+publisher:"University of Adelaide" +contributor:("School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health")

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University of Adelaide

1. Marshall, Helen. Vaccinology: a public health revolution.

Degree: 2011, University of Adelaide

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/74883

► This thesis comprises a collection of publications on new vaccines, vaccine safety and research in implementation of new vaccines into the community to inform public… (more)

▼ This thesis comprises a collection of publications on new vaccines, vaccine safety and research in implementation of new vaccines into the community to inform public health policy globally. The papers presented outline my research experience in vaccinology which has been conducted in collaboration with a number of national and international colleagues, who are included as coauthors. I have been involved in all aspects of the research including study concepts, conduct, analysis and interpretation of the results and manuscript preparation and publication. Studies in investigational vaccines outlined in Chapters 1, 2 and 4 were conducted as multicentre studies on the immunogenicity and safety of new vaccines including DTPa-HBV-Hib (diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type b) vaccine, DTPa-HBV-IPV (diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, hepetHis B and inactivated polio) vaccine, live intranasal attenuated influenza vaccine, Hib-MenCY (Haemophilus influenzae type b, Neisseria meningitidis serogroups C and Y) vaccine, DTPa- IPV (diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis and inactivated polio) vaccine, PIV3 (parainfluenza virus type 3) vaccine and RSV-PIV3 (respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza type 3 virus) vaccine. Many of these vaccines are now licensed in Australia (DTPa-HBV-IPV; "Infanrix-Penta", DTPa-IPV; "InfanrixIPV", HepAB; "Twinrix") with some licensed in other countries (live attenuated influenza vaccine; "FluMist") and others soon to be licensed (Hib-MenCY) or still in clinical development (PIV3, RSV-PIV3). Licensing of vaccines has been dependent on provision of clinical data of an excellent standard, resulting from clinical studies conducted according to ICH-GCP (International Conference on Harmonisation - Good Clinical Practice) as included in this thesis. Currently, the cost of bringing a vaccine from the laboratory bench to the market is around $1 billion, with much of this cast derived from extensive clinical trial testing undertaken, often directed or influenced by regulatory authorities. Studies for neonates, young children and adolescents require specific approaches relevant to their needs. Important areas such as recruitment to studies, levels of understanding, needs of families and caregivers, and appropriate care of potentially fearful and tearful participants all need to be addressed carefully and with great skill and support. Issues of assessment of symptoms and potential adverse effects need to be approached differently to those in older independent study participants. Paediatric vaccine clinical trials can only be successfully conducted with a specialized, experienced and dedicated team of investigators with a wide range of individual skills. Each investigational participant age group requires a specific type of specialist expertise, including skills which may range from venesection of a 2 month old infant (preferably on the first attempt), to blowing bubbles to distract an anxious 4 year old being vaccinated to discussing the study… Advisors/Committee Members: School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health (school).

Subjects/Keywords: vaccinology; public health; vaccines

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APA (6^th Edition):

Marshall, H. (2011). Vaccinology: a public health revolution. (Thesis). University of Adelaide. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2440/74883

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Marshall, Helen. “Vaccinology: a public health revolution.” 2011. Thesis, University of Adelaide. Accessed January 20, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/74883.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Marshall, Helen. “Vaccinology: a public health revolution.” 2011. Web. 20 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Marshall H. Vaccinology: a public health revolution. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2011. [cited 2020 Jan 20]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/74883.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Marshall H. Vaccinology: a public health revolution. [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/74883

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Adelaide

2. Ween, Miranda Peggy. The biological role of extracellular matrix in ovarian cancer metastasis.

Degree: 2010, University of Adelaide

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/65056

► Ovarian cancer metastasis is characterized by the shedding of malignant cells from the surface of the ovary and their implantation onto the peritoneal surface which… (more)

▼ Ovarian cancer metastasis is characterized by the shedding of malignant cells from the surface of the ovary and their implantation onto the peritoneal surface which lines the abdominal cavity. As the factors promoting this process are poorly understood, we investigated the ovarian cancer–peritoneal interaction by means of in vitro co-culture experiments with ovarian cancer (OVCAR-3, OVCAR-5, and SKOV-3) and peritoneal (LP-9) cells. In this system, we identified by mass spectrometry that levels of transforming growth factor β inducible protein (TGFBIp), periostin, fibronectin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, cytokeratins 1, 5, 6C, 9, 10, 14, and 16, transketolase, annexin A2, annexin A6, and elongation factor-2 were modulated as a result of direct contact between peritoneal and ovarian cancer cells or through interactions via shared media. We went on to investigate the functional role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, TGFBIp in ovarian cancer. Immunohistochemistry showed high TGFBIp levels in normal surface ovarian epithelial and peritoneal cells whilst in comparison, TGFBIp levels in primary serous ovarian carcinomas and matching metastatic implants were greatly reduced. In functional in vitro experiments, rTGFBIp significantly increased the motility and invasion of OVCAR-5 and SKOV-3 cells and significantly increased ovarian cancer cell (OVCAR-5, OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3) adhesion to peritoneal (LP-9) cells which was reversed by addition of a neutralizing TGFBIp antibody. We also demonstrated that the increases in OVCAR-5 cell adhesion, motility, and invasion, were independent of the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif in the C-terminal domain of TGFBIp. We conclude that TGFBIp expressed by peritoneal cells increases the metastatic potential of ovarian cancer cells. TGFBIp is therefore a potential novel therapeutic target against ovarian cancer. Further investigation determined that secreted TGFBIp was processed at both the N- and C-terminal domains during ovarian cancer–peritoneal cell co-culture in the same amino acid range as that of TGFBIp cleaved by plasmin. Plasmin was found to be upregulated within 1 hr of co-culture and TGFBIp processing in the in vitro co-culture system could be blocked by a plasmin inhibitor, 6-aminocaproic acid (-ACA) and a broad spectrum protease inhibitor which inhibits plasmin but not matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Furthermore, the processing was not blocked by an MMP inhibitor, GM6001. We therefore conclude that TGFBIp is cleaved by plasmin and not an MMP during peritoneal-ovarian cancer co-culture. In summary, these studies have shown, that when peritoneal cells are allowed to interact with ovarian cancer cells, whether by direct contact or by shared growth media which occurs at different steps of ovarian cancer metastasis, a proteolytic response is triggered. We also investigated the expression of other ECM components in ovarian cancer; the proteoglycan versican, the polysaccharide hyaluronan (HA), and one of its receptors, CD44, in ovarian cancer tissues and their role in the… Advisors/Committee Members: Ricciardelli, Carmela (advisor), School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health (school).

Subjects/Keywords: ovarian cancer; versican; hyaluronan; CD44; TGFGIp; BigH3; metastasis; cancer; motility; invasion; adhesion; extracellular matrix; sheath

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ween, M. P. (2010). The biological role of extracellular matrix in ovarian cancer metastasis. (Thesis). University of Adelaide. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2440/65056

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ween, Miranda Peggy. “The biological role of extracellular matrix in ovarian cancer metastasis.” 2010. Thesis, University of Adelaide. Accessed January 20, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/65056.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ween, Miranda Peggy. “The biological role of extracellular matrix in ovarian cancer metastasis.” 2010. Web. 20 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Ween MP. The biological role of extracellular matrix in ovarian cancer metastasis. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2010. [cited 2020 Jan 20]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/65056.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Ween MP. The biological role of extracellular matrix in ovarian cancer metastasis. [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/65056

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Adelaide

3. Borlace, Glenn Neville. Helicobacter pylori: reduced phagocytic killing and altered phagosome maturation in primary human macrophages.

Degree: 2011, University of Adelaide

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/66345

► Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonises the human gastric mucosa and is the principal causative agent of gastric and duodenal ulcers. Long term infection with H.… (more)

▼ Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonises the human gastric mucosa and is the principal causative agent of gastric and duodenal ulcers. Long term infection with H. pylori represents a major risk for the development of gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. It is estimated that half of the world’s population is infected with H. pylori with rates of infection up to 90% in the developing world. Despite eliciting a vigorous and sustained immune response in the host, H. pylori is able to persist in the gastric mucosa for life. In this study we have developed an in vitro infection model to (1) investigate the ability of primary human monocytes and macrophages to effectively kill H. pylori and (2) examine the process of H. pylori phagosome maturation in infected macrophages. Five H. pylori strains were selected on the basis of their clinical phenotype and characterised for the VacA (vacuolating cytotoxin), cagPAI (cag Pathogenicity Island), urease and catalase virulence factors by Western blot and PCR analysis. Each strain possessed a unique combination of virulence factors and there was only limited correlation between molecular typing results and clinical phenotype. These five H. pylori strains were then used to individually infect in vitro cultures of primary human monocytes and macrophages. At various time points after infection, the infected monocytes and macrophages were lysed and the remaining viable bacteria were counted to determine phagocytic killing efficacy. Primary human monocytes had a higher capacity to kill certain strains of H. pylori when compared to macrophages. Three of the H. pylori strains were killed by monocytes after 48 hours whereas none of the H. pylori strains were killed by macrophages over the same time. There appeared to be no correlation between the virulence factors studied and differential killing in monocytes. The virulence factors studied were not predictive of the capacity for H. pylori to avoid monocyte and macrophage killing. The process of H. pylori phagosome maturation was then investigated using the same in vitro infection model. Macrophages were infected with H. pylori and the amount of early endosome (Rab5 and EEA1), late endosome (Rab7 and CD63) and lysosome (LAMP-1 and LAMP-2) markers that co-localised with phagosomes was determined over a four hour time course. There was a dramatic change in the kinetics of phagosome maturation between H. pylori phagosomes and control E. coli phagosomes and it was proposed that this could contribute to the reduced killing of H. pylori observed in macrophages. H. pylori phagosomes retained the characteristics of early and late endosomes despite gaining lysosome markers. This demonstrated a fundamental change in phagosome maturation whereupon the H. pylori phagosome underwent normal fusion with the elements of the endocytic network, but blocked the subsequent fission part of the interaction. Macrophages are the critical regulatory component of the innate and adaptive immune responses in the stomach. Restoring the… Advisors/Committee Members: Brooks, Douglas Alexander (advisor), School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health (school).

Subjects/Keywords: Helicobacter pylori; macrophage; phagosome maturation

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Borlace, G. N. (2011). Helicobacter pylori: reduced phagocytic killing and altered phagosome maturation in primary human macrophages. (Thesis). University of Adelaide. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2440/66345

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Borlace, Glenn Neville. “Helicobacter pylori: reduced phagocytic killing and altered phagosome maturation in primary human macrophages.” 2011. Thesis, University of Adelaide. Accessed January 20, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/66345.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Borlace, Glenn Neville. “Helicobacter pylori: reduced phagocytic killing and altered phagosome maturation in primary human macrophages.” 2011. Web. 20 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Borlace GN. Helicobacter pylori: reduced phagocytic killing and altered phagosome maturation in primary human macrophages. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2011. [cited 2020 Jan 20]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/66345.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Borlace GN. Helicobacter pylori: reduced phagocytic killing and altered phagosome maturation in primary human macrophages. [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/66345

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Adelaide

4. Fullston, Tod. The role of Aristaless related homeobox (ARX) gene mutations in intellectual disability.

Degree: 2012, University of Adelaide

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/73327

► Intellectual disability (ID) affects ~1-3% of the population, profoundly impacting the lives of affected individuals and their families. An approximate 30% excess of males with… (more)

▼ Intellectual disability (ID) affects ~1-3% of the population, profoundly impacting the lives of affected individuals and their families. An approximate 30% excess of males with ID implicates X-chromosome genes. The most common inherited form of ID is fragile-X syndrome, affecting ~1/5,000 live male births. Another X-linked gene, the aristaless related homeobox (ARX) gene, is also frequently mutated causing X-linked ID (XLID). At least 50 pathogenic mutations spanning the ARX open reading frame (ORF) have been reported in 110 families. These mutations cause at least 10 clinically distinct pathologies, all of which include ID. These clinical entities range in severity from X-linked lissencephaly with ambiguous genitalia (XLAG) to mild ID with no other consistent clinical features. Of the known ARX mutations 60% occur in the section of the ORF that encodes for the first two tracts of uninterrupted alanine, ie polyalanine (pA) tracts. This is likely due to the extraordinarily high GC content of these regions of the gene (>97%). Two recurrent mutations (c.304ins(GCG)₇ – pA1 and c.429_452dup – pA2) arise from expansion of their respective pA tracts. The c.429_452dup mutation alone accounts for ~40% of all reported ARX mutations. To assess the frequency of ARX mutations among the intellectually disabled, genomic DNA from 613 individuals were screened for the most frequent ARX mutations. Of these, 500/613 samples were screened for mutations in the entire ARX ORF by either SSCP, dHPLC or direct Sanger sequencing. A subset of 94/500 patients were also screened for sequence variations in ultraconserved (uc) elements flanking the ARX gene, which likely act as ARX enhancers. Subsequently, using transient transfection studies we assessed the subcellular localisation of selected mutations and wildtype ARX proteins. Six different ARX mutations were detected in eight individuals (8/613; 1.3%) and potentially pathogenic sequence variations were found in uc elements in three more individuals. A total of five duplication mutations were discovered in pA2, two larger than the recurrent c.429_452dup, confirming exon 2 of ARX as a mutation ‘hot spot’. Increased aggregation was observed as a function of pA1 and pA2 length, aligning with the patient’s phenotypic severity. Three missense mutations were detected. A familial c.81G>C mutation caused a premature termination codon in exon 1, leading to Ohtahara syndrome (OS) and West syndrome (WS) in two male cousins. Although the c.81G>C mutation should truncate the ARX protein, reinitiation of translation at a down-stream methionine codon (c.121_123) likely occurs, ‘rescuing’ these patients from the otherwise severe XLAG phenotype. Two point mutations (c.1074G>T/p.R358S; c.1136G>T/ p.R379L) that alter key residues within the homeodomain were found in two individuals with brain/genital malformations and led to increased ARX protein mislocalisation. These mutations impair vital properties of ARX’s transcription factor function by perturbing its localisation into the nucleus (p.R379L) or DNA… Advisors/Committee Members: Gecz, Jozef (advisor), School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health (school).

Subjects/Keywords: genetics; mutation screening; ARX gene; cell based studies; protein localistion

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Fullston, T. (2012). The role of Aristaless related homeobox (ARX) gene mutations in intellectual disability. (Thesis). University of Adelaide. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2440/73327

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fullston, Tod. “The role of Aristaless related homeobox (ARX) gene mutations in intellectual disability.” 2012. Thesis, University of Adelaide. Accessed January 20, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/73327.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fullston, Tod. “The role of Aristaless related homeobox (ARX) gene mutations in intellectual disability.” 2012. Web. 20 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Fullston T. The role of Aristaless related homeobox (ARX) gene mutations in intellectual disability. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2012. [cited 2020 Jan 20]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/73327.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Fullston T. The role of Aristaless related homeobox (ARX) gene mutations in intellectual disability. [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/73327

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Adelaide

5. Leitch, Victoria Dawn. Changing the face of craniosynostosis: the role of RBP4 in osteogenesis and suture fusion.

Degree: 2011, University of Adelaide

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/78604

► Craniosynostosis is the premature fusion of cranial sutures and results in the compensatory malformation of the skull to accommodate the rapid growth of the brain… (more)

▼ Craniosynostosis is the premature fusion of cranial sutures and results in the compensatory malformation of the skull to accommodate the rapid growth of the brain during early childhood. This PhD thesis aims to look at the molecular mechanisms at play during this premature fusion; in particular it follows on from a recent microarray study of craniosynostosis tissue conducted in this laboratory. This study showed a 37x down regulation of RBP4 in fused sutures in humans. RBP4 is a retinol binding protein whose function is to transport retinol in the blood to target tissue, where it is metabolised to retinoic acid. This is of interest as retinoic acid is known to have an influence on bone growth. In this PhD project we have used animal and cell culture models to assess the levels of RBP4 during suture fusion and osteogenesis and its possible role in this process. Expression of Rbp4, Stra6 and other markers of osteogenesis were assessed using quantitive PCR in a mouse model of Saethre-Chotzen craniosynostosis syndrome (Twist1⁺/⁻). This demonstrated an initial correlation between suture fusion and Rbp4 down regulation as well as an inverse relationship between Rbp4 and Stra6 expression. However, sutures that did not fuse and parietal bone also displayed downregulation of Rbp4 at later timepoints. Histology showed that this might be related to parietal bone thickening. Multiple cell culture models were trialed, but proved unsuitable for RBP4 studies in osteogenesis. The commonly used mouse pre-osteoblastic cell line, MC3T3-E1, mineralised but did not express Rbp4. Primary coronal suture cells were isolated from mice, which expressed Rbp4, but failed to mineralise. Subsequently, primary cell cultures from human sutures were tested in osteogenesis assays and showed a decrease in RBP4 levels during mineralisation. Immunocytochemistry was used to determine the localisation of RBP4 in suture cells compared to Huh7 cells, a liver carcinoma cell line with known secretion of RBP4. Results showed that RBP4 is localised to the endoplasmic reticulum in suture cells, differing to the localization seen in Huh7 cells. Western blot analysis also demonstrated that unlike liver cells, human suture cells do not secrete detectable levels of RBP4. Finally, functional studies to analyse the role of RBP4 in osteogenesis using a lentiviral delivery system for over expression of RBP4 showed no effect on the ability of human suture cells to mineralise. A high level of overexpression was achieved however there were issues with infection efficiency which may have affected the outcome of these experiments. These studies demonstrate some unique characteristics of RBP4 in suture cells and extend its role beyond a simple serum transporter of retinol. In addition to a role in suture fusion, these results could be a reflection of a broader function of RBP4 in normal bone growth and osteogenesis. Advisors/Committee Members: Powell, Barry Crampton (advisor), School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health (school).

Subjects/Keywords: RBP4; retinoic acid; Saethre-Chotzen; suture fusion

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Leitch, V. D. (2011). Changing the face of craniosynostosis: the role of RBP4 in osteogenesis and suture fusion. (Thesis). University of Adelaide. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2440/78604

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Leitch, Victoria Dawn. “Changing the face of craniosynostosis: the role of RBP4 in osteogenesis and suture fusion.” 2011. Thesis, University of Adelaide. Accessed January 20, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/78604.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Leitch, Victoria Dawn. “Changing the face of craniosynostosis: the role of RBP4 in osteogenesis and suture fusion.” 2011. Web. 20 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Leitch VD. Changing the face of craniosynostosis: the role of RBP4 in osteogenesis and suture fusion. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2011. [cited 2020 Jan 20]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/78604.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Leitch VD. Changing the face of craniosynostosis: the role of RBP4 in osteogenesis and suture fusion. [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/78604

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Adelaide

6. McLernon, Penelope Cameron. Maternal fatty acids and antioxidants in pregnancies complicated by asthma and their relationship to fetal growth.

Degree: 2012, University of Adelaide

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/83331

► Asthma is one of the leading respiratory diseases affecting pregnancies today. Its effects on the mother and on fetal growth in particular are of great… (more)

▼ Asthma is one of the leading respiratory diseases affecting pregnancies today. Its effects on the mother and on fetal growth in particular are of great interest since the development of the fetus is highly plastic at this crucial period of development. Since inflammation and oxidative stress inherent in asthma have been shown to affect maternal and fetal outcomes, it was therefore the primary aim of this thesis to characterise the maternal circulating levels of fatty acids and antioxidants and to investigate the potential relationships with maternal dietary intake and fetal and neonatal growth parameters between groups. As a part of a larger prospective study on asthma, 131 pregnant women; non-asthmatic control subjects (n=47) and asthmatic women (mild [n=31] & moderate/severe [n=53]), were recruited at their first antenatal visit to the John Hunter Hospital in Newcastle, Australia. Women completed a 24 hour dietary food recall questionnaire at each subsequent visit; gestational (G) weeks G18, G30 and G36, at which times blood was collected. Corticosteroid use and smoking were assessed by direct questioning by respiratory nurses. We found no differences in maternal characteristics including gravidity, parity, height, smoking, weight, body mass index (BMI) or weight gain over the course of pregnancy, or in fetal or neonatal growth parameters between non-asthmatic women and women with mild or moderate/severe asthma. Moderate/severe asthmatics were found to have a reduced dietary consumption of energy, total, saturated, polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats, carbohydrates, thiamine, riboflavin and magnesium. Maternal circulating fatty acids and antioxidants increased as pregnancy progressed in each group, but unexpectedly, higher maternal circulating levels of omega (n3) fatty acids were found in moderate/severe asthmatics at the end of pregnancy (G36), and were inversely associated with fetal/neonatal head growth. Since there were no growth restricted neonates found in this cohort, it seems that placental transfer of n3 PUFA may be compromised in asthmatic pregnancies. Due to the study protocol, the asthmatic women had well controlled asthma, this is possibly why no growth restricted neonates were found in this cohort. There were no significant differences found in maternal circulating levels of fatty acids or tocopherols in wome who were using ICS or who were cigarette smokers; however, smokers tended to have reduced levels of carotenoids. High levels of n3 fatty acids and antioxidants were found in moderate/severe asthmatics, suggesting there is a maternally mediated compensatory mechanism to protect the fetus during pregnancy from asthma induced inflammation and oxidative stress during pregnancy. Therefore, the maternal circulating fatty acid and antioxidant profile is altered in women with moderate/severe asthma in response to the increased inflammation and oxidative load. Fatty acid levels were inversely associated with fetal growth in the presence of adequate asthma control, adequate diet and low antioxidant… Advisors/Committee Members: Clifton, Vicki Lee (advisor), School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health (school).

Subjects/Keywords: fatty acids; antioxidants; fetal growth; pregnancy; asthma; asthma severity

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

McLernon, P. C. (2012). Maternal fatty acids and antioxidants in pregnancies complicated by asthma and their relationship to fetal growth. (Thesis). University of Adelaide. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2440/83331

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

McLernon, Penelope Cameron. “Maternal fatty acids and antioxidants in pregnancies complicated by asthma and their relationship to fetal growth.” 2012. Thesis, University of Adelaide. Accessed January 20, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/83331.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

McLernon, Penelope Cameron. “Maternal fatty acids and antioxidants in pregnancies complicated by asthma and their relationship to fetal growth.” 2012. Web. 20 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

McLernon PC. Maternal fatty acids and antioxidants in pregnancies complicated by asthma and their relationship to fetal growth. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2012. [cited 2020 Jan 20]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/83331.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

McLernon PC. Maternal fatty acids and antioxidants in pregnancies complicated by asthma and their relationship to fetal growth. [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/83331

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Adelaide

7. O'Leary, Sean. Seminal plasma cytokines as determinants of ovulation, embryo development and pregnancy success in the pig.

Degree: 2010, University of Adelaide

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/63713

► Determinants of litter size in the pig are ovulation rate, fertilisation rate and embryo and fetal mortality. In practice, litter size is normally about half… (more)

▼ Determinants of litter size in the pig are ovulation rate, fertilisation rate and embryo and fetal mortality. In practice, litter size is normally about half the ovulation rate with 40% or more of potential piglets being lost before day 30 of pregnancy. Successful embryo development depends on optimal timing of events beginning with ovulation, fertilisation and preparation of the uterine environment for the attachment of the developing embryo. In the pig these processes are tightly controlled and are highly sensitive to disruption. The determinants of optimal early embryo development remain to be fully elucidated but evidence provided in mouse and human studies indicate that constituents of seminal plasma may provide a beneficial ‘priming’ stimulus acting at natural mating to synchronise and enhance early reproductive events. The cytokine transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) is present in large quantities in mouse and human seminal plasma and is a principal active constituent in mediating seminal fluid signalling in the female reproductive tract. Experiments described in this thesis were designed to investigate whether boar seminal plasma can exert changes in the female reproductive tract during the pre-attachment period in the pig that are comparable to those described in mouse and human. Studies in this thesis demonstrate that seminal plasma causes a transient inflammatory response in the uterus characterised by induction of cytokine gene expression and immune cell changes that occur during the critical period in which the pig embryo is most vulnerable to demise. Seminal factors were also observed to enhance ovarian function, promoting synthesis of progesterone and influenced the rate of embryo development. The effect of these early changes due to seminal plasma was investigated in a large-scale field trial. However, this failed to demonstrate an effect of frozen-thawed seminal plasma on reproductive outcome in gilts. Moreover, the presumed active constituent of seminal plasma, TGFβ, was identified at high levels in boar semen but did not correlate with boar fertility. The information from these experiments provide a comprehensive understanding of mechanisms underlying the potentially beneficial actions of seminal plasma in early pregnancy. Ongoing studies will assist in the strategic design of (1) novel ‘surrogate seminal plasma’ or ‘semen extender’ products incorporating active constituents of seminal plasma, and (2) assays for measuring cytokine / immunoactive constituents of seminal plasma that are predictive of boar fertility. Advisors/Committee Members: Robertson, Sarah Anne (advisor), Armstrong, David Thomas (advisor), School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health (school).

Subjects/Keywords: seminal plasma; pig; TGFB; cytokines; embryo development; determinants of ovulation; pregnancy; embryo survival

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

O'Leary, S. (2010). Seminal plasma cytokines as determinants of ovulation, embryo development and pregnancy success in the pig. (Thesis). University of Adelaide. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2440/63713

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

O'Leary, Sean. “Seminal plasma cytokines as determinants of ovulation, embryo development and pregnancy success in the pig.” 2010. Thesis, University of Adelaide. Accessed January 20, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/63713.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

O'Leary, Sean. “Seminal plasma cytokines as determinants of ovulation, embryo development and pregnancy success in the pig.” 2010. Web. 20 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

O'Leary S. Seminal plasma cytokines as determinants of ovulation, embryo development and pregnancy success in the pig. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2010. [cited 2020 Jan 20]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/63713.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

O'Leary S. Seminal plasma cytokines as determinants of ovulation, embryo development and pregnancy success in the pig. [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/63713

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Adelaide

8. Albuz, Firas Kamal. Induced IVM: a new approach to oocyte maturation in vitro.

Degree: 2010, University of Adelaide

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/63715

► Oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) is a technique that would alter the management of human infertility if success rates were notably higher. Oocyte maturation in… (more)

▼ Oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) is a technique that would alter the management of human infertility if success rates were notably higher. Oocyte maturation in vivo is a highly orchestrated, induced process, whereby 3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-mediated meiotic arrest is overridden by the gonadotrophin surge. However, using standard IVM, oocytes resume maturation spontaneously hence compromising developmental competence. The aim of this thesis was to establish an improved system for mammalian oocyte IVM by studying the inclusion of various forms of cAMP modulators during IVM and examine oocyte quality and developmental capacity. Firstly, this thesis includes a series of experiments designed to examine the effect of specific inhibition of phosphodiesterase type 8 (PDE8) during IVM of bovine oocytes on cAMP levels, meiotic and developmental capacity. The inhibition of PDE8 degradation resulted in a dose-dependent increase in cAMP levels and delayed oocyte meiotic resumption. However, the inhibition of PDE8 degradation failed to enhance oocyte developmental competence. This thesis includes an extensive series of studies designed to establish a novel induced-IVM system. Firstly, a pre-IVM phase was developed where immature bovine or mouse oocytes were briefly treated with the adenylate cyclase activator, forskolin and a non-specific PDE inhibitor, IBMX, which substantially increased intra-oocyte cAMP to in vivo physiological levels. Secondly, to maintain oocyte cAMP levels and prevent precocious oocyte maturation, oocytes were then matured with an oocyte-specific PDE 3 inhibitor, cilostamide and simultaneously induced to mature by FSH. The net effect of this system was an increase in oocyte-somatic cell gap-junctional communication and a delay in meiotic progression through prophase I to metaphase II, extending the standard IVM interval. Moreover FSH-induced maturation was prevented by an epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor, AG1478, demonstrating that induced oocyte maturation functions via secondary autocrine signalling within the cumulus cell compartment. Results from the present thesis also demonstrated that induced-IVM leads to a substantial improvement in oocyte quality, which in turn had long-term developmental consequences improving embryo/fetal yield and pregnancy outcomes. The work presented in this thesis validates this technology using two mammalian models. In the bovine, induced-IVM more than doubled embryo yield (27% to 69%), relative to standard-IVM. Similarly in the mouse, induced-IVM substantially increased fertilization rate (55% vs. 82%), embryo yield (55% vs. 86%), embryo quality, implantation rate (28% vs. 53%), fetal yield (8% vs. 26%) and fetal weights (0.5g vs. 0.9g). All these embryo and fetal readouts using induced-IVM in mice were equivalent to those using in vivo matured oocytes (conventional IVF). In conclusion, induced-IVM mimics some of the characteristics of oocyte maturation in vivo and substantially improves oocyte developmental outcomes in two disparate… Advisors/Committee Members: Gilchrist, Robert Bruce (advisor), Thompson, Jeremy Gilbert E. (advisor), School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health (school).

Subjects/Keywords: assisted reproductive technologies; IVM; IVF; oocyte; embryo; cAMP

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Albuz, F. K. (2010). Induced IVM: a new approach to oocyte maturation in vitro. (Thesis). University of Adelaide. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2440/63715

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Albuz, Firas Kamal. “Induced IVM: a new approach to oocyte maturation in vitro.” 2010. Thesis, University of Adelaide. Accessed January 20, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/63715.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Albuz, Firas Kamal. “Induced IVM: a new approach to oocyte maturation in vitro.” 2010. Web. 20 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Albuz FK. Induced IVM: a new approach to oocyte maturation in vitro. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2010. [cited 2020 Jan 20]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/63715.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Albuz FK. Induced IVM: a new approach to oocyte maturation in vitro. [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/63715

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Adelaide

9. Kok, Chung Hoow. Identification and functional analysis of gene expression changes in acute myeloid leukaemia.

Degree: 2010, University of Adelaide

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/65057

► Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) is a malignant blood cancer characterised by uncontrolled growth of leukaemic blasts. This is associated with constitutive activation of key signalling… (more)

▼ Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) is a malignant blood cancer characterised by uncontrolled growth of leukaemic blasts. This is associated with constitutive activation of key signalling molecules such as AKT, ERK1/2, STAT5 and NFB and with aberrant transcription factor activity, which in many cases is associated with characteristic chromosomal translocations. Aberrant receptor signaling can constitutively activate the pathways associated with the above signaling molecules. For example, autocrine interleukin-3 (IL-3), and over-expression of IL-3 receptor alpha (IL3RA/CD123) have been found in AML, as has constitutive phosphorylation of the common beta subunit (hBc) for IL-3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (GMR). Also mutation of the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) receptor is common in AML (~30% of patients) and the resultant aberrant FLT3 signaling contributes to enhanced survival, growth and a block in differentiation. A focus in this thesis is the identification and dissection of the signaling pathways and downstream genes activated by a leukaemic mutant of GMR (GMR-V449E) and by the FLT3 activated mutants associated with AML. For these studies we make extensive use of the murine bi-potential myeloid cell line model FDB-1 in which these mutants induce factorindependent growth and survival and a block in differentiation. The use of this experimental approach together with bioinformatics has provided leads with regard to the role of the AKT/mTOR and ERK pathways downstream of these receptors, and important for cell proliferation, survival and differentiation. Additionally, we focused on the role of the Growth Arrest and DNA Damage 45a (Gadd45a) gene, repression of which is important for cell survival and the block in differentiation induced by the activated mutants. A second focus has been extending the bioinformatic approaches to define the gene expression and pathways associated with the abnormal growth characteristics of AML. In particular, we studied AML cases with numerical chromosomal abnormalities and translocation events. Extensive use is made of the Connectivity Map (CMAP) resource together with publicly available gene expression datasets to define agents with antileukaemic potential. We have tested drugs, selected using the inv(16) (CBFB-MYH11) and MLL AML translocation signatures, for specificity and sensitivity on AML patient samples. Advisors/Committee Members: D'Andrea, Richard James (advisor), Brown, Anna Louise (advisor), School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health (school).

Subjects/Keywords: leukaemia; microarray; gene expression

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Kok, C. H. (2010). Identification and functional analysis of gene expression changes in acute myeloid leukaemia. (Thesis). University of Adelaide. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2440/65057

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kok, Chung Hoow. “Identification and functional analysis of gene expression changes in acute myeloid leukaemia.” 2010. Thesis, University of Adelaide. Accessed January 20, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/65057.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kok, Chung Hoow. “Identification and functional analysis of gene expression changes in acute myeloid leukaemia.” 2010. Web. 20 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Kok CH. Identification and functional analysis of gene expression changes in acute myeloid leukaemia. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2010. [cited 2020 Jan 20]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/65057.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kok CH. Identification and functional analysis of gene expression changes in acute myeloid leukaemia. [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/65057

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Adelaide

10. Guerin, Leigh R. Seminal fluid and cytokine control of regulatory T-cells in murine pregnancy.

Degree: 2010, University of Adelaide

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/65491

► For successful pregnancy, the maternal immune system must tolerate the presence of a fetus that expresses alloantigens. The appropriate and timely acquisition of this state… (more)

▼ For successful pregnancy, the maternal immune system must tolerate the presence of a fetus that expresses alloantigens. The appropriate and timely acquisition of this state of tolerance is critical and emerging evidence suggests that it needs to be present from the time the embryo implants into the uterus. Recently it has been demonstrated that a subpopulation of lymphocytes termed CD4⁺CD25⁺ regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are required for immune tolerance of the fetus during pregnancy. Despite their importance the factors that control regulatory T cells during pregnancy, and in particular in the peri-implantation period, are poorly understood. Using mouse models we have assessed the role of the ejaculate and its components (sperm and seminal plasma) in coordinating Treg cells in the period prior to embryo implantation. We have also used mice with a null mutation in the interleukin 10 (IL-10) gene to assess the role of this cytokine in coordination of Treg cell populations in later pregnancy. Experiments in the peri-implantation period just prior to implantation (day 3.5 postcoitum) showed that there was a significant increase (approximately 2-fold; p<0.05) in the total number of (CD4⁺Foxp3⁺) Treg cells in the iliac lymph nodes (LNs) that drain the uterus, but not in the distal inguinal LNs. This appeared not to be the result of a selective expansion in Treg cells but due to expansion of the entire CD4⁺ cell pool, since the percent of CD4+ cells expressing Foxp3 in any of the lymphoid tissues studied did not increase in response to mating. In addition, there was a similar increase in the density of these cells in the uterus just prior to implantation at day 3.5pc (p<0.05). By using males deficient in the sperm or seminal plasma components of the ejaculate we could show that the increase in both the lymph node and uterine Treg cell populations occurred in response to seminal plasma. The role of seminal plasma in regulating expression of mRNAs encoding migratory molecules in the peri-implantation uterus, and the involvement of these genes in recruiting Treg cells following mating, was then assessed. We analysed the mRNAs for the chemokines Ccl4, Ccl5, Ccl19, Ccl22, the chemokine receptors Ccr4, Ccr5, Ccr7 and the integrin Cd103 using qRT-PCR. We showed a significant elevation in Ccl19 and Ccr5 mRNA at day 3.5pc following mating to intact males. However the increase in mRNA was independent of factors associated with seminal fluid and might instead be regulated by ovarian steroid hormones. Using IL-10 null mutant (IL-10-/-) mice it was then shown that the cytokine IL-10 is involved in controlling Treg cell numbers in mid gestation. At gestational day (gd) 9.5, in IL-10-/- mice, there was an approximate 40% elevation in the proportion of CD4⁺ cells expressing Foxp3 compared with wild‐type control mice (p<0.01). This was seen in both the iliac LNs and inguinal LNs. In addition, there was a greater than 10-fold increase (p<0.0001) in the total number of Treg cells in the uterine-draining iliac LNs of IL-10-/- mice compared… Advisors/Committee Members: Robertson, Sarah Anne (advisor), Hayball, John Dominic (advisor), School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health (school).

Subjects/Keywords: pregnancy; immunology; T regulatory cells; regulatory T cells; implantation; seminal plasma

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Guerin, L. R. (2010). Seminal fluid and cytokine control of regulatory T-cells in murine pregnancy. (Thesis). University of Adelaide. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2440/65491

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Guerin, Leigh R. “Seminal fluid and cytokine control of regulatory T-cells in murine pregnancy.” 2010. Thesis, University of Adelaide. Accessed January 20, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/65491.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Guerin, Leigh R. “Seminal fluid and cytokine control of regulatory T-cells in murine pregnancy.” 2010. Web. 20 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Guerin LR. Seminal fluid and cytokine control of regulatory T-cells in murine pregnancy. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2010. [cited 2020 Jan 20]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/65491.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Guerin LR. Seminal fluid and cytokine control of regulatory T-cells in murine pregnancy. [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/65491

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Adelaide

11. MacKenzie, Karen Ellen. The effect of folate and vitamin B6 on endothelial function in children with Type 1 diabetes.

Degree: 2010, University of Adelaide

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/65556

► Introduction: Endothelial dysfunction is a precursor of vascular disease. Children at high risk of vascular disease including children with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) have marked… (more)

▼ Introduction: Endothelial dysfunction is a precursor of vascular disease. Children at high risk of vascular disease including children with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) have marked endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial dysfunction is reversible occurring early in the time-line of atherosclerosis. The detection of endothelial dysfunction in childhood allows the study of interventions at an early and potentially reversible stage of vascular damage. We have previously shown that endothelial dysfunction is common in children with T1DM and relates to folate status (Wiltshire, Gent et al. 2002) despite higher serum and red cell folate levels and lower total plasma homocyst(e)ine (tHcy) than healthy controls (Wiltshire, Thomas et al. 2001; Wiltshire and Couper 2004). Even with these higher folate levels, in a pilot, cross-over study we have shown that folate supplementation improves endothelial function in children with T1DM (Pena, Wiltshire et al. 2004). Beneficial effects of folate on endothelial function are being demonstrated in increasing numbers of studies (Verhaar, Wever et al. 1998; Woo, Chook et al. 1999; Doshi, McDowell et al. 2001; Thambyrajah, Landray et al. 2001; van Etten, de Koning et al. 2002; Woo, Chook et al. 2002). Improvement in endothelial function, has also been observed within hours of additional oral folate (Doshi, McDowell et al. 2002) and within minutes of intravenous 5 methyltetrahydrofolate (MTHF), the active form of folate (Verhaar, Wever et al. 1998; van Etten, de Koning et al. 2002). Treatment with combination folate and vitamin B6 lowers markers of endothelial activation (Constans, Blann et al. 1999; Vermeulen, Stehouwer et al. 2000). However, there is limited literature examining the effect of B6 alone on the endothelium. Vitamin B6 improves endothelial function in cardiac transplant recipients (Miner, Cole et al. 2001). There is no data examining the effect of supplemental vitamin B6 in T1DM or children at risk of vascular disease. Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory process and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP), a marker of inflammation, predicts cardiovascular events in adults. Elevated Hs-CRP in otherwise healthy children is associated with impaired endothelial function. Similar studies in children with T1DM have not been performed. We therefore aimed to determine the effects, acutely, of folate and vitamin B6 on endothelial function, and over eight weeks, of folate and vitamin B6, alone and in combination, on endothelial function. In addition, we sought to determine whether Hs-CRP, is associated with vascular endothelial and smooth muscle dysfunction, in children with T1DM and healthy control subjects. Methods: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of folate 5mg daily and vitamin B6 100mg daily in 124 children with T1DM determined the immediate and eight week effects of these vitamins, alone and in combination, on endothelial function. Endothelial function, assessed by flow mediated dilatation(FMD) and glyceryl-trinitrate(GTN)-induced dilatation using high… Advisors/Committee Members: Couper, Jennifer Jocelyn (advisor), Wiltshire, Esko James (advisor), School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health (school).

Subjects/Keywords: endothelial function; type 1 diabetes

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

MacKenzie, K. E. (2010). The effect of folate and vitamin B6 on endothelial function in children with Type 1 diabetes. (Thesis). University of Adelaide. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2440/65556

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

MacKenzie, Karen Ellen. “The effect of folate and vitamin B6 on endothelial function in children with Type 1 diabetes.” 2010. Thesis, University of Adelaide. Accessed January 20, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/65556.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

MacKenzie, Karen Ellen. “The effect of folate and vitamin B6 on endothelial function in children with Type 1 diabetes.” 2010. Web. 20 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

MacKenzie KE. The effect of folate and vitamin B6 on endothelial function in children with Type 1 diabetes. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2010. [cited 2020 Jan 20]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/65556.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

MacKenzie KE. The effect of folate and vitamin B6 on endothelial function in children with Type 1 diabetes. [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/65556

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Adelaide

12. Boyle, Jacqueline. Polycystic ovary syndrome and associated metabolic features in indigenous women in the Northern Territory.

Degree: 2011, University of Adelaide

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/65632

► Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrinological problem in reproductive aged women, has been found in population based studies to be present in 4–8%… (more)

▼ Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrinological problem in reproductive aged women, has been found in population based studies to be present in 4–8% of women from Caucasian, African American and Sri Lankan backgrounds (Asunción et al. 2000, Diamanti-Kandarakis et al. 1999, Knochenhauer et al. 1998, Kumarapeli et al. 2008). Australian Indigenous women would be anticipated to be more at risk of PCOS due to rising obesity, diabetes and associated components of metabolic syndrome. A small study of Australian Indigenous women in Victoria and Western Australia appears to support this hypothesis reporting a prevalence of PCOS of 18% (Davis et al. 2002). This study aimed, therefore, to assess the reproductive characteristics, the prevalence of PCOS and the associated burden of diabetes, obesity, dyslipidaemia and hypertension in a group of urban Indigenous women living in Darwin, Northern Territory (NT). A number of issues in this study warrant further attention: a high proportion of early teenage pregnancy, significant infertility, high testosterone measures and a high proportion with PCOS. Of the 424 women screened, 248 met the study inclusion criteria and of these, 38 (15.3%) had PCOS. The frequency of PCOS increased in those women who were overweight or obese by BMI; in women with a BMI ≥ 30kg/m² the prevalence was 29.9%. The frequency of PCOS did not change with central obesity probably because it was the typical pattern of fat distribution in this group. This research highlights the importance of awareness of PCOS in Indigenous women among health providers and policy makers. Whilst the majority of women with metabolic or glucose abnormalities were overweight or obese and ≥ 35 years, a significant minority were younger with normal BMI. Screening therefore should be considered for all women with PCOS for dyslipidaemia and IGT/diabetes. Potential future research includes exploration of knowledge and attitudes to family planning and reproductive health; optimum ways to provide education and health services to Indigenous women; the identification of young women at risk of future metabolic complications and their prevention, and a comparison of androgens in Indigenous and non-Indigenous women. Advisors/Committee Members: O'Dea, Kerin (advisor), Norman, Robert John (advisor), School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health (school).

Subjects/Keywords: women; reproductive health; PCOS; indigenous; androgens; metabolic syndrome

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Boyle, J. (2011). Polycystic ovary syndrome and associated metabolic features in indigenous women in the Northern Territory. (Thesis). University of Adelaide. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2440/65632

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Boyle, Jacqueline. “Polycystic ovary syndrome and associated metabolic features in indigenous women in the Northern Territory.” 2011. Thesis, University of Adelaide. Accessed January 20, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/65632.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Boyle, Jacqueline. “Polycystic ovary syndrome and associated metabolic features in indigenous women in the Northern Territory.” 2011. Web. 20 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Boyle J. Polycystic ovary syndrome and associated metabolic features in indigenous women in the Northern Territory. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2011. [cited 2020 Jan 20]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/65632.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Boyle J. Polycystic ovary syndrome and associated metabolic features in indigenous women in the Northern Territory. [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/65632

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Adelaide

13. Gebhardt, Kathryn Michelle. Identification of molecular markers of pregnancy success for assisted reproduction.

Degree: 2010, University of Adelaide

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/65870

► Current infertility treatments are confounded by an inability to identify oocytes and embryos with the highest developmental potential to generate and sustain a pregnancy resulting… (more)

▼ Current infertility treatments are confounded by an inability to identify oocytes and embryos with the highest developmental potential to generate and sustain a pregnancy resulting in a live birth, reducing the efficiency of treatment cycles and resulting in low pregnancy success rates. Embryos have varying capacity to form a successful pregnancy and embryo developmental potential is particularly reliant on nuclear and cytoplasmic qualities of the oocyte from which it is derived. A biochemical marker of oocyte and therefore embryo developmental potential would improve pregnancy success rates following assisted reproductive technologies by optimising oocyte and embryo selection techniques. The communication between an oocyte and its surrounding cumulus cells is essential for growth, maturation and metabolic activity, and strengthens the rationale to utilise cumulus cells to assess oocyte quality and predict treatment outcomes and health parameters for women undergoing assisted reproduction. The potential for cumulus cell gene expression to predict clinical embryo grade and pregnancy success was investigated in cumulus masses from single human oocytes which were fertilised and cultured individually. To make direct correlations between cumulus cell gene expression and treatment outcomes patients underwent single embryo culture and transfer. Gene expression was analysed in cumulus cells from independent oocytes that yielded a successful term pregnancy compared to those for which treatment failed and pregnancy was not established. Patient matched cumulus cell pairs were utilised to investigate a potential correlation between cumulus gene expression and clinical embryo grade. Cumulus cell gene expression was assessed using both a microarray platform for non-biased genome wide gene expression analyses and real-time RT-PCR assays focused on genes with known important functions related to oocyte maturation. Real time RT-PCR analyses identified cumulus expressed genes which significantly correlated with pregnancy success following single embryo transfer. Specifically, cumulus cell PTGS2, VCAN and GAS5 mRNA expression significantly (p < 0.02) correlated with establishment of a pregnancy resulting in a live birth, while PTX3 mRNA expression showed a trend towards significance (p = 0.066). Additionally, cumulus cell levels of VCAN, GREM1 and PFKP showed a significant correlation with birth weight in the patients who achieved pregnancy, indicating their role as potential predictors of health outcomes for babies born from assisted reproduction. No significant differences were seen for other genes analysed in relation to pregnancy outcome or when gene expression was correlated with clinical embryo grade. The use of a microarray platform led to the identification of new genes, never before identified in the COC as markers of human oocyte quality and pregnancy success. The characterisation of GAS5 and PEPSINOGEN transcripts in both human and murine follicular cells furthered the rationale for their potential as markers of oocyte… Advisors/Committee Members: Russell, Darryl Lyndon (advisor), Lane, Michelle Therese (advisor), School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health (school).

Subjects/Keywords: oocyte; cumulus cells; pregnancy; infertility; gene expression

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Gebhardt, K. M. (2010). Identification of molecular markers of pregnancy success for assisted reproduction. (Thesis). University of Adelaide. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2440/65870

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gebhardt, Kathryn Michelle. “Identification of molecular markers of pregnancy success for assisted reproduction.” 2010. Thesis, University of Adelaide. Accessed January 20, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/65870.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gebhardt, Kathryn Michelle. “Identification of molecular markers of pregnancy success for assisted reproduction.” 2010. Web. 20 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Gebhardt KM. Identification of molecular markers of pregnancy success for assisted reproduction. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2010. [cited 2020 Jan 20]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/65870.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Gebhardt KM. Identification of molecular markers of pregnancy success for assisted reproduction. [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/65870

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Adelaide

14. Tunc, Ozlem. Investigation of the role of oxidative stress in male infertility.

Degree: 2011, University of Adelaide

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/66099

► In recent years, there has been some suggestion of an increase in male factor infertility in the industrialized countries with a decline in sperm counts… (more)

▼ In recent years, there has been some suggestion of an increase in male factor infertility in the industrialized countries with a decline in sperm counts and a rise in sperm pathology. Male factor infertility is a multifactorial phenomenon that is observed in approximately half of infertile couples and affects one man in 20 in the general population. The potential causes of male infertility arise from a number of factors including genetic, lifestyle factors and chronic diseases. However, a high proportion of infertile male patients have now been shown to have defective sperm functions related to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress in semen has been speculated as one of the major factors causing male infertility and has been identified in 30-80% of cases of male infertility. While oxidative stress is accepted as a significant pathology, there is currently an inadequate knowledge of the exact mechanisms by which oxidative stress develops in male infertility, as well as a lack of an easy and reliable method for the measurement of seminal oxidative stress in routine clinical use. The main objective of this doctoral thesis is to investigate the underlying causes for oxidative stress in infertile men and the mechanisms by which oxidative stress develops. Furthermore it will also examine the effectiveness of an oral antioxidant therapy for treatment of seminal oxidative stress. During these doctoral studies experiments were designed with the aims of: • Developing a standardized protocol for the measurement of seminal oxidative stress, that can be conducted in the average clinical laboratory with minimal additional equipment (NBT Assay) • Examining the causes for oxidative stress in semen. Obesity has previously been identified as a cause of systemic oxidative stress. Therefore I examined if obesity causes oxidative stress to sperm. Seminal inflammation and its role in oxidative damage in semen are also investigated. • Determination if antioxidant supplementation is an effective treatment of oxidative sperm damage. • Assessment of the relation between Oxidative stress and sperm DNA methylation. Previous studies have linked male infertility with epigenetic abnormalities of the male genome. Since oxidative stress has been shown to interfere with somatic cell epigenetic programming I investigated the possibility of a similar link in sperm. It is hoped that advances outlined in this thesis will have made a significant contribution to the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of the male infertility. Advisors/Committee Members: Tremellen, Kelton Paul (advisor), Thompson, Jeremy Gilbert E. (advisor), School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health (school).

Subjects/Keywords: oxidative stress; male infertility; NBT assay; antioxidants

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Tunc, O. (2011). Investigation of the role of oxidative stress in male infertility. (Thesis). University of Adelaide. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2440/66099

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tunc, Ozlem. “Investigation of the role of oxidative stress in male infertility.” 2011. Thesis, University of Adelaide. Accessed January 20, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/66099.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tunc, Ozlem. “Investigation of the role of oxidative stress in male infertility.” 2011. Web. 20 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Tunc O. Investigation of the role of oxidative stress in male infertility. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2011. [cited 2020 Jan 20]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/66099.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Tunc O. Investigation of the role of oxidative stress in male infertility. [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/66099

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Adelaide

15. Alvino, Emily Renee. The role of the cumulus oocyte complex during ovulation.

Degree: 2011, University of Adelaide

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/66194

► Ovulation is fundamentally crucial to the reproductive success of all mammals. Despite this fact there remain major knowledge gaps in our understanding of how the… (more)

▼ Ovulation is fundamentally crucial to the reproductive success of all mammals. Despite this fact there remain major knowledge gaps in our understanding of how the Luteinizing Hormone (LH) surge, which initiates ovulation, controls this process. There have been numerous theories regarding this phenomenon, yet the underlying mechanisms involved remain relatively unknown. In this thesis I sought to elucidate mechanisms involved in ovulation, with a particular focus on the role played by the expanded cumulus oocyte complex (COC). Specifically, I investigate whether the cumulus cells and their associated matrix following expansion could contribute actively to its own extrusion from the ovarian follicle during ovulation. I developed a novel hypothesis whereby the cumulus cells transition to an adhesive, motile and invasive cell phenotype in response to an ovulatory stimulus, hCG an analog of LH. I investigate whether the cumulus cells from expanded COCs are capable of cell adhesion to various extracellular matrices found in the follicle wall, and whether this is dependent upon hormonal stimulation by comparison to cumulus cells from unexpanded COCs, not receiving such stimulation. Further, I investigate whether the cumulus oocyte complex is capable of transitioning to a migratory cell phenotype. I tested this with established methods used in the study of cancer cell metastasis. I determine whether this phenotype is firstly dependent on an ovulatory stimulus, and whether it is cumulus cell specific. I attempt to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved by investigating expression of the well-characterised CD44 cell migration pathway in COCs, during an ovulation time-course. I then use specific antagonists to this pathway, to inhibit cell migration. The final step in our hypothesis involves the investigation of the invasive capacity of the expanded COC. I analyse whether the expanded COCs are capable of degrading an extracellular matrix barrier during migration assays, and I compare this ability to characterised invasive and non-invasive breast cancer cell lines. I also investigate possible mechanisms involved in the invasive phenotype by inhibiting the matrix metalloprotease system, proposed to play an important role in the degradation of the follicle wall during follicle rupture, and by examining the Adamts1 null mouse, as Adamts1 is a protease shown to be crucial during ovulation. This thesis demonstrates novel and exciting properties of the cumulus oocyte complex during ovulation; offering new insight into our understanding of this complex process. It shows that the oocyte and its surrounding cumulus cells are not merely a passive entity, as previously thought, but rather may play an active role during this vital reproductive process. Advisors/Committee Members: Robker, Rebecca Louise (advisor), Russell, Darryl Lyndon (advisor), School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health (school).

Subjects/Keywords: ovulation; cumulus oocyte complex (COC); cell migration; cell adhesion; cell invasion; CD44

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Alvino, E. R. (2011). The role of the cumulus oocyte complex during ovulation. (Thesis). University of Adelaide. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2440/66194

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Alvino, Emily Renee. “The role of the cumulus oocyte complex during ovulation.” 2011. Thesis, University of Adelaide. Accessed January 20, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/66194.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Alvino, Emily Renee. “The role of the cumulus oocyte complex during ovulation.” 2011. Web. 20 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Alvino ER. The role of the cumulus oocyte complex during ovulation. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2011. [cited 2020 Jan 20]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/66194.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Alvino ER. The role of the cumulus oocyte complex during ovulation. [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/66194

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Adelaide

16. Bakos, Hassan. The effect of paternal obesity on sperm function, embryo development and subsequent pregnancy outcomes.

Degree: 2010, University of Adelaide

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/69215

► Obesity and its health consequences are an increasing health burden for Australian society, with more than seven million adults in Australia being overweight or obese.… (more)

▼ Obesity and its health consequences are an increasing health burden for Australian society, with more than seven million adults in Australia being overweight or obese. According to the Burden of Disease and Injury in Australia (BoD) study, high body mass was responsible for 7.5% of the total burden of disease and injury and is increasing. It is now clear that maternal obesity reduces fertility, in part through actions on the egg, which affect the health of the resultant pregnancy. However, the potential role of male obesity in infertility has been essentially ignored. This is surprising, as the male gamete contributes half of the genetic material of the embryo. Further-more, sperm function constitutes the single most common cause of infertility. Therefore, factors influencing the health of the sperm and the underlying mechanisms behind any pathology are paramount. The overall aim of this thesis was to determine the relationship between paternal obesity and male fertility. A novel and unique animal model was developed to elucidate the effects of paternal obesity on embryo development and pregnancy. Results showed that paternal obesity has negative effects on both sperm quality as well as embryo development and quality. To confirm the results seen in the mouse, the pregnancy and live birth outcomes of a large cohort of patients undergoing assisted reproductive technology were assessed in relation to male obesity. Confirming the results observed in the mouse, it was clearly demonstrated that both sperm function parameters as well as embryo development were significantly reduced where the male partner is obese. This observation was evident after controlling for important factors such as maternal and paternal age as well as maternal body mass index (BMI). Furthermore, clinical pregnancy rates were reduced, miscarriage rates increased and live birth rates were reduced. Moreover, analysis revealed that as paternal BMI increased, both seminal plasma glucose as well as insulin levels also increased, implicating the role of glucose, in particular, as detrimental to sperm function. To further elucidate the metabolic markers involved, additional in-vitro studies were conducted whereby factors such as elevated glucose were shown to negatively affect sperm quality in vitro with elevated reactive oxygen species levels and DNA damage observed. These results are consistent with the effects seen on obese men and mice. In summary, the current studies have shed some light on some longstanding questions regarding the effects of paternal obesity on fertility. Additional questions have been raised as to further understanding the mechanisms behind these effects (and their potential reversibility). This thesis has shed some much-needed light on a major knowledge gap in men's heath and will undoubtedly stimulate further interest in this very important area of applied science and medicine. Advisors/Committee Members: Lane, Michelle Therese (advisor), Setchell, Brian Peter (advisor), School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health (school).

Subjects/Keywords: sperm; embryo; pregnancy; obesity and metabolism

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Bakos, H. (2010). The effect of paternal obesity on sperm function, embryo development and subsequent pregnancy outcomes. (Thesis). University of Adelaide. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2440/69215

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bakos, Hassan. “The effect of paternal obesity on sperm function, embryo development and subsequent pregnancy outcomes.” 2010. Thesis, University of Adelaide. Accessed January 20, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/69215.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bakos, Hassan. “The effect of paternal obesity on sperm function, embryo development and subsequent pregnancy outcomes.” 2010. Web. 20 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Bakos H. The effect of paternal obesity on sperm function, embryo development and subsequent pregnancy outcomes. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2010. [cited 2020 Jan 20]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/69215.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Bakos H. The effect of paternal obesity on sperm function, embryo development and subsequent pregnancy outcomes. [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/69215

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Adelaide

17. Cyna, Allan Michael. The HATCh Trial: hypnosis antenatal training for childbirth.

Degree: 2011, University of Adelaide

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/69216

► The evidence appeared to suggest that the use of hypnosis in childbirth: decreases analgesia requirements during labour; decreases oxytocin requirements during labour and, increases the… (more)

▼ The evidence appeared to suggest that the use of hypnosis in childbirth: decreases analgesia requirements during labour; decreases oxytocin requirements during labour and, increases the incidence of spontaneous vaginal birth. A research gap was identified that the Hypnosis Antenatal Training for Childbirth (HATCh) Trial was designed to fill. The HATCh Trial was a comprehensive, high-quality, randomised trial that included 448 pregnant women in late pregnancy. It was designed to assess the efficacy of a short, three-session, standardised hypnosis intervention in late pregnancy. The HATCh study findings show that, unlike in all but one previous study, this hypnosis intervention in the third trimester was ineffective in reducing analgesia requirements during childbirth. The increased incidence of induction required in hypnosis groups when compared with controls was unexpected and suggests that hypnosis may have an effect in the non-pharmacological inhibition of spontaneous labour. Subgroup analysis suggested that hypnosis may reduce analgesia requirements when supplemented by yoga. The addition of the HATCh Trial results has substantially increased the heterogeneity of the systematic review. Systematic review sub-group analyses, according to the timing of the hypnosis training during pregnancy, suggest that training in the third trimester is ineffective in reducing analgesia requirements during labour and childbirth. However hypnosis training commencing early in pregnancy, either in the first or second trimester, may decrease pharmacological analgesia use during childbirth. Further research is required to investigate why hypnosis might inhibit the spontaneous onset of labour and how this effect might be negated, minimised or utilised. Further research is also required to investigate the optimal timing to commence antenatal hypnosis training, the number of sessions and the types of suggestions that might be most effective. Yoga may be a useful adjunct to the hypnosis intervention and should be researched further as a sole technique and together with antenatal hypnosis training during pregnancy. There is a clear need for high quality trials where hypnosis training occurs before the 3rd trimester. Ideally, training after the 3rd trimester should be compared with antenatal hypnosis training before the 3rd trimester. Advisors/Committee Members: Crowther, Caroline Anne (advisor), Robinson, Jeffrey Samuel (advisor), School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health (school).

Subjects/Keywords: childbirth; hypnosis; analgesia

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Cyna, A. M. (2011). The HATCh Trial: hypnosis antenatal training for childbirth. (Thesis). University of Adelaide. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2440/69216

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cyna, Allan Michael. “The HATCh Trial: hypnosis antenatal training for childbirth.” 2011. Thesis, University of Adelaide. Accessed January 20, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/69216.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cyna, Allan Michael. “The HATCh Trial: hypnosis antenatal training for childbirth.” 2011. Web. 20 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Cyna AM. The HATCh Trial: hypnosis antenatal training for childbirth. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2011. [cited 2020 Jan 20]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/69216.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Cyna AM. The HATCh Trial: hypnosis antenatal training for childbirth. [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/69216

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Adelaide

18. Fan, Chiaming. Prevention of methotrexate chemotherapy-induced bone growth arrest and osteoporosis with folinic acid.

Degree: 2011, University of Adelaide

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/69314

► During childhood and adolescence, bone continues to lengthen through endochondral ossification, which occurs within the growth plate and the adjacent metaphysis. As the production of… (more)

▼ During childhood and adolescence, bone continues to lengthen through endochondral ossification, which occurs within the growth plate and the adjacent metaphysis. As the production of calcified cartilage scaffold for bone deposition relies on the regulation of growth plate chondrocyte activities, any disruption to this carefully controlled process will result in bone growth defects. Methotrexate (MTX), an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase and DNA synthesis, is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent in childhood oncology, and has been shown to induce bone growth defects in paediatric cancer patients and in short-term experimental young rats. Moreover, current knowledge on substances available to preserve bone growth during chemotherapy of childhood malignancies is limited. Previous animal studies have shown the short-term damaging effects of MTX on bone, and revealed that short-term MTX treatment in young rats can cause growth plate structural damages via suppression of chondrocyte proliferation and induction of chondrocyte apoptosis, which lead to metaphyseal bone loss. However, the underlying mechanisms for the structural and cellular damages remain unknown, particularly in the chronic treatment setting. Therefore, this PhD study, using chronic rat chemotherapy models, firstly aimed to compare and examine the damaging effects of low-dose vs. high-dose MTX on the skeleton and marrow progenitor cells of young rats. This was followed by mechanistic studies using immunostaining and real time RT-PCR with specimens from a chronic high-dose MTX chemotherapy trial, to identify underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms for MTX-induced growth plate and metaphyseal damages. In addition, this study also focused on the potential protective effects of supplementary anti-dote folinic acid (FA) against chronic MTX-induced skeletal damages. This study revealed chronic low-dose MTX treatment resulted in no damaging effects in the growth plate and nor significant suppression in primary spongiosa heights at the metaphysis. However, both short-term and chronic high-dose MTX treatment caused severe growth plate and metaphyseal damages. These results suggest MTXinduced skeletal toxicity in growing long bones is dose-dependent. Mechanistic studies using a chronic high-dose MTX chemotherapy model revealed that chronic MTX chemotherapy can result in severe structural and cellular damages at the growth plate. MTX was able to induce chondrocyte apoptosis, which was confirmed by real time RT-PCR analysis showing up-regulation of the apoptotic molecules. In addition, more cartilage resorptive cells “chondroclasts” were found along the cartilage-bone transitional zone after MTX treatment, which could affect the conversion of growth plate cartilage template into bone. In the metaphysis, MTX significantly reduced bone volume by inducing osteoblast apoptosis, adipocyte and osteoclast formation. However, molecular analysis within bone samples revealed no significant changes for molecules involved in bone cell differentiation, suggesting… Advisors/Committee Members: Xian, Cory J. (advisor), Foster, Bruce Kristian (advisor), School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health (school).

Subjects/Keywords: methotrexate; chemotherapy; folinic acid; bone growth; growth plate; bone loss

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Fan, C. (2011). Prevention of methotrexate chemotherapy-induced bone growth arrest and osteoporosis with folinic acid. (Thesis). University of Adelaide. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2440/69314

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fan, Chiaming. “Prevention of methotrexate chemotherapy-induced bone growth arrest and osteoporosis with folinic acid.” 2011. Thesis, University of Adelaide. Accessed January 20, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/69314.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fan, Chiaming. “Prevention of methotrexate chemotherapy-induced bone growth arrest and osteoporosis with folinic acid.” 2011. Web. 20 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Fan C. Prevention of methotrexate chemotherapy-induced bone growth arrest and osteoporosis with folinic acid. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2011. [cited 2020 Jan 20]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/69314.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Fan C. Prevention of methotrexate chemotherapy-induced bone growth arrest and osteoporosis with folinic acid. [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/69314

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Adelaide

19. Kopecki, Zlatko. Effect of Flightless protein on skin architecture, cellular responses and Epidermolysis Bullosa.

Degree: 2011, University of Adelaide

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/69704

► Wound healing is an area of largely unmet medical need with patients often relying on wound management practice rather than specific therapies. Recent research in… (more)

▼ Wound healing is an area of largely unmet medical need with patients often relying on wound management practice rather than specific therapies. Recent research in our laboratory has identified a cytoskeletal protein Flightless (Flii) as a negative regulator of wound healing. This highly conserved protein is important in development and has a unique structure allowing it to act as a multifunctional protein. Flii expression increases in response to wounding, inhibiting cellular migration and proliferation while its deficiency improves wound healing. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of differential Flii expression on skin architecture, cellular responses during wound healing, adhesionmediated cell signaling and skin blistering associated with the genetic skin disorder Epidermolysis Bullosa (EB). Chapter 3 of this thesis describes the effect of differential Flii expression on skin architecture and formation of hemidesmosomes which anchor the skin layers. Using primary fibroblasts and keratinocytes with varying Flii expression this study investigated the effect of Flii expression on cellular adhesion, spreading and migration on different extracellular matrix substrates. The results presented in Chapter 3 also describe the effect of Flii neutralising antibodies on primary keratinocyte proliferation illustrating improved proliferation in response to decreased Flii expression. In Chapter 4 an incisional wound healing model was used to investigate the effect of differential Flii expression on different components of hemidesmosomes. Flightless was shown to regulate hemidesmosome formation through its effects on integrin-mediated cellular adhesion and migration. Using immunoprecipitation studies, Flii association with structural and signaling proteins present at the dermal-epidermal junction was investigated. Flii was found to form a cytoskeletal complex with talin, vinculin and paxillin suggesting its role in downstream signaling. The association of Flii with paxillin was further investigated in Chapter 5 where the effect of Flii over-expression on fibroblast adhesion and formation of adhesion structures was examined. Flii over-expression inhibited paxillin activation and the turnover of adhesion structures through down regulation of signaling proteins involved in cell adhesion signaling pathways. Chapter 6 of this thesis summarises the effect of Flii in skin blistering by utilizing both human samples and two mouse models of Epidermolysis Bullosa. Flii expression is significantly increased in response to skin blistering and its effects on integrin mediated cellular adhesion, migration and type VII collagen expression make Flii a negative contributor to blister formation. Decreasing Flii expression genetically or using neutralizing antibodies reduces skin blistering, improves cellular adhesion and decreases TGF-β mediated collagen contraction. In summary, Flii adversely affects skin strength and blister formation. Using a multidi-mensional approach of both in vitro and in vivo methodologies, human tissue and… Advisors/Committee Members: Cowin, Allison June (advisor), Powell, Barry Crampton (advisor), School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health (school).

Subjects/Keywords: wound healing; actin cytoskeleton; flightless protein; epidermolysis bullosa

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Kopecki, Z. (2011). Effect of Flightless protein on skin architecture, cellular responses and Epidermolysis Bullosa. (Thesis). University of Adelaide. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2440/69704

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kopecki, Zlatko. “Effect of Flightless protein on skin architecture, cellular responses and Epidermolysis Bullosa.” 2011. Thesis, University of Adelaide. Accessed January 20, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/69704.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kopecki, Zlatko. “Effect of Flightless protein on skin architecture, cellular responses and Epidermolysis Bullosa.” 2011. Web. 20 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Kopecki Z. Effect of Flightless protein on skin architecture, cellular responses and Epidermolysis Bullosa. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2011. [cited 2020 Jan 20]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/69704.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kopecki Z. Effect of Flightless protein on skin architecture, cellular responses and Epidermolysis Bullosa. [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/69704

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Adelaide

20. Wong, Edward Sern Yuen. Gene therapy for methylmalonic aciduria.

Degree: 2012, University of Adelaide

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/80601

► Methylmalonic aciduria (MMAuria) most commonly results from a deficiency of methylmalonyl coenzyme A mutase (MCM). Current treatments for MMAuria remain unsatisfactory and research on novel… (more)

▼ Methylmalonic aciduria (MMAuria) most commonly results from a deficiency of methylmalonyl coenzyme A mutase (MCM). Current treatments for MMAuria remain unsatisfactory and research on novel therapies remains a high priority. A lentiviral (LV) vector was developed to treat in vitro and in vivo models of MMAuria. The overall aim of this project was to examine the therapeutic effect of a LV vector that expresses human MCM transgene in MCM knockout fibroblasts and a MMA affected, mut -/- muth2, murine model. In the first study, a self-inactivating LV vector that expressed human MCM, HIV- 1SDmEF1αhMCM, was constructed and transduced into MCM knockout fibroblasts. Normal cells and untransduced MCM knockout fibroblasts served as controls. Real-time PCR showed a high level of vector copy number, 8 ± 2 copies/cell in LV-treated MCM-knockout fibroblasts, resulting in correction of both the MCM enzyme activity and propionate metabolism in MCM-knockout fibroblasts. The HIV-1SDmEF1αhMCM was then delivered intravenously into mut -/- muth2 mice (n=2). Untreated mut -/- muth2 mice (n=2) and normal mice (n=5) were used as controls. Vector was detected at a copy number of 0.19 ± 0.04 copies/cell in liver. Nevertheless, the MCM enzyme analysis showed only a modest restoration of enzyme activity in the treated mice, resulting in a mild reduction of plasma and urine MMA levels in the treated animals. These data suggest success in targeting the liver with the intravenous gene delivery approach. Nevertheless, it was required to improve the human MCM transgene expression in order to enhance the level of restoration of MCM enzyme activity to further reduce the MMA levels. In the second study, a LV vector that expresses a codon-optimised human MCM transgene, HIV-1SDmEF1αmurSigHutMCM, was produced and transduced into MCM-knockout fibroblasts. High levels of vector, 20 ± 0.8 copies/cell, were detected in LV-treated MCM- knockout fibroblasts. Western blot analysis and MCM enzyme activity analysis by HPLC demonstrated a high level of MCM expression in the treated fibroblasts, resulting in the correction of MCM enzyme activity, with the formation of a significant level of succinyl coenzyme A (179 ± 19 nM/min/μg of total cell protein). The HIV-1SDmEF1αmurSigHutMCM was then injected intravenously into mut -/- muth2 mice (n=5). Untreated mut -/- muth2 (n=6) and normal mice (n=6) were used as controls. The HIV-1SDmEF1αmurSigHutMCM-treated mice achieved near-normal weight for sex. The western blot analysis demonstrated significant MCM enzyme expression in the liver of treated mice, with the measurement of high level of enzyme activity (66 ± 21 nM/min/μg of total cell protein). Biochemical analyses demonstrated that the normalization of MCM enzyme activity in the treated group was associated with a reduction in plasma and urine MMA levels. Furthermore, that a significantly lower MMA concentration, 133± 20 μM/g tissue, was measured in the liver compared to the untreated mice, 1003 ± 124 μM/g tissue. These results confirm that HIV-1SDmEF1αmurSigHutMCM… Advisors/Committee Members: Fletcher, Janice M. (advisor), Anson, Donald Stewart (advisor), School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health (school).

Subjects/Keywords: methylmalonic aciduria; methylmalonic acid; gene therapy; lentivirus; methylmalonyl coenzyme A mutase; Adenosylcobalamin

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wong, E. S. Y. (2012). Gene therapy for methylmalonic aciduria. (Thesis). University of Adelaide. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2440/80601

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wong, Edward Sern Yuen. “Gene therapy for methylmalonic aciduria.” 2012. Thesis, University of Adelaide. Accessed January 20, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/80601.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wong, Edward Sern Yuen. “Gene therapy for methylmalonic aciduria.” 2012. Web. 20 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Wong ESY. Gene therapy for methylmalonic aciduria. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2012. [cited 2020 Jan 20]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/80601.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wong ESY. Gene therapy for methylmalonic aciduria. [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/80601

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Adelaide

21. Grivell, Rosalie Mignon. The fetal growth study : a prospective cohort study of fetal growth and body composition in overweight and obese pregnant women.

Degree: 2012, University of Adelaide

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/83522

► Background Maternal overweight and obesity pose significant risks both for the woman and her infant, including high infant birthweight. Gestational weight gain may also be… (more)

▼ Background Maternal overweight and obesity pose significant risks both for the woman and her infant, including high infant birthweight. Gestational weight gain may also be an important factor in determining pregnancy outcomes. The effect of high maternal BMI and gestational weight gain on fetal growth and fetal body composition with reference to population standards has not been well described to date. Aims The aim of The Fetal Growth Study was to describe fetal growth and body composition prospectively in a large group of overweight and obese women during pregnancy and to examine the influence of maternal BMI and gestational weight gain on these measures. Methods Fetal biometric growth measures (biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur length and estimated fetal weight) and fetal body composition (mid thigh lean and fat mass, abdominal fat mass and subscapular fat mass) were assessed prospectively using ultrasound at 28 and 36 weeks’ gestation. Important maternal and fetal outcomes were collected including gestational weight gain and infant birthweight. Results The findings of The Fetal Growth Study indicate that maternal overweight and obesity is significantly associated with increased fetal growth, an effect that is evident from 20 weeks’ gestation when compared with published normal values. Additionally, when compared with population standards, the relative contributions of head and abdominal growth change throughout pregnancy with abdominal growth dominating in the second trimester and head growth in the third trimester. Both maternal BMI category and gestational weight gain contribute to increased measures of fetal growth, predominantly through a modification of abdominal and overall growth. Gestational weight gain above current recommendations was associated with further increases in abdominal and overall growth. Maternal overweight and obesity is associated with a significant increase in fetal measures of both lean and fat mass. At 28 and 36 weeks, AC and EFW growth were associated with birthweight above 4500g, whilst HC was associated with birthweight above 4000g but not 4500g. Furthermore, EFW, head and abdominal growth were associated with mode of birth, with measures above the 90th percentile increasing the likelihood of caesarean section for women. The only predictor of clinical outcomes with a moderately useful positive likelihood ratio was fetal AC above the 90th percentile at 28 weeks (LR+ 6.56 for birthweight above 4500g, LR- 0.37). Conclusions Maternal overweight or obesity and gestational weight gain above recommended ranges influence fetal growth and fetal body composition from mid pregnancy. Gestational weight gain above current recommended ranges is associated with a further increase in measures of fetal growth and fetal fat mass. In women who are overweight or obese, growth above the 90th percentile in the third trimester is associated with high infant birthweight and an increased likelihood of caesarean section. Further research from ongoing prospective… Advisors/Committee Members: Dodd, Jodie Michele (advisor), Crowther, Caroline Anne (advisor), School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health (school).

Subjects/Keywords: pregnancy; fetal growth; overweight; obesity

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Grivell, R. M. (2012). The fetal growth study : a prospective cohort study of fetal growth and body composition in overweight and obese pregnant women. (Thesis). University of Adelaide. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2440/83522

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Grivell, Rosalie Mignon. “The fetal growth study : a prospective cohort study of fetal growth and body composition in overweight and obese pregnant women.” 2012. Thesis, University of Adelaide. Accessed January 20, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/83522.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Grivell, Rosalie Mignon. “The fetal growth study : a prospective cohort study of fetal growth and body composition in overweight and obese pregnant women.” 2012. Web. 20 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Grivell RM. The fetal growth study : a prospective cohort study of fetal growth and body composition in overweight and obese pregnant women. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2012. [cited 2020 Jan 20]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/83522.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Grivell RM. The fetal growth study : a prospective cohort study of fetal growth and body composition in overweight and obese pregnant women. [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/83522

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Adelaide

22. Schelbach, Cheryl J. An investigation into the effect of glucosamine on reproductive outcomes in the mouse.

Degree: 2012, University of Adelaide

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/83569

► It is well established that conditions experienced in utero by the developing fetus can elicit permanent effects on the post natal period. Although not as… (more)

▼ It is well established that conditions experienced in utero by the developing fetus can elicit permanent effects on the post natal period. Although not as well understood, a growing body of research also suggests that this can also occur in response to peri-conceptional insult. Glucosamine (GlcN) is a popular dietary supplement that is also used experimentally as a hyperglycaemic mimetic. The work contained in this thesis tests the hypothesis that pre and peri-conceptional exposure to GlcN has adverse effects on reproductive outcomes in the mouse. Preliminary experiments (Chapter 2) confirmed that the inclusion of GlcN into the in vitro maturation (IVM) media used for mouse cumulus oocyte complex (COC) maturation, reduced oocyte developmental potential. Subsequent experiments (Chapter 3) demonstrated that the inhibition of O-linked glycosylation of unknown proteins reversed the effects of GlcN. It was also shown that GlcN exposure during IVM altered Pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) activity within the oocyte. As predicted, preliminary in vivo experiments performed in Chapter 4 showed that maternal, peri-conceptional GlcN administration compromised fetal development. This was seen by a decreased mean implantation rate and litter size as well as an increase in the proportion of fetal resorptions on gestational day 18 (d18), and provided the impetus to examine the in vivo effects of GlcN exposure more carefully. It was subsequently hypothesized that these adverse effects would be heightened if given to mice with overweight-induced metabolic pathologies. In contrast to Chapter 4 outcomes, GlcN elicited no effects on d18 implantation, resorption or litter size parameters, but did reduce fetal weight. Furthermore, birth defects were higher in mice given GlcN and maintained on a low fat (LF) diet. An additional cohort of mice was allowed to give birth, and offspring were assessed for 16 weeks. There was an unexpectedly high death rate in the offspring of mice maintained on a high fat (HF) diet but not given GlcN, therefore preventing optimally controlled post natal analyses to occur. Of the remaining mice, a number of physiological differences were detected within GlcN-exposed groups. Since the principle difference between mice in Chapters 4 and 5 was maternal age, an addition experiment investigating the effects of peri-conceptional GlcN exposure in 8 week and 16 week old mice was undertaken (Chapter 6). Consistent with previous results, GlcN treatment reduced mean implantation rate and litter size only in 8 week old mice and reduced fetal weigh and length solely in 16 week old mice. Increased birth defects were also detected in the HF group given GlcN. Collectively these results provide important insights into the importance of optimal conditions during the peri-conceptional period to facilitate successful subsequent development. They also provide evidence that GlcN is a simple but effective tool that can be used to further elucidate the impact of hyperglycaemic exposure during the early developmental period. This is of… Advisors/Committee Members: Thompson, Jeremy Gilbert E. (advisor), Kind, Karen Lee (advisor), School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health (school).

Subjects/Keywords: glucosamine; COC; embryo; high fat diet; hyperglycaemia; glucose; HBP; PPP; mouse; IVM; embryo culture; peri-conceptional; reproductive outcomes

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Schelbach, C. J. (2012). An investigation into the effect of glucosamine on reproductive outcomes in the mouse. (Thesis). University of Adelaide. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2440/83569

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Schelbach, Cheryl J. “An investigation into the effect of glucosamine on reproductive outcomes in the mouse.” 2012. Thesis, University of Adelaide. Accessed January 20, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/83569.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Schelbach, Cheryl J. “An investigation into the effect of glucosamine on reproductive outcomes in the mouse.” 2012. Web. 20 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Schelbach CJ. An investigation into the effect of glucosamine on reproductive outcomes in the mouse. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2012. [cited 2020 Jan 20]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/83569.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Schelbach CJ. An investigation into the effect of glucosamine on reproductive outcomes in the mouse. [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/83569

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Adelaide

23. McInnes, Natasha Jacqueline. A tumour suppressor role for FOXP3 and FOXP3-regulated microRNAs in breast cancer cells.

Degree: 2013, University of Adelaide

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/83609

► During their lifetime, 1 in 9 Australian women will be diagnosed with breast cancer, a disease that arises due to mutations and epigenetic modifications to… (more)

▼ During their lifetime, 1 in 9 Australian women will be diagnosed with breast cancer, a disease that arises due to mutations and epigenetic modifications to tumour suppressor genes and cancer-promoting oncogenes. This thesis investigates the tumour suppressive role of a transcription factor called Forkhead box Protein 3 (FOXP3) in breast cancer. Little is known regarding its role in the breast and therefore identification of FOXP3-sensitive pathways has the potential to highlight novel targets for breast cancer diagnosis and therapy. FOXP3 is a “master regulator‟ in immunosuppressive T regulatory cells, where it is essential for both cell development and function. It was previously thought that FOXP3 expression was restricted to these immune cells, however recent studies have identified FOXP3 expression in breast epithelia, where it has potential tumour suppressor properties. FOXP3 is mutated or has reduced expression in a significant proportion of human breast cancer samples, and loss of FOXP3 has been linked to increased mammary tumour formation in animal models. Few targets of FOXP3 in the breast have been identified, but it is known to directly repress the HER2 and SKP2 oncogenes while maintaining expression of the p21 tumour suppressor gene. A number of groups have shown that in T regulatory cells, FOXP3 regulates a number of small, non-coding RNAs called microRNAs (miRs). Importantly, many studies have reported extensive microRNA deregulation in human diseases, including breast cancer, and it was therefore hypothesised that similar regulation of miRs by FOXP3 occurs in breast epithelia. This thesis describes how FOXP3 induces two microRNAs, miR-7 and miR-155, in breast epithelial cells, with these miRs contributing to FOXP3-mediated tumour suppressive activity. One way this is achieved is through co-operation with FOXP3 in a feed-forward regulatory loop to suppress an oncogene called SATB1. SATB1 is highly overexpressed in late-stage breast cancers and promotes metastasis, the final and most fatal stage of breast cancer. This work has established that the SATB1 promoter is a direct target for FOXP3 repression and that miR-7 and miR-155 target the 3'UTR of SATB1 for further suppression. Re-introduction of FOXP3 into breast cancer cells using lentiviral technology results in reduced cell proliferation and invasion potential, supporting a role for FOXP3 as a tumour suppressor. To further understand the physiological importance of FOXP3 loss in cancer development, this work also investigated the role of FOXP3 in normal and immortalised breast epithelial cells, with results suggesting that FOXP3 expression prevents the acquisition of a cancerous phenotype. One way that it may achieve this is by maintaining elevated levels of miR-7 and miR-155. After further investigation, it was found that FOXP3 and miR-7 both have the potential to reduce epidermal growth factor receptor signalling and reduce resistance to apoptosis. In summary, this work describes a role for FOXP3 and the FOXP3-regulated microRNAs miR-7 and… Advisors/Committee Members: Barry, Simon Charles (advisor), McColl, Shaun Reuss (advisor), School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health (school).

Subjects/Keywords: FOXP3; microRNA; breast cancer; SATB1; gene regulation networks; tumour suppressor

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

McInnes, N. J. (2013). A tumour suppressor role for FOXP3 and FOXP3-regulated microRNAs in breast cancer cells. (Thesis). University of Adelaide. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2440/83609

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

McInnes, Natasha Jacqueline. “A tumour suppressor role for FOXP3 and FOXP3-regulated microRNAs in breast cancer cells.” 2013. Thesis, University of Adelaide. Accessed January 20, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/83609.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

McInnes, Natasha Jacqueline. “A tumour suppressor role for FOXP3 and FOXP3-regulated microRNAs in breast cancer cells.” 2013. Web. 20 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

McInnes NJ. A tumour suppressor role for FOXP3 and FOXP3-regulated microRNAs in breast cancer cells. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2013. [cited 2020 Jan 20]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/83609.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

McInnes NJ. A tumour suppressor role for FOXP3 and FOXP3-regulated microRNAs in breast cancer cells. [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/83609

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Adelaide

24. Smits, Robert J.C. The functional role and requirement for long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in breeding gilts and sows.

Degree: 2012, University of Adelaide

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/83610

► The potential for supplemented omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to increase sow reproductive performance when supplied from isocaloric diets containing low levels (3 – 6… (more)

▼ The potential for supplemented omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to increase sow reproductive performance when supplied from isocaloric diets containing low levels (3 – 6 g/kg of diet) of fish oil as a partial replacement for tallow was investigated. In the first experiment, there was an increase of 1 piglet live born (P < 0.05) to sows at the subsequent parity fed a supplemented diet before farrowing and during lactation. In contrast, litter size was unaffected when gilts were fed a supplemented diet with fish oil during puberty and early pregnancy. Furthermore in gilts, increasing the duration or level of supplementation did not improve litter size or embryo survival, possibly due to their inherently high level of fertility (82% embryo survival). In subsequent experiments, the effect of omega-3 supplementation on reproduction was evaluated in older parity sows known to have an inherently lower level of fertility compared with gilts. In parity 4 – 7 sows fed a supplemented diet prefarrowing and during lactation continuing to mating, embryo survival at 23 d was increased (Omega-3 70% vs 61% in Controls; P =0.054), without affecting ovulation rate. Subsequent experiments examined the response when supplemented diets were fed either during lactation continuing to mating; or after mating and during early gestation; or across both periods from lactation through to early gestation. Litter size born was maximised in the subsequent parity in sows fed fish oil diets from lactation to early gestation for 28 d, with the response being greatest in higher parity sows (+0.7 live born; and +0.9 total born, P < 0.05). In the following experiment this increases was associated with a 19% increase in embryo survival with omega-3 supplementation (P = 0.061). There was no effect on live weight or backfat during lactation; litter weight gain; piglet wean weight; and sow intake when gilts or sows were fed supplemented diets. The increase in embryo survival and litter size consistently observed in the sow studies was associated with increases in the omega- 3 PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and were independent of energy intake or energy metabolism. Partially replacing tallow (wt/wt) with 3 – 6 kg levels of fish oil did not change plasma levels of the essential omega-6 fatty acids, linoleic acid (LIN) and arachidonic acid (ARA). Using in-vitro cultures of granulosa cells it was demonstrated that progesterone production is increased with prostaglandin E3 and there was evidence for PGE₃ to enhance the steroidogenic response to PGE₂. It is proposed that specific long-chain omega-3 fatty acids increases embryo survival in older sows due to improved oocyte quality and/or embryo development, possibly through synergistic activities of PGE₂ and PGE₃ on progesterone levels in the local ovarian- uterine circulation. Supplementation of diets with EPA and DHA from fish oil offers pig producers a nutritional approach to improve sow litter size in older parities thereby increasing longevity and lifetime… Advisors/Committee Members: Nottle, Mark Brenton (advisor), Mitchell, Megan (advisor), School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health (school).

Subjects/Keywords: pigs; reproduction; omega-3; PUFA

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Smits, R. J. C. (2012). The functional role and requirement for long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in breeding gilts and sows. (Thesis). University of Adelaide. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2440/83610

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Smits, Robert J C. “The functional role and requirement for long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in breeding gilts and sows.” 2012. Thesis, University of Adelaide. Accessed January 20, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/83610.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Smits, Robert J C. “The functional role and requirement for long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in breeding gilts and sows.” 2012. Web. 20 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Smits RJC. The functional role and requirement for long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in breeding gilts and sows. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2012. [cited 2020 Jan 20]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/83610.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Smits RJC. The functional role and requirement for long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in breeding gilts and sows. [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/83610

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Adelaide

25. Smith, Ashleigh Elizabeth. Age related changes in corticomotor and intracortical excitability in men.

Degree: 2012, University of Adelaide

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/84533

► Age-related motor deficits manifest in many ways including slowing of movement, increased unwanted movements and difficulties learning new motor tasks. Despite this decline in “motor”… (more)

▼ Age-related motor deficits manifest in many ways including slowing of movement, increased unwanted movements and difficulties learning new motor tasks. Despite this decline in “motor” brain function, the physiological mechanisms underlying these changes are largely unknown. One brain region innately involved in the control of voluntary movement is the human primary motor cortex. The mono-synaptic corticospinal output cells projecting from the primary motor cortex to the periphery, as well as the intra-cortical excitatory and inhibitory interneurons that synapse onto the corticospinal output neurons are important for facilitating voluntary movement. Whether or not the efficacy of these neuronal pathways is altered with advancing age has not previously been investigated in depth. Therefore, the overall aim of the studies described in this thesis was to characterise the changes in corticomotor and intracortical inhibitory network excitability that occur with ageing in otherwise neurologically healthy human males. Previous studies have provided some limited evidence of age-related changes in corticomotor excitability in humans. However interpretation of these data is complicated by the fact that all the studies were performed on both men and women; there is increasing evidence that post-menopausal loss of neuroactive estrogen in women alters cortical excitability and may have confounded the findings of previous studies where sex-specific changes have not been considered. Therefore in chapter 2 I investigated whether corticomotor excitability differed when a group of ageing men was compared with a group of young adult men. I found that corticomotor excitability was not influenced by age in either hemisphere, suggesting that in men aged less than 75 years, the efficacy of the corticomotor projection is preserved when examined in the absence of voluntary activation. The excitability of the corticospinal output neurons is highly influenced by the net balance of excitatory and inhibitory inputs onto them by cortical interneurons. In the absence of voluntary activation, the excitability of the intracortical inhibitory networks is high. This so-called intracortical inhibition is principally mediated by the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at different classes of GABA receptors, probably on different neuronal populations. The two main GABA receptor types mediating motor intracortical inhibition are GABA receptor type A (GABAA[A in subscript]) and GABA receptor type B (GABAB[B in subscript]). Studies using paired pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) techniques to examine these different types of inhibition in the motor cortex have shown that inhibition mediated by GABAA[A in subscript] receptors tends to occur at short interstimulus intervals (1 – 5 ms) and is therefore commonly termed short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI). Conversely, motor cortex inhibition mediated by GABAB[B in subscript] receptors tends to occur at longer interstimulus intervals (100 – 200 ms) and is therefore… Advisors/Committee Members: Pitcher, Julia Blanche (advisor), Ridding, Michael Charles (advisor), School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health (school).

Subjects/Keywords: transcranial magnetic stimulation; primary motor cortex; Florey Adelaide male ageing study (FAMAS)

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Smith, A. E. (2012). Age related changes in corticomotor and intracortical excitability in men. (Thesis). University of Adelaide. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2440/84533

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Smith, Ashleigh Elizabeth. “Age related changes in corticomotor and intracortical excitability in men.” 2012. Thesis, University of Adelaide. Accessed January 20, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/84533.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Smith, Ashleigh Elizabeth. “Age related changes in corticomotor and intracortical excitability in men.” 2012. Web. 20 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Smith AE. Age related changes in corticomotor and intracortical excitability in men. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2012. [cited 2020 Jan 20]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/84533.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Smith AE. Age related changes in corticomotor and intracortical excitability in men. [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/84533

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Adelaide

26. Pantasri, Tawiwan. Ovarian follicular fluid reflects the clinical condition and oocyte cumulus homeostasis.

Degree: 2012, University of Adelaide

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/85985

► Infertility is a worldwide problem that is often overlooked. Although assisted reproductive technology has been developed over decades, many women still suffer from infertility. More… (more)

▼ Infertility is a worldwide problem that is often overlooked. Although assisted reproductive technology has been developed over decades, many women still suffer from infertility. More knowledge is needed to understand ovarian homeostasis to optimise fertility treatment. This study aimed to explore the relationship of lipids and glucose levels in blood and follicular fluid, and compare these substrates among women with normal or abnormal metabolic condition. It also sought to measure lipid content within human oocytes as well as the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress marker genes in cumulus cells, and their relationship with metabolic substances, obesity and IVF outcome. The blood, follicular fluid, cumulus cells and unfertilised oocytes from 88 women, who underwent IVF in FertilitySA from February 2011 to August 2011, were collected and analysed for glucose, lipids and endoplasmic reticulum stress markers. Follicular glucose, insulin, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and majority of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) levels correlated with the serum levels (r= 0.16-0.23). Insulin was associated with the BMI, waist circumference, metabolic syndrome and many fatty acids, but not follicular glucose. However, the immaturity rate of the retrieved oocytes correlated with the follicular glucose and total fatty acids (r = 0.19-0.26, p <0.04). Variability of the unfertilised oocyte morphology correlated with follicular glucose, and the immaturity rate also differed among the metabolic syndrome group. An increase of follicular 18:3 n-3 (alpha-linolenic) and decrease of 20:3 n-3 (eicosatrienoic acid; ETA) existed in women with a waist circumference of more than 80 cm. The follicular 20:5 n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid; EPA) percentage correlated with fertilisation and cleavage rate (r = -0.32, p = 0.003 and r = -0.35, p = 0.001). The follicular low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and HDL-C related to follicular fatty acids. Higher levels of serum LDL-C (2.31 ± 0.65 and 1.98 ± 0.61mmol/L, p 0.02) and follicular fatty acid (0.26 ± 0.09 and 0.22 ± 0.05 mmol/L, p = 0.03) were found in non-pregnant women. There was a wide variability of ER stress expression in cumulus cells among women in this study. There was no obvious correlation between ER stress markers and other measurements. The unfertilised oocyte BODIPY fluorescence intensity had high variability among women and individuals. However, the unfertilised oocyte lipid content correlated with the serum LDL-C level. Substances with a good follicular-serum relationship may be transported directly from blood to the follicle. The discorrelation might be affected by intrafollicular metabolism. Insulin may be involved in follicular lipid metabolism because it correlated with many follicular fatty acids and cholesterols. The equilibrium between follicular fatty acids involving insulin modulation may affect oocyte quality. Overall, this study found there were correlations between serum and follicular lipids, follicular insulin… Advisors/Committee Members: Norman, Robert John (advisor), Robker, Rebecca Louise (advisor), School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health (school).

Subjects/Keywords: obesity; female reproduction; glucose; lipids; follicular fluid; oocyte

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Pantasri, T. (2012). Ovarian follicular fluid reflects the clinical condition and oocyte cumulus homeostasis. (Thesis). University of Adelaide. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2440/85985

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pantasri, Tawiwan. “Ovarian follicular fluid reflects the clinical condition and oocyte cumulus homeostasis.” 2012. Thesis, University of Adelaide. Accessed January 20, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/85985.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pantasri, Tawiwan. “Ovarian follicular fluid reflects the clinical condition and oocyte cumulus homeostasis.” 2012. Web. 20 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Pantasri T. Ovarian follicular fluid reflects the clinical condition and oocyte cumulus homeostasis. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2012. [cited 2020 Jan 20]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/85985.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Pantasri T. Ovarian follicular fluid reflects the clinical condition and oocyte cumulus homeostasis. [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/85985

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Adelaide

27. Zhou, Ang. Renin angiotensin system polymorphisms and pregnancy complications.

Degree: 2012, University of Adelaide

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/86237

► Introduction: The renin angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in blood pressure regulation and salt-water homeostasis. Aberrant maternal circulating and uteroplacental RAS profiles have… (more)

▼ Introduction: The renin angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in blood pressure regulation and salt-water homeostasis. Aberrant maternal circulating and uteroplacental RAS profiles have been implicated in pregnancy complications, in particular preeclampsia. Our primary aims were to determine associations of polymorphisms in the RAS genes including renin, angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AGT1R) and type 2 receptor (AGT2R) with pregnancy complications, including preeclampsia, small for gestational age (SGA) and spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) and to identify potential gene-environment and gene-fetal sex interactions that may modify risks for these pregnancy complications. The secondary aims were to determine the association of RAS polymorphisms with maternal plasma RAS profile at 15 weeks’ gestation, maternal blood pressure at 15 weeks’ gestation and uterine and umbilical artery resistance at 20 weeks’ gestation. Methods: Healthy nulliparous women, their partners and babies (3234 trios) were recruited prospectively in Adelaide, Australia and Auckland, New Zealand. Data analyses were confined to 2121 Caucasian parent-infant trios, among which 123 had preeclampsia, 216 had SGA and 116 had sPTB. Uncomplicated pregnancies (n=1185) served as controls. DNA was genotyped by Sequenom MassARRAY. Maternal blood samples were taken at 15 weeks’ gestation and measured for plasma prorenin, ACE, angiotensin II (ANG II) and angiotensin 1-7 (ANG 1-7) concentrations. Maternal blood pressure was measured at 15 weeks’ gestation. Doppler sonography on the uterine and umbilical arteries was performed at 20 weeks’ gestation. Mean uterine or umbilical artery resistance indices (RI) above the 90th percentile were considered abnormal. Results: Maternal and neonatal ACE A11860G GG genotype was associated with elevated maternal plasma ACE concentration. Neonatal renin T/G and maternal AGT M235T were associated with maternal plasma ANG 1-7 concentration. In female-bearing pregnancies, maternal AGT1R A1166C CC genotype was associated with an increased risk for abnormal uterine artery RI, whereas in male-bearing pregnancies, the AGT M235T TT genotype in mothers and neonates was associated with an increased risk for abnormal umbilical artery RI. In the Australian SCOPE cohort, maternal ACE A11860G GG genotype was associated with an increased risk for SGA and a reduction in customized birth weight centile compared with the AA or AG genotype. Interestingly, these associations were only observed in female-bearing pregnancies and in women with socio-economic index<34 or pre-pregnancy green leafy vegetable intake<1 serve/day. Furthermore, maternal, neonatal and paternal AGT2R C4599A was associated with preeclampsia in women with BMI≥25kg/m². In the same subset of women, paternal AGT2R C4599A and paternal AGT2R A1675G were associated with uterine artery bilateral notching. Finally, no significant associations, gene-environment interactions or gene-fetal sex interactions were found for… Advisors/Committee Members: Roberts, Claire Trelford (advisor), Dekker, Gustaaf Albert (advisor), School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health (school).

Subjects/Keywords: renin angiotensin system; polymorphisms; gene-environment interaction; gene-fetal sex interaction; preeclampsia; small for gestational age

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APA (6^th Edition):

Zhou, A. (2012). Renin angiotensin system polymorphisms and pregnancy complications. (Thesis). University of Adelaide. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2440/86237

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zhou, Ang. “Renin angiotensin system polymorphisms and pregnancy complications.” 2012. Thesis, University of Adelaide. Accessed January 20, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/86237.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zhou, Ang. “Renin angiotensin system polymorphisms and pregnancy complications.” 2012. Web. 20 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Zhou A. Renin angiotensin system polymorphisms and pregnancy complications. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2012. [cited 2020 Jan 20]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/86237.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Zhou A. Renin angiotensin system polymorphisms and pregnancy complications. [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/86237

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Adelaide

28. Chin, Peck Yin. Cytokines and programming the pre-implantation embryo.

Degree: 2014, University of Adelaide

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/92044

► As the pre-implantation embryo traverses the female reproductive tract, it experiences fluctuations in the composition of the surrounding maternal environment, including the availability of nutrients,… (more)

▼ As the pre-implantation embryo traverses the female reproductive tract, it experiences fluctuations in the composition of the surrounding maternal environment, including the availability of nutrients, growth factors and cytokines. In particular, the cytokine milieu surrounding the early embryo is pivotal in programming optimal embryo development. The pre-implantation embryo is sensitive to a range of perturbations such as maternal diet or in vitro culture. These and other insults influencing the maternal environment including infection, stress and environmental toxins may in part act via impact on oviduct and uterine cytokine synthesis. However the effect of maternal perturbation to inflammation or infection, on the embryo and the role of cytokines in mediating this is not fully elucidated. The studies described in this thesis employed an in vivo mouse model of maternal systemic inflammation with the proinflammatory bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), where a pro-inflammatory cytokine response was elicited on days 2.5 and 3.5 post coitum (pc), prior to implantation. This model was studied in wildtype C57Bl/6 (Il10 ⁺ʹ⁺) mice and mice with a null mutation in the Il10 gene (Il10 ⁻ʹ⁻) were studied to investigate the effects of maternal deficiency in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 during LPS treatment. We demonstrated that the altered cytokine signals resulting from a low level pro inflammatory LPS challenge (0.5 μg/mouse) in the pre-implantation period elicit changes in the embryo developmental trajectory that in turn alter fetal growth and delay postnatal growth in the male progeny from LPS-treated mothers. As LPS did not directly impact development of the embryo at low and moderate doses, this result appears to reflect indirect effects of LPS mediated via the maternal tract. This is consistent with data from day 3.5 pc oviduct and uterus tissues which revealed increased mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines including Il6, Tnfa and Il12b following maternal LPS treatment. Peri-conceptional low dose LPS treatment in Il10 ⁺ʹ⁺ and Il10 ⁻ʹ⁻ mice revealed that the number of viable fetuses and fetal weight were both significantly reduced after LPS treatment, particularly in the Il10 ⁻ʹ⁻ mice. Embryo transfer was then utilised to investigate the mechanism by which LPS acts on the embryo, where day 3.5 pc embryos from donors treated with 0.5 μg LPS or PBS on days 2.5 and 3.5pc were transferred into day 2.5 pc pseudopregnant Swiss female recipients. The effect of maternal LPS treatment on fetal and placental development was seen to be maintained even after embryo transfer, suggesting that any effects of altered cytokine expression in embryos are exerted during cleavage stages before embryo recovery from donors. In addition, postnatal investigation of male and female progeny derived from control PBS and LPStreated Il10 ⁺ʹ⁺ and Il10 ⁻ʹ⁻ females from birth until 19 weeks of age showed that maternal LPS treatment constrains postnatal growth in male progeny regardless of maternal Il10 genotype, compared to male progeny… Advisors/Committee Members: Robertson, Sarah Anne (advisor), Thompson, Jeremy Gilbert E. (advisor), School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health (school).

Subjects/Keywords: cytokines; pre-implantation embryo; inflammation

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Chin, P. Y. (2014). Cytokines and programming the pre-implantation embryo. (Thesis). University of Adelaide. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2440/92044

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chin, Peck Yin. “Cytokines and programming the pre-implantation embryo.” 2014. Thesis, University of Adelaide. Accessed January 20, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/92044.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chin, Peck Yin. “Cytokines and programming the pre-implantation embryo.” 2014. Web. 20 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Chin PY. Cytokines and programming the pre-implantation embryo. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2014. [cited 2020 Jan 20]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/92044.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Chin PY. Cytokines and programming the pre-implantation embryo. [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/92044

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Adelaide

29. Richani, Dulama. Epidermal growth factor-like peptide signalling and oocyte in vitro maturation.

Degree: 2014, University of Adelaide

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/92804

► A growing body of evidence has recently implicated follicular epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like peptide signalling as essential for the propagation within the ovarian follicle of… (more)

▼ A growing body of evidence has recently implicated follicular epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like peptide signalling as essential for the propagation within the ovarian follicle of the LH stimulus that induces oocyte maturation and ovulation. The EGF-like peptides amphiregulin, epiregulin, and betacellulin are produced in mural granulosa and cumulus cells in response to LH, and signal via the EGF receptor (EGFR) in these cells to ultimately induce oocyte maturation, cumulus expansion, and ovulation. Although the function and impact of EGF-like peptide signalling on oocyte maturation in vivo has been characterised, little is currently known about the effect of oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) on this important signalling network. This thesis aimed to investigate the regulation of EGF-like peptide signalling in mouse cumulus cells and the effect of various IVM models on this network. FSH is a universal IVM additive, and EGF is occasionally used in animal IVM. The effect of FSH-stimulated IVM, EGF-stimulated IVM versus in vivo maturation (IVV) on cumulus cell EGF-like peptide mRNA and/or protein expression, the activity of EGFR, and its classic downstream effector, ERK1/2, were examined. EGF-like peptide mRNA expression, amphiregulin protein expression, and EGFR phosphorylation were significantly lower using FSH-stimulated IVM than during IVV. EGF stimulated significantly lower EGFR phosphorylation, but not EGF-like peptide mRNA expression. These data demonstrate that this signalling network is perturbed in IVM cumulus cells. The effect of FSH, EGF, amphiregulin and epiregulin in IVM on subsequent blastocyst development revealed that epiregulin and amphiregulin significantly increased blastocyst yield and/or the proportion of inner cell mass in blastocysts, than FSH or EGF. Examination of the metabolic profiles of IVM cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) matured in the presence of these stimulants revealed that EGF-like peptides and EGF induced significantly higher COC glucose metabolism via the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway than FSH, consequently enabling more hyaluronic acid synthesis and protein β-O-linked glycosylation in the cumulus cells. Epiregulin significantly increased intra-oocyte FAD⁺⁺ and the REDOX ratio compared to FSH, and all three EGF-like peptides induced more oocyte mitochondrial activity than EGF or FSH. Evidence has shown that increasing 3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) using pharmacological agents significantly increases IVM oocyte developmental competence. This concept, in the form of a pre-IVM culture period with cAMP modulators, was examined in conjunction with IVM in the presence of epiregulin, amphiregulin, EGF or FSH. A pre-IVM phase in conjunction with IVM with EGF-like peptides endowed greater oocyte developmental competence than with FSH or EGF, as evidenced by increased embryo yield and/or quality, which were comparable in embryo development and/or quality rates from IVV oocytes. This thesis provides the physiological basis for, and evidence that, EGF-like peptides are more… Advisors/Committee Members: Gilchrist, Robert Bruce (advisor), Thompson, Jeremy Gilbert E. (advisor), School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health (school).

Subjects/Keywords: oocyte maturation; amphiregulin; epiregulin; EGF; FSH; IVM

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Richani, D. (2014). Epidermal growth factor-like peptide signalling and oocyte in vitro maturation. (Thesis). University of Adelaide. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2440/92804

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Richani, Dulama. “Epidermal growth factor-like peptide signalling and oocyte in vitro maturation.” 2014. Thesis, University of Adelaide. Accessed January 20, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/92804.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Richani, Dulama. “Epidermal growth factor-like peptide signalling and oocyte in vitro maturation.” 2014. Web. 20 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Richani D. Epidermal growth factor-like peptide signalling and oocyte in vitro maturation. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2014. [cited 2020 Jan 20]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/92804.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Richani D. Epidermal growth factor-like peptide signalling and oocyte in vitro maturation. [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/92804

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Adelaide

30. Condo, Dominique. Investigating the relationship between maternal iodine intake in pregnancy and iodine status or thyroid function of mothers and infants: a prospective cohort study.

Degree: 2015, University of Adelaide

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/93493

► Iodine is crucial for thyroid hormone production which is essential for growth and development. Iodine deficiency in pregnancy can lead to cognitive impairment, poor growth,… (more)

▼ Iodine is crucial for thyroid hormone production which is essential for growth and development. Iodine deficiency in pregnancy can lead to cognitive impairment, poor growth, congenital abnormalities and in severe situations cretinism. Mild iodine deficiency re-emerged in Australia in the last decade. To address this issue, in 2009 mandatory iodine fortification of bread was implemented and in 2010 routine iodine supplementation in pregnancy was recommended. Since mandatory iodine fortification there has been limited data on the iodine intake and iodine status of Australians, including pregnant women. Intervention trials in iodine deficient populations have shown a higher maternal and infant urine iodine concentration (UIC) in iodine supplemented groups compared to controls, with the effect on thyroid function being less clear. However, no studies have assessed the relationships between maternal iodine intake from food and supplements in pregnancy and maternal or infant iodine status and thyroid function in mildly iodine deficient or sufficient populations. The primary aims of the thesis were to examine the associations between maternal iodine intake/iodine status/thyroid function in pregnancy and markers of maternal and infant iodine status/thyroid function. The secondary aims were to examine the associations between maternal iodine intake/thyroid function in pregnancy and pregnancy/birth outcomes, infant growth and the general health of pregnant and postnatal women. 783 pregnant women in South Australia participated in the study. An iodine specific food frequency questionnaire (I-FFQ) was developed and validated to assess dietary iodine intake at baseline (<20 weeks’ gestation) and 28 weeks’ gestation. Maternal UIC, maternal thyroid function and the general health and wellbeing of pregnant and postpartum women was assessed at baseline, 28 weeks’ gestation and 3 months postpartum. Breast milk iodine concentration (BMIC) was assessed at birth and 3 months postpartum. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was collected from newborn screening at birth. Pregnancy/birth outcome data and infant anthropometrics at birth were collected from the women’s and infant’s medical records and infant UIC, infant thyroid function and infant growth was measured at 3 months of age. Based on the median UIC, pregnant women in this study were classified as iodine sufficient, both with or without the use of iodine supplements during pregnancy. Maternal iodine intake in pregnancy was positively associated with maternal UIC and BMIC (Chapter 4), while no association was found with maternal thyroid function (Chapter 4), infant UIC, infant thyroid function (Chapter 5) or clinical outcomes (Chapter 6). At 28 weeks’ gestation maternal free triiodothyronine (fT3) was positively associated with infant fT3 at 3 months of age, while maternal fT3 and thyroglobulin (Tg) was inversely associated with infant TSH at 3 months of age (Chapter 5). Furthermore, markers of maternal thyroid function at 28 weeks gestation was associated with the mental and physical… Advisors/Committee Members: Zhou, Shao Jia (advisor), Makrides, Maria (advisor), School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health (school).

Subjects/Keywords: iodine; iodine supplementation; diet; pregnancy; urine iodine concentration; thyroid function; South Australia

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Condo, D. (2015). Investigating the relationship between maternal iodine intake in pregnancy and iodine status or thyroid function of mothers and infants: a prospective cohort study. (Thesis). University of Adelaide. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2440/93493

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Condo, Dominique. “Investigating the relationship between maternal iodine intake in pregnancy and iodine status or thyroid function of mothers and infants: a prospective cohort study.” 2015. Thesis, University of Adelaide. Accessed January 20, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/93493.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Vancouver:

Condo D. Investigating the relationship between maternal iodine intake in pregnancy and iodine status or thyroid function of mothers and infants: a prospective cohort study. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2015. [cited 2020 Jan 20]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/93493.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Condo D. Investigating the relationship between maternal iodine intake in pregnancy and iodine status or thyroid function of mothers and infants: a prospective cohort study. [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/93493

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

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