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1.
Geuze, I.V.
Creating an ID-catalogue as a tool for identifying individual giraffes at Entabeni Game Reserve as a prerequisite for collecting individual faecal samples for hormone analyses.
Degree: 2014, Universiteit Utrecht
URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/290025 
► The giraffe is an even-toed ungulate that lives on the African continent below the Sahara desert. Once widely distributed, the giraffe population is now in…
(more)
▼ The giraffe is an even-toed ungulate that lives on the African continent below the Sahara desert. Once widely distributed, the giraffe population is now in decline due to habitat degradation and poaching. In order to evaluate current management practices and environmental conditions, faecal hormone profiles can be monitored and used to assess reproductive success. Therefore an Identification Catalogue (ID catalogue) for the roaming giraffe population at Entabeni Game Reserve (EGR), Limpopo, South Africa,
was initially compiled in February 2011. The catalogue includes photographs of both sides of each giraffe, age classification and bodily characteristics of in total 45 giraffes which were individually identified at the lower escarpment of EGR. As a subsequent
objective, the possibility to collect individual faecal samples from the catalogued giraffe population was evaluated. Between february and April 2011, a total of 134 faecal samples from 45 individuals were collected; 56 samples from 14 males (n = 1-6 per individual), 69 samples from females (n=0-9 per individual), 3 samples from juveniles (n = 0-2 per individual) and 8 samples from the calves (n = 0-5 per individual). Overall, the collection frequency was on average 1 sample per 9-13 days for females and males, respectively. This study shows that in a small reserve of 6400 ha identification of individual giraffe is possible by the creation of an ID catalogue. Such a catalogue subsequently allows collection of individual faecal samples which
e.g. could be used to monitor reproductive or stress-related activities within the population on an individual level.
Advisors/Committee Members: E.%22%29&pagesize-30">
Stout,
T.A.
E..
Subjects/Keywords: Giraffe; noninvasive; hormone; fecal sample; reproduction; adrenocortical; identification; individual
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APA (6th Edition):
Geuze, I. V. (2014). Creating an ID-catalogue as a tool for identifying individual giraffes at Entabeni Game Reserve as a prerequisite for collecting individual faecal samples for hormone analyses. (Masters Thesis). Universiteit Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/290025
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Geuze, I V. “Creating an ID-catalogue as a tool for identifying individual giraffes at Entabeni Game Reserve as a prerequisite for collecting individual faecal samples for hormone analyses.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Universiteit Utrecht. Accessed January 16, 2021.
http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/290025.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Geuze, I V. “Creating an ID-catalogue as a tool for identifying individual giraffes at Entabeni Game Reserve as a prerequisite for collecting individual faecal samples for hormone analyses.” 2014. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Geuze IV. Creating an ID-catalogue as a tool for identifying individual giraffes at Entabeni Game Reserve as a prerequisite for collecting individual faecal samples for hormone analyses. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/290025.
Council of Science Editors:
Geuze IV. Creating an ID-catalogue as a tool for identifying individual giraffes at Entabeni Game Reserve as a prerequisite for collecting individual faecal samples for hormone analyses. [Masters Thesis]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2014. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/290025
2.
Groot, E.M.E.
Use of behavioural observations and faecal progesterone sampling to monitor reproductive cyclicity and pregnancy in captive South China tigers, with regard to breeding and rewilding.
Degree: 2013, Universiteit Utrecht
URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/288234
► The objective of this study is to determine specific behaviours associated with different phases of the reproductive cycle in captive South China tigresses (P. t.…
(more)
▼ The objective of this study is to determine specific behaviours associated with different phases of the reproductive cycle in captive South China tigresses (P.
t. amoyensis) and to measure progestagen concentrations in faeces of these females to determine the success of mating. This was aimed to assist a breeding and rewilding programme for South China tigers. Behavioural observations were performed twice daily over a period of 67 days and faecal samples were collected at least once weekly for 102 days. Data about behaviours such as general activity, spraying and social interaction, differed between individuals. Significant (p-value < 0.05) changes were associated with different phases of the reproductive cycle. Data from one tigress indicated an increase in activity during proestrus of almost 42%, but a decrease during estrus of almost 72%. Spraying frequency was higher during anestrus, 40.9 ± 7.9 times per active hour, but dropped by almost 59% during proestrus to 16.8 ± 3.3 times per active hour and was even lower during estrus, 6.2 ± 2.1 times per active hour. The positive social interaction frequency increased when the tigress entered proestrus and, simultaneously with the negative interaction frequency, increased further during estrus. Alterations in these specific behavioural patterns may therefore be useful parameters to determine estrous cycle stage in tigresses. Faecal samples were analysed for progesterone metabolites using a radioimmunoassay. Stress might have influenced the results slightly, but if measures are taken (double and fresh sampling) accurate data can be collected in future research. Progesterone concentrations were elevated up to parturition and were therefore useful for (pseudo)pregnancy determination.
Advisors/Committee Members: E.%22%29&pagesize-30">
Stout,
T.A.
E..
Subjects/Keywords: Progesterone; progestagen; estrogen; behaviour; faecal sampling; reproduction; cyclicity; pregnancy; estrus; scent making; tiger; South China; panthera tigris amoyensis; breeding; rewilding
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APA (6th Edition):
Groot, E. M. E. (2013). Use of behavioural observations and faecal progesterone sampling to monitor reproductive cyclicity and pregnancy in captive South China tigers, with regard to breeding and rewilding. (Masters Thesis). Universiteit Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/288234
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Groot, E M E. “Use of behavioural observations and faecal progesterone sampling to monitor reproductive cyclicity and pregnancy in captive South China tigers, with regard to breeding and rewilding.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Universiteit Utrecht. Accessed January 16, 2021.
http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/288234.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Groot, E M E. “Use of behavioural observations and faecal progesterone sampling to monitor reproductive cyclicity and pregnancy in captive South China tigers, with regard to breeding and rewilding.” 2013. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Groot EME. Use of behavioural observations and faecal progesterone sampling to monitor reproductive cyclicity and pregnancy in captive South China tigers, with regard to breeding and rewilding. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/288234.
Council of Science Editors:
Groot EME. Use of behavioural observations and faecal progesterone sampling to monitor reproductive cyclicity and pregnancy in captive South China tigers, with regard to breeding and rewilding. [Masters Thesis]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2013. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/288234
Universiteit Utrecht
3.
Effting, J.J.C.
Effects of PzP-vaccination on the oestrous cycle of female African elephants in the Makalali Game reserve, South-Africa.
Degree: 2007, Universiteit Utrecht
URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/40133
► Abstract Currently, the extremely high density of elephants in many large parks in South Africa, Zimbabwe and Botswana is considered an ecological problem. To control…
(more)
▼ Abstract
Currently, the extremely high density of elephants in many large parks in South Africa, Zimbabwe and Botswana is considered an ecological problem. To control elephant population growth, the following options have been proposed; culling, range expansion, translocation, contraception and non-intervention (in the expectation of natural self-regulation). This study addressed the following questions:
Do pZP-vaccinated elephant cows exhibit oestrus at the expected 16-17 week intervals?
If so, what is the influence of the more frequent oestrous periods on the behaviour of both male and female elephants?
The absence of a clear increase in the frequency of oestrous periods could be simply because many oestrous periods are missed as a result of the fragmented behavioural observations. Another possibility is that pZP vaccinated cows do not show oestrus at the expected 12-16 week intervals i.
e. that the vaccination interferes with cyclicity.
Interaction of family groups containing with pZP vaccinated with adult bulls has not been altered by pZP vaccination and these interactions do not appear to affect the behaviour of the cows. Neither is there any evidence that presence of the bulls is stressful to the matriarchal groups or that the failure to produce calves affects structure of the groups (family groups have not fragmented after 10 years of pZP vaccination), or the dominance hierarchy within a group.
In conclusion, there is currently no evidence that pZP vaccination for up to consecutive years leads to serious side-effects in treated animals or their family groups. To be sure that there are no side-effects in the longer term, this study will be continued for a number of years. pZP vaccination will not solve the problem of the overabundance of elephants already in southern Africa, but may be a valuable component of a concerted strategy to prevent the problem worsening or recurring after a more drastic intervention to reduce population density in the short term.
Advisors/Committee Members: E.%22%29&pagesize-30">
Stout,
T.A.
E..
Subjects/Keywords: Diergeneeskunde; elephants, wildlife, PzP-vaccination, oestrous cycle, behaviour, contraception
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APA (6th Edition):
Effting, J. J. C. (2007). Effects of PzP-vaccination on the oestrous cycle of female African elephants in the Makalali Game reserve, South-Africa. (Doctoral Dissertation). Universiteit Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/40133
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Effting, J J C. “Effects of PzP-vaccination on the oestrous cycle of female African elephants in the Makalali Game reserve, South-Africa.” 2007. Doctoral Dissertation, Universiteit Utrecht. Accessed January 16, 2021.
http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/40133.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Effting, J J C. “Effects of PzP-vaccination on the oestrous cycle of female African elephants in the Makalali Game reserve, South-Africa.” 2007. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Effting JJC. Effects of PzP-vaccination on the oestrous cycle of female African elephants in the Makalali Game reserve, South-Africa. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2007. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/40133.
Council of Science Editors:
Effting JJC. Effects of PzP-vaccination on the oestrous cycle of female African elephants in the Makalali Game reserve, South-Africa. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2007. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/40133
Universiteit Utrecht
4.
Schrijnders, R.
Assessing physiological and behavioural parameters of stress in pZP vaccinated elephants.
Degree: 2007, Universiteit Utrecht
URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/34347
► Management of protected elephant populations in South Africa has long been a challenge. In the absence of poaching and with the provision of extra water…
(more)
▼ Management of protected elephant populations in South Africa has long been a challenge. In the absence of poaching and with the provision of extra water holes, elephant populations have increased at unexpectedly high rates and show no signs of reaching a plateau. Various methods of population control have been considered to control elephant numbers, including culling or translocation of family groups and habitat expansion; none has proved entirely satisfactory. More recently, attention has focused on methods of contraception and amongst these immunocontraception with a porcine zona pellucida (pZP) vaccine has been proven effective and safe. However, there are still concerns that pZP vaccination may have unexpected long term side-effects on fertility or social structure and behaviour. For example, the expected effect of pZP vaccination is temporary infertility despite continuing cyclicity. As a result, it is anticipated that bulls (in musth) would visit and disturb a herd considerably more frequently because cows would have considerable more estrous periods; this might endanger young calves and is likely to be a source of extra stress to the herd. In the period of 14/7/08 - 4/10/08 behavioral observations of the elephant families in The Greater Makalali Private Game Reserve (GMPGR) were made to evaluate several factors that might indicate an increase in stress levels in pZP vaccinated elephants. In addition, fecal samples were collected to determine the cortisol concentrations, which should give an indication of physiological stress experienced during the preceding 48 hours.
In GMPGR, the presence of adult bulls with a matriarchal herd had little if any effect on behavior and was not a clear cause of stress related behavioural patterns. On the other hand, the annual aerial pZP vaccination by darting did result in a transient increase in fecal cortisol and diminished water and food availability during winter was also associated with rising fecal cortisol concentrations.
Overall, the physiological effects of contracepting elephants with the pZP vaccine appear to be associated with minimal social disruption and related stress. However, the darting process itself is clearly stressful.
Advisors/Committee Members: E.%22%29&pagesize-30">
Stout,
T.A.
E..
Subjects/Keywords: Diergeneeskunde; pZP, vaccination, elephants, makalali, stress, cortisol, bulls, cows, south africa, musth, darting, behavior, estrus
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APA (6th Edition):
Schrijnders, R. (2007). Assessing physiological and behavioural parameters of stress in pZP vaccinated elephants. (Masters Thesis). Universiteit Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/34347
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Schrijnders, R. “Assessing physiological and behavioural parameters of stress in pZP vaccinated elephants.” 2007. Masters Thesis, Universiteit Utrecht. Accessed January 16, 2021.
http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/34347.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Schrijnders, R. “Assessing physiological and behavioural parameters of stress in pZP vaccinated elephants.” 2007. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Schrijnders R. Assessing physiological and behavioural parameters of stress in pZP vaccinated elephants. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2007. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/34347.
Council of Science Editors:
Schrijnders R. Assessing physiological and behavioural parameters of stress in pZP vaccinated elephants. [Masters Thesis]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2007. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/34347
Universiteit Utrecht
5.
Oosterom, D.I.E.
The effect of pZP vaccination on the cyclicity of female African elephants in the Makalali Game Reserve.
Degree: 2009, Universiteit Utrecht
URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/34410
► As a result of conservation measures, the elephant population of South Africa has grown to a point where it is causing damage to the habitat…
(more)
▼ As a result of conservation measures, the elephant population of South Africa has grown to a point where it is causing damage to the habitat and threatens biodiversity. Theoretically, there are several ways to control elephant population growth. Currently,
immunocontraception with pZP (porcine zona pellucida) vaccine appears to be the most widely accepted option, both on human grounds and on the basis of efficacy. However, before wide-scale use of pZP vaccination can be recommended, further research into the possible longer term side-effects is required. The general aim of the present study was to examine whether pZP vaccination affects the frequency of oestrous in the African elephant. Another important aim of this study was to determine whether progesterone metabolite concentrations in the faeces were a more reliable way of detecting oestrus in African elephant cows than behavioural monitoring. Behavioural observations and faecal samples were collected from elephants in the Greater Makalali Private Game Reserve. Only 7 cases of oestrous behaviour were observed during a period of sixteen months. However, this may be an underestimate since oestrous behaviour is difficult to identify in elephants, partly because various indicators are used but primarily because the elephants can not be watched 24 hours a day every day; in all probability, numerous incidences of oestrous behaviour were missed. The faecal samples were supposed to be analysed with an ELISA for 5α-reduced progestin concentrations. However the antibody initially used for this analysis was not sufficiently sensitive, and the replacement did not arrive in time for this study. As a result, it is not yet possible to make firm conclusions about cyclity in pZP vaccinated elephants.
Advisors/Committee Members: E.%22%29&pagesize-30">
Stout,
T.A.
E..
Subjects/Keywords: Diergeneeskunde; pZP vaccination, effect, cyclicity, African elephants
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APA (6th Edition):
Oosterom, D. I. E. (2009). The effect of pZP vaccination on the cyclicity of female African elephants in the Makalali Game Reserve. (Doctoral Dissertation). Universiteit Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/34410
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Oosterom, D I E. “The effect of pZP vaccination on the cyclicity of female African elephants in the Makalali Game Reserve.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, Universiteit Utrecht. Accessed January 16, 2021.
http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/34410.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Oosterom, D I E. “The effect of pZP vaccination on the cyclicity of female African elephants in the Makalali Game Reserve.” 2009. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Oosterom DIE. The effect of pZP vaccination on the cyclicity of female African elephants in the Makalali Game Reserve. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/34410.
Council of Science Editors:
Oosterom DIE. The effect of pZP vaccination on the cyclicity of female African elephants in the Makalali Game Reserve. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2009. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/34410
Universiteit Utrecht
6.
Ven, C.C. In 't.
Non-invasive assessment of adrenocortical endocrine function in African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus)
by measurement of glucocorticoid metabolites in faeces.
Degree: 2009, Universiteit Utrecht
URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/237627
► Non-invasive techniques for monitoring stress in wild animals have been studied extensively over the past two decades. The aim of this study was to use…
(more)
▼ Non-invasive techniques for monitoring stress in wild animals have been studied extensively over the past two decades. The aim of this study was to use an adrenocorticotrophic hormone challenge to validate the measurement of glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations in faeces with an ELISA assay as a means of monitoring adrenocortical activity in African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus). Faecal samples were collected from four study animals for ten days prior to, and seven days after, an injection with 50 IU ACTH (Synacthen®, Novartis RSA (Pty) Ltd, Kempton Park South-Africa). Samples were analyzed for glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations using a Cortisol-3-CMO enzyme immunoassay and a 3α,11-Oxo-etiocholanolone enzyme immunoassay. The Cortisol EIA showed an increase in glucocorticoid metabolites of 263%-325% post ACTH administration, whereas a 3α,11-Oxo-CM EIA showed an increase of only 125%-139%. These results suggest that the Cortisol EIA is more sensitive and suitable for monitoring adrenocortical activity in African wild dogs than the 3α,11-Oxo-CM EIA. However since not all animals showed a response using the Cortisol EIA, further research is necessary to fully validate this technique.
Advisors/Committee Members: E%22%29&pagesize-30">
Stout,
T.A.
E.
Subjects/Keywords: Diergeneeskunde; African wild dog, faecal analysis, glucocorticoid metabolites, ACTH challenge test
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Ven, C. C. I. '. (2009). Non-invasive assessment of adrenocortical endocrine function in African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus)
by measurement of glucocorticoid metabolites in faeces. (Doctoral Dissertation). Universiteit Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/237627
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ven, C C In 't. “Non-invasive assessment of adrenocortical endocrine function in African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus)
by measurement of glucocorticoid metabolites in faeces.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, Universiteit Utrecht. Accessed January 16, 2021.
http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/237627.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ven, C C In 't. “Non-invasive assessment of adrenocortical endocrine function in African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus)
by measurement of glucocorticoid metabolites in faeces.” 2009. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Ven CCI'. Non-invasive assessment of adrenocortical endocrine function in African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus)
by measurement of glucocorticoid metabolites in faeces. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/237627.
Council of Science Editors:
Ven CCI'. Non-invasive assessment of adrenocortical endocrine function in African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus)
by measurement of glucocorticoid metabolites in faeces. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2009. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/237627
Universiteit Utrecht
7.
Barba Claassens, C.A.J.
Serum and fecal cortisol concentrations during the annual musth cycle of Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) bulls.
Degree: 2009, Universiteit Utrecht
URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/255233
► The annual musth cycle of adult Asian elephant bulls is characterized by behavioral, physical and physiological changes. Male elephants in musth show heightened aggression, increased…
(more)
▼ The annual musth cycle of adult Asian elephant bulls is characterized by behavioral, physical and physiological changes. Male elephants in musth show heightened aggression, increased restlessness, reduced feeding activity and increased searching for oestrous females. During musth, oily temporal gland secretions, continuous urine dribbling and a loss of body condition are commonly seen. Musth is assumed to correspond with elevated levels of circulating androgens. In addition, an elevation in circulating glucocorticoid concentrations has been reported, presumably because musth is a stressful event. Although previous studies have examined both androgen and glucocorticoid profiles in adult male elephants, there is little information about the profiles of these hormones during the complete musth cycle. The objective of this study was to compare cortisol concentrations in serum and feces and to determine whether there is any relationship between the two and thereby to determine whether non-invasive measurements give a reliable indication of physiological stress status. The second objective was to investigate changes in the cortisol profiles of elephant bulls during the non-musth, pre-musth, musth and post-musth periods over the course of a calendar year and to examine the relationship with testosterone profiles.
Serum and fecal samples were collected every 2 weeks during a 17 month period from ten captive adult Asian bull elephants. Testosterone and cortisol concentrations were measured using a validated enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Cortisol concentrations varied greatly during the study period, but there was no clear correlation between serum cortisol and fecal cortisol concentrations. Testosterone concentrations also showed great variation during the course of the musth cycle, and a positive correlation between fecal cortisol and fecal testosterone concentrations was apparent. With regard to the various stages of the musth cycle, a significant difference was found only between serum cortisol and the stages of the musth cycle. No significant differences in testosterone concentrations were apparent during the different stages of the musth cycle. The lack of clear changes in fecal testosterone concentrations during the musth cycle was unexpected and contradicts previous small scale studies; clearly, more research is needed to determine the hormonal changes underlying the musth cycle in Asian elephant bulls.
Advisors/Committee Members: E.%22%29&pagesize-30">
Stout,
T.A.
E..
Subjects/Keywords: Diergeneeskunde
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APA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Barba Claassens, C. A. J. (2009). Serum and fecal cortisol concentrations during the annual musth cycle of Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) bulls. (Doctoral Dissertation). Universiteit Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/255233
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Barba Claassens, C A J. “Serum and fecal cortisol concentrations during the annual musth cycle of Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) bulls.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, Universiteit Utrecht. Accessed January 16, 2021.
http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/255233.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Barba Claassens, C A J. “Serum and fecal cortisol concentrations during the annual musth cycle of Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) bulls.” 2009. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Barba Claassens CAJ. Serum and fecal cortisol concentrations during the annual musth cycle of Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) bulls. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/255233.
Council of Science Editors:
Barba Claassens CAJ. Serum and fecal cortisol concentrations during the annual musth cycle of Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) bulls. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2009. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/255233
Universiteit Utrecht
8.
Meijer, K.
Factors influencing cyclicity and reproductive success of female elephants in European zoos.
Degree: 2009, Universiteit Utrecht
URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/42629
► The capture of wild elephants is prohibited under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). However, since elephants…
(more)
▼ The capture of wild elephants is prohibited under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). However, since elephants (particularly Asian elephants) are endangered in the wild, maintenance of a healthy captive population is considered an essential measure for safeguarding the species; in turn, an active and successful breeding program is an essential requirement for maintaining a healthy captive population (Hermes et al, 2004). Recent surveys have indicated that captive elephants commonly suffer from poor fertility as a result of intermittent cyclicity or acyclicity among female elephants, and as a result of high rates of perinatal and infant mortality (Freeman et al, 2009).
The aim of the current study was to retrospectively examine the incidences of gestational and perinatal mortality and of disrupted cyclicity in elephants housed in European zoos and to try to identify husbandry or management associated risk factors that predispose to either failure of cyclicity or failure to produce a live calf. In order to gather the required data a questionnaire was sent out to all European zoos that house elephants and progesterone/pregnanetriol concentrations were gathered when made available.
Fifteen zoos completed the questionnaire, yielding a survey population of 50 elephants. Reproductive status monitoring data (progesterone/pregnanetriol profiles) were available for only 18 elephants. Since there were only 2 elephants that showed abnormal cyclicity, it was not possible to further examine factors that might influence cyclicity in captive female elephants. A significant difference (p<0.05) was found in the successful completion of pregnancy between Asian and African elephants. Asian elephants suffered a significantly higher risk of abortion, stillbirth or death of the calf within the first day after birth. There was also a significant lower likelihood (p<0.05) of the first (as opposed to subsequent) pregnancy of an Asian elephants in captivity leading to a surviving calf.
Advisors/Committee Members: E.%22%29&pagesize-30">
Stout,
T.A.
E..
Subjects/Keywords: Diergeneeskunde; elephants, cyclicity, reproductive, succes, european, zoos, factors
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Meijer, K. (2009). Factors influencing cyclicity and reproductive success of female elephants in European zoos. (Doctoral Dissertation). Universiteit Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/42629
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Meijer, K. “Factors influencing cyclicity and reproductive success of female elephants in European zoos.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, Universiteit Utrecht. Accessed January 16, 2021.
http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/42629.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Meijer, K. “Factors influencing cyclicity and reproductive success of female elephants in European zoos.” 2009. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Meijer K. Factors influencing cyclicity and reproductive success of female elephants in European zoos. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/42629.
Council of Science Editors:
Meijer K. Factors influencing cyclicity and reproductive success of female elephants in European zoos. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2009. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/42629
Universiteit Utrecht
9.
Ram, D.
Determining whether ad-libitum scoring of aggressive behaviour is a useful way of determining hierarchy in an African elephant (Loxodonta africana) herd.
Degree: 2009, Universiteit Utrecht
URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/188100
► Female African elephants are extremely social animals that live with close relatives in matriarchal family groups. The status of each animal in the herd is…
(more)
▼ Female African elephants are extremely social animals that live with close relatives in matriarchal family groups. The status of each animal in the herd is determined in accordance to a strict hierarchy system. This hierarchy system avoids potential harmful competition over limited resources.
The current study was performed on an elephant herd, located at the Entabeni Game Reserve in South Africa. For this herd no clear hierarchy had previously been established. Former studies have proposed that the hierarchy within a herd can be determined by scoring aggressive behaviour. However, there are several methods by which such scoring can be conducted. One of these techniques is the so-called ‘ad libitum group sampling’ method.
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether scoring aggressive behaviour, using the ad libitum group sampling method over a three month period, was a useful way of determining the hierarchy in a group of elephants.
It was concluded that the hierarchy of the herd could be determined using the ad libitum group sampling method. However, the method was not perfect and it is suggested that additional data such as genetic background and accurately determined age, combined with a longer observation period, could contribute to improve the accuracy of the research method.
Advisors/Committee Members: E%22%29&pagesize-30">
Stout,
T.A.
E.
Subjects/Keywords: Diergeneeskunde
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APA (6th Edition):
Ram, D. (2009). Determining whether ad-libitum scoring of aggressive behaviour is a useful way of determining hierarchy in an African elephant (Loxodonta africana) herd. (Doctoral Dissertation). Universiteit Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/188100
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ram, D. “Determining whether ad-libitum scoring of aggressive behaviour is a useful way of determining hierarchy in an African elephant (Loxodonta africana) herd.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, Universiteit Utrecht. Accessed January 16, 2021.
http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/188100.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ram, D. “Determining whether ad-libitum scoring of aggressive behaviour is a useful way of determining hierarchy in an African elephant (Loxodonta africana) herd.” 2009. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Ram D. Determining whether ad-libitum scoring of aggressive behaviour is a useful way of determining hierarchy in an African elephant (Loxodonta africana) herd. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/188100.
Council of Science Editors:
Ram D. Determining whether ad-libitum scoring of aggressive behaviour is a useful way of determining hierarchy in an African elephant (Loxodonta africana) herd. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2009. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/188100
Universiteit Utrecht
10.
Koole, E.H.P.
Monitoring the oestrous cycle of free roaming African elephants (Loxodonta africana africana) using an Enzyme Immunoassay for Progesterone.
Degree: 2010, Universiteit Utrecht
URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/289277
► Management and conservation of African elephants in the fenced reserves of southern Africa is essential because elephant overpopulation is now uniformly accepted as a serious…
(more)
▼ Management and conservation of African elephants in the fenced reserves of southern Africa is essential because elephant overpopulation is now uniformly accepted as a serious threat to biodiversity. Immunnocontraceptive vaccines have been proposed as an alternative to culling for population management and are currently being used in several small private parks for this purpose. Information on the reproductive endocrine status of treated animals is of considerable additional value for evaluating the effectiveness of such fertility control measures and to help in the development of more effective treatments or administrations protocols. In this respect, analysis of faecal progesterone metabolites is, primarly because of the non-invasive nature of sample collection, a valuable tool for monitoring the reproductive state and cyclicity of both treated and non-treated animals to determine how and for how long the effects of particular treatments influence fertility.
The Progesterone Enzyme Immunoassay (PEIA) has previously been validated for determining 5α pregnane-3-ol-20-one concentrations in the faeces of African elephants. Gestagen concentrations were measured using an antibody raised against the progesterone metabolite 5-pregnan-3-ol-20-one.
Further studies are required to assess how rapidly the progestagens are degraded in faeces, how concentrations are affected to time of year or climatic conditions (Fieβ et al reported significant differences between the dry and wet seasons), and whether it is possible to assign cut-off values for luteal activity that are generally applicable, or whether monitoring will be limited to assessing patterns on the basis of serial sampling.
Advisors/Committee Members: E%22%29&pagesize-30">
Stout,
T.A.
E.
Subjects/Keywords: Progesterone Enzyme Immunoassay; African elephants; 5α pregnane-3-ol-20-one
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APA (6th Edition):
Koole, E. H. P. (2010). Monitoring the oestrous cycle of free roaming African elephants (Loxodonta africana africana) using an Enzyme Immunoassay for Progesterone. (Doctoral Dissertation). Universiteit Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/289277
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Koole, E H P. “Monitoring the oestrous cycle of free roaming African elephants (Loxodonta africana africana) using an Enzyme Immunoassay for Progesterone.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, Universiteit Utrecht. Accessed January 16, 2021.
http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/289277.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Koole, E H P. “Monitoring the oestrous cycle of free roaming African elephants (Loxodonta africana africana) using an Enzyme Immunoassay for Progesterone.” 2010. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Koole EHP. Monitoring the oestrous cycle of free roaming African elephants (Loxodonta africana africana) using an Enzyme Immunoassay for Progesterone. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2010. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/289277.
Council of Science Editors:
Koole EHP. Monitoring the oestrous cycle of free roaming African elephants (Loxodonta africana africana) using an Enzyme Immunoassay for Progesterone. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2010. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/289277
11.
Berg, E.M.H. van den.
Pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur sodium in pregnant pony mares.
Degree: 2013, Universiteit Utrecht
URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/289440
► Placentitis is a common cause of pregnancy loss in the mare. Effective treatments for placentitis remain elusive. Ceftiofur sodium is effective against the most common…
(more)
▼ Placentitis is a common cause of pregnancy loss in the mare. Effective treatments for placentitis remain elusive. Ceftiofur sodium is effective against the most common pathogens causing placentitis, including Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus. However, little is known about the pharmacokinetics of the drug in pregnant mares or whether or not the drug penetrates the fetal placental barrier. Eight pregnant pony mares were treated with ceftiofur sodium (Naxcel®)(4.4mg/kg, IM, q24h) for at least 4 days prior to induction of parturition. Mares were monitored daily for signs of onset of parturition and mammary secretions were tested daily for calcium concentrations using a commercial test. Parturition was induced using oxytocin (5 IU) administered at 25 minute intervals until the onset of parturition. Allantoic fluid, amniotic fluid and pre-suckle colostrum samples were collected. Plasma samples were collected at 2 hours post drug administration in the mare, and at birth (time point 0) and at 1,2,4,8, and 24 hours after delivery from mares and foals. Plasma samples were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography to detect concentrations of ceftiofur and its active metabolite, desfuroylceftiofur acetamide (DCA). Median plasma concentrations of DCA of 8.61
(7.38-8.89) μg/ml were found at birth in the mare, while no detectable concentrations of the drug were found in foal plasma. Median DCA concentrations of 1.70 (1.30-1.75) μg/ml were found in milk. No detectable amounts of the drug were found in either the allantoic or amniotic fluid. Results from this study show that therapeutic concentrations of ceftiofur sodium seem not to attain the fetal compartment or foal plasma after drug administration to the mare prior to delivery. These data suggest that ceftiofur sodium does not penetrate the equine feto-placental barrier and, therefore, may not be effective for treating mares with placentitis.
Advisors/Committee Members: E.%22%29&pagesize-30">
Stout,
T.A.
E..
Subjects/Keywords: Placentitis; ceftiofur; sodium; pregnant; pony; mares; pharmacokinetics; Naxcel; DCA; desfuroylceftiofur acetamide
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APA (6th Edition):
Berg, E. M. H. v. d. (2013). Pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur sodium in pregnant pony mares. (Masters Thesis). Universiteit Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/289440
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Berg, E M H van den. “Pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur sodium in pregnant pony mares.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Universiteit Utrecht. Accessed January 16, 2021.
http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/289440.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Berg, E M H van den. “Pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur sodium in pregnant pony mares.” 2013. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Berg EMHvd. Pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur sodium in pregnant pony mares. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/289440.
Council of Science Editors:
Berg EMHvd. Pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur sodium in pregnant pony mares. [Masters Thesis]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2013. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/289440
12.
Gieling, R.W.
Determination of individual home range size and group composition of the main giraffe population at Entabeni Game Reserve.
Degree: 2014, Universiteit Utrecht
URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/291924
► Abstract Large variations in giraffe home range size have been reported in previous studies, where individual home ranges usually overlap. The social structure of giraffe…
(more)
▼ Abstract
Large variations in giraffe home range size have been reported in previous studies, where individual home ranges usually overlap. The social structure of giraffe populations is complex and not much research has been done on their group size and group composition. To be able to identify the individual giraffe roaming the lower escarpment of Entabeni Game Reserve (EGR), Limpopo, South Africa an identification catalogue was initially created in February 2011.
A total number of 45 giraffe were individually identified in the lower escarpment of EGR. Between 9 February 2011 and 30 April 2011 there were 271 giraffe sightings, with an average number of 3.93 observations per day. The home range size of individual giraffe was determined by calculating a Mean Convex Polygon (MCP) around the data collected with a GPS. The home range of individual giraffe covered the whole lower escarpment of EGR except for the cliff areas and no difference in male and female home range size was found.
The group size ranged from 1 to 24 individuals, with small group sizes observed more frequently and 25.5% of the sightings were of a single giraffe. The group composition was mostly mixed, with males, females, and juveniles (20.5%), followed by the combination of females and juveniles/calves (16.8%), and single males (14.7%). The social structure consisted of a fission-fusion system, in which all the individual giraffe are connected, although there were some connections between certain individuals with very few intrazonal interactions, like mothers and calves. This study shows that on a small game reserve of 6200 hectares there is no difference in individual home range sizes of male and female giraffe. Their group size and composition constantly changes, but the group size is usually 1 to 5 animals. The connections between two individuals indicate the existence of social bonds.
These results should be taken into account when translocating individuals and when keeping giraffe in captivity.
Advisors/Committee Members: Ganswindt, A., E.%22%29&pagesize-30">
Stout,
T.A.
E..
Subjects/Keywords: Giraffe; giraffa camelopardalis; home range; group; composition; social; bonds; behaviour; South Africa
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Gieling, R. W. (2014). Determination of individual home range size and group composition of the main giraffe population at Entabeni Game Reserve. (Masters Thesis). Universiteit Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/291924
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Gieling, R W. “Determination of individual home range size and group composition of the main giraffe population at Entabeni Game Reserve.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Universiteit Utrecht. Accessed January 16, 2021.
http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/291924.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Gieling, R W. “Determination of individual home range size and group composition of the main giraffe population at Entabeni Game Reserve.” 2014. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Gieling RW. Determination of individual home range size and group composition of the main giraffe population at Entabeni Game Reserve. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/291924.
Council of Science Editors:
Gieling RW. Determination of individual home range size and group composition of the main giraffe population at Entabeni Game Reserve. [Masters Thesis]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2014. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/291924
Universiteit Utrecht
13.
Bertschinger, H.J.
Controlling wildlife reproduction : reversible suppression of reproductive function or sex-related behaviour in wildlife species.
Degree: 2010, Universiteit Utrecht
URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/187942
► Fertility control represents a proactive approach to population management for various mammalian wildlife species. In large predators, deslorelin implants have proven to be useful contraceptives…
(more)
▼ Fertility control represents a proactive approach to population management for various mammalian wildlife species. In large predators, deslorelin implants have proven to be useful contraceptives in species such as lions, tigers and cheetahs. Although female lions and tigers responded well to various doses of deslorelin, the 9.4 mg implants at 48-month intervals are recommended for treatment of these species. In cheetahs both sexes could be effectively down-regulated using annual 4.7 mg implants. It does however, appear that certain species, like the African wild dog, are more difficult to down-regulate than others. Whether this relates to differences in peripheral deslorelin concentrations achieved or to actual concentrations at the effector site is unknown. Determining peripheral deslorelin concentrations in species like the lion, cheetah and wild dog may provide some answers. LH response to GnRH stimulation at various intervals after deslorelin treatment may also be informative. Additionally, the ability to deliver the implants remotely would make this method of contraception much more appealing to reserve managers.
Immunocontraception of free-ranging African elephant cows with the porcine zona pellucida (pZP) vaccine has been shown to be 100% effective in small to medium populations. The protocol followed was three vaccinations (400 μg pZP with Freund’s complete modified adjuvant; 200μg and 200 μg with Freund’s incomplete adjuvants) at 4 to 6-week intervals during the first year followed by a single annual booster (200 μg with Freund’s incomplete adjuvant) thereafter. The vaccine was delivered remotely with darts and thus capture was not required for treatment of the cows. Of the 108 cows treated 62 (57.4%) were pregnant at the time of primary vaccination and calved during Years 1 and 2 of the program. Once these cows had calved, no more calves were born. The method was shown to be safe to use in pregnant cows. A small number of cows developed minor temporary swellings at the dart site. Future research should concentrate on development of slow-release vaccine-formulations that would reduce implementation costs and enable use on larger populations. Although studies are ongoing, there is also a need to expand behavioural studies on treated populations. A GnRH vaccine produced promising results for the down-regulation of androgen-related behaviour in elephant bulls. The bulls were given a primary and two to three booster vaccinations (4 to 7 week intervals) while behaviour and faecal androgen metabolite concentrations were monitored. More intensive studies on animals (African and Asian elephant bulls) of various ages are required to determine whether the treatment is capable of suppressing the annual musth cycles and to establish the effects of GnRH vaccination on male fertility
Advisors/Committee Members: Colenbrander, B., E.%22%29&pagesize-30">
Stout,
T.A.
E..
Subjects/Keywords: Diergeneeskunde; Diergeneeskunde; contraception; aggression; deslorelin; pZP; African predators and elephants; GnRH vaccine
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Bertschinger, H. J. (2010). Controlling wildlife reproduction : reversible suppression of reproductive function or sex-related behaviour in wildlife species. (Doctoral Dissertation). Universiteit Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/187942
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Bertschinger, H J. “Controlling wildlife reproduction : reversible suppression of reproductive function or sex-related behaviour in wildlife species.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, Universiteit Utrecht. Accessed January 16, 2021.
http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/187942.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Bertschinger, H J. “Controlling wildlife reproduction : reversible suppression of reproductive function or sex-related behaviour in wildlife species.” 2010. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Bertschinger HJ. Controlling wildlife reproduction : reversible suppression of reproductive function or sex-related behaviour in wildlife species. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2010. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/187942.
Council of Science Editors:
Bertschinger HJ. Controlling wildlife reproduction : reversible suppression of reproductive function or sex-related behaviour in wildlife species. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2010. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/187942
Universiteit Utrecht
14.
Vliet, D. van.
The oestrous cycle in Friesian mares.
Degree: 2014, Universiteit Utrecht
URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/301359
► This study aimed to describe the characteristics of the oestrous cycle in the Friesian mare, and to produce a guideline for veterinarians responsible for reproductive…
(more)
▼ This study aimed to describe the characteristics of the oestrous cycle in the Friesian mare, and to produce a guideline for veterinarians responsible for reproductive management of mares from this breed. The description of the oestrous cycle included the following parameters: the interovulatory interval (IOI), follicle diameter, follicle softness, uterine tone, cervical tone, endometrial oedema and free fluid. Also analysed were the number of artificial inseminations (AI) per cycle, any hormones administered, the age and reproductive status of the mare and the season in which the mare was monitored. The data were collected from three different clinics or stud farms in the Netherlands and included 687 cycles from 340 mares, aged between 3 and 21 years. Multiple cycles in one part of season were averaged into a single representative cycle for each individual mare. Cycles that were altered by the use of hormones were grouped and analysed separately. In non-manipulated oestrous cycles, an IOI of 24.46 ± 0.32 days was recorded. The IOI was not significantly affected by season (spring, summer), reproductive status (barren, maiden or lactating) or mare age. The maximum follicle diameter was 5.18 ± 0.04 cm at approximately 48 hours prior to ovulation. Growth rate of the pre-ovulatory follicle was 0.242 ± 0.08 cm per day until day -1 (day 0 = day of ovulation). Cessation of follicle growth was a good indicator of impending ovulation within 24 hours. Uterine oedema began to increase on day -8 and peaked on day -6. In conclusion, the reproductive cycle of Friesian mares is characterized by a relatively long IOI, large follicle diameter and early peak in uterine oedema compared to other horse breeds. The signs of an impending ovulation within 48 hours, and therefore for AI with fresh or chilled semen, were: a softening pre-ovulatory follicle of >4.0-4.5 cm with a thick follicular wall, allied to decreasing uterine oedema.
Advisors/Committee Members: E.%22%29&pagesize-30">
Stout,
T.A.
E.,
Hendriks, W.K..
Subjects/Keywords: oestrus; oestrous; cycle; reproduction; reproductive; mare; fertility; breed; friesian; friesians; IOI; pregnant; pregnancy
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APA (6th Edition):
Vliet, D. v. (2014). The oestrous cycle in Friesian mares. (Masters Thesis). Universiteit Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/301359
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Vliet, D van. “The oestrous cycle in Friesian mares.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Universiteit Utrecht. Accessed January 16, 2021.
http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/301359.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Vliet, D van. “The oestrous cycle in Friesian mares.” 2014. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Vliet Dv. The oestrous cycle in Friesian mares. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/301359.
Council of Science Editors:
Vliet Dv. The oestrous cycle in Friesian mares. [Masters Thesis]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2014. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/301359
Universiteit Utrecht
15.
Beuzekom, E.L. van.
Biomechanics of the stallion's hindquarters during semen collection.
Degree: 2015, Universiteit Utrecht
URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/306518
► Introduction It is often claimed that stallions used for both breeding and showjumping perform less well in competitions during the breeding season. The demands on…
(more)
▼ Introduction
It is often claimed that stallions used for both breeding and showjumping perform less well in competitions during the breeding season. The demands on the back and pelvis during semen collection may impair the range of movement required for showjumping. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the biomechanics of the stallion’s hindquarters by examining the range of motion (ROM) of the hindquarters, in particular the pelvic flexion, during both the mounting and ejaculatory phases of semen collection.
Materials and methods
The kinematics of the hindquarters of six sportshorse stallions regularly used for semen collection were studied at the mounting and ejaculation phases during semen collection on a phantom. Green spherical skin markers were placed on Th5, tuber coxae, proximal femur and tibia, and distal tibia and metatarsus. At each phase a total of 6 angles between the skin markers was measured using a home-video camera positioned perpendicular to the phantom. The differences in joint angles between these two phases were statistically compared using commercially available software (SPSS) at a significance level of P<0.05.
Results
Horses showed a significantly larger variation in joint angle values during the mounting than during the ejaculation phase. They also showed more extension in the tarsal than in the hip and stifle joints; there was also more extension in the stifle than in the hip joint (P<0.05). The pelvic flexion angle was significantly larger with more extension than the tarsal joint angle (P<0.05). The position of the hindlimb in relation to the ground was significantly more upright than that of the body (P<0.05).
Conclusions
During the mounting phase the pelvis shows a larger joint angle range than during the ejaculation phase. During both phases the tarsal joint shows more extension than the hip and stifles joints, the stifle shows more extension than the hip, and the pelvis shows more extension than the tarsal joint. Meanwhile, the hindlimb is in a significantly more upright position than the body. The extreme flexion and extension of the pelvis may impose a very different loading on the musculoskeletal structures, especially when during mounting also asymmetric lateroflexion and/or axial rotation are involved, possibly provoking locomotor pain in the hindquarters. Still, it remains somewhat unclear how exactly this will interfere with the ability to extend the pelvis during showjumping.
Advisors/Committee Members: Back, W., Hoogendoorn, A.C., E.%22%29&pagesize-30">
Stout,
T.A.
E.,
Colenbrander, B..
Subjects/Keywords: biomechanics; stallion; semen collection; sports performance
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Beuzekom, E. L. v. (2015). Biomechanics of the stallion's hindquarters during semen collection. (Masters Thesis). Universiteit Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/306518
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Beuzekom, E L van. “Biomechanics of the stallion's hindquarters during semen collection.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Universiteit Utrecht. Accessed January 16, 2021.
http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/306518.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Beuzekom, E L van. “Biomechanics of the stallion's hindquarters during semen collection.” 2015. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Beuzekom ELv. Biomechanics of the stallion's hindquarters during semen collection. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/306518.
Council of Science Editors:
Beuzekom ELv. Biomechanics of the stallion's hindquarters during semen collection. [Masters Thesis]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2015. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/306518
Universiteit Utrecht
16.
Kager, L.A.
The effect of progesterone on equine endometrial morphology, gland surface density and uterocalin secretion.
Degree: 2006, Universiteit Utrecht
URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/37491
► Previous studies have shown that the equine endometrium changes morphologically under the influence of progesterone. It also begins to secrete the 19 kDa protein uterocalin,…
(more)
▼ Previous studies have shown that the equine endometrium changes morphologically under the influence of progesterone. It also begins to secrete the 19 kDa protein uterocalin, which is believed to act as a carrier or transport protein to provide the conceptus with essential vitamins and minerals during the early stages of development.
In the present study endometrial biopsies were used to assess and compare the effects of both endogenous and exogenous progesterone on endometrial morphology, the surface density of endometrial glands and their secretion of uterocalin. An attempt was also made to relate these findings to the duration of progesterone dominance. Therefore, endometrial biopsies were taken at several time points after ovulation and after exogenous progesterone administration. These were processed and sectioned, after which they were either stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&
E) for the morphometric study, or labelled immunohistochemically for the detection of uterocalin.
Morphometric analysis indicated that the endometrial changes are comparable after both endogenous and exogenous progesterone dominance and were most noticeable in the epithelium lining the endometrial glands, where the height of the epithelial cells had increased significantly by 3 – 5 days after ovulation and after 3 days of exogenous progesterone treatment. Glandular surface density, however, did not increase after ovulation, nor after treatment with exogenous progesterone. Immunohistochemical staining of the endometrial biopsies showed significant uterocalin secretion after 5 days in both normal dioestrus and after the administration of exogenous progesterone.
This suggests that the changes in the morphology of the endometrium are progesterone dependent and that gland surface density is either not progesterone dependent or might need more days of progesterone dominance before significant changes can be seen. It can be concluded that the secretion of uterocalin is initiated by progesterone and that the rate of secretion is sufficient by the time the equine embryo enters the uterine lumen on day 6 after ovulation.
Advisors/Committee Members: E%22%29&pagesize-30">
Stout,
T.A.
E.
Subjects/Keywords: Diergeneeskunde; equine, progesterone, endometrium, morphology, uterocalin
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APA (6th Edition):
Kager, L. A. (2006). The effect of progesterone on equine endometrial morphology, gland surface density and uterocalin secretion. (Doctoral Dissertation). Universiteit Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/37491
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kager, L A. “The effect of progesterone on equine endometrial morphology, gland surface density and uterocalin secretion.” 2006. Doctoral Dissertation, Universiteit Utrecht. Accessed January 16, 2021.
http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/37491.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kager, L A. “The effect of progesterone on equine endometrial morphology, gland surface density and uterocalin secretion.” 2006. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Kager LA. The effect of progesterone on equine endometrial morphology, gland surface density and uterocalin secretion. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2006. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/37491.
Council of Science Editors:
Kager LA. The effect of progesterone on equine endometrial morphology, gland surface density and uterocalin secretion. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2006. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/37491
Universiteit Utrecht
17.
Delft, T.V.A.F. van.
Effect of climate on the success of an equine embryo transfer program.
Degree: 2006, Universiteit Utrecht
URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/34061
Subjects/Keywords: Diergeneeskunde; Climate, equine, embryo transfer
Record Details
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Record Details
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Delft, T. V. A. F. v. (2006). Effect of climate on the success of an equine embryo transfer program. (Doctoral Dissertation). Universiteit Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/34061
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Delft, T V A F van. “Effect of climate on the success of an equine embryo transfer program.” 2006. Doctoral Dissertation, Universiteit Utrecht. Accessed January 16, 2021.
http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/34061.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Delft, T V A F van. “Effect of climate on the success of an equine embryo transfer program.” 2006. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Delft TVAFv. Effect of climate on the success of an equine embryo transfer program. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2006. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/34061.
Council of Science Editors:
Delft TVAFv. Effect of climate on the success of an equine embryo transfer program. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2006. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/34061
. 
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