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Three experiments were conducted in the agricultural year of 2007 in the municipalities of Arapiraca, Rio Largo and Viçosa with the purpose of determining the genetic divergence and evaluate six populations of maize from the bank of germplasm of the CECA - UFAL. The experimental design was blocks at random, with seven treatments and four repetitions. Were evaluated on the plant height, height of insertion of ear, relationship AE/AP, diameter of the stem, number of leaves, mass of 100 grains and grain yield, individually, for each site, together with data obtained in the three locations studied, the average faced by Tukey test (P <0.05). The average productivity of grains ranged from 2,885 kg ha-1 to 3,461 kg ha-1, people in St. Louis and Viçosense respectively, with overall average of 3206.54 kg ha-1, although not statistically differ. There was the formation of two different groups, which concluded that it is a small genetic difference between populations. There was the formation of only two groups, one consisting of six people and another by the variety Asa Branca (5033). The people Viçosense and Rio Largo were genetically closer (1.7054), while the longest distance has been detected among the population Alagoano and witness Asa Branca (67.27057).

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas

Três experimentos foram conduzidos no ano agrícola de 2007 nos municípios de Arapiraca, Rio Largo e Viçosa com o objetivo de determinar a divergência genética e avaliar seis populações de milho provenientes do banco de germoplasma do CECA - UFAL. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso, com sete tratamentos e quatro repetições. Avaliaram-se a altura de planta, altura de inserção de espiga, relação AE/AP, diâmetro do colmo, número de folhas, massa de 100 grãos e produtividade de grãos, individualmente, para cada local, e conjuntamente com os dados obtidos nos três locais estudados, sendo as médias confrontadas pelo teste Tukey (P<0,05). A produtividade média de grãos variou de 2.885 kg ha-1 a 3.461 kg ha-1, nas populações São Luís e Viçosense, respectivamente, com média geral de 3206,54 kg ha-1, apesar de não diferirem estatisticamente. Houve a formação de dois grupos divergentes, onde, concluiu-se que é pequena a divergência genética entre as populações. Houve a formação de apenas dois grupos, um constituído pelas seis populações e outro pela variedade Asa Branca (5033). As populações Rio Largo e Viçosense foram as mais próximas geneticamente (1,7054), enquanto que a maior distância detectada se deu entre a população Alagoano e a testemunha Asa Branca (67,27057).

Advisors/Committee Members: Ferreira, Paulo Vanderlei, CPF:13340360472, http://lattes.cnpq.br/5371162236986081, Silva, Paulo de Albuquerque, CPF:91470269520, SILVA, P. A., Almeida, Cicero Carlos de Souza, CPF:02719760471, ALMEIDA, C. C. S..

▼ Aiming to characterize morphologically the genotypes of sweet potato, to estimate the genetic divergence and to evaluate the yield performance in the edaphoclimatics conditions in the municipality of Junqueiro, Alagoas, Brazil, an experiment was developed, consisting of two varieties and nine clones, in the randomized blocks design with three replications. For morphological characterization, were used 21 descriptors, being fourteen of the shoot and seven of the storage roots. To evaluate the genetic divergence, were used two methodologies: principal components and the generalized Mahalanobis distance, being the genotypes grouped by Tocher method. For the evaluation of the yield performance of the genotypes, were conducted variance analysis, with the averages confronted by Scott-Knott test (P < 0.05). The results indicate there phenotypic variability between the traits of shoot and storage root of the genotypes of sweet potato evaluated. In the estimation of the genetic divergence from principal components analysis, the general form of the mature leaf, the immature leaf color and secondary color of the stem were the traits that most contributed to the divergence of the shoot, explaining 77.08% of the variability existing in the first three principal components. In storage roots, the format, the defect of the surface and the intensity of the predominant color, were the traits that most contributed to the divergence, achieving explain 86.79% of the variability existing in the first three principal components. The acquisition of six groups among the eleven genotypes studied, showed a significant divergence between the genotypes of sweet potato based on the morphological descriptors. When used the generalized Mahalanobis distance methodology, the clone 6 and the variety Sergipana, by their distances of high magnitude, were the most dissimilar (D2 = 244.3). The traits that contributed mostly to the genetic dissimilarity were the marketable root yield (30.79%), the shoot phytomass yield (16.56%) and the internode length (12.84%). The taking of five groups among the eleven genotypes studied showed a significant genetic divergence between the genotypes of sweet potato. The clones 6 and 11 showed the highest marketable roots yield, with 12.08 and 9.08 t ha-1, respectively. The clones 8, 14 and the variety Rainha Prata had the highest shoot phytomass yield, with 5.42, 5.17 and 5.83 t ha-1. These results suggest new prospects for the cultivation of sweet potato in the region of Junqueiro, Alagoas. It was concluded that there is genetic and phenotypic variation among genotypes of sweet potato, explained by morphological characterization and the two techniques to estimate the genetic divergence. According to the results presented in this paper, the Breeding Program of CECA - UFAL may to adopt three measures: the first is the assessment of clones 6 and 11, most yields, in field testing in the municipality of Junqueiro, aiming stability tests, to launch them as varieties. The second will be realization of artificial crosses aiming… Advisors/Committee Members: Ferreira, Paulo Vanderlei, CPF:13340360472, http://lattes.cnpq.br/5371162236986081, Costa, Joao Gomes da, CPF:28729170478, COSTA, J. G., Silva, Paulo de Albuquerque, CPF:91470269520, SILVA, P. A., Almeida, Cicero Carlos de Souza, CPF:02719760471, ALMEIDA, C. C. S., Cardoso Filho, Julio Alves, CPF:51701146487, CARDOSO FILHO, Julio Alves.

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In Brazil there is still no variety of commercial transgenic sugarcane used in large scale, although biotechnological research in the area of gene expression has been performed in order to obtain varieties that can be cultivated in low rainfall, high temperatures and in low fertil soils. In the present work it was analised the diferencial gene expression in leaves of the variety of sugarcane RB72910 in field capacity and under severe water stress in a greenhouse. The evaluation was done using the technique real-time RT-PCR a powerful tool used to identify and quantify significant changes in the levels of transcripts, facilitating the selection of candidate genes for use in transgenic plants. For this we analized the expression of 11 genes in leaf samples in two conditions of water regime. The genes analyzed were: DNAJ, PGR5, H1, PSI, LTP, WIP, ZmPIP2-1, ZmTIP4-2, SAMDC and two genes with unknown functions. It was observed that the variety studied showed diferential gene expression under water stress mainly for genes encoding proteins of the protective fotosynthetic system and for maintenance of the homeostasis. Thus, it was concluded that the genotype RB72910 has important agronomical traits of fotoprotection and adaptation to drought.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas

No Brasil ainda não há uma variedade de cana-de-açúcar transgênica comercial usada em larga escala, porém pesquisas biotecnológicas na área de expressão gênica estão sendo feitas visando a obtenção de variedades que possam ser cultivadas em condições de baixa pluviosidade, altas temperaturas e solos com pouca fertilidade. No presente trabalho foi analisada a expressão gênica diferencial em folhas na variedade de cana-deaçúcar RB72910 nas condições de capacidade de campo e sob estresse hídrico severo em casa de vegetação. A avaliação foi feita por meio da técnica real-time RT-PCR, uma potente ferramenta usada para identificar e quantificar mudanças significativas nos níveis de transcritos, facilitando a seleção de genes candidatos à utilização em transgenia. Para isso foi analisada a expressão de 11 genes em amostras foliares em duas condições de regime hídrico. Os genes analisados foram: DNAJ, PGR5, H1, PSI, LTP, WIP, ZmPIP2-1, ZmTIP4-2, SAMDC e dois genes com funções indeterminadas. Observou-se que a variedade estudada demonstrou expressão diferencial sob estresse hídrico principalmente para genes que codificam proteínas de proteção do sistema fotossintético e de manutenção da homeostase. Com isso, concluímos que o genótipo RB72910 apresenta importantes características agronômicas de fotoproteção e de adaptação à seca.

Advisors/Committee Members: Almeida, Cicero Carlos de Souza, CPF:02719760471, ALMEIDA, C. C. S., Andrade, Tiago Gomes de, CPF:02697210458, De ANDRADE, T. G., Silva, José Vieira, CPF:33059837368, SILVA, J. V., Caetano, Luiz Carlos, CPF:28358996615, CAETANO, L. C..

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The lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) is one of four cultivated species in the genus Phaseolus. The species was domesticated in South or Central America. It is one of the main cultivated legumes in the tropics and has a great potential as a source of vegetable protein to the population. Among its most important diseases are those caused by viruses, particularly by begomoviruses (family Geminiviridae). Infected plants display an intense yellow or golden mosaic, and have a drastically reduced yield. The objective of this work was to characterize the genetic structure of begomovirus populations infecting lima beans in the state of Alagoas, by analyzing complete DNA-A sequences. Lima bean plants with typical symptoms of begomovirus infection were collected in a number of areas around the states of Alagoas and Pernambuco during 2005. Total DNA was extracted and the presence of a begomovirus was confirmed by PCR. The viral genomic components were amplified using the DNA polymerase from phage phi29, and then cleaved with either BamH I or Hind III. Cleaved products were ligated to the pBluescript KS+ plasmid vector and the recombinant plasmids were transformed into Escherichia coli DH5α. Clones were submitted to cleavage with Hae III and, according to the obtained restriction pattern, 22 (20 from samples collected in Alagoas, and two from samples collected in Pernambuco) were selected for sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out with MEGA 4.0 using the Neighbour-Joining method. The genetic diversity of the population was evaluated using the DnaSP program, version 5. Analysis of the 22 sequences revealed that they all belonged to a single begomovirus species, Bean golden mosaic virus, with 90 to 94% nucleotide sequence identity with a BGMV isolate from soybean (access number FJ665283.1). All sequences clustered with other Brazilian BGMV isolates from common bean and soybean in the phylogenetic tree, although the two isolates from Pernambuco are closer to the soybean isolate than the 20 isolates from Alagoas. Thus, the lima bean isolates clustered based on their geographical origin. Analysis of the population indicated a high degree of genetic variability, significantly higher than that observed for two begomovirus populations from tomato obtained in the southeastern region of Brazil.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas

A fava (Phaseolus lunatus) é uma das quatro espécies do gênero Phaseolus exploradas comercialmente. A espécie foi domesticada na América do Sul ou Central. É uma das principais leguminosas cultivadas na região tropical e apresenta potencial para fornecimento de proteína vegetal à população. Entre as doenças mais importantes estão as viroses, principalmente aquelas ocasionadas por begomovírus (família Geminiviridae). As plantas infectadas apresentam um mosaico amarelo intenso e têm a produtividade drasticamente reduzida. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a estrutura genética dos begomovírus que infectam fava no estado de Alagoas, através da análise da sequência completa do…

Advisors/Committee Members: Assunção, Iraildes Pereira, CPF:54209021415, ASSUNÇÃO, I. P., Lima, Gaus Silvestre de Andrade, CPF:88892719491, LIMA, G. S. A., Zerbini Junior, Francisco Murilo, CPF:73507814668, http://lattes.cnpq.br/6507826653693228, Almeida, Cicero Carlos de Souza, CPF:02719760471, ALMEIDA, C. C. S..

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This work s general purpose was to verify intra- and interspecific interactions between seedlings of caatinga tree species, to quantify the mass allocation proportions for each species in the presence of intra- and interspecific pairs ; as also, quantify the interference of each species in their intra e inter pairs. The experiment was executed in a greenhouse with 50% shading, 168 pots of 1kg, each vase containing one pair of seedling, during 105 days. Six species of seedling trees were used in an incomplete factorial combination 6 x 2, corresponding to six species and two soils, with four repetitions. The species used were: Anadenanthera colubrine (Vell.) Brenan var. cebil (Griseb.) Altschul; Amburana cearensis (Mart.) Gillett; Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl.; Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) L.P.Queiroz; Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart.; Bauhinia cheilantha (Bong.) Steud.. Among these species, Bauhinia cheilantha and Schinopsis brasiliensis demonstrated to be strong interespecifics competitors, while Amburana cearensis and Poincianella pyramidalis strong intraespecifics competitors. The mass allocations were differed by species and by nutrients availability. Similar papers utilizing these species and these approaches are scarce in the literature, but extremely important to understand the structure of dry tropical forests.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo geral verificar as interações intra e interespecíficas entre plantas jovens de espécies arbóreas da caatinga, para, assim, poder quantificar as proporções de alocação de massa para cada espécie nas presenças de pares intraespecíficos e interespecíficos; como também, quantificar a interferência de cada espécie em seus pares intra e interespecífico. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação com sombreamento de 50%, com 168 vasos de 1 kg, contendo um par de cada espécie, durante 105 dias. Foram utilizadas seis espécies de plantas arbóreas em uma combinação fatorial incompleta 6 x 2, correspondendo às seis espécies e dois solos, com quatro repetições. As espécies utilizadas foram: Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan var. cebil (Griseb.) Altschul; Amburana cearensis (Mart.) Gillett; Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl.; Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) L.P.Queiroz; Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart.; Bauhinia che lantha (Bong.) Steud.. Dentre essas espécies, Bauhinia cheilantha e Schinopsis brasiliensis demonstraram ser fortes competidoras interespecíficas, enquanto Amburana cearensis e Poincianella pyramidalis fortes competidoras intraespecíficas. As alocações de massa diferiram por espécie e por disponibilidade de nutrientes. Trabalhos semelhantes com essas espécies e nessa abordagem são escassos na literatura, mas de importância relevante para o entendimento da estruturação de florestas secas.

Advisors/Committee Members: Sampaio, Everardo Valadares de Sa Barretto, CPF:07063342487, http://lattes.cnpq.br/0036350961788246, Moura, Flávia de Barros Prado, CPF:72515783449, MOURA, F. B. P., Lima, Andre Luiz Alves de, CPF:03186118484, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3425654823765293, Silva, José Vieira, CPF:33059837368, SILVA, J. V., Almeida, Cicero Carlos de Souza, CPF:02719760471, ALMEIDA, C. C. S..