▼ 

Turnera subulata L. is a plant belonging to the Turneraceae family and is popularly known in Brazil as chanana. The genus Turnera has about 120 species distributed in the Americas and Africa, being the most representative of the family Turneraceae. Some species of Turnera are highly used in popular medicine for different types of inflammatory diseases. The association between living beings is a vital condition for species unable to achieve alone, as a means of survival for obtaining nutrients and defenses against predatory species. Among the microorganisms, the fungi are those who are most often associated with plants. Endophytic are microorganisms that inhabit the bodies of plants that, at some period of their life cycle, colonize internal tissues of the plant, without causing any apparent damage to its host. From the fragments of leaves from Turnera subulata L. could be isolated a filamentous fungus that was identified as the fungus Phomopsis sp. through traditional microscopy and molecular techniques. In a statistical evaluation it was noted that the endophytic Phomopsis sp. presents a higher growth in BDA and BSA media, as well as in the presence of light. The steroid ergosterol could be isolated from the hexane extract of this fungus and identified by the NMR techniques. In tests of antagonism of the endophytic Phomopsis sp. against phytopathogens, it was observed halum of inhibition against Rhizoctonia sp., Colletotrichum sp. and Pestalotiopsis sp. Concerning the antioxidant activity it was observed that the chloroform extract was more effective than the hexane one. On the other hand all the extracts from the mycelium of Phomopsis sp. and its ethylacetate extract from the cultured filtrate showed no antimicrobial activity against strains of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and Candida glabrata. Therefore it was concluded that Phomopsis sp. may act as endophytic of T. subulata. it has shown to grow best in BDA and BSA medium, as well as under continuous lightining. It produces and accumulates ergosterol in his micelium. It promotes inhibition zone of growth when tested against phytopathogens. His hexanic and chloroform extrat has shown very litte antioxidant activity

Turnera subulata L. é uma planta pertencente à família Turneraceae e popularmente conhecida no Brasil como chanana. O gênero Turnera apresenta cerca de 120 espécies espalhadas nas Américas e África, sendo o mais representativo da família Turneraceae. Algumas espécies de Turnera são altamente utilizadas na medicina popular para diferentes tipos de doenças inflamatórias. A associação entre os seres vivos é uma condição vital para espécies incapazes de conseguirem, sozinhas, meios de sobrevivência como obtenção de nutrientes e defesas contra espécies predadoras. Entre os microrganismos, os fungos são os que se encontram mais frequentemente associados às plantas. Microrganismos endofíticos são os organismos que habitam órgãos de plantas sem causar dano aparente a seu hospedeiro. A partir dos fragmentos de…

Advisors/Committee Members: Caetano, Luiz Carlos, CPF:28358996615, CAETANO, L. C., Abreu, Fabiane Caxico de, CPF:46030425587, ABREU, F. C., Barreto, Emiliano de Oliveira, CPF:04552293761, Barreto, E. O..

▼ 

Clusia nemorosa, popularly known as "pororoca" is used in folk medicine as anti-inflammatory and analgesic. However, until the moment, do not has scientific records to confirm this observation. Thus, motivated by this information, in the present study we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of the hexane extract obtained from the bark and leaf of Clusia nemorosa using different experimental models. In the model of acute inflammation induced by carrageenan, the extract of the bark and leaf were able to inhibit the neutrophil accumulation in the pleural cavity after 4 h of stimulation. In addition, both extracts significantly reduced the levels of TNF-alpha in pleural fluid of animals stimulated with carrageenan. However, in the in vitro studies, only the hexane extract of the leaf was able to demonstrate a direct effect on these cells by inhibiting the chemotaxis of purified human neutrophils stimulated with CXCL1. This inhibition in the cell motility do not seems to be related to events of death, because the analysis by flow cytometry revealed that incubation of human neutrophils with the extracts was not able to interfere with the viability of these cells. In the model of allergic inflammation, only the hexane extract of the bark suppressed the recruitment of eosinophils into the pleural cavity 24 h after antigen challenge in actively sensitized animals. Analysis of gene expression of proteins associated with allergies (IL-5 and CCL11) showed that the bark extract also significantly inhibited the production of messenger RNA for IL-5 and CCL11. In the model of chronic inflammation with granuloma formation induced by cotton implants, we observed that the hexane extract of the bark showed the greatest ability to inhibit the formation of granulomatous tissue. Thus, this set of results supports the popular use of the extract obtained from Clusia nemorosa, and indicates that different parts (bark and leaf) of this plant can become a potential source of substances with antiinflammatory properties.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Clusia nemorosa, conhecida popularmente como pororoca , é empregada na medicina popular como antiinflamatório e analgésico, porém não há registros científicos que confirmem esta observação. Assim, motivados por esta informação, no presente estudo avaliamos o efeito antiinflamatório do extrato hexânico obtido da casca e da folha de Clusia nemorosa utilizando diferentes modelos experimentais. No modelo de inflamação aguda induzida por carragenina, os extratos da casca e da folha foram capazes de inibir o acúmulo de neutrófilos na cavidade pleural de camundongos no tempo de 4 h. Além disso, ambos os extratos reduziram de maneira significativa os níveis de TNF-alfa no fluido pleural de animais estimulados com carragenina. Entretanto, in vitro apenas o extrato hexânico da folha foi capaz de demonstrar um efeito direto sobre estas células por inibir a quimiotaxia de neutrófilos humanos purificados estimulados por CXCL1. Esta inibição na motilidade celular parece não…

Advisors/Committee Members: Barreto, Emiliano de Oliveira, CPF:04552293761, Barreto, E. O., Henriques, Maria das Gracas Muller de Oliveira, CPF:76833046700, Henriques, MG, Conserva, Lucia Maria, CPF:16056426491, Conserva, L. M., Smaniotto, Salete, CPF:42346185949, Smaniotto, S..

▼ 

Bowdichia virgilioides is popularly known as "sucupira-preta", and used in folk medicine for the treatment of various diseases such as inflammation, diabetes, arthritis and skin diseases. This study was undertaken to evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of crude aqueous extract of the bark of Bowdichia virgilioides (EABv) in different experimental models. When administered orally, the EABv reduced the nociception by acetic acid, its effects continued for at least 4 h, a phenomenon which was not reversed by pretreatment with naloxone. Moreover, the extract did not change in the time of latency measured in the model of thermal nociception (hot plate). Thus, the EABv reaches its antinociceptive effects by a pathway independent of the opioid system and with peripheral action. These antinociceptive effects were maintained when even when the extract was prepared from bark collected in different months of the year, indicating that the antinociceptive compounds does not suffer from seasonal influences. The EABv give by i.p. route reaches antinociceptive effects in a concentration ten times lower than the extract administered orally. The EABv was unable to interfere with plasma leakage induced by carrageenan, but was effective in inhibited neutrophilia at 4 h after stimulation. In allergic inflammation, the extract inhibited not only the anaphylactic edema, but also the eosinophilia by a mechanism that seems to depend on the protein production of IL-5 and CCL11. The EABv inhibited the release of histamine after antigenic stimulation of the sensitized tissue in vitro, suggesting a direct effect on the mast cells degranulation. In the model of pellet cotton granuloma formation, the EABv inhibited both the formation of granulomatous tissue on the lymphoproliferative response in lymph nodes. Furthermore, the EABv inhibited the leukocytosis induced by zymosan and the innate immune response shown by the decrease in the rate of phagocytosis by leukocytes. In addition, the EABv not revealed any toxic effect associated with its use. Together, our results support the popular use of the aqueous extract of the bark of B. virgilioides based on their analgesic, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive and anti-alergic effects, associated with a low toxicity.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Bowdichia virgilioides é conhecida popularmente como sucupira-preta , sendo empregada na medicina popular para o tratamento de diferentes agravos, tais como: doenças inflamatórias, diabetes, artrite e dermatoses. No presente estudo avaliamos o efeito antinociceptivo e antiinflamatório do extrato aquoso bruto da casca de Bowdichia virgilioides (EABv) utilizando diferentes modelos experimentais. Quando administrado por via oral, o EABv além de reduzir a nocicepção induzida pelo ácido acético, manteve seus efeitos por no mínimo 4 h, fenômeno que não foi revertido pelo tratamento prévio com naloxona. Além disso, o extrato não interferiu no tempo de latência avaliada no modelo de nocicepção térmica (placa…

Advisors/Committee Members: Barreto, Emiliano de Oliveira, CPF:04552293761, Barreto, E. O., Smaniotto, Salete, CPF:42346185949, Smaniotto, S., Cordeiro, Renato Sergio Balao, CPF:44232144820, http://lattes.cnpq.br/5095727804012321, Rodarte, Renato Santos, CPF:01166429717, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3696478573532280.

▼ The non-alcoholic fat liver diseases (NAFLD) have been presented, recently, as a novel component of the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), representing the oxidative stress a critical role in their progression. In this context, the present study aimed to assess the morphofunctional hepatic alterations and the redox balance in a murine model for the MetS induced by a high calorie diet, after treatment with tempol and apocinina. C57Bl/6 male mice, young (6-8 weeks) and elderly (53-57 weeks), were divided in four groups: control group (CT; n young=8 and n elderly=5), fed with chow diet (14% calories from lipids); DHC group ( n young=9 and n elderly=5), receiving hypercaloric diet for 14 weeks (58,4% calories from lipids); DHC + Tempol group ( n young=4 and n elderly=9), which received hypercaloric diet and treatment with tempol (50mg/kg) in the water for drinking; DHC + Apocinin group ( n young=4 and n elderly=9), fed with a hypercaloric diet and under apocinin treatment (50mg/kg) in the water for drinking. Metabolic and the redox state assessment, as well as the histological analyses were performed. After the end of the experimental period, young DHC animals were not shown to present significant weight gain, being the latter observed in the elderly DHC animals, when compared to CT group. The treatment with tempol and apocinin was not effective in modifying this parameter in both groups. The DHC animals, both young and elderly, showed fasting hyperglicaemia, and the treatment with tempol and apocinin did not change this profile. A significant improvement in the glucose tolerance was observed in the young animals after the treatment with apocinin, but the treatment with tempol failed to show so. In the elderly animals, a significant improvement in the glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity was identified after the treatment with tempol and apocinin. An elevated accumulation of visceral fat was identified in the DHC animals (young and elderly), so that the treatment with tempol and apocinin did not alter this profile. An elevated serum concentration of total cholesterol was shown in the young and elderly DHC animals when compared to the CT group, the same not happening to triglycerides, VLDL and lipid peroxidation in both groups, young and elderly. The pharmacological treatment was not shown to be effective in altering these serum parameters. In the young DHC animals, it was not observed significant changes in the enzymatic activities of the AST and ALT, as well as AST/ALT ratio, ALP, γ-GT, LDH, albumin and total proteins, when compared to the CT group. However, in the DHC elderly animals, and increased AST activity and AST/ALT ratio were observed among these parameters of hepatic assessment. The DHC animals, young and elderly, presented elevated lipid peroxidation and fat liver accumulation, with numerous fat vacuoles at histology. The pharmacological treatment with tempol and apocinin ameliorated, in a qualitative manner, the fat accumulation in the liver, both in the young and elderly animals, without,… Advisors/Committee Members: Rabelo, Luiza Antas, CPF:89353870453, RABELO, L. A., Menezes, Maria Emília da Silva, CPF:89476123400, http://lattes.cnpq.br/6013954511475818, Gitaí, Daniel Leite Góes, CPF:00755523458, http://lattes.cnpq.br/6533097100060916, Barreto, Emiliano de Oliveira, CPF:04552293761, Barreto, E. O..

▼ 

A total of 60% of the area of Alagoas / Brazil is considered endemic to the occurrence of schistosomiasis and is not known the classification of clinical forms of the disease. This work has the objective of evaluating an endemic Schistosomiasis population in Alagoas, taking into account the prevalence, classification of the clinical forms and the results of laboratorial analysis. The sample was made of people from endemic areas of Rio Largo/Alagoas. The participants were submitted to a stool examination by Kato-Katz technique and the diagnostic was made after the reading of two microscopic slides for each sample. The patients positive for schistosomiasis mansoni were submitted to a clinical examination and blood collection. The positivity for Schistosomiasis observed in the population under study was of 8.11%. The medium parasite load was of 79,1+174,3 eggs. The clinical forms found were intestinal (90.57%) and hepatointestinal (9.43%), statistically significant at p<0.001. There were not found serious clinical forms. The present study shows results which update information on Schistosomiasis in the city of Rio Largo, data that, although referring to only three locations of this place, suggest the decrease of the parasite load and the clinical forms as well.

Em torno de 60% do território do estado de Alagoas é considerado área endêmica para esquistossomose mansoni, sendo observadas áreas de moderada a alta prevalência com mais de dois milhões de indivíduos expostos à infecção, não sendo conhecido o atual estadiamento das formas clínicas da parasitose. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de avaliar a população de uma área endêmica de esquistossomose no Estado de Alagoas em relação à prevalência, estadiamento das formas clínicas e dados de exames laboratoriais. A amostra foi constituída de moradores de três áreas endêmicas (Ilha Angelita, Lourenço de Albuquerque e Fazenda Riachão) do município de Rio Largo, Estado de Alagoas. Foram realizados 3.082 exames parasitológico de fezes através da técnica Kato-Katz, sendo o diagnóstico firmado após a leitura de duas lâminas para cada amostra. Do total das amostras, 249 foram positivos para Schistosoma mansoni , correspondendo a uma prevalência de 8,11%. Estes pacientes foram submetidos a exame clínico e coleta de sangue para realização de exames laboratoriais. A média da carga parasitária encontrada foi de 79,1+174,3 ovos. As formas clínicas encontradas foram a intestinal (90,57%) e hepatointestinal (9,43%) sendo uma diferença estatisticamente significativa (p<0,001). Não foram encontradas formas clínicas graves. O presente estudo apresenta resultados que atualizam dados sobre a esquistossomose mansônica no município de Rio Largo e embora sejam referentes a três localidades, sugerem haver uma diminuição da carga parasitária e das formas clínicas graves.

Advisors/Committee Members: Wyszomirska, Rozangela Maria de Almeida Fernandes, CPF:30984529491, WYSZOMIRSKA, R. M. A. F., Soares, Elza Cotrim, CPF:02432803949, SOARES, E. C., Miranda, Claudio Torres de, CPF:58659765834, MIRANDA, C. T., Barreto, Emiliano de Oliveira, CPF:04552293761, Barreto, E. O..

▼ 

In this study we evaluated the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the stem bark of the species Aspidosperma tomentosum in models of pain and inflammation induced in mice. A A. tomentosum belongs to the family Apocynaceae that has been extensively studied and characterized chemically by the frequent occurrence of alkaloids, some of therapeutic importance, such as vinblastine and vincristine. This species is known as pau-pereiro do campo and was collected in the Brazilian cerrado, in the city of Planaltina the state of Goiás, in May 2004. We assessed the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of crude ethanol extract obtained by extraction with 20 L of 90% ethanol, fractions obtained by chromatography adapted, according to a solvent gradient of increasing polarity, and the flavonoid isorhamnetin, obtained in the filtration of crude ethanolic extract of stem bark of A. tomentosum. We conducted the following tests: test of writhing induced by acetic acid, hot plate, formalin, ear edema induced by capsaicin, peritonitis induced by thioglycollate 3%. Was also evaluated motility and / or depression of the central nervous system by the test of catalepsy. For statistical analysis we used ANOVA followed by Dunnet test, the tutorial Prisma ®. Values were considered significant when * p <0.05, ** p <0.01 and *** p <0.001. The results were expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean. In the abdominal writhing test induced by acetic acid, ethanol extract and fractions showed higher inhibition between 50.8% to 59.7%, compared with dipyrone. In the hot plate test, the fractions Hex: CHCl3 50%, 100% CHCl3 and CHCl3: MeOH 5% showed an increase in latency of the animal on the hot plate, and this result was reversed in the presence of naloxone. In the test of nociception induced by formalin, the crude ethanol extract and its fractions presented significant results in both phases of testing, when compared to control, and the CHCl3 100% fraction presented better performance in both phases (average latency time of 61s and 75s the first and second phases, respectively). In the test of ear edema induced by capsaicin only the soluble fraction of crude ethanol extract, the fraction of CHCl3: MeOH 10% and isorhamnetin showed no inhibition of edema, where the CHCl3: AcOEt 50% was the most active (64.2% of inhibition of edema). In the trial of peritonitis the crude ethanol extract, the isorhamnetin and the fractions used inhibited cell migration, except the fraction AcOEt 100%. The test result of catalepsy suggests that treatment with the fractions Hex: CHCl3 50%, 100% CHCl3 and CHCl3: MeOH 5% of the isolated species A. tomentosum not alter the motor skills of the animal. The results observed in this study indicate that the species A. tomentosum is able to modulate the antinociceptive and antiinflammatory response.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

No presente trabalho foram avaliadas as atividades antinociceptiva e antiinflamatória da casca do caule da espécie Aspidosperma tomentosum,…

Advisors/Committee Members: Araújo Júnior, João Xavier de, CPF:73877662404, ARAÚJO JÚNIOR, J. X., Moreira, Magna Suzana Alexandre, CPF:75998947487, ALEXANDRE-MOREIRA M. S, Barreto, Emiliano de Oliveira, CPF:04552293761, Barreto, E. O., Fontes, Elita Scio, CPF:62124021672, Scio, Elita.

▼ 

This study describes the results of the study of the antinociceptive and antiinflammatory activity of ethanolic extract (EEt) and chloroform (ECl) from Xylopia langsdorffiana St-Hil & Tul and the diterpenes acid labda-8(17),12E,14-trien-18-oic (XL) and acid ent-7α-acetoxytrachyloban-18-oic (XLC) of these isolates, respectively. Substances (XL and XLC, 300 μmol/Kg, i.p) and extracts (EEt and ECl, 100 mg/Kg, i.p.) inhibited significantly the number of abdominal writhes when compared to control. To evaluate the power and effectiveness of the substances XL, XLC and dipyrone (300 μmol/Kg 100 μmol/Kg , 30 μmol/Kg, 10 μmol/Kg e 1 μmol/Kg, i.p.) was calculated, the dose that inhibits 50 percent of the response (DI50). The DI50 of XL was 42,8 μmol/Kg, that of XLC was 17,41 μmol/Kg, dipyrone already submitted a DI50 of 14,68 μmol/Kg. Comparing the DI50 of XL, XLC and dipyrone may be observed that the XLC had a power greater than the XL, and the value of DI50 nearest the dipyrone. The xlc also showed that the efficiency XL In the test of nociception induced by formalin, the substances XL and XLC (100 μmol/Kg, i.p.) and extracts (EEt e ECl, 100 mg/Kg, i.p.) induced significant inhibition of licking time in both the neurogenic phase (41,52%, 33,69%, 40,12%, 79,4%, of inhibition, respectively), as in the inflammatory phase (44,1%, 63,9%, 62,7% e 83,7%, of inhibition, respectively) compared to the control. Substances (XL e XLC, 100 μmol/Kg, i.p) and the extracts (EEt e ECl, 100 mg/Kg, i.p.) were not active in hot plate test, which aims to assess the central antinociceptive activity. Using the test of ear edema induced by capsaicin, it was possible to determine that there was no statistically significant difference in percentage of inhibition of edema between the indomethacin (100 μmol/Kg, i.p.), used in standard drug test, and diterpenes XL and XLC in different concentrations (300, 100, 30, 1 e 0,3 μmol/Kg), (XLC trachylobano except at a concentration of 0,3 μmol/Kg). XL and XLC (100 μmol/Kg, i.p.), and the extract (EEt e ECl, 100 mg/Kg, i.p.), reduced the cell migration induced by Zymosan A, a statistically significant way. These substances and extracts induced a reduction in cell migration of 36,40%, 49,51%, 42,51%, 51,97%, respectively. XLC was not efficient to inhibit the progression of rheumatoid arthritis. In the model of acute toxicity, XL and XLC,were not toxic, while the opposite occurred for the administration of the extracts. Our results we infer that EEt and ECl from Xylopia langsdorffiana as its isolated XLC and XL have antinociceptive and antiinflammatory activity, being described by the first for these substances and extracts.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas

Este trabalho descreve os resultados do estudo da atividade antinociceptiva e antiinflamatória dos extratos etanólico (EEt) e clorofórmico (ECl) obtidos da casca do caule de Xylopia langsdorffiana St-Hil & Tul, bem como dos diterpenos ácido labda-…

Advisors/Committee Members: Moreira, Magna Suzana Alexandre, CPF:75998947487, ALEXANDRE-MOREIRA M. S, Kanashiro, Célia Akemi, CPF:04094927875, KANASHIRO, C. A., Barreto, Emiliano de Oliveira, CPF:04552293761, Barreto, E. O., Ribeiro, êurica Adélia Nogueira, CPF:02767997478, RIBEIRO, Ê. A. N..

▼ 

Intensive care units (ICU) and Surgical Center are noteworthy environments, because patients with poor health that frequent these places are subjected to acquire infections from the air of these environments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the air quality during the dry and rainy seasons of air-conditioned rooms of the NICU, neonatal intensive care unit, (A, B and C) , surgical center and exterior area at the University Hospital HUPAA/UFAL, Maceió-AL, for parameters recommended by ANVISA, and identify the mycoflora found and quantify the bacteria in the air. A number of 22 points of collects were performed, totaling 220 samples of air taken through the methodology specified by ANVISA s No. 9 Resolution, which consists in the definition of the parameters of bioaerosol, CO2, temperature, relative humidity, air velocity and aerialdispersoids. Macro and microscopic features were compared in order to identify the mycoflora and yeasts were identified by PCR with species-specific primers. From the 3.839 fungal colony forming units (CFU) isolated, 1.085 CFU were identified as belonging to 21 genera distributed among 63 species. Mycelia Sterilia with 121 CFU (11.1%) and Cladosporium cladosporioides with 78 CFU (7.2%) were the most frequent species in rainy season. Among the yeast species, Candida parapsilosis and C. tropicalis had the biggest frequency, both with four isolates corresponding to 4.7% each. The means were statistically significant for the parameters CO2, temperature, humidity and aerialdispersoids, not being significant for the air speed parameter. The observed values shows that the environments tested in the hospital were out of compliance for most of the parameters recommended by health surveillance in relation to the indoor air quality. Corrective measures are needed to remedy the possible sources of contamination in hospitals in order to comply with the four technical standards recommended by the National Agency for Sanitary Vigilance, contributing to the reduction of the levels of hospital infection, and the number of deaths related to it.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas

As UTI s e o centro cirúrgico são ambientes hospitalares que merecem destaque, pois os pacientes nestes locais estão sujeitos a adquirir infecções provenientes do ar desses ambientes por apresentarem a saúde debilitada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade do ar durante os períodos seco e chuvoso dos ambientes internos climatizados A, B e C da UTN, do centro cirúrgico e do ponto externo do Hospital Universitário HUPAA/UFAL, Maceió-AL, com relação aos parâmetros recomendados pela ANVISA, além de identificar a microbiota fúngica e quantificar as bactérias presentes no ar. Foram realizadas 22 coletas, totalizando 220 amostragens de ar realizadas através da metodologia indicada pela Resolução nº 9 da ANVISA que consiste na determinação dos parâmetros de bioaerossóis, CO2, temperatura, umidade relativa, velocidade do ar e aerodispersóides. Para identificação dos fungos filamentosos foram comparadas as…

Advisors/Committee Members: Silva Filho, Eurípedes Alves da, CPF:16649630497, SILVA FILHO, E. A., Magalhães, Oliane Maria Correia, CPF:55040497415, MAGALHÃES, O. M. C., Barreto, Emiliano de Oliveira, CPF:04552293761, Barreto, E. O., Rodarte, Renato Santos, CPF:01166429717, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3696478573532280.

▼ 

Ximenia americana L. (Oleacaceae) is a plant used in folk medicine in several countries for the treatment of inflammation and pain. This work describes the antinocipeptive, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the ethanolic extract, fractions (aqueous, acetate, hexane and chloroform) and an epicatechin (XACC-I) isolated from the stem bark of X. americana L. The activity antinociceptive was tested in several models: acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin test and hot plate test. In the writhing test of the extract, fractions and XACC-1 were able to induce inhibition of the number of constrictions in: ethanol extract (98.2 %), aqueous fraction (95.5 %), hexane fraction (92.3 %), chloroform fraction (99.5 %), acetate fraction (95.0%), and XACC-I (98.5%). Still utilizing this model the dose-response curve of XACC-I with a dose of 1-300 μmol/Kg was calculated, which showed an DI50 = 38.3 μmol/Kg, CL 95 %: 10.7 - 117.8 μmol/Kg and standard drug dipyrone showed an DI50 = 29.3 μmol/kg, CL 95 %: 22.7 - 75.4 μmol/Kg. In the formalin test the ethanolic extract of the aqueous fraction in the second phase of the experiment resulted in an inhibition time of paw licking in 82.4 and 73.7 % respectively, the chloroform fraction was able to induce inhibition of only early phase of the experiment by 31.5 % to XACCI inhibited the nociceptive response in neurogenic and inflammatory phase respectively in 64.2 % and 86.8 %. The ethanol extract, all fractions and XACC-I have not been active in hot plate test, which aims to evaluate the central antinociceptive activity. The anti-inflammatory action was investigated by test of peritonitis induced by zymosan A and carrageenan. In the test of the peritonitis induced by zymosan A, the ethanolic extract, acetate and aqueous fractions, the XACC-I and the standard drug indomethacin induced inhibition of cell recruitment by 41.4 %, 38.6 %, 35.1 %, 46.0 % and 55.7 % respectively. Using the carrageenan, the ethanolic extract, fractions (acetate, aqueous, chloroform and hexane), the XACC-I and the standard drug indomethacin induced inhibition of cell recruitment in 63.5 %, 55.9 %, 69,2 %, 35.8 %, 62.1 %, 66.1 % and 72.0 % respectively. Only the ethanol extract and hexane fraction did not induce the death of any animal, the acute toxicity of XACC-I have not been evaluated. In the test of DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) the ethanolic extract, all fractions and XACC-1 showed high antioxidant activity. The ethanolic extract, acetate and aqueous fractions showed high concentration of total phenols observed using the spectrophotometric assay with Folin-Ciocalteu. These results infer that the ethanol extract, fractions and XACC-I from the stem bark of X. americana are able to modulate the antinociceptive peripheral and acute inflammatory response.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Ximenia americana L. (Oleacaceae) é uma planta utilizada na medicina popular em diversos países para o tratamento de inflamação e dor. Este trabalho versa…

Advisors/Committee Members: Moreira, Magna Suzana Alexandre, CPF:75998947487, ALEXANDRE-MOREIRA M. S, Sant ana, Antônio Euzébio Goulart, CPF:11867760649, http://lattes.cnpq.br/8895697287739745, Lima, Lidia Moreira, CPF:02212203721, LIMA, L. M., Ribeiro, êurica Adélia Nogueira, CPF:02767997478, RIBEIRO, Ê. A. N., Barreto, Emiliano de Oliveira, CPF:04552293761, Barreto, E. O..

▼ The use of products used against pests and diseases present in agriculture is not new. Ancient civilizations were using chemicals to kill pests on crops and stored foods. This practice has intensified since 1930 with the Industrial Revolution and the development of chemical industry. In Brazil the use of pesticides began in the 1960s, and since then has been observed an increasing consumption over the years, which currently places the Brazil the largest consumer of pesticides in the world. Improper use of these substances, especially by the rural population, shows up as an important risk factor for human health and the environment. In Arapiraca, an important center of tobacco producer in Brazil, the cultivation of tobacco is notable for excessive use of pesticides at different stages of production. This consumption is contributing to the occurrence of diseases in workers, mainly by inadequate working conditions and disregard for safety standards. Based on this observation, we characterized the working conditions of tobacco farmers in the city of Arapiraca. This is a descriptive transversal study of 134 rural workers using who were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire to obtain information about the work process. The results showed that most of the workers interviewed had aged 28-37 years (24.6%) were illiterate or incomplete undergraduate (79,1%). This study also found that most respondents was composed of owners of land (38.06%) or employees (24.63%) and who took 1 to 10 tasks in the property (55.97%) for planting; as most common task performed was the action of planting (25.91%) and apply the pesticide (18.27%). As to information received about pesticides, 26.87% workers reported their importance to kill pests, which is primarily an information transmitted by their relatives (30%). Among the most widely used pesticides, the Decis was cited by 26.6% of workers, followed by Confidor (19.56%) and Karate (14.76%). Regarding access to pesticides, 51 workers (38%) performed the product purchase, the majority of workers (67%) did not use an prescription agronomic. The most frequent activity was spray (94.77%). For disposal of empty containers, workers were most common procedure such as burying and burning, which together account for a practice adopted by 52.24% of the workers. Regarding the use of protective equipment, only 76 workers (56.72%) reported using some type of protective equipment, and the boot protective equipment most used (25.28%). Even with low adhesion to the protective equipment, (95.52%) workers believe that the pesticides are capable of causing damage to health, with headache the most frequent symptom. Taken together, the results of this research reveals that rural workers involved in tobacco farming are permanently exposed to pesticides due to several factors, such as intensive agricultural activity, the mishandling of pesticides and lack of perception of risk to which they are exposed, probably due to low education and lack of technical guidance for the proper management of… Advisors/Committee Members: Barreto, Emiliano de Oliveira, CPF:04552293761, Barreto, E. O., Moreira, Josino Costa, CPF:00800155653, http://lattes.cnpq.br/9103989779392600, Andrade, Tiago Gomes de, CPF:02697210458, De ANDRADE, T. G., Santos, Márcio Aurélio Lins dos, CPF:88954196420, http://lattes.cnpq.br/0192590447392368.

▼ 

The genus Hantavirus, family Bunyaviridae, includes rodent-borne viruses that are transmitted to humans by inhalation of rodent secretions and excreta, or through direct contact with an infected rodent. They are associated with hemorrhagic fever and renal syndrome (HFRS) and with Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). In Brazil, more than 1,500 HCPS cases have been recorded, since 1993. In this study, it was investigated the presence of hantavirus antibodies in the population of Alagoas. For this, it was carried out an active surveillance for acute cases of hantavirus infection in hospitals of Alagoas State and also it was analyzed sera samples sent by LACEN-AL, from patients suspected of having other diseases, such as dengue and leptospirosis. In addition, it was investigated the presence of memory antibodies IgG to hantavirus in rural workers from Coruripe-AL, by performing a pilot study of serological survey in Usina Coruripe. Sera samples were tested by an enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) in house for detection of hantavirus antibodies, using a recombinant N protein of Araraquara hantavirus as antigen. Of the 64 samples analyzed by serology from patients who were classified as suspected of HCPS or HFRS, none was positive for IgM anti-hantavirus, however, one (1,56%) was reagent for IgG anti-hantavirus. In the survey for antibodies in 124 patients with leptospirosis confirmed by LACEN-AL it was found three (2,42%) samples that were reagent for IgG to hantavirus and none of them was reagent for IgM. In the 170 patients with clinical suspicion of dengue but non-reagent for NS1 the survey for both IgM and IgG to hantavirus was negative. The pilot study of serological survey in Coruripe showed immunity against hantavirus in 10 (4%) of 250 studied workers, among which five attested that had never lived or travelled out of state of Alagoas. Taken together, our findings suggest the circulation of hantavirus in the state and its silent occurrence in the region, causing inapparent infections, or even symptomatic, but that remain undiagnosed. This study is pioneer in the surveillance for hantavirus in the state of Alagoas.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Hantavirus são vírus zoonóticos principalmente de roedores silvestres, pertencentes à família Bunyaviridae, os quais são transmitidos para seres humanos pela inalação de secreções ou excretas de roedores infectados ou pelo contato direto com os mesmos. Estes vírus podem causar graves doenças como a Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal (FHSR) e a Síndrome Pulmonar e Cardiovascular (SPCVH). No Brasil, já foram notificados mais de 1500 casos, desde 1993. Neste estudo, investigou-se a presença de anticorpos anti-hantavírus na população alagoana. Para isso, com finalidade diagnóstica, realizou-se uma busca ativa de casos agudos em hospitais de Alagoas e analisou-se amostras séricas encaminhadas pelo LACEN-AL, provenientes de pacientes suspeitos de outras enfermidades, como dengue e leptospirose. Também, foi investigada a presença de anticorpos de…

Advisors/Committee Members: Borges, Alessandra Abel, CPF:85868400925, http://lattes.cnpq.br/4622666137508525, Barreto, Emiliano de Oliveira, CPF:04552293761, Barreto, E. O., Chávez, Juliana Helena, CPF:02054269999, http://lattes.cnpq.br/4639384064208317, Silva, Denise Maria Wanderlei, CPF:48567507472, SILVA, D. M. W..

▼ 

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Os agrotóxicos são substâncias químicas usadas, entre outras coisas, para o controle de pragas ou doenças das plantas e animais. Utilizados desde a Grécia clássica, esses produtos foram difundidos em vários países após a Segunda Guerra Mundial e no Brasil a partir da década de 60. Atualmente o Brasil é o maior consumidor de agrotóxicos no mundo. O uso inadequado dos agrotóxicos tem se constituído um problema para saúde humana e ambiental. Especialmente os trabalhadores da agricultura estão expostos aos efeitos danosos desses produtos. Na fumicultura, associados aos problemas causados pela exposição aos agrotóxicos os trabalhadores rurais ainda estão expostos a intoxicação causada pela nicotina presente na folha do tabaco. Em Arapiraca, importante produtor de tabaco no cenário nacional, a fumicultura destaca-se pela excessiva utilização de agrotóxicos, fato que contribui para ocorrência de agravos à saúde dos trabalhadores, principalmente pelas condições inadequadas de trabalho e desrespeito às normas de segurança. Esse trabalho objetivou caracterizar o perfil ocupacional dos fumicultores de Arapiraca-AL e sua exposição a agrotóxico e nicotina. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, do tipo descritivo, onde 70 trabalhadores do cultivo do tabaco foram entrevistados, utilizando-se um questionário semi-estruturado para obter informações acerca do perfil ocupacional. Os resultados mostraram que, 41,4% dos trabalhadores entrevistados possuíam idade entre 30-45 anos e 55,7% tinha ensino fundamental incompleto ou eram analfabetos. Também se observou que 37,1% eram proprietários da terra e 58% tinham renda per capita até um quarto de salário mínimo. Quase metade dos agricultores (47,1%) iniciou o trabalho na fumicultura até os 8 anos de idade e 48,6% tinham entre 11-30 anos de trabalho. A maioria, 54,3%, relatou trabalhar até 8 horas/dia, sendo que 61% trabalhavam seis dias da semana. Também a maioria dos trabalhadores, (62,9%) aplicava agrotóxicos e destes 43,2% gastava entre 5-8 horas diárias na aplicação. O pulverizador costal manual era utilizado por 72,7% dos aplicadores. Dentre os agrotóxicos utilizados o Confidor foi o mais citado. Quanto ao uso de medidas de proteção durante a mistura do agrotóxico, 56,8% não usava nenhuma medida e 34,1% justificava devido ao custo elevado. A maioria lavava as mãos (93,2%) e tomava banho (79,5%) frequentemente logo após aplicar agrotóxicos. Dois terços (61,3%) dos agricultores nunca ingeriam líquido durante a aplicação do agrotóxico e 75% nunca comiam durante o mesmo procedimento. Enquanto 40,9% dos entrevistados já passaram mal após aplicar agrotóxicos, 72,7% referiram nunca ter tido intoxicação por agrotóxico. Dor de cabeça, náusea e vômito foram sinais e sintomas mais referidos. Quanto à exposição à nicotina, 84,3% dos entrevistados referiram contato da pele com a folha do tabaco e 71,5% tinham este contato sempre. O uso de luvas durante a colheita e a lavagem das mãos após a colheita foi referida por 57,1% e 85,7% dos…

Advisors/Committee Members: Barreto, Emiliano de Oliveira, CPF:04552293761, Barreto, E. O., Bedor, Cheila Nataly Galindo, CPF:02646687400, http://lattes.cnpq.br/2164253878550042, Miranda, Claudio Torres de, CPF:58659765834, MIRANDA, C. T., Andrade, Tiago Gomes de, CPF:02697210458, De ANDRADE, T. G..

▼ 

The Rhizoctonia is a genus belonging to the Fungi Kingdom, whose representatives live in the soil and act as endophytes of various plants. Among the plants possessing this fungus, deserves the red-pepper tree (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi), which is popularly used for different purposes, including inflammation. This work describes the antinociceptive and antiinflammatory activity of methanolic fraction obtained from the biomass of the endophytic fungus from Rhizoctonia solani. The methanolic fraction, when administered by intraperitoneal route, was able to reduce the nociception induced by acetic acid for a period of 8 h. In addition, the methanolic fraction increased the lag time measured in the model of thermal nociception, thus suggesting a possible central action. The same substance exhibited antinociceptive activity in formalin test in both phase, neurogenic and inflammatory. In search of a possible mechanism of action, we found that among the pharmacological tools used, only naloxan was able to restore the action of the methanolic fraction, thus suggesting that the substance acts via opioid receptor. In the search for a possible anti-inflammatory effect from this methanol fraction, we used the rat paw edema test and found that this fraction was able to significantly inhibit the paw edema induced by carrageenan and PGE2. Using histamine as an inducer of edema, we note that the methanolic fraction was also antiedematogenic. In this model, the reference drugs indomethacin and promethazine inhibited the edema formation. Together, our results show for the first time that the methanolic fraction obtained from the biomass of the endophytic fungus Rhizoctonia solani has a potent antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

A Rhizoctonia é um gênero pertencente ao Reino Fungi, cujos seus representantes habitam o solo e atuam como endofíticos de vários organismos vegetais. Dentre as plantas possuidoras deste fungo, merece destaque a aroeira-vermelha (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi), que é utilizada popularmente para diferentes finalidades, incluindo inflamação. Este trabalho descreve a atividade antiinflamatória e antinociceptiva da fração metanólica obtida a partir da biomassa do fungo endofítico Rhizoctonia solani. A fração metanólica, quando administrado por via intraperitoneal, foi capaz de reduzir a nocicepção induzida pelo ácido acético por um período de 8 h. Além disso, a fração metanólica aumentou o tempo de latência avaliado no modelo de nocicepção térmica, sugerindo assim uma possível ação central. A mesma substância apresentou atividade antinociceptiva no ensaio de formalina, tanto na fase neurogênica quanto na fase inflamatória. Em busca de um possível mecanismo de ação, verificamos que dentre as ferramentas farmacológicas usadas, apenas a naloxona foi capaz de reverter à ação da fração metanólica, sugerindo assim que a substância age via receptor opióide. Estendendo as análises para uma possível ação antiinflamatória da fração metanólica,…

Advisors/Committee Members: Barreto, Emiliano de Oliveira, CPF:04552293761, Barreto, E. O., Caetano, Luiz Carlos, CPF:28358996615, CAETANO, L. C., Carvalho, Vinicius de Frias, CPF:03539390723, http://lattes.cnpq.br/9871280342877536, Silva Filho, Eurípedes Alves da, CPF:16649630497, SILVA FILHO, E. A., Brito, Fabíola de Almeida, CPF:07675491718, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3170665402458607, Rodarte, Renato Santos, CPF:01166429717, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3696478573532280.

▼ 

Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth, popularly known as "sucupira preta", is used in folk regional medicine to combat inflammation, autoimmune diseases and healing. There are only few scientific studies dealing with its biological activity, especially in regards to the immune system, making it a potential target of scientific research. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo the action of the aqueous extract of Bowdichia virgilioides-derived stem bark (EaBv) in cellular and humoral responses. Swiss male mices were used (4-6 weeks), which were administered EaBv orally for 7 consecutive days. Initially using the template of zymosan A showed that treatment with EaBv increased phagocytic capacity of resident peritoneal macrophages. On the peripheral blood leukocytes count, it was observed a decrease in the number of total leukocytes in animals treated with EaBv and this reduction was observed when the differential number of neutrophils counts was performed. However, the increased number of lymphocytes in peripheral blood of animals after treatment. It has been found by the hemagglutination assay EaBv was able to decrease the production of antibodies. The extract stimulated proliferation of lymphocytes which have been obtained from lymph nodes after 7 days of treatment. Also, interfered with the effect of ConA on T lymphocyte proliferation and acted negatively on the action of LPS on the proliferation of B lymphocytes. Furthermore, flow cytometric, it was observed that the EaBv increased expression of TNF-α by T lymphocytes and IL-10 by B lymphocytes. However, expression of TNF-α by B lymphocytes has been modulated negatively by the extract. Together, these results suggest that aqueous extract of Bowdichia virgilioides-derived stem bark possesses a complexe immune activity, acting on the cellular and humoral immune responses.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth, popularmente conhecida como sucupira-preta , é espécie utilizada na medicina popular regional no combate a inflamação, doenças auto-imunes e cicatrizante. Ainda são escassos os estudos que tratam da sua atividade biológica, principalmente em relação ao sistema imunológico, o que a torna um alvo em potencial de investigações científicas. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar in vivo a ação do extrato aquoso da casca do caule da Bowdichia virgilioides (EaBv) na resposta imunológica celular e humoral. Foram utilizados camundongos Swiss (4-6 semanas) machos, aos quais foi administrado por via oral o EaBv durante 7 dias consecutivos. Inicialmente, utilizando o modelo de zimosan A demonstrou-se que o tratamento com EaBv aumentou a capacidade fagocítica de macrófagos peritoneais residentes. Na contagem de leucócitos do sangue periférico, observou-se uma diminuição no número de leucócitos totais nos animais tratados com EaBv e esta diminuição foi evidenciada no número de neutrófilos quando realizada a contagem diferencial. No entanto, o número de linfócitos aumentou no sangue periférico dos animais após…

Advisors/Committee Members: Smaniotto, Salete, CPF:42346185949, Smaniotto, S., Martins, Silvana Ayres, CPF:41928113400, AYRES-MARTINS, S., Rocha, Eliana Maria Mauricio da, CPF:25703218691, ROCHA, E. M. M., Barreto, Emiliano de Oliveira, CPF:04552293761, Barreto, E. O., Silva, Robinson Sabino da, CPF:97056456049, http://lattes.cnpq.br/1886483839073466.