You searched for +publisher:"Texas A&M University" +contributor:("Mannan, Sam").
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Texas A&M University
1.
Sadia, Asma.
Experimental Study of the Vaporization Of Cryogenic Liquids on Solid Substrates.
Degree: MS, Chemical Engineering, 2015, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174187 
► Many safety challenges are associated with the production, handling and transportation of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) due to its hazardous properties and nature that is…
(more)
▼ Many safety challenges are associated with the production, handling and transportation of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) due to its hazardous properties and nature that is significantly different than any other hydrocarbons, namely very low temperature. One such challenge includes prediction of the vaporization rate of LNG during the potential loss of containment. The vaporization rate is vital for the assessment of the risk associated with such event and their mitigation. The present work focuses on the contribution of conductive heat flux on the vaporization rate of cryogens. A series of small-scale, laboratory experiments were designed to carry out the spill of cryogenic liquids on solid substrates. The effects of type of cryogenic liquid (pure or binary mixture), type of solid substrate (concrete or steel) and surface roughness on the vaporization rate of the cryogens were studied.
Three boiling regimes, film, transition and nucleate, were observed during the experiments. The effect of surface roughness was observed to be in agreement with that of non-cryogenic liquids. The effect of mixture composition on its boiling rate were in good agreement with the experimental data available for cryogen spill on water.
Obtained experimental data were used to validate couple of predictive mathematical models, namely 1D ideal conduction through semi-infinite solid and film/nucleate boiling regimes model. Both models did not represent experimental data well and they need severe improvement to be able to predict the complete boiling process.
Advisors/Committee Members: Véchot, Luc (advisor), Mannan, Sam (advisor), Masad, Eyad (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: LNG; vaporization; boiling; cryogen
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APA (6th Edition):
Sadia, A. (2015). Experimental Study of the Vaporization Of Cryogenic Liquids on Solid Substrates. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174187
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Sadia, Asma. “Experimental Study of the Vaporization Of Cryogenic Liquids on Solid Substrates.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174187.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Sadia, Asma. “Experimental Study of the Vaporization Of Cryogenic Liquids on Solid Substrates.” 2015. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Sadia A. Experimental Study of the Vaporization Of Cryogenic Liquids on Solid Substrates. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174187.
Council of Science Editors:
Sadia A. Experimental Study of the Vaporization Of Cryogenic Liquids on Solid Substrates. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174187
Texas A&M University
2.
Al Rabbat, Anas.
Stabilizing High Expansion Foam Using Zirconium Phosphate.
Degree: MS, Safety Engineering, 2018, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/173419
► Natural gas has been a fast developing industry for its advantages over other energy sources such as coal. Natural gas is usually stored as Liquefied…
(more)
▼ Natural gas has been a fast developing industry for its advantages over other energy sources such as coal. Natural gas is usually stored as Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG). In the case of a leak of LNG, a potential risk for a fire hazard, a cryogenic vapor cloud, that is at a higher density than air, forms that travels downwind near ground level and could ignite upon contact with an ignition source. As a recommendation from The National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA) as well as the American Gas Association (AGA), high expansion foam is used to diminish the risk due to this vapor cloud by forming a “blanket” over the leaked LNG. This project intends to study the role of Zirconium Phosphate (ZrP) nanoplates in stabilizing high expansion foam. Experiments were performed with and without ZrP nanoplates to investigate nanoplate stabilization effects on foam stability. Experiments were also carried out in the presence of a cryogenic liquid (Liquid Nitrogen) spill along with the ZrP stabilized foam to examine ZrP effectiveness in mitigating the LNG vapor risk. Forced convection and thermal radiation were found to have significant effects on foam breakage. Adding the ZrP greatly enhanced the foams stabilization effect in reducing the foam breakage rate under forced convection and radiation. On the other hand, ZrP nanoplates have also reduced the liquid drainage rate under forced convection and thermal radiation which would, in turn, allow for extended time to transfer heat from the foam to as they make their way upwards through the foam layers; hence, a lower boil-off effect reducing the fire hazard of the leaked LNG.
Advisors/Committee Members: Cheng, Zhengdong (advisor), Mannan, Sam (committee member), Akbulut, Mustafa (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: High expansion foam; zriconium phosphate; stabilization; liquified natural gas
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APA (6th Edition):
Al Rabbat, A. (2018). Stabilizing High Expansion Foam Using Zirconium Phosphate. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/173419
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Al Rabbat, Anas. “Stabilizing High Expansion Foam Using Zirconium Phosphate.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/173419.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Al Rabbat, Anas. “Stabilizing High Expansion Foam Using Zirconium Phosphate.” 2018. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Al Rabbat A. Stabilizing High Expansion Foam Using Zirconium Phosphate. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/173419.
Council of Science Editors:
Al Rabbat A. Stabilizing High Expansion Foam Using Zirconium Phosphate. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/173419
Texas A&M University
3.
Kelekar, Nitish Nikhil.
Investigation of a Cost-Effective Method of Nitrogen Inerting of Multicomponent Hydrocarbon Gas Mixtures in Large Storage Tanks.
Degree: MS, Chemical Engineering, 2018, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174020
► The heavy dependence of the world on oil and gas for daily activities has made it highly vital that we do not lose them to…
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▼ The heavy dependence of the world on oil and gas for daily activities has made it highly vital that we do not lose them to incidents such as fires, spills, etc. In addition to economic losses, these incidents also result in damage to life and property. One of the most common forms of tank fires are those caused due to ignition of hydrocarbons in the vapor space of these tanks. And consequently, lightning has been found to be one of the major sources of ignition. The first choice of protection against such fires is complete purging of the vapor space with an inert gas such as nitrogen.
Preventing ignition of flammable gases requires that we have accurate data of their flammability characteristics. This project focuses on experimentally developing a section of the flammability diagram between the lower and upper flammability limits by spark discharge method in a vertical cylindrical vessel. The system under study is a mixture of methane, ethane and propane. The flammability data developed here helps to determine the exact amount of nitrogen gas required to partially inert the gas mixture, as an alternative to completely purging it with inert gas. The cost-effectiveness of addition of air versus addition of nitrogen over a range of mixture compositions was compared and the more feasible option was identified.
Advisors/Committee Members: Mannan, Sam (advisor), El-Halwagi, Mahmoud (advisor), Banerjee, Debjyoti (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Partial Inerting; Flammability Limits; Hydrocarbon Mixtures
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APA (6th Edition):
Kelekar, N. N. (2018). Investigation of a Cost-Effective Method of Nitrogen Inerting of Multicomponent Hydrocarbon Gas Mixtures in Large Storage Tanks. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174020
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kelekar, Nitish Nikhil. “Investigation of a Cost-Effective Method of Nitrogen Inerting of Multicomponent Hydrocarbon Gas Mixtures in Large Storage Tanks.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174020.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kelekar, Nitish Nikhil. “Investigation of a Cost-Effective Method of Nitrogen Inerting of Multicomponent Hydrocarbon Gas Mixtures in Large Storage Tanks.” 2018. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Kelekar NN. Investigation of a Cost-Effective Method of Nitrogen Inerting of Multicomponent Hydrocarbon Gas Mixtures in Large Storage Tanks. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174020.
Council of Science Editors:
Kelekar NN. Investigation of a Cost-Effective Method of Nitrogen Inerting of Multicomponent Hydrocarbon Gas Mixtures in Large Storage Tanks. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174020
Texas A&M University
4.
Palaniappan, Visalatchi.
Pipeline Risk Assessment Using Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) for Internal Corrosion.
Degree: MS, Safety Engineering, 2018, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174151
► Pipelines are the most efficient mode of transportation for various chemicals and are considered as safe, yet pipeline incidents remain occurring. Corrosion is one of…
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▼ Pipelines are the most efficient mode of transportation for various chemicals and are considered as safe, yet pipeline incidents remain occurring. Corrosion is one of the main reasons for incidents especially in subsea pipelines due to the harsh corrosive environment that prevails. Corrosion can be attributed to 36% amongst all the causes of subsea pipeline failure. Internal corrosion being an incoherent process, one can never forecast exact occurrences inside a pipeline resulting in highly unpredictable risk. Therefore, this paper focuses on risk assessment of internal corrosion in subsea pipelines. Corrosion is time-dependent phenomena, and conventional risk assessment tools have limited capabilities of quantifying risk in terms of time dependency.
Hence, this paper presents a Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) model to assess and manage the risk of internal corrosion in subsea. DBN possesses certain advantages such as representation of temporal dependence between variable, ability to handle missing data, ability to deal with continuous data, time- based risk update, observation of the change of variables with time and better representation of cause and effect relationship. This model aims to find the cause of internal corrosion and predict the consequence in case of pipeline failure given the reliability of safety barrier in place at each time step. It also demonstrates the variation of corrosion promoting agents, corrosion rate and safety barriers with time.
Advisors/Committee Members: Mannan, Sam (advisor), Banerjee, Debjyoti (committee member), Schubert, Jerome (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Dynamic Bayesian Network; risk assessment; subsea pipeline; internal corrosion; probability distribution; probability of failure on demand
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APA (6th Edition):
Palaniappan, V. (2018). Pipeline Risk Assessment Using Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) for Internal Corrosion. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174151
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Palaniappan, Visalatchi. “Pipeline Risk Assessment Using Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) for Internal Corrosion.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174151.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Palaniappan, Visalatchi. “Pipeline Risk Assessment Using Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) for Internal Corrosion.” 2018. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Palaniappan V. Pipeline Risk Assessment Using Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) for Internal Corrosion. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174151.
Council of Science Editors:
Palaniappan V. Pipeline Risk Assessment Using Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) for Internal Corrosion. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174151
Texas A&M University
5.
Basha, Omar 1988-.
Modeling of LNG Pool Spreading and Vaporization.
Degree: MS, Chemical Engineering, 2012, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148176
► In this work, a source term model for estimating the rate of spreading and vaporization of LNG on land and sea is introduced. The model…
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▼ In this work, a source term model for estimating the rate of spreading and vaporization of LNG on land and sea is introduced. The model takes into account the composition changes of the boiling mixture, the varying thermodynamic properties due to preferential boiling within the mixture and the effect of boiling on conductive heat transfer. The heat, mass and momentum balance equations are derived for continuous and instantaneous spills and mixture thermodynamic effects are incorporated. A parameter sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the effect of boiling heat transfer regimes, friction, thermal contact/roughness correction parameter and VLE/mixture thermodynamics on the pool spreading behavior. The aim was to provide a better understanding of these governing phenomena and their relative importance throughout the pool lifetime. The spread model was validated against available experimental data for pool spreading on concrete and sea. The model is solved using Matlab for two continuous and instantaneous spill scenarios and is validated against experimental data on cryogenic pool spreading found in literature.
Advisors/Committee Members: Mannan, Sam (advisor), Véchot, Luc (advisor), Masad, Eyad (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: vaporization.; source term; Process Safety; Liquefied Natural Gas; vapor liquid equilibrium; boiling; mixture thermodynamics; pool spreading; heat transfer; consequence modeling; LNG
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APA (6th Edition):
Basha, O. 1. (2012). Modeling of LNG Pool Spreading and Vaporization. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148176
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Basha, Omar 1988-. “Modeling of LNG Pool Spreading and Vaporization.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148176.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Basha, Omar 1988-. “Modeling of LNG Pool Spreading and Vaporization.” 2012. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Basha O1. Modeling of LNG Pool Spreading and Vaporization. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148176.
Council of Science Editors:
Basha O1. Modeling of LNG Pool Spreading and Vaporization. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148176
Texas A&M University
6.
Arenas Reyes, Jehova.
Human Factors in the Selection of New Technology for the Oil and Gas Industries.
Degree: MS, Safety Engineering, 2015, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156286
► The evolution of organizations comes with changes in two core elements: human factors and technology factors. The introduction of new technology is one of the…
(more)
▼ The evolution of organizations comes with changes in two core elements: human factors and technology factors. The introduction of new technology is one of the most important processes considered to improve the performance of any system, and it contemplates the combination of human and technology elements.
When one talks about the selection of new technology to improve systems, the most important problem is that there is no model or guide to show how to start. A model is needed to explain which elements require more attention and where investment of economic and human resources is needed in order to develop a highly reliable design. In addition, the model may reduce human error, incidents, injuries, and improve productivity.
One of the problems is that there is limited access to reliable sources of information related to human and technology factors in the oil and gas industries. Even when information is available, applications are limited and the relationships between factors are unclear.
If those relationships are established there can be a clear indication of the areas that need to improve. Therefore, in many cases organizations do not implement the best technology in their systems or processes, which will limit their results and potentially introduce new problems. Likewise, many companies use “common sense” and select the state-of-the-art or most expensive technology, but do not consider the most optimal equipment to achieve their goals.
As a solution to this problem a Bayesian Network based New Technology Change (NTC) model has been developed, which semi quantitatively assesses the effect of the combination of Human and Technology Factors on the risk of process safety incidents. This model analyzes the risk by incorporating technology factors into an event tree model. The technology factors were quantified by a survey and the human factors by using statistical data from the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers. We found that the model is useful to identify a clear relationship between human factors and technology factors to quantify the change in frequency of process safety incidents, to evaluate the impact of preventive barriers and actions, and to determine which elements are better investments in order to improve the safety performance of an organization.
In summary, it has developed a methodology for the identification, evaluation, and selection of new technology by focusing on the relationship of the principal technology characteristics and human factors. When this relationship is established, the early process of selection of new technology will be impacted. Thus, it will be easier to identify the factors that can be considered in the selection of new technology, and determine how to evaluate the success or failure of its implementation.
Advisors/Committee Members: Mannan, Sam (advisor), Peres, Camille (committee member), Avnet, Mark (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Human factors; Technology factors; High Potential events; Risk analysis; Bayesian network.
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APA (6th Edition):
Arenas Reyes, J. (2015). Human Factors in the Selection of New Technology for the Oil and Gas Industries. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156286
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Arenas Reyes, Jehova. “Human Factors in the Selection of New Technology for the Oil and Gas Industries.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156286.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Arenas Reyes, Jehova. “Human Factors in the Selection of New Technology for the Oil and Gas Industries.” 2015. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Arenas Reyes J. Human Factors in the Selection of New Technology for the Oil and Gas Industries. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156286.
Council of Science Editors:
Arenas Reyes J. Human Factors in the Selection of New Technology for the Oil and Gas Industries. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156286
Texas A&M University
7.
Narayan, Adithyaram.
Theoretical and Experimental Characterization of Dicyclopentadiene Reactivity.
Degree: MS, Safety Engineering, 2015, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156305
► Reactive chemical hazards have been a significant concern in the chemical process industries. Reactive chemicals have caused many catastrophic disasters in industries that deal with…
(more)
▼ Reactive chemical hazards have been a significant concern in the chemical process industries. Reactive chemicals have caused many catastrophic disasters in industries that deal with the storage, handling or manufacturing chemicals which resulted in loss of lives and property. In a report by U.S Chemical Safety and Accident Investigation Board about 167 incidents from 1980 to 2001 is attributed to reactive chemical hazards. About 35% of the incidents were due to thermal runaway reactions.
One significant reactive compound that has seldom been studied is dicyclopentadiene despite its extensive use. Dicyclopentadiene is an important cyclic olefin, obtained from naphtha or crude feedstock and used industrially for manufacturing specialty polymers, pigments, and as a starting material for high density fuels. Dicyclopentadiene was involved in a catastrophic incident in the Netherlands which resulted in about 3 casualties and huge environmental incidents. This incident was attributed to a thermal runaway which led to explosion of the reactor which destroyed the whole facility.
In this work the thermal stability of dicyclopentadiene system is studied under various conditions using both theoretical and experimental techniques. Theoretically, computational quantum chemistry is used to study the thermodynamics of some of the elementary reaction mechanisms. The reaction energies of various dicyclopentadiene reaction pathways are estimated and the “onset” temperature of a possible runaway is calculated using established correlation. Experimentally, the Reactive Systems Screening Tool (RSST) is used to experimentally study the runaway of dicyclopentadiene. The onset temperature, self-heat rate and the temperature ramps were determined under the presence of different solvent systems and the effect of the systems on the runaway is studied. The energy of the exotherm is calculated from experimental analysis of the RSST, under various conditions.
Advisors/Committee Members: Cheng, Zhengdong (advisor), Mannan, Sam (advisor), Bergbreiter, David (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Process Safety; Dicyclopentadiene; Computational Chemistry; Reactive Systems Screening Tool; Calorimetry
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APA (6th Edition):
Narayan, A. (2015). Theoretical and Experimental Characterization of Dicyclopentadiene Reactivity. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156305
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Narayan, Adithyaram. “Theoretical and Experimental Characterization of Dicyclopentadiene Reactivity.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156305.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Narayan, Adithyaram. “Theoretical and Experimental Characterization of Dicyclopentadiene Reactivity.” 2015. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Narayan A. Theoretical and Experimental Characterization of Dicyclopentadiene Reactivity. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156305.
Council of Science Editors:
Narayan A. Theoretical and Experimental Characterization of Dicyclopentadiene Reactivity. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156305
Texas A&M University
8.
Mejia Mejia, Andres Fernando Fernando.
Discotic Colloids.
Degree: PhD, Chemical Engineering, 2013, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151142
► Many materials and biological systems in nature are suspensions composed of disks, such as clay, asphaltenes, and red blood cells. Despite their natural abundance and…
(more)
▼ Many materials and biological systems in nature are suspensions composed of disks, such as clay, asphaltenes, and red blood cells. Despite their natural abundance and wide industrial application, disks are least studied compared to spheres and rods, due to the lack of model systems. In our research, disks at micro-scale were mass-produced with unprecedented uniformity in size and shape, and unique flexibility in the control of lateral size, lateral size polydispersity, shape, and aspect ratio (ξ = diameter/thickness). This dissertation focuses on two main areas: the study of the discotic colloidal liquid crystal phase transitions and the application of disk-like colloidal systems as Pickering emulsion and Pickering foam stabilizers.
First, we engineered two discotic colloidal systems made from organic and inorganic materials. The former is made of α-eicosene, which is an alkene of 20 carbons. The latter is composed of nano-sheets from exfoliated zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP). Both discotic systems were used to experimentally investigate the liquid crystalline phase transitions (Isotropic-Nematic, Isotropic-Cubic and Isotropic-Columnar). Also, the nematic crystalline phase was studied in detail by embedding it in a translucent and thermo-sensitive hydrogel. This was possible since nematic textures could be formed instantly by ZrP nano-sheets due to their high diameter-thickness ratio.
Second, we developed Pickering emulsions and Pickering foams stabilized by high-aspect-ratio nano-sheets. We have also demonstrated for the first time the fabrication of the thinnest amphiphilic Janus and Gemini nano-sheets, which are either surface- or edge-modified plates with a thickness at atomic scale. These nano-sheets were obtained by exfoliating α-ZrP crystals grafted with a coupling agent of hydrophobic molecules on their edges and outer surfaces. Extending this work, we studied crucial fundamental mechanisms that allow Pickering interfacial stabilization, including the effect on the adsorption properties of particle aspect ratio, concentration, and hydrophobicity. Our study is of great interest in the scientific community due to the difficulty in generating a discotic colloidal system of controllable parameters.
Advisors/Committee Members: Cheng, Zhengdong (advisor), Mannan, Sam (advisor), Ugaz, Victor (committee member), Clearfield, Abraham (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Anisotropic particles; Liquid crystals; Pickering stabilization
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APA (6th Edition):
Mejia Mejia, A. F. F. (2013). Discotic Colloids. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151142
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Mejia Mejia, Andres Fernando Fernando. “Discotic Colloids.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151142.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Mejia Mejia, Andres Fernando Fernando. “Discotic Colloids.” 2013. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Mejia Mejia AFF. Discotic Colloids. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151142.
Council of Science Editors:
Mejia Mejia AFF. Discotic Colloids. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151142
Texas A&M University
9.
Castellanos Duarte, Diana Yazmin.
The Influence of Particle Size and Crystalline Level on the Combustion Characteristics of Particulated Solids.
Degree: PhD, Materials Science and Engineering, 2013, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151190
► Over the past years, catastrophic dust explosion incidents have caused numerous injuries, fatalities and economical losses. Dust explosions are rapid exothermic reactions that take place…
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▼ Over the past years, catastrophic dust explosion incidents have caused numerous injuries, fatalities and economical losses. Dust explosions are rapid exothermic reactions that take place when a combustible dust is mixed with air in the presence of an ignition source within a confined space. A variety of strategies are currently available to prevent dust explosion accidents. However, the recurrence of these tragic events confirms flaws in process safety for dust handling industries. This dissertation reports advances in different approaches that can be followed to prevent and mitigate dust explosions. For this research, a 36 L dust explosion vessel was designed, assembled and automated to perform controlled dust explosion experiments.
First, we explored the effect of size polydispersity on the evolution of aluminum dust explosions. By modifying systematically the span of the particle size distribution we demonstrated the dramatic effect of polydispersity on the initiation and propagation of aluminum dust explosions. A semi-empirical combustion model was used to quantify the laminar burning velocity at varying particle size. Moreover, correlations between ignition sensitivity and rate of pressure rise with polydispersity were developed. Second, we analyzed the effect of particle size and crystalline levels in the decomposition reactions of explosion inhibitor agents (i.e., phosphates). We fractionated ammonium phosphate- monobasic (NH_4H_2PO_4) and dibasic ((NH_4)_2HPO_4) at different size ranges, and synthesized zirconium phosphate (Zr(HPO_4)_2·H_2O) at varying size and crystalline levels. Particle size was found to be crucial to improve the rate of heat absorption of each inhibitor. A simplified model was developed to identify factors dominating the efficiency of dust explosion inhibitors. Finally, we conducted computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations to predict overpressures in dust explosions vented through ducts in large scale scenarios. We particularly focused on the adverse effects caused by flow restrictions in vent ducts. Critical parameters, including ignition position, geometric configuration of the vent duct, and obstructions of outflow such as bends and panels were investigated. Comparison between simulation and experimental results elucidated potential improvements in available guidelines.
The theoretical analyses complemented the experimental work to provide a better understanding of the effects of particle size on the evolution of dust explosions. Furthermore, the validation of advanced simulation tools is considered crucial to overcome current limitations in predicting dust explosions in large scale scenarios.
Advisors/Committee Members: Mannan, Sam (advisor), Cheng, Zhengdong (committee member), Radovic, Miladin (committee member), Petersen, Eric L. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Dust Explosion; Aluminum dust; Polydispersity; Venting; DESC; Inerting; Suppression
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APA (6th Edition):
Castellanos Duarte, D. Y. (2013). The Influence of Particle Size and Crystalline Level on the Combustion Characteristics of Particulated Solids. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151190
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Castellanos Duarte, Diana Yazmin. “The Influence of Particle Size and Crystalline Level on the Combustion Characteristics of Particulated Solids.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151190.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Castellanos Duarte, Diana Yazmin. “The Influence of Particle Size and Crystalline Level on the Combustion Characteristics of Particulated Solids.” 2013. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Castellanos Duarte DY. The Influence of Particle Size and Crystalline Level on the Combustion Characteristics of Particulated Solids. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151190.
Council of Science Editors:
Castellanos Duarte DY. The Influence of Particle Size and Crystalline Level on the Combustion Characteristics of Particulated Solids. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151190
Texas A&M University
10.
Agarwal, Ashwin.
A Design Approach for On-Purpose Propylene Production with Safety and Sustainability Considerations.
Degree: MS, Chemical Engineering, 2018, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/173978
► The advent of Shale Gas and the increasing spread between the supply and demand curves for propylene present an opportunity for adopting alternative pathways to…
(more)
▼ The advent of Shale Gas and the increasing spread between the supply and demand curves for propylene present an opportunity for adopting alternative pathways to produce propylene. This study aims to investigate a sustainable process design approach to on-purpose propylene production. An FEL-1 level analysis was performed on the various technologies used to produce on-purpose propylene and it was determined that propane dehydrogenation (PDH) was the most profitable route. A hierarchical approach to sustainable process design is proposed and implemented in a case study with propane dehydrogenation (PDH) as the process under consideration. A base case design was developed and avenues for reduction in overall energy and water consumption, as well as reduction in carbon and VOC emissions, were analyzed. Process integration and intensification techniques were applied to reduce dependence on external utilities and to lower the overall capital investment. Waste heat recovery and off gas recycle were additional options used to intensify the overall energy consumption of the process. Emissions from the process were calculated from the EPA’s guidelines. Economic and environmental metrics models were then developed to study the impact of the integration and intensification techniques. Up to 70% reductions in CO2 emissions were achieved as a result of this approach to sustainable design. The Sustainability Weighted Return on Investment (SWROI) metric was evaluated for all cases. In addition, an inherent safety analysis was performed of the flowsheets developed and the PRI and PSI indices were estimated to identify potentially high-risk streams. Multi-objective decision making for the optimum design was facilitated by the sustainability and safety metrics augmented with the traditional economic criteria.
Advisors/Committee Members: El-Halwagi, Mahmoud (advisor), Mannan, Sam M (advisor), Hilaly, Ahmad (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Propane Dehydrogenation; On-Purpose Propylene; SWROI; SASWROI; Process Integration; Process Intensification; PRI; PSI
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APA (6th Edition):
Agarwal, A. (2018). A Design Approach for On-Purpose Propylene Production with Safety and Sustainability Considerations. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/173978
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Agarwal, Ashwin. “A Design Approach for On-Purpose Propylene Production with Safety and Sustainability Considerations.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/173978.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Agarwal, Ashwin. “A Design Approach for On-Purpose Propylene Production with Safety and Sustainability Considerations.” 2018. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Agarwal A. A Design Approach for On-Purpose Propylene Production with Safety and Sustainability Considerations. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/173978.
Council of Science Editors:
Agarwal A. A Design Approach for On-Purpose Propylene Production with Safety and Sustainability Considerations. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/173978
Texas A&M University
11.
Park, Younggil.
Risk Analysis Including Organizational Aspects In Process Industries.
Degree: MS, Safety Engineering, 2015, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174193
► The lack of management of organizational change has been found to be a contributing factor in a number of accidents. Proper management of organizational change…
(more)
▼ The lack of management of organizational change has been found to be a contributing factor in a number of accidents. Proper management of organizational change considering the possible process safety incidents is essential to solve this problem. The key to successfully managing organizational change is to effectively assess the associated risks.
In this research an Organizational Change Risk (OCR) model is developed for the purpose of a quantitative risk assessment that includes organizational change aspects. This model quantitatively assesses the effect of various organizational changes on the risk of process safety incidents and shows how and how much organizational change influences the risk. The OCR model starts from identifying the major incident scenario and developed Bow-Tie (BT) diagram which illustrate a scenario from causes to effects. Then Organizational Change Factors (OCFs), which show the status of change in an organization in comparison to its previous condition and determined by survey and indicator metric, are incorporated into the Bow-tie. Finally, the Bayesian Network (BN) model is applied for the sake of dynamic analysis to calculate the frequency of the incidents and consequences.
In order to demonstrate the applicability, the model is tested using a hypothetical case of a company that made organizational change by divesting one of their plants to another company. The results of the case study show that the model is useful in identifying the organizational factors that predominantly affect the risk, quantifying the change of frequency of process safety incidents due to organizational change, evaluating the impact on the safety barriers that mitigate and prevent incidents, and determining how much organizational factors have to be improved to decrease process safety incidents.
Advisors/Committee Members: Mannan, Sam (advisor), El-Halwagi, Mahmoud (committee member), Wortman, Martin (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Risk Analysis; Organizational Change; Bow-tie; Bayesian Network
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APA (6th Edition):
Park, Y. (2015). Risk Analysis Including Organizational Aspects In Process Industries. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174193
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Park, Younggil. “Risk Analysis Including Organizational Aspects In Process Industries.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174193.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Park, Younggil. “Risk Analysis Including Organizational Aspects In Process Industries.” 2015. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Park Y. Risk Analysis Including Organizational Aspects In Process Industries. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174193.
Council of Science Editors:
Park Y. Risk Analysis Including Organizational Aspects In Process Industries. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174193
Texas A&M University
12.
Zhang, Lecheng.
LNG Suppression Foam Stabilized By Zirconium Phosphate Nanoplatelets.
Degree: MS, Safety Engineering, 2015, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/186997
► In this work, a zirconium phosphate based universal foam stabilizer was developed to stabilize and improve performance of firefighting foam and high expansion liquid natural…
(more)
▼ In this work, a zirconium phosphate based universal foam stabilizer was developed to stabilize and improve performance of firefighting foam and high expansion liquid natural gas (LNG) suppression foam. With the world’s increasing demand for natural gas, a large quantity of natural gas is transported in liquid natural gas form. The safety issues related to LNG are of critical concern in LNG process safety. High expansion LNG suppression foam was developed to mitigate accidental LNG spillage. Particle stabilized Pickering emulsion, which mainly the mixture of oil and water, was studied in detail for application in the chemical and oil industries. The advantage of the particle surfactant compared to the conventional surfactant is well understood. A particle stabilized gas-liquid mixture, Pickering foam, is still an emerging topic in soft matter. Pickering foam is studied in this work. Different foam formulas were mixed with propylamine exfoliated ZrP nanoplatelets. Foam stabilities were tested under different conditions, including high salinity and extreme temperatures. We found reduced drainage rate and extra surface stability induced by platelets were two factors which contributed to the excellent stability of our Pickering foam. LN2 was used to simulate the evaporation process of LNG suppressed by different foam formulas. Experimental results proved LN2 evaporation rate in the ZrP-PA added foam was modestly lower than conventional foam.
Advisors/Committee Members: Cheng, Zhengdong (advisor), Zhu, Ding (committee member), Mannan, Sam M (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: High Expansion Foam; Zirconium Phosphate; LNG
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APA (6th Edition):
Zhang, L. (2015). LNG Suppression Foam Stabilized By Zirconium Phosphate Nanoplatelets. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/186997
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Zhang, Lecheng. “LNG Suppression Foam Stabilized By Zirconium Phosphate Nanoplatelets.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/186997.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Zhang, Lecheng. “LNG Suppression Foam Stabilized By Zirconium Phosphate Nanoplatelets.” 2015. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Zhang L. LNG Suppression Foam Stabilized By Zirconium Phosphate Nanoplatelets. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/186997.
Council of Science Editors:
Zhang L. LNG Suppression Foam Stabilized By Zirconium Phosphate Nanoplatelets. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/186997
Texas A&M University
13.
Al-Mohannadi, Dhabia Mohammed S A.
Systematic Methods for the Design of Industrial Clusters with Capped Carbon Emissions.
Degree: PhD, Chemical Engineering, 2018, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174080
► Hydrocarbon resource centric economies, such as Qatar, are highly vulnerable to the impact of climate policy. Climate policies could decrease demand of hydrocarbon, lowering prices…
(more)
▼ Hydrocarbon resource centric economies, such as Qatar, are highly vulnerable to the impact of climate policy. Climate policies could decrease demand of hydrocarbon, lowering prices and would force countries to adopt mitigation technologies. Thus, having a climate strategy is important to meet future constraints. This work develops approaches to enable policy makers to systematically explore alternative emissions reduction paths in an integrated framework. The methods introduced explore the element of time, resources management, Carbon Capture Utilization and Sequestration (CCUS) and energy integration including Renewable Energy (RE) use. The industrial city or cluster is taken as a system and modelled through balances and constraints, which were optimized applying deterministic solvers. Two approaches were developed. The first is a multi-period carbon planning approach that enables the assessment of different carbon dioxide reduction options, which may be applied to guiding transitions to a future target emission. Second is a systematic approach that enables the identification of economically optimal natural gas allocation in different conversion technologies under carbon emission targets with energy synergy. The multi-period planning approach identified allocation of carbon dioxide between sources and potential sinks in each period, compared cost elements simultaneously and resulted in a low cost network across all periods. Furthermore, the role of RE was investigated through a robust MILP. The results highlighted significant differences in economic impact of alternative footprint reduction policies. The systematic natural gas monetization approach simultaneously determined natural gas monetization and carbon dioxide management through CCUS as well as RE strategies. The method considered heat and power integration, enabling the assessment of the Natural gas (CH₄), CO₂ and Energy nexus. Several case studies were solved that indicated benefits of having optimized policies that screen all mitigation options given economic and environmental objectives out preformed adopted prescribed policies found around the globe.
Advisors/Committee Members: Linke, Patrick (advisor), El-Halwagi, Mahmoud (advisor), Pistikopoulos, Efstratios (committee member), Mannan, Sam (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Natural gas monetization; Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage; Sustainable Design; Industrial Parks; Optimization
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APA (6th Edition):
Al-Mohannadi, D. M. S. A. (2018). Systematic Methods for the Design of Industrial Clusters with Capped Carbon Emissions. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174080
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Al-Mohannadi, Dhabia Mohammed S A. “Systematic Methods for the Design of Industrial Clusters with Capped Carbon Emissions.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174080.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Al-Mohannadi, Dhabia Mohammed S A. “Systematic Methods for the Design of Industrial Clusters with Capped Carbon Emissions.” 2018. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Al-Mohannadi DMSA. Systematic Methods for the Design of Industrial Clusters with Capped Carbon Emissions. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174080.
Council of Science Editors:
Al-Mohannadi DMSA. Systematic Methods for the Design of Industrial Clusters with Capped Carbon Emissions. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174080
Texas A&M University
14.
Lamus Gualdron, Guido Alexander.
Comparative Analysis Between LNG Import and Export Terminals.
Degree: MS, Safety Engineering, 2016, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/157136
► According to the US Energy Information Administration (EIA), the natural gas consumption in the US was 1,726 billion cubic feet in January 2013, and the…
(more)
▼ According to the US Energy Information Administration (EIA), the natural gas consumption in the US was 1,726 billion cubic feet in January 2013, and the demand has been increasing rapidly around the world as natural gas becomes the fuel of choice for electric power providers. In order to supply this demand, the US economic interest was focused on the Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) import terminals installation. However, since 2009, due to dramatic changes in gas production and economy the US has become a net exporter of natural gas.
The interest for minimizing the negative consequences associated with LNG terminals has emerged by focusing on the potential damages that may be generated by the flammable and cryogenic characteristics of LNG such as vapor cloud, flash fires, and pool fires.
LNG research and regulation have been successfully applied for providing safer conditions at the LNG import terminals. However, the integration of export terminals into the existing LNG network requires a thorough revision of the new challenges imposed by the specific conditions related to the liquefaction facilities. It is intended to determine the exclusion zones for these two particular scenarios through the utilization of PHAST in order to estimate the areas where people, property, or the environment would be more severely affected. A revision about the parameters proposed by the normativity for the estimation of the exclusion zones, in contrast to the particular conditions that might affect the plants located on coastal areas is performed.
Additionally, this project seeks to integrate the predicted consequences into real world scenarios by including the implementation of a Geographic Information System (GIS). The georeferenced data will to identify the potential vulnerable areas located near to the LNG facilities.
The main goal intended in this project by the combination of these two computational tools (PHAST model and GIS) is to reduce the gap between the consequence estimation of LNG catastrophic events and the incorporation of these results in a real world environment.
Advisors/Committee Members: Mannan, Sam (advisor), El-Halwagu, Mahmoud (committee member), Damjanovic, Ivan (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: LNG; safety; terminals
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APA (6th Edition):
Lamus Gualdron, G. A. (2016). Comparative Analysis Between LNG Import and Export Terminals. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/157136
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Lamus Gualdron, Guido Alexander. “Comparative Analysis Between LNG Import and Export Terminals.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/157136.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Lamus Gualdron, Guido Alexander. “Comparative Analysis Between LNG Import and Export Terminals.” 2016. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Lamus Gualdron GA. Comparative Analysis Between LNG Import and Export Terminals. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/157136.
Council of Science Editors:
Lamus Gualdron GA. Comparative Analysis Between LNG Import and Export Terminals. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/157136
Texas A&M University
15.
Chen, Shiqi.
Comparison of Batch versus Continuous Process in Pharmaceutical Industry Based on Safety Consideration.
Degree: MS, Chemical Engineering, 2017, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/161373
► As opposed to the petro-chemical and bulk chemical industry, where continuous processes are widely applied, the pharmaceutical industry still primarily relies on traditional batch process…
(more)
▼ As opposed to the petro-chemical and bulk chemical industry, where continuous processes are widely applied, the pharmaceutical industry still primarily relies on traditional batch process due to the complexity of product, multi-step operation and low-volume production. Considering these conditions, the versatile batch process is more appropriate.
Nowadays, driven by the contradiction between increasing demand for drugs and inefficient batch production mode, there is a trend in pharmaceutical industry, that is the transformation from traditional batch process to novel continuous process. Related projects and research that is aimed at analyzing this transition are conducted in worldwide, and the scale of these studies ranges from lab-scale reactions to overall arrangement of the factories.
Although continuous pharmaceutical process is thriving, the safety issue in this field is not promoted at the same time. Since the continuous pharmaceutical process is a novel technology, little information can be provided to evaluate its safety level. Moreover, process conditions are usually intensified for continuous process comparing to batch process. It also may bring potential risks and make continuous manufacturing inappropriate for some of pharmaceutical productions.
This research provides a comprehensive comparison for batch versus continuous pharmaceutical process by application of Dow’s Fire and Explosion Index. In addition to this conventional safety evaluation, influences from production efficiency and specialties in pharmaceutical production are integrated into the comparison. Production of 2-methyl benzimidazole and peracetic acid via batch and continuous processes are conducted in this research. In these integrative and systematic studies, F&EI values for both cases are higher for continuous processes than batch processes, hence the higher safety level of the continuous process is demonstrated. The ways in which process conditions, production efficiency, and other requirements influence safety level for different production modes are illustrated.
Advisors/Committee Members: Mannan, Sam M (advisor), El-Halwagi, Mahmoud M (committee member), Morrison, Gerald L (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Continuous Process; Hazard Identification
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APA (6th Edition):
Chen, S. (2017). Comparison of Batch versus Continuous Process in Pharmaceutical Industry Based on Safety Consideration. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/161373
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Chen, Shiqi. “Comparison of Batch versus Continuous Process in Pharmaceutical Industry Based on Safety Consideration.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/161373.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Chen, Shiqi. “Comparison of Batch versus Continuous Process in Pharmaceutical Industry Based on Safety Consideration.” 2017. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Chen S. Comparison of Batch versus Continuous Process in Pharmaceutical Industry Based on Safety Consideration. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/161373.
Council of Science Editors:
Chen S. Comparison of Batch versus Continuous Process in Pharmaceutical Industry Based on Safety Consideration. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/161373
Texas A&M University
16.
Ade, Nilesh.
Studying the Relationship between Inherently Safer Design and Equipment Reliability.
Degree: MS, Chemical Engineering, 2017, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/161389
► During the last decade, inherent safety has emerged as an area of interest in both academic and industrial research. Various regulatory bodies (including US environment…
(more)
▼ During the last decade, inherent safety has emerged as an area of interest in both academic and industrial research. Various regulatory bodies (including US environment protection agency) have enforced the consideration of inherently safer design alternatives. This enforcement, however, may not serve the purpose of reducing the frequency of process incidents due to the drawbacks such as risk migration associated with inherent design philosophy.
This study focuses on analyzing the relationship between inherent safety and reliability as chemical project proceeds from initial to later stages of design. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the possibility of risk escalation caused due to lowering of system reliability during implementation of inherent safety principles applied with an objective to lower the consequence element of risk. This lowering of system reliability can increase the likelihood of a process incident, thus resulting in an increased risk, ultimately defeating the purpose of applying the inherent design philosophy.
The developed methodology involves quantifying inherent safety based on the design stage under consideration using a quantification technique that utilizes process data available during that stage of design. This is followed by determining reliability and availability of the system using reliability databases or static reliability modeling for various design alternatives considered during that design stage. Lastly, the trend observed between quantified inherent safety and reliability/availability is used to determine the required relationship.
The application of the developed methodology to process selection stage, conceptual stage, and detailed engineering stage reveals that the relationship between inherent safety and reliability (and availability) is complicated and varies as per the design stage under consideration. Thus, an important conclusion that can be drawn from this research is that an inherently safer design may not be associated with higher system reliability and lower risk.
Lastly, the developed methodology is validated for the case study of T2 Laboratories explosion and fire. An important observation from these case studies is the ineffectiveness of quantified inherent safety in terms of Dow F&EI to capture the severity of situation revealed by detailed reliability analysis.
Advisors/Committee Members: Mannan, Sam (advisor), Wortman, Martin (committee member), El-Halwagi, Mahmoud (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: inherent safety; reliability; process design; maintenance
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APA (6th Edition):
Ade, N. (2017). Studying the Relationship between Inherently Safer Design and Equipment Reliability. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/161389
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ade, Nilesh. “Studying the Relationship between Inherently Safer Design and Equipment Reliability.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/161389.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ade, Nilesh. “Studying the Relationship between Inherently Safer Design and Equipment Reliability.” 2017. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Ade N. Studying the Relationship between Inherently Safer Design and Equipment Reliability. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/161389.
Council of Science Editors:
Ade N. Studying the Relationship between Inherently Safer Design and Equipment Reliability. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/161389
Texas A&M University
17.
Choi, Jinyoung.
Multi-Objective Analysis of a Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) Process from Economic, Safety, and Environmental Perspectives.
Degree: MS, Safety Engineering, 2017, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/165806
► One of the most important challenges facing chemical engineers today is developing more efficient processes that reduce the discharge of greenhouse gasses (GHG) and the…
(more)
▼ One of the most important challenges facing chemical engineers today is developing more efficient processes that reduce the discharge of greenhouse gasses (GHG) and the usage of material and energy resources. Furthermore, industrial manufacturers are making major efforts to incorporate inherently safer design concepts when developing or retrofitting processes. With the recent discoveries of shale gas, there is a growing interest in monetization pathways that convert gas to chemicals and fuels. The Fisher-Tropsch gas-to-Liquid (GTL) process is regarded as a promising alternative to producing liquid transportation fuels. A typical GTL plant requires substantial mass, energy, and financial resources. The syngas production section, in particular, accounts for approximately 50-75% of the total capital costs and about 60-70% of the total energy requirements. Also, the GTL plants have several trains for the syngas production section to accommodate large-scale capacities. Focus on this work is to investigate possible improvements to the GTL process in two areas: 1) tailgas recycling and 2) lower steam-to-carbon (S/C) ratio for autothermal reforming (ATR). The results from these cases are analyzed in terms of cost, inherent safety, and environmental sustainability. Ultimately, the aim of this research is to support the decision makers in understanding the multi-objective insights and in using these insights to make better decisions in design and operation.
This study provides a comparative approach for four different operating cases from various perspectives: economics, inherent safety, and environmental sustainability. In the inherent safety analysis, a fire and explosion hazard analysis are used to choose the least hazardous material for a fuel. The release rate is estimated at the failure case in order to evaluate the degree of containment loss. For the environmental sustainability, the carbon efficiency of the overall process and CO2 emissions are evaluated. The operating conditions and results are validated against pilot test results from industry in order to verify the degree of carbon deposition during operation. The results are used to establish tradeoffs among the various objectives.
Advisors/Committee Members: Halwagi, Mahmoud El (advisor), Mannan, Sam (committee member), Eljack, Fadwa (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: GTL Process; Economic; Safety; Environment
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APA (6th Edition):
Choi, J. (2017). Multi-Objective Analysis of a Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) Process from Economic, Safety, and Environmental Perspectives. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/165806
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Choi, Jinyoung. “Multi-Objective Analysis of a Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) Process from Economic, Safety, and Environmental Perspectives.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/165806.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Choi, Jinyoung. “Multi-Objective Analysis of a Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) Process from Economic, Safety, and Environmental Perspectives.” 2017. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Choi J. Multi-Objective Analysis of a Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) Process from Economic, Safety, and Environmental Perspectives. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/165806.
Council of Science Editors:
Choi J. Multi-Objective Analysis of a Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) Process from Economic, Safety, and Environmental Perspectives. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/165806
Texas A&M University
18.
Lin, Yan-Ru.
Droplet Analysis and Flame Propagation Study for Paraffin Aerosols Generated by Improved Electrospray Device.
Degree: PhD, Chemical Engineering, 2017, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/161348
► Throughout the process industries, there have been numerous fire and explosion incidents related to aerosols. Aerosols may form from rapid condensation of vapor or accidental…
(more)
▼ Throughout the process industries, there have been numerous fire and explosion incidents related to aerosols. Aerosols may form from rapid condensation of vapor or accidental leakage of pressurized liquid. However, their hazards are relatively unfocused and the data pertinent to aerosols are scarce compared to vapor and dust. In this research, the electrospray system used to generate aerosol was improved, and the major controlling parameters which affect aerosol quality were studied. Finally, the flame speed of aerosol was researched based on the improvement and findings of stable operation parameters.
The main objective of this study was to advance the understanding of aerosol flame propagation behavior, which provides insight regarding reaction kinetics and pressure rise per unit time. This was made possible by modifying a previous electrospray device. The electrospray was improved by redesigning the whole system. The nozzle packing density was increased by five times, and the electrical force on each nozzle was more uniform. The concentration of aerosol was further promoted by applying a flat grounded mesh and a cylindrical grounded mesh.
The operating parameters of electrospray were also discussed, including additive, liquid flow rate and applied voltage. Amongst the four types of additives tested, Stadis 450 was the most effective one to facilitate the breakup of droplets. The amount of additive also affected the droplet size distribution. Therefore, the type and amount of additive should be selected carefully to reach the balance of small droplet size and uniform size distribution. This also applied to the liquid flow rate and voltage, and a stable operating region was proposed based on the liquid flow rate and voltage. Electrospray should be operated in this region to conduct consistent studies.
Enhanced aerosol flame speed was observed in a certain “transition droplet size range.” A theoretical calculation was provided to describe the aerosol flame propagation. Although it failed to predict the location of transition range, the estimation of flame speed was improved. An empirical analysis was also proposed to correlate the relationship between the aerosol flame speed, droplet size and liquid properties. The fitting to the experimental results was fairly successful, which indicates the proposed relationship can be considered to further improve the theoretical models.
Advisors/Committee Members: Mannan, Sam (advisor), Cheng, Zhengdong (committee member), Holste, James (committee member), Petersen, Eric (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: aerosol; flame speed
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APA (6th Edition):
Lin, Y. (2017). Droplet Analysis and Flame Propagation Study for Paraffin Aerosols Generated by Improved Electrospray Device. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/161348
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Lin, Yan-Ru. “Droplet Analysis and Flame Propagation Study for Paraffin Aerosols Generated by Improved Electrospray Device.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/161348.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Lin, Yan-Ru. “Droplet Analysis and Flame Propagation Study for Paraffin Aerosols Generated by Improved Electrospray Device.” 2017. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Lin Y. Droplet Analysis and Flame Propagation Study for Paraffin Aerosols Generated by Improved Electrospray Device. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/161348.
Council of Science Editors:
Lin Y. Droplet Analysis and Flame Propagation Study for Paraffin Aerosols Generated by Improved Electrospray Device. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/161348
Texas A&M University
19.
Ozinan, Ecem.
Safety and Techno-Economic Analysis of Shale Gas to Butadiene Process.
Degree: MS, Safety Engineering, 2017, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/173145
► The recent discoveries of substantial reserves of shale gas have significantly impacted butadiene production and prices. Shale gas offers a competitive feedstock that can be…
(more)
▼ The recent discoveries of substantial reserves of shale gas have significantly impacted butadiene production and prices. Shale gas offers a competitive feedstock that can be used to produce a variety of chemicals and petrochemicals, including butadiene.
The scope of this thesis is to examine the financial and technical viability of converting shale gas to butadiene and design a cost-effective, safe and environmentally friendly process. Traditional and innovative butadiene production routes were investigated and a base case was created for producing butadiene from shale gas via ethylene as an intermediate.
Computer-aided process simulation (Aspen Plus) was used to design the process and to obtain the data necessary for economic evaluation and safety analysis. Two design scenarios were considered and compared in terms of profitability and safety risk level. Hazard Identification and Ranking (HIRA) system was selected to compare risk levels of each scenario since it gives quantitative results for each unit. Additionally, with the help of sensitivity analysis, the impact of price volatility of butadiene on the process profitability was evaluated.
The results of this study show that there is a trade-off between profitability and risk level. Therefore, none of the scenarios are superior to others in terms of both economic and safety considerations.
Advisors/Committee Members: El-Halwagi, Mahmoud (advisor), Mannan, Sam (advisor), El-Jack, Fadwa (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Shale gas; natural gas; butadiene, upgrading; monetization; process; design; integration; simulation; economics
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APA (6th Edition):
Ozinan, E. (2017). Safety and Techno-Economic Analysis of Shale Gas to Butadiene Process. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/173145
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ozinan, Ecem. “Safety and Techno-Economic Analysis of Shale Gas to Butadiene Process.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/173145.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ozinan, Ecem. “Safety and Techno-Economic Analysis of Shale Gas to Butadiene Process.” 2017. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Ozinan E. Safety and Techno-Economic Analysis of Shale Gas to Butadiene Process. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/173145.
Council of Science Editors:
Ozinan E. Safety and Techno-Economic Analysis of Shale Gas to Butadiene Process. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/173145
Texas A&M University
20.
Rosas Martinez, Camilo Andres.
Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition (DDT) Studies: Effect of Non-Uniform Obstacle Distribution on DDT.
Degree: PhD, Materials Science and Engineering, 2016, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156943
► Most of the previous work has been guided towards the understanding of this phenomenon under a uniform obstacle distribution, i.e., same obstacle shape, blockage ratio,…
(more)
▼ Most of the previous work has been guided towards the understanding of this phenomenon under a uniform obstacle distribution, i.e., same obstacle shape, blockage ratio, and gap between obstacles. However, industrial facilities lack this uniform obstruction arrangement. This research aimed to gain a better understanding of which non-uniform obstacle distribution enhances or weakens the flame acceleration. For this research, a 2.77
m long detonation tube with an internal diameter of 0.04
m was utilized. For the purpose of this investigation, a rig characterization was first performed to determine if a series of explosions under the same conditions was repeatable; the obtained responses showed similar behavior. Then, a Taguchi design of experiments was used. In this matrix, the parameters that were modified were: fuel type, obstacle shape, blockage ratio, and obstacle distribution. In general, each experiment consisted of nine obstacles inserted into the first meter of the detonation tube. The obstruction in each experiment had the same shape, but different blockage ratio and spacing between the obstacles. It was found that block-shaped obstacles with a decreasing blockage ratio and a “staggered” obstacle distribution had the highest tendency to promote the flame acceleration and, consequently, minimize the run-up distance to obtain a detonation. In contrast, experiments that had ring-shaped obstacles with an increasing blockage ratio and a “variation” obstacle distribution have an adverse effect on the flame acceleration and, consequently, maximize the distance at which DDT is observed.
Finally, the responses obtained from a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model were compared against data available in the literature and the experimental data obtained in this research. Even though this CFD model does not predict precisely the onset of DDT, it estimates the likelihood for having the onset of a detonation. In general, the CFD code predicts that the scenario that promotes a faster flame acceleration uses block-shaped obstacles with an equal blockage ratio and a “staggered” obstacle distribution. While the scenario that slows down the flame acceleration is given by ring-shaped obstacles with an increasing blockage ratio and a “variation” obstacle distribution. These trends agree with those from the experiment.
Advisors/Committee Members: Mannan, Sam (advisor), Petersen, Eric L (advisor), Jeong, Hae-Kwon (committee member), Cheng, Zhengdong (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition (DDT); run-up distance; pressure; velocity; CJ conditions
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APA (6th Edition):
Rosas Martinez, C. A. (2016). Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition (DDT) Studies: Effect of Non-Uniform Obstacle Distribution on DDT. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156943
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Rosas Martinez, Camilo Andres. “Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition (DDT) Studies: Effect of Non-Uniform Obstacle Distribution on DDT.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156943.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Rosas Martinez, Camilo Andres. “Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition (DDT) Studies: Effect of Non-Uniform Obstacle Distribution on DDT.” 2016. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Rosas Martinez CA. Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition (DDT) Studies: Effect of Non-Uniform Obstacle Distribution on DDT. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156943.
Council of Science Editors:
Rosas Martinez CA. Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition (DDT) Studies: Effect of Non-Uniform Obstacle Distribution on DDT. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156943
Texas A&M University
21.
Gopalaswami, Nirupama.
Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics for Liquefied Natural Gas Pool Spreading and Vaporization on Water.
Degree: PhD, Chemical Engineering, 2016, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156950
► Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is a cryogenic liquid consisting predominantly of methane compressed to 1/600th of its gaseous volume for transportation. A release of LNG…
(more)
▼ Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is a cryogenic liquid consisting predominantly of methane compressed to 1/600th of its gaseous volume for transportation. A release of LNG on water during marine operations can occur due to several factors. Upon release, a spreading liquid can form a pool with rapid vaporization, leading to the formation of a flammable vapor cloud. Safety analyses for the protection of the public and property involve the determination of consequences of such releases. The evaluation of consequences resulting from a spill of LNG on water involves the determination of the rate (vaporization rate/source-term) at which flammable hydrocarbon vapor is produced and the dynamics of the spreading pool. Two key parameters which affect pool spreading and vaporization, namely the heat flux to the LNG pool and the turbulence present within the cryogenic pool, are quantified separately through experiments. The heat flux from two different substrates comprised of water and ice is studied. The vaporization mass flux is directly influenced by the water temperature and the release rate. Similarly, the vaporization mass flux is directly influenced by the ice temperature when cryogenic liquid is released on ice. The experiment for quantification of turbulence present in cryogenic pool was performed using a high-speed camera. Flow visualization for turbulence quantification revealed the presence of wavy-structures called ‘thermals’ which catalyzed the vaporization process of cryogenic liquid released on water.
The results of key parameters study are implemented in CFD methodology to study the pool spreading and vaporization behavior. The CFD model is validated with an LNG experiment which simulates the LNG spill in space enclosed by two LNG ships during loading operations. The results of the research can be used for decision making in facility siting studies and emergency response planning for near shore/waterfront LNG facilities.
Advisors/Committee Members: Mannan, Sam (advisor), Anand, N.K (committee member), Holste, James (committee member), El-Halwagi, Mahmoud (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: LNG; CFD; Consequence Analysis; Source Term; Process Safety
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APA (6th Edition):
Gopalaswami, N. (2016). Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics for Liquefied Natural Gas Pool Spreading and Vaporization on Water. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156950
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Gopalaswami, Nirupama. “Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics for Liquefied Natural Gas Pool Spreading and Vaporization on Water.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156950.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Gopalaswami, Nirupama. “Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics for Liquefied Natural Gas Pool Spreading and Vaporization on Water.” 2016. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Gopalaswami N. Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics for Liquefied Natural Gas Pool Spreading and Vaporization on Water. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156950.
Council of Science Editors:
Gopalaswami N. Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics for Liquefied Natural Gas Pool Spreading and Vaporization on Water. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156950
Texas A&M University
22.
Hughes III, William Travis.
An Integrated Approach to Mobile Treatment of Flowback Water from Shale Gas Production.
Degree: MS, Energy, 2017, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/165841
► Advancements in horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing technologies and methods have resulted in tight shale formations becoming viable for oil and gas production. A necessary…
(more)
▼ Advancements in horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing technologies
and methods have resulted in tight shale formations becoming viable for oil and gas
production. A necessary resource for any hydraulic fracturing project is fresh water to
form the fracturing fluid. Most of the used water is discharged in the form of a flowback
wastewater. In principle, the flowback wastewater can be treated and reused to reduce
freshwater consumption. The objective of this research is to develop a framework for the logistics and scheduling of a mobile treatment system for multiple producing wells.
Several treatment technologies were studied, including coagulation/ultrafiltration, lime
softening, and membrane treatment. In order to perform a case study on Marcellus well
data, thermal membrane distillation technology (TMD) was chosen due to its modularity
and compatibility for use in a mobile rig. An optimization approach was used in order to
determine the number of membrane units needed at each well for each of the twenty-eight days. Results show that the use of TMD for flowback treatment is economically
competitive with conventional disposal methods. The application of this framework can
be scaled to any number of wells, allowing for efficient and accurate allocation of
mobile units to meet desired treatment thresholds.
Advisors/Committee Members: El-Halwagi, Mahmoud (advisor), Mannan, Sam (committee member), Nasr-El-Din, Hisham (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Mobile; Treatment
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APA (6th Edition):
Hughes III, W. T. (2017). An Integrated Approach to Mobile Treatment of Flowback Water from Shale Gas Production. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/165841
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hughes III, William Travis. “An Integrated Approach to Mobile Treatment of Flowback Water from Shale Gas Production.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/165841.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hughes III, William Travis. “An Integrated Approach to Mobile Treatment of Flowback Water from Shale Gas Production.” 2017. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Hughes III WT. An Integrated Approach to Mobile Treatment of Flowback Water from Shale Gas Production. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/165841.
Council of Science Editors:
Hughes III WT. An Integrated Approach to Mobile Treatment of Flowback Water from Shale Gas Production. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/165841
Texas A&M University
23.
Proddutoor, Abhishek.
Systematic Analysis of Spontaneously Combustible Substances.
Degree: MS, Safety Engineering, 2018, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/173799
► The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the hazards of spontaneously combustible substances, and to develop a safety index to categorize the…
(more)
▼ The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the hazards of spontaneously
combustible substances, and to develop a safety index to categorize the hazards of these
materials. Furthermore, storage/handling guidelines or hazard assessment strategies are
developed based on the analysis. Spontaneously combustible substances include a vast array of
materials including pyrophoric substances, shock sensitive substances and self-reactive
substances. These materials are capable of ignition at ambient conditions as a result of exposure
to the atmosphere or other materials.
This analysis is conducted by developing a “Hazard Ranking Score” (HRS) to evaluate and
rank the hazards of these types of materials. The HRS is scored out of 100 and is determined by
considering multiple properties of the substance in question. The inherent hazard of a substance
is determined by considering five parameters: the NFPA rating, the flammability limits, the autoignition
temperature, the ionization potential and the heat of combustion.
Because spontaneously combustible substances in one form or another are widely used in
the industry, an analysis of this type is essential. Initially, a sizeable sample of well-known
spontaneously combustible substances is selected, and data related to the parameters listed above
is collected. All the parameters listed are individually scored out of 100. The final HRS is
determined by a weighted sum of the parameters in consideration. The scores of all the materials
in the sample are determined and a histogram of the data is projected. Based on the histogram, a
simple statistical analysis is conducted to try and predict the behavior of the HRS for any other
materials of this type.
The theoretical validation of the HRS index is conducted to evaluate its robustness. An
important conclusion that can be drawn from this study is that the HRS can serve as a useful
screening tool and can be used instead of or in addition to other safety indices. Finally, the HRS
can serve as a basis to determine whether additional analyses need to be conducted.
Advisors/Committee Members: Mannan, Sam M (advisor), El-Halwagi, Mahmoud M (committee member), Banerjee, Debjyoti (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Spontaneously combustible; Pyrophoric; Safety index
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APA (6th Edition):
Proddutoor, A. (2018). Systematic Analysis of Spontaneously Combustible Substances. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/173799
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Proddutoor, Abhishek. “Systematic Analysis of Spontaneously Combustible Substances.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/173799.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Proddutoor, Abhishek. “Systematic Analysis of Spontaneously Combustible Substances.” 2018. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Proddutoor A. Systematic Analysis of Spontaneously Combustible Substances. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/173799.
Council of Science Editors:
Proddutoor A. Systematic Analysis of Spontaneously Combustible Substances. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/173799
Texas A&M University
24.
Kesisoglou, Iordanis.
Dynamic Modeling and Control of a Hydrogen Energy System.
Degree: MS, Energy, 2017, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/187226
► The population is expected to continue to rise in the future. A greater amount of automobile utilization is expected, leading to a rapid increase in…
(more)
▼ The population is expected to continue to rise in the future. A greater amount of automobile utilization is expected, leading to a rapid increase in the transportation sector, a sector heavily dependent on CO2 emission fuels. It would be beneficial to introduce an alternative technology of high efficiency and low emission levels to mitigate the currently increasing GHG emissions to the environment.
Among the fossil fuels, hydrogen is the one with the highest energy density per unit volume when stored in solid form and has the highest abundance on earth. Hydrogen can be stored in solid form within metal hydrides. Due to the fact that hydrogen is initially obtained in very low densities, high pressure must be applied to be stored efficiently. Hence, a high pressure metal hydride, HPMH, tank is suggested for its storage.
The next step is the means of converting hydrogen into energy. Proton exchange membrane fuel cell, PEMFC, is the suggested technology. The major advantage of this technology is that it converts the fuel directly into energy electrochemically, allowing zero GHG emissions, making it sustainable and of high efficiency.
The main disadvantage of hydrogen storage is the long fueling time, which makes it challenging for automobile usage. The next issue is the rate of hydrogen supply to the fuel cell for energy production. As the fuel is initially in solid form it is hard to establish a desired steady flow rate to the engine when required. Finally, the absorption and desorption reactions of hydrogen are temperature-dependent, a variable that must be better analyzed due to its great impact to the system, making it a key component for the improvement of the safety and operability of the system.
This thesis combines pre-established detailed dynamic models of an HPMH tank and of a PEMFC system by utilizing the model building platform named gPROMS. The thesis investigates the filling time parameters, discharge rate parameters and the thermal management of an HPMH and PEMFC units. A PI controller is added for the automatization iii of the system that regulates the water flow in the heat exchanger, depending on the hydrogen inflow in the HPMH and the energy output requirements from the PEMFC.
The model results provide a clear visualization of the impact of flow rate, pressure and temperature in the operability of the system. It is concluded that one of the most significant variables in the system is the temperature that can be controlled by the flow rate of the water in the heat exchanger. That variable can lead to a higher fueling rate and steadier desorption rate. Furthermore, the PI control is able to efficiently manage the flow rate of water in the heat exchanger and enhance the operability of the system, allowing higher fidelity and safety. The overall outcome of the thesis supports the claim that the future utilization of this system has potential to mitigate the GHG emissions in the transportation sector as well as introduce higher energy efficiencies compared to the current commercial technology and…
Advisors/Committee Members: Pistikopoulos, Stratos (advisor), Mohtar, Rabi (committee member), Mannan, Sam M. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: control; modeling; hydrogen energy system
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APA (6th Edition):
Kesisoglou, I. (2017). Dynamic Modeling and Control of a Hydrogen Energy System. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/187226
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kesisoglou, Iordanis. “Dynamic Modeling and Control of a Hydrogen Energy System.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/187226.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kesisoglou, Iordanis. “Dynamic Modeling and Control of a Hydrogen Energy System.” 2017. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Kesisoglou I. Dynamic Modeling and Control of a Hydrogen Energy System. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/187226.
Council of Science Editors:
Kesisoglou I. Dynamic Modeling and Control of a Hydrogen Energy System. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/187226
Texas A&M University
25.
Gou, Zehao.
Monetization of Stranded Gas Through Ammonia And Urea Production.
Degree: MS, Chemical Engineering, 2017, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/169539
► The world demand for total fertilizer nutrients will reach 200 million metric tons in 2018. In the meantime, 6.3 trillion cubic feet per year natural…
(more)
▼ The world demand for total fertilizer nutrients will reach 200 million metric tons in 2018. In the meantime, 6.3 trillion cubic feet per year natural gas are vented, flared and reinjected worldwide. Ammonia and urea production are promising routes to monetize these stranded gas resources. Greenhouse gas reduction through the incorporation of CO2 generated in the reforming section into urea production is a plus for this process. This study examines and optimizes the ammonia and urea processes by process analysis, economic analysis, and process intensification. A case study is carried out on deploying the technology in Corn-Belt (an area with a thriving agricultural sector and heavy demand for fertilizers). A medium gas reserve size of 10 MM SCFD is chosen to maintain the flexibility of the process. The process includes a reforming section, high-temperature shift, low-temperature shift, CO2 recovery, methanation, ammonia synthesis, refrigeration, ammonium carbamate condensation, urea generation and gas recycle. Kinetic models are used to set the rate while equilibrium criteria are chosen to build the boundary in this simulation. Two process intensifications – combined reformer and combined urea reactor – are proposed to increase the mobility of the system.
Advisors/Committee Members: El-Halwagi, Mahmoud (advisor), Mannan, Sam (committee member), Nasr-El-Din, Hisham (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Ammonia; Urea
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APA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Gou, Z. (2017). Monetization of Stranded Gas Through Ammonia And Urea Production. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/169539
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Gou, Zehao. “Monetization of Stranded Gas Through Ammonia And Urea Production.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/169539.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Gou, Zehao. “Monetization of Stranded Gas Through Ammonia And Urea Production.” 2017. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Gou Z. Monetization of Stranded Gas Through Ammonia And Urea Production. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/169539.
Council of Science Editors:
Gou Z. Monetization of Stranded Gas Through Ammonia And Urea Production. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/169539
Texas A&M University
26.
Zeng, Ming.
Integration of Human Factors in Offshore Blowout Risk Assessment.
Degree: MS, Safety Engineering, 2015, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156443
► Human factors (HFs) are important factors to the Macondo well blowout, but traditional risk assessment has not addressed them. Some common methodologies for offshore drilling…
(more)
▼ Human factors (HFs) are important factors to the Macondo well blowout, but traditional risk assessment has not addressed them. Some common methodologies for offshore drilling risk assessment are fault tree, event tree and Bow-tie analysis, which are static structure and cannot consider common causes or conditional dependent factors. The Hybrid Causal Logic (HCL) model is a multi-layered, dynamic ever green model that can incorporate human factors. The HCL model enables the prediction of the probability of human errors and explains the reasons of human errors occurrence. This research applied the HCL model to offshore blowout risk assessment by using swabbing induced kick as a case study.
The contribution of human factors to accidents in offshore industry has been identified based on literature review. They were categorized as individual factors, group factors and organization factors. The sub-heading human factors was considered as influencing factors in the HCL model.
In the HCL model, an event tree was developed to display the links between kick and blowout. The safety barriers were identified as kick detection, kick control and shear ram. Basic events that could contribute to kick scenario, failure of kick detection, kick control and shear ram to seal the well were developed in fault trees. Then, the fault trees and event tree were mapped into Bayesian networks (BN). The human factors that could contribute to causal events in fault trees were also linked with BN. Objected-oriented BN was applied to link the fault trees models into a higher-level model with input and output nodes.
This higher-level model was able to evaluate the impact of different HFs’ levels on the probability of kick and blowout. The most influencing factors could also be tracked in this model for risk control and mitigation. Based on the assumptions and structure of this model, competence, pressure, communication and management were identified as the most influencing factors for blowout escalating by swabbing induced kick. The blowout probability could be decreased four times if the competence level of an operator was increased from a low level to a high level.
Advisors/Committee Members: Mashuga, Chad (advisor), Mannan, Sam M. (advisor), Peres, Camille S. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Human Factors; Blowout; Risk Assessment; Bayesian Network; Hybrid Causal Logic
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APA (6th Edition):
Zeng, M. (2015). Integration of Human Factors in Offshore Blowout Risk Assessment. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156443
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Zeng, Ming. “Integration of Human Factors in Offshore Blowout Risk Assessment.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156443.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Zeng, Ming. “Integration of Human Factors in Offshore Blowout Risk Assessment.” 2015. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Zeng M. Integration of Human Factors in Offshore Blowout Risk Assessment. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156443.
Council of Science Editors:
Zeng M. Integration of Human Factors in Offshore Blowout Risk Assessment. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156443
Texas A&M University
27.
Reid, Dariya.
Curvature-directed Crystallization of Polymer Dielectrics in Nanopores.
Degree: MS, Chemical Engineering, 2013, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151830
► The formation of isotactic poly(propylene) (iPP) and polycarbonate (PC) nanowires of tunable diameter was demonstrated by melt-wetting the polymer into nanoporous anodic alumina. The crystallization…
(more)
▼ The formation of isotactic poly(propylene) (iPP) and polycarbonate (PC) nanowires of tunable diameter was demonstrated by melt-wetting the polymer into nanoporous anodic alumina. The crystallization process was analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry. A transition from hetero- to homogeneous crystallization was observed for iPP as the pore diameter decreased. Also, the Avrami exponent decreased as the pore diameter decreased, indicating preferential 1-D crystallization for diameters of 40 nm or less. X-ray diffraction studies showed that the polymer chains crystallize into the α-phase and that they preferentially orient along the a- and b-axis, perpendicular to the pore wall. Directed crystallization of iPP may enhance the materials electrical and mechanical properties.
Advisors/Committee Members: Lutkenhaus, Jodie (advisor), Mannan, Sam (committee member), Sue, Hung-Jue (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: isotactic poly(propylene); confinement effects; Avrami kinetics; directed crystallization; anodic aluminum oxide; nanowires
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APA (6th Edition):
Reid, D. (2013). Curvature-directed Crystallization of Polymer Dielectrics in Nanopores. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151830
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Reid, Dariya. “Curvature-directed Crystallization of Polymer Dielectrics in Nanopores.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151830.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Reid, Dariya. “Curvature-directed Crystallization of Polymer Dielectrics in Nanopores.” 2013. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Reid D. Curvature-directed Crystallization of Polymer Dielectrics in Nanopores. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151830.
Council of Science Editors:
Reid D. Curvature-directed Crystallization of Polymer Dielectrics in Nanopores. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151830
Texas A&M University
28.
Liu, Qiancheng.
Observer-based Fault Diagnosis: Applications to Exothermic Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors.
Degree: MS, Chemical Engineering, 2016, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/158109
► For chemical engineering dynamic systems, there is an increasing demand for better process performance, high product quality, absolute reliability & safety, maximum cost efficiency and…
(more)
▼ For chemical engineering dynamic systems, there is an increasing demand for better process performance, high product quality, absolute reliability & safety, maximum cost efficiency and less environmental impact. Improved individual process components and advanced automatic control techniques have brought significant benefits to the chemical industry. However, fault-free operation of processes cannot be guaranteed. Timely fault diagnosis and proper management can help to avoid or at least minimize the undesirable consequences.
There are many techniques for fault diagnosis, and observer-based methods have been widely studied and have proved to be efficient for fault diagnosis. The basic idea of an observer-based approach is to generate a specific residual signal which carries the information of specific faults, as well as the information of process disturbances, model uncertainties, other faults and measurement noises. For fault diagnosis, the residual should be sensitive to faults and insensitive to other unknown inputs. With this feature, faults can be easily detected and may be isolated and identified.
This thesis applied an observer-based fault diagnosis method to three exothermic CSTR case studies. In order to improve the operational safety of exothermic CSTRs with risks of runaway reactions and explosion, fault diagnostic observers are built for fault detection, isolation and identification. For this purpose, different types of most common faults have been studied in different reaction systems. For each fault, a specific observer and the corresponding residual is built, which works as an indicator of that fault and is robust to other unknown inputs. For designing linear observers, the original nonlinear system is linearized at steady state, and the observer is designed based on the linearized system. However, in the simulations, the observer is tested on the nonlinear system instead of the linearized system. In addition, an efficient & effective general MATLAB program has been developed for fault diagnosis observer design. Extensive simulation studies have been performed to test the fault diagnostic observer on exothermic CSTRs. The results show that the proposed fault diagnosis scheme can be directly implemented and it works well for diagnosing faults in exothermic chemical reactors.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kravaris, Costas (advisor), Mannan, Sam (committee member), Bhattacharyya, Shankar P. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Fault Diagnosis; CSTR; Observer-based; Unknown Input Diagnostic Observer
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APA (6th Edition):
Liu, Q. (2016). Observer-based Fault Diagnosis: Applications to Exothermic Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/158109
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Liu, Qiancheng. “Observer-based Fault Diagnosis: Applications to Exothermic Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/158109.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Liu, Qiancheng. “Observer-based Fault Diagnosis: Applications to Exothermic Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors.” 2016. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Liu Q. Observer-based Fault Diagnosis: Applications to Exothermic Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/158109.
Council of Science Editors:
Liu Q. Observer-based Fault Diagnosis: Applications to Exothermic Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/158109
Texas A&M University
29.
Pineda Solano, Alba Lucia.
Design of Inherently Safer Complex Reactive Processes: Application on the N-Oxidation of Alkylpyridines.
Degree: PhD, Chemical Engineering, 2014, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/152804
► Alkylpyridine N-oxides are important intermediates in the pharmaceutical industry. The N-oxides are produced via the homogeneously catalyzed N-oxidation of the respective alkylpyridines using hydrogen peroxide…
(more)
▼ Alkylpyridine N-oxides are important intermediates in the pharmaceutical industry. The N-oxides are produced via the homogeneously catalyzed N-oxidation of the respective alkylpyridines using hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizing agent and phosphotungstic acid as the catalyst. The N-oxidation is accompanied by the undesired, condition-dependent decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. A runaway of this reaction may result in a rapid generation of oxygen and temperature rise in the alkylpyridine flammable environment, with the additional potential to overpressurize the reaction vessel and/or trigger secondary decompositions of the product. The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is exacerbated during the N-oxidation of higher order alkylpyridines due to the mass transfer resistance caused by the formation of an organic phase and an aqueous phase. The water-soluble catalyst promotes severe decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, jeopardizing the safety of the process, and reducing its efficiency.
This research focused on the development of a more efficient and inherently safer process for the N-oxidation of alkylpyridines. Isothermal calorimetry, incorporating a factorial design of experiments (DOE), was used to study operating conditions that minimize the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Adiabatic calorimetry was used to study the thermal stability of alkylpyridines and their N-oxides. The compounds studied in this work included 3-picoline, 3,5-lutidine, 2,6-lutidine and 2,4,6-collidine, and their corresponding N-oxides. In addition, this research evaluated the use of in-situ FTIR spectroscopy to monitor this reaction system.
Thermal stability analyses showed that the alkylpyridines studied are stable up to 400 °C, while the corresponding N-oxides decompose significantly above 230 °C. The factorial DOE revealed that the conversion of 3-picoline is most influenced by the interaction between the factors catalyst mass and dosing rate. Conversions of 3-picoline and 3,5-lutidine obtained were as high as 98% and 95%, respectively, using only a stoichiometric amount of hydrogen peroxide. Significant decomposition was observed during the N-oxidation of 2,6-lutidine and 2,4,6-collidine. Knowledge acquired on the N-oxidation of alkylpyridines indicates that reaction efficiency, selectivity and safety can be greatly improved a) by increasing the operating temperature and using a system working under pressure, and b) in the case of the higher order alkylpyridines, by avoiding operating conditions where a heterogeneous mixture is formed.
This work demonstrates the complexity and the multiple studies required for the design of inherently safer reactive processes and it can serve as a model for similar studies on different complex reactions and in the development of inherently safer reactor design.
This research focused on the development of a more efficient and inherently safer process for the N-oxidation of alkylpyridines. Isothermal calorimetry, incorporating a factorial design of experiments (DOE), was used to study operating…
Advisors/Committee Members: Mannan, Sam (advisor), El-Halwagi, Mahmoud (committee member), Glover, Charles (committee member), Banerjee, Debjyoti (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Inherently safer design; reaction calorimety; adiabatic calorimetry; N-oxidation; alkylpyridines
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APA (6th Edition):
Pineda Solano, A. L. (2014). Design of Inherently Safer Complex Reactive Processes: Application on the N-Oxidation of Alkylpyridines. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/152804
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Pineda Solano, Alba Lucia. “Design of Inherently Safer Complex Reactive Processes: Application on the N-Oxidation of Alkylpyridines.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/152804.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Pineda Solano, Alba Lucia. “Design of Inherently Safer Complex Reactive Processes: Application on the N-Oxidation of Alkylpyridines.” 2014. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Pineda Solano AL. Design of Inherently Safer Complex Reactive Processes: Application on the N-Oxidation of Alkylpyridines. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/152804.
Council of Science Editors:
Pineda Solano AL. Design of Inherently Safer Complex Reactive Processes: Application on the N-Oxidation of Alkylpyridines. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/152804
Texas A&M University
30.
Benavides Serrano, Alberto J.
Mathematical Programming Formulations for the Optimal Placement of Imperfect Detectors with Applications to Flammable Gas Detection and Mitigation Systems.
Degree: PhD, Chemical Engineering, 2014, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153985
► The placement of detectors in mitigation systems is a difficult problem usually addressed in the industry via qualitative and semiquantative approaches. Simplifications are used to…
(more)
▼ The placement of detectors in mitigation systems is a difficult problem usually addressed in the industry via qualitative and semiquantative approaches. Simplifications are used to circumvent difficulties regarding problem size, parameter uncertainty, and lack of information concerning leak development. Given recent improvement of consequence modeling tools, the use of a stochastic Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) formulation (SP) was previously proposed to quantitatively approach this problem. This formulation minimizes the expected damage over a large set of gas leak scenarios while assuming perfect detectors. In reality gas detectors are prone to false positives and false negatives. Two solutions are usually implemented in the process industries. First, additional confirmation from several detectors (i.e., voting) is required before emergency actions are triggered in order to avoid false positives. Second, in order to avoid false negatives, the unavailability of the detectors is considered in the placement strategy. Unavailability corresponds to the probability that the detector will not be able to perform its intended function when required.
In the first part of this dissertation, two problem formulations were developed and validated to address the issue of imperfect detectors: minimization of expected damage considering unavailability (SP-U) and minimization of the expected damage considering unavailability and voting (SP-UV). SP-U and SP-UV placement results were compared with those obtained assuming perfect detectors. Results demonstrate that explicit consideration of unavailability and voting effects alters the final detector placement. Quantitative risk can be significantly higher if we neglect these issues when solving for the optimal placement. Furthermore, SP-UV placement results were compared with those of four existing approaches for gas detector placement using three different performance metrics in accordance to the objectives of gas detection systems. Results provide further evidence on the effectiveness of the use of dispersion simulations, and mathematical programming, to supplement the gas detector placement problem.
Formulation SP-U assumes a uniform unavailability across all detector types and locations. In the second part of this work, this assumption is relaxed via formulation SPqt, which considers non-uniform dynamic detector unavailabilities. Relaxing this assumption results in a Mixed-Integer NonLinear Programming (MINLP) formulation. SPqt, being an extension of SP-U, explicitly considers di↵erent backup detection levels, allowing an approximation where the maximum degree of the nonlinear products considered can be determined by the modeler. The effect of reducing the number of detection levels was analyzed. For the problem, results shown that two detection levels are sufficient to find objective values within 1% of the optimal solution. Considering two detection levels reduces the MINLP formulation to a zero-one quadratic formulation (SPqt-Q). A solution quality comparison between…
Advisors/Committee Members: Mannan, Sam (advisor), Laird, Carl (advisor), El-Halwagi, Mahmoud (committee member), Wortman, Martin (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Gas Detection; Process Safety; Detector Placement; Stochastic Programming; Mixed-Integer Linear Programming; Mixed-Integer NonLinear Programming; Unavailability; Reliability; Backup Coverage; Voting
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Benavides Serrano, A. J. (2014). Mathematical Programming Formulations for the Optimal Placement of Imperfect Detectors with Applications to Flammable Gas Detection and Mitigation Systems. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153985
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Benavides Serrano, Alberto J. “Mathematical Programming Formulations for the Optimal Placement of Imperfect Detectors with Applications to Flammable Gas Detection and Mitigation Systems.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153985.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Benavides Serrano, Alberto J. “Mathematical Programming Formulations for the Optimal Placement of Imperfect Detectors with Applications to Flammable Gas Detection and Mitigation Systems.” 2014. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Benavides Serrano AJ. Mathematical Programming Formulations for the Optimal Placement of Imperfect Detectors with Applications to Flammable Gas Detection and Mitigation Systems. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153985.
Council of Science Editors:
Benavides Serrano AJ. Mathematical Programming Formulations for the Optimal Placement of Imperfect Detectors with Applications to Flammable Gas Detection and Mitigation Systems. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153985
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