▼ The knowledge of the leaf area is required every time the sugarcane is subjected to evaluation in which different varieties are compared or submitted to different environmental conditions, managements or fertilizations, therefore evidently showing alteration in dimensions of the plant leaves, so affecting the photosynthetic process. Although the higher breathing-photosynthesis balance increases the amount of the assimilates available to vegetative growth (Net assimilation rate), the preferential carbon allocation for the different fractions of the leaf-plant, stalks, and root system, that is conditioned by the medium and/or management, can change the growth indexes. Thus, the estimates of those indexes can supply subsidies for understanding the adaptations of the plants under different medium conditions: light, temperature, moisture and soil fertility. The growth analysis is considered as standard method, since it is fundamentally based on the fact that about 95% on average of the dry matter accumulated by plants during growth rather result from the photosynthetic activity (Benincasa, 2003). The remaining comes from the absorption of mineral nutrients. Although at lower amounts, the mineral nutrients are indispensable to the vegetal growth and development, since they are absorbed and incorporated into every vegetative biomass. On direct or indirect way, they participate into production of the organic compounds as well as in sucrose´, that is produced from the phosphates-trioses transported from the chloroplast to cytosol and is mainly exported to the vacuoles. The present study was carried out to evaluate the methods for estimation of the leaf area, population density, growth and yield of two sugarcane cultivars provided with high productive potential and fertilized with different phosphorus doses in the cane plant cycle. The randomized block experimental design was used with five replicates under a factorial scheme 2 x 6, and the treatments were composed by the cultivars RB867515 and RB92579 under six P doses (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg ha-1). At planting time, all plots were given amounts corresponding to 33 and 200 kg ha-1 N and K, respectively. When beginning the rainy season at 210 DAP, either side-dressing fertilization and the micronutrient fertilization at the doses 67; 6; 6; and 7 kg ha-1 N, Cu, Mn and Zn, respectively were accomplished along the cropping line. Nine evaluations were performed with plants collected within 2.4 m2 at 30-days average intervals for estimation of the leaf area by two methods, plant population and dry matter accumulation in either photosynthetically active leaves and the whole plant. The tenth sampling was accomplished at 458 DAP in order to determine the yield of the apparent sucrose. After obtaining the data, the statistical analysis was accomplished, by using the program SISVAR. The estimate of the leaf area by using just the leaf +3 is an alternative to the conventional estimate method, when determining the foliar area for sugarcane crop. The increased phosphate… Advisors/Committee Members: Oliveira, Mauro Wagner de, CPF:33432082649, OLIVEIRA, Mauro Wagner de, Ferreira, Vilma Marques, CPF:83910786472, FERREIRA, V. M., Silva, José Vieira, CPF:33059837368, SILVA, J. V., Santiago, Antonio Dias, CPF:15091678115, SANTIAGO, A. D..

▼ Sugar cane is a culture which presents important economic expression in Brazil; in the next years, its production demands must be increased. One of the most fastest and efficient way to elevate the productivity of the culture has been the use of genetically modified varieties proceeding from botanic seeds which were obtained by means of hybridization. Founded on its importance to the improving process, this work aimed to study the physiological quality, to determine the content of water and the storage of sugar cane seeds. To determine the percentage of fertile spikelets, four 0,5 g samples were taken, that were obtained from distinct crossings (RB92579 x RB92606, RB92606 x RB92579, RB92579 x ? e RB92606 x ?). From each one of the samples the quantity of spikelets was determined. Subsequently, these spikelets had its caryopsis extracted, and after that they were counted; the percentage of fertility was then calculated. The percentage and the germination speed index both of the spikelets and the isolated caryopsis were evaluated, by means of tests carried out in two environments (field and laboratory). The following concentrations were used to evaluate the effect of GA3 e KNO3 on germination: 0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 mg L-1 de GA3 e 0 e 0,2% de KNO3. This test was carried out in laboratory, by using spikelets proceeding from the biparental crossing RB92579 x RB92606. To determine the minimum size of the sample, spikelets from two crossings (RB92579 x ? e RB92606 x ? ) were used. From each crossing, samples with different masses (0,2; 0,4; 0,6; 0,8 e 1,0 gram) were used through four replications. Aiming to evaluate the effect of the storage, two monthly experiments were set up in two environments (field and laboratory), using spikelets that were kept in refrigerated room. These experiments were conducted on the completely random design. For each crossing, four replications of 200 seeds, or 50 caryopsis, were carried out. Countings were carried out in a daily base, by adopting the technological criteria. The analyzed variables were the percentage and the speed indices of germination. The obtained results showed that the crossings differed with regard to the number of fertile spikelets and of caryopsis by gram. As a consequence of this, they also differed with regard to the percentage of fertile spikelets and to the speed indices of germination. The bi-parental crossings presented a larger number of spikelets, while the multiple crossings showed a larger production of caryopsis. Seeds which were obtained from the RB92579 x RB92606 crossing presented very low percentages both of fertile spikelets and germination. With regard to the pre-germinating treatments, positive effect of the giberelic acid on the stimulus of germination could be observed, since it elevated the germination to the level of fertile spikelets of the crossing. The treatment which contained potassium nitrate did not differ of the control, even in presence of GA3. This fact shows that this compound annulated the promoting effect of germination of the… Advisors/Committee Members: Ferreira, Vilma Marques, CPF:83910786472, FERREIRA, V. M., Araújo Neto, João Correia de, CPF:39820688353, ARAÚJO NETO, João Correia de, Gonçalves, Edilma Pereira, CPF:87312581404, GONÇALVES, E. P., Silva, José Vieira, CPF:33059837368, SILVA, J. V..

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Purpose of this research was to investigate physiological differences between monocots (Digitaria horizontalis) and dicots (Emilia coccinea) in function on the application of the mixture of herbicides clomazone + ametryn and its relation with mortality of these species. For this, conducted two experiments, one for each species, where was applied the herbicide mixture in four doses: 0 (water); 2.5 L. ha-1 (0.5 kg a.i ha-1 of clomazone + 0.75 kg a.i.ha-1 of ametrina) ; 5 L. ha-1 ( 1 kg a.i ha-1 of clomazone + 1.5 kg a.i ha-1 of ametrina) e 10 L. ha- 1 (2 kg a.i ha-1 of clomazone + 3 kg a.i ha-1 of ametrina), when the plants were 30 days after sowing. Physiological variables studied were levels of photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence emission, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity, electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation 72 hours after the apliccation. After 25 days of the application were counted the frequency of dead plants and dry matter accumulation per plant. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and exponential or linear regression analysis. The total chlorophyll and carotenoids decreased exponentially with increasing doses of the mixture in the two species studied. The values of maximum fluorescence (Fm), maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and effective quantum yield (YIELD) also decreased exponentially for both species, since the minimal fluorescence (Fo) decreased linearly for both. The SOD activity decreased linearly in both species, but this decrease was more pronounced in monocots. The APX showed no significant change in its activity. The dicots showed a linear increase more pronounced in electrolyte leakage compared with the monocot. For lipid peroxidation, the species were similar to those electrolyte leakage. In relation to plant mortality, the dose of 10 L.ha-1 eliminated only 53.84% of the population of D. horizontalis while the same dose for E. coccinea eliminated 100% of the population. Given the observations, concluded that the species that suffered the greatest damage of the cell membrane was obtained more reduction in dry matter per plant and a higher percentage of mortality. And other mechanisms than those evaluated in this study may be related to increased tolerance of D. horizontalis to mixture of ametryn+clomazone.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

O objetivo da pesquisa foi verificar diferenças fisiológicas entre mono (Digitaria horizontalis) e dicotiledôneas (Emilia coccinea) em função da aplicação da mistura de herbicidas clomazone+ametrina e sua relação com a mortalidade dessas espécies. Para isso, foram realizados dois experimentos, um para cada espécie, onde aplicou-se a mistura de herbicidas clomazone e ametrina, em quatro doses: 0 (água); 2,5 L. ha-1 (0,5 kg i.a ha-1 de clomazone + 0,75 kg i.a.ha-1 de ametrina) ; 5 L. ha-1 ( 1 kg i.a ha-1 de clomazone + 1,5 kg i.a ha-1 de ametrina) e 10 L. ha-1 (2 kg i.a ha-1 de clomazone + 3 kg i.a ha-1 de ametrina), aos 30 dias após a semeadura. As variáveis…

Advisors/Committee Members: Ferreira, Vilma Marques, CPF:83910786472, FERREIRA, V. M., Nascimento, Ronaldo do, CPF:43724086415, NASCIMENTO, R. do., Endres, Laurício, CPF:54187648020, ENDRES, L., Silva, José Vieira, CPF:33059837368, SILVA, J. V..

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Growth models for the sugarcane crop express plant growth based on the net photosynthesis (gross photosynthesis less respiration). Determination of gross photosynthesis (GP) can be made according to the intercepted solar radiation by a rectangular hyperbolic equation. Therefore, this work, conducted at the Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, aimed to evaluate RB varieties (RB92579, RB863129, RB931003, RB93509, RB72454, RB867515, RB951541, RB971755 and RB98710) of irrigated sugarcane in relation to the intercepted photosynthetic active radiation (PARINT) and the estimation of accumulated GP from February 2008 to February 2009. To achieve this, biometric measurements (leaf area and number of tillers) and production variables: tons of cane per hectare (TCH) and tons of sugar per hectare (TSH) were performed in a randomized outline with four repetitions. The photosynthetic irradiance (PAR) was estimated as 44% of the solar irradiation (Rg), and PARINT as the difference between PAR and transmitted PAR (PART). The PART was determined using the Beer law ( ( K IAF) T RFA = RFA exp − ), with the coefficient of light attenuation (K) equal to 0.58. The estimation of daily GP was obtained by a numerical integration with trapezoidal approach. It was also made a temporal analysis of growth through simulations of leaf area index (LAI) according to degree-days (GD). The start of the cultivation (365 days duration) was considered the 1st day of each month for the four years (2004-2007). The TCH and TSH had correlations with the accumulated PARINT and GP during the cycle. The average solar radiation of the region's rainy season, from May to August, (71 to 193 days after ratooning) was 14.9 MJ m-2.. The RB92579 variety had the highest values TCH and TSH as the highest estimates of accumulative PARINT and GP during the cycle. In simulations of growth for the RB varieties of sugarcane, the months of March and February had the highest accumulation PARINT and GP.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Modelos de crescimento para a cultura da cana-de-açúcar expressam o crescimento das plantas baseados na fotossíntese liquida (fotossíntese bruta menos respiração). Determinações da fotossíntese bruta (FB) podem ser feitas em função da radiação solar interceptada através de uma equação hiperbólica retangular. Assim, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho, realizado no Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal de Alagoas, avaliar variedades RB (RB92579, RB863129, RB931003, RB93509, RB72454, RB867515, RB951541, RB971755 e RB98710) de canas-de-açúcar irrigadas em relação à radiação fotossinteticamente ativa interceptada (RFAINT) e a estimativa da FB acumulada, entre fevereiro de 2008 a fevereiro de 2009. Para isso, foram realizadas medidas biométricas (área foliar e número de perfilhos) e variáveis de produção (toneladas de colmos por hectare (TCH) e toneladas de açúcar por hectare (TPH)), em delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. A irradiância…

Advisors/Committee Members: Souza, José Leonaldo de, CPF:78658214668, SOUZA, José Leonaldo de, Lyra, Gustavo Bastos, CPF:02120916462, LYRA, G. B., Silva, José Vieira, CPF:33059837368, SILVA, J. V., Moura Filho, Gilson, CPF:22406840549, MOURA FILHO, G..

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The experiment was conducted at Experimental Station of Flowering and Cruzamento of the Serra do Ouro -PMGCA RIDESA ,in the municipality of Murici - AL (09 ° 14 '22, 86 "N, 35 º 50' 11.05" W, 480 m height). The cultivar RB867515 was underwent to four different treatments, T0 - only conventional fertilization (28, 44, 28, 6, 6 and 3 grams of N, P, K, Zn, Cu and Mn, respectively), T1 - conventional fertilization + 2 kg of gypsum (1 kg at the bottom of the pit and 1 kg in coverage), T2 - conventional fertilization + 0.058 mol-1 of calcium sulphate in the leaf e T3 - conventional fertilization + 0.058 mol-1 of potassium silicate in the leaf. Each experimental plot consisted of a clump. Before and after flowering (at 183 and 239 days after planting respectively) were evaluated morphological parameters such as counting the number of stems per plot, height, stalk diameter and number of internodes per stem. The data were underwent avarage comparison by Tukey. The biochemical analysis of the apical meristem of plants of the variety RB867515 show that application of foliar calcium resulted in its accumulation produces a negative correlation between the calcium and potassium in the plant, which may have caused the delay and the decrease in flowering plants this treatment. The application of silicon on the leaves have little or no influence on the composition of minerals, sugars in the apical meristem and on the process of flowering.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas

O presente trabalho teve por finalidade avaliar o efeito da aplicação de cálcio e silício no florescimento da variedade de cana-de-açúcar RB867515. Para tanto, o experimento foi instalado na área experimental da Estação de Florescimento e Cruzamento Serra do Ouro - PMGCA - RIDESA, município de Murici AL (09º 14 22, 86 S, 35º 50 11,05 W, 480 m de altitude). A cultivar RB867515 foi submetida a quatro diferentes tratamentos, sendo T0 adubação convencional (28, 44, 28, 6, 6 e 3 gramas de N, P, K, Zn, Cu e Mn, respectivamente), T1 adubação convencional + 2 kg de gesso (1 kg no fundo da cova e 1 kg em cobertura), T2 adubação convencional + 0,058 mol-1 de sulfato de cálcio via foliar, T3 adubação convencional + 0,058 mol-1 de silicato de potássio via foliar. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados com dez repetições. A parcela experimental foi composta por uma touceira. Antes e depois do florescimento (aos 183 e 239 dias após o plantio respectivamente), foram avaliados parâmetros morfológicos como: contagem do número de colmos por parcela, altura, diâmetro de colmos e número médio de entrenós por colmo. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos a análise de variância e teste de médias por Tukey. As análises bioquímicas do meristema apical das plantas da variedade RB867515 mostram que a aplicação de cálcio via foliar resultou no seu acúmulo produzindo uma correlação negativa entre os teores de cálcio e potássio na planta, o que pode ter causado o retardo e a diminuição do florescimento nas plantas deste tratamento. A…

Advisors/Committee Members: Endres, Laurício, CPF:54187648020, ENDRES, L., Ferreira, Vilma Marques, CPF:83910786472, FERREIRA, V. M., Silva, José Vieira, CPF:33059837368, SILVA, J. V., Verissimo, Valtair, CPF:88957357068, VERISSIMO, V..

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The variability of total annual precipitation of rain and its distribution during the rainy season in the region of Arapiraca, explains most of the fluctuations in crop yield, which occurs in different years and locations. However, regional water conditions for agriculture must also be considered taking into account the storage capacity of water form the soil. Water is essential to productivity of crops and their consumption is determined by water evaporative demand of the atmosphere, soil type and plants characteristics. A good distribution of rainfall regulates water factor of production, preventing soil moisture is reduced to levels that condition the plant water stress. In particular, the corn grown in the irrigation system in this region has the yield highly dependent on interactions between their phenological phases and water availability which is determined by the storage of water from the soil and the irregularity of the rainfall regime. This work aimed to analyze the sowing dates of maize which have lower risk of water stress during sowing until 10 days after flowering in the region of Arapiraca. For this, calculations were made of daily water balance for two soil types, representing the region of cultivation of maize, with precipitation data of a 37 years period, from the meteorological station of old Empresa de Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas - EPEAL and the Secretaria Municipal de Arapiraca - SEMAG, considering the life cycle of maize cultivar BR 106 of Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária -EMBRAPA, sown in the period March to August. Also was calculated the accumulated degree-days (GDA) for maize in the sowing- flowering period to estimate dates of flowering for the different simulated sowing dates. Through an analysis of the frequency distribution of the satisfaction water indices of culture (ISH), obtained from daily water balance, it is calculated the probability of this index is above 0.5 with probabilities exceeding 80% in time of sowing and the critical phase of requirement of water by maize (10 days before flowering and 10 days later). The results allowed the determination of planting calendar for maize in the region of Arapiraca - AL starting on 01 June and ending on June 30 for the two soil types studied.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas

A variabilidade dos totais anuais das precipitações pluviais e sua distribuição durante a estação chuvosa na região de Arapiraca, explica grande parte das flutuações no rendimento das culturas, que ocorre em diferentes anos e locais. Porém, as condições hídricas regionais para a agricultura devem ser analisadas também se levando em consideração a capacidade de armazenamento de água dos solos. A água é fator fundamental a produtividade das culturas e seu consumo é determinado pela demanda evaporativa da atmosfera, tipo de solo e características das plantas. A boa distribuição das precipitações pluviais regula o fator água de produção, impedindo que a umidade do solo reduza-se para níveis que condicionem estresse hídrico as plantas.…

Advisors/Committee Members: Souza, José Leonaldo de, CPF:78658214668, SOUZA, José Leonaldo de, Moura Filho, Gilson, CPF:22406840549, MOURA FILHO, G., Silva, José Vieira, CPF:33059837368, SILVA, J. V., Santiago, Antonio Dias, CPF:15091678115, SANTIAGO, A. D..

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This study aimed to characterize the physiological responses to drought of two sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) varieties in order to contribute information to study the physiological processes involved in plant adaptation to drought. To this end, an experiment was installed in a completely randomized design in a greenhouse at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology of the Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, located in Rio Largo - AL (9° 28 S, 35° 49 W, with 127 m of altitude), and where the varieties RB855536 and RB867515 with contrasting responses to drought, were subjected to two, four, six and eight days of water stress and rehydration. The physiological and biochemical variables were analyzed, leaf water potential (w), solute potential (s), chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm and ФPSII), soluble sugars (glucose, fructose, sucrose) and starch and antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Water stress resulted in significant reduction in the w and s in two varieties studied, which did not support a drought of more than six days. After rehydration, the varieties studied, showed the ability to restore in the w and s. The RB867515 had greater reductions in the w and s in relation to RB855536. Both varieties studied presented chronic and dynamic photoinhibition gradually with the increase in time of drought stress and a strong reduction in the quantum potential efficiency (Fv/Fm) and effective (ΦPSII). The variety RB867515 showed higher capacity of recovery of the ΦPSII and rapair the effects of photoinhibition. The drought caused the decrease in the levels of sucrose and starch in two varieties, with greater reduction of recovery sucrose and starch compared to control, presented by RB867515. Increases in the levels of glucose and fructose were also observed in both varieties under water restriction. Changes in levels of sugars, indicating that rising levels of glucose and fructose occurred through the degradation of sucrose and starch, likely to hold the osmotic adjustment. The variety RB867515 showed higher activity of CAT and APX, in relation to RB855536, and SOD activity increased with increasing time of drought. In this work, the variety RB867515 showed greater efficiency in the activation of mechanisms of tolerance to drought stress.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

O presente estudo teve por objetivo, caracterizar fisiologicamente as respostas à seca de duas variedades de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.), afim de contribuir com informações para o estudo dos processos fisiológicos envolvidos na adaptação das plantas ao déficit hídrico. Para tanto, instalou-se um experimento em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em casa de vegetação no Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal de Alagoas, localizado no município de Rio Largo - AL (9° 28 S, 35° 49 W, a 127 m de altitude), onde as…

Advisors/Committee Members: Endres, Laurício, CPF:54187648020, ENDRES, L., Teixeira, Marcelo Menossi, CPF:65482069915, http://lattes.cnpq.br/9861339870761985, Silva, José Vieira, CPF:33059837368, SILVA, J. V., Martins, Joeferson Reis, CPF:05153291693, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3560413022072906.

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The soil water deficit is a problem that affects much of the cultivated areas in the world, especially those located in semi-arid regions. The sugarcane is a crop growing in northeastern Brazil, where the limitation of water availability affects growth and development of the plant, causing social and economic damage. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate, in a comparative way, the physiological aspects of six genotypes of cane sugarcane (RB931011, RB931013, RB72010, CL001, CL002 and CL003) submitted to water deficit during early vegetative growth under greenhouse conditions, at the Centre for Agrarian Sciences of the Federal University of Alagoas, Rio Largo, State of Alagoas, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized in factorial arrangement 6x3 with four replications. Water levels were defined as follows: control (80-100% of available water in soil - AW), mild stress (AW 40-60%) and severe stress (0-20% AW). Plants of 19 days were transplanted to pots. The treatments were applied to 80 days after transplanting and the pots were weighed daily to control of the humidity. Were taken periodically the SPAD readings, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (quantum efficiency potential - Fv / Fm and effective quantum efficiency - ΦPSII) and measurements of leaf area. At the end of the experiment were measured the leaf water potential, plant height, tiller number and dry weight of leaf, stem plus sheath and shoot. Were also quantified the levels of photosynthetic pigments, osmoregulators (soluble sugars, proline, N-amino and proteins) and the enzyme activity of oxidative defense. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and average test (Tukey, 5% probability). Overall, there was reduction in the levels of photosynthetic pigments according to the intensity of stress. The w was reduced by the drought stress, however, the cultivar RB931011 showed no significant reduction in the water levels in the predawn and at noon, showed the smallest reduction when subjected to moderate stress. The Fv/Fm ratio was reduced by the treatments for genotypes RB931011, RB72910 and CL002, at noon, with high recovery rate during the night time (readings at 4:00 am). The RB72910 showed the greatest reduction in ΦPSII, SPAD index, content of chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and ratio chla/chlb, but kept the carotenoids content. Regarding the osmoregulators, were increased the N-α-amino-soluble, free proline, soluble carbohydrate and were decreased the soluble protein amount, depending on water levels, independent of the genotypes. There was an increase in the level of malonilaldehyde (MDA) in response to water stress, more intense in RB931011 and RB931013 varieties. For the ascorbate peroxidase activity, there was a greater increase in CL002, even showing stability for catalase. Water stress reduced the initial growth and total dry matter production, and induced the activation of the oxidative defenses of sugarcane plants. RB72910 and CL001 genotypes showed higher tolerance to water deficit.

Conselho Nacional…

Advisors/Committee Members: Ferreira, Vilma Marques, CPF:83910786472, FERREIRA, V. M., Silva, José Vieira, CPF:33059837368, SILVA, J. V., Verissimo, Valtair, CPF:88957357068, VERISSIMO, V., Oliveira, Mauro Wagner de, CPF:33432082649, OLIVEIRA, Mauro Wagner de.

▼ The water deficiency of soil is a problem that affects good part of the areas cultivated in the world, over all, to those situated ones in the half-barren regions. The sugarcane is a culture in expansion in the Northeast of Brazil, where the limitation in the water availability for the plant affects the growth and the development of the plant, causing, excessively, social and economics damages. Thus, the present work had for purpose to evaluate, in comparative way, the response of four sugarcane varieties (SP79-1011, RB72454, RB98710 and RB92579) when submitted to water stress during the initial phase of vegetative growth, aiming to identify to morphophysiological characteristics and biochemists that may serve like markers, assisting, the genetics breedings programs of the culture in the crossing process and selection of new varieties. For this, the plants had been cultivated in greenhouse of the Academic Unit Center of Agrarian Sciences, Campus Delza Gitaí, of the UFAL, in Rio Largo, State of Alagoas. The study was a factorial (4 varieties x 3 levels of water based on field capacity [fc]), in completely randomized design with 5 replications. The levels of water in soil were defined like this: control (80 to 100% of fc), moderate stress (40 to 60% of fc) and severe stress (0 to 20% of fc). The analyzed variables had been: gaseous exchanges (stomatal conductance [gs], liquid photosynthesis [A] transpiration [E] and water use efficiency of the yield [WUEy]), fluorescence of chlorophyll a (Fv/Fm), leaf water potential (Ψw), photosynthetic pigments, organics solutes, number of tillers, diameter and height of stem, leaf area, final number of emitted leaf and production of biomass in all the parts of the plant. The data had been submitted to the analysis of variance and the averages compared between itself for the test of Tukey, with P < 0,05. The water deficiency provoked significant reductions in gs, E, A and in the WUEy, independent of the variety. Varieties SP79-1011 and RB98710 had presented greater stomatic sensitivity, reducing gs and E to the 71 days after beginning of stress of it, even under control. However, under such conditions the A was little affected, indicating that the plants are capable to keep the photosynthetic rate with stomata closed partially. The water stress provoked a little reduction in the potential photochemistry of the studied varieties. The RB72454 kept the base Ψw and midday more raised that most of varieties, independent of water condition, while the RB92579 presented the lesser values of Ψw under water stress conditions, indicating that the same one has ability of osmotic adjustment. The water deficiency reduced chlorophyll contents in all the varieties and it did not modify the carotenoids contents in varieties SP79-1011 and RB98710, providing to the same ones, bigger protection against the photo-oxidation. The water stress raised the levels of free proline in varieties SP79-1011, RB72454 and RB92579 and provoked reduction in the growth of the four sugarcane… Advisors/Committee Members: Ferreira, Vilma Marques, CPF:83910786472, FERREIRA, V. M., Silva, José Vieira, CPF:33059837368, SILVA, J. V., Bezerra, Marlos Alves, CPF:9999998178, BEZERRA, M. A., Endres, Laurício, CPF:54187648020, ENDRES, L., Oliveira, Mauro Wagner de, CPF:33432082649, OLIVEIRA, Mauro Wagner de.

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The sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is a species adapted to the tropical climatic conditions and has been presenting fundamental function in the economical development in the Southeast and Northeast regions of the Brasil. The adaptation capacity of the culture to the different cultivation environment can be evaluated through the growth analysis, from the physiologic answers and of the biological and economical production. Thus, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the growth, leaf pigment photosynthetic and yield of four sugarcane varieties (RB92579, SP79-1011, RB931530 and RB93509), in the Tabuleiros Costeiros region, in the State of Alagoas. The work was developed in the experimental area of Centro de Ciências Agrárias, of the Ferderal University of Alagoas in Rio Largo city (09°28'02 ''S; 35°49'43 ''W and altitude de 127m). The statistical design was in random blocks, with four treatments and five replications. They number of plants per meter, stem diameter, plants height, leaf area and leaves area rate (IAF) were evaluated, the measurements began 30 days after the harvest (DAC), except the number of plants that went measured 90 DAC. The leaf pigments photosynthetic were appraised in the period between 213 and 284 DAC. Other evaluations such as: raw material quality, dry mass and yield were evaluated in the harvest period 360 DAC, and the data was submitted to the variance analysis and the averages compared by the Tukey test, with P ≤ 0,05. The results showed that the maximum sprouting happened 90 DAC for all the studied varieties, and the variety RB92579 presented the largest sprouting and the largest stem height in the harvest period. The stem diameter of the RB931530 variety was better than the others, however, it obtained the smallest contents chlorophyll a, b and total and larger correlation (r) between the reading of SPAD-502 and the chlorophylls contents. The RB92579 and BR93509 varieties were better than the others in relation to the sugar production of dry matter and yield, however they differed to each other just to the dry matter. The RB92579 and RB931530 varieties were similar to the soluble solids content (BRIX), percentage of rude sugar (PCC) and recoverable total sugar (ATR).

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A cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.) é uma espécie amplamente adaptada às condições climáticas tropicais e tem apresentado papel fundamental no desenvolvimento econômico das regiões Sudeste e Nordeste do país. A capacidade de adaptação da cultura aos diferentes ambientes de cultivo pode ser avaliada através da análise de crescimento, das respostas fisiológicas e da produção biológica e econômica. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o crescimento, os pigmentos fotossintéticos foliares e a produtividade de quatro variedades de cana-de-açúcar (RB92579, SP79-1011, RB931530 e RB93509), na região dos Tabuleiros Costeiros de Alagoas. O experimento foi conduzido no Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal…

Advisors/Committee Members: Ferreira, Vilma Marques, CPF:83910786472, FERREIRA, V. M., Endres, Laurício, CPF:54187648020, ENDRES, L., Silva, José Vieira, CPF:33059837368, SILVA, J. V., Souza, José Leonaldo de, CPF:78658214668, SOUZA, José Leonaldo de, Silva, Paulo de Albuquerque, CPF:91470269520, SILVA, P. A..

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In Brazil there is still no variety of commercial transgenic sugarcane used in large scale, although biotechnological research in the area of gene expression has been performed in order to obtain varieties that can be cultivated in low rainfall, high temperatures and in low fertil soils. In the present work it was analised the diferencial gene expression in leaves of the variety of sugarcane RB72910 in field capacity and under severe water stress in a greenhouse. The evaluation was done using the technique real-time RT-PCR a powerful tool used to identify and quantify significant changes in the levels of transcripts, facilitating the selection of candidate genes for use in transgenic plants. For this we analized the expression of 11 genes in leaf samples in two conditions of water regime. The genes analyzed were: DNAJ, PGR5, H1, PSI, LTP, WIP, ZmPIP2-1, ZmTIP4-2, SAMDC and two genes with unknown functions. It was observed that the variety studied showed diferential gene expression under water stress mainly for genes encoding proteins of the protective fotosynthetic system and for maintenance of the homeostasis. Thus, it was concluded that the genotype RB72910 has important agronomical traits of fotoprotection and adaptation to drought.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas

No Brasil ainda não há uma variedade de cana-de-açúcar transgênica comercial usada em larga escala, porém pesquisas biotecnológicas na área de expressão gênica estão sendo feitas visando a obtenção de variedades que possam ser cultivadas em condições de baixa pluviosidade, altas temperaturas e solos com pouca fertilidade. No presente trabalho foi analisada a expressão gênica diferencial em folhas na variedade de cana-deaçúcar RB72910 nas condições de capacidade de campo e sob estresse hídrico severo em casa de vegetação. A avaliação foi feita por meio da técnica real-time RT-PCR, uma potente ferramenta usada para identificar e quantificar mudanças significativas nos níveis de transcritos, facilitando a seleção de genes candidatos à utilização em transgenia. Para isso foi analisada a expressão de 11 genes em amostras foliares em duas condições de regime hídrico. Os genes analisados foram: DNAJ, PGR5, H1, PSI, LTP, WIP, ZmPIP2-1, ZmTIP4-2, SAMDC e dois genes com funções indeterminadas. Observou-se que a variedade estudada demonstrou expressão diferencial sob estresse hídrico principalmente para genes que codificam proteínas de proteção do sistema fotossintético e de manutenção da homeostase. Com isso, concluímos que o genótipo RB72910 apresenta importantes características agronômicas de fotoproteção e de adaptação à seca.

Advisors/Committee Members: Almeida, Cicero Carlos de Souza, CPF:02719760471, ALMEIDA, C. C. S., Andrade, Tiago Gomes de, CPF:02697210458, De ANDRADE, T. G., Silva, José Vieira, CPF:33059837368, SILVA, J. V., Caetano, Luiz Carlos, CPF:28358996615, CAETANO, L. C..

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This work s general purpose was to verify intra- and interspecific interactions between seedlings of caatinga tree species, to quantify the mass allocation proportions for each species in the presence of intra- and interspecific pairs ; as also, quantify the interference of each species in their intra e inter pairs. The experiment was executed in a greenhouse with 50% shading, 168 pots of 1kg, each vase containing one pair of seedling, during 105 days. Six species of seedling trees were used in an incomplete factorial combination 6 x 2, corresponding to six species and two soils, with four repetitions. The species used were: Anadenanthera colubrine (Vell.) Brenan var. cebil (Griseb.) Altschul; Amburana cearensis (Mart.) Gillett; Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl.; Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) L.P.Queiroz; Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart.; Bauhinia cheilantha (Bong.) Steud.. Among these species, Bauhinia cheilantha and Schinopsis brasiliensis demonstrated to be strong interespecifics competitors, while Amburana cearensis and Poincianella pyramidalis strong intraespecifics competitors. The mass allocations were differed by species and by nutrients availability. Similar papers utilizing these species and these approaches are scarce in the literature, but extremely important to understand the structure of dry tropical forests.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo geral verificar as interações intra e interespecíficas entre plantas jovens de espécies arbóreas da caatinga, para, assim, poder quantificar as proporções de alocação de massa para cada espécie nas presenças de pares intraespecíficos e interespecíficos; como também, quantificar a interferência de cada espécie em seus pares intra e interespecífico. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação com sombreamento de 50%, com 168 vasos de 1 kg, contendo um par de cada espécie, durante 105 dias. Foram utilizadas seis espécies de plantas arbóreas em uma combinação fatorial incompleta 6 x 2, correspondendo às seis espécies e dois solos, com quatro repetições. As espécies utilizadas foram: Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan var. cebil (Griseb.) Altschul; Amburana cearensis (Mart.) Gillett; Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl.; Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) L.P.Queiroz; Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart.; Bauhinia che lantha (Bong.) Steud.. Dentre essas espécies, Bauhinia cheilantha e Schinopsis brasiliensis demonstraram ser fortes competidoras interespecíficas, enquanto Amburana cearensis e Poincianella pyramidalis fortes competidoras intraespecíficas. As alocações de massa diferiram por espécie e por disponibilidade de nutrientes. Trabalhos semelhantes com essas espécies e nessa abordagem são escassos na literatura, mas de importância relevante para o entendimento da estruturação de florestas secas.

Advisors/Committee Members: Sampaio, Everardo Valadares de Sa Barretto, CPF:07063342487, http://lattes.cnpq.br/0036350961788246, Moura, Flávia de Barros Prado, CPF:72515783449, MOURA, F. B. P., Lima, Andre Luiz Alves de, CPF:03186118484, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3425654823765293, Silva, José Vieira, CPF:33059837368, SILVA, J. V., Almeida, Cicero Carlos de Souza, CPF:02719760471, ALMEIDA, C. C. S..

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

A cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp) é uma cultura em expansão no Brasil, necessitando de práticas que aumentem a produtividade nos diferentes ecossistemas do país. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho, teve como objetivo avaliar o crescimento inicial e a tolerância à seca da variedade de cana-de-açúcar RB92579 com a aplicação de bioestimulantes e enraizadores. Para isso, foi realizado um experimento em casa de vegetação, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: T1 Controle; T2 - AIB (Ácido Indolbutírico), na concentração de 1000 mg.L-1; T3 - B+Zn (Bórax, 10 Kg por hectare + Sulfato de Zinco, 20 Kg por hectare); T4 - Triptofano, 7,2 Kg por hectare; T5 - (Kymon Plus®, 1,0 L por hectare + Potamol® 0,5 L por hectare) e T6 - Stimulate®, 0,5 L por hectare. Aos 41 e 124 DAP foram coletados dados morfológicos e de biomassa para análise do crescimento inicial da planta. Aos 117 dias após o plantio foi suspensa a rega por 36 horas para avaliar o efeito dos bioestimulantes e enraizadores em mitigar o efeito do estresse hídrico. A aplicação de AIB e Stimulate® proporcionaram maiores taxas de crescimento e acúmulo de biomassa. A aplicação de Ubyfol e Stimulate® proporcionaram maiores trocas gasosas na ausência de estresse hídrico e aumentaram a eficiência quântica efetiva do PSII mesmo quando a plantas estavam sob estresse hídrico, quando comparadas com o controle. Em plantas sob estresse hídrico moderado, a aplicação de Stimulate® proporcionou a manutenção de maiores taxas de fotossíntese, transpiração e condutância estomática. O experimento deve ser repetido em campo para verificar se esses resultados se traduzem em aumento da produtividade tanto na condição de sequeiro como na condição irrigada.

Advisors/Committee Members: Endres, Laurício, CPF:54187648020, ENDRES, L., Marafon, Anderson Carlos, CPF:02443159906, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3638171620010262, Silva, José Vieira, CPF:33059837368, SILVA, J. V., Verissimo, Valtair, CPF:88957357068, VERISSIMO, V..

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The Brazilian Northeast presents, for the most part, a semi-arid climate, hot and dry. This region is predominantly occupied by the Caatinga biome characterized by presence of xerophytic vegetation, with variety of physiognomy and floristic. Part of the São Francisco River Basin in the states of Alagoas and Sergipe, is part of this biome. However, this presents little knowledge of vegetation component and advanced levels of environmental degradation. For its recovery is essential knowledge of the species ecophysiology to be used for revegetation of the basin areas and especially in marginal areas of the waterways of the Caatinga. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the behavior of species that occur in the Caatinga biome, compared to soil flooding (stress anoxic / hypoxic) in order to indicate the same for revegetation of the marginal areas of the waterways of the Caatinga. Seedlings of Tabebuia aurea, Caesalpinia ferrea, Aspidosperma pyrifolium and Bauhinia forficata, with five months of age were subjected to soil flooding permanent or temporary (flooding followed by drainage). For the flood water depth was maintained between 10-20 mm above ground level. Throughout the experiment we evaluated the fluorescence emission of chlorophyll, before dawn (Fv / Fm) and midday (Fv / Fm and Yield) and chlorophyll content in the third leaf fully developed, using a portable fluorometer modulated light and the SPAD, respectively. At the end of the experiment was determined leaf water potential and chlorophyll (a, b and total), the accumulation of soluble sugars, proline, total amino acids, proteins and activity of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) (newer roots). It was also accompanied the growth of plants during the experiment determining the height, diameter and number of leaves, every four days, and at the end of the experiment the leaf area, biomass accumulation and distribution. Stress reduced the quantum efficiency of photosystem II and SPAD reading in all the seedlings of the species studied, with recovery in these variables when the plants were removed from the stress. Flooding reduced chlorophyll content only in the seedlings of A. pyrifolium and B. forficata subject to flooding. The seedlings of C. ferrea flooded had increased the content of chlorophyll b; however this was reduced in A. pyrifolium and B. forficata the same treatment. The total chlorophyll content was reduced by lack of oxygen only in seedlings of C. ferrea. The four species showed increases in response to stress, in the variables carbohydrate and protein. There was a reduction from plants subjected to flooding in the growth analysis and leaf water potential. The results allowed inferring that T. aurea and B. forficata develop mechanism of tolerance to flooding and better recovery when removed from the stress.

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O nordeste brasileiro é caracterizado por possuir clima semi-árido, quente e seco. Ocupado predominantemente pelo Bioma Caatinga, que apresenta vegetação xerófila, de fisionomia e…

Advisors/Committee Members: Ferreira, Vilma Marques, CPF:83910786472, FERREIRA, V. M., Endres, Laurício, CPF:54187648020, ENDRES, L., Souza, Janaína Monteiro de, CPF:21501672800, http://lattes.cnpq.br/8680869817896536, Silva, José Vieira, CPF:33059837368, SILVA, J. V., Rezende, Leila de Paula, CPF:65270878615, REZENDE, L. P..