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1.
Venter, Cindy.
Asphalt permeability and moisture damage.
Degree: MEng, Civil Engineering, 2019, Stellenbosch University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/105967 
► ENGLISH ABSTRACT: For several years the design methods for a pavement surface have evolved. Starting with the very first bituminous road surface which was laid…
(more)
▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: For several years the design methods for a pavement surface have evolved. Starting with the very first bituminous road surface which was laid in Paris, France, in the eighteen-fifties. The main purpose of a surfacing layer is to protect the underlying layers from moisture ingress. These supporting layers can absorb the forces imposed by repeated traffic if the layers are kept moisture-free. Thus, the only layer preserving the supporting layers is the bituminous surface mixture.
The research covered in this study analyses the permeability of asphalt surfacing specimens. The permeability of an asphalt surface is a measure of the amount of air, water and water vapour that penetrates the layer. Layers with adequately low permeability will promote long term durability of the surface and protect the underlying pavement layers from the ingress of water.
This research study is focused on investigating ‘Asphalt Permeability and Moisture Damage’. As part of this research study, extensive laboratory experiments and testing were required to investigate the permeability of asphalt cores and how moisture ingress influences the inter-connected voids. To determine if the inter-connected voids increased after MIST (Moisture Inducing Simulating Test) conditioning, CT-scanning (Computed Tomography) images were used for further analysis.
After initiating an extensive literature review and identifying factors which can influence the permeability of asphalt, an experimental research methodology was developed to achieve the primary and secondary objectives.
Several asphalt cores were acquired from different sources all over South Africa, which was used for laboratory testing. This research methodology was executed at
Stellenbosch University where all the results and conclusions related to this study were reported.
The primary objective of this research study is to analyse the permeability of asphalt cores by means of the laboratory Marvil and High Pressure Permeability (HPP) tests; and through this to determine the influence of pressure and moisture on the permeability of asphalt cores.
The secondary objectives of this research study are focused on the determination of the volumetric properties of various asphalt cores, and determining if a correlation exists between the:
• Marvil and HPP;
• Marvil and air void content; and
• HPP and air void content.
It was also necessary to develop asphalt permeability classification ranges for the Marvil and HPP under laboratory conditions.
The primary choice for testing permeability of asphalt surfacing in South Africa is the Marvil permeability test. This test uses no external pressure and is only reliable on the water pressure inside the apparatus at atmospheric pressure, which is minimal. The Marvil apparatus was re-designed for laboratory use, and then used to test the permeability of various asphalt cores for this research study.
A second permeability test was used in order to gain more insight into how pressure could affect the asphalt surfacing behaviour. The High…
Advisors/Committee Members: Jenkins, Kim Jonathan, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Civil Engineering..
Subjects/Keywords: Buildings, Dampness in; Asphalt – Permeability; Bituminous pavements; UCTD
…Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to… …for supporting me during my time at
Stellenbosch University.
My fellow Pavement Specials… …proud every day.
viii | P a g e
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
Dirk… …protector. I am blessed
abundantly by your grace.
ix | P a g e
Stellenbosch University https… …9
x|Page
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
2.4
Asphalt surfacing in…
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APA (6th Edition):
Venter, C. (2019). Asphalt permeability and moisture damage. (Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/105967
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Venter, Cindy. “Asphalt permeability and moisture damage.” 2019. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/105967.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Venter, Cindy. “Asphalt permeability and moisture damage.” 2019. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Venter C. Asphalt permeability and moisture damage. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/105967.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Venter C. Asphalt permeability and moisture damage. [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/105967
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
2.
De Wet, Christiaan Johannes.
A dry port as an expansion option for the Cape Town container terminal.
Degree: MScEng, Civil Engineering, 2014, Stellenbosch University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86235
► ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Currently maritime ports, including the Port of Cape Town, experience congestion, pollution and other logistics-related problems due to increasing levels of container traffic.…
(more)
▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Currently maritime ports, including the Port of Cape Town, experience congestion, pollution and other logistics-related problems due to increasing levels of container traffic. The presence of these problems has caused port planners, port operators and logistics firms to look for new solutions in this transport sector. The dry port concept, whereby offloaded containers are stored outside the maritime port in a dedicated logistics area, is recognized as a means for solving some of these major problems, thereby promoting economic development and logistics integration as well as reducing the demand on limited capacity (land and access) at the maritime port. Therefore, the core objective of this study is to demonstrate that the implementation of the dry port concept is a feasible alternative for expanding the throughput capacity of the Cape Town Container Terminal.
The Port of Cape Town is strategically one of the best placed ports in South Africa as it is positioned at the South Western extremity of the continent of Africa, thereby linking America and Europe with Asia, the Far East and Australia. Furthermore, the Port of Cape Town also forms a direct link between international trade and about three (3) million consumers in the Western Cape. The recent expansion of the Cape Town Container Terminal was a major investment which included the upgrading of equipment and the expansion of workable surface area, thereby increasing the container terminal yard capacity to 1.4million TEU (TEU = Twenty foot Equivalent Unit) per annum. However, this report showed that the abovementioned increase in volumes as well as the resulting congestion continues to be a challenge at the Port of Cape Town. Firstly, the predicted future container volumes show that the demand in the Port of Cape Town could reach between 1.9 million and 3.2 million TEU per annum by 2039. Secondly, the evaluation of the operational and infrastructural characteristics of the existing Cape Town Container Terminal demonstrated that container terminal yard (CY) area is the capacity limiting characteristic of the terminal and that the operational and infrastructural limits could be reached between 2018 and 2026.
The two main functions of a dry port in the Western Cape transportation network would be international trade processing and congestion relief, which are achieved through the duplication and supplementation of the Cape Town Container Terminal facilities at an inland location. The dry port would allow the Western Cape supply chain to absorb any future container volume demands that exceed the CY capacity of the Port of Cape Town and could potentially attract an annual throughput of 0.7 million TEU by 2039. Furthermore, the facility could address the problem of congestion in and around the greater Cape Town metropolitan, resulting in an improved transportation network that will have a positive effect on passenger traffic, productivity of trucks, competitiveness of the Port of Cape Town as well as the environmental sustainability of the…
Advisors/Committee Members: Toms, Geoff, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Civil Engineering..
Subjects/Keywords: Civil engineering
…Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
viii
Table of Contents
Declaration… …20
Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
ix
2.6.2
Virginia Inland Port… …48
Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
x
4.1
Introduction… …76
Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
xi
5.2.2
Container Crane… …102
Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
xii
7.3.4
Seasonality…
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APA (6th Edition):
De Wet, C. J. (2014). A dry port as an expansion option for the Cape Town container terminal. (Masters Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86235
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
De Wet, Christiaan Johannes. “A dry port as an expansion option for the Cape Town container terminal.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86235.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
De Wet, Christiaan Johannes. “A dry port as an expansion option for the Cape Town container terminal.” 2014. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
De Wet CJ. A dry port as an expansion option for the Cape Town container terminal. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86235.
Council of Science Editors:
De Wet CJ. A dry port as an expansion option for the Cape Town container terminal. [Masters Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86235
3.
Flores, Garth.
A stochastic model for sewer base flows using Monte Carlo simulation.
Degree: MSc, Civil Engineering, 2015, Stellenbosch University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96692
► ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis deals with understanding and quantifying the components that make up sewage base flows (SBF). SBF is a steady flow that is…
(more)
▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis deals with understanding and quantifying the components that make up sewage base flows (SBF). SBF is a steady flow that is ubiquitous in sewers, and is clearly seen when measuring the flow rate in the sewer between 03:00 and 04:00. The components of SBF are:
● return flow from residential night use,
● return flow from leaking plumbing,
● groundwater infiltration,
● stormwater inflow.
By understanding each component of SBF, this research can answer the burning question as to how much of the SBF was due to plumbing leaks on residential properties. While previous work on SBF had been done, the work focused on groundwater ingress and stormwater inflows, and thus not much had been said about plumbing leaks. Furthermore, previous work focused on SBF as an isolated sewer related topic, whereas this research integrated SBF as both a sewer related topic and water conservation and demand management (WCDM) topic.
Due to the high variability in each of the SBF components, a method of quantifying each component was developed using residential end-use modelling and Monte Carlo simulations. The author constructed the Leakage, Infiltration and Inflow Technique Model (LIFT Model). This stochastic model was built in MS Excel using the @Risk software add-on. The LIFT Model uses probability distributions to model the inflow variability. The results of the stochastic model were analysed and the findings discussed.
This research can be used by water utilities as a tool to better understand the SBF in networks. Armed with this knowledge, water utilities could make informed decisions about how to best reduce the high SBF encountered in networks.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie verhandeling bespreek die begrip en berekening van die komponente van riool nagvloei. Die nagvloei was duidelik wanneer die vloei in die rioolstelsel tussen 03:00 en 04:00 gemeet is. Die verskillende komponente van die nagvloei is:
● huishoudelike gebruik,
● lekkende krane en toilette,
● grondwaterinfiltrasie, en
● stormwaterinvloei.
’n Begrip van die komponente van nagvloei kan die brandende vraag van hoeveel nagvloei die gevolg van lekkende krane en toilette is, na aanleiding van die navorsing beantwoord. Vorige werk het op beter begrip van die grondwaterinfiltrasie en stormwaterinvloei gefokus en lekke het nie veel aandag geniet nie. Vorige werk het net op nagvloei as geïsoleerde rioolonderwerp gefokus, terwyl hierdie navorsing nagvloei as ’n onderwerp wat met riool verband hou, sowel as ’n waterverbruik- en behoeftebestuursonderwerp, ondersoek.
As gevolg van die groot verskil tussen elk van die komponente van die nagvloei, is ’n metode ontwikkel wat elke komponent kwantifiseer deur gebruik te maak van eindgebruik-modelle en Monte Carlo-simulasies. Die outeur het die Leakage Infiltration and Inflow Technique Model (LIFT-Model) gebou. Hierdie stogastiese model is in MS Excel, met behulp van die @Risk sagtewarebyvoeging gebou. Die LIFT-Model gebruik waarskynlikheidverspreidings om invloeivariasie te modelleer. Die resultate…
Advisors/Committee Members: Jacobs, H. E., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Civil Engineering..
Subjects/Keywords: Sewage base flows (SBF); Monte Carlo simulation; Sewers; UCTD
…Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
5.6
5.6.1
Range… …48
vii
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
7.2
Set up household size and… …77
viii
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
8.7.1
Diurnal pattern method… …A1
ix
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1-1… …85
x
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2-1 IWA…
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Flores, G. (2015). A stochastic model for sewer base flows using Monte Carlo simulation. (Masters Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96692
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Flores, Garth. “A stochastic model for sewer base flows using Monte Carlo simulation.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96692.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Flores, Garth. “A stochastic model for sewer base flows using Monte Carlo simulation.” 2015. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Flores G. A stochastic model for sewer base flows using Monte Carlo simulation. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96692.
Council of Science Editors:
Flores G. A stochastic model for sewer base flows using Monte Carlo simulation. [Masters Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96692
4.
Smit, Jacobus Petrus Johannes.
The quantification of prediction uncertainty associated with water quality models using Monte Carlo Simulation.
Degree: MEng, Civil Engineering, 2013, Stellenbosch University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85814
► ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Water Quality Models are mathematical representations of ecological systems and they play a major role in the planning and management of water resources…
(more)
▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Water Quality Models are mathematical representations of ecological systems and they play a major role in the planning and management of water resources and aquatic environments. Important decisions concerning capital investment and environmental consequences often rely on the results of Water Quality Models and it is therefore very important that decision makers are aware and understand the uncertainty associated with these models. The focus of this study was on the use of Monte Carlo Simulation for the quantification of prediction uncertainty associated with Water Quality Models.
Two types of uncertainty exist: Epistemic Uncertainty and Aleatory Uncertainty. Epistemic uncertainty is a result of a lack of knowledge and aleatory uncertainty is due to the natural variability of an environmental system. It is very important to distinguish between these two types of uncertainty because the analysis of a model’s uncertainty depends on it. Three different configurations of Monte Carlo Simulation in the analysis of uncertainty were discussed and illustrated: Single Phase Monte Carlo Simulation (SPMCS), Two Phase Monte Carlo Simulation (TPMCS) and Parameter Monte Carlo Simulation (PMCS). Each configuration of Monte Carlo Simulation has its own objective in the analysis of a model’s uncertainty and depends on the distinction between the types of uncertainty.
As an experiment, a hypothetical river was modelled using the Streeter-Phelps model and synthetic data was generated for the system. The generation of the synthetic data allowed for the experiment to be performed under controlled conditions. The modelling protocol followed in the experiment included two uncertainty analyses. All three types of Monte Carlo Simulations were used in these uncertainty analyses to quantify the model’s prediction uncertainty in fulfilment of their different objectives.
The first uncertainty analysis, known as the preliminary uncertainty analysis, was performed to take stock of the model’s situation concerning uncertainty before any effort was made to reduce the model’s prediction uncertainty. The idea behind the preliminary uncertainty analysis was that it would help in further modelling decisions with regards to calibration and parameter estimation experiments. Parameter uncertainty was reduced by the calibration of the model. Once parameter uncertainty was reduced, the second uncertainty analysis, known as the confirmatory uncertainty analysis, was performed to confirm that the uncertainty associated with the model was indeed reduced. The two uncertainty analyses were conducted in exactly the same way.
In conclusion to the experiment, it was illustrated how the quantification of the model’s prediction uncertainty aided in the calculation of a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL). The Margin of Safety (MOS) included in the TMDL could be determined based on scientific information provided by the uncertainty analysis. The total MOS assigned to the TMDL was -35% of the mean load allocation for the point source. For the sake of…
Advisors/Committee Members: Kamish, W., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Civil Engineering..
Subjects/Keywords: Civil engineering
…Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
Dedicated to my parents, Kobus and… …Martie Smit.
vii
Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
Table of Contents… …23
viii
Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
2.6.
2.6.1.
Introduction to… …80
ix
Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
4.7.3.
4.8.
Parameter Monte… …97
x
Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
List of Figures
Figure 2.1…
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Smit, J. P. J. (2013). The quantification of prediction uncertainty associated with water quality models using Monte Carlo Simulation. (Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85814
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Smit, Jacobus Petrus Johannes. “The quantification of prediction uncertainty associated with water quality models using Monte Carlo Simulation.” 2013. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85814.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Smit, Jacobus Petrus Johannes. “The quantification of prediction uncertainty associated with water quality models using Monte Carlo Simulation.” 2013. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Smit JPJ. The quantification of prediction uncertainty associated with water quality models using Monte Carlo Simulation. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85814.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Smit JPJ. The quantification of prediction uncertainty associated with water quality models using Monte Carlo Simulation. [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85814
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
5.
Nsabimana, Placide.
A method for prioritisation of concrete bridge inspections in South Africa.
Degree: MEng, 2015, Stellenbosch University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96770
► ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Bridges are amongst the most important structures of any highway network. Once the bridge construction is complete and a bridge is put into…
(more)
▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Bridges are amongst the most important structures of any highway network. Once the bridge
construction is complete and a bridge is put into service, it is subjected to deteriorations. An effective
condition assessment, as a component of bridge management system, is therefore necessary to keep
bridges in admissible conditions of safety and serviceability. In South Africa, some bridge authorities
do not have sufficient funds to carry out bridge inspections at required intervals. In the case where
bridge authorities have enough funds, a systematic inspection is performed, covering a number of
bridges that are not in need of inspection.
Inspection and maintenance for a limited number of bridges randomly chosen may result in an
increase of the number of bridges in critical conditions. A bridge inspection prioritisation method that
takes into account the need of inspection of bridges is therefore needed for South African highway
bridges.
This research provides a prioritisation method for concrete bridge inspections by integration of nonprofessional
inspectors, imagery inspection and deterioration models. To achieve the research
objectives of this study, a literature study has been carried out to understand bridge inspection practice
in general and South African practice in particular. The literature helped also to identify previous
works on bridge inspection prioritisation, the use of information from informal sources, imagery
inspection and involvement of non-professionals in bridge inspection and use of deterioration models
in bridge management. A survey has been conducted amongst South African bridge authorities in
order to fill the literature gaps. Inventory and inspection data of bridges managed by South African
National Roads Agency Limited (SANRAL) was used to develop a deterioration model by
considering bridge characteristics such as bridge age, number of spans, and bridge type.
Based on the literature review, results of surveys and estimated regression parameters, a bridge
inspection prioritisation method has been developed. This method comprises three phases. The first
phase is the initial screening that consists of an identification of bridges with critical defects that have
not been repaired yet. These bridges, to which are added bridges that have not been inspected in the
previous inspection, constitute the first inspection priority category. The second phase is an imagery
screening which is an analysis of digital photographs for detection of defects that need urgent
assessment by professional inspectors. The analysed photographs are taken by non-professional
inspectors and uploaded to the Bridge Management System. The third phase is a grouping of bridges
in inspection priority categories as a function of their physical characteristics and deteriorating factors
using deterioration modelling. The method has been applied on SANRAL bridges using inspection ratings of 2011-2012. 422
SANRAL bridges have been categorised in the first inspection priority group by…
Advisors/Committee Members: Wium, Jan, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept of Civil Engineering..
Subjects/Keywords: Concrete bridges – Inspection – South Africa; Concrete bridges – Inspection – Prioritisation method; UCTD
…Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
Table of contents
Dedication… …40
vii
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
Introduction… …80
viii
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
5.5.6
Effect of deck… …110
ix
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
List of figures
Figure 2-1. A… …71
x
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
Figure 5-13. Bridge description…
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APA (6th Edition):
Nsabimana, P. (2015). A method for prioritisation of concrete bridge inspections in South Africa. (Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96770
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Nsabimana, Placide. “A method for prioritisation of concrete bridge inspections in South Africa.” 2015. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96770.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Nsabimana, Placide. “A method for prioritisation of concrete bridge inspections in South Africa.” 2015. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Nsabimana P. A method for prioritisation of concrete bridge inspections in South Africa. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96770.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Nsabimana P. A method for prioritisation of concrete bridge inspections in South Africa. [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96770
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
6.
Zvinokona, Admire Ruvimbo.
Chloride induced corrosion of integral and non-integral surface treated lightweight foamed concrete.
Degree: MEng, Civil Engineering, 2018, Stellenbosch University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/103360
► ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Advancement in new technologies and methods of producing foaming agents have resulted in enhanced possibility of a structurally performing lightweight concrete. Lightweight foamed…
(more)
▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Advancement in new technologies and methods of producing foaming agents have resulted in enhanced possibility of a structurally performing lightweight concrete. Lightweight foamed concrete (LWFC) is a cement based composite material that has shown remarkable potential as a replacement to Normal Weight Concrete (NWC) for structural applications. LWFC stands as a low self-weight building material relatively compared to its counterpart, NWC. Other than reduced self-weight, it also possesses desirable properties such as good thermal insulation, excellent fire resistance, and high workability and self-levelling. Technical and engineering unfamiliarity of LWFC has contributed to inhibiting the material’s wider use and advancement for structural application. In addition to the above, limited literature on the material’s durability properties and performance under exposure to aggressive elements such as carbon dioxide and chlorides contribute as a drawback.
This thesis reports on a durability study on LWFC undertaken at Stellenbosch University (SU). LWFC beam specimens were exposed to cyclic wetting and drying periods using NaCl solution under controlled humidity and temperature conditions. The performance of two types of surface treatment agents in LWFC against preventing accelerated penetration of chloride ions and consequently chloride induced corrosion was the main focus. Chloride penetration was investigated by silver nitrate testing, and reinforcement corrosion was monitored via a non-destructive linear polarisation method using commercially available GECOR 10 corrosion rate measuring equipment.
The results indicated that inclusion of fly ash in reinforced LWFC reduces risk of dry shrinkage cracking, limiting localised corrosion on cracked locations. The surface applied silane-based water repellent treatment agent was effective in preventing moisture penetration, leading to the low reinforcement corrosion rates and chloride ion penetration depths.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geen opsomming beskikbaar
Advisors/Committee Members: Van Rooyen, Algurnon Steve, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Civil Engineering..
Subjects/Keywords: UCTD; Chlorides – Corrosion; Lightweight concrete – Service life; Concrete – Expansion and contraction
…Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
3.6.1
4
Experimental Design… …53
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
6.2
Conclusions… …77
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
List of Figures
Figure 1: Surface… …40
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
Figure 18: Typical silver nitrate… …52
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
List of Tables
Table 1…
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APA ·
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Export
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Zvinokona, A. R. (2018). Chloride induced corrosion of integral and non-integral surface treated lightweight foamed concrete. (Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/103360
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Zvinokona, Admire Ruvimbo. “Chloride induced corrosion of integral and non-integral surface treated lightweight foamed concrete.” 2018. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/103360.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Zvinokona, Admire Ruvimbo. “Chloride induced corrosion of integral and non-integral surface treated lightweight foamed concrete.” 2018. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Zvinokona AR. Chloride induced corrosion of integral and non-integral surface treated lightweight foamed concrete. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/103360.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Zvinokona AR. Chloride induced corrosion of integral and non-integral surface treated lightweight foamed concrete. [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/103360
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
7.
West-Russell, Michael Alexander.
An assessment of the inherent reliability of SANS 10162-2 for cold-formed steel columns using the direct strength method.
Degree: MEng, Civil Engineering, 2018, Stellenbosch University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/103554
► ENGLISH ABSTRACT: With their thin and slender nature, Cold formed Steel (CFS) elements can be forged into a large variety of cross sections. It is…
(more)
▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: With their thin and slender nature, Cold formed Steel (CFS) elements can be forged into a large variety of cross sections. It is recommended that the Direct Strength Method
(DSM), a modern design method, replaces the effective width method for the design of
CFS members.
Research by Bauer (2016) revealed that, using the DSM, there is an insufficient level of
safety provided by SANS 10162-2: design guide for Cold-Formed Steel Structures to
achieve the target reliability prescribed by SANS 10160-1: the basis of structural design.
This is partly due to a relatively high model uncertainty of the structural resistance. The
main objective of this study is to determine whether the level of safety provided by SANS
10160-1 is enough to ensure an overall acceptable level of reliability for CFS members.
A prequalified plain lipped C-section is considered for the investigation of the local and
global buckling failure modes. A prequalified lipped C-section with a web stiffener is
considered for the investigation of the distortional and global buckling failure modes.
Various member lengths are considered to ensure that all buckling modes are induced.
The Finite Strip Method (FSM) is performed to identify the three buckling modes.
The members are subject to four load cases. Of which, each had different combinations of
permanent, imposed and wind loads determined by partial factors and combination
factors presented in SANS 10160-1. For the purposes of this study, only the ultimate limitstate
was considered.
The considered limit-state is analysed in two parts; the semi- and full probabilistic
formulations of the limit-state. The former considers the structural resistance and the
load effect according to codified design. The latter considers the structural resistance and
the load effect as functions of random variables. The reliability analysis is conducted on
the full probabilistic formulation of the limit-state to assess the reliability achieved by
using the codified semi-probabilistic formulation of the limit-state.
Model factors are considered for the structural resistance and the load effect. The
structural resistance model factor is dependent on the buckling mode (Ganesan and Moen,
2010). A model factor for the permanent load is not considered and the model factor for wind load had been accounted for in the respective statistical moment parameters. A model factor for the imposed load is described by Holický (2009).
The statistical moment parameters of the permanent and imposed loads are described by
Holický (2009) and the statistical moment parameters of the wind load are described by
Botha (2016).
The global buckling mode yields the lowest reliability levels, ranging from β = 1.78
corresponding to an STR-P load combination to β = 2.87 corresponding to an STR load
combination. The safety margin present in SANS 10160-1 partially compensates for the
low level of reliability when the total load comprises of high proportions of imposed and
wind load. The low levels of reliability,…
Advisors/Committee Members: Van der Klashorst, Etienne, Viljoen, Celeste, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Civil Engineering..
Subjects/Keywords: UCTD; Steel – Welding; Reliability (Engineering); Finite strip method; Strength of materials
…Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
CHAPTER 5: Conclusion… …101
vii
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
List of Figures
Figure 2.1… …analysis .... 42
viii
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
Figure 3.3: Plain… …53
ix
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
List of Tables
Table 2.1: Pre… …71
x
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
Table 4.5: αQ for test one…
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APA (6th Edition):
West-Russell, M. A. (2018). An assessment of the inherent reliability of SANS 10162-2 for cold-formed steel columns using the direct strength method. (Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/103554
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
West-Russell, Michael Alexander. “An assessment of the inherent reliability of SANS 10162-2 for cold-formed steel columns using the direct strength method.” 2018. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/103554.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
West-Russell, Michael Alexander. “An assessment of the inherent reliability of SANS 10162-2 for cold-formed steel columns using the direct strength method.” 2018. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
West-Russell MA. An assessment of the inherent reliability of SANS 10162-2 for cold-formed steel columns using the direct strength method. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/103554.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
West-Russell MA. An assessment of the inherent reliability of SANS 10162-2 for cold-formed steel columns using the direct strength method. [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/103554
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
8.
Dippenaar, Jan Diederick.
The tensile properties of early age concrete and the experimental apparatus required for its determination.
Degree: MEng, Civil Engineering, 2015, Stellenbosch University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96866
► ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The early age cracking of concrete, which includes plastic shrinkage cracking (PShC) and plastic settlement cracking (PSeC), commonly occurs in flat concrete elements…
(more)
▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The early age cracking of concrete, which includes plastic shrinkage cracking (PShC) and plastic settlement cracking (PSeC), commonly occurs in flat concrete elements such as bridge decks and slabs or at the change of a concrete section depth. These cracks typically occur once the concrete has been cast and consolidated up to the final setting time, and initiate when the tensile stresses developed in the concrete exceeds its ultimate tensile strength or, alternatively phrased, when the restrained shrinkage induced strain in the concrete exceeds its tensile strain capacity. These cracks have a premature detrimental effect on the durability and strength of concrete structures as they allow deleterious materials to penetrate the concrete, which could cause the corrosion of steel reinforcing. With this in mind, the objective of this study is to gain a fundamental understanding of the tensile properties of early age concrete, up to the point of final setting, as well as the variables that affect these properties. This is done to better understand, and ultimately reduce the risk of early age cracking. To achieve this, experimental assemblies found in literature were evaluated and built upon to create a multi-component uniaxial tensile testing setup that is able to capture the complete stress-strain behaviour of early age concrete, while still in a plastic state. The following significant findings were attained from this study:
• Reducing the coarse aggregate size in a concrete mix increases both the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of early age concrete, while reducing both its fracture energy and fracture process zone (FPZ) characteristic length.
• The low volume addition of microfibres to a conventional concrete mix increases both the fracture energy and the FPZ characteristic length of early age concrete.
• The low volume addition of microfibres to a conventional concrete mix increases the strain capacity of early age concrete shortly before and after the initial setting time. This increased strain capacity is believed to be of great significance for the prevention of PShC.
• The addition of an accelerator to a conventional concrete mix accelerates the development of the tensile properties of early age concrete, while a retarder reduces it.
• The addition of a retarder to a conventional concrete mix increases the strain capacity of early age concrete shortly before and after the initial setting time. This provides a reason for the reduced PShC severity observed in retarded mixes in certain instances.
From this study it is concluded that the results from the tensile tests provide a greater understanding of the tensile properties of early age concrete as well as the variables that affect them. When interpreting these results in combination with those obtained from PShC experiments, it is suggested that it is possible to determine when and if PShC will occur.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die vroëe-ouderdom kraking van beton, wat plastiese krimp krake (PKK) en plastiese versakkings krake (PVK)…
Advisors/Committee Members: Combrinck, Riaan, Boshoff, William Peter, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Civil Engineering..
Subjects/Keywords: Early age concrete; Tensile testing; Tensile material properties; UCTD
…Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
5.3.4
Fibres… …108
vii
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
7.4.3
Young’s modulus… …131
viii
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
9.2
Interpretation of… …149
ix
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
List of Figures
Figure 2.1… …x29; ...........25
x
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
Figure 2.21…
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Dippenaar, J. D. (2015). The tensile properties of early age concrete and the experimental apparatus required for its determination. (Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96866
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Dippenaar, Jan Diederick. “The tensile properties of early age concrete and the experimental apparatus required for its determination.” 2015. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96866.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Dippenaar, Jan Diederick. “The tensile properties of early age concrete and the experimental apparatus required for its determination.” 2015. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Dippenaar JD. The tensile properties of early age concrete and the experimental apparatus required for its determination. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96866.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Dippenaar JD. The tensile properties of early age concrete and the experimental apparatus required for its determination. [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96866
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
9.
Nel, Coenraad Josephus.
Developing a structured professional development program for engineering professionals within the public sector environment.
Degree: MScEng, Civil Engineering, 2013, Stellenbosch University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85671
► ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa is currently experiencing a time in which existing infrastructure is reaching its design life end. With a growing economy and the…
(more)
▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa is currently experiencing a time in which existing infrastructure is
reaching its design life end. With a growing economy and the increased level of
social development, existing infrastructure is under extreme pressure. South Africa is
also facing a challenge in which a need exists for engineering capabilities. These
capabilities include engineering skills to maintain and manage existing infrastructure,
plan for new infrastructure and construct new needed infrastructure.
This study looks at a possible solution towards the above mentioned challenges. As
a solution, the study proposes a professional development program to prepare
engineers to work in the environment of infrastructure development. More specifically
the program prepares civil engineers to work in public sector organisations
responsible for basic service infrastructure.
The research for the proposed professional development program is done by
comparing literature with feedback received from various industry professionals. By
doing this, the components for the proposed program were researched and identified.
The components for the proposed program are professional work experience,
professional training and structured mentorship. A further deliverable of the proposed
program is to assist candidates taking part in the program to register as professional
engineers on completion of the program. The study further showed the proposed
program should be structured in such a way that all the components mentioned
above work together interactively and should be centrally managed to ensure all the
goals for the program are being reached.
It is further stated that if the proposed program could successfully be implemented
and if all the stakeholders commit towards the goal of the proposed program, the
program could have a significant positive impact towards the challenges mentioned
above.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika beleef tans 'n tyd waarin bestaande infrastruktuur besig is om hul ontwerp
tydperk te bereik. Met 'n groeiende ekonomie en die verhoogde vlak van
maatskaplike ontwikkeling is bestaande infrastruktuur onder geweldige druk. Suid-
Afrika staar ook tans `n uitdaging in die gesig in verband met onvoldoende getalle
professionele ingenieurs, veral in die omgewing van die instandhouding van
bestaande infrastruktuur, die konstruksie van nuwe infrastruktuur, en die beplanning
van verdere nodige infrastruktuur.
Hierdie studie ondersoek dus 'n moontlike oplossing tot bogenoemde uitdagings. As
'n moonlike oplossing stel die studie voor dat `n professionele ontwikkelingsprogram
vir ingenieurs saamgestel word. So `n program sal dus ingenieurs oplei en voorberei
vir werk binne die openbare sektor wat verantwoordelik is vir die ontwikkeling en
bestuur van basiese dienste infrastruktuur.
Die navorsing vir die voorgestelde professionele ontwikkeling program is gedoen
deur bestaande literatuur te vergelyk met inligting ontvang vanaf verskeie
professionele ingenieurs in die praktyk. Deur dit te doen,…
Advisors/Committee Members: Wium, J. A., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Civil Engineering..
Subjects/Keywords: Civil engineering
…Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
3.2 Interview questions… …71
vi
Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
6.2.1 South Africa – ECSA… …112
vii
Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
8.6.4 National industry… …121
viii
Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1… …Chapter 9
116
x
Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
LIST OF ACRONYMS AND…
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Nel, C. J. (2013). Developing a structured professional development program for engineering professionals within the public sector environment. (Masters Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85671
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Nel, Coenraad Josephus. “Developing a structured professional development program for engineering professionals within the public sector environment.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85671.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Nel, Coenraad Josephus. “Developing a structured professional development program for engineering professionals within the public sector environment.” 2013. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Nel CJ. Developing a structured professional development program for engineering professionals within the public sector environment. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85671.
Council of Science Editors:
Nel CJ. Developing a structured professional development program for engineering professionals within the public sector environment. [Masters Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85671
10.
Stuart, Duncan Charles Alistair.
Characterizing long wave agitation in the port of Ngqura using a Boussinesq wave model.
Degree: MScEng, Civil Engineering, 2013, Stellenbosch University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85567
► ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The port of Ngqura is situated on the east coast of South Africa. Since its first operational winter excessive vessel motions have interrupted…
(more)
▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The port of Ngqura is situated on the east coast of South Africa. Since its first operational winter
excessive vessel motions have interrupted container shipping operations and lead to mooring line
failure. A major component contributing to the excessive motions is the presence of seiching in the
port, resonating long waves. This study investigates the long wave generation, penetration into the
port and subsequent resonance in the vicinity of the problem berths.
An extensive literature review identified two predominant types of long waves along the coast of
South Africa. Long waves with periods over 12 min generated by resonant air-water coupling and
then shorter long waves between 30 s and 6 min attributed to bound long wave energy and broadly
speaking, surf beat. A review of the state of the art long wave modelling techniques was included
and contributed to the methodology in this study.
Analysis of simultaneous measurements from the outside and inside of the port confirmed the
generating mechanism of the long waves to be storm systems also responsible for generating short
waves. Long waves outside the port were found to be on average 8% of the height of the short
waves. On average 90% of the long wave height outside the port penetrated the port. The
measurements further identified distinct resonating periods of the long wave energy inside the port.
Calibrated Boussinesq wave models allowed for identification of how long waves penetrated the port
and subsequently resonated. Both surface elevation measurements and white noise spectra were
used as inputs. The penetration mechanisms were attributed to direct diffraction around the main
breakwater as well as reflection off the beach south of the port leading to refraction and reflection
off the lee side of the main breakwater. Tests with both free and bound long waves proved that at
least for some period intervals the long wave energy was indeed bound to short waves. The excessive vessel motions are attributed to berths positioned in line with nodes created by the
resonating long waves; nodes are characterized by strong horizontal currents which can induce surge
motions in vessels. Various long waves between the period intervals of 45 s to 125 s resonate in the
port to generate nodes at the berths of interest.
In conclusion, the port of Ngqura is susceptible to a range of long wave periods resulting in
significant basin oscillations which present nodes at mooring places. As a result of the analyses in this
study the mechanisms of interaction between the port, port basins and the long waves penetrating
into the port directly, or via the surf zone as surf beats, have been modelled, documented and better
understood. This provides the potential for better prediction of severe long wave events and for the
investigation of feasible mitigation measures to prevent damage to moored ships in the port.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Ngqura hawe is aan die ooskus van Suid-Afrika geleë. Sedert die hawe se eerste operasionele
…
Advisors/Committee Members: Toms, Geoff, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Civil Engineering..
Subjects/Keywords: Civil engineering
…Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
University of Stellenbosch… …81
viii
Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
University of Stellenbosch… …125
ix
Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
University of Stellenbosch… …Kofoed-Hansen et al., 2005). ........... 24
x
Stellenbosch University http… …41
xi
Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
University of Stellenbosch…
Record Details
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Share »
Record Details
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Stuart, D. C. A. (2013). Characterizing long wave agitation in the port of Ngqura using a Boussinesq wave model. (Masters Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85567
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Stuart, Duncan Charles Alistair. “Characterizing long wave agitation in the port of Ngqura using a Boussinesq wave model.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85567.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Stuart, Duncan Charles Alistair. “Characterizing long wave agitation in the port of Ngqura using a Boussinesq wave model.” 2013. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Stuart DCA. Characterizing long wave agitation in the port of Ngqura using a Boussinesq wave model. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85567.
Council of Science Editors:
Stuart DCA. Characterizing long wave agitation in the port of Ngqura using a Boussinesq wave model. [Masters Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85567
11.
Van der Westhuizen, Daniel Erasmus.
Using synthetic fibres in concrete to control drying shrinkage cracking in concrete slabs-on-grade.
Degree: MScEng, Civil Engineering, 2013, Stellenbosch University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85696
► ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Macro synthetic fibre reinforced concrete (SynFRC) is a relatively new concrete for the purpose of being used in structural elements which only require…
(more)
▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Macro synthetic fibre reinforced concrete (SynFRC) is a relatively new concrete for the purpose of
being used in structural elements which only require minimum reinforcement and are supported
continuously by sub-layers. One structural element that is of particular interest is slabs-on-grade
which is supported by a subgrade/sub-base and requires minimum reinforcement to control the
shrinkage strains which may result in cracking.
The aim of this project is to investigate the potential use of macro SynFRC in the application of
controlling drying shrinkage cracking (DSC) in concrete slabs-on-grade. The focus is on the use of
concrete slabs-on-grade that is intended for industrial floors.
The SynFRC material parameters of interest were characterised first with the aid of various
experimental tests. These are: flexural tests, compression tests, friction tests between the SynFRC and
wooden surfaces used for full scale testing, and the shrinkage of the concrete.
Next the post-cracking tensile behaviour of the SynFRC was determined by way of an inverse
analysis. These tensile responses were subsequently used to perform a series of different finite
element analyses. These analyses were performed on specific slabs-on-grade to determine the effects
of the added tensile behaviour of the SynFRC on the DSC.
The results obtained concerned: the spacing of cracks, the maximum and average crack width, and the
difference in crack width between the normal concrete (NC) and the SynFRC. These changes take
place in accordance to the concrete age. From the analyses it was determined that the addition of
fibres gives the concrete a ductility that allows the concrete to crack more than NC, yet does not allow
the cracks to propagate. This applies to low fibre contents of less than 0.4% by volume and a slab
thickness of 200mm, as well as to fibre contents that have Re,3 values of 0.51 and higher. Moreover, it
results in improvements seen when adding fibres if the friction is sticky, meaning when the maximum
friction between the slab and the subgrade is reached with a very small amount of movement. With a
stickier friction though smaller crack widths occur within both the NC and the SynFRC.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Makro sintetiese vesel versterkte beton (SynFRC) is 'n relatiewe nuwe beton. Dit het ten doel om
gebruik te word in strukturele elemente wat minimale versterking benodig en wat deurlopend deur
sublae ondersteun word. Een spesifieke strukturele element van belang is grondvloere wat deur 'n
sublaag ondersteun word en wat minimale ondersteuning benodig om die krimping vervorming te
beheer wat moontlike krake kan veroorsaak.
Die doel van die projek was om die potensiële gebruik van makro sintetiese vesels te ondersoek
tydens die beheer van die uitdroog krimp kraking van 'n beton grondvloer. Die fokus was op die
gebruik van betonvloere vir fabrieksdoeleindes.
Die eienskappe van SynFRC materiale is vooraf vasgestel vir die doel van verskeie eksperimentele
toetse. Hierdie toetse sluit in…
Advisors/Committee Members: Boshoff, W. P., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Civil Engineering..
Subjects/Keywords: Civil engineering
…Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
5.2
Experimental Results & Discussion… …105
vii
Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
7.4
Chapter 8
Concluding… …128
viii
Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
List of Figures
Figure 2.1… …40
ix
Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
Figure 4.10 Frictional shear… …61
x
Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
Figure 5.28 Indirect tensile…
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« Share
❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Van der Westhuizen, D. E. (2013). Using synthetic fibres in concrete to control drying shrinkage cracking in concrete slabs-on-grade. (Masters Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85696
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Van der Westhuizen, Daniel Erasmus. “Using synthetic fibres in concrete to control drying shrinkage cracking in concrete slabs-on-grade.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85696.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Van der Westhuizen, Daniel Erasmus. “Using synthetic fibres in concrete to control drying shrinkage cracking in concrete slabs-on-grade.” 2013. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Van der Westhuizen DE. Using synthetic fibres in concrete to control drying shrinkage cracking in concrete slabs-on-grade. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85696.
Council of Science Editors:
Van der Westhuizen DE. Using synthetic fibres in concrete to control drying shrinkage cracking in concrete slabs-on-grade. [Masters Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85696
12.
Hoppe, Mark Mathew.
Validation of computational fluid dynamics model of a simple pump sump with vertical intake.
Degree: MScEng, Civil Engineering, 2014, Stellenbosch University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86337
► ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The designs of pump intake structures are generally verified by means of a hydraulic model study to ensure the structure will operate without…
(more)
▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The designs of pump intake structures are generally verified by means of a hydraulic model study to ensure the structure will operate without large air or swirl entraining vortices. This is an expensive and time consuming process. The popularity of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is ever increasing in the engineering world and the use thereof in the modelling of flows in pump intake structures is just one of the many areas of focus. The use of a validated CFD model in the design phase of pump intakes would be beneficial, and ideally would reduce the frequency of requiring hydraulic model studies.
This study investigates the applicability of using a 3 dimensional CFD model as a design tool by validation with a physical model. A physical model of a simple pump intake was available and with a few modifications the flow conditions were significantly improved. The quantitative validation of the CFD model was carried out by means of comparing corresponding point velocity magnitudes. An Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) was used in the physical model. The data obtained were successfully filtered to remove noise and other disturbances. The qualitative validation was done by means of photographs and observations. The photographs made use of illuminated tracer particles to identify flow patterns.
The CFD model compares well qualitatively, but the velocity magnitudes are not yet sufficiently reliable. It is recommended that the CFD model can be used for qualitative studies, but future research should focus on the accuracy of the CFD model. Using higher resolution velocity measurements in the physical model by means of other types of instruments, a better comparison can be made, as well as enabling validation of the ADV readings.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die ontwerpe van die pomp inname strukture word gewoonlik bevestig deur middel van 'n hidrouliese model studie om lug-intrekking te minimeer. Dit is 'n duur en tydrowende proses . Die gebruik van Computational Fluid Dynamics ( CFD ), ‘n tipe numeriese modelle neem toe in die ingenieurswese wêreld. Die gebruik daarvan in die modellering van vloei in pomp inname strukture is net een van die vele areas van toepassing . Die gebruik van 'n betroubare CFD model in die ontwerp fase van pomp innames sal voordelig wees , en ideaal sou die noodaaklikheid van fisiese hidrouliese model studies verminder.
Hierdie studie ondersoek die toepaslikheid van die gebruik van 'n 3 -dimensionele model CFD model as 'n ontwerp instrument deur bevestiging met 'n fisiese model . 'n Eenvoudige pomp-inname model was beskikbaar en het met ‘n paar veranderinge die vloei toestande aansienlik verbeter . Die kwantitatiewe bevestiging van die CFD model is uitgevoer deur middel van vergelyking van korresponderende punt snelheid groottes. In die fisiese model is die snelhede met 'n Akoestiese Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) gemeet. Die data wat verkry is suksesvol gefiltreer om geraas en ander versteurings te verwyder . Die kwalitatiewe bevestiging is gedoen deur middel van foto's en waarnemings.…
Advisors/Committee Members: Kamish, W., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Civil Engineering..
Subjects/Keywords: Civil engineering
…Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
6.1
Introduction… …134
vii | P a g e
Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
LIST OF FIGURES… …37
viii | P a g e
Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
Figure 3.13… …71
ix | P a g e
Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
Figure 4.8 - Dye… …x|Page
Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
Figure 5.11 - Pathlines…
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APA (6th Edition):
Hoppe, M. M. (2014). Validation of computational fluid dynamics model of a simple pump sump with vertical intake. (Masters Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86337
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hoppe, Mark Mathew. “Validation of computational fluid dynamics model of a simple pump sump with vertical intake.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86337.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hoppe, Mark Mathew. “Validation of computational fluid dynamics model of a simple pump sump with vertical intake.” 2014. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Hoppe MM. Validation of computational fluid dynamics model of a simple pump sump with vertical intake. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86337.
Council of Science Editors:
Hoppe MM. Validation of computational fluid dynamics model of a simple pump sump with vertical intake. [Masters Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86337
13.
Marx, Hendrig.
Thermal behaviour of a novel cellular beam structural system in fire.
Degree: MEng, Civil Engineering, 2018, Stellenbosch University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/103350
► AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suider-Afrikaanse Instituut vir Staalkonstruksie (SAISC) het 'n modulêre staalraamstruktuur ontwikkel wat bestaan uit sellulêre balke. Die selulêre balkstruktuur (SBS) bevat geen beton…
(more)
▼ AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suider-Afrikaanse Instituut vir Staalkonstruksie (SAISC) het 'n modulêre staalraamstruktuur ontwikkel wat bestaan uit sellulêre balke. Die selulêre balkstruktuur (SBS) bevat geen beton nie, wat vinniger oprigting moontlik maak en dus die konstruksiekoste aansienlik verminder. Die vervaardigde staal elemente word saamgestel om panele te
vorm wat relatief liggewig is, en wat maklik na die bouperseel vervoer kan word, waar hulle op verskillende maniere opgestel kan word. Die panele kan maklik in die toekoms hergebruik word en byvoegings aan bestaande geboue kan gemaak word. Dus kan meer
ekonomiese staalgeboue in 'n korter tydperk gebou word. Soos vir alle strukture, vereis
die SBS egter 'n brandweerstandsgradering. As gevolg van die unieke en komplekse opset
van die SBS, sal standaard-voorgeskrewe brandontwerpmetodes tot konserwatiewe en
onekonomiese ontwerpe lei, in terme van passiewe brandbeveiligingsmaatreëls. Dus is 'n meer gevorderde prestasie-gebaseerde metode gebruik in hierdie projek, wat van eindige element (EE) ontledings gebruik maak om die gedrag van die SBS in 'n brand te bepaal.
Hierdie tesis, wat deel uitmaak van 'n groter navorsingsprojek, het die termiese gedrag
van die SBS ondersoek. Termiese hitte-oordragontledings is in ABAQUS uitgevoer om die staalbalke en die binne-vloer se temperature te bepaal. Die EE-modelle is bevestig op grond van 'n eksperimentele studie, waarin vier kleinskaalse standaard-vuurtoetse uitgevoer
is. Die eksperimentele en numeriese resultate toon oor die algemeen goeie korrelasie, met variasies in resultate binne die grense van wat verwag word in eksperimentele brandnavorsing.
Voorlopige valideringstudies vanuit die literatuur is ook uitgevoer, waaruit goeie korrelasies behaal is. Dit het die toepaslikheid van die hitte-oordrag modelleringsprosedures
in ABAQUS bevestig en sluit die modellering van gaping-bestraling in.
Die vloerstelsel van die SBS, wat groot balke bevat wat nie by die kleinskaalse eksperimentele toetse ingesluit is nie, is ondersoek deur EE-modelle te ontwikkel vir elk van
die balk elemente in die vloer, wat die vloerborde en staalplate insluit. 'n Addisionele EE-model is ontwikkel vir elk van die balkmodelle, waarvoor die plafonbord weggelaat is, wat veroorsaak dat die staalplaat direk aan die vuur blootgestel word. Dit verteenwoordig
'n mees ongewenste geval waarin die integriteit van die plafonbord heeltemal misluk en af val tydens 'n brand. Dit word voorspel dat die temperatuurverspreiding deur die
dwarssnitte oneweredig is, met die onderste flens- en boonste flenstemperature wat wissel
tussen 220°C en 48°C vir die primêre and sekondêre sellulêre balke, en tussen 176°C en
95°C vir die kanaalbalke, wat die vloerstelsel ondersteun. Sonder die plafonbord word
'n verskil in temperatuur-toename van 300°C tot 500°C verwag, in vergelyking met die
plafonbordmodelle. Dit beklemtoon die belangrikheid van die plafonbord en die invloed
wat dit op die staalbalk-temperature het.
Daar is gevind dat die vloerstelsel, soos tans…
Advisors/Committee Members: Walls, Richard Shaun, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Civil Engineering..
Subjects/Keywords: Finite element analysis; Heat transfer; Sandwich floor system; Thermal analysis; Building materials – Testing; Condition monitoring (Structural engineering); UCTD
…Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
Contents
Declaration
i
Abstract
ii… …vii
1
1
4
6
7
8
8
8
9
14
17
20
23
33
35
36
37
37
37
38
41
44
Stellenbosch University… …Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
List of Figures
1.1 SAISC cellular beam structure… …51
52
53
53
53
54
54
54
54
54
54
55
55
56
57
57
57
Stellenbosch University https… …conguration for J-beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Stellenbosch University…
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Marx, H. (2018). Thermal behaviour of a novel cellular beam structural system in fire. (Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/103350
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Marx, Hendrig. “Thermal behaviour of a novel cellular beam structural system in fire.” 2018. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/103350.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Marx, Hendrig. “Thermal behaviour of a novel cellular beam structural system in fire.” 2018. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Marx H. Thermal behaviour of a novel cellular beam structural system in fire. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/103350.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Marx H. Thermal behaviour of a novel cellular beam structural system in fire. [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/103350
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
14.
Kime, Robyn Laura.
A two-dimensional numerical model for the investigation of the effects of dams on the Zambezi River Delta.
Degree: MEng, Civil Engineering, 2014, Stellenbosch University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86402
► ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Zambezi River is the largest east-draining river in Africa. It captures runoff from 8 different countries before draining into the Indian Ocean…
(more)
▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Zambezi River is the largest east-draining river in Africa. It captures runoff from 8
different countries before draining into the Indian Ocean in Mozambique through the
Zambezi Delta which is recognised as a (Ramsar) Wetland of international importance. The
Zambezi River flows are currently regulated by four large hydropower dams within its
catchment. Much attention has been given in recent literature to the detrimental effects of the
altered flow regime as a result of dams on the Zambezi River and the Delta in particular.
Existing research relating to these negative effects includes many detailed ecological,
hydrological and qualitative morphological studies but to date no detailed morphological
modelling studies have been conducted in this regard.
In this thesis a two-dimensional coupled hydrodynamic and morphological numerical model
of the Zambezi Delta is created using topographical information obtained from a navigational
study (Rio Tinto, 2011). The model hydrodynamics are calibrated using recorded water levels
and flows at two gauging stations within the model domain. The bed load sediment transport
is calibrated using field measurements (ASP, 2012b). The effects of dams on the Zambezi Delta are investigated by performing two 10 year
simulations, one representing the current (post-dam) scenario and the other representing a
pre-dam scenario. These simulation results show a significant decrease in flooded areas and
sediment movement on the floodplains as a result of dams. Additional effects on channel
widths and depth, on bed gradings, and on tidal water level variations are analysed.
The model is then used to simulate a proposed environmental flood release scenario. Such
releases have been recommended as a means to partially mitigate the negative impacts of
dams on the Zambezi River. In this case an annual flood release supplying a peak flow of
8500 m3/s (slightly less than the pre-dam mean annual flood of 10 000 m3/s) was found to cause slightly more flooding of the close floodplains and to have small effects on the river
channel width.
The model predicts hydrodynamics and bed sediment transport of non-cohesive sediments
with suitable accuracy but an issue with the suspended transport of cohesive sediments was
identified. Recommendations are made for addressing the suspended sediment transport
inaccuracy. The model, in its current form, can provide quantitative information regarding the
hydrodynamics and course sediment transport of the general delta region on a coarse scale.
With additional computational resources and accurate topographical information the model
can be refined to give accurate predictions for localised areas within the delta. Such
information would be valuable to specialist studies addressing the environmental effects of
various proposed flooding scenarios or future dams.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Zambezirivier is die grootste oos-dreineerende rivier in Afrika. Dit ontvang afloop van ag
verskillende lande voor dit in die Indiese…
Advisors/Committee Members: Basson, G. R., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Civil Engineering..
Subjects/Keywords: Civil engineering
…Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION… …10
vii
Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
2.2
2.2.1
Effects of dams on… …63
viii
Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
4
5
6
3.5
Bed sediment… …A
ix
Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2-1
Mean… …53
x
Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
Figure 3-9
Sub-catchment zones…
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Kime, R. L. (2014). A two-dimensional numerical model for the investigation of the effects of dams on the Zambezi River Delta. (Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86402
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kime, Robyn Laura. “A two-dimensional numerical model for the investigation of the effects of dams on the Zambezi River Delta.” 2014. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86402.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kime, Robyn Laura. “A two-dimensional numerical model for the investigation of the effects of dams on the Zambezi River Delta.” 2014. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Kime RL. A two-dimensional numerical model for the investigation of the effects of dams on the Zambezi River Delta. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86402.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Kime RL. A two-dimensional numerical model for the investigation of the effects of dams on the Zambezi River Delta. [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86402
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
15.
Du Plessis, Lodewicus Johannes.
Hydraulic model investigation of sediment control measures at low weir river diversion works.
Degree: MSc, Civil Engineering, 2015, Stellenbosch University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96954
► ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Rivers are one of the earth's major readily available sources of fresh water. Abstractions from rivers are however not without problems. Firstly, river…
(more)
▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Rivers are one of the earth's major readily available sources of fresh water. Abstractions from
rivers are however not without problems. Firstly, river
ow is variable and to deliver a constant
yield is difficult. Secondly, rivers transport sediment which will be included in the diverted
ow.
Sediment control at diversion works have been studied for many years and this study attempts
to gain further knowledge on certain sediment control features of diversion works.
Sediment control at diversion works and abstraction works is crucial to prolong the life of the
mechanical components like pumps and turbines. A Commonly used diversion works design
is one with a low weir and a graveltrap. The weir dams water for abstraction, which is of
importance in South Africa with its variable rainfall and river
ow.
The study focused on the following design features of diversion works: (1) the intake angle, which
is the angle at which the structure is pushed into the river, (2) the intake opening height above
a datum, (3) the river
ow range where sediment is sufficiently scoured from the graveltrap
and (4) the efficiency and river
ow range of sediment
ushing through a sluice gate at the
graveltrap.
A Physical model study was conducted in the laboratory of the
University of
Stellenbosch, which
consisted of designing the diversion works that were to be tested. The designs were based on
guidelines from previous studies, case studies and hydraulic principles. The above mentioned
features (1-4) were studied at three structures with prototype weir sizes of 2.5 m, 3.5 m and 4.5
m. The river was modelled as a straight rectangular channel with a loose bed surface, which
was simulated with crushed peach pips. Sediment was also fed into the system with a conveyor
belt feed system.
Pumps were used to abstract water and sediment through the intake opening, during the diverted
sediment tests. Flow was diverted at a specific
ow rate for each structure. The diverted sediment was caught and weighed. Each structure was designed to divert sediment through one
of three intake opening heights, to determine whether a higher intake opening sufficiently reduces
the amount of diverted sediment. The self-scour efficiency at the graveltrap was determined with
a sediment level survey in the graveltrap. From the survey a clearance
ow was determined,
which is the minimum river
ow that clears the intake opening of sediment along its complete
length. It was also determined what intake angle induces secondary
ow which results in the
lowest clearance
ow. The sediment
ushing through the sluice gate was evaluated by recording
the time it takes a full graveltrap to be
ushed clean at various river
ow rates. The maximum
river
ow at which the graveltrap still
ushes efficiently was determined for each structure.
It was found that between the 300, 450 and 600 intake angle that were tested, the 60 0 angle
yields the lowest diverted sediment ratio (DSR) over the range of structures as well as river…
Advisors/Committee Members: Basson, Gerrit R., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Civil Engineering..
Subjects/Keywords: River diversion works; Rivers – Sediment control; Hydraulic model investigation; Graveltrap operation; UCTD
…Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank… …vii
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
Contents
Declaration of Authorship… …Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
Contents
2.7.1
2.7.2
2.8
2.7.3
River
2.8.1
2.8.2… …61
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
Contents
4.5
4.6
x
4.4.6 Summary… …Calculation
128
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
List of Figures
1.1
Diversion…
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Du Plessis, L. J. (2015). Hydraulic model investigation of sediment control measures at low weir river diversion works. (Masters Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96954
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Du Plessis, Lodewicus Johannes. “Hydraulic model investigation of sediment control measures at low weir river diversion works.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96954.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Du Plessis, Lodewicus Johannes. “Hydraulic model investigation of sediment control measures at low weir river diversion works.” 2015. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Du Plessis LJ. Hydraulic model investigation of sediment control measures at low weir river diversion works. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96954.
Council of Science Editors:
Du Plessis LJ. Hydraulic model investigation of sediment control measures at low weir river diversion works. [Masters Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96954
16.
Dreyer, Jacob Stephanus.
Investigating the influence of low-level outlet shape on the scour cone formed during pressure flushing of sediments in hydropower plant reservoirs.
Degree: MEng, Civil Engineering, 2018, Stellenbosch University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/104910
► ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The global shift to renewable energy sources has led to the exponential growth of hydropower in the 21st century. Hydropower will continue to…
(more)
▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The global shift to renewable energy sources has led to the exponential growth of hydropower in the 21st century. Hydropower will continue to play an important role in electricity supply in the near future and as such the sustainable development of new hydropower plants (HPPs) is of utmost importance. Major hydropower plants require a reservoir (dam or weir) to be constructed on a river to temporarily store water and generate the required head for power generation. However, due to the reduction in flow velocity and sediment transport capacity when a river enters a reservoir, all or part of the incoming sediment load is trapped. The sedimentation of a reservoir essentially decreases the live storage capacity and potentially leads to sediment-laden water entering the hydropower intakes, thereby damaging turbines and causing generation losses.
Several sediment management strategies, such as watershed management, sluicing, flushing and turbidity current venting, have been employed all over the world with varying degrees of success. Pressure flushing is generally not regarded as an efficient means to regain lost storage capacity, but is often implemented in drier climates where reservoirs trap most of the incoming sediment and no additional water is available for implementing other sediment management strategies. More specifically, pressure flushing is often used in HPPs to scour out deposited sediment through a low-level outlet located below the hydropower intake.
In spite of the advances in pressure flushing studies, more information on the effect of the low-level outlet shape on the scour cone geometry is needed since almost all studies have been conducted on circular outlets. The dimensions of the scour cone are essential for the proper design of low-level outlets so that sediment-free conditions can be maintained at the power intake. In this study, the scour cone geometry associated with different outlet shapes under changing water depths and sediment levels were experimentally investigated. Four outlet shapes (circular, square, flat rectangular and upright rectangular) were tested at three water depths (1.75, 1.125 and 0.5 m) and three sediment levels (0, 0.1 and 0.2 m). Fine, non-cohesive silica sand with an effective diameter of 0.09 mm was used to pack a horizontal bed. Scour cone measurements were taken using a handheld three-dimensional laser scanner and the geometrical characteristics of the scour cone were analysed.
Non-dimensional equations for computing the scour cone dimensions and volume were developed using a multi-linear regression analysis. The developed equations fit the experimental data well and also take the outlet shape into account. The centreline and cross-sectional bed profiles of the scour cones were also analysed and dimensionless equations defining the bed profile shape were developed. The results indicated that an increase in water depth (and thus also discharge) led to an increase in scour cone dimensions. Increasing the sediment level was also associated with an…
Advisors/Committee Members: Basson, Gerrit Roux, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Civil Engineering..
Subjects/Keywords: Reservoir sedimentation; Water-power; Hydraulic power plants; Scour (Hydraulic engineering); Laboratory study; UCTD; Renewable energy sources
…Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
CONTENTS
1 Introduction… …54
November 2018
Page | vii
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
2.5.1… …105
November 2018
Page | viii
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
4.3… …164
November 2018
Page | ix
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
6.1… …218
November 2018
Page | x
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
LIST OF…
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Dreyer, J. S. (2018). Investigating the influence of low-level outlet shape on the scour cone formed during pressure flushing of sediments in hydropower plant reservoirs. (Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/104910
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Dreyer, Jacob Stephanus. “Investigating the influence of low-level outlet shape on the scour cone formed during pressure flushing of sediments in hydropower plant reservoirs.” 2018. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/104910.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Dreyer, Jacob Stephanus. “Investigating the influence of low-level outlet shape on the scour cone formed during pressure flushing of sediments in hydropower plant reservoirs.” 2018. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Dreyer JS. Investigating the influence of low-level outlet shape on the scour cone formed during pressure flushing of sediments in hydropower plant reservoirs. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/104910.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Dreyer JS. Investigating the influence of low-level outlet shape on the scour cone formed during pressure flushing of sediments in hydropower plant reservoirs. [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/104910
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
17.
Moradi, Ali.
Fire spreading in South African low-cost settlements "A physics-based model".
Degree: MEng, Civil Engineering, 2016, Stellenbosch University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/98611
► ENGLISH ABSTRACT: risk of fire is increasing due to urbanization, industrialization and development of cities with dense buildings. Since low cost settlements are poorly serviced…
(more)
▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: risk of fire is increasing due to urbanization, industrialization and development of cities with dense buildings. Since low cost settlements are poorly serviced and are densely built urban areas with poor service delivery, they are the most vulnerable areas to fire. In recent years, urban fire-spread simulator models have commonly been used amongst more developed countries. However, in the case of South Africa, no fire-spread model has been developed/calibrated for low cost settlements in. Therefore, this study aimed to develop, validate and verify the first physics-based fire spread model, which is specifically calibrated for low-cost settlements in South Africa. The objective of this thesis was to apply the new model in a real life case study to illustrate the results of the model and prioritising the influential fire spread factors.
In order to provide a theoretical base for the development, the verification and validation of a new fire-spread model, a selected group of existing notable fire simulation models were reviewed in literature.
To develop a new model, first the scope, input and output of the model was defined and described. Next, the process of the fire simulation was divided into modules, their functionality were explained and thereafter an appropriate sequence of the modules were described. Finally, the entire fire spread process was programmed in C#.net. A geographical information system (GIS) was employed to pre-process the input data as well as to provide graphical output.
Verification and validation method were carried out in two hypothetical case studies. The new model was then applied to a low-cost settlement call? Imizamo Yethu which is a Metropolitan township of the city of Cape Town, South Africa, where fire is one of two top risks of the area. An area of this township was selected and input data for the new model were prepared through field measurement, information from Google earth and by determining parameters based on the environment of the area. The results were presented quantifiably and visually by a map series that showed fire spread progression across the area over time.
The findings of the analysis determined that in the area of Imizamo Yethu, wind speed and the separation distance between buildings were the first and the second most influential fire spread factors. In the building factor category, fire load has the highest impact while window orientation has the lowest impact on the total burnt area?? as well as the speed of fire spread.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die ontwikkeling van stede met hoë digtheidsgeboue, industrialisasie asook die proses van verstedeliking, verhoog die risiko van brande. Aangesien lae-koste behuising gewoonlik baie dig beboude stedelike areas is met swak dienslewering, is sulke areas die mees kwesbare vir brande. In die afgelope paar jare, in ontwikkelende lande, word stedelike brand= verspreiding-nabootsende modelle of simulators, al hoe meer gebruik in die voorkoming van brande. In die geval van Suid- Afrika is daar egter nog geen so…
Advisors/Committee Members: Wium, J. A., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Civil Engineering..
Subjects/Keywords: Fire spread – Squatter settlements; Fires; Fires – Squatter settlements – South Africa; Fire extinction; UCTD; Fire risk assessment; Fires – Prevention and control
…Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
Table of Contents
ABSTRACT… …33
VI
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Overall simulation… …98
VII
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Appendixes… …75
VIII
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Table 5-5: Presenting the… …33
IX
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
Figure 3-2: A comprehensive…
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APA (6th Edition):
Moradi, A. (2016). Fire spreading in South African low-cost settlements "A physics-based model". (Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/98611
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Moradi, Ali. “Fire spreading in South African low-cost settlements "A physics-based model".” 2016. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/98611.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Moradi, Ali. “Fire spreading in South African low-cost settlements "A physics-based model".” 2016. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Moradi A. Fire spreading in South African low-cost settlements "A physics-based model". [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/98611.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Moradi A. Fire spreading in South African low-cost settlements "A physics-based model". [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/98611
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
18.
Van Wageningen, Gerrit.
Development of a procedure for separately allocating water leakage and other types of non-metered water to nodes in the hydraulic model.
Degree: MEng, Civil Engineering, 2018, Stellenbosch University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/103758
► ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The correct allocation of water loss to nodes in hydraulic models of water distribution systems is an important consideration for the purposes of…
(more)
▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The correct allocation of water loss to nodes in hydraulic models of water distribution systems is an important
consideration for the purposes of designing such systems. Some components of total water demand
(e.g. metered-consumption) are relatively simple to determine, for example, by analysing recorded meter
consumption data. However, the extent and spatial distribution of non-metered water (including water losses)
is often much more challenging to determine. Designers of water distribution system infrastructure and analysts
need to be able to distinguish between the water that is lost from a water distribution system due to leakage
(real loss) and that which is not accounted for as result of non-metered consumption (e.g. non-metered
authorised consumption and apparent loss).
A possible shortcoming has been identified regarding the current assumptions for water loss modelling. The
customary practice employed by consultants, whereby water loss is distributed among nodes in proportion to
the metered consumption at those nodes, is often unrealistic. This research project focused on the evaluation
and further development of an already existing technique for incorporating water losses in hydraulic models by
segregating leakage from other types of non-metered water, as well as accounting for selected factors that
influence water loss spatially.
The literature reviewed indicated that limited research had been conducted on techniques for distinguishing
between different types of water loss when performing hydraulic analyses. Most earlier research studies
focussed on the pressure-leakage relationship and methods for improving the modelling of leakage from
distributions systems. Furthermore, not much work could be found on the potential impact that different
approaches to estimating leakage would have on the ultimate results obtained from hydraulic models.
A computer-based modelling procedure titled SEGLEAK was developed as part of this research study, after which
it was implemented and tested on a hydraulic model of a real water distribution system in South Africa, as part
of a case study problem. The SEGLEAK procedure provided an effective and practical technique for distinguishing between leakage and non-metered consumption when making use of hydraulic modelling.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die korrekte toewysing van waterverlies aan nodusse in hidrouliese modelle van waterverspreidingstelsels is 'n belangrike oorweging vir die ontwerp van sulke stelsels. Sommige komponente van die totale water aanvraag (bv. gemeetde verbruik) is relatief maklik om te bepaal, byvoorbeeld deur die opname van aangetekende meterverbruiksdata te analiseer. Die omvang en ruimtelike verspreiding van nie-gemeterde water (insluitende
waterverliese) is egter dikwels meer uitdagend om te bepaal. Ontwerpers van waterdistribusiestelselinfrastruktuur
en ontleders moet kan onderskei tussen die water wat verlore gaan van 'n waterverspreidingstelsel as gevolg van lekkasie (werklike verlies) en wat nie verantwoord…
Advisors/Committee Members: Jacobs, H. E., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Civil Engineering..
Subjects/Keywords: Water leakage – Management; UCTD; Water demand management; Water – Distribution; Hydraulic models
…Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
A2.
Hydraulic Model for… …81
vii
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1… …65
viii
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1… …𝑄
-
Discharge
𝑄𝑑
-
Total demand flow rate
x
Stellenbosch University https… …𝑄𝑖 (𝑡, 𝑓𝑛𝑟𝑙 ) values over a single day period
xi
Stellenbosch University…
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APA ·
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Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Van Wageningen, G. (2018). Development of a procedure for separately allocating water leakage and other types of non-metered water to nodes in the hydraulic model. (Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/103758
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Van Wageningen, Gerrit. “Development of a procedure for separately allocating water leakage and other types of non-metered water to nodes in the hydraulic model.” 2018. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/103758.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Van Wageningen, Gerrit. “Development of a procedure for separately allocating water leakage and other types of non-metered water to nodes in the hydraulic model.” 2018. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Van Wageningen G. Development of a procedure for separately allocating water leakage and other types of non-metered water to nodes in the hydraulic model. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/103758.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Van Wageningen G. Development of a procedure for separately allocating water leakage and other types of non-metered water to nodes in the hydraulic model. [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/103758
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
19.
Botes, Lizbe.
Assessment of usually encountered damage on concrete bridges and its influence on the load carrying capacity capacity and safety of users.
Degree: MEng, Civil Engineering, 2018, Stellenbosch University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/103366
► ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The assessment of existing bridges is becoming increasingly important since it is necessary to ensure that all bridges maintain structural integrity in terms…
(more)
▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The assessment of existing bridges is becoming increasingly important since it is necessary to ensure
that all bridges maintain structural integrity in terms of the ultimate limit state for which they were
designed. South Africa uses a Bridge Management System (BMS) to assess and manage existing
structures. The assessment is based on visual inspection, and ratings form 0-4 are assigned to the extent
of damage (DERU-rating system) which occurs on the bridge. Using the condition analysis, a prioritised
list is compiled where ranking all inspected bridges from worst to least degraded. This list is then used
to determine what resources should be allocated and which bridges need to be repaired first. A more
accurate way of assessing existing bridges is however required to determine which bridge will fail first,
if not repaired.
This study developed a method for assessing existing bridges based on their reduction in structural
integrity. It was done by relating compiled damage distributions to the DERU-ratings, then using the
assigned DERU-ratings in accordance with a reliability-based model, to determine reductions in
structural strength.
The critical damages identified were reinforcement corrosion, cracking, and spalling of concrete. These
damages were compared and it was assumed that a natural sequence will follow; the reinforcement will
start to corrode, induce cracking and lead to concrete spalling. This natural sequence was divided into
categories, each representing a state of degradation. Distribution functions were compiled to represent
the critical damage and were related to the established categories. To determine the effect of these
categories, a representative beam was used and degradation applied. The reduction in structural strength
was determined according to a reliability assessment, and these results were compared to the results if
the beam was analysed according to the BMS. It was concluded that the reliability assessment gave a
better representation of structural degradation since, in this case, most of the degradation was not visible
from the outside, and thus could not be correctly assessed by visual inspection.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die strukturele assessering van bestaande brûe is ‘n kritiese aspek van infrastruktuur bestuur, aangesien
die integriteit van ‘n struktuur in terme van sy uiterste ontwerps-limiet verseker moet wees oor sy
lewensduurte. Die brug bestuur sisteem genaamd “BMS” word in Suid-Afrika gebruik vir die bepaling
van bestaande strukture se kondisie, en is meestal gebaseer op visuele inspeksie en ander niedestruktiewe
toetsmetodes. ‘n Objektiewe asseseringsmodel genaamd “DERU” word gebruik om
verskeie tipes skade teenwoordig op ‘n brug te dokumenteer. Deur gebruik te maak van kondisie analise
kan ‘n geprioritiseerde lys opgestel word vanaf hierdie data, waar alle brûe gerangeer word in terme
van skade en herstelwerk benodig. Die instandhoudings outoriteit kan dan objektief besluit of die
bestaande brûe herstel of vervang moet word.
…
Advisors/Committee Members: Lenner, Roman, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Civil Engineering..
Subjects/Keywords: Load factor design; UCTD; Concrete bridges; Bridge failures – Assessment
…Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
TABLE OF CONTENTS
4
5
6
3.1… …86
University of Stellenbosch, Department of Civil Engineering
x
Stellenbosch University… …Department of Civil Engineering
xiv
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CHAPTER 1… …Stellenbosch, Department of Civil Engineering
xv
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za… …Stellenbosch, Department of Civil Engineering
xvi
Stellenbosch University https…
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APA ·
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Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Botes, L. (2018). Assessment of usually encountered damage on concrete bridges and its influence on the load carrying capacity capacity and safety of users. (Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/103366
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Botes, Lizbe. “Assessment of usually encountered damage on concrete bridges and its influence on the load carrying capacity capacity and safety of users.” 2018. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/103366.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Botes, Lizbe. “Assessment of usually encountered damage on concrete bridges and its influence on the load carrying capacity capacity and safety of users.” 2018. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Botes L. Assessment of usually encountered damage on concrete bridges and its influence on the load carrying capacity capacity and safety of users. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/103366.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Botes L. Assessment of usually encountered damage on concrete bridges and its influence on the load carrying capacity capacity and safety of users. [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/103366
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
20.
De Klerk, Marthinus David.
The durability of natural sisal fibre reinforced cement-based composites.
Degree: MEng, Civil Engineering, 2015, Stellenbosch University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96895
► ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The building industry is responsible for a substantial contribution to pollution. The production of building materials, as well as the operation and maintenance…
(more)
▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The building industry is responsible for a substantial contribution to pollution. The production of building materials, as well as the operation and maintenance of structures leads to large amounts of carbon-dioxide (CO2) being release in the atmosphere. The use of renewable resources and construction materials is just one of the ways in which the carbon footprint of the building industry can be reduced.
Sisal fibre is one such renewable material. Sisal fibre is a natural fibre from the Agave Sisalana plant. The possibility of incorporating sisal fibre in a cement-based matrix to replace conventional steel and synthetic fibres has been brought to the attention of researchers. Sisal fibre has a high tensile strength in excess of polypropylene fibre and comparable to PVA fibre. Sisal fibre consists mainly of cellulose, hemi-cellulose and lignin. The disadvantage of incorporating sisal fibre in a cement-based matrix is the degradation of the composite. Sisal fibres tend to degrade in an alkaline environment due to changes in the morphology of the fibre. The pore water in a cement base matrix is highly alkaline which leads to the degradation of the fibres and reduced strength of the composite over time.
Sisal fibre reinforced cement-based composites (SFRCC) were investigated to evaluate the durability of the composites. Two chemical treatments, alkaline treatment and acetylation, were performed on the fibre at different concentrations to improve the resistance of the fibre to alkaline attack. Alkaline treatment was performed by using sodium hydroxide (NaOH), while acetylation was performed by using acetic acid or acetic anhydride. Single fibre pull-out (SFP) tests were performed to evaluate the influence of chemical treatment on fibre strength, to study the fibre-matrix interaction and to determine a critical fibre length. A matrix consisting of ordinary Portland cement (OPC), sand and water were used for the SFP tests. This matrix, as well as alternative matrices containing fly ash (FA) and condensed silica fume (CSF) as supplementary cementitious material, were reinforced with 1% sisal fibre (by volume) cut to a length of 20 mm. The OPC matrix was reinforced with untreated- and treated fibre while the alternative matrices were reinforced with untreated fibre. Alternative matrices containing varying fibre volumes and lengths were also produced. Three-point bending- (indirect), direct tensile- and compression tests were performed on specimens at an age of 28 days to determine the strength of the matrix. The remainder of the specimens were subjected to ageing by extended curing in water at 24˚C and 70˚C respectively and by alternate cycles of wetting and drying, after which it was tested at an age of 90 days from production to evaluate the durability of the fibre. An increase in fibre volume led to a decrease in compressive strength and peak tensile strength. The optimum fibre length at a volume of 1% was 20 mm for which the highest compression strength was recorded. The combination of alkali treatment…
Advisors/Committee Members: Boshoff, William Peter, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Civil Engineering..
Subjects/Keywords: Natural fibre in concrete – Durability; UCTD
…Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
Table of Contents
Declaration… …18
vii
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2.5.1.
Addition of… …40
viii
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3.6.
Mix design… …97
ix
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6.3.
Supplementary cementitious… …136
x
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
List of Tables
Table 2.1…
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APA ·
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Export
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
De Klerk, M. D. (2015). The durability of natural sisal fibre reinforced cement-based composites. (Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96895
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
De Klerk, Marthinus David. “The durability of natural sisal fibre reinforced cement-based composites.” 2015. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96895.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
De Klerk, Marthinus David. “The durability of natural sisal fibre reinforced cement-based composites.” 2015. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
De Klerk MD. The durability of natural sisal fibre reinforced cement-based composites. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96895.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
De Klerk MD. The durability of natural sisal fibre reinforced cement-based composites. [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96895
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
21.
Roux, Abraham Pierre.
A re-assessment of wave run up formulae.
Degree: MEng, Civil Engineering, 2015, Stellenbosch University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96562
► ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Over the last few decades, wave run up prediction has gained the interest of numerous researchers and every newly-published paper has aimed to…
(more)
▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Over the last few decades, wave run up prediction has gained the interest of numerous researchers and
every newly-published paper has aimed to predict wave run up with greater accuracy. Wave run up is
defined as the vertical elevation reached by a wave's, front water edge as it runs up a beach, measured
relative to the still water line. Wave run up is dependent on the incidental wave height, the wave
period, the beach slope and the wave steepness. The majority of publications incorporate all of these
factors, but some do not, which has led to numerous debates.
The goal of this study is to do a re-assessment of previously published wave run up formulae, to
obtain a more informed understanding about wave run up and the available predictive empirical
formulae. The study also seeks to evaluate the Mather, Stretch & Garland (2011) formula. The
method for undertaking this objective comprised a physical model test series with 10 regular wave
conditions on a constant slope, being 1/24, performed with an impermeable floor. Also, a beach study
in the field was done on Long Beach, Noordhoek, where run up measurements were taken for 30
minute intervals, resulting in five test conditions.
A numerical model was employed in conjunction with the beach study to determine the local offshore
wave parameters transformed from a deep water wave rider. This information was used to correlate
the run up measurements with known wave parameters.
Firstly, the physical model assessment was performed to provide a proper foundation for run up
understanding. Plotting empirical normalised run up values (R2/H0 ) versus the Iribarren number for
different formulae, a grouping was achieved with upper and lower boundaries. The physical model
results plotted on the lower end of this grouping, resulted in prediction differences of more than 10%.
These differences may have been caused by the unevenness of the physical model slope or the fact
that only one slope had been tested. Despite this, the results fell within a band of wave run up
formulae located on the lower end of this grouping.
An assessment of the beach measurements in the field gave a better correlation than the physical
model results when compared to normalised predicted wave run up formulae. These measurements
also plotted on the lower end of the grouping, resulting in prediction differences of less than 10% for
some empirical formulae.
When comparing these empirical predictions to one another, the results demonstrate that the formulae
comparing best with the beach measurements were Holman (1986) and Stockdon, Holman, Howd, &
Sallenger Jr. (2006). Extreme over predictions were found by Mase & Iwagaki (1984), Hedges &
Mase (2004) and Douglass (1992). Nielsen & Hanslow (1991) only compared best with the beach measurements and De la Pena, Sanchez Gonzalez, Diaz-Sanchez, & Martin Huescar (2012) only
compared best to the physical model results.
This study supports the formula proposed by Mather, Stretch, & Garland (2011). Applying their
formula to…
Advisors/Committee Members: Toms, Geoff, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Civil Engineering..
Subjects/Keywords: Wave run up; Beach run up; Mather, Stretch & Garland formula; UCTD
…Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I first and foremost… …provided over
the past two years.
vi
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TABLE… …35
vii
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4.
5.
3.4
Run up… …59
viii
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5.3.6
Water level conditions… …80
ix
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2. 1 - C…
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Roux, A. P. (2015). A re-assessment of wave run up formulae. (Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96562
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Roux, Abraham Pierre. “A re-assessment of wave run up formulae.” 2015. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96562.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Roux, Abraham Pierre. “A re-assessment of wave run up formulae.” 2015. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Roux AP. A re-assessment of wave run up formulae. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96562.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Roux AP. A re-assessment of wave run up formulae. [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96562
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
22.
Baret, Christophe Marc Eric.
The effect of structure slope and packing arrangement on the hydraulic stability of geotextile sand container revetments.
Degree: MScEng, Civil Engineering, 2013, Stellenbosch University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79919
► ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Innovative and versatile coastal protection structures made of Geotextile Sand Containers (GSCs) are increasingly being incorporated into coastal management solutions because of their…
(more)
▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Innovative and versatile coastal protection structures made of Geotextile Sand Containers (GSCs) are increasingly being incorporated into coastal management solutions because of their cost effective and environmentally friendly characteristics. This is as opposed to conventional ‘hard’ coastal protection solutions that utilise rocks and or concrete units to protect the coastline.
With GSC structures being a relatively new coastal protection solution, few design and construction guidelines are available. Research into the behaviour of GSC structures under wave attack is on-going with particular emphasis on the hydraulic processes that affect GSC structures and cause them to fail.
The use of GSC revetments as coastal protection solutions has become more popular in South Africa during recent times, particularly along the coastline of KwaZulu-Natal. However, the chosen design of these GSC revetments falls outside the range of applicability of the available design charts and stability equations. Therefore the hydraulic stability of these structures is largely unknown.
The primary objective of this study is to investigate the effect of structure slopes and packing arrangements on the hydraulic stability of GSC revetments. The application of available design charts and stability equations was also evaluated. Two-dimensional physical modelling was undertaken and a total of 12 GSC revetment permutations were tested during the physical modelling test series. The results of the physical modelling showed that the structure slope had the most significant effect on the hydraulic stability. Steeper structure slopes were more hydraulically stable than gentler structure slopes. The packing arrangements of the GSCs had less of an effect on the hydraulic stability of the GSC revetments. Single layer GSC armour revetments matched or out-performed the equivalent double layer GSC revetments; while GSC revetments with GSCs orientated with the long axis perpendicular to the wave attack performed marginally better than the equivalent GSC revetments with GSCs orientated with the long axis parallel to the wave attack.
The available design charts and stability equations were assessed against the results of the physical modelling and showed varying degrees of correlation. The stability equation proposed by Recio (2007) proved to be particularly accurate.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Innoverende en veelsydige kusbeskermingstrukture wat van geotekstielsandhouers (GSH’s) gemaak is, word al hoe meer by kusbestuursoplossings ingesluit weens die kostedoeltreffendheid en omgewingsvriendelike aard daarvan. Dít is in teenstelling met konvensionele ‘harde’ kusbeskermingsoplossings, wat van rotse en/of betoneenhede gebruik maak om die kuslyn te beskerm.
Aangesien GSH-strukture ’n betreklik nuwe kusbeskermingsoplossing is, is weinig ontwerp- en konstruksieriglyne beskikbaar. Navorsing oor die werkverrigting van GSH-strukture onder golfaanslag duur voort, met bepaalde klem op die hidrouliese prosesse wat GSH-strukture beïnvloed en die…
Advisors/Committee Members: Toms, Geoff, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Civil Engineering..
Subjects/Keywords: Civil engineering
…Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
List of Figures
Figure 1-1: Kingscliff… …Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
Figure 3-8: Photographs Showing the Construction of… …71
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Figure 5-8: Comparison GSC… …91
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Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
List of Tables
Table 2-1… …92
x
Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
1 Introduction
The interaction…
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APA (6th Edition):
Baret, C. M. E. (2013). The effect of structure slope and packing arrangement on the hydraulic stability of geotextile sand container revetments. (Masters Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79919
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Baret, Christophe Marc Eric. “The effect of structure slope and packing arrangement on the hydraulic stability of geotextile sand container revetments.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79919.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Baret, Christophe Marc Eric. “The effect of structure slope and packing arrangement on the hydraulic stability of geotextile sand container revetments.” 2013. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Baret CME. The effect of structure slope and packing arrangement on the hydraulic stability of geotextile sand container revetments. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79919.
Council of Science Editors:
Baret CME. The effect of structure slope and packing arrangement on the hydraulic stability of geotextile sand container revetments. [Masters Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79919
23.
Okonkwo, Nwabueze Patrick.
Health and safety management and performance among construction contractors in South Africa.
Degree: PhD, Civil Engineering, 2019, Stellenbosch University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/105803
► ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The construction industry is of vital importance to the economies of nations. It employs about seven percent of the global workforce but accounts…
(more)
▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The construction industry is of vital importance to the economies of nations. It employs
about seven percent of the global workforce but accounts for between 30 and 40
percent of all work-related fatalities, with developing countries recording more fatalities
when compared to developed countries. The economic cost of construction accidents
is also significant in terms of compensation claims, lost productivity, and overruns on
project schedule and cost. Health and safety management within the construction
industry has not developed at the same pace as in other industries and with
technological advances within the industry itself. The failure of health and safety
management systems and the lack of safety culture within contractor organisations
have been highlighted as factors responsible for the high rate of construction accidents
in developing countries such as South Africa.
Previous studies have focused on construction phase health and safety management
interventions. Few studies have investigated health and safety management within the
construction industry from the organisational/enterprise perspective. In this study, the
aim was to identify and compare the effectiveness of the different H&S management
arrangements employed by construction contractors in South Africa. In the context of
this study, a health and safety management arrangement is defined as:
the organisational structure, planning activities, responsibilities, procedures,
processes, resources and practices for managing the health and safety risks
associated with the business of an organisation.
This study uses a mixed methods research design that combined qualitative
descriptive research and quantitative research approaches to achieve the research
objectives.
The broad spectrum of health and safety management arrangements (HSMA) within
medium to large size contractor organisations in South Africa were categorised into
three distinct types – (1) traditional/compliance motivated, (2) systematic/compliance
motivated, and (3) systems/best practice motivated. Areas of strengths and
weaknesses in the strategically developed policies and procedures, as well as their
implementation were identified for each type.
Top management leadership, operational managers’ leadership, safety professionals’
leadership were identified as critical factors responsible for variations in the safety performance of the three HSMA types. Top management leadership was identified as
an important factor to building systems that support effective health and safety
management. Safety professionals’ leadership and operational managers’ leadership
were identified as factors that positively impacted health and safety management
practices and workers’ behaviour respectively.
The study concludes that to improve the safety performance within the South African
construction industry, health and safety management practices and safety related
behaviour of construction workers within the industry must improve. Achieving this
requires emphasis…
Advisors/Committee Members: Wium, Jan, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Civil Engineering..
Subjects/Keywords: Safety measures; Construction Industry; Construction Organisation; South Africa; Safety performance; UCTD; Engineering and construction projects – Health risk assessment
…Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
Acknowledgements
I will like to… …support throughout my stay at the University.
viii
Stellenbosch University https… …scholar.sun.ac.za
Dedications
To the safety conscious construction worker.
ix
Stellenbosch University… …35
x
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
3.5
Elements of Health and… …94
xi
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
5.6.1
Health and Safety…
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Okonkwo, N. P. (2019). Health and safety management and performance among construction contractors in South Africa. (Doctoral Dissertation). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/105803
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Okonkwo, Nwabueze Patrick. “Health and safety management and performance among construction contractors in South Africa.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/105803.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Okonkwo, Nwabueze Patrick. “Health and safety management and performance among construction contractors in South Africa.” 2019. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Okonkwo NP. Health and safety management and performance among construction contractors in South Africa. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Stellenbosch University; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/105803.
Council of Science Editors:
Okonkwo NP. Health and safety management and performance among construction contractors in South Africa. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Stellenbosch University; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/105803
24.
Venter, Karien.
An exploratory study into South African novice driver behaviour.
Degree: MEng, Civil Engineering, 2014, Stellenbosch University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86602
► ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Driving is a complex task that requires both the physical ability to drive a vehicle and the cognitive ability to do so safely.…
(more)
▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Driving is a complex task that requires both the physical ability to drive a vehicle and the cognitive ability to do so safely. The ability to correctly integrate and apply information from the driving environment is essential for safe driving. In South Africa approximately 33 people per 100 000 population are killed annually in road accidents. Recent mortality data from South Africa has indicated that the age group 15 to 19 years old are the age group most likely to be involved in fatal vehicle crashes.
Novice driver behaviour has been confirmed as problematic across the globe and extensive research into novice driver behaviour has been conducted to understand and ultimately to curb novice driver deaths. Very little is known about South African novice drivers. This lack of knowledge makes it difficult to plan for training, education or preparing young South African novice drivers for the challenges they are likely to face on the road.
This study is a first stepping stone to understand this problem. This study utilises naturalistic driving studies as a method to explore differences between novice and experienced driver behaviour at a few preselected location types. Since 2005 naturalistic driving studies (NDS) have been employed extensively in the rest of the world and this study is South Africa’s first small attempt to employ this methodology and apply it to specifically novice driver behaviour.
This thesis therefore not only explores novice driver behaviour in the context of South Africa, but also provides an overview of how the ND methodology can be developed for use in South Africa.
The document provides an overview of both novice driver behaviour and naturalistic driving study methodologies from abroad. Where available, reference to South African research and reports are made. The literature review considers demographic, developmental and personality factors that could potentially (and have internationally been proven to) influence novice driver behaviour in the context of society, family and physical environments. Popular theories that have been applied to novice driver behaviour are reviewed. These theories include the Theory of Planned Behaviour, Social Learning Theory and the Theory of Intent. On the methodology side, the technology, its application as well as challenges and successes of the ND methodology are reviewed.
The research process is described in terms of the participants and their risk attitudes to road traffic safety prior and after the study. The research process also details the specifications of the technology used, the data collected and the associated processes to make the data manageable. The research process took a number of unexpected turns which included the development of a coding scheme for the image material. Initially it was thought that this coding scheme should be predefined. However once the coding process commenced it was clear that in-vivo coding was necessary for inclusion of all elements of the environment and the behaviour. These elements differed from…
Advisors/Committee Members: Sinclair, M., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Civil Engineering..
Subjects/Keywords: Civil engineering
…Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1… …18
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1.9.2. Chapter 2: Literature… …47
ix
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2.3.9 Attitudes towards road… …115
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3.3. Strengths and weaknesses of… …142
xi
Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
4.2. Document groups and codes…
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APA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Venter, K. (2014). An exploratory study into South African novice driver behaviour. (Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86602
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Venter, Karien. “An exploratory study into South African novice driver behaviour.” 2014. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86602.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Venter, Karien. “An exploratory study into South African novice driver behaviour.” 2014. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Venter K. An exploratory study into South African novice driver behaviour. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86602.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Venter K. An exploratory study into South African novice driver behaviour. [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86602
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
25.
Van der Merwe, Izak Schalk Willem.
An evaluation of the eutrophication prevention potential of high rate Algae Ponds through the development of a deterministic design model.
Degree: MEng, Civil Engineering, 2016, Stellenbosch University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/100186
► ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Wastewater treatment is a major problem in South Africa. South Africa generally has the wastewater treatment infrastructure in place but often lacks the…
(more)
▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Wastewater treatment is a major problem in South Africa. South Africa generally has the
wastewater treatment infrastructure in place but often lacks the labour skills to operate these
plants efficiently. The increasing eutrophication in South African water bodies is an indication
that this problem needs to be rectified. The characteristics of a High Rate Algal Pond (HRAP) make it an attractive option for effluent
polishing in South Africa. It has the potential of simultaneous nutrient removal and nutrient
recovery from the partially or poorly treated effluent of wastewater treatment works. Its simple
operation would ensure that it is less susceptible to the poor operation practices in South
Africa. It is also relatively inexpensive to construct and operate, but the large footprint of
these ponds makes its feasibility largely dependent on the availability and cost of land.
A scale model HRAP was operated under laboratory conditions to investigate the nutrient
removal potential of these ponds. The nutrient removal measured during the laboratory
experiments was believed to be modest, due to a lack of the high-intensity sunlight that the
algae require for photosynthesis. However, these were promising indications that the HRAP might be effective in the warm and sunny climate of South Africa despite the modest nutrient removals measured in the laboratory experiments.
A deterministic design model for an HRAP was developed. The deterministic design was
programmed into Microsoft Excel with the use of Microsoft Visual Basics for Applications
(VBA). The deterministic equations were solved numerically in the computational model. The
results obtained from the laboratory experiments were used to calibrate the computational
HRAP model. The calibrated computational model accurately predicted the ammonia and nitrate/nitrite concentrations. It was unsatisfactory in predicting the soluble reactive
phosphorus (SRP) concentration since it did not account for phosphate precipitation. The
model only gave an estimation of the SRP assimilated by algae.
The calibrated HRAP model was used to investigate the nutrient removal potential of an
HRAP in South Africa. It was established that shallow ponds with long retention times, and
consequently large surface areas, are required to achieve satisfactory nutrient removal. The
area requirement of an HRAP was estimated at approximately 60 square meters per cubic
meter of daily flow to achieve roughly 100% Total Inorganic Nitrogen removal. The estimated
area requirement for roughly 100% ammonia removal was approximately 20 m2/m3/day. It
was also established that HRAPs has the prospect of notable SRP removal.
The theoretical calculations of the deterministic HRAP model indicated that an HRAP could
potentially achieve sufficient nutrient removal for effective eutrophication prevention.
However, the large surface area requirements might not make the HRAP practically feasible
for effluent polishing in most cases.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die suiwering van…
Advisors/Committee Members: Brink, Isobel Christine, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Civil Engineering..
Subjects/Keywords: Algae – Ponds, Storm water retention; Wastewater treatment plants; Water – Purification; Wastewater – Treatment model; UCTD
…Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
4.3
5
6
Eutrophication Prevention… …120
Table of Contents
vii | P a g e
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za… …128
List of Tables
viii | P a g e
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za… …ix | P a g e
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
Figure 4.13 - Water… …132
List of Figures
x|Page
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za…
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APA ·
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to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Van der Merwe, I. S. W. (2016). An evaluation of the eutrophication prevention potential of high rate Algae Ponds through the development of a deterministic design model. (Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/100186
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Van der Merwe, Izak Schalk Willem. “An evaluation of the eutrophication prevention potential of high rate Algae Ponds through the development of a deterministic design model.” 2016. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/100186.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Van der Merwe, Izak Schalk Willem. “An evaluation of the eutrophication prevention potential of high rate Algae Ponds through the development of a deterministic design model.” 2016. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Van der Merwe ISW. An evaluation of the eutrophication prevention potential of high rate Algae Ponds through the development of a deterministic design model. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/100186.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Van der Merwe ISW. An evaluation of the eutrophication prevention potential of high rate Algae Ponds through the development of a deterministic design model. [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/100186
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
26.
Ambunda, Robert.
Analysis of the relationship between fatal rural road crashes and road design elements: Namibian case study.
Degree: MEng, Civil Engineering, 2018, Stellenbosch University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/105066
► ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Traffic safety is a major concern in developing countries. Every year over 1.2 million people are killed in road crashes in the world.…
(more)
▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Traffic safety is a major concern in developing countries. Every year over 1.2 million people are killed in road crashes in the world. The crash fatality rate in Namibia has been reported to be higher than the African continental average of 27, at 31 fatalities per 100 000 population. The study focused on analysing the relationship between fatal road crashes and road design elements for the study period between 2013 to 2016, on the Namibian rural road network.
Road sections with the highest fatal crash rates were identified, to determine the potential relationship between the fatal crash rates (dependent variable) and road design elements (independent variables). Negative Binomial Regression was used to assess the statistical correlation and significance of the impact of the road design elements on the occurrence of fatal crashes on the study sections.
The study established that the radii of the horizontal curves, access control and the 85th percentile operating speed have a significant influence in predicting fatal road crashes on roads with a lane width (LW) greater than 3.5m. The study found that road exposure (road length and volume) has a significant impact crash risk level and prediction on road sections with a lane width equal to or less than 3.5m.
The study found that 40% of the study sections did not comply with the Technical Recommendations for Highways 17 guidelines (TRH 17) on lane widths, while half of the study sections did not comply with the TRH 17 guidelines with regard to the unsurfaced shoulder width. The study also established that 90% of the study sections have an under designed unsurfaced shoulder crossfall.
Surveys were carried out on two road sections with LW1<3.5m> LW2 to investigate the causation of fatal crashes. More than ninety percent of the surveyed participants on each study section found the sections to be “unsafe”. Reckless and negligent driving was cited as the main safety issue on both study road sections. The Majority of the surveyed participants admitted that they were aware of the significant impact that road engineering and design has on the safety and operational efficiency of a road. Most of the surveyed participants were of the view that increasing the presence of law enforcement would deter drivers from engaging in unsafe driving behaviour.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Verkeersveiligheid is 'n groot kommer in ontwikkelende lande. Elke jaar word meer as 1.2 miljoen mense in padongelukke in die wêreld doodgemaak. Die ongeluksterftesyfer in Namibië is na berig word hoër as die Afrika-kontinentale gemiddeld van 27, by 31 sterftes per 100 000 inwoners. Die studie het gefokus op die ontleding van die verhouding tussen noodlottige padongelukke en padontwerp-elemente vir die studieperiode tussen 2013 en 2016 op die Namibiese landelike padnetwerk.
Padafdelings met die hoogste noodlottige ongelukkoerse is geïdentifiseer om die potensiële verhouding tussen die noodlottige ongelukkoerse (afhanklike veranderlike) en padontwerpelemente (onafhanklike veranderlikes) te…
Advisors/Committee Members: Sinclair, Marion, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Civil Engineering..
Subjects/Keywords: Road Safety; UCTD; Traffic accidents; Rural roads – Design, Engineering; Negative binomial distribution; Traffic fatalities – Namibia
…Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
3.
2.9.2.
Traffic Volume… …63
viii
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5.
4.6.
T0111_1 (… …117
ix
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6.7.
Future Research… …C7
x
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List of Figures
Figure 1.1… …66
xi
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
Figure 4.15 Cross Section for…
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APA ·
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Export
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Ambunda, R. (2018). Analysis of the relationship between fatal rural road crashes and road design elements: Namibian case study. (Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/105066
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ambunda, Robert. “Analysis of the relationship between fatal rural road crashes and road design elements: Namibian case study.” 2018. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/105066.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ambunda, Robert. “Analysis of the relationship between fatal rural road crashes and road design elements: Namibian case study.” 2018. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Ambunda R. Analysis of the relationship between fatal rural road crashes and road design elements: Namibian case study. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/105066.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Ambunda R. Analysis of the relationship between fatal rural road crashes and road design elements: Namibian case study. [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/105066
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
27.
Nel, Christiaan Ludolph Marais.
Identifying Gradings and binder combinations for improving the grey water resistance of asphalt.
Degree: MEng, Civil Engineering, 2017, Stellenbosch University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/100818
► ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Premature failure of asphalt surfacing was observed on roads in areas within and surrounding informal settlements in Cape Town. It was concluded that…
(more)
▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Premature failure of asphalt surfacing was observed on roads in areas within and surrounding informal
settlements in Cape Town. It was concluded that the main source of failure was as a result of grey water
spillage onto these road surfaces. Mew Way, located in the Khayelitsha area on the Cape Flats, required
treatment and surfacing at least every 5 years to address grey water related problems. This has prompted
the City of Cape Town and SABITA to initiate the Grey Water Resistant Asphalt Study to investigate the
influence of grey water on the performance of asphalt.
As part of the Grey Water Resistant Asphalt Study, extensive laboratory experiments and testing were
required to investigate the grey water resistance of asphalt. The
University of
Stellenbosch was
approached by the Grey Water Research Group under the leadership of Mr A. Greyling, Technical Director
at BVi Consulting Engineers (Pty) Ltd, to develop a research methodology for this unique study. This
research methodology was executed at the
University of
Stellenbosch where all results and conclusions
related to this study were reported.
The Researcher, after initiating an extensive literature study and identifying factors for improving the grey
water resistance of asphalt, developed primary and secondary research methodologies. The objective of
the primary research methodology was to identify gradings and binder combinations to improve the grey
water resistance of asphalt. This research methodology consisted of two phases.
Phase 1 included moisture inducing simulating tests (MIST) for moisture conditioning purposes and
indirect tensile strength (ITS) tests. Tensile strength ratio (TSR) results of binder combinations that were
tested during Phase 1, indicated that the retained strength of asphalt mixtures after grey water MIST was
significantly lower when compared to clean water MIST conditioning. Results also indicated that a medium
graded asphalt mixture achieved greater strength after grey water MIST conditioning when compared to
fine graded asphalt mixtures. The binder additive EVA contributed significantly to achieving greater
asphalt mixture strength after grey water MIST conditioning.
Phase 2 consisted of laboratory scale model mobile load simulating (MMLS) and ITS testing of asphalt
briquettes subjected to trafficking under dry (no water) and wet (grey water) conditions. Results from
Phase 1 assisted with setting up asphalt gradations and binder combinations for testing during Phase 2 of
the primary research methodology.
TSR results from Phase 2 did not show significant variations between the performance of medium and
fine graded asphalt mixtures after being subjected to wet (grey water) MMLS3 trafficking. However, permanent deformation results indicated that medium graded asphalt mixtures with EVA and SBS
modified binders produced significantly lower deformations when compared to virgin binder (50/70
penetration grade) combinations after being subjected to wet MMLS3 trafficking. A binder additive,
…
Advisors/Committee Members: Jenkins, Kim Jonathan, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Civil Engineering..
Subjects/Keywords: UCTD; Asphalt pavers – Fatigue; Bituminous materials; Pavements, Bituminous; Pavements, Concrete – Maintenance and repair
…Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION… …21
viii | P a g e
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2.7.1.3 Durability… …62
ix | P a g e
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3.3.3 VOLUMETRIC… …110
x|Page
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4.8 SUMMARY… …175
xi | P a g e
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7.2 SUMMARY, FINDINGS…
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APA (6th Edition):
Nel, C. L. M. (2017). Identifying Gradings and binder combinations for improving the grey water resistance of asphalt. (Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/100818
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Nel, Christiaan Ludolph Marais. “Identifying Gradings and binder combinations for improving the grey water resistance of asphalt.” 2017. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/100818.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Nel, Christiaan Ludolph Marais. “Identifying Gradings and binder combinations for improving the grey water resistance of asphalt.” 2017. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Nel CLM. Identifying Gradings and binder combinations for improving the grey water resistance of asphalt. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/100818.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Nel CLM. Identifying Gradings and binder combinations for improving the grey water resistance of asphalt. [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/100818
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
28.
Koen, Jaco.
Artificial aeration on stepped spillways with piers and flares to mitigate cavitation damage.
Degree: MScEng, Civil Engineering, 2017, Stellenbosch University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/102964
► ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Stepped spillways have been used for approximately 3500 years and, with the recent technical advances in Roller Compacted Concrete construction, these spillways have…
(more)
▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Stepped spillways have been used for approximately 3500 years and, with the recent technical
advances in Roller Compacted Concrete construction, these spillways have received a
renewed interest over the past few decades. However, because of the possibility of cavitation
damage to the spillway chute at higher discharges, the maximum discharge that these
spillways can safely handle has been limited. A pre-emptive measure to combat cavitation
damage is to introduce flow aeration at the pseudo-bottom. In order to aerate the flow, various
crest pier aeration structures were investigated to ultimately increase the maximum safe unit
discharge capacity of stepped spillways.
Different aeration structures were investigated, on two types of spillways (Type A and Type B),
with the aid of two physical hydraulic models. The Type A spillway was a 1:15 scale, USBR
stepped spillway with transitional crest steps and a constant step height of 1.5 m. The spillway
performance of each aeration structure was determined by measuring the air concentration at
the pseudo-bottom and the minimum pressure at the step riser. Experiments on the Type A
spillway were carried out at a prototype unit discharge of 30 m²/s for the investigation of
different pier configurations near the spillway crest. The crest pier configurations comprised
two pier nose shapes, two pier lengths and the addition of a flare to the pier. The pier
configuration results were compared with the performance of an unaerated stepped spillway.
The maximum safe unit discharge capacity of an unaerated stepped spillway had previously
been determined by Calitz (2015) to be 25 m²/s. The implementation of the bullnose, short pier,
increased the maximum safe unit discharge capacity to 30 m²/s, by eliminating the risk of
cavitation damage in the vicinity of the natural aeration inception point.
The Type B spillway was a WES stepped spillway, with a smooth ogee crest and constant step
height of 1 m, which was used to evaluate the Chinese developed Flaring Gate Pier (FGP)
design. The model scale for this spillway was 1:50. The design of the model was based on the
Dachaoshan Dam (China), which has a design unit discharge of 165 m²/s. The FGP designs
consisted of an X-Shape and a Y-Shape FGP, together with a slit-type flip bucket. The
performance of these aerators was compared to an unaerated stepped spillway for prototype
unit discharges of 50 m²/s to 200 m²/s. The most notable improvement was the increase in the
maximum safe unit discharge capacity to 50 m²/s in the case of the X-Shape FGP.
In summary, the addition of a short, bullnose crest pier on low head/velocity stepped spillways
increased the maximum safe unit discharge capacity to 30 m²/s. In the case of a high
head/velocity stepped spillway, while the X-Shape FGP improved the maximum safe discharge
capacity to 50 m²/s.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Getrapte oorlope is vir meer as 3500 jaar al in gebruik, en met die onlangse tegniese
vooruitgang in roller-gekompakteerde beton konstruksie…
Advisors/Committee Members: Basson, Gerrit Roux, Bosman, Dawid Eduard, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Civil Engineering..
Subjects/Keywords: Spillways – Design and construction; Aeration, Artificial; Cavitation erosion – Prevention and control; Stepped spillways; UCTD
…Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
Table of Contents
Air Concentration… …91
P a g e | vii
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
Table of Contents… …126
P a g e | viii
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
Table of Contents… …184
P a g e | ix
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
List of Figures
List… …29
Page|x
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
List of Figures
Figure 2.16…
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Koen, J. (2017). Artificial aeration on stepped spillways with piers and flares to mitigate cavitation damage. (Masters Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/102964
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Koen, Jaco. “Artificial aeration on stepped spillways with piers and flares to mitigate cavitation damage.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/102964.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Koen, Jaco. “Artificial aeration on stepped spillways with piers and flares to mitigate cavitation damage.” 2017. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Koen J. Artificial aeration on stepped spillways with piers and flares to mitigate cavitation damage. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/102964.
Council of Science Editors:
Koen J. Artificial aeration on stepped spillways with piers and flares to mitigate cavitation damage. [Masters Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/102964
29.
Maree, Wilmar.
An independent review and summary of geotechnical information pertaining to the sidewall stability of the Kimberley "Big Hole" mine, with specific focus on the weathering and deterioration of the Kimberley shales.
Degree: MEng, Civil Engineering, 2017, Stellenbosch University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/102831
► The Kimberley “Big Hole” Mine in the center of Kimberley experiences frequent small scale toppling and landslide slope failure events, which causes the sidewalls of…
(more)
▼ The Kimberley “Big Hole” Mine in the center of Kimberley experiences frequent small scale toppling and landslide slope failure events, which causes the sidewalls of the pit to slowly migrate
outward towards surrounding businesses and infrastructure. The reason for slope stability problems and slope failures can be ascribed to the vast susceptibility of the underlying Kimberley shales to weather and deteriorate when exposed to the atmosphere and natural weathering
conditions. This sets into motion a process known locally as “mine pit break-back”, where regression of the underlying shale unit causes the overlying dolerite cap to break off into large dolerite blocks or boulders, which eventually topples over and into the open mine pit as single block toppling slope failure events. In order to help combat this problem of undermining at the Kimberley “Big Hole” Mine, five different dust and erosion control liquids were identified on the basis of forming a waterproof and weather resistant base around the surface it is applied to. In
theory, all five dust and erosion control liquids should prevent water ingress through the surface of the rock and create a protective layer that will increase rock durability and weathering resistance of the Kimberley shales. These products were tested by using various durability and weathering test techniques including absorption tests, cyclic wetting and drying tests, comparative accelerated weathering tests and slake-durability index tests. The ultimate aim of this project was to identify one of these dust and erosion control liquids as a viable solution towards the defined slope stability problem at the Kimberley “Big Hole” Mine and in turn stop the process of mine pit break-back by
applying this product to the sidewalls of the pit.
In addition, many non-conventional techniques of measuring ground movement or displacement around large open pits, such as the Kimberley “Big Hole” Mine for example, were used to identify the entire extent of slope stability problems at the Big Hole Mine, as well as determine the migration pattern for the sidewalls over the past 46 years. These ground movement measuring
techniques included a direct visual inspection of the slopes and sidewalls of the Kimberley “Big
Hole” Mine as well as the remote sensing and pixel tracking of aerial photographs between the years 1968 and 2014.
The abovementioned procedures delivered significant result towards combatting the defined slope stability problem at the Kimberley “Big Hole” Mine and conclusions and recommendations
surrounding further work at the open pit mine is worth further investigation. The Sasbind DECL product prevailed as the most successful and effective DECL product with regards to increasing
the rock durability and weathering resistance of the Kimberley shales after each durability and
weathering test, which lead to the conclusion that application of this product to the sidewalls of the Kimberley “Big Hole” Mine could prove to be highly successful in addressing the slope instability
problem at the…
Advisors/Committee Members: Fouche, Nanine, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Civil Engineering..
Subjects/Keywords: Slope stability (Soil mechanics); Weathering – Shale; Geotechnical engineering; UCTD
…Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
6.5 Petrographic Analysis… …Appendix C ....162
viii
Stellenbosch University https… …39
ix
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
Figure 20 A: Flexural toppling… …tests …...74
x
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
Figure 39… …Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
Figure 61: A contour map of the Kimberley “Big…
Record Details
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Record Details
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« Share
❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Maree, W. (2017). An independent review and summary of geotechnical information pertaining to the sidewall stability of the Kimberley "Big Hole" mine, with specific focus on the weathering and deterioration of the Kimberley shales. (Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/102831
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Maree, Wilmar. “An independent review and summary of geotechnical information pertaining to the sidewall stability of the Kimberley "Big Hole" mine, with specific focus on the weathering and deterioration of the Kimberley shales.” 2017. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/102831.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Maree, Wilmar. “An independent review and summary of geotechnical information pertaining to the sidewall stability of the Kimberley "Big Hole" mine, with specific focus on the weathering and deterioration of the Kimberley shales.” 2017. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Maree W. An independent review and summary of geotechnical information pertaining to the sidewall stability of the Kimberley "Big Hole" mine, with specific focus on the weathering and deterioration of the Kimberley shales. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/102831.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Maree W. An independent review and summary of geotechnical information pertaining to the sidewall stability of the Kimberley "Big Hole" mine, with specific focus on the weathering and deterioration of the Kimberley shales. [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/102831
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
30.
Babafemi, Adewumi John.
Tensile creep of cracked macro synthetic fibre reinforced concrete.
Degree: PhD, Civil Engineering, 2015, Stellenbosch University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96679
► ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Macro synthetic fibres are known to significantly improve the toughness and energy absorption capacity of conventional concrete in the short term. However, since…
(more)
▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Macro synthetic fibres are known to significantly improve the toughness and energy absorption
capacity of conventional concrete in the short term. However, since macro synthetic fibre are flexible
and have relatively low modulus of elastic compared to steel fibres, it is uncertain if the improved
toughness and energy absorption could be sustained over a long time, particularly under sustained
tensile loadings.
The main goal of this study is to investigate the time-dependent crack mouth opening response of
macro synthetic fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) under sustained uniaxial tensile loadings, and to
simulate the flexural creep behaviour. For the purpose of simulating the in-service time-dependent
condition, all specimens were pre-cracked.
Experimental investigations were carried out at three levels (macro, single fibre and structural) to
investigate the time-dependent behaviour and the mechanisms causing it. At the macro level,
compressive strength, uniaxial tensile strength and uniaxial tensile creep test at 30 % to 70 % stress
levels of the average residual tensile strength were performed. To understand the mechanism causing
the time-dependent response, fibre tensile test, single fibre pullout rate test, time-dependent fibre
pullout test and fibre creep test were done. Flexural test and flexural creep test were done to simulate
the structural level performance.
The results of this investigation have shown significant drop in stress and increase in crack width
of uniaxial tensile specimens after the first crack. The post cracking response has shown significant
toughness and energy absorption capacity. Under sustained load at different stress levels, significant
crack opening has been recorded for a period of 8 month even at a low stress level of 30 %. Creep
fracture of specimens occurred at 60 % and 70 % indicating that these stress levels are not sustainable
for cracked macro synthetic FRC.
The single fibre level investigations have revealed two mechanisms responsible for the time-dependent crack widening of cracked macro synthetic FRC under sustained loading: time-dependent fibre pullout and fibre creep. In all cases of investigation, fibre failure was by complete pullout
without rupture.
Flexural creep results have shown that the crack opening increases over time. After 8 months of
investigation, the total crack opening was 0.2 mm and 0.5 mm at 30 % and 50 % stress levels
respectively.
Since the crack opening of tensile creep and flexural creep specimens cannot be compared due to
differences in geometry, specimen size, load transfer mechanisms and stress distribution in the
cracked plane, a finite element analysis (FEA) was conducted. Material model parameters obtained
from the uniaxial tensile test and viscoelastic parameters from curve fitting to experimental uniaxial
creep results have been implemented to successfully predict the time-dependent crack opening of
specimens subjected to sustained flexural loading. Analyses results correspond well with…
Advisors/Committee Members: Boshoff, William Peter, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Civil Engineering..
Subjects/Keywords: Macro synthetic fibres; Fibre reinforced concrete (FRC); UCTD
…Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
Most importantly, I wish to thank the… …prayers and encouragement.
viii
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
Dedication… …ix
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
Table of Contents
Declaration… …22
x
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
2.2.2
Creep… …50
xi
Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
3.3.4
3.4
Drying shrinkage test…
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« Share
❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Babafemi, A. J. (2015). Tensile creep of cracked macro synthetic fibre reinforced concrete. (Doctoral Dissertation). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96679
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Babafemi, Adewumi John. “Tensile creep of cracked macro synthetic fibre reinforced concrete.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96679.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Babafemi, Adewumi John. “Tensile creep of cracked macro synthetic fibre reinforced concrete.” 2015. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Babafemi AJ. Tensile creep of cracked macro synthetic fibre reinforced concrete. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Stellenbosch University; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96679.
Council of Science Editors:
Babafemi AJ. Tensile creep of cracked macro synthetic fibre reinforced concrete. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Stellenbosch University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96679
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Open Access Theses and Dissertations
