+publisher:"Texas A&M University" +contributor:("Wright, Lori")

Texas A&M University

1. Lovings, Aline. The Senescent Mimbres Population: An Application of the Transition Analysis to the NAN Ranch Ruin Skeletal Sample.

Degree: MA, Anthropology, 2012, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-12-10502

► This study uses Transition Analysis on the Mimbres skeletal remains of the NAN Ranch Ruin to provide a more complete picture of its demography. Previous… (more)

▼ This study uses Transition Analysis on the Mimbres skeletal remains of the NAN Ranch Ruin to provide a more complete picture of its demography. Previous attempts to reconstruct the demographic structure of prehistoric populations have been hindered by aging methods that provide biased age distribution. Early methods had a tendency to produce age distribution similar to that of the reference sample that was used to create them. In addition, they often overlooked sexual dimorphism and left out the senescent portion of the population which in turns produced inaccurate population structures. Transition Analysis is a multifactorial approach to estimate the age-at-death of adult skeletons that focuses on the cranium, the pubic symphysis and the auricular surface of the ilium. The method relies heavily on the Bayesian probability that a given trait or a given combination of traits is displayed at a given age, it recognizes sexual dimorphism, performs well on fragmentary skeletons and allows for the age estimation of older individuals. The NAN Ranch Ruin sample consists of over 240 individuals, including 185 from the Classic Period. A previous study focused on the 81 individuals from the Classic period that were collected during the first five years of excavations. Following age estimation of adult skeleton I constructed composite abridged life tables. For the Classic Period, I found a high infant mortality rate (47%) and low life expectancy at birth (21.14 years) as expected. However, this analysis produced different mortality patterns than older demographic studies, where mid adult mortality increases only slightly, decreases in late adulthood (40-55 years old) and increases again in senescence (55-80 years old), instead of increasing steadily in adulthood to culminate at age 50. This difference is a consequence of the aging methods that have been used to analyze other southwestern prehistoric samples. Finally, while I was not able to confirm different mortality patterns between males and females, I found that people from the east roomblock enjoyed greater longevity than those from the south roomblock, though the difference is not statistically significant. Advisors/Committee Members: Wright, Lori (advisor), Eckert, Suzanne (committee member), Saenz, Rogelio (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Mimbres; Paleodemography; Transition Analysis; NAN Ranch

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lovings, A. (2012). The Senescent Mimbres Population: An Application of the Transition Analysis to the NAN Ranch Ruin Skeletal Sample. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-12-10502

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lovings, Aline. “The Senescent Mimbres Population: An Application of the Transition Analysis to the NAN Ranch Ruin Skeletal Sample.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed April 13, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-12-10502.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lovings, Aline. “The Senescent Mimbres Population: An Application of the Transition Analysis to the NAN Ranch Ruin Skeletal Sample.” 2012. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Lovings A. The Senescent Mimbres Population: An Application of the Transition Analysis to the NAN Ranch Ruin Skeletal Sample. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-12-10502.

Council of Science Editors:

Lovings A. The Senescent Mimbres Population: An Application of the Transition Analysis to the NAN Ranch Ruin Skeletal Sample. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-12-10502

Texas A&M University

2. Kennedy, Larkin Frost. The Busy Cemeteries of Late Antique Corinth: Geographic Identification of Migrants vs Locals, and the Characterization of a 6th – 8th Century City.

Degree: PhD, Anthropology, 2016, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/158952

► In late antiquity, a series of historically documented invasions and natural and economic crises can be juxtaposed with increasing archaeological evidence for the strength of… (more)

▼ In late antiquity, a series of historically documented invasions and natural and economic crises can be juxtaposed with increasing archaeological evidence for the strength of Eastern Mediterranean trade connections and the administrative and military hegemony of the Eastern Roman Empire. The abandonment of southern Greece to Slavic invaders, including the city of Corinth in the Peloponnese as attested in historic sources, is also contested by the growing evidence for continuity in land use. These historical and archaeological models of isolation versus economic and political connectivity bear directly on the amount and nature of migration during this time period. Though material culture is often used as a proxy for population movement and interactions, the presence of foreigners can be tested directly using the human skeletal remains from affected cities. In this dissertation, I use bioarchaeology to examine whether foreigners were present in Corinth, Greece and how they were integrated into existing social frameworks from the 6th-8th centuries AD. Anthropological mortuary analysis results in burial groups which contextualize graves within the existing social framework, and skeletal geochemistry discriminates among the skeletons of locals and those born in a variety of locations far from Corinth. I explore how mortuary behavior reflects social structure in Late Antique Corinth using statistical analyses. Diachronic change in mortuary behavior is shown to be gradual, and coincides with the timing of legislative and administrative changes in the Eastern Roman Empire. Factor analysis results in mortuary groups which reflect shifts in the geographic location of burials and correspond with differences in economic status and other social parameters for the communities using these burial areas. Stable isotopic ratios from human tooth enamel sampled from these groups identify and characterize foreigners within this mortuary landscape. Stable oxygen (δ^18O) and carbon (δ^13C) isotopic results display substantial variability. To discriminate among the possible geographic origins of these skeletons, I also analyzed a subset for radiogenic strontium isotopic ratios (^87Sr/^86Sr). Using hierarchical cluster analysis on paired δ the isotopic parameters of this sample. Two to three may represent differences in water source due to local mobility or dietary variability in the local population given the fact that δ^13C shows some diets incorporated a significant source of ^13C. Isotopic ratios also show significant migration occurred during this period. The childhood residence of at least three outliers was far from Corinth, and they likely originated in three separate geographic locations. One other group of migrants relatively enriched in ^18O may have traveled to Corinth from a single separate source population. Two outliers were interred together in one high status context which was the focus of considerable reuse and commemoration. The remaining migrants were buried in the same manner as local Corinthians, and some were present… Advisors/Committee Members: Wright, Lori E (advisor), Athreya, Sheela (committee member), Carlson, Deborah (committee member), Klein, Nancy (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Corinth, Greece; late antiquity; migration; mortuary analysis; osteology; archaeological geochemistry; stable oxygen isotopic ratio; stable carbon isotopic ratio; radiogenic strontium isotopic ratio

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kennedy, L. F. (2016). The Busy Cemeteries of Late Antique Corinth: Geographic Identification of Migrants vs Locals, and the Characterization of a 6th – 8th Century City. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/158952

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kennedy, Larkin Frost. “The Busy Cemeteries of Late Antique Corinth: Geographic Identification of Migrants vs Locals, and the Characterization of a 6th – 8th Century City.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed April 13, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/158952.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kennedy, Larkin Frost. “The Busy Cemeteries of Late Antique Corinth: Geographic Identification of Migrants vs Locals, and the Characterization of a 6th – 8th Century City.” 2016. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Kennedy LF. The Busy Cemeteries of Late Antique Corinth: Geographic Identification of Migrants vs Locals, and the Characterization of a 6th – 8th Century City. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/158952.

Council of Science Editors:

Kennedy LF. The Busy Cemeteries of Late Antique Corinth: Geographic Identification of Migrants vs Locals, and the Characterization of a 6th – 8th Century City. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/158952

Texas A&M University

3. Crouch, Maria Shannon Parks. Testing the Subsistence Model for the Adoption of Ceramic Technology Among Coastal Sambaqui Foragers of Southern Brazil.

Degree: PhD, Anthropology, 2013, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151867

► This research tests the subsistence model for the adoption of ceramic technology among coastal fisher-hunter-gatherers of the southern Atlantic coast of Brazil (5000 to 600… (more)

▼ This research tests the subsistence model for the adoption of ceramic technology among coastal fisher-hunter-gatherers of the southern Atlantic coast of Brazil (5000 to 600 BP). The subsistence model correlates the appearance of ceramic vessels at coastal sambaqui (shell mound) sites with changes in diet and/or food processing techniques. An alternative model, the prestige model, argues that prehistoric populations initially use pottery as status-bearing items in competitive feasting or as serving vessels for elite group members. To test the subsistence model, I conducted a stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis and a dental microwear texture analysis using skeletal remains from sambaqui sites located in Santa Catarina and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The results of the stable carbon isotope analysis indicate no significant difference between Pre-Ceramic and Ceramic occupations when all individuals were considered. However, when only sexed individuals were considered, males of the Pre-Ceramic period show greater consumption of marine foods than Pre-Ceramic occupation females. This difference between males and females is not significant for the Ceramic period. Results of the nitrogen isotope analysis indicate a significant increase in the consumption of marine foods among all individuals during the Ceramic period compared to the Pre-Ceramic period. The results of the dental microwear texture analysis indicate no significant difference between the Pre-Ceramic and Ceramic periods when all individuals were considered. However, Pre-Ceramic occupation males show significantly greater tooth enamel complexity (Asfc) than males of the Ceramic period. I found no statistically significant differences between time periods for anisotropy (epLsar); however, a plot containing epLsar measurements and nitrogen isotope ratios reveals a relationship between the data. Individuals from the Ceramic period tend to plot lower for measurements of anisotropy and higher for marine food consumption, while Pre-Ceramic occupation individuals plot higher for anisotropy and lower for marine food consumption. This study partially supports the subsistence model for the adoption of ceramic technology at sambaqui sites, as tests show significant differences based on sex. However, there is room in the data to explore ideas related to changes in social and political organization with the arrival of ceramic technology at these sites. Advisors/Committee Members: Wright, Lori E (advisor), Grossman, Ethan (committee member), Thoms, Alston (committee member), Eckert, Suzanne (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis; dental microwear texture analysis; coastal foragers; complex hunter-gatherers; Brazilian archaeology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Crouch, M. S. P. (2013). Testing the Subsistence Model for the Adoption of Ceramic Technology Among Coastal Sambaqui Foragers of Southern Brazil. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151867

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Crouch, Maria Shannon Parks. “Testing the Subsistence Model for the Adoption of Ceramic Technology Among Coastal Sambaqui Foragers of Southern Brazil.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed April 13, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151867.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Crouch, Maria Shannon Parks. “Testing the Subsistence Model for the Adoption of Ceramic Technology Among Coastal Sambaqui Foragers of Southern Brazil.” 2013. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Crouch MSP. Testing the Subsistence Model for the Adoption of Ceramic Technology Among Coastal Sambaqui Foragers of Southern Brazil. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151867.

Council of Science Editors:

Crouch MSP. Testing the Subsistence Model for the Adoption of Ceramic Technology Among Coastal Sambaqui Foragers of Southern Brazil. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151867

Texas A&M University

4. Jones, Christine. Hunter-Gatherers of the Central Gulf Coastal Plain and the Lower Pecos Region of Texas: Interpreting Patterns of Health and Variability.

Degree: PhD, Anthropology, 2013, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149504

► This dissertation explores patterns of health and variability among hunter-gatherers during the Holocene in two distinct ecological settings: the semi-arid Lower Pecos and Central Western… (more)

▼ This dissertation explores patterns of health and variability among hunter-gatherers during the Holocene in two distinct ecological settings: the semi-arid Lower Pecos and Central Western Gulf Coastal Plain regions of Texas. Skeletal indicators of long-term and short-term stress were examined for 279 individuals representing 20 cemetery sites. To test the assumption that stress indicators, and therefore interpretations of health, for hunter-gatherers are not homogenous but extremely variable, patterning in age, sex, porotic hyperostosis, cribra orbitalia, linear enamel hypoplasia and periostitis are analyzed. There are no significant differences in the frequencies of cribra orbitalia for adults by region; a significantly greater proportion of subadults in the Coastal Plain region were affected with anemia in infancy (40%) than adults (13.8%). If severity is not taken into account, or if only the mildest lesions are considered, a larger proportion of Lower Pecos adults show porotic hyperostosis, a sign of anemia in childhood, than Coastal Plain adults. Overall there are no statistically significant differences by sex for any of the skeletal indicators analyzed with the exception of cribra orbitalia, where males and females for Lower Pecos region are significantly different with significantly fewer males showing cribra orbitalia (0%) than females (33.3%). In analyzing linear enamel hypoplasias, only the mandibular second incisors of Lower Pecos adults were found to have a significantly greater prevalence of hypoplasia than those of the Coastal Plain. A greater proportion of adults from the Coastal Plain show periosteal lesions in the tibia and fibula (30-40%) than those from the Lower Pecos. The results of this bioarchaeological case study indicate that more complex interpretations of health patterning which include important factors such as the osteological paradox, relevant ecological variables, and a framework which stresses the age of occurrence of skeletal indicators within hunter-gatherer groups are vital and relevant to archaeological and bioarchaeological research as a whole. Increasing sample sizes in the future, using sites that are more temporally discrete, and expanding sites used from other ecological regions in addition to drawing on data from stable isotopes may help further this research. Advisors/Committee Members: Wright, Lori (advisor), Thoms, Alston (committee member), Goebel, Ted (committee member), Smeins, Fred (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: bioarchaeology; prehistory of Texas; paleopathology; porotic hyperostosis; cribra orbitalia; linear enamel hypoplasia

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APA (6^th Edition):

Jones, C. (2013). Hunter-Gatherers of the Central Gulf Coastal Plain and the Lower Pecos Region of Texas: Interpreting Patterns of Health and Variability. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149504

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jones, Christine. “Hunter-Gatherers of the Central Gulf Coastal Plain and the Lower Pecos Region of Texas: Interpreting Patterns of Health and Variability.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed April 13, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149504.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jones, Christine. “Hunter-Gatherers of the Central Gulf Coastal Plain and the Lower Pecos Region of Texas: Interpreting Patterns of Health and Variability.” 2013. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Jones C. Hunter-Gatherers of the Central Gulf Coastal Plain and the Lower Pecos Region of Texas: Interpreting Patterns of Health and Variability. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149504.

Council of Science Editors:

Jones C. Hunter-Gatherers of the Central Gulf Coastal Plain and the Lower Pecos Region of Texas: Interpreting Patterns of Health and Variability. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149504

Texas A&M University

5. Thomas, Sunshine Naomi. Storageware and Stature in the American South: Socioeconomic Conditions of the Southern Smallholder, 1830s-1930s.

Degree: PhD, Anthropology, 2016, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/157086

► Small farmers in the 1930s South, particularly those who were not land-owners, are commonly perceived as an impoverished group. Economic, agricultural, and social conditions in… (more)

▼ Small farmers in the 1930s South, particularly those who were not land-owners, are commonly perceived as an impoverished group. Economic, agricultural, and social conditions in the late 19th and early 20th century all played a role in creating this poverty, outside perceptions of regional life and residents, as well as the resulting change in demography of rural areas after the 1930s. In this research, the smallholder framework and multiple scales of analysis provide a general health context for the people of the region and focus on active efforts of small farmers to obtain and store food resources. I juxtapose estimated stature of individuals excavated from southern cemeteries, born between 1770 and 1880, with statures in the United States during that same period. Individuals that comprise the assemblage gathered here are examined by sex, race, and through time to better understand potential differences in group experience. At a smaller scale, food storage materials from 8 archaeological farm sites in the Georgia Piedmont are examined for changes in occurrence prior to 1930. Both data sets are discussed and reflect that southern smallholders carried existing food storage strategies into the early 20th century and general regional health, at least into 1900, likely remained stable because of robust smallholder strategies to maximize opportunities at many levels of economy. Regional stature, and likely general health, by the end of the 19th century does not substantially depart from stature earlier in the century nor are stature patterns notably different from national stature. Likewise, the continued presence of food storageware on farms and the addition of glass containers support the notion that even among Georgia’s poorest residents, farm family foodways continued to encourage food management, storage, and likely home gardening well into the 20th century. Advisors/Committee Members: Thoms, Alston V. (advisor), Blackwelder, Julia K. (committee member), Carlson, David (committee member), Wright, Lori E. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: stature; stoneware; smallholder; diet; socioeconomics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Thomas, S. N. (2016). Storageware and Stature in the American South: Socioeconomic Conditions of the Southern Smallholder, 1830s-1930s. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/157086

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Thomas, Sunshine Naomi. “Storageware and Stature in the American South: Socioeconomic Conditions of the Southern Smallholder, 1830s-1930s.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed April 13, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/157086.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Thomas, Sunshine Naomi. “Storageware and Stature in the American South: Socioeconomic Conditions of the Southern Smallholder, 1830s-1930s.” 2016. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Thomas SN. Storageware and Stature in the American South: Socioeconomic Conditions of the Southern Smallholder, 1830s-1930s. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/157086.

Council of Science Editors:

Thomas SN. Storageware and Stature in the American South: Socioeconomic Conditions of the Southern Smallholder, 1830s-1930s. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/157086

Texas A&M University

6. Trask, Willa Rachel. Missionization and Shifting Mobility on the Southeastern Maya-Spanish Frontier: Identifying Immigration to the Maya Site of Tipu, Belize Through the Use of Strontium and Oxygen Isotopes.

Degree: PhD, Anthropology, 2018, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174168

► The early Colonial Period visita mission cemetery Tipu represents an important opportunity to understand the role mobility played in indigenous Maya resistance on the southeastern… (more)

▼ The early Colonial Period visita mission cemetery Tipu represents an important opportunity to understand the role mobility played in indigenous Maya resistance on the southeastern Maya-Spanish frontier. This dissertation seeks to identify the geographical origin of a subset (N=195) of the over 600 Postclassic and early Colonial period Maya buried at Tipu. As geographic and cultural frontier, Tipu experienced a dynamic history of fluctuating political alliances and was a pivotal player in frontier politics. Ethnohistorical records indicate that the remote frontier community of Tipu functioned as a place of refuge for a large southern exodus of indigenous Maya from the northern Yucatan escaping the hardships encountered in more populated regions under Spanish colonial control; to date little concrete evidence for this migration has been identified. To test whether the frontier community of Tipu functioned as a haven for refugee Yucatec Maya, strontium (^87Sr/^86Sr) and oxygen (δ^18O) isotopes are used as geologic and climatic tracers to estimate potential childhood homelands for individuals buried at Tipu. Individuals comprising the Postclassic sample are used as a proxy to help establish the “local” range and to aid in the identification of shifts in mobility from the Postclassic to the Colonial period. A comparison of ^87Sr^/86Sr and δ^18O data from the Postclassic and Colonial period samples shows an increase in the quantity of Colonial period individuals falling within the “local” range, as well as a dramatic increase in the total variability and range of observed isotope values in the Colonial period. Nearly two-thirds of the Colonial Tipu population were classified as non-local, suggesting that Tipu was primarily composed of recent, first-generation migrants; a highly mobile population is consistent with ethnohistoric records for Tipu. These results indicate Spanish colonialism resulted in a significant and swift shift in mobility of the indigenous Maya, even in more peripheral frontier regions like Tipu, and underscores Tipu’s importance as a refugee for fleeing Maya. The presence of migrants from both Spanish and Maya held territories provides evidence for the fluidity of the Maya-Spanish frontier and Tipu’s importance as a gateway for trade between the two territories. Sex-based differences between migrants and locals are observed, and possible spatial patterns in the distribution of isotope values are explored. This research provides an increased realization of indigenous reactions to early European colonialism in frontier areas. Advisors/Committee Members: Wright, Lori E (advisor), Carlson, David L (committee member), de Ruiter, Darryl J (committee member), Thomas, Deborah J (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Bioarchaeology; Maya; Isotopes; mobility; migration

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APA (6^th Edition):

Trask, W. R. (2018). Missionization and Shifting Mobility on the Southeastern Maya-Spanish Frontier: Identifying Immigration to the Maya Site of Tipu, Belize Through the Use of Strontium and Oxygen Isotopes. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174168

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Trask, Willa Rachel. “Missionization and Shifting Mobility on the Southeastern Maya-Spanish Frontier: Identifying Immigration to the Maya Site of Tipu, Belize Through the Use of Strontium and Oxygen Isotopes.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed April 13, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174168.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Trask, Willa Rachel. “Missionization and Shifting Mobility on the Southeastern Maya-Spanish Frontier: Identifying Immigration to the Maya Site of Tipu, Belize Through the Use of Strontium and Oxygen Isotopes.” 2018. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Trask WR. Missionization and Shifting Mobility on the Southeastern Maya-Spanish Frontier: Identifying Immigration to the Maya Site of Tipu, Belize Through the Use of Strontium and Oxygen Isotopes. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174168.

Council of Science Editors:

Trask WR. Missionization and Shifting Mobility on the Southeastern Maya-Spanish Frontier: Identifying Immigration to the Maya Site of Tipu, Belize Through the Use of Strontium and Oxygen Isotopes. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174168

Texas A&M University

7. Carlson, Keely Britt. Developmental Simulation of the Adult Cranial Morphology of Australopithecus sediba.

Degree: PhD, Anthropology, 2014, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153581

► The present study involves the developmental simulation of the adult cranial morphology of the newly discovered species, Australopithecus sediba. Au. sediba has been the focus… (more)

▼ The present study involves the developmental simulation of the adult cranial morphology of the newly discovered species, Australopithecus sediba. Au. sediba has been the focus of considerable discussion and debate in paleoanthropology, following its announcement as a new species in 2010. The unique mosaic morphology of the Malapa hominins - with features aligning them to both earlier species of australopith as well as later Homo - has led some to hypothesize that Au. sediba represents the best candidate ancestor to the genus Homo. To date, only a single, relatively complete cranium has been recovered from the Malapa fossil site, belonging to the type specimen designated MH1. While its second molars are erupted and in occlusion, the third molars remain in the crypt, indicating the juvenile status of MH1. Some commentators have suggested that, because MH1 was a juvenile, its morphology may have changed substantially as it progressed towards adulthood. Further, these changes may have been significant enough to alter current interpretations of its morphological affinities, including traits thought to align Au. sediba with the genus Homo. As such, understanding the degree and nature of change to be expected to occur between second and third molar eruption is of crucial importance. The present study has addressed this problem using 3D geometric morphometric techniques for the developmental simulation of the MH1 fossil cranium. Landmark-based developmental vectors were acquired from three extant hominoid species, including chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), gorillas (Gorilla gorilla), and modern humans (H. sapiens). Vectors were separated by sex to control for the influence of secondary sexual characteristics and applied to the reconstructed MH1 cranium. Six virtual adult crania were generated in total, a male and female from each of the three extant hominoid species used in simulation. In order to understand the morphological affinities of these generated adults in a broader comparative context, multivariate tests were carried out using a sample of non-robust hominin crania. The results indicate that the majority of morphological changes expected to occur between second and third molar eruption are related to puberty. Results acquired from principal components analysis (PCA) and Procrustes distance matrix analysis indicate that all simulated adult crania of Au. sediba show greater similarities to one another than to other hominin species. All simulated Au. sediba adults consistently clustered together with the original juvenile cranium in PCA, separate from other hominin taxa. Results acquired from distance matrices also indicate that variation within the sample of simulated adult Au. sediba crania does not exceed that of other extant hominoid species, regardless of the developmental vector applied. Therefore, the results of this study provide empirical support for a separate, species-level diagnosis for Au. sediba, and further indicate the need to account for sexual dimorphism in morphometric studies of developmental… Advisors/Committee Members: de Ruiter, Darryl J (advisor), Wright, Lori (committee member), Carlson, David (committee member), DeWitt, Thomas J (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Australopithecus sediba; geometric morphometrics; developmental simulation

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Carlson, K. B. (2014). Developmental Simulation of the Adult Cranial Morphology of Australopithecus sediba. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153581

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Carlson, Keely Britt. “Developmental Simulation of the Adult Cranial Morphology of Australopithecus sediba.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed April 13, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153581.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Carlson, Keely Britt. “Developmental Simulation of the Adult Cranial Morphology of Australopithecus sediba.” 2014. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Carlson KB. Developmental Simulation of the Adult Cranial Morphology of Australopithecus sediba. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153581.

Council of Science Editors:

Carlson KB. Developmental Simulation of the Adult Cranial Morphology of Australopithecus sediba. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153581

Texas A&M University

8. Springer, Victoria Suzanne. Late Pleistocene Neandertal-Early Modern Human Population Dynamics: The Dental Evidence.

Degree: PhD, Anthropology, 2013, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149499

► Recent genetic studies have confirmed that there was admixture between African early modern humans and archaic populations throughout the Old World. In this dissertation, I… (more)

▼ Recent genetic studies have confirmed that there was admixture between African early modern humans and archaic populations throughout the Old World. In this dissertation, I examine European early modern human dental morphology to assess the evidence for Neandertal-human admixture. The focus of this study is not on the question of taxonomic designations of Late Pleistocene Homo, but rather on the interactions of these populations in Europe. This focus on gene flow itself redefines the Neandertal question. Rather than asking if Neandertals are a different species from H. sapiens, I focus on the nature of the interactions between archaic and modern populations, which is essential to understanding the history of modern H. sapiens regardless of species definitions. I recorded dental metric measurements and morphology observations on 85 fossil Neandertals and early modern humans and a recent modern human comparative sample of 330 Native Americans and Spaniards. I examined each trait distribution individually and through the use of Mahalanobis D2, mean measure of divergence, principle components analysis, discriminant function analysis, k-means cluster analysis, and a population genetics program, structure. Through these methods, I found evidence of admixture in the dental trait distributions of European early modern humans. However, it is not evident in traditional distance measures or cluster analyses. The earliest European modern humans do not follow the trend of dental reduction found throughout the Pleistocene and into the Holocene and do not uniformly classify with any fossil population in discriminant function analysis of metric traits. The non-metric trait sample size is too small to make any definitive conclusions, but a mosaic pattern of trait frequencies also suggests admixture. The recent modern human sample shows that while increased variation and a mosaic of non-metric traits persist through many generations after admixture has ceased, traditional methods of distance analysis cannot detect low levels of admixture within 200 years. The program structure is effective in finding patterns of variation within and among populations using morphological data. It will be useful for future analyses of dental traits and other fossil data, given the ability to use it with an incomplete data set. Advisors/Committee Members: Athreya, Sheela (advisor), Carlson, David L. (committee member), Johnston, J Spencer (committee member), Wright, Lori E. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Admixture; Hybridization; Population Dynamics; Human Evolution; Native American Studies; Hohokam-Pima; Biological Anthropology; Dental Anthropology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Springer, V. S. (2013). Late Pleistocene Neandertal-Early Modern Human Population Dynamics: The Dental Evidence. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149499

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Springer, Victoria Suzanne. “Late Pleistocene Neandertal-Early Modern Human Population Dynamics: The Dental Evidence.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed April 13, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149499.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Springer, Victoria Suzanne. “Late Pleistocene Neandertal-Early Modern Human Population Dynamics: The Dental Evidence.” 2013. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Springer VS. Late Pleistocene Neandertal-Early Modern Human Population Dynamics: The Dental Evidence. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149499.

Council of Science Editors:

Springer VS. Late Pleistocene Neandertal-Early Modern Human Population Dynamics: The Dental Evidence. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149499

Texas A&M University

9. Butaric, Lauren Nicole. Ecogeographic Patterns of Maxillary Sinus Variation Among Homo sapiens: Environmental Adaptation or Architectural By-product?.

Degree: PhD, Anthropology, 2013, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149579

► Ecogeographic patterns of modern human craniofacial diversity suggest external nasal structures reflect climatic adaptations for respiratory and thermoregulatory functions. Regarding internal structures, the maxillary sinus… (more)

▼ Ecogeographic patterns of modern human craniofacial diversity suggest external nasal structures reflect climatic adaptations for respiratory and thermoregulatory functions. Regarding internal structures, the maxillary sinus supposedly varies as a function of the nasal cavity while not contributing in respiratory function. Owing to conflicting results, this study reinvestigates that claim by evaluating maxillary sinus variation in a larger sample (n=200) spanning 11 ecogeographic regions. The surface-area-to-volume (SA:V) ratio (i.e., relative mucosal area) was collected in addition to sinus volume and linear dimensions. Pearson correlations show nasal cavity breadth and maxillary sinus volume are not significantly correlated, and individuals from cold, versus hot, climates exhibit larger volumes with lower surface-area-to-volume (SA:V) ratios. Individuals from high altitudes display a unique configuration with high SA:V ratios and large maxillary sinus volumes. Analyses of variance largely fail to find significant differences among the 11 samples. However, a canonical variate analysis of nasal and sinus dimensions indicates clear separations between the heat- and cold-adapted populations, as well as among the cold-adapted populations. Specifically, Arctic populations display smaller sinus volumes and lower SA:V ratios. Mantel tests indicate certain sinus dimensions depart from isolation-by-distance models. Results indicate that maxillary sinus form does not simply follow isolation-by-distance models and cannot simply be explained in terms of nasal cavity breadth or craniofacial architecture— suggesting that environmental pressures are directly acting on the sinus. Functional possibilities for the sinus include thermoregulatory functions among Arctic populations and/or nitric oxide production for high-altitude populations. Additional considerations and future lines of research are presented. Advisors/Committee Members: Athreya, Sheela (advisor), Carlson, David L (committee member), Carlson, David S (committee member), Wright, Lori (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Maxillary sinus; modern human variation; upper respiratory function

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APA (6^th Edition):

Butaric, L. N. (2013). Ecogeographic Patterns of Maxillary Sinus Variation Among Homo sapiens: Environmental Adaptation or Architectural By-product?. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149579

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Butaric, Lauren Nicole. “Ecogeographic Patterns of Maxillary Sinus Variation Among Homo sapiens: Environmental Adaptation or Architectural By-product?.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed April 13, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149579.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Butaric, Lauren Nicole. “Ecogeographic Patterns of Maxillary Sinus Variation Among Homo sapiens: Environmental Adaptation or Architectural By-product?.” 2013. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Butaric LN. Ecogeographic Patterns of Maxillary Sinus Variation Among Homo sapiens: Environmental Adaptation or Architectural By-product?. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149579.

Council of Science Editors:

Butaric LN. Ecogeographic Patterns of Maxillary Sinus Variation Among Homo sapiens: Environmental Adaptation or Architectural By-product?. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149579

10. Riley, Timothy. Assessing Diet and Seasonality in the Lower Pecos Canyonlands: An Evaluation of Coprolite Specimens as Records of Individual Dietary Decisions.

Degree: PhD, Anthropology, 2012, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8830

► This dissertation presents an evaluation of coprolite specimens from the Lower Pecos canyonlands as records of individual dietary decisions. Prior studies of coprolites from this… (more)

▼ This dissertation presents an evaluation of coprolite specimens from the Lower Pecos canyonlands as records of individual dietary decisions. Prior studies of coprolites from this region have greatly expanded our knowledge of Archaic subsistence patterns, but have not taken full advantage of the record of individual dietary decisions recorded in each coprolite specimen. The menu, or dietary combinations, reflected in individual coprolite specimens are assessed through the identification of several congruent botanical components derived from the same food resource, phytoliths, fiber ultimates, and epidermal sheets. The data is analyzed with hierarchical cluster analysis, an exploratory statistical technique. The resultant menus reflected in these clusters are evaluated with reference to the diet-breadth model developed for the known staple resources of the canyonlands as well as the seasonal subsistence patterns observed in the ethnohistoric record of modern-day Mexico and Texas. This same technique is also applied to the coprolite data available from previous studies in the Lower Pecos canyonlands. Overall, the combined dietary data available for the Lower Pecos canyonlands presents a similar dependence on desertic plant resources throughout the Archaic. Three main menus are apparent in the specimens. The first menu consists of prickly pear (Opuntia sp.) cladodes, or nopales, and was principally, although not exclusively, consumed in the late spring. This menu is primarily consumed when other resources were not readily available and may be considered a dependable but undesirable meal. The second menu consists of pit-baked lechuguilla (Agave lechuguilla) and sotol (Dasylirion sp.) caudices, or hearts, common throughout the cool season. This menu entails high processing costs, but would provide a reliable caloric return. The third menu exhibits a monolithic reliance on prickly pear fruits, or tunas, during the summer. The ease of harvest and consumption is reflected in the seasonal dominance of this resource, which was assuredly a highly desirable meal. The dietary patterns recorded in the coprolite specimens from the Lower Pecos canyonlands demonstrate a seasonally variable diet-breadth that incorporated low-ranked resources during times of seasonal scarcity as well as a monolithic dependence on high-ranked resources when they were available in the local landscape. Advisors/Committee Members: Bryant, Vaughn M. (advisor), Thoms, Alston (committee member), Wright, Lori (committee member), Holzenburg, Andreas (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Coprolite; Lower Pecos; Hunter-Gatherer; Individual dietary decisions; Diet-Breadth; Optimal Foraging Theory; Chihuahuan Desert; Sotol; lechuguilla; prickly pear

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APA (6^th Edition):

Riley, T. (2012). Assessing Diet and Seasonality in the Lower Pecos Canyonlands: An Evaluation of Coprolite Specimens as Records of Individual Dietary Decisions. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8830

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Riley, Timothy. “Assessing Diet and Seasonality in the Lower Pecos Canyonlands: An Evaluation of Coprolite Specimens as Records of Individual Dietary Decisions.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed April 13, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8830.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Riley, Timothy. “Assessing Diet and Seasonality in the Lower Pecos Canyonlands: An Evaluation of Coprolite Specimens as Records of Individual Dietary Decisions.” 2012. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Riley T. Assessing Diet and Seasonality in the Lower Pecos Canyonlands: An Evaluation of Coprolite Specimens as Records of Individual Dietary Decisions. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8830.

Council of Science Editors:

Riley T. Assessing Diet and Seasonality in the Lower Pecos Canyonlands: An Evaluation of Coprolite Specimens as Records of Individual Dietary Decisions. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8830

11. Sweitz, Samuel Randles. On the periphery of the periphery: household archaeology at Hacienda Tabi, Yucatan, Mexico.

Degree: PhD, Anthropology, 2006, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4356

► The archaeological remains at Hacienda Tabi provide an opportunity to study the effects of large-scale societal changes on the lives of the Maya who worked… (more)

▼ The archaeological remains at Hacienda Tabi provide an opportunity to study the effects of large-scale societal changes on the lives of the Maya who worked on the hacienda. The households, represented by the ruins of the workerÃ¢ÂÂs village surrounding the main hacienda grounds, were at the core of late colonial/independence era Maya life. These households were subject to the forces of acculturation that accompanied the rise and supremacy of the hacienda system during the late eighteenth century. Archaeological excavations at Hacienda Tabi have revealed a re-orientation of social organization during this period. Prior to the formation of the hacienda system, domestic and social organization focused on kinship and extended family subsistence organization. Social status, wealth, and power in pre-hacienda communities were predicated on issues of age, sex, and familial rank within both the extended family and community. The hacienda system brought about fundamental changes in the organization and relations of production. These changes, e.g. the separation of producer from the means of production and commodity based production versus subsistence based production, changed the basis and therefore the form of Yucatecan social organization. Under the new system, the nuclear family rather than the extended family or community became the prime unit of social organization. In the hacienda community status was based on occupation and oneÃ¢ÂÂs place within the newly established labor hierarchy. The changing realities of social organization found under the hacienda system are reflected in the settlement patterns and material remains of the workersÃ¢ÂÂ village at Hacienda Tabi. The material culture and types of housing excavated and recorded at Tabi underscore the inequalities engendered within the hacienda system of production. The research conducted at Hacienda Tabi has illuminated the changes associated with YucatanÃ¢ÂÂs articulation into the greater world system. Advisors/Committee Members: Carlson, David (advisor), Schmidt, Henry (committee member), shafer, Harry (committee member), Wright, Lori (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: archaeology; hacienda; Yucatan; maya; world systems; annales

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APA (6^th Edition):

Sweitz, S. R. (2006). On the periphery of the periphery: household archaeology at Hacienda Tabi, Yucatan, Mexico. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4356

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sweitz, Samuel Randles. “On the periphery of the periphery: household archaeology at Hacienda Tabi, Yucatan, Mexico.” 2006. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed April 13, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4356.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sweitz, Samuel Randles. “On the periphery of the periphery: household archaeology at Hacienda Tabi, Yucatan, Mexico.” 2006. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Sweitz SR. On the periphery of the periphery: household archaeology at Hacienda Tabi, Yucatan, Mexico. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2006. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4356.

Council of Science Editors:

Sweitz SR. On the periphery of the periphery: household archaeology at Hacienda Tabi, Yucatan, Mexico. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2006. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4356

Texas A&M University

12. Minjares, Amador, Jr. Human skeletal remains of the ancient Maya in the caves of Dos Pilas, Guatemala.

Degree: MA, Anthropology, 2004, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/243

► This study focuses on the assessment of the depositional activity that occurred in six caves of the Petexbatun region of the Peten, Guatemala through a… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Maya; caves; human remains; secondary burial; Guatemala

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APA (6^th Edition):

Minjares, Amador, J. (2004). Human skeletal remains of the ancient Maya in the caves of Dos Pilas, Guatemala. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/243

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Minjares, Amador, Jr. “Human skeletal remains of the ancient Maya in the caves of Dos Pilas, Guatemala.” 2004. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed April 13, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/243.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Minjares, Amador, Jr. “Human skeletal remains of the ancient Maya in the caves of Dos Pilas, Guatemala.” 2004. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Minjares, Amador J. Human skeletal remains of the ancient Maya in the caves of Dos Pilas, Guatemala. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2004. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/243.

Council of Science Editors:

Minjares, Amador J. Human skeletal remains of the ancient Maya in the caves of Dos Pilas, Guatemala. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2004. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/243

Texas A&M University

13. Scherer, Andrew Kenneth. Dental analysis of Classic period population variability in the Maya area.

Degree: PhD, Anthropology, 2005, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1420

► In this dissertation I examine population history and structure in the Maya area during the Classic period (A.D. 250-900). Within the Maya area, archaeologists have… (more)

▼ In this dissertation I examine population history and structure in the Maya area during the Classic period (A.D. 250-900). Within the Maya area, archaeologists have identified regional variation in material culture between archaeological zones. These cultural differences may correspond to biological differences between Classic Maya populations. I test the hypothesis that Classic Maya population structure followed an isolation by distance model. I collected dental nonmetric and metric traits on 977 skeletons, from 18 Classic period sites, representing seven different archaeological zones. I corrected the data for intraobserver error. For the dental nonmetric data, I developed a Maya-specific trait dichotomization scheme and controlled for sex bias. I tested the dental metric data for normality and age affects. I imputed missing dental metric data for some traits and the remaining set of traits was Q-mode transformed to control for allometric factors. I analyzed the dental nonmetric and metric datasets with both univariate and multivariate tests. I found, with a log likelihood ratio, that 50% of the nonmetric traits exhibited statistically significant differences between Maya sites. I performed a Mean Measure of Divergence analysis of the dental nonmetric dataset and found that majority of the resulting pairwise distance values were significant. Using cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling, I found that the dental nonmetric data do not support an isolation by distance organization of Classic Maya population structure. In the ANOVA and MANOVA tests, I did not find major statistically significant differences in dental metrics between Maya sites. Using principal components analysis, a Mahalanobis Distance test, and R matrix analysis, I found a generally similar patterning of the dental metric data. The dental metric data to not support an isolation by distance model for Classic Maya population structure. However, the geographically outlying sites from Kaminaljuyu and the Pacific Coast repeatedly plotted as biological outliers. R matrix analysis indicates that gene flow, not genetic drift, dominated Classic Maya population structure. Based on the results of the dental nonmetric and metric analyses, I reject the hypothesis that isolation by distance is a valid model for Classic Maya population structure. From the multivariate analyses of the dental nonmetric and metric data, a few notable observations are made. The major sites of Tikal and Calakmul both demonstrate substantial intrasite biological heterogeneity, with some affinity to other sites but with little to one another. Piedras Negras demonstrates some evidence for genetic isolation from the other lowland Maya sites. In the Pasión Zone, Seibal and Altar de Sacrificios demonstrate some affinity to one another, though Dos Pilas is an outlier. The R matrix analysis found evidence of Classic period immigration into Seibal from outside the network of sites tested. The Belize Zone exhibited substantial heterogeneity among its sites,… Advisors/Committee Members: Wright, Lori E. (advisor), Steele, D. Gentry (committee member), Carlson, David L. (committee member), Honeycutt, Rodney L. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Maya; Biological distance; Dental metrics; Dental nonmetrics; bioarchaeology; Population history

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APA (6^th Edition):

Scherer, A. K. (2005). Dental analysis of Classic period population variability in the Maya area. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1420

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Scherer, Andrew Kenneth. “Dental analysis of Classic period population variability in the Maya area.” 2005. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed April 13, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1420.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Scherer, Andrew Kenneth. “Dental analysis of Classic period population variability in the Maya area.” 2005. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Scherer AK. Dental analysis of Classic period population variability in the Maya area. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2005. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1420.

Council of Science Editors:

Scherer AK. Dental analysis of Classic period population variability in the Maya area. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2005. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1420

Texas A&M University

14. Wiersema, Jason Matthew. The petrous portion of the human temporal bone: potential for forensic individuation.

Degree: PhD, Anthropology, 2009, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1724

► In this dissertation I evaluate the potential of the morphology of the petrous portion of the human temporal bone as seen on axial CT scans… (more)

▼ In this dissertation I evaluate the potential of the morphology of the petrous portion of the human temporal bone as seen on axial CT scans of the head as a means to generate identifications of fragmentary human skeletal remains. The specific goals are threefold: (1) To investigate variability in the shape of the petrous portion of the human temporal bone using two-dimensional morphometric analysis; (2) to evaluate the reliability of the resultant method in forensic identification; and (3) to consider the results within the framework of Bayesian theory in light of recent rulings regarding the admissibility of forensic testimony. The data used in this research were collected from axial CT images of the cranium. Two sets of images were collected for each of the 115 individuals in the sample so that Euclidean distance comparisons could be made between images of the same individual and images from different individuals. I collected two-dimensional coordinate data from 36 landmarks on each of the CT images and calculated the distances between each of the coordinate points to generate the data used in the statistical analyses. I pared down this set of measurements using two different models (referred to as the biological and PCFA models). The measurement sets of both models were then compared to one another using nearest neighbor analysis, to test their relative efficiency in matching replicate images to one another. The results of both models were highly accurate. Three incorrect nearest neighbor matches resulted from the biological model and 5 from the PCFA model. The errors appear to have been the result of variation in the axial plane between the first and second scans. The results of the nearest neighbor comparisons were then considered within the context of Bayes' Theorem by calculating likelihood ratios and posterior probabilities. The likelihood ratios and posterior probabilities were very high for both models, indicating that: 1) there is significant individual variability in the measurements of the petrous portion used in this research, and 2) this variation represents a high level of potential accuracy in the application of this method in the identification of forensic remains. Advisors/Committee Members: Wright, Lori E. (advisor), Athreya, Sheela (committee member), de Ruiter, Darryl (committee member), McCord, Gary (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Forensic anthropology; commingling; mass disaster; forensic identification; petrous portion of temporal bone; Computed tomography

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wiersema, J. M. (2009). The petrous portion of the human temporal bone: potential for forensic individuation. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1724

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wiersema, Jason Matthew. “The petrous portion of the human temporal bone: potential for forensic individuation.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed April 13, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1724.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wiersema, Jason Matthew. “The petrous portion of the human temporal bone: potential for forensic individuation.” 2009. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Wiersema JM. The petrous portion of the human temporal bone: potential for forensic individuation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2009. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1724.

Council of Science Editors:

Wiersema JM. The petrous portion of the human temporal bone: potential for forensic individuation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1724

Texas A&M University

15. Yoder, Cassady J. The Late Medieval Agrarian Crisis and Black Death plague epidemic in medieval Denmark: a paleopathological and paleodietary perspective.

Degree: PhD, Anthropology, 2009, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1725

► The medieval period of Denmark (11th-16th centuries) witnessed two of the worst demographic, health, and dietary catastrophes in history: the Late Medieval Agrarian Crisis (LMAC)… (more)

▼ The medieval period of Denmark (11th-16th centuries) witnessed two of the worst demographic, health, and dietary catastrophes in history: the Late Medieval Agrarian Crisis (LMAC) and the Black Death plague epidemic. Historians have argued that these events resulted in a change in subsistence from a cereal grain to a more pastorallyfocused diet, and that the population decimation resulted in improved living conditions. This dissertation bioarchaeologically examines the impact of these historically described events on the diet and health of the population from Jutland, Denmark. I examine the stable isotopic ratios of carbon and nitrogen, dental caries, cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis, periosteal reactions, and femur length to examine the samples for dietary and health differences due to sex, time period, site and social status. The results suggest that there are few chronological differences in diet or health in these samples. There are greater disparities among the sites, as peasants from the rural site had a more terrestrially-based diet and poorer health than the urban sites. While there is little difference in diet by sex, there is a disparity in health between the sexes. However, the direction of difference varies by site, suggesting that the relative treatment of the sexes was not universal in Denmark. While the results indicate there is little difference in health by status, there are dietary differences, as elites had a more marinebased diet than peasants. This research indicates the importance of bioarchaeological analysis in the interpretation of historical events. The recording of history is dependent on the viewpoint of the recorder and may not accurately reflect the importance of events on the the population itself. Bioarchaeological techniques examine skeletal material from the individuals in question and may provide a better understanding of the consequences of historic events on the population, such as the effects of the LMAC and Black Death on the population of Denmark. This research reveals that, contrary to historical expectation, these events did not have a measurable impact on Danish diet or health. Thus, the use of historical documentation and bioarchaeological analyses provides a richer understanding of these historical events. Advisors/Committee Members: Wright, Lori E. (advisor), Athreya, Sheela (committee member), Paul, Vivian (committee member), Vieira de Castro, Filipe (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Medieval; Bioarchaeology; Paleodiet; Paleopathology; Health; Stable Isotope; Denmark; Paleonutrition

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APA (6^th Edition):

Yoder, C. J. (2009). The Late Medieval Agrarian Crisis and Black Death plague epidemic in medieval Denmark: a paleopathological and paleodietary perspective. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1725

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Yoder, Cassady J. “The Late Medieval Agrarian Crisis and Black Death plague epidemic in medieval Denmark: a paleopathological and paleodietary perspective.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed April 13, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1725.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Yoder, Cassady J. “The Late Medieval Agrarian Crisis and Black Death plague epidemic in medieval Denmark: a paleopathological and paleodietary perspective.” 2009. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Yoder CJ. The Late Medieval Agrarian Crisis and Black Death plague epidemic in medieval Denmark: a paleopathological and paleodietary perspective. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2009. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1725.

Council of Science Editors:

Yoder CJ. The Late Medieval Agrarian Crisis and Black Death plague epidemic in medieval Denmark: a paleopathological and paleodietary perspective. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1725

Texas A&M University

16. Bartelink, Eric John. Resource intensification in pre-contact central California: a bioarchaeological perspective on diet and health patterns among hunter-gatherers from the lower Sacramento Valley and San Francisco Bay.

Degree: PhD, Anthropology, 2006, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3844

► In this study, I use bioarchaeological data derived from human burials to evaluate subsistence change in mid-to-late Holocene central California (circa 4950-200 B.P.). Previous investigations… (more)

▼ In this study, I use bioarchaeological data derived from human burials to evaluate subsistence change in mid-to-late Holocene central California (circa 4950-200 B.P.). Previous investigations in the region have proposed two competing models to account for changes in subsistence patterns. The seasonal stress hypothesis argues that the increased reliance on acorns and small seeds during the late Holocene led to improved health status, since these resources could be stored and used as a Â“bufferÂ” against seasonal food shortages. In contrast, resource intensification models predict temporal declines in health during the late Holocene, as measured by a decline in dietary quality and health status, increased population crowding, and greater levels of sedentism. I test the hypothesis that health status, as measured by childhood stress and disease indicators, declined during the late Holocene in central California. I analyzed 511 human skeletons from ten archaeological sites in the Sacramento Valley and San Francisco Bay area to investigate temporal and spatial variability in diet and health. I analyzed a subset (n = 111) of this sample to evaluate prehistoric dietary patterns using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios. Indicators of health status show significant temporal and regional variation. In the Valley, tibial periosteal reactions, porotic hyperostosis, and enamel hypoplasias significantly increased through time, implying a decline in health status. In the Bay, health indicators show little temporal variability. However, inter-regional comparisons indicate a higher prevalence of stress and disease indicators among Bay Area skeletons than in the Valley skeletal series. The stable isotope data from human bone collagen and apatite also indicate significant interregional differences in prehistoric diets between the Bay and the Valley. In the Bay, diets shifted from high trophic level marine foods to a more terrestrially focused diet over time. In the Valley, there are no significant dietary trends observed in the data. Dental caries and antemortem tooth loss are significantly more prevalent in the Valley than in the Bay, and closely match the isotopic findings. The paleopathological findings provide support for late Holocene resource intensification models posited for the Valley, but not for the Bay Area. Advisors/Committee Members: Wright, Lori Ellen (advisor), Athreya, Sheela (committee member), Grossman, Ethan L. (committee member), Thoms, Alston V. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Bioarchaeology; California Prehistory

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Bartelink, E. J. (2006). Resource intensification in pre-contact central California: a bioarchaeological perspective on diet and health patterns among hunter-gatherers from the lower Sacramento Valley and San Francisco Bay. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3844

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bartelink, Eric John. “Resource intensification in pre-contact central California: a bioarchaeological perspective on diet and health patterns among hunter-gatherers from the lower Sacramento Valley and San Francisco Bay.” 2006. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed April 13, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3844.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bartelink, Eric John. “Resource intensification in pre-contact central California: a bioarchaeological perspective on diet and health patterns among hunter-gatherers from the lower Sacramento Valley and San Francisco Bay.” 2006. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Bartelink EJ. Resource intensification in pre-contact central California: a bioarchaeological perspective on diet and health patterns among hunter-gatherers from the lower Sacramento Valley and San Francisco Bay. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2006. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3844.

Council of Science Editors:

Bartelink EJ. Resource intensification in pre-contact central California: a bioarchaeological perspective on diet and health patterns among hunter-gatherers from the lower Sacramento Valley and San Francisco Bay. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2006. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3844

Texas A&M University

17. Barrett, Jason Wallace. Constructive hierarchy through entitlement: inequality in lithic resource access among the ancient Maya of Blue Creek, Belize.

Degree: PhD, Anthropology, 2005, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1338

► This dissertation tests the theory that lithic raw materials were a strategic resource among the ancient Maya of Blue Creek, Belize that markedly influenced the… (more)

▼ This dissertation tests the theory that lithic raw materials were a strategic resource among the ancient Maya of Blue Creek, Belize that markedly influenced the development of socio-economic hierarchies at the site. Recent research has brought attention to the role of critical resource control as a mechanism contributing to the development of political economies among the ancient Maya. Such research has been primarily focused on the control of access to water and agricultural land. The examination of lithic raw materials as a critical economic resource is warranted as stone tools constituted a fundamental component of the ancient Maya economy. My research objectives include measuring raw material variability in the Blue Creek settlement zone and its immediate environs, assessing the amount of spatial and temporal variability present in the distribution of various raw materials, determining the degree to which proximity to a given resource influenced the relative level of its use, and testing whether differential resource access relates to variability in aggregate expressions of wealth. To meet these objectives, I examined 2136 formal stone tools and 24,944 pieces of debitage from excavations across the Blue Creek settlement zone, and I developed a lithic raw material type collection using natural outcrops. Significant spatial and temporal differences were observed in the use of various raw materials. Control of critical resources under conditions of scarcity is shown to have caused social stratification among the ancient Maya of Blue Creek. Initial disparities in use-right arrangements based on first occupancy rights produced substantial, accumulative inequality in economic capability and subsequent achievements. During the Early Classic period, these disproportionate allowances ultimately undermined the more egalitarian structure observed during the Preclassic. The Early Classic period at Blue Creek is characterized by increasing extravagance among the elites and increasing disenfranchisement throughout the hinterlands when compared to earlier periods. This suggests that elites at the site only became fully able to convert their resource monopolies into substantial gains in power, prestige, and wealth during the Classic period. Advisors/Committee Members: Shafer, Harry J. (advisor), Dickson, D. Bruce (committee member), Wright, Lori E. (committee member), Coulson, Robert L. (committee member), Guderjan, Thomas H. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: archaeology; stone tools; hierarchy; Blue Creek; Maya; inequality; political economy; lithic resources

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Barrett, J. W. (2005). Constructive hierarchy through entitlement: inequality in lithic resource access among the ancient Maya of Blue Creek, Belize. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1338

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Barrett, Jason Wallace. “Constructive hierarchy through entitlement: inequality in lithic resource access among the ancient Maya of Blue Creek, Belize.” 2005. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed April 13, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1338.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Barrett, Jason Wallace. “Constructive hierarchy through entitlement: inequality in lithic resource access among the ancient Maya of Blue Creek, Belize.” 2005. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Barrett JW. Constructive hierarchy through entitlement: inequality in lithic resource access among the ancient Maya of Blue Creek, Belize. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2005. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1338.

Council of Science Editors:

Barrett JW. Constructive hierarchy through entitlement: inequality in lithic resource access among the ancient Maya of Blue Creek, Belize. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2005. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1338

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