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1.
Du, Christina.
Investigation of Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Isotypes in an Ancestral Mucosal Immune Model.
Degree: MS, Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2012, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-08-10140 
► The importance of gut associated lymphoid tissues has been extensively reported in higher vertebrates, but less is known in lower vertebrates. In mammals immunoglobulin (Ig)A…
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▼ The importance of gut associated lymphoid tissues has been extensively reported in higher vertebrates, but less is known in lower vertebrates. In mammals immunoglobulin (Ig)A is the primary Ig of mucosal immunity. But no IgA has been identified in cold-blooded animals. In higher vertebrates, antigen must stimulate the lymphoid tissues in the intestines to elicit an IgA response, and cytokines from CD4 positive helper T cells are required for B cell switch. It is not known if this is the case in lower vertebrates, or if T cell help evolved before or after class switch recombination between functional antibody isotypes. My study will fill in these gaps in our knowledge by comparing oral antigen inoculation relative to intraperitoneal antigen inoculation in frogs (Xenopus sp.). Oral immunization is a novel approach to eliciting immune responses in Xenopus. I propose that IgX will increase with oral inoculation compared to intraperitoneal injection. This would be the first demonstration of class switch upon oral immunization to a mucosal isotype in the first vertebrates that employs higher vertebrate Ig heavy chain switch mechanism, which would shed light on the most fundamental aspects of our humoral adaptive immune system.
Using a total Ig ELISA protocol, measuring total relative levels of IgM, there was no difference between the first three groups of orally immunized frogs compared to intraperitoneally immunized frogs. However, a response to serum IgX was seen in the first group. On the other hand, the refined Ag-specific ELISA protocol did present a significant increase in serum IgM response in frogs immunized systemically over orally immunized animals, but not an overall IgX response.
Phylogenetic analysis suggests that, contrary to initial reports, IgA evolved from IgX. With consideration of entire constant region and individual constant domain analyses as well as synteny and function, we suggest new hypotheses of vertebrate antibody evolution to be tested as immunogenetic coverage of more species continues to expand.
Advisors/Committee Members: Criscitiello, Michael (advisor), Lawhon, Sara (committee member), Welsh, Jane, Gresham, Vincent (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: IgA; IgX; Xenopus; mucosal; immunization
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APA (6th Edition):
Du, C. (2012). Investigation of Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Isotypes in an Ancestral Mucosal Immune Model. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-08-10140
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Du, Christina. “Investigation of Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Isotypes in an Ancestral Mucosal Immune Model.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-08-10140.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Du, Christina. “Investigation of Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Isotypes in an Ancestral Mucosal Immune Model.” 2012. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Du C. Investigation of Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Isotypes in an Ancestral Mucosal Immune Model. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-08-10140.
Council of Science Editors:
Du C. Investigation of Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Isotypes in an Ancestral Mucosal Immune Model. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-08-10140
Texas A&M University
2.
Fisher, Amanda.
Morphological and Genetic Comparisons between Babesia bovis and Trypanosoma spp. Found in Cattle and White-tailed Deer.
Degree: MS, Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2012, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-08-11676
► Babesia bovis has been an important disease agent in the U.S. cattle industry for over a century. Recently, B. bovis-like parasites have been identified in…
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▼ Babesia bovis has been an important disease agent in the U.S. cattle industry for over a century. Recently, B. bovis-like parasites have been identified in white-tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileus virginianus) in
Texas. If the parasites found in the WTD are B. bovis that are able to infect cattle, the disease could re-emerge. Susceptible adult cattle often die from this disease, which would result in severe production losses, as well as a decrease in carcass weights of disease survivors. The B. bovis-like parasite found in WTD was compared to B. bovis from cattle, by ribosomal DNA sequence analysis. Babesia isolated from WTD were found to have 99% identity to B. bovis from GenBank cattle sequences. No cattle samples in this study were found to be positive for B. bovis. On culture of WTD samples, a Babesia parasite could not be visualized based on common morphological features.
Trypanosoma cervi has been studied for decades, but all the previous research identified this parasite solely by morphology. Trypanosoma species obtained from different host species was compared by ribosomal DNA sequence analyses. In this study, the Trypanosoma cultured from WTD had the morphological appearance of T. cervi. On sequence analysis, the cattle sequences aligned together with cattle isolates and the WTD sequences aligned closely with elk (Cervus canadensis) sequences, indicating that wild ungulates (WTD and elk) and cattle most likely have separate trypanosome species. On distribution analysis there was a trend in three South
Texas counties, where the county with the highest occurrence of Trypanosoma had the lowest occurrence of Babesia; and vice versa. It is possible that Trypanosoma and Babesia blood parasites compete within the mammalian host, but the chi-squared test did not show a significant association between the two parasites in the different counties. On seasonal analysis, the correlation between positive samples and season could not be statistically confirmed, but it appears that Babesia infected animals are found in lowest numbers during hot, dry seasons. It also appears that there is another vector for Trypanosoma in South
Texas besides the ked (Lipoptena mazamae) and tabanid fly (Tabanus spp.).
Advisors/Committee Members: Davis, Donald (advisor), Holman, Patricia J. (advisor), Gresham, Vincent C. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: parasite; Trypanosome; Trypanosoma theileri, Trypanosoma cervi; Babesia; cattle; white-tailed deer
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APA (6th Edition):
Fisher, A. (2012). Morphological and Genetic Comparisons between Babesia bovis and Trypanosoma spp. Found in Cattle and White-tailed Deer. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-08-11676
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Fisher, Amanda. “Morphological and Genetic Comparisons between Babesia bovis and Trypanosoma spp. Found in Cattle and White-tailed Deer.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-08-11676.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Fisher, Amanda. “Morphological and Genetic Comparisons between Babesia bovis and Trypanosoma spp. Found in Cattle and White-tailed Deer.” 2012. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Fisher A. Morphological and Genetic Comparisons between Babesia bovis and Trypanosoma spp. Found in Cattle and White-tailed Deer. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-08-11676.
Council of Science Editors:
Fisher A. Morphological and Genetic Comparisons between Babesia bovis and Trypanosoma spp. Found in Cattle and White-tailed Deer. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-08-11676
3.
Jackson, Erin Elizabeth.
Novel Intraosseous Device Performance and Longevity in a Goat Model (Capra hircus).
Degree: MS, Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2012, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8589
► Two studies were performed to assess the function and longevity of a novel intraosseous (IO) catheter device. For the initial study, nine animals were assigned…
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▼ Two studies were performed to assess the function and longevity of a novel
intraosseous (IO) catheter device. For the initial study, nine animals were assigned to
three study groups. The first group received a 25 mm intraosseous device within the
proximal humerus, the second group within the proximal tibia, and standard jugular
catheters were placed in the final control group. Serial aerobic and anaerobic blood
cultures were collected from jugular veins at day zero, then every third day while
devices remained in use. Radiographs were obtained immediately after placement and
again after removal of all IO devices. Goats were observed for overall clinical condition
and lameness associated with catheter sites, and catheters were evaluated for patency and
proper positioning. IO devices in the tibia remained in for less time than those in the
humerus. Blood cultures in this study showed growth of Bacillus, Staphylococcus, and
one colony within the genera Brachyacterium or novel Dermabacteraceae. Catheters
also showed growth of Bacillus, as well as a single colony of Micromonospora chalcea.
No animals in either IO group exhibited radiographic evidence of resulting damage or
structural change within surrounding bone. In study two, eighteen goats were assigned to two study groups (25 mm intraosseous device within the wing of the ilium, or 45 mm
catheter in the proximal humerus). Blood for serial aerobic and anaerobic blood cultures
and CBC were collected from jugular veins at day zero, then every second day thereafter
while devices remained in use. All clinical monitoring and removal criteria were
identical to study one. Catheters in the ilium remained in significantly less time than
those in the humerus. Several animals in the proximal humerus group demonstrated
moderate lameness following removal. One goat developed an abscess near the insertion
site and showed radiographic evidence of periosteal bone growth. Serial cultures
showed growth of Bacillus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Enterococcus.
Bloodwork indicated mild elevations of white blood cells from baseline in some cases.
Our study indicated that catheters may remain safely in place for greater than 24 hours,
but that animals should be closely monitored for negative side-effects for several days
during the post-removal period.
Advisors/Committee Members: Snowden, Karen (advisor), Gresham, Vincent (committee member), Mouneimne, Barhoumi (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Intraosseous catheter; EZ-IO®
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APA (6th Edition):
Jackson, E. E. (2012). Novel Intraosseous Device Performance and Longevity in a Goat Model (Capra hircus). (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8589
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Jackson, Erin Elizabeth. “Novel Intraosseous Device Performance and Longevity in a Goat Model (Capra hircus).” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8589.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Jackson, Erin Elizabeth. “Novel Intraosseous Device Performance and Longevity in a Goat Model (Capra hircus).” 2012. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Jackson EE. Novel Intraosseous Device Performance and Longevity in a Goat Model (Capra hircus). [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8589.
Council of Science Editors:
Jackson EE. Novel Intraosseous Device Performance and Longevity in a Goat Model (Capra hircus). [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8589
Texas A&M University
4.
Klipsic, Devon K.
SCP-2/SCP-x Gene Ablation Exacerbates High Cholesterol Diet Induced Hepatic Lipid Accumulation.
Degree: MS, Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2015, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155122
► While a high-cholesterol diet has previously been shown to induce hepatic lipid accumulation in mice, the role of the intracellular cholesterol binding/transport proteins sterol carrier…
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▼ While a high-cholesterol diet has previously been shown to induce hepatic lipid accumulation in mice, the role of the intracellular cholesterol binding/transport proteins sterol carrier protein-2/sterol carrier protein-x (SCP-2/SCP-x) in this phenotype is unknown. Therefore, the impact of SCP-2/SCP-x gene ablation (double knockout, DKO) on hepatic and serum lipids as well as hepatic expression of proteins in cholesterol homeostasis was examined in mice fed control- and high-cholesterol diets.
Cryopreserved liver, serum, and bile samples from DKO and wild-type, C57BL/6NCr mice which previously underwent a 29 day diet trial on a control- and high-cholesterol diet were utilized along with phenotypic and food consumption data gathered during the study. Liver, serum and biliary lipids were quantified using standard commercially available diagnostic kits. Hepatic mRNA levels of select genes and expression levels of select hepatic proteins involved in lipid metabolism were quantified via qRT-PCR and standard western blotting techniques.
The high-cholesterol diet alone had no impact on food consumption or body weight gain in WT mice, but elicited hepatic accumulation of free and esterified cholesterol. High-cholesterol diet decreased hepatic expression of the SREBP2 target gene product HMGCR in females, but not other target gene proteins (SR-B1, LDL-R, cHMGCS) in either sex. Concomitantly, high-cholesterol also elicited hepatic glyceride accumulation, especially triglyceride, which was associated with increased hepatic SREBP1 protein and SREBP1 lipogenic target gene expression (Acc1, Fas).
While the DKO did not alter food consumption, a significant decrease in BW gain was appreciated in both high-cholesterol diet and control-fed mice. The DKO also induced hepatic lipid accumulation in control-fed mice, especially of cholesteryl esters and glycerides, which was associated with: i) loss of SCP-2; ii) concomitant upregulation of L-FABP; and/or iii) increased protein levels of SREBP1 and SREBP2. Finally, DKO exacerbated the high-cholesterol diet-induced hepatic cholesterol and glyceride accumulation, but without further altering levels of SREBP2 target genes. Hepatic lipid secretion was impaired due to loss of SCP-2 and reducing Apo B, L-FABP and MTP protein expression. These findings suggested a potential role for SCP-2 in regulating hepatic accumulation of SREBP1 and SREBP2 proteins consistent with the ability of SCP-2 to facilitate intracellular cholesterol trafficking to endoplasmic reticulum from which SREBPs are derived.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kier, Ann B (advisor), Gresham, Vincent (committee member), Schroeder, Friedhelm (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: SCP-2; SCP-x; Mice; Hepatic lipid metabolism; Cholesterol
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APA (6th Edition):
Klipsic, D. K. (2015). SCP-2/SCP-x Gene Ablation Exacerbates High Cholesterol Diet Induced Hepatic Lipid Accumulation. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155122
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Klipsic, Devon K. “SCP-2/SCP-x Gene Ablation Exacerbates High Cholesterol Diet Induced Hepatic Lipid Accumulation.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155122.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Klipsic, Devon K. “SCP-2/SCP-x Gene Ablation Exacerbates High Cholesterol Diet Induced Hepatic Lipid Accumulation.” 2015. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Klipsic DK. SCP-2/SCP-x Gene Ablation Exacerbates High Cholesterol Diet Induced Hepatic Lipid Accumulation. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155122.
Council of Science Editors:
Klipsic DK. SCP-2/SCP-x Gene Ablation Exacerbates High Cholesterol Diet Induced Hepatic Lipid Accumulation. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155122
Texas A&M University
5.
Seelye, Stacie Lynn.
Genomic Organization of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) T Cell Receptor α/δ Locus and Analysis of Expressed Products.
Degree: MS, Biomedical Sciences, 2016, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156980
► In testing the hypothesis that all jawed vertebrate classes employ immunoglobulin heavy chain V (IgHV) gene segments in their T cell receptor (TCR)δ encoding loci,…
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▼ In testing the hypothesis that all jawed vertebrate classes employ immunoglobulin heavy chain V (IgHV) gene segments in their T cell receptor (TCR)δ encoding loci, we found that some basic characterization was required of zebrafish TCRδ. We began by annotating and characterizing the TCRα/δ locus of Danio rerio based on the most recent genome assembly, GRCz10. We identified a total of 141 theoretically functional V segments which we grouped into 41 families based upon 70% nucleotide identity. This number represents the second greatest count of apparently functional V genes thus far described in an antigen receptor locus with the exception of cattle TCRα/δ. Cloning, relative quantitative PCR and deep sequencing results corroborate that zebrafish do express TCRδ, but these data suggest only at extremely low levels and in limited diversity in the spleens of the adult fish. While we found no evidence for IgH-TCRδ rearrangements in this fish, by determining the locus organization we were able to suggest how the evolution of the teleost α/δ locus could have lost IgHVs that exist in sharks and frogs. We also found evidence of surprisingly low TCRδ expression and repertoire diversity in this species.
Advisors/Committee Members: Criscitiello, Michael (advisor), Alaniz, Robert (committee member), Gresham, Vincent (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: T Cell Receptor α/δ; Danio rerio
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APA (6th Edition):
Seelye, S. L. (2016). Genomic Organization of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) T Cell Receptor α/δ Locus and Analysis of Expressed Products. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156980
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Seelye, Stacie Lynn. “Genomic Organization of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) T Cell Receptor α/δ Locus and Analysis of Expressed Products.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156980.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Seelye, Stacie Lynn. “Genomic Organization of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) T Cell Receptor α/δ Locus and Analysis of Expressed Products.” 2016. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Seelye SL. Genomic Organization of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) T Cell Receptor α/δ Locus and Analysis of Expressed Products. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156980.
Council of Science Editors:
Seelye SL. Genomic Organization of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) T Cell Receptor α/δ Locus and Analysis of Expressed Products. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156980
6.
Smith, Briony.
Comparison of Etomidate, Benzocaine, and MS222 Anesthesia with and without Subsequent Flunixin Meglumine Analgesia in African Clawed Frogs (Xenopus Laevis).
Degree: MS, Biomedical Sciences, 2018, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174300
► Often few alternative anesthetics for exotic species are available, due to the small numbers of these animals used in research. In this study, we evaluated…
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▼ Often few alternative anesthetics for exotic species are available, due to the small numbers
of these animals used in research. In this study, we evaluated the depth and duration of anesthesia
in Xenopus laevis after their immersion in 3 doses of etomidate (15, 22.5, and 30 mg/L) and in 3
doses of benzocaine (0.1%, 0.5%, and 1%) compared with the ‘gold standard,’ tricaine
methanesulfonate (MS222; 2 g/L). We then chose an optimal dose for each alternative anesthetic
according to induction time, duration of surgical plane, and time to complete recovery. The optimal
etomidate and benzocaine doses (22.5 mg/L and 0.1%, respectively) as well as the MS222 dose
were then used to achieve a surgical plane of anesthesia, with the addition of flunixin meglumine
(25 or 50 mg/kg) administered in the dorsal lymph sac at the completion of mock oocyte harvest.
Efficacy of the analgesic was assessed at 1, 3, 6, and 24 h postoperatively by using acetic acid
testing (AAT). Histology of the liver, kidney, and tissues surrounding the dorsal lymph sac was
performed at day 3, 14, and 28 in each group of animals.
Mild to moderate myocyte degeneration and necrosis were present in tissues surrounding
the dorsal lymph sac at both flunixin meglumine doses after etomidate and benzocaine anesthesia.
In addition, the 50-mg/kg dose of flunixin meglumine resulted in the death of 5 of the 12 frogs
within 24 h, despite an otherwise uneventful anesthetic recovery. In conclusion, benzocaine and
etomidate offer alternative anesthetic regimens, according to typical requirements for an anesthetic
event. Flunixin meglumine at the 25-mg/ kg dose provided analgesic relief at the latest time point
during etomidate dosage and at all time points during benzocaine dosage, but further
characterization is warranted regarding long-term or repeated analgesic administration.
Advisors/Committee Members: Vemulapalli, Tracy (advisor), Baetge, Courtney (advisor), Elliott, James (committee member), Gresham, Vincent (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Xenopus; MS222; Flunixin Meglumine; Etomidate; Benzocaine
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Smith, B. (2018). Comparison of Etomidate, Benzocaine, and MS222 Anesthesia with and without Subsequent Flunixin Meglumine Analgesia in African Clawed Frogs (Xenopus Laevis). (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174300
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Smith, Briony. “Comparison of Etomidate, Benzocaine, and MS222 Anesthesia with and without Subsequent Flunixin Meglumine Analgesia in African Clawed Frogs (Xenopus Laevis).” 2018. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 08, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174300.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Smith, Briony. “Comparison of Etomidate, Benzocaine, and MS222 Anesthesia with and without Subsequent Flunixin Meglumine Analgesia in African Clawed Frogs (Xenopus Laevis).” 2018. Web. 08 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Smith B. Comparison of Etomidate, Benzocaine, and MS222 Anesthesia with and without Subsequent Flunixin Meglumine Analgesia in African Clawed Frogs (Xenopus Laevis). [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174300.
Council of Science Editors:
Smith B. Comparison of Etomidate, Benzocaine, and MS222 Anesthesia with and without Subsequent Flunixin Meglumine Analgesia in African Clawed Frogs (Xenopus Laevis). [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174300
. 
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