+publisher:"Texas A&M University" +contributor:("Welsh, Jane C.")

Texas A&M University

1. Mitchell, Nicole Jean. Human Exposure to Foodborne Toxins in Ghana: Intervention Strategy for Reduction of Aflatoxin and Fumonisin Bioavailability.

Degree: PhD, Toxicology, 2013, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151665

► International health has typically focused on remediation of infectious diseases in developing countries. However, recent reports from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)… (more)

▼ International health has typically focused on remediation of infectious diseases in developing countries. However, recent reports from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) have highlighted the importance of cancer incidence/ mortality in the developing world. Foodborne mycotoxins produced by fungi, called aflatoxin (AF) and fumonisin (FB), have been associated with hepatocellular and esophageal carcinomas among other deleterious effects, such as growth faltering and immune dysfunction. Exposure to these toxins in Ghana is particularly high due to food insecurity, climate, and lack of regulatory infrastructures. Work to alleviate AF and FB contamination in Africa has focused on instituting good agricultural and storage practices however, exposures remain inextricable in many communities. Utilization of a calcium montmorillonite clay, UPSN, shows promise of tightly binding both AF and FB in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby reducing their bioavailability. The objectives of this research were to determine exposure susceptibility in Ghana and to assess efficacy and safety of UPSN treatment within vulnerable populations. Cross-sectional data from six different regions of Ghana indicated that AF exposure is associated with maize consumption and region of residence. However, food preparation practices were not correlated to AF levels in the present study. Therefore, future intervention strategies were focused on the end point of the food consumption chain by reducing AF exposure from maize immediately prior to ingestion (i.e. UPSN treatment). In a three-month trial an encapsulated montmorillonite clay was efficacious in reducing AF exposure. However, concern for sustainability and its applicability for children led to an effort to alter the dose dissemination form. Inclusion of UPSN in common Ghanaian foods retained the efficacy of the clay, reducing a short-term biomarker (AFM_(1)) by 55%, and was determined to be safe in children (ages 3-9). Importantly, daily assessment of AFM_(1) levels was successful in providing statistical significance of intervention effects within only five days of treatment. Initial results indicate that UPSN could efficiently to bind both AF and FB in the gastrointestinal tract, reducing biomarkers for both toxins in animal models. Thus, UPSN could positively impact health in developing communities at risk for AF and FB exposure. Advisors/Committee Members: Phillips, Timothy D (advisor), Porter, Weston W (committee member), Safe, Stephen H (committee member), Welsh, Jane C (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Aflatoxin; Fumonisin; Bioavailability; NovaSil clay; Enterosorption

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Mitchell, N. J. (2013). Human Exposure to Foodborne Toxins in Ghana: Intervention Strategy for Reduction of Aflatoxin and Fumonisin Bioavailability. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151665

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mitchell, Nicole Jean. “Human Exposure to Foodborne Toxins in Ghana: Intervention Strategy for Reduction of Aflatoxin and Fumonisin Bioavailability.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 01, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151665.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mitchell, Nicole Jean. “Human Exposure to Foodborne Toxins in Ghana: Intervention Strategy for Reduction of Aflatoxin and Fumonisin Bioavailability.” 2013. Web. 01 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Mitchell NJ. Human Exposure to Foodborne Toxins in Ghana: Intervention Strategy for Reduction of Aflatoxin and Fumonisin Bioavailability. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 01]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151665.

Council of Science Editors:

Mitchell NJ. Human Exposure to Foodborne Toxins in Ghana: Intervention Strategy for Reduction of Aflatoxin and Fumonisin Bioavailability. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151665

Texas A&M University

2. Johnson, Margarete. Development and Characterization of an In-Vitro Tissue Culture Model for Equine Laminitis.

Degree: MS, Biomedical Sciences, 2014, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153612

► Equine laminitis, a disease affecting the laminar tissue in the hoof, is a common and debilitating disease in horses with a significant impact on the… (more)

▼ Equine laminitis, a disease affecting the laminar tissue in the hoof, is a common and debilitating disease in horses with a significant impact on the equine industry. Currently nearly all laminitis studies are conducted in live horses, a process that is both expensive and limited in biological replicates. Thus the development of an in vitro model for the disease is an important step in advancing laminitis research. Recent evidence suggests that apolipoprotein A-IV (apoA-IV) may be involved in the chronic form of the disease but little is known about this protein in the horse, and its effects on the laminar tissue are unknown. The primary goal of this project was to produce a model for inducing inflammation in slices of laminar tissue in culture. We tested two inflammatory agents: interleukin 6 (IL-6) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and measured their effect on the expression of inflammatory cytokines and seven laminitis-associated genes found to be differentially expressed in horses with induced laminitis. The second goal of the project was to test the effects of apoA-IV on laminar tissue inflammation in our model in the presence and absence of the two inflammatory agents, and to further characterize the protein in horses by determining its sequence and expression pattern in this animal. The laminar tissue remained alive and contamination-free over the course of the experiment, showing the viability of our culture. IL-6 did not induce changes in gene expression consistent with those found in horses with laminitis. However, the addition of LPS led to changes in cytokine expression mimicking those seen in horses with induced laminitis and increased two of the seven laminitis-associated genes. The addition of apoA-IV had no effect on laminar tissue inflammation by itself or in the presence of IL-6 or LPS. We found the highest expression of APOA4 in the liver followed by the small intestine, a pattern unique in its high hepatic contribution. A better understanding of how apoA-IV is produced and functions in horses may shed light on its role in laminitis. In the future our tissue culture model could be used in testing agents suspected of causing laminar tissue inflammation and eventually in the development and testing of potential treatments for laminitis. Advisors/Committee Members: Chowdhary, Bhanu P (advisor), Welsh, Jane C (advisor), Janecka, Jan E (committee member), Smith, Stephen B (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: laminitis; in vitro; culture; lps; il-6; apoa-iv

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Johnson, M. (2014). Development and Characterization of an In-Vitro Tissue Culture Model for Equine Laminitis. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153612

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Johnson, Margarete. “Development and Characterization of an In-Vitro Tissue Culture Model for Equine Laminitis.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 01, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153612.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Johnson, Margarete. “Development and Characterization of an In-Vitro Tissue Culture Model for Equine Laminitis.” 2014. Web. 01 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Johnson M. Development and Characterization of an In-Vitro Tissue Culture Model for Equine Laminitis. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 01]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153612.

Council of Science Editors:

Johnson M. Development and Characterization of an In-Vitro Tissue Culture Model for Equine Laminitis. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153612

3. Burckhardt, Heather Ann. Incorporation of analgesics into rodent embryo transfer protocols: assessing the effects on reproductive outcomes.

Degree: MS, Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2009, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1140

► Surgical embryo transfer in rodents is a common procedure in today’s research laboratory, although little is known of the effect analgesics may have on not… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: analgesics; mice; embryo transfer; pain

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Burckhardt, H. A. (2009). Incorporation of analgesics into rodent embryo transfer protocols: assessing the effects on reproductive outcomes. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1140

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Burckhardt, Heather Ann. “Incorporation of analgesics into rodent embryo transfer protocols: assessing the effects on reproductive outcomes.” 2009. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 01, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1140.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Burckhardt, Heather Ann. “Incorporation of analgesics into rodent embryo transfer protocols: assessing the effects on reproductive outcomes.” 2009. Web. 01 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Burckhardt HA. Incorporation of analgesics into rodent embryo transfer protocols: assessing the effects on reproductive outcomes. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2009. [cited 2021 Mar 01]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1140.

Council of Science Editors:

Burckhardt HA. Incorporation of analgesics into rodent embryo transfer protocols: assessing the effects on reproductive outcomes. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1140

Texas A&M University

4. Yang, Wonsuk. The bipyridyl herbicide paraquat-induced toxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells: relevance to dopaminergic pathogenesis.

Degree: PhD, Toxicology, 2006, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4384

► Paraquat (PQ) is a cationic non-selective bipyridyl herbicide widely used in agriculture to control weeds and grasses. Epidemiologic studies indicate that exposure to pesticides can… (more)

▼ Paraquat (PQ) is a cationic non-selective bipyridyl herbicide widely used in agriculture to control weeds and grasses. Epidemiologic studies indicate that exposure to pesticides can be a risk factor in the incidence of Parkinson`s disease (PD). A strong correlation has been reported between exposure to paraquat and PD incidence in Canada, Taiwan, and United States. This correlation is supported by animal studies showing that paraquat produces toxicity in dopaminergic neurons of the rat and mouse brain. However, it is unclear how paraquat triggers toxicity in dopaminergic neurons. Based on the previous reports, it was hypothesized that paraquat may induce oxidative stress and proteasomal dysfunction-mediated toxicity in dopaminergic neurons. To explore this possibility, dopaminergic SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells were treated with paraquat, and several biomarkers of oxidative stress or proteasomal dysfunction were investigated. First, a specific dopamine transporter inhibitor GBR12909 significantly protected SY5Y cells against the toxicity of paraquat, indicating that paraquat exerts its toxicity by a mechanism involving the dopamine transporter (DAT). Second, paraquat increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in SY5Y cells, but decreased the levels of glutathione. Third, paraquat inhibited glutathione peroxidase activity, but did not affect glutathione reductase activity. On the other hand, paraquat increased GST activity by 24 hr, after which GST activity returned to the control value at 48 hr. Fourth, paraquat decreased mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP). Fifth, paraquat produced the increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyls, as well as DNA fragmentation, indicating oxidative damage to major cellular components. Sixth, paraquat decreased proteasomal activity, the activities of mitochondrial complex I and V, and intracellular ATP levels, but increased the activities of caspase 3 and 9, indicating that proteasomal inhibition is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction accompanied by the activation of apoptotic signaling pathway. Seventh, paraquat increased the protein levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), p53, Bax, ÃÂ±-synuclein and ubiquitinated proteins. Eighth, paraquat induced nuclear condensation. Taken together, these findings support the hypothesis that paraquat produces oxidative stress and proteasomal dysfunctionmediated toxicity in SY5Y cells. Thus, current findings suggest that paraquat may induce the pathogenesis of dopaminergic neurons through oxidative stress and proteasomal dysfunction. Advisors/Committee Members: Tiffany-Castiglioni, Evelyn (advisor), Donnelly, Kirby C. (committee member), Miranda, Rajesh C. (committee member), Welsh, Jane C. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: paraquat; dopaminergic pathogenesis

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Yang, W. (2006). The bipyridyl herbicide paraquat-induced toxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells: relevance to dopaminergic pathogenesis. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4384

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Yang, Wonsuk. “The bipyridyl herbicide paraquat-induced toxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells: relevance to dopaminergic pathogenesis.” 2006. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 01, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4384.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Yang, Wonsuk. “The bipyridyl herbicide paraquat-induced toxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells: relevance to dopaminergic pathogenesis.” 2006. Web. 01 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Yang W. The bipyridyl herbicide paraquat-induced toxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells: relevance to dopaminergic pathogenesis. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2006. [cited 2021 Mar 01]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4384.

Council of Science Editors:

Yang W. The bipyridyl herbicide paraquat-induced toxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells: relevance to dopaminergic pathogenesis. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2006. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4384

Texas A&M University

5. Hong, Priscilla Christine. Utilization of the persistent nature of Brucella in the development of live vaccines.

Degree: PhD, Microbiology, 2006, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4163

► The roles of genes responsible for the survival and persistence of Brucella in the host and the relationship between these genes and the disease were… (more)

▼ The roles of genes responsible for the survival and persistence of Brucella in the host and the relationship between these genes and the disease were investigated via signature-tagged transposon mutagenesis. As much as 8% of the Brucella genome is important for survival of this organism in the host. This is an unusually high number and may help to explain the chronic or persistent nature of Brucella infections. Mutants attenuated in the mouse model were divided into two groups. The early mutants failed to establish infection or colonize the host. The late mutants colonized the host but failed to maintain infection. The vaccine potential of two mutants (virB10 and gcvH) that were unable to sustain infection was compared to that of a vaccine strain, S19. Survival of strain S19 in vivo was up to 12 weeks while virB10 and gcvH mutants were cleared from spleen at 8, and 24 weeks post-inoculation, respectively. Mice were vaccinated with individual mutants and then challenged with virulent S2308 at 8, 16, and 24 weeks postvaccination. As a result, protective immunity correlated with persistence of the mutant strain [gcvH>virB10]. These results suggest that survival is one of several factors that may influence protective immunity making it difficult to compare strains. For example, examination of host immune response revealed a similar pattern of host immune function (TH1 over TH2) in all mice except those vaccinated with virB10 mutant. Since gcvH mutant provided the best immunity, experiments were designed to explore its contribution of persistence to protection. In an effort to reduce non-specific activation induced by prolonged survival of gcvH mutant, protection was monitored after different periods of vaccination exposure followed with doxycycline treatment. In these studies, persistence of gcvH mutant enhanced protection against challenge. Overall, defined mutations in genes affecting survival may render mutants as vaccine candidates capable of stimulating protective immunity equal to or better than fortuitously isolated attenuated strains. Future studies should focus on characterization of these and other genes responsible for the persistence of Brucella to improve the safety and efficacy of live vaccines. Advisors/Committee Members: Ficht, Thomas A., Samuel, James E., Skare, Jon T., (advisor), Samuel, James E. (committee member), Skare, Jon T. (committee member), Welsh, Jane C. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Brucella; Brucella abortus; chronic; persistence; mouse; macrophage

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Hong, P. C. (2006). Utilization of the persistent nature of Brucella in the development of live vaccines. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4163

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hong, Priscilla Christine. “Utilization of the persistent nature of Brucella in the development of live vaccines.” 2006. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 01, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4163.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hong, Priscilla Christine. “Utilization of the persistent nature of Brucella in the development of live vaccines.” 2006. Web. 01 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Hong PC. Utilization of the persistent nature of Brucella in the development of live vaccines. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2006. [cited 2021 Mar 01]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4163.

Council of Science Editors:

Hong PC. Utilization of the persistent nature of Brucella in the development of live vaccines. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2006. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4163

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