+publisher:"Texas A&M University" +contributor:("Hume, Michael")

Texas A&M University

1. Peredo, Anjelica. Evaluation of the Dairy/Yeast Prebiotic, Grobiotic-A, in the Diet of Juvenile Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus.

Degree: MS, Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, 2012, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-12-10456

► Two different feeding trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with the dairy/yeast prebiotic GroBiotic-A (GBA) to Nile tilapia diets. A nutritionally… (more)

▼ Two different feeding trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with the dairy/yeast prebiotic GroBiotic-A (GBA) to Nile tilapia diets. A nutritionally complete basal diet was supplemented with GBA at either 1 or 2% of dry weight, and all three diets were fed to triplicate groups of juvenile fish in two consecutive trials. Trial 1 continued for 8 weeks, while Trial 2 was conducted for 5 weeks to more specifically assess immunological responses, intestinal characteristics and disease resistance of tilapia. At the conclusion of Trial 1, there were no differences in weight gain (WG) or feed efficiency (FE) among fish fed the three diets. However, fish fed the diet with GBA at 2% had significantly increased survival and noticeably elevated levels of plasma lysozyme compared to fish fed the basal diet or the diet with GBA at 1%. Similarly, at the conclusion of Trial 2, WG and FE were unaffected by GBA supplementation; however, fish fed the diet with GBA at 2% also exhibited elevated plasma lysozyme as well as significantly (P < 0.05) increased levels of extracellular superoxide anion production (EX-SOAP) by macrophages. Dendrogram analysis of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) images detected a significantly different microbial community within the intestine of fish fed the diet with GBA at 2% compared to fish fed the basal diet and diet with GBA at 1%. None of the experimental diets resulted in significant improvements to survival after exposure to Streptococcus iniae due to within treatment variability. However, fish fed the diet with GBA at 2% did tend to experience reduced mortality (12.5%) as compared to fish fed the basal diet (35%). Thus, supplementation of GBA at 2% of diet did alter the gut microbiota of tilapia and enhanced immunological responses and disease resistance to S. iniae. Advisors/Committee Members: Buentello, Alejandro (advisor), Gatlin III, Delbert M. (advisor), Hume, Michael E. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Nile tilapia; prebiotic; intestinal microbiota; disease resistance; innate immune responses

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APA (6^th Edition):

Peredo, A. (2012). Evaluation of the Dairy/Yeast Prebiotic, Grobiotic-A, in the Diet of Juvenile Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-12-10456

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Peredo, Anjelica. “Evaluation of the Dairy/Yeast Prebiotic, Grobiotic-A, in the Diet of Juvenile Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-12-10456.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Peredo, Anjelica. “Evaluation of the Dairy/Yeast Prebiotic, Grobiotic-A, in the Diet of Juvenile Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus.” 2012. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Peredo A. Evaluation of the Dairy/Yeast Prebiotic, Grobiotic-A, in the Diet of Juvenile Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-12-10456.

Council of Science Editors:

Peredo A. Evaluation of the Dairy/Yeast Prebiotic, Grobiotic-A, in the Diet of Juvenile Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-12-10456

Texas A&M University

2. Mendoza Rodriguez, Maria G. Supplementation of Organic Acids and Algae Extracts in Aqua Feeds: Immunological Impacts.

Degree: MS, Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, 2013, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151783

► Two organic acids, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and potassium diformate (KDF) have been researched to only a limited extent with aquatic species but have been shown to… (more)

▼ Two organic acids, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and potassium diformate (KDF) have been researched to only a limited extent with aquatic species but have been shown to have various positive effects on terrestrial animals. Two algae extracts, carrageenan and alginic acid, also have been shown to elicit immunostimulation in some fish. Therefore, the present study was conducted with red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) as a model marine species to study the effects of organic acids and algae extracts as feed supplements by evaluating several humoral immune responses. Two feeding trials, one of 7-week duration and the other of 3-week were conducted with disease-free juvenile red drum (average initial wt. 2.6±0.2 g and 78.2 ±0.2 g, respectively). Semipurified diets were formulated to be isocaloric and contain 40% crude protein. Experimental diets were produced by supplementing the basal diet with KDF at 0.6%, PHB at 2%, alginic acid at 1% or carrageenan at 0.5% by weight in place of cellulose. Fish were stocked into 110-L aquaria operated as a recirculating system with each diet assigned to three replicate aquaria containing either 15 fish (7-week trial) or 9 fish per aquarium (3-week trial). All fish were fed their respective diets at the same fixed percentage of body weight (initially 6% and gradually reduced to 4% as the fish grew). Body weight was monitored by collectively weighing fish from each aquarium every week. At the end of each feeding trial, weight gain and feed efficiency were significantly (P<0.0001) reduced in fish feed PHB compared to the basal diet and both algae extracts. There were no significant differences in condition indices such as hepatosomatic index (HSI) and intraperitoneal fat (IPF) ratio among fish fed the various diets. Lysozyme activity was significantly higher in fish fed alginic acid. The greatest phagocytic activity was found in fish fed the diet containing PHB. Total immunoglobulin level was higher in fish fed the diet supplemented with carrageenan. Goblet cell proliferation was greatest in the posterior end of the gastrointestinal tract but not different among dietary treatments. Organic acids and algae extracts evaluated in this study produced variable immunological responses in red drum with carrageenan showing the greatest potential as an immunostimulant. Advisors/Committee Members: Gatlin III, Delbert M (advisor), Criscitiello, Michael (committee member), Hume, Michael (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: red drum; organic acids; algae extracts; immunology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mendoza Rodriguez, M. G. (2013). Supplementation of Organic Acids and Algae Extracts in Aqua Feeds: Immunological Impacts. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151783

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mendoza Rodriguez, Maria G. “Supplementation of Organic Acids and Algae Extracts in Aqua Feeds: Immunological Impacts.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151783.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mendoza Rodriguez, Maria G. “Supplementation of Organic Acids and Algae Extracts in Aqua Feeds: Immunological Impacts.” 2013. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Mendoza Rodriguez MG. Supplementation of Organic Acids and Algae Extracts in Aqua Feeds: Immunological Impacts. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151783.

Council of Science Editors:

Mendoza Rodriguez MG. Supplementation of Organic Acids and Algae Extracts in Aqua Feeds: Immunological Impacts. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151783

Texas A&M University

3. Rosales Leija, Misael. Effect of Feed and Water Additives on Bacterial Composition in a Shallow-Water Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Research System Using Biofloc Technology.

Degree: PhD, Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, 2017, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/173268

► The effects different prebiotics, organic acid salts and an essential oil blend have on the bacterial community of biofloc particles (formed of bacteria, leftover feed,… (more)

▼ The effects different prebiotics, organic acid salts and an essential oil blend have on the bacterial community of biofloc particles (formed of bacteria, leftover feed, and feces) and shrimp gills tissue, hepatopancreas and intestinal contents, as well as on total hemocyte count (THC), were determined for the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Shrimp were stocked in research tanks with a capacity to hold 41-L of artificial 28 g/L salinity. Final weight, weight gain and survival were determined based on termination data. Also, biofloc and shrimp muscle samples were collected to determine ash, protein and lipid composition. In addition, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of biofloc and shrimp hepatopancreas, gills and intestine was conducted. For Trial I, prebiotics, fructooligosaccharide, galactooligosaccharide, mannan-oligosaccharide and inulin, as well as non-prebiotic carbohydrates, wheat starch and sucrose, were added directly to the water. For Trial II, the same additives of Trial I and an essential oil blend were included in the feed with a 3% dietary inclusion level. For Trial III, four diets were prepared with fructooligosaccharide and galactooligosaccharide at 1.5 and 3.0% dietary inclusion level each. Also, 6 diets were prepared with sodium acetate, sodium lactate and sodium propionate each at 0.75 and 1.5% dietary inclusion levels and a control diet with no additive inclusion. For the present experimental conditions, it can be concluded that the evaluated additives have a significant effect on the bacterial communities of the biofloc and those present in shrimp gills, hepatopancreas and intestinal contents when added to the water or feed. Significant increase in the THC was observed when the essential oil blend and the organic acid salts were included in feed of Trials II and III. Also, significant effects on water quality and biofloc levels were observed only when wheat starch was added to the culture water. The effects of feed and water additives on the bacterial populations of biofloc and shrimp gills, hepatopancreas and intestinal contents as well as on THC of shrimp when cultured in a biofloc technology system is a significant contribution to knowledge and to the shrimp aquaculture industry. Advisors/Committee Members: Lawrence, Addison L. (advisor), Gatlin III, Delbert M. (advisor), Bailey, Cristopher A. (committee member), Hume, Michael E. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Litopenaeus vannamei; biofloc; prebiotics; organic acid salts; essential oils; bacterial composition; gills; hepatopancreas; intestine

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APA (6^th Edition):

Rosales Leija, M. (2017). Effect of Feed and Water Additives on Bacterial Composition in a Shallow-Water Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Research System Using Biofloc Technology. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/173268

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Rosales Leija, Misael. “Effect of Feed and Water Additives on Bacterial Composition in a Shallow-Water Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Research System Using Biofloc Technology.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/173268.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Rosales Leija, Misael. “Effect of Feed and Water Additives on Bacterial Composition in a Shallow-Water Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Research System Using Biofloc Technology.” 2017. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Rosales Leija M. Effect of Feed and Water Additives on Bacterial Composition in a Shallow-Water Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Research System Using Biofloc Technology. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/173268.

Council of Science Editors:

Rosales Leija M. Effect of Feed and Water Additives on Bacterial Composition in a Shallow-Water Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Research System Using Biofloc Technology. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/173268

Texas A&M University

4. Hernandez, Charles Andrew. Molecular Typing and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter Isolated During Commercial Broiler Production.

Degree: MS, Poultry Science, 2012, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8643

► Campylobacter jejuni is a commensal microorganism of the poultry gastrointestinal tract. Broilers, layers, ducks, turkeys, and quails can be colonized by Campylobacter without illness occurring.… (more)

▼ Campylobacter jejuni is a commensal microorganism of the poultry gastrointestinal tract. Broilers, layers, ducks, turkeys, and quails can be colonized by Campylobacter without illness occurring. The vast majority of human Campylobacter infections are recognized as being foodborne. For 2008, preliminary FoodNet data showed that the Campylobacter incidence of infection, 12.68 per 100,000 of the U.S. population, is the second highest, only behind Salmonella at 16.20 per 100,000. To further understand Campylobacter’s role as a foodborne pathogen, analysis at the molecular level is needed. Microbial molecular typing allows for identification and differentiation of bacterial strains beneath the species level. In this study, the “gold standard” method for molecular subtyping, Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), along with Diversilab® repetitive element Polymerase Chain Reaction (rep-PCR) and 16S-23S Internal Spacer Region Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (ISR DGGE) were used for the molecular typing of Campylobacter jejuni isolates obtained during different stages of commercial broiler production and processing. In addition, the C. jejuni isolates were tested for resistance to antimicrobials commonly used in both veterinary and human medicine. Antimicrobial resistance testing was carried out using a broth dilution system. The majority of recovered isolates came from post-harvest carcass rinsates. Carcass rinses were obtained at post-evisceration, post-chill stages. All isolates (n = 46) were identified by the Polymerase Chain Reaction as Campylobacter jejuni. Three genotypes (n = 44, n = 1, n = 1) were identified by PFGE. The 46 rep-PCR products grouped into seven clusters and two outliers. Clustering of rep-PCR products by sample source was not observed. No relatedness trends were observed for isolates recovered from the same source. The combination of PFGE and Diversilab rep-PCR methods provides highly discriminatory molecular typing results. These results provide practical epidemiological information that shows postevisceration and post-chill stages are still important targets for intervention studies. The very high occurrence of C. jejuni isolates exhibiting genotype A suggests it may differentially express certain gene(s) that enable this strain to more favorably survive under the different harsh environmental conditions encountered during production and processing. In addition, phenotypic testing revealed all of the isolates were not resistant to the antimicrobials azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamycin, tetracycline, florfenicol, nalidixic acid, telithromycin, and clindamycin at any of the concentrations tested. All the C. jejuni isolates exhibited an indistinguishable two-band 16S-23S ISR DGGE profile. Overall, these C. jejuni commercial broiler pre- and post-harvest isolates exhibited an extremely low degree of molecular and phenotypic variability. Advisors/Committee Members: Caldwell, David J. (advisor), Hume, Michael E. (committee member), Byrd, James A. (committee member), Sturino, Joseph M. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Campylobacter; PFGE; rep-PCR; antimicrobial resistance

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hernandez, C. A. (2012). Molecular Typing and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter Isolated During Commercial Broiler Production. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8643

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hernandez, Charles Andrew. “Molecular Typing and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter Isolated During Commercial Broiler Production.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8643.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hernandez, Charles Andrew. “Molecular Typing and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter Isolated During Commercial Broiler Production.” 2012. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Hernandez CA. Molecular Typing and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter Isolated During Commercial Broiler Production. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8643.

Council of Science Editors:

Hernandez CA. Molecular Typing and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter Isolated During Commercial Broiler Production. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8643

Texas A&M University

5. Epps, Sharon V.R. The Effect of Thymol-B-D-Glucopyranoside on the Reduction of Campylobacter Species in Food-Producing Animals.

Degree: MS, Toxicology, 2013, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151051

► Campylobacter are a leading cause of bacterial derived foodborne illness. Thymol is a natural product that reduces survivability of Campylobacter in vitro. Results from animal… (more)

▼ Campylobacter are a leading cause of bacterial derived foodborne illness. Thymol is a natural product that reduces survivability of Campylobacter in vitro. Results from animal studies, however, indicate that absorption or degradation within the stomach and small intestine may preclude delivery of thymol to the cecum and large intestine, the main sites of Campylobacter colonization. Presently, we compared the anti- Campylobacter activity of thymol against that of thymol-β-D-glucopyranoside (β-Dthymol), the latter suspected to be resistant to degradation and absorption in the proximal alimentary tract lacking β-glycosidase activity. When treated with 1 mM thymol, the survivability of Campylobacter coli and jejuni in vitro was reduced by 3.41 to 6.87 log_10 CFU mL-1 after 48-h pure culture and after co-culture, respectively. In the presence of a β-glycosidase-expressing Parabacteroides distasonis. Conversely, the survivability of C. coli and C. jejuni was reduced by 3.72 and 4.30 log_10 CFU mL-1, respectively, in cocultures treated with β-D-thymol, but not in pure cultures similarly treated. When tested in mixed cultures of porcine or bovine fecal microbes possessing endogenous β- glycosidase, C. coli and C. jejuni survivability was reduced by 3.26 and 2.50 log_10 CFU mL-1, respectively, whether treated with thymol or β-D-thymol. In mixed populations of avian crop and cecal microbes, C. jejuni survivability was reduced 1.41 to 2.32 log_10 CFU mL-1 whether treated with thymol or β-D-thymol. Thymol and β-D-thymol inhibited ammonia accumulation in mixed populations of porcine and mixed bovine fecal microbes which is consistent with free thymol’s purported role as a deaminase inhibitor. Conversely, thymol and β-D-thymol did not affect ammonia accumulation in mixed populations of avian gut microbes implicating population specific effects of these compounds. β-D-thymol, but not thymol, reduced accumulation of fermentation acids indicating the conjugate inhibited fermentation which may limit its application to the last meal or last few meals before harvest. Oral administration of 150 μmol β-D-thymol reduced C. jejuni in avian crop, but not in cecal contents; treatment with thymol was ineffective. These results indicate that β-D-thymol, or similar β-glycosides, may be a suitable candidate to escape absorption and degradation within the proximal alimentary and retain its anti-Campylobacter properties. Further research is needed to reduce such technology to practice. Advisors/Committee Members: Phillips, Timothy D (advisor), Harvey, Roger B (advisor), Anderson, Robin C (committee member), Hume, Michael E (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Thymol-β-D-Glucopyranosid; Campylobacter; Antimicrobial; Bactericidal; Guillian Barre Syndrome

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APA (6^th Edition):

Epps, S. V. R. (2013). The Effect of Thymol-B-D-Glucopyranoside on the Reduction of Campylobacter Species in Food-Producing Animals. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151051

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Epps, Sharon V R. “The Effect of Thymol-B-D-Glucopyranoside on the Reduction of Campylobacter Species in Food-Producing Animals.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151051.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Epps, Sharon V R. “The Effect of Thymol-B-D-Glucopyranoside on the Reduction of Campylobacter Species in Food-Producing Animals.” 2013. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Epps SVR. The Effect of Thymol-B-D-Glucopyranoside on the Reduction of Campylobacter Species in Food-Producing Animals. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151051.

Council of Science Editors:

Epps SVR. The Effect of Thymol-B-D-Glucopyranoside on the Reduction of Campylobacter Species in Food-Producing Animals. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151051

Texas A&M University

6. Rossi Junior, Waldemar. A New Spin on the Optimization of Plant-Protein-Based Diets for Red Drum, Sciaenops ocellatus L.

Degree: PhD, Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, 2015, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155595

► Red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus, is a highly prized marine teleost whose supply largely depends on aquaculture. Commercial diets for red drum still contain considerable amounts… (more)

▼ Red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus, is a highly prized marine teleost whose supply largely depends on aquaculture. Commercial diets for red drum still contain considerable amounts of fishmeal (FM), which has become a scarce and increasingly costly protein source. Therefore, the evaluation of alternative-protein feedstuffs and the optimization of low-FM and growth-promoting aquafeeds can add sustainability to red drum aquaculture. Five feeding trials were conducted to assess the nutritional value of a range of plant-protein (PP) feedstuffs as partial substitutes for dietary FM in early-stage juvenile red drum. Results from Trial I indicated that soy protein concentrate (SPC) and barley protein concentrate can replace 50% of dietary FM protein without compromising the production performance of red drum. Test diets high in PP reduced the growth performance of red drum in Trial II, but a set of promising PP feedstuffs was screened. The digestibility of a commodity and an enzymatically treated soybean meal (ESBM) was assessed in Trial III. Results from Trials IV and V revealed that ESBM can replace up to 70% of FM digestible protein (DP) in the diet of red drum. Two soy products (SP) were evaluated as partial substitutes for FM DP in the diet of advanced juvenile red drum in Trial VI. Results revealed that 86% of FM DP can be substituted with a combination of SPC and either SP, while the supplementation of a yeast-based prebiotic (GroBiotic®-A; GBA) in a SP-based diet did not improve fish performance. In Trials VII and VIII, effects of both diet type and GBA supplementation on the gut microbiota composition of red drum were observed. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA and principal component analyses of MiSeq-sequenced genome indicated differences and similarities in microbiota diversity. An overwhelming dominance of the phylum Proteobacteria or Cyanobacteria was observed in distinct treatments. The present research indicates that the aquafeed industry may utilized PP feedstuffs to replace dietary FM protein from 50 to 86% without compromising production performance of early-stage as well as advanced juvenile red drum. Further research is recommended to elucidate the role of prebiotics in the nutrition of red drum. Advisors/Committee Members: Gatlin, III, Delbert M (advisor), Hume, Michael E (committee member), Helland, Ståle J (committee member), Smith, Stephen B (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Aquaculture; Aquafeed; Fishmeal; Plant; Protein; Red drum; Sciaenops ocellatus; Carnivorous

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APA (6^th Edition):

Rossi Junior, W. (2015). A New Spin on the Optimization of Plant-Protein-Based Diets for Red Drum, Sciaenops ocellatus L. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155595

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Rossi Junior, Waldemar. “A New Spin on the Optimization of Plant-Protein-Based Diets for Red Drum, Sciaenops ocellatus L.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155595.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Rossi Junior, Waldemar. “A New Spin on the Optimization of Plant-Protein-Based Diets for Red Drum, Sciaenops ocellatus L.” 2015. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Rossi Junior W. A New Spin on the Optimization of Plant-Protein-Based Diets for Red Drum, Sciaenops ocellatus L. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155595.

Council of Science Editors:

Rossi Junior W. A New Spin on the Optimization of Plant-Protein-Based Diets for Red Drum, Sciaenops ocellatus L. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155595

7. Norman, Keri Noelle. Comparison of the Prevalence and Genotypic Characteristics of Clostridium difficile in a Closed and Integrated Human and Swine Population in Texas.

Degree: PhD, Biomedical Sciences, 2011, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-08-8536

► Clostridium difficile has been recognized as one of the leading causes of nosocomial diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis in human hospitals and nursing homes since the… (more)

▼ Clostridium difficile has been recognized as one of the leading causes of nosocomial diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis in human hospitals and nursing homes since the 1970s; however, recent occurrences of community-acquired cases have led researchers to search for additional sources of these infections. Some of the possible sources being investigated include food animals and retail meat. The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence and genotypic characteristics of C. difficile isolated from a closed population in Texas consisting of both humans and swine. Implicit in this objective, we seek to investigate the possible food safety and occupational risks associated with swine and C. difficile. Isolation of C. difficile was performed utilizing an enrichment technique and restrictive media. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to test for the presence of the toxin A and B genes, the tcdC gene deletion, and the binary toxin gene. Genotypic characteristics were compared using PCR toxinotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested using commercially available tests (ETest®) for 11 different antibiotics. Statistical comparisons (both parametric and non-parametric, and appropriate to the data) were performed both between and among host species. We tested 2,292 aggregated human wastewater samples and 2,936 swine fecal samples from 2004 to 2006 and found 271 (11.8 percent) and 252 (8.6 percent) to be positive for C. difficile, respectively. The prevalence of C. difficile among swine production groups differed significantly (p<0.05); however, prevalence in the human occupational group cohorts (swine workers and non-workers) did not differ (p=0.81). The majority of the human and swine isolates were a PFGE NAP7 (a variant pattern with 90.5 percent similarity) toxinotype V strain. Antimicrobial resistance levels and multi-resistance patterns were generally similar between host species; however, there was decreased susceptibility (p<0.05) to ampicillin, clindamycin, and imipenem observed in swine isolates, whereas there was decreased susceptibility (p<0.05) to ciprofloxacin in the human isolates. The similarity in C. difficile prevalence between swine workers and non-workers suggests a low occupational hazard of working with swine as it relates to C. difficile source. We also found that there is a decreased prevalence of C. difficile in late production groups in swine suggesting a lowered risk of food-borne exposure. However, the majority of the isolates derived from the human wastewater and swine appeared to be of very similar strain types, suggesting that a common environmental point source predominates for both hosts. Advisors/Committee Members: Norby, Bo (advisor), Scott, H. Morgan (advisor), Harvey, Roger (committee member), Hume, Michael (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Clostridium difficile; epidemiology; food safety; swine; wastewater; molecular biology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Norman, K. N. (2011). Comparison of the Prevalence and Genotypic Characteristics of Clostridium difficile in a Closed and Integrated Human and Swine Population in Texas. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-08-8536

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Norman, Keri Noelle. “Comparison of the Prevalence and Genotypic Characteristics of Clostridium difficile in a Closed and Integrated Human and Swine Population in Texas.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-08-8536.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Norman, Keri Noelle. “Comparison of the Prevalence and Genotypic Characteristics of Clostridium difficile in a Closed and Integrated Human and Swine Population in Texas.” 2011. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Norman KN. Comparison of the Prevalence and Genotypic Characteristics of Clostridium difficile in a Closed and Integrated Human and Swine Population in Texas. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-08-8536.

Council of Science Editors:

Norman KN. Comparison of the Prevalence and Genotypic Characteristics of Clostridium difficile in a Closed and Integrated Human and Swine Population in Texas. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-08-8536

8. Burr, Gary Stephen. Effects of prebiotics on growth performance, nutrient utilization and the gastrointestinal tract microbial community of hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis) and red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus).

Degree: PhD, Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, 2009, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2614

► A series of experiments examined the effects of four potential prebiotics – GroBiotic®-A (a mixture of partially autolyzed brewers yeast, dairy components and dried fermentation products),… (more)

▼ A series of experiments examined the effects of four potential prebiotics – GroBiotic®-A (a mixture of partially autolyzed brewers yeast, dairy components and dried fermentation products), mannanoligosaccharide (MOS), galactooligosaccharide (GOS), and inulin/ fructooligosaccharide (FOS) – on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract’s microbial community in hybrid striped bass and red drum. The first in vitro experiment applied denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) to examine responses of red drum GI tract microbiota to anaerobic incubation with brewers yeast, FOS, and GroBiotic®-A. Brewers yeast and GroBiotic®-A produced unique microbial communities compared to that associated with the basal diet. Volatile fatty acid (VFA) profiles did not differ among treatments, with acetate being the major fermentation product. A second in vitro experiment examined effects of GroBiotic®-A, MOS, GOS, and FOS on the GI tract microbiota of hybrid striped bass. None of the prebiotics altered the culturable microbial community, but all tended to lower acetate production and increase butyrate production. A third experiment examined the effects of the four prebiotics fed to juvenile hybrid striped bass for 8 weeks. Growth, feed efficiency ratio (FER) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were not affected by the different prebiotics, but the GI tract’s microbial community was altered from that associated with the basal diet. The fourth experiment consisted of an 8-week feeding trial and one 6-week feeding trial in which the effects of GroBiotic®-A and FOS on growth performance and microbial community composition were compared for red drum living in independent tanks versus tanks with a shared water system. Neither the intestinal microbial community nor growth performance were significantly altered by the prebiotics in these trials; fish in independent and shared water tanks produced similar results. The final experiment examined the effects of GroBiotic®-A, FOS, MOS and GOS on nutrient and energy digestibility of sub-adult red drum fed diets containing fish meal and soybean meal. The prebiotics generally increased protein, organic matter, and energy digestibility, with the exception of FOS/inulin. Lipid digestibility was decreased by GOS, MOS and FOS. These studies are the first to establish that prebiotics can alter the GI tract microbial community of these fish and influence nutrient digestibility. Advisors/Committee Members: Gatlin, Delbert M. (advisor), Hume, Michael (committee member), Neill, William H. (committee member), Ricke, Steven C. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: prebiotics; nutrition

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APA (6^th Edition):

Burr, G. S. (2009). Effects of prebiotics on growth performance, nutrient utilization and the gastrointestinal tract microbial community of hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis) and red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2614

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Burr, Gary Stephen. “Effects of prebiotics on growth performance, nutrient utilization and the gastrointestinal tract microbial community of hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis) and red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus).” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2614.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Burr, Gary Stephen. “Effects of prebiotics on growth performance, nutrient utilization and the gastrointestinal tract microbial community of hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis) and red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus).” 2009. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Burr GS. Effects of prebiotics on growth performance, nutrient utilization and the gastrointestinal tract microbial community of hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis) and red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2614.

Council of Science Editors:

Burr GS. Effects of prebiotics on growth performance, nutrient utilization and the gastrointestinal tract microbial community of hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis) and red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2614

9. Anderson, Phelue Nigel. The use of PCR-based methodologies to characterize salmonella serotypes of poultry origin.

Degree: PhD, Poultry Science, 2009, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-3045

► Three studies were conducted to investigate the use of molecular techniques to identify Salmonella serotypes in poultry. In the first experiment, two polymerase chain reaction… (more)

▼ Three studies were conducted to investigate the use of molecular techniques to identify Salmonella serotypes in poultry. In the first experiment, two polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based techniques: denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) were used to analyze Salmonella serotype isolates from two turkey processing plants (A and B). Genotypic patterns of each isolate were compared with those of known serotypes identified by traditional antibody precipitation methods. In Plant A, four different Salmonella serotypes were identified: Derby, Hadar, Montevideo, and Senftenberg. In plant B, ten serotypes were identified: Agona, Anatum, Brandenburg, Derby, Hadar, Meleagridis, Montevideo, Reading, Senftenberg, and Typhimurium. S. Derby was predominant in Plant A (83%) while S. Typhimurium was the most common serotype recovered in Plant B (39%). Overall, DGGE was more sensitive than PAGE. Isolates of the same serotypes were all grouped together by DGGE, while PAGE failed to group all like serotypes. Next, DGGE and REP-PCR were used as genotyping tools for identifying Salmonella. Fifty-four Salmonella isolates from two turkey processing plants (A and B) were evaluated. The isolates were comprised of the following serotypes: Brandenburg, Derby, Hadar, and Typhimurium (n = 6, 21, 12, and 15, respectively). Both methods were very sensitive and detected diverse fingerprint profiles among the isolates. The data suggested that REP-PCR and DGGE are useful tools for identifying Salmonella serotypes in research trials of this type. The final trial was carried out to track Salmonella serotypes throughout an integrated poultry operation using DGGE. Four flocks were sampled from grow-out through processing. The data showed that there was correlation between Salmonella serotypes found on processed carcasses and during grow-out. In addition, the isolates were compared against 15 known serotypes in our data base and only S. Hadar from the data base matched the unknown Salmonella isolates. Overall, these studies demonstrate that PCR-based methods could be considered as an alternative to conventional methods of antibody-based serotyping. Molecular methods were found to be reliable, sensitive, inexpensive, reproducible, and less labor intensive than conventional methods. Advisors/Committee Members: Caldwell, David J. (advisor), Castillo, Alejandro (committee member), Byrd, J. Allen (committee member), Hume, Michael (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Salmonella; PCR-based Methods

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APA (6^th Edition):

Anderson, P. N. (2009). The use of PCR-based methodologies to characterize salmonella serotypes of poultry origin. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-3045

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Anderson, Phelue Nigel. “The use of PCR-based methodologies to characterize salmonella serotypes of poultry origin.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-3045.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Anderson, Phelue Nigel. “The use of PCR-based methodologies to characterize salmonella serotypes of poultry origin.” 2009. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Anderson PN. The use of PCR-based methodologies to characterize salmonella serotypes of poultry origin. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-3045.

Council of Science Editors:

Anderson PN. The use of PCR-based methodologies to characterize salmonella serotypes of poultry origin. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-3045

Texas A&M University

10. Soni, Kamleshkumar A. Influence of autoinducer 2 (ai-2) and ai-2-like inhibitors generated from ground beef on escherichia coli o157:h7 protein expression.

Degree: PhD, Food Science and Technology, 2009, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2747

► Autoinducer 2 (AI-2) molecules produced by bacterial cells are thought to be involved in controlling a variety of bacterial cellular processes by coordinated gene and… (more)

▼ Autoinducer 2 (AI-2) molecules produced by bacterial cells are thought to be involved in controlling a variety of bacterial cellular processes by coordinated gene and protein expression. Previous work in our laboratory has shown that ground beef contains compounds that can interfere with AI-2-mediated bioluminescence expression in Vibrio. harveyi. The underlying hypothesis of this work was that AI-2 molecules affect the protein expression in Escherichia coli O157:H7 and AI-2 inhibitory molecules negate the influence of AI-2 molecules. The main objectives of this study were to identify, characterize, and isolate the factors responsible for inhibition of AI-2 molecules from ground beef extracts, elucidate the role of LuxS/AI-2 cell signaling system in E. coli O157:H7 protein expression, and determine if inhibitory factors present in ground beef extract can negate the influence of AI-2 molecules on the protein expression. Using a solvent extraction procedure and gas chromatography analysis, AI-2 inhibitory factors present in ground beef extracts were identified as both medium and long chain fatty acids. When identified fatty acids were tested at different concentrations for AI-2 inhibition, AI-2 inhibition ranging from 25% to 90% was observed. Both ground beef extracts and mixture of selected fatty acids also resulted in 2- to 4-fold reduced AI-2 influenced biofilm formation by E. coli K12 cells. Identification of LuxS/AI-2-mediated protein expression in E. coli O157:H7 was conducted using two dimensional gel electrophoresis. Protein expression analysis showed that the LuxS/AI-2 system modulates the expression of proteins involved in different cellular processes such as carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, stress response, and formation of flagella and motility. When AI-2 inhibitory factors were added along with AI-2 molecules, the expression patterns of three AI-2-influenced proteins (GlmS, SpeE, and NikA) were changed suggesting that AI-2 inhibitors can negate the influence of AI-2 molecules on protein expression of selected proteins. Collectively, these results highlight that proteins associated with different cellular processes in E. coli O157:H7 can be modulated depending on whether cells are in contact with AI-2 molecules in the presence or absence of AI-2 inhibitory factors. Advisors/Committee Members: Pillai, Suresh (advisor), Berghman, Luc (committee member), Hume, Michael (committee member), Jayaraman, Arul (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: E. coli; Quorum sensing; AI-2; Inhibitors

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APA (6^th Edition):

Soni, K. A. (2009). Influence of autoinducer 2 (ai-2) and ai-2-like inhibitors generated from ground beef on escherichia coli o157:h7 protein expression. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2747

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Soni, Kamleshkumar A. “Influence of autoinducer 2 (ai-2) and ai-2-like inhibitors generated from ground beef on escherichia coli o157:h7 protein expression.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2747.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Soni, Kamleshkumar A. “Influence of autoinducer 2 (ai-2) and ai-2-like inhibitors generated from ground beef on escherichia coli o157:h7 protein expression.” 2009. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Soni KA. Influence of autoinducer 2 (ai-2) and ai-2-like inhibitors generated from ground beef on escherichia coli o157:h7 protein expression. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2747.

Council of Science Editors:

Soni KA. Influence of autoinducer 2 (ai-2) and ai-2-like inhibitors generated from ground beef on escherichia coli o157:h7 protein expression. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2747

Texas A&M University

11. Soni, Kamleshkumar Arvindkumar. AI-2-like acttivity mediated E. coli O157:H7 survival and virulence gene expression in the presence of ground beef extracts.

Degree: MS, Food Science and Technology, 2006, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3967

► Cell-to-cell communication, termed quorum sensing, mediated by AI-2 like activity, has been reported to regulate the expression of a variety of genes in E. coli… (more)

▼ Cell-to-cell communication, termed quorum sensing, mediated by AI-2 like activity, has been reported to regulate the expression of a variety of genes in E. coli O157:H7. A previous study in our laboratory has shown that foods can contain compounds that can interfere with AI-2 signaling. The underlying hypothesis of our studies is that the autoinducer molecules such as AI-2 are involved in the virulence and survival of enteric bacterial pathogens on food and food ingredients. The influence of AI-2 like activity on the survival and expression of virulence genes (hha and yadK) in E.coli O157:H7 was studied when the organism was stored in different types of ground beef extracts such as: cooked, uncooked, and autoclaved. The survival was observed at refrigeration temperature, while change in gene expression was studied using real-time PCR. Higher survival was observed in the cell exposed to cell free supernatant (CFS) containing AI-2 like molecules, compared to the one which was exposed to heat degraded AI-2 like molecules. The survival of cells was higher when exposed to cooked ground beef extracts compared to uncooked and autoclaved ground beef extracts. Similarly, higher gene expressions of both hha and yadK genes were observed in cells that were exposed to cooked beef extract samples as compared to samples that wereuncooked or autoclaved. About a 2 fold higher gene expression for both hha and yadK gene was observed when cells were subjected to cooked ground beef extracts in the presence of AI-2 like molecules compared to the ones exposed to uncooked ground beef extracts in the presence of AI-2 like molecules. Likewise, 3-fold higher gene expression was observed for cells exposed to cooked ground beef extracts compare to autoclaved ground beef extracts in the presence of AI-2 like molecules. The results suggest that the survival and virulence of enteric bacterial pathogens such as E.coli O157:H7 can be influenced by the interaction of food components and autoinducers such as AI-2, that are involved in bacterial cell communications. Advisors/Committee Members: Pillai, Suresh. D (advisor), Hume, Michael. E (committee member), Waghela, Suryakant. D (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: AI-2-LIKE ACTIVITY; E. coli O157:H7; GENE EXPRESSION

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APA (6^th Edition):

Soni, K. A. (2006). AI-2-like acttivity mediated E. coli O157:H7 survival and virulence gene expression in the presence of ground beef extracts. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3967

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Soni, Kamleshkumar Arvindkumar. “AI-2-like acttivity mediated E. coli O157:H7 survival and virulence gene expression in the presence of ground beef extracts.” 2006. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3967.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Soni, Kamleshkumar Arvindkumar. “AI-2-like acttivity mediated E. coli O157:H7 survival and virulence gene expression in the presence of ground beef extracts.” 2006. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Soni KA. AI-2-like acttivity mediated E. coli O157:H7 survival and virulence gene expression in the presence of ground beef extracts. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2006. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3967.

Council of Science Editors:

Soni KA. AI-2-like acttivity mediated E. coli O157:H7 survival and virulence gene expression in the presence of ground beef extracts. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2006. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3967

Texas A&M University

12. Hassan, Sherif Mohamed. Antimicrobial activities of saponin-rich guar meal extract.

Degree: PhD, Nutrition, 2009, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2791

► Three saponin-rich extracts (20, 60, 100% methanol), four 100% methanol subfractions and seven independently acquired fractions (A-G) from guar meal, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. (syn. C.… (more)

▼ Three saponin-rich extracts (20, 60, 100% methanol), four 100% methanol subfractions and seven independently acquired fractions (A-G) from guar meal, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. (syn. C. psoraloides), were evaluated for antimicrobial and hemolytic activities. These activities were compared against quillaja bark (Quillaja saponaria), yucca (Yucca schidigera), and soybean (Glycine max) saponins in 96-well plates using eight concentrations (0.01 to 1.0 and 0.1 to 12.5 mg extract/mL). Initial guar meal butanol extract was 4.8 ± 0.6% of the weight of original material dry matter (DM). Butanol extract was purified by preparative reverse-phase C-18 chromatography. Two fractions eluted with 20, and one each with 60, and 100% methanol with average yields of 1.72 ± 0.47, 0.88 ± 0.16, 0.91 ± 0.16 and 1.55 ± 0.15% of DM, respectively. Further purification of the 100% methanol fraction using normal-phase silica gel preparatory high pressure liquid chromatography eluted 4 peaks at 16, 39, 44 and 46 min. Only the 100% methanol fraction, its 16 min peak, F and G fractions, and quillaja saponin, exhibited both hemolytic and antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhimurium and E. coli, but 20 and 60% methanol fractions stimulated Lactobacillus spp. growth. Guar meal (0 or 5%) was added to diets fed to chicks from 1 to 21 days of age. Chicks fed both diets were unchallenged or challenged with 5 x 103 Eimeria tenella sporulated oocysts at 10 days. Guar meal diets reduced oocysts shed per gram of feces, body weight, and feed efficiency. Adding 2.5% guar meal, 1% guar gum, or 0.125% saponin-rich guar meal extract to diets fed to chicks to 21 days of age showed that guar meal increased the cfu concentrations of digesta more than controls following a challenge with 107 cfu of Clostridium perfringens at 14 days. Body weights of chicks fed guar meal and saponin-rich extract were significantly lower than control body weights at 21 days of age, whereas the weekly feed to gain ratio of chicks fed saponin-rich extract was higher than controls. Guar meal reduced severity of Eimeria tenella infection and guar saponin-rich extract exhibited antimicrobial activity against several common poultry pathogens. Advisors/Committee Members: Cartwright, Aubrey L. (advisor), Bailey, Christopher A. (committee member), Byrd, James A. (committee member), Hume, Michael E. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Saponin; Antibacterial; Antiprotozoal; Coccidia; Guar Meal; Bacteria

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hassan, S. M. (2009). Antimicrobial activities of saponin-rich guar meal extract. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2791

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hassan, Sherif Mohamed. “Antimicrobial activities of saponin-rich guar meal extract.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2791.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hassan, Sherif Mohamed. “Antimicrobial activities of saponin-rich guar meal extract.” 2009. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Hassan SM. Antimicrobial activities of saponin-rich guar meal extract. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2791.

Council of Science Editors:

Hassan SM. Antimicrobial activities of saponin-rich guar meal extract. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2791

Texas A&M University

13. Widmer, Kenneth Walter. Influence of autoinducer 2 (AI-2) and AI-2 inhibitors generated from processed poultry on virulence and growth of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.

Degree: PhD, Food Science and Technology, 2009, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1313

► Bacteria produce and respond to external stimuli using molecules termed autoinducers. Poultry meat contains inhibitors which interfere with AI-2 signaling. The primary objective of this… (more)

▼ Bacteria produce and respond to external stimuli using molecules termed autoinducers. Poultry meat contains inhibitors which interfere with AI-2 signaling. The primary objective of this work was to understand the effects of AI-2 on the virulence and growth of Salmonella Typhimurium, and if the introduction of AI-2 inhibiting compounds would influence these effects. Using DNA microarray analysis, expression of 1136 virulence-related genes in a Salmonella Typhimurium wild type and a luxS mutant strain, PJ002 (unable to produce AI-2), was monitored after exposure to treatments containing in vitro synthesized AI-2 (AI-2) and poultry meat (PM) inhibitors. Responding gene expression was unique in the presence of AI-2, with 23 genes differentially expressed at least 1.5-fold (p < 0.05). The combined AI-2 + PM treatment resulted in 22 genes being differentially expressed. Identification of inhibitory compounds was attempted using GC analysis on a hexane solvent extract obtained from a PM wash. From this analysis, chemical standards of linoleic, oleic, palmitic, and stearic acid were tested for inhibition using V. harveyi BB170. Combined fatty acids (FA) demonstrated inhibition against AI-2 at 60 % while 10-fold and 100-fold concentrations had inhibition of 84 % and 70 %, respectively. Growth of PJoo2, was studied using M-9 minimal medium with FA of varying concentrations, supplemented with either AI-2, or 1X phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Comparative analysis was done calculating the growth constants based on OD 600 values for each treatment. No significant difference in the combined FA + AI-2 treatments was observed against the AI-2 treatment. A significant increase in the growth rate constants of the AI-2 treatments was observed, however, compared to the PBS control (P = 0.01). Bacterial invasiveness, using a murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7, was also studied. AI-2 decreased cell invasiveness (P = 0.02), while the addition of combined FA improved invasiveness to normal levels. The results of these studies indicate that AI-2 does have an effect on the growth and virulence of Salmonella, but this is not uniformly modulated by the introduction of fatty acids, that inhibit AI-2 activity, suggesting that inhibition may be based on species specific transport systems. Advisors/Committee Members: Pillai, Suresh D. (advisor), Berghman, Luc R. (committee member), Hume, Michael E. (committee member), Venkateswaran, Kasthuri (committee member), Zhu, James J. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Salmonella; Quorum Sensing

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APA (6^th Edition):

Widmer, K. W. (2009). Influence of autoinducer 2 (AI-2) and AI-2 inhibitors generated from processed poultry on virulence and growth of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1313

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Widmer, Kenneth Walter. “Influence of autoinducer 2 (AI-2) and AI-2 inhibitors generated from processed poultry on virulence and growth of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1313.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Widmer, Kenneth Walter. “Influence of autoinducer 2 (AI-2) and AI-2 inhibitors generated from processed poultry on virulence and growth of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.” 2009. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Widmer KW. Influence of autoinducer 2 (AI-2) and AI-2 inhibitors generated from processed poultry on virulence and growth of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1313.

Council of Science Editors:

Widmer KW. Influence of autoinducer 2 (AI-2) and AI-2 inhibitors generated from processed poultry on virulence and growth of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1313

Texas A&M University

14. Drinnon, Damon L. J. Use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to genotypically characterize salmonellae grouped by serotype.

Degree: MS, Veterinary Microbiology, 2005, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2185

► The prevention and control of salmonellae in commercial swine operations are becoming increasingly important. The current approach focuses on identifying sources and/or origins of salmonellae… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: salmonellae; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; porcine

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APA (6^th Edition):

Drinnon, D. L. J. (2005). Use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to genotypically characterize salmonellae grouped by serotype. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2185

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Drinnon, Damon L J. “Use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to genotypically characterize salmonellae grouped by serotype.” 2005. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2185.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Drinnon, Damon L J. “Use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to genotypically characterize salmonellae grouped by serotype.” 2005. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Drinnon DLJ. Use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to genotypically characterize salmonellae grouped by serotype. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2005. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2185.

Council of Science Editors:

Drinnon DLJ. Use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to genotypically characterize salmonellae grouped by serotype. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2005. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2185

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