+publisher:"Texas A&M University" +contributor:("Carstens, Gordon E.")

Texas A&M University

1. Jenks, Monica Lynn. Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Supplementation During Receiving and Finishing Periods on Growth, Efficiency, Behavioral, and Health Responses in Beef Cattle.

Degree: MS, Animal Science, 2016, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/187425

► Objectives of Study I were to evaluate the effects of live yeast (LY; Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii strain I-1079; 0.35 x 10⁹ cfu/g ProTernative™) supplementation during… (more)

▼ Objectives of Study I were to evaluate the effects of live yeast (LY; Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii strain I-1079; 0.35 x 10⁹ cfu/g ProTernative™) supplementation during the receiving period on growth efficiency, feeding behavior, activity and vaginal temperature in 72 newly weaned beef heifers (initial BW of 203 ± 22 kg). Heifers were shipped stressed before being allotted to 1 of 4 pens each equipped with 3 GrowSafe feed bunks, and assigned to 1 of 2 treatments (n = 36) consisting of standard receiving diet (ME 2.36 Mcal/kg, CP 16.5% DM) without LY, and control diet containing LY (5 g ProTernative/kg diet; Lallemand Animal Nutrition). Temperature sensors (iButton™) were placed intra-vaginally to record temperature, and accelerometer devices (HOBO™ ) attached (hind leg) to measure physical activity for the first 14 d (n = 18). LY treatment did not affect morbidity rate (10.4%), vaginal temperature (39.2 ± 0.2 °C), or frequency (16.6 ± 2.2 events/d) and duration (46 ± 5 min/event) of standing bouts. ADG tended (P ˂ 0.1) to be greater for LY heifers during the first 28 d (0.625 vs 0.432 ± 0.08 kg/d), but was not affected by LY treatment during the 56-d study. LY heifers consumed more (P < 0.05) meals (16.8 vs 14.6 vs. ± 1.1 events/d) that were shorter (P = 0.08) in length (12.8 vs 14.9 ± 1.2 min/event) and smaller (P < 0.05) in size (0.48 vs 0.55 ± 0.04 kg/event) compared to control heifers. Moreover, heterogeneities of DMI (SD = 0.59 vs 0.92 kg/d) and RFI (SD = 0.48 vs 0.73 kg/d) were less (P < 0.05) in LY than control heifers. Objectives of Study II were to evaluate the effects of LY (Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CNCM I-1077; 0.35 x 109 cfu/g Levucell™) supplementation during the receiving period on growth efficiency, feeding behavior, activity and ruminal temperature in 72 finishing beef steers (initial BW of 435 ± 27 kg). Steers were allotted to 1 of 6 pens each equipped with GrowSafe feed bunks, and assigned to 1 of 3 treatments (n = 24) consisting of standard finishing diet (ME 1.84 Mcal/kg, CP 12.7% DM) without LY, and control diet containing LY (4.5 g Levucell SC/kg diet; Lallemand Animal Nutrition) or control diet containing LY + extract (4.5 g Levucell SC + extract/kg diet; Lallemand Animal Nutrition). Ruminal temperature sensors (BellaAg) were placed, and accelerometer devices (HOBO™ ) attached (hind leg) to measure physical activity 14 d intervals during the 70 d trial (n = 30). LY treatment did not affect ruminal temperature (39.7 ± 0.1 °C), or frequency (13.9 ± 5.94 events/d) and duration (58.6 ± 1.47 min/event) of standing bouts. LY treatment did not affect performance, growth, or carcass traits in finishing steers. LY steers consumed meals that were longer (P = 0.04) in length (19.81 vs 15.4 and 17 ± 1.2 min/event) and at a slower (P < 0.01) eating rate (79.9 vs 102.1 and 98.8 ± 4.37 g/min) compared to control and LY + extract steers. Supplementation with LY may have favorably affected meal patterns of newly weaned beef heifers and in finishing steers. LY treatment did not affect growth… Advisors/Committee Members: Carstens, Gordon E (advisor), Sawyer, Jason E (committee member), Pinchak, William E (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Live-Yeast; Meal Pattern

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APA (6^th Edition):

Jenks, M. L. (2016). Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Supplementation During Receiving and Finishing Periods on Growth, Efficiency, Behavioral, and Health Responses in Beef Cattle. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/187425

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jenks, Monica Lynn. “Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Supplementation During Receiving and Finishing Periods on Growth, Efficiency, Behavioral, and Health Responses in Beef Cattle.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/187425.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jenks, Monica Lynn. “Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Supplementation During Receiving and Finishing Periods on Growth, Efficiency, Behavioral, and Health Responses in Beef Cattle.” 2016. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Jenks ML. Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Supplementation During Receiving and Finishing Periods on Growth, Efficiency, Behavioral, and Health Responses in Beef Cattle. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/187425.

Council of Science Editors:

Jenks ML. Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Supplementation During Receiving and Finishing Periods on Growth, Efficiency, Behavioral, and Health Responses in Beef Cattle. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/187425

Texas A&M University

2. Mendes, Egleu Diomedes Marinho. Characterization of Feeding Behavior Traits and Associations with Performance and Feed Efficiency in Finishing Beef Cattle.

Degree: MS, Animal Science, 2011, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-08-8157

► The first objective of this study was to validate the feeding behavior measurements from a radio frequency electronic system (GrowSafe (TM) System Ltd., Airdrie, AB,… (more)

▼ The first objective of this study was to validate the feeding behavior measurements from a radio frequency electronic system (GrowSafe (TM) System Ltd., Airdrie, AB, Canada) and examine the software sensitivity to different parameter settings (MPS) to quantify feeding behavior traits. Data was continuously recorded 24 h per day using the GrowSafe™ system for 32 heifers over 81-d. Ten animals were randomly selected and evaluated over 6-d using time-lapse video recordings. Different parameter settings (MPS) from the electronic system (GrowSafe (TM)) used to record feeding behavior data, bunk visits (BV) frequency and BV duration, were compared with the observed (video) values. The second objective of this study was to quantify meal criterion; examine the associations between feeding behavior traits, performance, and feed efficiency; and the effects of breed type on feed efficiency (residual feed intake - RFI) and feeding behavior traits in heifers fed high-grain diets. Results from study one demonstrated that the GrowSafe (TM) system 4000E could accurately predict BV and meal data compared to observed data. The 100 s, used for the maximum duration between consecutive EID recordings to end an uninterrupted BV, was the appropriate MPS to predict BV frequency and duration, and meal frequency and duration compared to observed data using the GrowSafe (TM) 4000E system. The system’s ability to detect the animal’s presence or absence at the feed bunk was 86.4 and 99.6 percent, respectively. Results from the second study demonstrated that the meal criterion for heifers fed high-grain diets was 13.8 min. The 4 methods to calculate meal criterion demonstrated no differences in results of frequencies and durations of meal and the number of bunk visits per meal. Similar phenotypic correlations were found between the feeding behavior traits with RFI derived from the base model or with adjustments for final back fat. The adjustment of RFI to final back fat changed the RFI rank between breeds. The addition of feeding behavior traits to the RFI base model could accounted up to 40.4 percent of the variation in DMI not explained by ADG or MBW. Advisors/Committee Members: Carstens, Gordon E. (advisor), Tedeschi, Luis O. (advisor), Pinchak, William E. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Residual feed intake Beef cattle Feeding behavior

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mendes, E. D. M. (2011). Characterization of Feeding Behavior Traits and Associations with Performance and Feed Efficiency in Finishing Beef Cattle. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-08-8157

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mendes, Egleu Diomedes Marinho. “Characterization of Feeding Behavior Traits and Associations with Performance and Feed Efficiency in Finishing Beef Cattle.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-08-8157.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mendes, Egleu Diomedes Marinho. “Characterization of Feeding Behavior Traits and Associations with Performance and Feed Efficiency in Finishing Beef Cattle.” 2011. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Mendes EDM. Characterization of Feeding Behavior Traits and Associations with Performance and Feed Efficiency in Finishing Beef Cattle. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-08-8157.

Council of Science Editors:

Mendes EDM. Characterization of Feeding Behavior Traits and Associations with Performance and Feed Efficiency in Finishing Beef Cattle. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-08-8157

Texas A&M University

3. Bailey, Jayton. Feed Intake and Feeding Behavior Associations with Performance and Feed Efficiency of Feedlot Cattle Fed a Corn-based Diet.

Degree: MS, Animal Science, 2012, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-12-10250

► The objective of the first study was to determine which combination of bimodal (2-population) distribution models best fit non-feeding interval data to distinguish intervals within… (more)

▼ The objective of the first study was to determine which combination of bimodal (2-population) distribution models best fit non-feeding interval data to distinguish intervals within (1st population) and between (2nd population) meals in beef cattle fed a corn-based diet. Feeding behavior traits were measured in 119 heifers fed a corn-based diet using a GrowSafe system. Bimodal distribution models were fitted to the log10-transformed interval lengths between bunk visit (BV) events for each animal using Gaussian (G); Weibull (W); Log-Normal; Gamma and Gumbel statistical functions. Criterion (AIC) and likelihood probability estimates. Objectives of the second study were to quantify individual meal criterion and examine the associations between feeding behavior traits, performance, and feed efficiency traits in heifers fed a corn-based diet. Results from study one indicate that the G-W bimodal distribution model is a statistically better fitting and likely a more appropriate model to define meal criterion compared to the standard G-G model used in previous literature. Results from the second study suggest that the meal criterion for heifers fed a corn-based diet is 11.48 min when applying the G-W bimodal model to log-transformed interval lengths between BV events. Moderate phenotypic correlations between feed efficiency (residual feed intake- RFI) and several feeding behavior traits were found. Inclusion of these feeding behavior traits to the base model for RFI accounted for an additional 25% of the variation in DMI not explained by ADG or mid-test BW0.75. Significant (P < 0.05) differences in 11 observed feeding behavior traits between RFI classification groups were also found suggesting that differences in feeding behaviors may contribute to the variation in RFI due to differences in energetic costs related to feeding activities. Advisors/Committee Members: Carstens, Gordon E. (advisor), Sawyer, Jason E. (committee member), Tedeschi, Luis O. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Beef Cattle; Bimodal Distribution; Feeding Behavior; Meal Criterion

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Bailey, J. (2012). Feed Intake and Feeding Behavior Associations with Performance and Feed Efficiency of Feedlot Cattle Fed a Corn-based Diet. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-12-10250

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bailey, Jayton. “Feed Intake and Feeding Behavior Associations with Performance and Feed Efficiency of Feedlot Cattle Fed a Corn-based Diet.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-12-10250.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bailey, Jayton. “Feed Intake and Feeding Behavior Associations with Performance and Feed Efficiency of Feedlot Cattle Fed a Corn-based Diet.” 2012. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Bailey J. Feed Intake and Feeding Behavior Associations with Performance and Feed Efficiency of Feedlot Cattle Fed a Corn-based Diet. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-12-10250.

Council of Science Editors:

Bailey J. Feed Intake and Feeding Behavior Associations with Performance and Feed Efficiency of Feedlot Cattle Fed a Corn-based Diet. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-12-10250

Texas A&M University

4. Walter, Joel. Effects of Residual Feed Intake Classification on Feed Efficiency, Feeding Behavior, Carcass Traits, and Net Revenue in Angus-Based Composite Steers.

Degree: MS, Animal Science, 2012, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-12-10673

► The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of residual feed intake (RFI) classification on performance, feed efficiency, feeding behavior and carcass traits,… (more)

▼ The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of residual feed intake (RFI) classification on performance, feed efficiency, feeding behavior and carcass traits, and to determine the relative importance of individual performance and carcass measurements on between-animal variation in net revenue of feedlot steers. Performance, feed intake and feeding behavior traits were measured in 508 Angus-based composite steers, using the GrowSafe feed-intake measurement system, while fed a high-grain diet for 70 days. Residual feed intake (RFI) was computed as actual minus expected dry matter intake (DMI) derived from regression of DMI on average daily gain (ADG) and mid-test BW0.75, and steers classified into low (n = 150), medium (n = 200) and high (n = 158) RFI groups. Following the feed-intake measurement periods, steers were fed the same diet in group pens and harvested at an average backfat thickness of 1.14 cm. Net revenue (NR) was calculated as carcass value minus feeder calf, yardage, and feed costs using 3-year average prices. Feed cost was based on actual feed consumed during the feed-intake measurement periods, and model-predicted intake adjusted for RFI during the group-feeding periods. Steers with low RFI had 48/hd lower (P < 0.0001) feed cost, 16/hd numerically higher (P = 0.29) carcass value, and 62/hd more favorable (P < 0.0001) net revenue compared to their high-RFI counterparts. Net revenue was correlated with carcass weight, marbling score, yield grade, DMI, ADG, RFI and G:F ratio where animals that consumed more feed, had higher rates of gain and were more efficient had more favorable net returns. Models predicting net revenue from performance, carcass quality, and feed efficiency traits accounted for 77% of the between-animal variation in NR. In the base model, that included all traits performance, carcass quality and feed efficiency traits explained 28, 14 and 35%, respectively, of the variation in NR. Results from this study indicate that between-animal variation in net revenue was impacted to a great extent by performance and feed efficiency, rather than carcass quality traits, in Angus-based composite steers based on average 3-year pricing scenarios. Advisors/Committee Members: Carstens, Gordon E. (advisor), Anderson, David P. (committee member), Sawyer, Jason E. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Beef Cattle; Residual Feed Intake; Feeding Behavior; Net Revenue

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Walter, J. (2012). Effects of Residual Feed Intake Classification on Feed Efficiency, Feeding Behavior, Carcass Traits, and Net Revenue in Angus-Based Composite Steers. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-12-10673

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Walter, Joel. “Effects of Residual Feed Intake Classification on Feed Efficiency, Feeding Behavior, Carcass Traits, and Net Revenue in Angus-Based Composite Steers.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-12-10673.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Walter, Joel. “Effects of Residual Feed Intake Classification on Feed Efficiency, Feeding Behavior, Carcass Traits, and Net Revenue in Angus-Based Composite Steers.” 2012. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Walter J. Effects of Residual Feed Intake Classification on Feed Efficiency, Feeding Behavior, Carcass Traits, and Net Revenue in Angus-Based Composite Steers. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-12-10673.

Council of Science Editors:

Walter J. Effects of Residual Feed Intake Classification on Feed Efficiency, Feeding Behavior, Carcass Traits, and Net Revenue in Angus-Based Composite Steers. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-12-10673

Texas A&M University

5. Jackson, Kirby Shaw. Associations of Feeding Behavior Patterns with Inter-Animal Variation in Feed Efficiency and Pre-Clinical Responses to Infectious Disease in Beef Cattle.

Degree: MS, Animal Science, 2015, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174807

► The objective of study 1 was to examine the associations between feeding behavior traits and performance and residual feed intake (RFI) in Brangus steers (N… (more)

▼ The objective of study 1 was to examine the associations between feeding behavior traits and performance and residual feed intake (RFI) in Brangus steers (N = 84). Steers with low-RFI phenotypes consumed 19% less (P < 0.01) DM intake while BW and ADG were similar compared to high-RFI steers. Steers with low RFI also spent 21% less time at the feed bunk, had 6% fewer (P < 0.05) bunk visit (BV) events, and tended (P = 0.08) to have 11% shorter meal durations per day than steers with high RFI. There were no differences in carcass quality or carcass income, therefore the reduction in feed cost of the low-RFI steers resulted in an increase (P < 0.05) in net revenue of 145 per animal compared to high-RFI steers. Time to bunk (TTB) was quantified on a daily basis as the interval length between feed truck delivery and the first BV event. Time to bunk was weakly correlated (P < 0.05) in a negative manner with ADG (-0.27) and positively correlated with exit velocity (0.25) and F:G ratio (0.25). Steers with low-TTB phenotypes gained 18% faster (P < 0.05), tended (P = 0.08) to have 11% more favorable F:G, and resulted in 88 more net revenue per animal (P < 0.05) than steers with high TTB. Results from this study demonstrated that animals with divergent phenotypes for RFI exhibited distinctive feeding behavior patterns, suggesting that feeding behavior traits could be useful as phenotypic biomarkers for RFI. The objective of study 2 was to characterize deviations in DM intake and feeding behaviors in bulls (N = 231) exhibiting clinical symptoms of bovine respiratory disease (BRD). The bulls were separated into 2 cohort groups based on observed clinical illness (N = 30) or those treated metaphylactically Draxxin (N = 201). A 2-slope broken-line regression model was applied separately on a population basis to the clinically-ill and metaphylaxis-treated cohorts to identify inflection points in DM intake and feeding behavior traits. The model detected inflection points for DM intake were 6.79 and 3.81 d prior to observed clinical illness or metaphylaxis treatment, respectively. Furthermore, the model detected inflection points for individual feeding behavior traits that (BV frequency and duration, Head down duration, maximum non-feeding interval, and non-feeding interval SD) ranged from 14.19 to 1.32 d prior to observed clinical illness, and from 12.59 to 3.79 d prior to metaphylaxis treatment. To further assess the value of monitoring deviations in feeding behavior traits as a method for pre-clinical detection of infectious disease individual CUSUM charts were constructed in a daily iterative manner to replicate real-time data analysis. The CUSUM model based on DM intake yielded a high proportion of true positives (87%; model predicted animal as ill) and high model test efficiency (89%) in the clinically-ill cohort, whereas, in the metaphylaxis-treated cohort the proportion of true positives detected (71%) and test efficiency (84%) were slightly lower. While time of model detection prior to observed clinical illness based on DM… Advisors/Committee Members: Carstens, Gordon E (advisor), Tedeschi, Luis O (committee member), Pinchak, William B (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Cattle; Feeding-behavior; Temperment; CUSUM

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APA (6^th Edition):

Jackson, K. S. (2015). Associations of Feeding Behavior Patterns with Inter-Animal Variation in Feed Efficiency and Pre-Clinical Responses to Infectious Disease in Beef Cattle. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174807

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jackson, Kirby Shaw. “Associations of Feeding Behavior Patterns with Inter-Animal Variation in Feed Efficiency and Pre-Clinical Responses to Infectious Disease in Beef Cattle.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174807.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jackson, Kirby Shaw. “Associations of Feeding Behavior Patterns with Inter-Animal Variation in Feed Efficiency and Pre-Clinical Responses to Infectious Disease in Beef Cattle.” 2015. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Jackson KS. Associations of Feeding Behavior Patterns with Inter-Animal Variation in Feed Efficiency and Pre-Clinical Responses to Infectious Disease in Beef Cattle. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174807.

Council of Science Editors:

Jackson KS. Associations of Feeding Behavior Patterns with Inter-Animal Variation in Feed Efficiency and Pre-Clinical Responses to Infectious Disease in Beef Cattle. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174807

Texas A&M University

6. Miller, Michael Devin. Associations Between RFI, and Metabolite Profiles and Feeding Behavior Traits in Feedlot Cattle.

Degree: MS, Animal Science, 2016, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/157749

► Objectives of this study were characterize residual feed intake (RFI) in finishing steers to examine relationships with performance, feed efficiency, feeding behavior traits, and blood… (more)

▼ Objectives of this study were characterize residual feed intake (RFI) in finishing steers to examine relationships with performance, feed efficiency, feeding behavior traits, and blood metabolite profiles and identify biomarkers (feeding behavior traits and blood metabolites) to understand underlying biological mechanisms of RFI. Performance, DMI, and feeding behavior traits were measured for 70 d in Angus crossbred steers (N = 168) using a GrowSafe system. Steers were classified into low (n = 52), medium (n = 64), and high (n = 52) RFI groups based on ± 0.5 SD from the mean RFI of 0.00 (SD = 0.82). Partial least squares (PLS; MetaboAnalyst) were used to examine associations between RFI, and feeding behavior traits and metabolites. Components 1 and 2 of the PLS analysis accounted for 39.1% of between animal variance in RFI, and 4 feeding behavior traits had a variable of importance in projection (VIP) score > 1, which included HD duration, BV duration, HD to meal duration ratio, and bite frequency. Steers with low RFI had 15% greater (P < 0.0001) bite frequency, 34% lower HD duration, 24% lower BV duration, and 24% lower HD : MD ratio than high RFI steers. To examine associations between RFI and blood metabolite profiles to identify RFI biomarkers, blood was collected on day 0 and 70 of the trial for steers with RFI that were ± 1 SD from the mean RFI (0.00 ± 0.82 kg/d), which included 25 low and 24 high-RFI steers. Partial least squares analysis of day 0 metabolite profiles resulted in overfitting of the data (P = 0.264), but day 70 metabolite data was not over-fitted (P = 0.009). Components 1 and 2 of the PLS analysis accounted for 34.2% of between animal variance in RFI. Of the 44 metabolites detected by 1H-NMR, 5 metabolites had VIP scores > 2, which included glycine, betaine, tyrosine, valine, and leucine. Steers with low-RFI had 54% higher (P < 0.0003) concentrations of glycine, and 14% lower (P < 0.05) concentrations of betaine, 12% lower (P < 0.05) concentration of tyrosine, 9% lower (P < 0.06) concentration of valine, and 14% lower (P < 0.04) concentration of leucine than high-RFI steers. Results from this study indicate glycine, betaine, tyrosine, valine, and leucine are possible biomarkers for identification of feed-efficient cattle. Further studies are needed to evaluate the repeatability and robustness across breeds, diets, etc. for these metabolites. Advisors/Committee Members: Carstens, Gordon E (advisor), Tedeschi, Luis O (committee member), Riggs, Penny (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Residual feed intake; feeding behavior traits; blood metabolites

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Miller, M. D. (2016). Associations Between RFI, and Metabolite Profiles and Feeding Behavior Traits in Feedlot Cattle. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/157749

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Miller, Michael Devin. “Associations Between RFI, and Metabolite Profiles and Feeding Behavior Traits in Feedlot Cattle.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/157749.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Miller, Michael Devin. “Associations Between RFI, and Metabolite Profiles and Feeding Behavior Traits in Feedlot Cattle.” 2016. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Miller MD. Associations Between RFI, and Metabolite Profiles and Feeding Behavior Traits in Feedlot Cattle. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/157749.

Council of Science Editors:

Miller MD. Associations Between RFI, and Metabolite Profiles and Feeding Behavior Traits in Feedlot Cattle. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/157749

Texas A&M University

7. Ramirez, Justin A. Effects of Residual Feed Intake Classification on Temperament, Carcass Composition, and Feeding Behavior Traits in Growing Santa Gertrudis Heifers.

Degree: MS, Animal Science, 2014, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/152623

► Objectives of this study were to evaluate the associations of feed intake, feeding behavior, temperament, and carcass composition with performance and feed efficiency traits in… (more)

▼ Objectives of this study were to evaluate the associations of feed intake, feeding behavior, temperament, and carcass composition with performance and feed efficiency traits in growing heifers. Santa Gertrudis heifers (n = 369) with initial BW of (275.3 ± 37.4 kg) were used in this study. Intake and feeding behavior traits were collected for 70 d using a GrowSafe system while consuming a forage-based diet (ME = 2.19 Mcal/kg DM). Heifers were weighed at 14-d intervals and ultrasound traits measured on d 0 and 70. Residual feed intake was computed by regression of DMI on mid-test BW0^(.75) and ADG, and heifers classified into low, medium, and high RFI (± 0.50 SD) groups. A 2- population distribution model was fit to log10-transformed non-feeding interval lengths to estimate meal criterion (MC), which was used to compute meal traits (frequency and duration). As expected, RFI was positively correlated with DMI (r = 0.72; P < 0.001), but not with initial BW or ADG. Residual feed intake was negatively correlated with G:F (r = -0.72; P < 0.001) and RG (r = -0.49; P < 0.001). In contrast to previous studies, RFI was not correlated with ultrasound LM area or back-fat thickness measured on day 70 of the trials. Residual feed intake was positively correlated (P < 0.05) with bunk visit (BV) frequency (r = 0.45) and duration (r = 0.35), and meal duration (r = 0.31), but negatively correlated with MC (r = -0.25). The R^(2) of the base RFI model (ADG, mid-test BW0.75) was 0.48, which increased to 0.69 with the inclusion of backfat thickness and feeding behavior traits (BV frequency and duration, MC, meal frequency and duration, and time to bunk). Heifers with low-RFI phenotypes had 21.5 and 23.2% lower (P < 0.001) DMI and G:F compared to high-RFI heifers. Heifers with low RFI had lesser (P < 0.001) BV frequency (64.7 vs 80.6 ± 1.6 events/d) and duration (95.7 vs 113.4 ± 3.6 min/d), higher (P < 0.01) MC (9.45 vs 8.12 ± 0.55 min) and greater (P = 0.39) time to bunk (TTB; 67.9 vs 58.3 ± 3.5 min) compared to high-RFI heifers. Between-animal variation in RFI was not associated with differences in ultrasound measurements of carcass composition in this study. However, variation in feeding behavior traits account for 41% additional variance in DMI beyond that associated with carcass ultrasound, ADG, and mid-test BW0^(.75). The longer MC observed in low-RFI heifers suggests that these heifers take longer to initiate subsequent meals compared to high-RFI heifers, and demonstrate that heifers with divergent RFI have distinctive feeding behavior patterns. Advisors/Committee Members: Carstens, Gordon E (advisor), Tedeschi, Luis O (advisor), Herring, Andy D (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: RFI; meal criterion

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ramirez, J. A. (2014). Effects of Residual Feed Intake Classification on Temperament, Carcass Composition, and Feeding Behavior Traits in Growing Santa Gertrudis Heifers. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/152623

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ramirez, Justin A. “Effects of Residual Feed Intake Classification on Temperament, Carcass Composition, and Feeding Behavior Traits in Growing Santa Gertrudis Heifers.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/152623.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ramirez, Justin A. “Effects of Residual Feed Intake Classification on Temperament, Carcass Composition, and Feeding Behavior Traits in Growing Santa Gertrudis Heifers.” 2014. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Ramirez JA. Effects of Residual Feed Intake Classification on Temperament, Carcass Composition, and Feeding Behavior Traits in Growing Santa Gertrudis Heifers. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/152623.

Council of Science Editors:

Ramirez JA. Effects of Residual Feed Intake Classification on Temperament, Carcass Composition, and Feeding Behavior Traits in Growing Santa Gertrudis Heifers. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/152623

Texas A&M University

8. Johnson, Jocelyn Rose. Application of Fecal Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy and N-Alkane Labeled Supplementation Techniques to Predict Voluntary Intake in Beef Cattle.

Degree: MS, Animal Science, 2014, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153553

► The objectives of this study were to evaluate the use of fecal NIRS profiling and the n-alkane labeled supplementation method for the prediction of voluntary… (more)

▼ The objectives of this study were to evaluate the use of fecal NIRS profiling and the n-alkane labeled supplementation method for the prediction of voluntary intake in beef cattle for the identification of animals divergent in feed efficiency. Additionally, the use of fecal NIRS profiling technology was evaluated for the prediction of diet characteristics. To examine the use of fecal NIRS profiling to estimate diet quality and dry matter intake (DMI), fecal samples and phenotype data were collected from 14 beef cattle trials that utilized Calan-gate feeders (American Calan, Northwood, NH) or electronic GrowSafe™ feedbunks (GrowSafe™ DAQ 4000E; GrowSafe™ system Ltd., Airdire, AB, Canada) to measure individual animal feed intake. The coefficient of determination for calibration (R_(c)^(2)) and cross-validation (R_(cv)^(2)) of combined trial equations to predict diet characteristics were least accurate for the prediction of NDF using composite fecal samples (R_(c)^(2) = 0.85; R_(cv)^(2) = 0.82), and most accurate for the prediction of CP using individual-day fecal samples (R_(c)^(2) = 0.94; R_(cv)^(2) = 0.91). For the prediction of DMI, R_(c)^(2) and R_(cv)^(2) ranged from 0.49 and 0.42 for the prediction of average-trial DMI using individual-day fecal samples to 0.76 and 0.73 for the prediction of fecal-collection-period DMI using composite fecal samples. While the values obtained for the prediction of DMI were inferior to those obtained for the prediction of diet quality or digestibility, fecal NIRS prediction equations for DMI were successful in predicting the mean DMI of groups as well as predicting individual-animal DMI for the evaluation of divergent RFI groups. To evaluate the use of an n-alkane labeled supplement for the prediction of intake, 24 mid-gestation heifers, previously identified as having divergent postweaning RFI, were fed chopped sorghum hay and an n-alkane labeled supplement, ad libitum in electronic GrowSafe™ feedbunks (GrowSafe™ DAQ 4000E; GrowSafe™ system Ltd., Airdire, AB, Canada). In this study, accurate intake predictions were not obtained as 6-d forage intake was overestimated by 73.0% when using C_(31):C_(32) alkane pairs and by 38.9% when using C_(33):C_(32) alkane pairs. However, inaccurate measures of supplement and forage intake by the GrowSafe™ system, as well as large between-animal variation in supplement intake, feeding behavior, and digestibility may have greatly influenced the accuracy of these results. Results from this study indicate that fecal NIRS profiling can be used to predict dietary characteristics and DMI for the identification of animals divergent in feed efficiency. Conversely, the n-alkane labeled supplement technique was inaccurate in predicting forage intakes in this trial. Advisors/Committee Members: Carstens, Gordon E (advisor), Forbes, Thomas D (committee member), Sawyer, Jason E (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: cattle; feed intake; fecal NIRS

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APA (6^th Edition):

Johnson, J. R. (2014). Application of Fecal Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy and N-Alkane Labeled Supplementation Techniques to Predict Voluntary Intake in Beef Cattle. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153553

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Johnson, Jocelyn Rose. “Application of Fecal Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy and N-Alkane Labeled Supplementation Techniques to Predict Voluntary Intake in Beef Cattle.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153553.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Johnson, Jocelyn Rose. “Application of Fecal Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy and N-Alkane Labeled Supplementation Techniques to Predict Voluntary Intake in Beef Cattle.” 2014. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Johnson JR. Application of Fecal Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy and N-Alkane Labeled Supplementation Techniques to Predict Voluntary Intake in Beef Cattle. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153553.

Council of Science Editors:

Johnson JR. Application of Fecal Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy and N-Alkane Labeled Supplementation Techniques to Predict Voluntary Intake in Beef Cattle. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153553

Texas A&M University

9. Moreno Rajo, Jose Gilberto. Phenotypic Characterization of Feed Efficiency and Feeding Behavior Traits in Performance Tested Bulls Fed a Corn Silage-Based Diet.

Degree: MS, Animal Science, 2013, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149277

► Objectives of this study were to characterize feed efficiency traits and examine phenotypic relationships with feeding behavior traits in bulls. Performance, feed intake and feeding… (more)

▼ Objectives of this study were to characterize feed efficiency traits and examine phenotypic relationships with feeding behavior traits in bulls. Performance, feed intake and feeding behavior traits were measured in bulls (n = 5,165) representing 2 breeds (4100 Angus and 952 Red Angus). Intake and feeding behavior traits were measured for 70-d using a GrowSafe system while fed a corn silage based diet (ME = 2.50 Mcal/kg DM). BW was measured at 14-d intervals. Residual feed intake (RFI) was calculated as the difference between actual DMI and that expected from regression of DMI on mid-test BW0.75 (MBW) and ADG, and residual gain (RG) as the difference between actual ADG and that expected from regression of ADG on MBW and DMI. Residual gain and intake (RIG) was computed as the sum of -1 x RFI and RG, both standardized to a variance of 1. Results from the study indicate that RFI was correlated with DMI (r = 0.71, P < 0.0001) but not MBW or ADG, whereas, RG was correlated with ADG (r = 0.87, P < 0.0001) but not MBW or DMI. RFI was negatively correlated with G:F (r = -0.53, P < 0.0001) and RG (r = -0.40, P < 0.0001). Feeding bout (FB) frequency and duration were correlated with RFI (r = 0.30, 0.36; P < 0.001), but were not significant or weakly correlated (r < 0.10) with RG and G:F. Meal criterion and duration were both correlated (r = -0.13, 0.22; P < 0.0001) with RFI, but not with RG or G:F. Bulls with low RFI spent less time at the feed bunk (129 vs 151 ± 31.2 min/d) and had fewer FB events (79 vs 91 ± 23.4 events/d) than high-RFI bulls. Low-RFI bulls had longer (P < 0.001) meal criterion (9.9 vs 8.5 ± 6.6 min) indicating they took longer to initiate new meals, and had longer meal durations (223 vs 244 ± 43.5 min/d) than high-RFI bulls. Bulls have distinctive feeding behavior patterns that contribute to between-animal variation in RFI, but not associated with RG or G:F. Advisors/Committee Members: Carstens, Gordon E (advisor), Tedeschi, Luis O (advisor), Forrest, David E (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: feeding behavior; Residual feed intake; Residual gain; Residual intake and gain; Feedlot profit index

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APA (6^th Edition):

Moreno Rajo, J. G. (2013). Phenotypic Characterization of Feed Efficiency and Feeding Behavior Traits in Performance Tested Bulls Fed a Corn Silage-Based Diet. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149277

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Moreno Rajo, Jose Gilberto. “Phenotypic Characterization of Feed Efficiency and Feeding Behavior Traits in Performance Tested Bulls Fed a Corn Silage-Based Diet.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149277.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Moreno Rajo, Jose Gilberto. “Phenotypic Characterization of Feed Efficiency and Feeding Behavior Traits in Performance Tested Bulls Fed a Corn Silage-Based Diet.” 2013. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Moreno Rajo JG. Phenotypic Characterization of Feed Efficiency and Feeding Behavior Traits in Performance Tested Bulls Fed a Corn Silage-Based Diet. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149277.

Council of Science Editors:

Moreno Rajo JG. Phenotypic Characterization of Feed Efficiency and Feeding Behavior Traits in Performance Tested Bulls Fed a Corn Silage-Based Diet. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149277

Texas A&M University

10. Cruzen, Shannon Michelle. Plant-Based Tannins as Antioxidants in Pre-Cooked Ground Beef Patties.

Degree: MS, Animal Science, 2011, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-08-8236

► Meat lipid oxidation causes negative quality effects, especially in further processed products. Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and rosemary extract (RM) are common antioxidants,… (more)

▼ Meat lipid oxidation causes negative quality effects, especially in further processed products. Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and rosemary extract (RM) are common antioxidants, but plant-based tannin compounds have been shown to be effective antioxidants. The objective was to evaluate antioxidant effectiveness, pH, color, and sensory effects of several tannin sources. In study 1, 19 percent fat ground beef was mixed with no treatment (control), BHA/BHT (0.02percent), RM (0.2percent), or 0.25percent or 0.5percent powders of Chardonnay grapeseed (CG), Norton grapeseed (NG), CitruSmart (CS), or dried cherry (CP). Raw and cooked patties were aerobically stored for 0 to 5 days at 4 degrees C. Cooked patties were analyzed using the TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) method. Raw patties were analyzed for pH, instrumental color, subjective color, and ingredient specks. Study 2 was similar, except the treatments were 0.25percent and 0.5percent powders of CG, chestnut (CN), mimosa (M), and quebracho (Q) tannins, as well as 0.5percent NG, 0.02percent BHA/BHT, 0.2percent RM, and a control. In study 1, only the NG and CG pre-cooked patties had similar or lower TBARS values compared to RM and BHA/BHT patties. All tannin treatments, except 0.25percent CG and 0.25percent CS, lowered pH compared to the control. Patties with NG and 0.5percent CG were darker, and tannin-treated patties were not redder than the control. Patties with CG and 0.5percent NG were less yellow. Subjectively, tannin-treated patties did not have less discoloration during storage, and the CG and NG patties had numerous visible ingredient specks. In study 2, CN, M, Q, and 0.5percent CG treated patties had low TBARS during storage. pH was slightly lower in CG and CN patties than the control. All tannin-treated patties were darker than the control patties, except patties containing 0.25percent CG and Q, and control patties had the highest red values. Tannin-treatments patties, except CN and Q patties, were less yellow. Subjectively, only 0.25percent M patties had less discoloration than control patties, while 0.5percent CN patties were more discolored. Norton and Chardonnay grapeseed flour and chesnut, mimosa, and quebracho powders would be recommended for pre-cooked ground beef patties based on their antioxidant effectiveness in these studies. Advisors/Committee Members: Miller, Rhonda K. (advisor), Awika, Joseph M. (committee member), Carstens, Gordon E. (committee member), Pinchak, William E. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Tannins; antioxidants; lipid oxidation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Cruzen, S. M. (2011). Plant-Based Tannins as Antioxidants in Pre-Cooked Ground Beef Patties. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-08-8236

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cruzen, Shannon Michelle. “Plant-Based Tannins as Antioxidants in Pre-Cooked Ground Beef Patties.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-08-8236.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cruzen, Shannon Michelle. “Plant-Based Tannins as Antioxidants in Pre-Cooked Ground Beef Patties.” 2011. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Cruzen SM. Plant-Based Tannins as Antioxidants in Pre-Cooked Ground Beef Patties. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-08-8236.

Council of Science Editors:

Cruzen SM. Plant-Based Tannins as Antioxidants in Pre-Cooked Ground Beef Patties. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-08-8236

Texas A&M University

11. Bourg, Brandi Marie. Determination of Energy Efficiency of Beef Cows under Grazing Conditions Using a Mechanistic Model and the Evaluation of a Slow-Release Urea Product for Finishing Beef Cattle.

Degree: PhD, Animal Science, 2012, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-12-10279

► The cow/calf phase of production represents a large expense in the production of beef, and efficient beef cows use fewer resources to obtain the same… (more)

▼ The cow/calf phase of production represents a large expense in the production of beef, and efficient beef cows use fewer resources to obtain the same outcome in a sustainable environment. The objective of study 1 was to utilize a mechanistic nutrition model to estimate metabolizable energy requirement (MER) of grazing cows based on changes in cow body weight (BW) and fatness measurements (body condition score, BCS) along with calf age and BW, as well as forage quality and quantity. In addition, an energy efficiency index (EEI), computed as MER of the cow and calf divided by calf weaning BW, was used to rank cows within a herd based on their efficiency of utilizing available forage to meet their maintenance requirements and support calf growth. Data were collected from one herd of approximately 140 Santa Gertrudis cows over a four-year period, and analyzed per calving cycle, conception to weaning. The model's estimation of EEI appears to be moderately heritable and repeatable across years, and efficient cows might have greater peak milk and be leaner. In typical feedlot diets, the rates of ruminal fermentation of highly processed grains and the hydrolysis rate of urea may not match. Asynchronous utilization of carbohydrate and protein would result in some portion of the urea unknot being utilized by the ruminal microbes and ultimately the animal. The use of slow-release urea (SRU) products offers a unique opportunity to synchronize ruminal fermentation of carbohydrate with non-protein nitrogen (NPN) release rate. Two experiments were conducted to examine the impact of source, urea or SRU, and level of dietary NPN on 1) performance and carcass characteristics and 2) N balance of finishing cattle. Steers had lower initial F:G when SRU was used as the only source of feed N (treatment 3), suggesting that SRU may replace both NPN and true protein feeds in finishing cattle diets. High levels of either NPN source had greater N intake and urinary N excretion, as well as N absorption and no major differences were observed between SRU and urea, suggesting that SRU can replace urea at different levels of N intake. Advisors/Committee Members: Tedeschi, Luis O. (advisor), Wickersham, Tryon (committee member), Carstens, Gordon E. (committee member), Herring, Andy D. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Beef cattle; Modeling; Efficiency; Slow-release NPN; Urea

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bourg, B. M. (2012). Determination of Energy Efficiency of Beef Cows under Grazing Conditions Using a Mechanistic Model and the Evaluation of a Slow-Release Urea Product for Finishing Beef Cattle. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-12-10279

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bourg, Brandi Marie. “Determination of Energy Efficiency of Beef Cows under Grazing Conditions Using a Mechanistic Model and the Evaluation of a Slow-Release Urea Product for Finishing Beef Cattle.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-12-10279.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bourg, Brandi Marie. “Determination of Energy Efficiency of Beef Cows under Grazing Conditions Using a Mechanistic Model and the Evaluation of a Slow-Release Urea Product for Finishing Beef Cattle.” 2012. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Bourg BM. Determination of Energy Efficiency of Beef Cows under Grazing Conditions Using a Mechanistic Model and the Evaluation of a Slow-Release Urea Product for Finishing Beef Cattle. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-12-10279.

Council of Science Editors:

Bourg BM. Determination of Energy Efficiency of Beef Cows under Grazing Conditions Using a Mechanistic Model and the Evaluation of a Slow-Release Urea Product for Finishing Beef Cattle. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-12-10279

Texas A&M University

12. Kayser, William Christian. IMPACTS OF DIRECT-FED MICROBIAL SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE ACUTE IMMUNE RESPONSE AND STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL ALGORITHIMS TO DETECT BOVINE RESPIRATORY DISEASE.

Degree: PhD, Animal Science, 2018, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/173722

► Two studies were conducted to examine the impact of dietary supplementation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii (LY) on immunological, physiological and behavioral responses to experimental Mannheimia… (more)

▼ Two studies were conducted to examine the impact of dietary supplementation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii (LY) on immunological, physiological and behavioral responses to experimental Mannheimia haemolytica (MH) and viral-bacterial (VB) challenges in beef cattle. In both studies, the MH and VB challenges impacted leukogram constituents, animal behavior, and body temperature responses; consistent with an acute immune response. In the MH-challenge study, LY-supplemented steers exhibited reduced (P < 0.01; 1.52 vs. 1.74, kg) ADG and G:F (P < 0.01; 0.14 vs. 0.16) compared to control steers during the 28 d prior to challenge. However, during the 28 d post challenge period LY-supplemented steers had improved ADG (P < 0.01; 1.50 vs. 1.13, kg) and G:F (P < 0.01; 0.15 vs. 0.11) compared to control steers. Furthermore, LY supplementation increased (P = 0.02) cortisol 32% throughout the study, but did not impact any other serological measures. In the VB-challenge study, LY-supplemented heifers had greater neutrophil production 16% (P = 0.02), increased monocytes (P < 0.05) on day 4, and reduced haptoglobin concentration (P < 0.05) on day 5 compared to control heifers. These results indicate LY supplementation altered immune response during disease challenge; however, the effects of LY supplementation on growth and performance requires further investigation. Animal-health monitoring systems that utilize real-time biosensor systems for preclinical disease detection are dependent upon data-processing algorithms that can accurately differentiate between healthy and morbid animals. Objectives of this research were to develop and evaluate various statistical process control (SPC) algorithms, for use in an animal-health monitoring system. For this objective, the 2 challenge studies and a field-based BRD observational study were used. The field-based BRD observational study consisted of 231 bulls on a feed efficiency test, during which 30 were identified as morbid. The SPC models were developed using 3 types of biosensor data collection systems; including, DMI and feeding behavior, ruminal temperature (RUT) and accelerometer-based behaviors. In the observational study, DMI was the most accurate (80%) of the phenotypic response variables followed by head down (HD) duration (79%), which signaled 4.8 d prior to clinical symptoms. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to construct multivariate models using 3 feeding behavior traits with and without DMI. The feeding behavior model with DMI was 84% accurate and signaled 2 d prior to clinical symptoms. Removal of DMI did not impact the accuracy, and minimally altered signal day. In the MH-challenge study, accuracies of SPC models for DMI, BV duration and RUT were 89, 89 and 86%, respectively, which signaled 0.14, 0.13 and 0 days after the MH challenge, respectively. In the VB-challenge study, DMI was the most accurate response variable with an accuracy of 95% and signaled the day of MH inoculation, followed by rest, meal duration and RUT (89, 87 and 94%, respectively). The… Advisors/Committee Members: Carstens, Gordon E (advisor), Pinchak, William E (advisor), Washburn, Kevin E (committee member), Banerjee, Amarnath (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Live yeast supplementation; bovine respiratory disease; statistical process control

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Kayser, W. C. (2018). IMPACTS OF DIRECT-FED MICROBIAL SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE ACUTE IMMUNE RESPONSE AND STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL ALGORITHIMS TO DETECT BOVINE RESPIRATORY DISEASE. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/173722

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kayser, William Christian. “IMPACTS OF DIRECT-FED MICROBIAL SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE ACUTE IMMUNE RESPONSE AND STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL ALGORITHIMS TO DETECT BOVINE RESPIRATORY DISEASE.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/173722.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kayser, William Christian. “IMPACTS OF DIRECT-FED MICROBIAL SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE ACUTE IMMUNE RESPONSE AND STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL ALGORITHIMS TO DETECT BOVINE RESPIRATORY DISEASE.” 2018. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Kayser WC. IMPACTS OF DIRECT-FED MICROBIAL SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE ACUTE IMMUNE RESPONSE AND STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL ALGORITHIMS TO DETECT BOVINE RESPIRATORY DISEASE. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/173722.

Council of Science Editors:

Kayser WC. IMPACTS OF DIRECT-FED MICROBIAL SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE ACUTE IMMUNE RESPONSE AND STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL ALGORITHIMS TO DETECT BOVINE RESPIRATORY DISEASE. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/173722

Texas A&M University

13. Kayser, William Christian. IMPACTS OF DIRECT-FED MICROBIAL SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE ACUTE IMMUNE RESPONSE AND STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL ALGORITHIMS TO DETECT BOVINE RESPIRATORY DISEASE.

Degree: PhD, Animal Science, 2018, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/173817

► Two studies were conducted to examine the impact of dietary supplementation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii (LY) on immunological, physiological and behavioral responses to experimental Mannheimia… (more)

▼ Two studies were conducted to examine the impact of dietary supplementation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii (LY) on immunological, physiological and behavioral responses to experimental Mannheimia haemolytica (MH) and viral-bacterial (VB) challenges in beef cattle. In both studies, the MH and VB challenges impacted leukogram constituents, animal behavior, and body temperature responses; consistent with an acute immune response. In the MH-challenge study, LY-supplemented steers exhibited reduced (P < 0.01; 1.52 vs. 1.74, kg) ADG and G:F (P < 0.01; 0.14 vs. 0.16) compared to control steers during the 28 d prior to challenge. However, during the 28 d post challenge period LY-supplemented steers had improved ADG (P < 0.01; 1.50 vs. 1.13, kg) and G:F (P < 0.01; 0.15 vs. 0.11) compared to control steers. Furthermore, LY supplementation increased (P = 0.02) cortisol 32% throughout the study, but did not impact any other serological measures. In the VB-challenge study, LY-supplemented heifers had greater neutrophil production 16% (P = 0.02), increased monocytes (P < 0.05) on day 4, and reduced haptoglobin concentration (P < 0.05) on day 5 compared to control heifers. These results indicate LY supplementation altered immune response during disease challenge; however, the effects of LY supplementation on growth and performance requires further investigation. Animal-health monitoring systems that utilize real-time biosensor systems for preclinical disease detection are dependent upon data-processing algorithms that can accurately differentiate between healthy and morbid animals. Objectives of this research were to develop and evaluate various statistical process control (SPC) algorithms, for use in an animal-health monitoring system. For this objective, the 2 challenge studies and a field-based BRD observational study were used. The field-based BRD observational study consisted of 231 bulls on a feed efficiency test, during which 30 were identified as morbid. The SPC models were developed using 3 types of biosensor data collection systems; including, DMI and feeding behavior, ruminal temperature (RUT) and accelerometer-based behaviors. In the observational study, DMI was the most accurate (80%) of the phenotypic response variables followed by head down (HD) duration (79%), which signaled 4.8 d prior to clinical symptoms. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to construct multivariate models using 3 feeding behavior traits with and without DMI. The feeding behavior model with DMI was 84% accurate and signaled 2 d prior to clinical symptoms. Removal of DMI did not impact the accuracy, and minimally altered signal day. In the MH-challenge study, accuracies of SPC models for DMI, BV duration and RUT were 89, 89 and 86%, respectively, which signaled 0.14, 0.13 and 0 days after the MH challenge, respectively. In the VB-challenge study, DMI was the most accurate response variable with an accuracy of 95% and signaled the day of MH inoculation, followed by rest, meal duration and RUT (89, 87 and 94%, respectively). The… Advisors/Committee Members: Carstens, Gordon E (advisor), Pinchak, William E (advisor), Washburn, Kevin E (committee member), Banerjee, Amarnath (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Live yeast supplementation; bovine respiratory disease; statistical process control

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Kayser, W. C. (2018). IMPACTS OF DIRECT-FED MICROBIAL SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE ACUTE IMMUNE RESPONSE AND STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL ALGORITHIMS TO DETECT BOVINE RESPIRATORY DISEASE. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/173817

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kayser, William Christian. “IMPACTS OF DIRECT-FED MICROBIAL SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE ACUTE IMMUNE RESPONSE AND STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL ALGORITHIMS TO DETECT BOVINE RESPIRATORY DISEASE.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/173817.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kayser, William Christian. “IMPACTS OF DIRECT-FED MICROBIAL SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE ACUTE IMMUNE RESPONSE AND STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL ALGORITHIMS TO DETECT BOVINE RESPIRATORY DISEASE.” 2018. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Kayser WC. IMPACTS OF DIRECT-FED MICROBIAL SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE ACUTE IMMUNE RESPONSE AND STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL ALGORITHIMS TO DETECT BOVINE RESPIRATORY DISEASE. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/173817.

Council of Science Editors:

Kayser WC. IMPACTS OF DIRECT-FED MICROBIAL SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE ACUTE IMMUNE RESPONSE AND STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL ALGORITHIMS TO DETECT BOVINE RESPIRATORY DISEASE. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/173817

Texas A&M University

14. Orozco Hernandez, Pilar. Relationships between Beef Postharvest Biochemical Factors and Warner-Bratzler Shear Force.

Degree: MS, Animal Science, 2013, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149933

► Biochemical changes in muscle postmortem have been associated with initial beef tenderness early postmortem, and with improvements in tenderness during postmortem storage, defined as meat… (more)

▼ Biochemical changes in muscle postmortem have been associated with initial beef tenderness early postmortem, and with improvements in tenderness during postmortem storage, defined as meat aging. Differences in the initial contractile state of the sarcomere, the ionic environment of the sarcoplasm including pH, the activity of neutral proteolytic enzymes, and collagen content and solubility have been associated with beef tenderness. In Phase I, steaks from four genetic lines of steers and heifers were used to understand the biochemical differences between tough and tender steaks. The most tender (< 30 N Warner Bratzler shear force (WBS)) and toughest Longissimus steaks (< 30 N WBS) from Angus, Braford, Brangus, and Simbrah heifers and steers were used. For Phase II, samples were obtained from a subset of Santa Cruz yearling heifers selected based of genotypes for tenderness (tough and tender) using a commercial genetic marker. Within genotype for tenderness, each animal was randomly assigned to one of four growth enhancement treatments. The most tender (< 30 N WBS) and toughest Longissimus steaks (< 30 N WBS) were selected for use in this study. In Phase I, tough steaks after 3, 10, and 17d postmortem had higher (P < 0.0005) WBS values than tender steaks. Tender steaks came from carcass with slightly higher (P = 0.008) marbling score and (P = 0.01) Quality grade. Sarcomere length, total and soluble collagen, potassium concentration, and m and µcalpain did not differ (P > 0.05) between tough and tender steaks. Sodium concentration at 10 d was higher (P = 0.03) in tough steaks, but only account for 0.05% of the variation in WBS at 3d. Tender steaks had less (P = 0.04) intact desmin at 24h, but intact desmin was not correlated (P > 0.05) with WBS. In Phase II, tough steaks after 3, 10, and 17d postmortem had higher (P < 0.0001) WBS values than tender steaks. Tender steaks came from carcass with slightly higher (P < 0.03) marbling score and (P = 0.02) Quality grade. Tender teaks were slightly lighter (P = 0.02), with more red (P = 0.02) and yellow (P = 0.007) color, and had slightly lower (P = 0.02) pH, compared with tough steaks. Sarcomere length, total and soluble collagen, sodium and potassium concentration, and m and µcalpain did not differ (P > 0.05) between tough and tender steaks. Tender steaks had less (P < 0.0001) intact desmin at 17d postmortem than tough steaks. Intact desmin at 17d was responsible for 4%, 47%, and 30% of WBS variation after 3, 10, and 17d postmortem, respectively. The slight difference in marbling and quality grade did not account for a significant amount of variation in WBS. However, meat color and pH accounted for variation in shear WBS. Calcium flux may have influenced meat tenderness by activation of calpains and may have altered protein to protein interactions. Results suggested that marbling, µ calpain activity, and desmin degradation, and to a lesser extent pH and meat color contributed to meat tenderness. Advisors/Committee Members: Miller, Rhonda K (advisor), Carstens, Gordon E (committee member), Riggs, Penny K (committee member), Smith, Stephen B (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: calcium; tenderness; Warner-Bratzler shear force; calpain; collagen; marbling; sarcomere length; desmin

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Orozco Hernandez, P. (2013). Relationships between Beef Postharvest Biochemical Factors and Warner-Bratzler Shear Force. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149933

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Orozco Hernandez, Pilar. “Relationships between Beef Postharvest Biochemical Factors and Warner-Bratzler Shear Force.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149933.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Orozco Hernandez, Pilar. “Relationships between Beef Postharvest Biochemical Factors and Warner-Bratzler Shear Force.” 2013. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Orozco Hernandez P. Relationships between Beef Postharvest Biochemical Factors and Warner-Bratzler Shear Force. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149933.

Council of Science Editors:

Orozco Hernandez P. Relationships between Beef Postharvest Biochemical Factors and Warner-Bratzler Shear Force. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149933

15. Olson, Cameron Alexander. The Effect of Temperament at Feedlot Arrival on Growth Efficiency, Feeding Behavior, and Carcass Value in Beef Heifers.

Degree: MS, Animal Science, 2017, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/166108

► Temperament of cattle is defined as the animal behavioral response to humans. Objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of temperament and breed… (more)

▼ Temperament of cattle is defined as the animal behavioral response to humans. Objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of temperament and breed type (Angus, Braford, Brangus, and Simbrah) on productivity, feed intake and efficiency, feeding behavior patterns and carcass-quality traits in finishing heifers. In 3 trials, heifers (N = 415, BW = 280 kg) were fed a high grain diet in pens equipped with electronic feeders to measure DM intake and feeding behavior traits. Heifers were slaughtered at a backfat thickness of 1.2 cm, and data collected to determine yield and quality grades. Warner-Braztler shear force was measured on steaks at 1- and 14-d post-mortem aging. Residual feed intake (RFI) was calculated as the residual from regression of DMI on mid-test BW0.75 and ADG. Relative exit velocity (REV) was recorded at feedlot arrival and used as a covariate in Mixed models to assess the effects of temperament and interactions with breed on response variables. Calm heifers had 4% heavier initial BW, gained 12% more per day, consumed 8% more DMI per day and had 4% more favorable G:F than excitable heifers. There was a temperament x breed interaction (P < 0.01) for RFI, whereby DMI per BW0.75 and RFI decreased as REV increased in Braford heifers but not in heifers of the other 3 breeds. Calm heifers had 10% greater head-down duration, 9% greater bunk visit (BV) duration, and had 11% shorter time-to-bunk than excitable heifers. Calm heifers had 9% greater meal duration, and consumed meals that were 22% longer and 17% larger compared with excitable heifers. Frequency of BV and meal events were not affected by temperament, but calmheifers had 12% more BV events per meal then excitable heifers. Carcasses of calm heifers were 4% heavier, had 7% greater BF depth, and 4% higher YG than carcasses of excitable heifers. Steaks from calm heifers were more tender then steaks from excitable heifers. Based on a carcass grid that accounted for tenderness-value differences, calm heifers generated $62 more income then excitable heifers, demonstrating that temperament is an important economically relevant trait. Systems that sort calves based on temperament into targeted production-outcome groups, could reduce within-group variation in production efficiency and carcass quality, adding value to the beef production chain. Advisors/Committee Members: Herring, Andy D (advisor), Hale, Daniel S (advisor), Carstens, Gordon E (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Beef; Temperament; Cattle; RFI; Exit Velocity

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APA (6^th Edition):

Olson, C. A. (2017). The Effect of Temperament at Feedlot Arrival on Growth Efficiency, Feeding Behavior, and Carcass Value in Beef Heifers. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/166108

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Olson, Cameron Alexander. “The Effect of Temperament at Feedlot Arrival on Growth Efficiency, Feeding Behavior, and Carcass Value in Beef Heifers.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/166108.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Olson, Cameron Alexander. “The Effect of Temperament at Feedlot Arrival on Growth Efficiency, Feeding Behavior, and Carcass Value in Beef Heifers.” 2017. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Olson CA. The Effect of Temperament at Feedlot Arrival on Growth Efficiency, Feeding Behavior, and Carcass Value in Beef Heifers. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/166108.

Council of Science Editors:

Olson CA. The Effect of Temperament at Feedlot Arrival on Growth Efficiency, Feeding Behavior, and Carcass Value in Beef Heifers. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/166108

16. Peach, Jody Lynea. Environmental and nutritional effects on beef tenderness in Texas.

Degree: MS, Nutrition, 2004, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1177

► Effects of three environments and their native or rye pasture forage systems on subsequent carcass characteristics, composition, and meat palatability were examined following grain feeding.… (more)

▼ Effects of three environments and their native or rye pasture forage systems on subsequent carcass characteristics, composition, and meat palatability were examined following grain feeding. Calves (F2 Angus x Bos indicus) with similar pre-weaning management and genetics were randomly assigned to one of eight treatments (McGregor-Calf; McGregor-Low; Uvalde-Low; Uvalde-High; Overton-Low, Rotational; Overton-Low, Continuous; Overton-High, Rotational; and Overton-High, Continuous). After approximately five months of grazing, cattle in forage groups were transported to McGregor and finished on a corn-milo ration to visually assessed 10 mm fat thickness. Longissimus muscle sections were randomly assigned into aging periods of 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, or 35 days and two-2.54 cm steaks were removed per section for Warner-Bratzler shear force and trained sensory analysis. After grazing, steers fed diets designed to produce higher rates of gain weighed more than steers at the same location fed diets designed for lower rates of gain. Within the high nutrition treatments, Uvalde-High steers had a lower average daily gain than steers in the Overton-High treatments. Differences in environment and nutritional treatments induced differences in rate of gain during the stocker phase. All forage treatment groups increased average daily gain in the feedlot phase. After the feedlot phase, steers varied in live weight due to treatment. Nutritional/environmental treatments affected ribeye area; kidney, pelvic and heart fat; and hot carcass weight, but not final yield grade. Treatment had minimal affects on quality grade characteristics. There was no affect by treatment on Warner-Bratzler shear force or sensory panel perception of myofibrillar tenderness, connective tissue amount, overall tenderness, or overall flavor intensity. Storage day affected shear force; steaks were toughest at 1 and 7 days of storage with shear force values decreasing after 7 days of storage. There was no interaction between environmental/nutritional treatment and storage day. Juiciness and cook loss were affected by treatment (P=0.0001). Overall, environment and nutrition had little impact on eating quality. Despite differences in average daily gain, it appears that steers may be fed forage diets followed by grain feeding to a similar fat thickness endpoint and produce steaks that are similar in palatability to grain-fed steers. Advisors/Committee Members: Miller, Rhonda K. (advisor), Carstens, Gordon E. (committee member), Kothmann, Merwyn M. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: beef tenderness; meat palatability; growth rate; grazing environment

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APA (6^th Edition):

Peach, J. L. (2004). Environmental and nutritional effects on beef tenderness in Texas. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1177

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Peach, Jody Lynea. “Environmental and nutritional effects on beef tenderness in Texas.” 2004. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1177.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Peach, Jody Lynea. “Environmental and nutritional effects on beef tenderness in Texas.” 2004. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Peach JL. Environmental and nutritional effects on beef tenderness in Texas. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2004. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1177.

Council of Science Editors:

Peach JL. Environmental and nutritional effects on beef tenderness in Texas. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2004. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1177

17. Bourg, Brandi Marie. Evaluation of a mathematical model in predicting intake of growing and finishing cattle.

Degree: MS, Animal Science, 2009, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010

► The Cattle Value Discovery System (CVDS) was developed to predict growth and feed requirements of individual cattle fed in groups based on animal, diet, and… (more)

▼ The Cattle Value Discovery System (CVDS) was developed to predict growth and feed requirements of individual cattle fed in groups based on animal, diet, and environment information (Tedeschi et al., 2006). Evaluations of the CVDS using several databases of finishing cattle were conducted to determine the accuracy and precision of the model in predicted dry matter required (DMR) of pen-fed cattle. As well, the sensitivity of the model’s predictions to deviations from actual ration metabolizable energy (ME) value was conducted. A meta-analysis of growing and finishing steers evaluated to model’s accuracy in predicting DMR of individually fed steers, and the relationships between several model-predicted variables and actual performance and efficiency measures. Results for the first CVDS model evaluation involving pen-fed Santa Gertrudis cattle fed finishing diets revealed that accurate predictions of DMR are possible. The average mean bias for both steers and heifers was 2.43%. The sensitivity analysis of dietary ME values revealed that the model tends to consistently over- and under-predict DMR when the ME values are under- and over-estimated, respectively. However the ranking of pens was not affected by this mis-estimation of diet ME. In the second evaluations, both methods (mean body weight; MBW, dynamic iterative model; DIM) of CVDS were highly accurate and precise in allocating feed to pens of steers fed diverse types of diets and environmental conditions, with both models having a mean bias under 4%. The DIM model was slightly more accurate than the MBW model in predicting DMR. An evaluation of sources of variation revealed that for both models a large portion of the error was random, indicating that further work is needed to account for this variation. The meta-analysis study revealed that the model was able to account for 64% and 67% of the variation in observed dry matter intake (DMI) for growing and finishing steers, respectively. The two model-predicted efficiency measures, the ratio of DMR to average daily gain (ADG) and predicted intake difference (PID), were strongly to moderately correlated with their observed efficiency counterparts. In growing and finishing steers, DMR: ADG was able to account for 76% and 64% of the variation in observed feed conversion ratio (FCR) in growing and finishing studies, respectively. Strong correlations were also found between residual feed intake (RFI) and PID, suggesting that there may also be some similarity on these two measurements. Advisors/Committee Members: Tedeschi, Luis O. (advisor), Carstens, Gordon, E. (committee member), Rouquette, F. M. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Modeling; Feed Intake; Growing and Finishing Cattle

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Bourg, B. M. (2009). Evaluation of a mathematical model in predicting intake of growing and finishing cattle. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bourg, Brandi Marie. “Evaluation of a mathematical model in predicting intake of growing and finishing cattle.” 2009. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bourg, Brandi Marie. “Evaluation of a mathematical model in predicting intake of growing and finishing cattle.” 2009. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Bourg BM. Evaluation of a mathematical model in predicting intake of growing and finishing cattle. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010.

Council of Science Editors:

Bourg BM. Evaluation of a mathematical model in predicting intake of growing and finishing cattle. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010

18. Bingham, Glenda Marie. The relationship between residual feed intake and feeding behavior in growing heifers.

Degree: MS, Animal Science, 2009, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1412

► The objective of this study was to determine if feeding behavior traits are correlated with performance and feed efficiency traits in growing heifers. Individual dry… (more)

▼ The objective of this study was to determine if feeding behavior traits are correlated with performance and feed efficiency traits in growing heifers. Individual dry matter intake (DMI) was measured in Brangus heifers (n = 115) fed a roughage-based diet (ME = 2.1 Mcal/kg) for 70 d using Calan gate feeders (6 heifers/pen). Residual feed intake (RFI) was computed as the residuals from linear regression of DMI on mid-test BW0.75 and average daily gain (ADG). Heifers with the highest (n = 18) and lowest (n = 18) RFI were identified for feeding behavior measurements. During days 28 through 56 of the 70-d feeding trial, continuous video recordings were obtained for all heifers. Video images of two sets of four 24-h periods, two weeks apart, were analyzed for the focal animals. All occurrences of feeding were timed and counted per day, and the eight 24-h periods averaged to derive the overall feeding event (FE) and meal duration and frequency for each focal heifer. Total feeding event duration was defined as the total min per day the animal’s head was down in the feed bunk. A meal included all visits an animal made to the feed bunk that were separated by less than 5 min. The mean RFI values for the low and high RFI heifers were (mean ± SE) - 1.03 and 1.00 ± 0.03 kg/d, respectively. Low RFI heifers consumed 21.9% less (P < 0.0001) DMI, but had similar BW and ADG compared to high RFI heifers. Heifers with low RFI spent more time (P < 0.0001) eating (152 vs 124 ± 4.26 min/d) at a lower eating rate (62.8 vs 99.6 ± 3.28 g/min), but had similar FE frequencies compared to high RFI heifers. Feeding event duration was negatively correlated with RFI while FE frequency and FE eating rate were positively correlated with RFI. However, meal duration and frequency were not correlated with RFI. Therefore, measuring FE characteristics could prove more useful than analyzing meals when trying to predict RFI. Additionally, eating rate appeared to be more closely related to RFI than any of the other feeding behavior traits measured. Advisors/Committee Members: Friend, Theodore H. (advisor), Carstens, Gordon E. (committee member), Kothmann, Merwyn M. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: RFI; cattle

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bingham, G. M. (2009). The relationship between residual feed intake and feeding behavior in growing heifers. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1412

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bingham, Glenda Marie. “The relationship between residual feed intake and feeding behavior in growing heifers.” 2009. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1412.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bingham, Glenda Marie. “The relationship between residual feed intake and feeding behavior in growing heifers.” 2009. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Bingham GM. The relationship between residual feed intake and feeding behavior in growing heifers. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1412.

Council of Science Editors:

Bingham GM. The relationship between residual feed intake and feeding behavior in growing heifers. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1412

19. Hemphill, Courtney Nicole. Effect of Monensin and Forage Source on Digestion and Energy Metabolism in Limit-Fed Beef Cows.

Degree: MS, Animal Science, 2017, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/165979

► As beef demand increases and available land resources are diminished, innovative approaches to livestock production are required to meet global demand for food. One such… (more)

▼ As beef demand increases and available land resources are diminished, innovative approaches to livestock production are required to meet global demand for food. One such strategy is the intensification of cow-calf systems, which allow for greater dietary control during times of limited forage availability. Monensin, an ionophore feed additive, may have value in intensified cow-calf operations by increasing feed utilization and energy efficiency. Furthermore, forage source may affect digestion and ruminal fermentation of limit-fed diets. Three experiments were designed to determine the effect of monensin on energy and nitrogen balance in nutrient-restricted bred heifers and to evaluate the effect of differing forage sources in a limit-fed total mixed ration (TMR) as well as consequences of limit feeding on voluntary intake and ruminal fill. Monensin had no effect on intake (P > 0.94) or digestion (P > 0.52) in limit-fed bred heifers. There were also no differences (P > 0.16) observed in fecal, urinary, methane, or heat energy losses due to monensin inclusion, and thus, monensin also had no effect (P = 0.36) on RE. Nitrogen balance did not differ (P > 0.13) between control and monensin heifers. In assessing the inclusion of varying forage sources in a limit-fed TMR, DE intake was greater (P < 0.03) for bermudagrass than alfalfa with milo stalks being intermediate. Dry matter digestion (DMD) was greater (P < 0.02) for wheat straw and bermudagrass than milo stalks, and there was a tendency (P = 0.06) for alfalfa DMD to be lower than wheat straw DMD. Organic matter, NDF, and ADF digestion were greater (P < 0.02) for wheat straw than alfalfa or milo stalks. Ruminal DM fill was not different (P = 0.18) between treatments and averaged 4.90 kg; however, liquid fill was greater (P < 0.02) for alfalfa and milo stalk treatments than bermudagrass with a tendency (P = 0.06) for wheat straw to also be greater than bermudagrass. Ruminal solid passage rate was greatest (P < 0.01) for steers consuming wheat straw diets and not different between bermudagrass, alfalfa, and milo stalk diets. Dry matter intake and ruminal DM fill following feed restriction remained lower (P < 0.04) than pre-trial levels, while ruminal liquid fill returned to pre-trial levels by d 10 of refeeding. Results of these experiments suggest that adding monensin to limit-fed, corn stalk-based diets has little effect on the energy and nitrogen balance of confined heifers. Additionally, there does not seem to be a clear advantage of feeding one forage over another when considering limit-fed TMR, and voluntary intake and ruminal fill are not restricted following a prolonged period of limit feeding. Advisors/Committee Members: Wickersham, Tryon A (advisor), Sawyer, Jason E (advisor), Carstens, Gordon E (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Beef cows; Digestion; Energy balance; Forage; Limit feeding; Monensin

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hemphill, C. N. (2017). Effect of Monensin and Forage Source on Digestion and Energy Metabolism in Limit-Fed Beef Cows. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/165979

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hemphill, Courtney Nicole. “Effect of Monensin and Forage Source on Digestion and Energy Metabolism in Limit-Fed Beef Cows.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/165979.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hemphill, Courtney Nicole. “Effect of Monensin and Forage Source on Digestion and Energy Metabolism in Limit-Fed Beef Cows.” 2017. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Hemphill CN. Effect of Monensin and Forage Source on Digestion and Energy Metabolism in Limit-Fed Beef Cows. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/165979.

Council of Science Editors:

Hemphill CN. Effect of Monensin and Forage Source on Digestion and Energy Metabolism in Limit-Fed Beef Cows. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/165979

20. Gutierrez Banuelos, Hector. Use of novel compounds to reduce methane production and in pre-harvest strategies to decrease foodborne pathogens.

Degree: PhD, Animal Science, 2009, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2640

► The first aim of this study (Chapter III), the effects of chlorate and nitroethane on foodborne pathogens and rumen fermentation were evaluated. The experimental chlorate… (more)

▼ The first aim of this study (Chapter III), the effects of chlorate and nitroethane on foodborne pathogens and rumen fermentation were evaluated. The experimental chlorate product, reduced (P < 0.001) fecal, but not ruminal (P > 0.05) E. coli concentrations by 1000- and 10-fold by 24 and 48 h after chlorate feeding when compared to pre-treatment concentrations (> 5.7 log10 colony forming units/g). Nitroethane treatment decreased (P < 0.01) ruminal (8.46, 7.91 and 4.74 ± 0.78 μmol/mL h-1) and fecal (3.90, 1.36 and 1.38 ± 0.50 μmol/g h-1) methane-producing activity for treatments 0, 80 and 160 mg nitroethane/kg body weight per day, respectively. Whole animal methane emissions, expressed as L/d or as a proportion of gross energy intake (%GEI) were unaffected by nitroethane treatment (P > 0.05). The second aim of this study (Chapter IV) was conducted to examine the effects of nitroethane and monensin on ruminal fermentation and nitro-metabolizing bacterial populations in vitro. The addition of nitroethane decreased methane production (μmol/mL) by at least 90%. The most probable number (MPN) of nitro-metabolizing bacterial populations was increased (P < 0.01) with the addition of nitroethane by at least 3 log10 cells/mL compared with monensin, monensin plus nitroethane or the control group. The final aim of this study (Chapter V) evaluated the effect of two sources of tannins, chestnut (CT) and mimosa (MT) on foodborne pathogens when applied as a hide-intervention and as a feed additive to feedlot cattle. Tannin spray application showed no effect of treatment or application-time (P > 0.05) on E. coli/total coliforms and total aerobes. Chestnut tannin decreased bacterial load of ruminal E. coli and total coliform by at least 0.4 log10 CFU/mL. However, fecal E. coli concentrations were increased with mimosa by 0.3 log10 CFU/g. Also, fecal total coliforms increased with the addition of chestnut or mimosa by at least 0.3 log10 CFU/g. Fecal Campylobacter concentrations (log10 CFU/g) increased with the addition of chestnut and mimosa by at least 0.4 log10 CFU/g. Advisors/Committee Members: Carstens, Gordon E. (advisor), Anderson, Robin C. (committee member), Pinchak, William E. (committee member), Tedeschi, Luis O. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Methane; Foodborne pathogens

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gutierrez Banuelos, H. (2009). Use of novel compounds to reduce methane production and in pre-harvest strategies to decrease foodborne pathogens. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2640

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gutierrez Banuelos, Hector. “Use of novel compounds to reduce methane production and in pre-harvest strategies to decrease foodborne pathogens.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2640.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gutierrez Banuelos, Hector. “Use of novel compounds to reduce methane production and in pre-harvest strategies to decrease foodborne pathogens.” 2009. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Gutierrez Banuelos H. Use of novel compounds to reduce methane production and in pre-harvest strategies to decrease foodborne pathogens. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2640.

Council of Science Editors:

Gutierrez Banuelos H. Use of novel compounds to reduce methane production and in pre-harvest strategies to decrease foodborne pathogens. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2640

Texas A&M University

21. Horrocks, Shane Michael. Effects of short-chain nitrocompounds against Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in vitro.

Degree: MS, Nutrition, 2007, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5022

► Campylobacter is an important human pathogen that colonizes the gut of food producing animals. In this study, the effects of 2-nitro-1-propanol, 2-nitroethanol, nitroethane, and 2-nitro-methyl-propionate… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Campylobacter; nitrocompound

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APA (6^th Edition):

Horrocks, S. M. (2007). Effects of short-chain nitrocompounds against Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in vitro. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5022

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Horrocks, Shane Michael. “Effects of short-chain nitrocompounds against Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in vitro.” 2007. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5022.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Horrocks, Shane Michael. “Effects of short-chain nitrocompounds against Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in vitro.” 2007. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Horrocks SM. Effects of short-chain nitrocompounds against Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in vitro. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2007. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5022.

Council of Science Editors:

Horrocks SM. Effects of short-chain nitrocompounds against Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in vitro. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2007. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5022

Texas A&M University

22. Kurz, Michael Wayne. Nutritional modulation of immunity and physiological responses in beef calves.

Degree: MS, Nutrition, 2004, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1096

► Twenty-four crossbred steer calves (235 + 6 kg initial BW) were weaned, adapted to a growing diet, trained to use Calan feeders and assigned to… (more)

▼ Twenty-four crossbred steer calves (235 + 6 kg initial BW) were weaned, adapted to a growing diet, trained to use Calan feeders and assigned to one of four treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement as follows: (1) no transit stress and saline injection, (2) no transit stress and trace mineral and vitamin E (TM/VitE) injections, (3) transit stress and saline injection and (4) transit stress and TM/VitE injection. TM/VitE injections consisted of MultiminTM to provide 0.3, 0.6, 0.15 and 0.6 mg of Cu, Mn, Se, and Zn/kg BW, respectively, and Vita ETM to provide 9 IU of VitE/kg BW on d 0 and 21 of the study. On d 24, transit-stressed steers were subjected to a three-d, 2000-km, transportation period. During the 56-d experiment, liver and serum samples were assayed to assess trace mineral status, antibody titers to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) measured to assess humoral immunity and phytohemagglutinin(PHA)- and ovalbumin(OVA)-induced skin swelling and lymphocyte proliferation measured to assess cellular immunity. TM/VitE-injected steers grew slower (P < 0.05) over the first 24 d of the experiment and tended (P = 0.10) to grow slower after transit. TM/VitE injections increased (P < 0.05) liver Cu and Zn concentrations 135 and 21 % by d 30, respectively. TM/VitE-injected steers had increased (P < 0.05) serum Cu on d 24 and 26, but decreased (P < 0.05) serum Zn and whole blood Se compared to saline-injected steers on d 24 and 56. TM/VitE injections increased serum α-tocopherol concentrations. TM/VitE injections did not affect humoral immunity, but decreased (P < 0.05) skin-swelling responses to PHA on d 21, and decreased (P < 0.05) lymphocyte proliferation to OVA and KLH. Transit-stressed steers had higher (P < 0.05) serum Cu on d 26, and higher (P < 0.05) liver Cu concentrations on d 56 than non-transit-stressed steers. Transit stress did not affect serum Zn or whole blood Se concentrations. Injections of TM/VitE increased Cu, Zn and vitamin E, but not Se status. The TM/VitE treatment suppressed growth and cellular immune function suggesting that levels of trace minerals used in this study were too high. Advisors/Committee Members: Carstens, Gordon E. (advisor), Herd, Dennis (committee member), Waghela, Surya (committee member), Welsh, Thomas (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: trace minerals; immunity; stress

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kurz, M. W. (2004). Nutritional modulation of immunity and physiological responses in beef calves. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1096

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kurz, Michael Wayne. “Nutritional modulation of immunity and physiological responses in beef calves.” 2004. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1096.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kurz, Michael Wayne. “Nutritional modulation of immunity and physiological responses in beef calves.” 2004. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Kurz MW. Nutritional modulation of immunity and physiological responses in beef calves. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2004. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1096.

Council of Science Editors:

Kurz MW. Nutritional modulation of immunity and physiological responses in beef calves. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2004. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1096

Texas A&M University

23. Brown, Erin Gwen. Sources of biological variation in residual feed intake in growing and finishing steers.

Degree: PhD, Nutrition, 2006, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3207

► Objectives of this research were to characterize residual feed intake (RFI) in growing and finishing steers and examine phenotypic correlations between performance, feed efficiency, carcass,… (more)

▼ Objectives of this research were to characterize residual feed intake (RFI) in growing and finishing steers and examine phenotypic correlations between performance, feed efficiency, carcass, digestib ility, and physiological indicator traits. The research included two growing studies and one finishing study. Braunvieh-sired crossbred steers (n = 169) and Santa Gertrudis steers (n = 120) were individually fed a roughage-based diet for 77 d during the growing phase. Santa Gertrudis steers (n = 120) were individually fed a grain-based diet for 80 d during the finishing phase. Individual body weight (BW) and feed intake data were recorded. Residual feed intake was calculated as the difference between actual dry matter intake (DMI) and DMI predicted from linear regression of DMI on mid-test metabolic BW. During the growing phase, initial ultrasound measures of 12th rib fat thickness (FT) and final ultrasound measures of Longissimus muscle area (LMA), FT, and intramuscular fat (IMF) were obtained. During the finishing phase, initial and final LMA, FT, and IMF ultrasound measurements were obtained. Finishing steers were slaughtered at 1.0 cm of FT and carcass cooler traits measured. Blood samples were collected at the start and end of each feeding period and analyzed for physiological indicators. Temperament traits were also measured at the start and end of each feeding period. Growing and finishing steers with low RFI consumed 19-22% less feed than growing and finishing steers with high RFI, but did not differ in average daily gain (ADG). Consequently, steers with low RFI were also more efficient as measured by feed conversion ratio and partial efficiency of growth. Steers with low RFI had less FT compared to steers with high RFI. Initial serum IGF-I was correlated with RFI in growing steers indicating that IGF-I could be a potential indicator trait for RFI in growing cattle. Additionally, RFI was correlated with digestibility to indicate more efficient cattle had higher dry matter digestibility. Results indicate that RFI has potential to allow producers to select more efficient animals without increasing growth rate. Moreover, serum IGF-I may facilitate early detection and more accurate selection of animals that are superior for growing RFI. Advisors/Committee Members: Carstens, Gordon E. (advisor), Forbes, T. D. A. (committee member), Randel, Ronald D. (committee member), Welsh, Thomas (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: beef cattle nutrition; feed efficiency

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APA (6^th Edition):

Brown, E. G. (2006). Sources of biological variation in residual feed intake in growing and finishing steers. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3207

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Brown, Erin Gwen. “Sources of biological variation in residual feed intake in growing and finishing steers.” 2006. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3207.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Brown, Erin Gwen. “Sources of biological variation in residual feed intake in growing and finishing steers.” 2006. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Brown EG. Sources of biological variation in residual feed intake in growing and finishing steers. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2006. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3207.

Council of Science Editors:

Brown EG. Sources of biological variation in residual feed intake in growing and finishing steers. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2006. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3207

Texas A&M University

24. Krueger, Wimberley K. Understanding Beef Cattle Efficiency: I) Understanding Physiological and Digestive Factors Affecting Residual Feed Intake and II) Tannin Supplementation: Effects on Animal Performance, Fermentation, and Carcass Traits.

Degree: PhD, Nutrition, 2010, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-08-901

► Objectives of this study were 1) to characterize the relationship between beef cattle efficiency, namely residual feed intake (RFI), and digestive, microbial, and fermentation parameters… (more)

▼ Objectives of this study were 1) to characterize the relationship between beef cattle efficiency, namely residual feed intake (RFI), and digestive, microbial, and fermentation parameters in growing beef calves and 2) to examine the effects of added dietary hydrolysable or condensed tannin on animal performance and efficiency, fermentation and carcass and non-carcass traits. To accomplish the first objective, multiple RFI studies were conducted and in all studies RFI was calculated as the difference between actual and expected dry matter intake (DMI) based on average gaily gain (ADG) and body weight0.75(BW). A total of 187 head selected out of a population of 600 head of growing beef calves were evaluated for diet and nutrient digestibility, ruminal and fecal volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentrations and methane producing activity (MPA). Low RFI calves consumed less DMI and had lower feed conversion ratios (FCR) as compared to high RFI calves. Low RFI calves also had higher diet and nutrient digestibilities compared to high RFI calves. Residual feed intake was negatively correlated with diet and nutrient digestibilities such that more efficient animals had higher digestibilities. Low RFI calves tended to have lower ruminal propionate and higher acetate:propionate ratios when fed a high-forage diet. Calves with divergent RFI did not have different gross microbial populations as evidenced by the Firmicute:Bacteriodetes ratio, but low RFI calves tended to have higher fecal Prevotella spp. and lower fecal Spirochaetes and ruminal Cyanobacteria. The importance of these subtle shifts in microbial ecology is not evident at this time and more research is needed to fully elucidate the interaction of host and microbes to fully grasp the importance of minor microbial deviations. No differences in 3 h MPA were detected in low vs. high RFI calves but low RFI calves had higher fecal MPA when sampled at 24 h; however, calculated methane emissions were lower for low RFI calves. Tannin supplementation had no effect on animal performance and efficiency, ruminal fermentation VFA concentrations, MPA, or ammonia concentrations in finishing beef steers. There was also no detrimental effect of tannins on carcass traits; however, hydrolysable tannin supplementation resulted in increased empty rumen mass. Results from these studies indicate that diet and nutrient digestibility are affected by RFI such that more efficient calves had higher DMD, microbial ecology is responsive to RFI such that minor microbial shifts were observed, and tannin supplementation, at the current inclusion rate, had no effect on animal and carcass performance. Advisors/Committee Members: Carstens, Gordon E. (advisor), Tedeschi, Luis O. (committee member), Anderson, Robin C. (committee member), Forbes, T. David A. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: residual feed intake; digestibility; beef cattle

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APA (6^th Edition):

Krueger, W. K. (2010). Understanding Beef Cattle Efficiency: I) Understanding Physiological and Digestive Factors Affecting Residual Feed Intake and II) Tannin Supplementation: Effects on Animal Performance, Fermentation, and Carcass Traits. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-08-901

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Krueger, Wimberley K. “Understanding Beef Cattle Efficiency: I) Understanding Physiological and Digestive Factors Affecting Residual Feed Intake and II) Tannin Supplementation: Effects on Animal Performance, Fermentation, and Carcass Traits.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-08-901.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Krueger, Wimberley K. “Understanding Beef Cattle Efficiency: I) Understanding Physiological and Digestive Factors Affecting Residual Feed Intake and II) Tannin Supplementation: Effects on Animal Performance, Fermentation, and Carcass Traits.” 2010. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Krueger WK. Understanding Beef Cattle Efficiency: I) Understanding Physiological and Digestive Factors Affecting Residual Feed Intake and II) Tannin Supplementation: Effects on Animal Performance, Fermentation, and Carcass Traits. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2010. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-08-901.

Council of Science Editors:

Krueger WK. Understanding Beef Cattle Efficiency: I) Understanding Physiological and Digestive Factors Affecting Residual Feed Intake and II) Tannin Supplementation: Effects on Animal Performance, Fermentation, and Carcass Traits. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-08-901

Texas A&M University

25. Jacobs Hollenbeck, Regina. Evaluation of adrenal function, growth, carcass characteristics, blood metabolites, hematological and immune parameters in Angus, Brahman, Bonsmara X Angus and Bonsmara beef steers.

Degree: MS, Physiology of Reproduction, 2006, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4435

► Adrenal function, blood metabolites, hematological parameters, growth, and carcass characteristics were compared in tropically-adapted (Brahman,) intermediate (Bonsmara and Bonsmara X Angus crossbred,) and temperate (Angus;… (more)

▼ Adrenal function, blood metabolites, hematological parameters, growth, and carcass characteristics were compared in tropically-adapted (Brahman,) intermediate (Bonsmara and Bonsmara X Angus crossbred,) and temperate (Angus; n=10 each) beef steers. An adrenal gland challenge was conducted, entailing serial blood collection at 15-min intervals for a 12.5-h period, with administration of exogenous ACTH (0.1 IU/kg BW) 2.5-h into the experiment. Steers were maintained on Coastal bermudagrass pastures overseeded with ryegrass for five month; body weights and blood samples were obtained every 21 days. An anterior pituitary/adrenal gland challenge was conducted, entailing serial blood collection at 120, 90, 60 and 30 min prior to, and 10, 20, 30, 60 and 120 min following administration of exogenous CRH (0.1 ug/kg BW). Physical and physiological signs of heat stress were assessed, and blood samples were obtained for analysis. Exit velocity was measured. Carcass characteristics were determined post-slaughter. Statistical analysis was conducted using ANOVA for repeated measures, using least square means and PearsonÃ¢ÂÂs and SpearmanÃ¢ÂÂs correlation analyses. Bonsmara and Bonsmara X Angus had lower basal cortisol (CS) than Angus and Brahman steers. Angus steers had greater adrenal responsiveness to ACTH, and responded faster to CRH than the other breedtypes. Bonsmara steers were slower in responding to CRH, and returning to basal CS following ACTH or CRH administration. Angus and Bonsmara X Angus grew faster during the finishing phase than Brahman or Bonsmara steers. Angus had higher quality grades than other breedtypes; rib-eye area and hot carcass weight were greater in Angus than Brahman steers, but similar among Angus, Bonsmara X Angus and Bonsmara steers. Angus and Brahman were less docile than Bonsmara and Bonsmara X Angus steers. Angus steers had higher respiration rates and serum concentrations of sodium, lower aldosterone during moderate heat exposure, and lesser serum concentrations of glucose, urea and cholesterol than tropically-influenced breedtypes. Angus had rectal and surface temperatures similar to those of Brahman, but greater than those of Bonsmara X Angus or Bonsmara steers. Intermediate breedtypes like the Bonsmara provide a compromise to producers, allowing them to address the demands of consumers while raising cattle better suited to survival in tropical climates. Advisors/Committee Members: H., Welsh Jr., Thomas (advisor), Carstens, Gordon E. (committee member), Forbes, T.D.A. (committee member), Randel, Ronald D. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Stress; Growth

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APA (6^th Edition):

Jacobs Hollenbeck, R. (2006). Evaluation of adrenal function, growth, carcass characteristics, blood metabolites, hematological and immune parameters in Angus, Brahman, Bonsmara X Angus and Bonsmara beef steers. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4435

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jacobs Hollenbeck, Regina. “Evaluation of adrenal function, growth, carcass characteristics, blood metabolites, hematological and immune parameters in Angus, Brahman, Bonsmara X Angus and Bonsmara beef steers.” 2006. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4435.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jacobs Hollenbeck, Regina. “Evaluation of adrenal function, growth, carcass characteristics, blood metabolites, hematological and immune parameters in Angus, Brahman, Bonsmara X Angus and Bonsmara beef steers.” 2006. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Jacobs Hollenbeck R. Evaluation of adrenal function, growth, carcass characteristics, blood metabolites, hematological and immune parameters in Angus, Brahman, Bonsmara X Angus and Bonsmara beef steers. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2006. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4435.

Council of Science Editors:

Jacobs Hollenbeck R. Evaluation of adrenal function, growth, carcass characteristics, blood metabolites, hematological and immune parameters in Angus, Brahman, Bonsmara X Angus and Bonsmara beef steers. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2006. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4435

Texas A&M University

26. Ribeiro, Flavio. THE RELATIONSHIP OF FEED EFFICIENCY WITH PERFORMANCE, ULTRASOUND, CARCASS AND NON-CARCASS TRAITS IN BEEF CATTLE.

Degree: PhD, Animal Science, 2010, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-05-318

► The first objective was to estimate total internal fat in beef cattle based on a technique that measures kidney fat (uKFd) using real-time ultrasound (RTU).… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Residual Feed Intake; ultrasound

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ribeiro, F. (2010). THE RELATIONSHIP OF FEED EFFICIENCY WITH PERFORMANCE, ULTRASOUND, CARCASS AND NON-CARCASS TRAITS IN BEEF CATTLE. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-05-318

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ribeiro, Flavio. “THE RELATIONSHIP OF FEED EFFICIENCY WITH PERFORMANCE, ULTRASOUND, CARCASS AND NON-CARCASS TRAITS IN BEEF CATTLE.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-05-318.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ribeiro, Flavio. “THE RELATIONSHIP OF FEED EFFICIENCY WITH PERFORMANCE, ULTRASOUND, CARCASS AND NON-CARCASS TRAITS IN BEEF CATTLE.” 2010. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Ribeiro F. THE RELATIONSHIP OF FEED EFFICIENCY WITH PERFORMANCE, ULTRASOUND, CARCASS AND NON-CARCASS TRAITS IN BEEF CATTLE. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2010. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-05-318.

Council of Science Editors:

Ribeiro F. THE RELATIONSHIP OF FEED EFFICIENCY WITH PERFORMANCE, ULTRASOUND, CARCASS AND NON-CARCASS TRAITS IN BEEF CATTLE. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-05-318

Texas A&M University

27. Lancaster, Phillip Allan. Sources of biological variation in residual feed intake in beef cattle.

Degree: PhD, Animal Science, 2009, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2642

► Objectives of this study were to characterize residual feed intake (RFI) in growing calves and to examine relationships with growth, carcass composition, physiological indicators, energy… (more)

▼ Objectives of this study were to characterize residual feed intake (RFI) in growing calves and to examine relationships with growth, carcass composition, physiological indicators, energy metabolism and reproduction. To accomplish these objectives, multiple experiments were conducted. In all experiments, RFI was calculated as the difference between actual DMI and expected DMI from linear regression of DMI on mid-test metabolic BW and ADG. To examine the relationships between RFI and rate and composition of growth, and reproduction an experiment was conducted with postweaning Brangus heifers (N = 348). Measures of carcass composition (longissimus muscle area, LMA; and 12th rib fat thickness, BF) were obtained by ultrasound at the start and end of each experiment. To determine if serum IGF-I concentration is associated with RFI, two experiments were conducted with Angus bulls and heifers (N = 95) divergently selected for serum IGF-I concentration. To evaluate relationships with energy metabolism, calves with low and high RFI were selected for determination of heart rate as an indicator trait for energy expenditure (4 experiments) and liver mitochondrial function (3 experiments). Residual feed intake was not correlated with ADG, but was positively correlated with gain in BF such that the more efficient calves were leaner. Calves from the low IGF-I selection line had lower RFI suggesting that RFI and IGF-I are related and that IGF-I could be used as an indicator trait to aid in selection for improved RFI in Angus cattle. Calves with low RFI had lower energy expenditure and greater mitochondrial acceptor control ratios than calves with high RFI suggesting improved regulation of energy metabolism. A similar percentage of heifers with low RFI attained puberty as those with high RFI by the end of the experiment. Results from this study indicate that producers can utilize RFI to select for improved feed efficiency with minimal impact on growth, carcass composition and reproduction. Advisors/Committee Members: Carstens, Gordon E. (advisor), Forbes, T. D. A. (committee member), Forrest, David W. (committee member), Welsh Jr., Thomas H. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Beef Cattle; Residual feed intake

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Lancaster, P. A. (2009). Sources of biological variation in residual feed intake in beef cattle. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2642

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lancaster, Phillip Allan. “Sources of biological variation in residual feed intake in beef cattle.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2642.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lancaster, Phillip Allan. “Sources of biological variation in residual feed intake in beef cattle.” 2009. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Lancaster PA. Sources of biological variation in residual feed intake in beef cattle. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2642.

Council of Science Editors:

Lancaster PA. Sources of biological variation in residual feed intake in beef cattle. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2642

Texas A&M University

28. Archibeque, Shawn Louis. Finishing diets with elevated levels of alpha-linolenic acid increase feed efficiency and adipose lipogenesis but do not alter beef carcass quality.

Degree: PhD, Nutrition, 2004, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/154

► Forty-five Angus steers (358 kg BW) were utilized in a completely randomized block design with a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments to evaluate… (more)

▼ Forty-five Angus steers (358 kg BW) were utilized in a completely randomized block design with a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments to evaluate the hypothesis that differing dietary linolenic acid (from corn, flaxseed plus corn, or milo) and whole cottonseed (WCS) inclusion (0, 5, or 15% DM) would interact to alter fatty acid metabolism and deposition of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in subcutaneous (s.c.) and interfasicular (i.f.) adipose tissues, and thereby decrease carcass quality score. During the feeding period (135 d), steers receiving flaxseed or corn diets had a greater gain:feed ratio (0.119 and 0.108, respectively) than steers receiving the milo diet (0.093). Following transportation to a local abattoir and overnight starvation, there was less decrease in weight in flaxseed-fed steers (1.51%) than in steers fed the corn (2.89%) or milo diets (3.11%). Ribeye area of steers fed milo was less than that of steers fed the corn or flaxseed diets. Lipogenesis from acetate in s.c. adipose tissue was greater in steers fed flaxseed (5.42 nmol h-1 105 cells-1) than in the corn (3.10 nmol h-1 105 cells-1) or milo (1.92 nmol h-1 105 cells-1) groups. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) activity in s.c. adipose tissue was unchanged between the 0% WCS group (88.1 nmol mg protein-1 7 min-1) and the 15% WCS group (20 nmol mg protein-1 7 min-1). The i.f. saturated fatty acid percentages increased with increasing levels of WCS. The i.f. cis-9, trans-11 CLA percentage increased with increasing WCS in the steers fed the corn diet, whereas it remained unchanged or even decreased slightly in the steers fed the flaxseed or milo-based diets. Steers fed flaxseed had a greater s.c. adipose concentration of vaccenic acid (18:1trans-11) than the steers fed milo. Steers fed flaxseed also had greater s.c. and i.f. percentages of linolenic acid (18:3, n-3) than steers fed either of the other grain sources. Increased dietary linolenic acid from flaxseed may have increased s.c. adipocyte volume by stimulating lipogenesis. These data indicate that rations formulated to provide increased levels of linolenic acid (i.e., flaxseed) will increase feed efficiency and lipogenesis from acetate without altering either the quality or composition of the beef carcasses. Advisors/Committee Members: Smith, Stephen B. (advisor), Lunt, David K. (committee member), McNeill, John W. (committee member), Carstens, Gordon E. (committee member), Ringer, Larry J. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: beef steers; adipose metabolism; linolenic acid; conjugated dienes; acyl coenzyme A desaturase

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APA (6^th Edition):

Archibeque, S. L. (2004). Finishing diets with elevated levels of alpha-linolenic acid increase feed efficiency and adipose lipogenesis but do not alter beef carcass quality. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/154

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Archibeque, Shawn Louis. “Finishing diets with elevated levels of alpha-linolenic acid increase feed efficiency and adipose lipogenesis but do not alter beef carcass quality.” 2004. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/154.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Archibeque, Shawn Louis. “Finishing diets with elevated levels of alpha-linolenic acid increase feed efficiency and adipose lipogenesis but do not alter beef carcass quality.” 2004. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Archibeque SL. Finishing diets with elevated levels of alpha-linolenic acid increase feed efficiency and adipose lipogenesis but do not alter beef carcass quality. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2004. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/154.

Council of Science Editors:

Archibeque SL. Finishing diets with elevated levels of alpha-linolenic acid increase feed efficiency and adipose lipogenesis but do not alter beef carcass quality. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2004. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/154

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