. Yet female substance abusers differ from their male counterparts in the areas of economic resources, vulnerability to impaired family relations, abuse and victimization, social isolation, shame and stigma when entering treatment, and treatment resources to meet their needs as women and mothers. Despite this, females do as well, or better, than males in treatment, However, the number who actually complete treatment is still very low. A grounded theory approach was used to identify conditions influencing treatment retention and to develop a model of women's recovery from substance use. Miller's mutual empowerment model was used to generate preliminary hypotheses. Miller's model states that women's psychological development occurs in the context of their relationships and connection to others. It was hypothesized that the relationship with the treatment provider would be the critical variable influencing treatment retention. It was further hypothesized that supportive, empowering relationships are a crucial aspect of recovery, as well as the emergence of a new identity. These hypotheses were supported. A model, recovery through connections, was developed. A woman's recovery is dependent upon the connections she forms with treatment and herself. The importance of these connections is derived from the woman's need to fill a void, or state of deficit. The recovery process consists of two stages: connection with treatment and connection with self. Connection with treatment represents a positive connection with treatment. This connection is facilitated or hindered by positive and negative treatment characteristics. Positive treatment characteristics facilitate the formation of supportive relationships and lead to treatment completion. Negative treatment characteristics impede their formation and lead to quitting treatment. In the connection with self stage the woman is learning to meet her own needs and access power within herself. Personal qualities facilitating this connection are will, resourcefulness, spirituality and trusting others. Qualities hindering this connection are shame and self-doubt. Two contextual factors influencing the model are external forces and mothering. The final outcome is transformation. In transforming her life the woman transfers her connections from a using lifestyle and culture to a non-using, prosocial lifestyle. Advisors/Committee Members: Christensen, Donna (committeemember), Wilhelm, Mari (committeemember), Scott, Anne (committeemember), Phillips, Linda (committeemember), Bootzin, Richard (committeemember).

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APA (6^th Edition):

Brooks, A. J. (1995). Factors influencing women's recovery from substance abuse: A grounded theory approach. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187254

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Brooks, Audrey Jessica. “Factors influencing women's recovery from substance abuse: A grounded theory approach. ” 1995. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187254.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Brooks, Audrey Jessica. “Factors influencing women's recovery from substance abuse: A grounded theory approach. ” 1995. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Brooks AJ. Factors influencing women's recovery from substance abuse: A grounded theory approach. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 1995. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187254.

Council of Science Editors:

Brooks AJ. Factors influencing women's recovery from substance abuse: A grounded theory approach. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 1995. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187254

University of Arizona

28. Backus, David Haskins, II. Demographic and psychological characteristics associated with level of success in a residential program for homeless, employed adults.

Degree: 1995, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187354

► Fifty-two consecutive homeless volunteers entering a Tucson, Arizona, subsidized communal living and support program over a one-year period were administered psychological, personality, and performance tests… (more)

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APA (6^th Edition):

Backus, David Haskins, I. (1995). Demographic and psychological characteristics associated with level of success in a residential program for homeless, employed adults. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187354

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Backus, David Haskins, II. “Demographic and psychological characteristics associated with level of success in a residential program for homeless, employed adults. ” 1995. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187354.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Backus, David Haskins, II. “Demographic and psychological characteristics associated with level of success in a residential program for homeless, employed adults. ” 1995. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Backus, David Haskins I. Demographic and psychological characteristics associated with level of success in a residential program for homeless, employed adults. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 1995. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187354.

Council of Science Editors:

Backus, David Haskins I. Demographic and psychological characteristics associated with level of success in a residential program for homeless, employed adults. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 1995. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187354

University of Arizona

29. Kline, John Patrick. Performance, electroencephalographic, and self-report correlates of repressive and defensive coping styles: Perceptual defensiveness and subliminal EEG activation? .

Degree: 1996, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187471

► Previous research suggests that defensiveness involves decreased perceptual sensitivity for intense or threatening stimuli, which is reflected in various perceptual and electroencephalographic changes. Expanding on… (more)

▼ Previous research suggests that defensiveness involves decreased perceptual sensitivity for intense or threatening stimuli, which is reflected in various perceptual and electroencephalographic changes. Expanding on this theme, Kline, Schwartz, and Dikman (1992) found that high defensive subjects evidence decreased perceptual acuity for a putative human pheromone, androstenone (AND), proposing an olfactory "perceptual defense" effect. Thus, the present study explored relationships between performance and electroencephalographic parameters in a visual "perceptual defense" paradigm, AND perception, and repressive-defensiveness. Except for in the spring, high-defensive subjects were in general less perceptually sensitive for AND. Excluding subjects run during the spring, detection accuracy for AND correlated negatively with identification thresholds for unpleasant words. AND perception tended to correlated positively with identification thresholds for sexual-taboo words. In general, highest identification thresholds obtained for neutral and sexual-taboo words, and lowest for pleasant and unpleasant words. Mean hit rates in a word detection task were 0.19, 0.17, 0.24, 0.44, 0.65, and 0.80 for six ascending durations (chance = 0.17). For the shortest three durations (≤ 50.1 msec), low defensive subjects had higher hit rates for neutral (NEU) versus unpleasant (UPLS), and sexual-taboo (SEX) words. In contrast, HD showed lowest hit rates for NEU and highest hit rates for SEX. At the longest three durations (≥ 66.8 msec), LD showed lowest hit rates for NEU and UPLS, and HD had lower hit rates for pleasant words (PLS) and SEX than did LD. Confidence increased with duration, but no significant defensiveness or word category differences emerged. HD showed less alpha (8-13 Hz) in response to 50.1 msec masked words at posterior leads for SEX, VPLS, and especially PLS relative to NEV, where LD showed essentially the opposite pattern. Alpha decreases for SEX correlated significantly with ≤ 50.1 msec hit rates for SEX at 02, and correlated with ≤ 50.1 hit rates for PLS and VPLS at 01. In response to 100.2 msec duration masked words, all subjects showed less alpha during SEX than during NEV, especially posteriorly, which was somewhat right lateralized for HD. The results suggest that defensiveness may involve unconscious supersensitivity to emotional content that facilitates conscious subsensitivity to emotional content. Advisors/Committee Members: Allen, John J.B. (committeemember), Bootzin, Richard R. (committeemember), Bell, Iris R. (committeemember), Kaszniak, Alfred W. (committeemember).

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kline, J. P. (1996). Performance, electroencephalographic, and self-report correlates of repressive and defensive coping styles: Perceptual defensiveness and subliminal EEG activation? . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187471

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kline, John Patrick. “Performance, electroencephalographic, and self-report correlates of repressive and defensive coping styles: Perceptual defensiveness and subliminal EEG activation? .” 1996. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187471.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kline, John Patrick. “Performance, electroencephalographic, and self-report correlates of repressive and defensive coping styles: Perceptual defensiveness and subliminal EEG activation? .” 1996. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Kline JP. Performance, electroencephalographic, and self-report correlates of repressive and defensive coping styles: Perceptual defensiveness and subliminal EEG activation? . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 1996. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187471.

Council of Science Editors:

Kline JP. Performance, electroencephalographic, and self-report correlates of repressive and defensive coping styles: Perceptual defensiveness and subliminal EEG activation? . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 1996. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187471

University of Arizona

30. Downer, Patricia. Characteristics of depression in neurologically impaired and normal elderly.

Degree: 1989, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184817

► Severity and pattern of depressive symptomatology were examined among four groups of elderly individuals, i.e., patients with DSM-III diagnoses of major depression (n = 54),… (more)

▼ Severity and pattern of depressive symptomatology were examined among four groups of elderly individuals, i.e., patients with DSM-III diagnoses of major depression (n = 54), patients with presumed dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT) (n = 27), patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) (n = 30), and normal controls (n = 29). The depressed elderly group obtained significantly (p < .001) higher means, and the control group obtained significantly (p < .01) lower means, than the neurologically impaired groups on clinician ratings (Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, HRS-D) and self-report (Beck Depression Inventory, BDI) of depression. However, HRS-D means of the PD and DAT groups did not differ significantly (p < .125). The depressed elderly group also obtained significantly (p < .001) higher means than the contrast groups on HRS-D vegetative and cognitive depression primary factors (adapted from Rhoades & Overall, 1983), while the control group obtained significantly (p < .001 to 0.01) lower means. At the intermediate level, the PD mean on the vegetative factor was significantly (p < .05) higher than the DAT mean, while the groups did not differ significantly (p < .79) on the cognitive factor. The depressed elderly group obtained a substantially lower interfactor correlation coefficient than the neurologically impaired groups, suggesting greater heterogeneity in manifestation of depression at moderate than at mild levels of severity. However, the finding of zero variance on some HRS-D items for the neurologically impaired groups suggested that factor structures may differ for PD, DAT, and depressed groups. For PD patients, the prediction that PD symptom severity ratings would correlate more highly with clinician ratings (HRS-D) than self-report (BDI) of depression, due to PD symptoms that resemble depression, was not supported. Speculation that the DAT group might report less depression due to loss of insight was not supported in this group of mildly to moderately demented patients. Only 22% demonstrated loss of insight, while 93% exhibited some degree of depressed mood on the HRS-D. Over 50% of the control group of PD spouses and community volunteers endorsed some degree of fatigue, work inhibition, and decreased libido, illustrating the need for considering base-rates in assessment. Advisors/Committee Members: Kaszniak, Alfred (advisor), Allender, James (committeemember), Bootzin, Richard (committeemember), Yost, Elizabeth (committeemember), Ittelson, William (committeemember).

Subjects/Keywords: Depression, Mental.; Depression in old age.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Downer, P. (1989). Characteristics of depression in neurologically impaired and normal elderly. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184817

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Downer, Patricia. “Characteristics of depression in neurologically impaired and normal elderly. ” 1989. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184817.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Downer, Patricia. “Characteristics of depression in neurologically impaired and normal elderly. ” 1989. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Downer P. Characteristics of depression in neurologically impaired and normal elderly. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 1989. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184817.

Council of Science Editors:

Downer P. Characteristics of depression in neurologically impaired and normal elderly. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 1989. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184817

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