+publisher:"Rutgers University" +contributor:("Zhang, Ning")

Rutgers University

1. Cheng, Liang, 1989-. Biodiversity and function of ACC-deaminase producing bacteria associated with grass roots.

Degree: MS, Plant Biology, 2015, Rutgers University

URL: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/47338/

► Poaceae grass root associated ACC-deaminase producing bacteria were collected from four locations in New Jersey pine barrens. A total of 186 bacterial isolates were obtained,… (more)

▼ Poaceae grass root associated ACC-deaminase producing bacteria were collected from four locations in New Jersey pine barrens. A total of 186 bacterial isolates were obtained, belonging to 6 orders, 9 families and 10 genera based on 16S rDNA sequencing. The most prevalent genus was Burkholderia (71.5%), followed by Herbaspirillum (9.1%), Pseudomonas (8.6%) and Paenibacillus (5.4%). A high throughput method was employed to quantify the ACC deaminase activity, which ranged from 0 to as high as 40024 nmol ketobutyrate/mg/h among all the isolates. A root elongation assay showed three isolates promoted root elongation significantly under well-watered condition and one isolate was able to promote root elongation under salinity condition. ACC-deaminase producing bacteria may play an important role in assisting the establishment of Poaceace grasses in the dry and infertile pine barrens ecosystem. The second part of this study tested the potential of ACC-deaminase bacteria inoculation in promoting plant growth and salinity stress tolerance and examined growth traits, nutrition status, and physiological changes associated with the ACC-deaminase bacteria inoculation. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) were inoculated with two ACC-deaminase bacteria, Burkholderia phytofirmans and Burkholderia gladioli under well-watered or salinity condition. The inoculums suppressed ACC production in both shoots and roots. Shoot and root growth was inhibited by salinity stress whereas the bacteria inoculation increased turf quality, tiller number, and promoted root development and biomass accumulation of both roots and shoots under well-watered and salinity stress. The inoculation also promoted physiological tolerance of plant to salinity stress, as manifested by higher leaf relative water content and photochemical efficiency, as well as lower electrolyte leakage of plants exposed to salinity stress. The inoculated plants had significantly lower Na content and higher K+/Na+ ratio in shoots under both well-watered and salinity conditions. The inoculation increased nitrogen content in shoot and root and potassium content in shoot under both well-watered and salinity conditions, but caused reduction in Ca, Mg, Fe, and Al content in shoots and roots under salinity conditions. The results demonstrated ACC-deaminase bacteria had beneficial roles in promoting perennial ryegrass growth and salinity tolerance, which could be potentially used in turfgrass establishment and maintenance. Advisors/Committee Members: Zhang, Ning (chair), Huang, Bingru (co-chair), Frenkel, Chaim (internal member).

Subjects/Keywords: Pine Barrens (N.J.); Plant-microbe relationships

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APA (6^th Edition):

Cheng, Liang, 1. (2015). Biodiversity and function of ACC-deaminase producing bacteria associated with grass roots. (Masters Thesis). Rutgers University. Retrieved from https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/47338/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cheng, Liang, 1989-. “Biodiversity and function of ACC-deaminase producing bacteria associated with grass roots.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Rutgers University. Accessed January 15, 2021. https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/47338/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cheng, Liang, 1989-. “Biodiversity and function of ACC-deaminase producing bacteria associated with grass roots.” 2015. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Cheng, Liang 1. Biodiversity and function of ACC-deaminase producing bacteria associated with grass roots. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Rutgers University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/47338/.

Council of Science Editors:

Cheng, Liang 1. Biodiversity and function of ACC-deaminase producing bacteria associated with grass roots. [Masters Thesis]. Rutgers University; 2015. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/47338/

Rutgers University

2. Malcolm, Katalin, 1988-. Effects of mercury on phylloplane fungi.

Degree: PhD, Ecology and Evolution, 2016, Rutgers University

URL: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/50041/

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The work described in this dissertation is linked by the common theme of how mercury (Hg) influences phylloplane (leaf surface) fungi. Hg is a highly… (more)

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The work described in this dissertation is linked by the common theme of how mercury (Hg) influences phylloplane (leaf surface) fungi. Hg is a highly toxic global pollutant of ecological and biological concern. Leaves sequester Hg and serve as a vector of Hg deposition to the forest floor. Phylloplane fungi are exposed to atmospheric Hg and are primary drivers of litter decomposition. However, it is unknown how Hg influences the fungal phylloplane community. This research contributes to current knowledge of ecological effects of Hg from the novel perspective of the fungal phylloplane community. Chapter 1 examined the effects of Hg deposition on the fungal phylloplane composition of living leaves. The fungal community was analyzed by culturing epiphytic fungi directly from leaves and using morphological and molecular techniques to identify cultures. It was determined that a single, low-dose Hg application did not significantly affect the fungal community over time. Chapter 2 investigated how fungal phylloplane cultures grew in the presence of Hg. The results indicated the effect was species specific. Some species exhibited changes in absolute growth but growth trajectories were not affected. A model was utilized to predict how the species would grow at increased Hg levels to identify which species would be sensitive or tolerant to increased Hg exposure. When the cultures were grown in pairwise interactions, Hg enhanced the competitive abilities of some species. The results indicate that Hg can affect growth of individual species, which could potentially affect community composition. Chapter 3 analyzed decomposition of Hg treated leaves in a low Hg contamination site. The leaves exposed to ambient levels of Hg decomposed more in absolute mass than the control or the four times ambient treatment. Although fungi are primary drivers of decomposition, there was not a correlation between the fungal community on decomposing leaves and decomposition. Collectively, this work demonstrates that Hg did not have an effect on the fungal community on living leaves or was a strong influence on litter decomposition at a low-contamination site. Hg can affect growth and competitive interactions of phylloplane fungi, but the effect is species specific.

Advisors/Committee Members: Dighton, John (chair), Barkay, Tamar (internal member), Zhang, Ning (internal member), Gray, Dennis (outside member).

Subjects/Keywords: Fungi; Mercury – Environmental aspects

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APA (6^th Edition):

Malcolm, Katalin, 1. (2016). Effects of mercury on phylloplane fungi. (Doctoral Dissertation). Rutgers University. Retrieved from https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/50041/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Malcolm, Katalin, 1988-. “Effects of mercury on phylloplane fungi.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Rutgers University. Accessed January 15, 2021. https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/50041/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Malcolm, Katalin, 1988-. “Effects of mercury on phylloplane fungi.” 2016. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Malcolm, Katalin 1. Effects of mercury on phylloplane fungi. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/50041/.

Council of Science Editors:

Malcolm, Katalin 1. Effects of mercury on phylloplane fungi. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2016. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/50041/

Rutgers University

3. Irizarry Caraballo, Ivelisse. Application of bacteria from non-cultivated plant relatives to promote growth, alleviate stress, and alter gene expression of cotton.

Degree: PhD, Plant Biology, 2017, Rutgers University

URL: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/53637/

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Beneficial bacterial endophytes are capable of promoting growth and alleviating abiotic and biotic stress in plants. This dissertation will present research that was undertaken to… (more)

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Beneficial bacterial endophytes are capable of promoting growth and alleviating abiotic and biotic stress in plants. This dissertation will present research that was undertaken to test the overarching hypothesis that non-cultivated relatives of crops in stressed environments possess beneficial bacteria capable of promoting growth and alleviating stress in cultivated plants. This hypothesis will be tested using cotton as a model and will seek bacteria in non-cultivated relatives in the Malvaceae family. Cultivated cotton provides a useful model for these studies because cotton seeds are acid delinted. Acid delinting is a century-old process that involves treating seeds with diluted sulfuric or hydrochloric acid to remove fuzzy lint covering seeds which facilitates cotton seed mass production and reduces the prevalence of seed-borne diseases. This practice likely disturbs the seed-transmitted cotton microbiome and thus, also affects the communities of beneficial microbes that are vertically transmitted to developing cotton seedlings. The research in this dissertation tested whether bacteria from non-cultivated, wild plants in the Malvaceae family in saline and arid areas in Puerto Rico promoted growth, alleviated salt stress, and protected cotton seedlings against seed-borne fungal diseases. Bacteria were isolated that enhanced cotton seed germination and altered the growth of various fungi. Among the bacteria isolated, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was further demonstrated to promote growth, alleviate salt stress, and alter root architecture of cotton and okra seedlings. Using a GeneChip microarray gene expression analysis, it was demonstrated that inoculating cotton seedling roots with B. amyloliquefaciens led to the differential expression of hundreds of genes in both non-stressed and salt stressed conditions. Many of the differentially expressed genes could contribute to the phenotypic effects observed on inoculated cotton seedlings. Moreover, B. amyloliquefaciens inhibited growth of numerous fungi and produced lipopeptides with antifungal and chlamydospore-inducing properties. Data supported that B. amyloliquefaciens promoted growth and alleviated biotic and abiotic stress of multiple hosts making it a suitable candidate to be used as a biofertilizer and biocontrol agent. Biological agents that enhance plant growth and health have the potential to decrease the demand for nitrogenous fertilizers and fungicides which are costly and detrimental to the environment.

Advisors/Committee Members: White, James F. (chair), Gianfagna, Thomas (internal member), Zhang, Ning (internal member), Sullivan, Raymond (outside member).

Subjects/Keywords: Cotton – Genetics; Endophytes

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APA (6^th Edition):

Irizarry Caraballo, I. (2017). Application of bacteria from non-cultivated plant relatives to promote growth, alleviate stress, and alter gene expression of cotton. (Doctoral Dissertation). Rutgers University. Retrieved from https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/53637/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Irizarry Caraballo, Ivelisse. “Application of bacteria from non-cultivated plant relatives to promote growth, alleviate stress, and alter gene expression of cotton.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Rutgers University. Accessed January 15, 2021. https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/53637/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Irizarry Caraballo, Ivelisse. “Application of bacteria from non-cultivated plant relatives to promote growth, alleviate stress, and alter gene expression of cotton.” 2017. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Irizarry Caraballo I. Application of bacteria from non-cultivated plant relatives to promote growth, alleviate stress, and alter gene expression of cotton. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/53637/.

Council of Science Editors:

Irizarry Caraballo I. Application of bacteria from non-cultivated plant relatives to promote growth, alleviate stress, and alter gene expression of cotton. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2017. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/53637/

Rutgers University

4. Behringer, Gregory. The genetic characterization of Northeastern Quercus associated Xylella fastidiosa populations.

Degree: PhD, Plant Biology, 2015, Rutgers University

URL: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/48391/

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Xylella fastidiosa is broad-host-range plant pathogen responsible for significant commodity crop damage in much of the Western Hemisphere. Since its description in 1892, focus has… (more)

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Xylella fastidiosa is broad-host-range plant pathogen responsible for significant commodity crop damage in much of the Western Hemisphere. Since its description in 1892, focus has centered around disease associated with Vitis (grape) hosts. Shade tree host studies of X. fastidiosa populations, however, have been both sparse and regionally oriented, making the exploration of infected oak stands an important area for greater understanding of this phytopathogen. To describe novel genetic profiles of the oak associated pathogen, Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic populations were assessed both phylogenetically and with Principal Component Analyses (PCA) and Minimum Spanning Trees (MSN). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based locus recoveries identified previously undescribed genetic diversity and phylogenetically separated oak associated populations based on host geography. Expanded analysis of insertion/deletion regions associated with the oak pathogen was also conducted for fine separation of populations relative to phylogenetic recoveries. Together these provided an efficient means to track the spread of the pathogen at the population level. To further explore genetic diversity in understudied X. fastidiosa oak populations, the genome of a Northeastern Quercus palustris associated X. fastidiosa isolate, RNB1, was sequenced and analyzed. Existing isolate comparisons described several novel RNB1 genomic regions, including two potential vir genes, and a Gene Ontology procyclic repeat pathogenesis locus. This work provided the first comparative look at an oak associated X. fastidiosa genome and described its composition relative to well described isolates. A final search for novel population specific markers in X. fastidiosa colonies targeted prophage segments. Thirteen regions across nineteen genomes were qualitatively described, with phage repressor and terminase suggestive of previously confirmed phylogenetic relatedness at an integrated phage-based locus. This data was then used in several machine learning approaches and proved accurate in predicting taxonomic categories across disparate X. fastidiosa populations when trained with matrix transforms of host specific X. fastidiosa prophage regions. This final study described evolutionary significance of widely profiled prophage regions and introduced an algorithmic approach for future large-scale genetically themed X. fastidiosa based population studies. Overall, the work herein presents previously undescribed genetic aspects of oak associated X. fastidiosa populations and posits a novel method for future data synthesis.

Advisors/Committee Members: Kobayashi, Donald Y (chair), Oudemans, Peter (internal member), Gould, Ann Brooks (internal member), Zhang, Ning (internal member), Polashock, James (outside member).

Subjects/Keywords: Oak – Diseases and pests

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APA (6^th Edition):

Behringer, G. (2015). The genetic characterization of Northeastern Quercus associated Xylella fastidiosa populations. (Doctoral Dissertation). Rutgers University. Retrieved from https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/48391/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Behringer, Gregory. “The genetic characterization of Northeastern Quercus associated Xylella fastidiosa populations.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Rutgers University. Accessed January 15, 2021. https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/48391/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Behringer, Gregory. “The genetic characterization of Northeastern Quercus associated Xylella fastidiosa populations.” 2015. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Behringer G. The genetic characterization of Northeastern Quercus associated Xylella fastidiosa populations. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/48391/.

Council of Science Editors:

Behringer G. The genetic characterization of Northeastern Quercus associated Xylella fastidiosa populations. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2015. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/48391/

Rutgers University

5. Miller, Stephen J., 1985-. Use of traditional and metagenomic methods to study fungal diversity in dogwood and switchgrass.

Degree: PhD, Plant Biology, 2015, Rutgers University

URL: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/48611/

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Fungi are the second largest kingdom of eukaryotic life, composed of diverse and ecologically important organisms with pivotal roles and functions, such as decomposers, pathogens,… (more)

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Fungi are the second largest kingdom of eukaryotic life, composed of diverse and ecologically important organisms with pivotal roles and functions, such as decomposers, pathogens, and mutualistic symbionts. Fungal endophyte studies have increased rapidly over the past decade, using traditional culturing or by utilizing Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) to recover fastidious or rare taxa. Despite increasing interest in fungal endophytes, there is still an enormous amount of ecological diversity that remains poorly understood. In this dissertation, I explore the fungal endophyte biodiversity associated within two plant hosts (Cornus L. species) and (Panicum virgatum L.), create a NGS pipeline, facilitating comparison between traditional culturing method and culture-independent metagenomic method. The diversity and functions of fungal endophytes inhabiting leaves of woody plants in the temperate region are not well understood. I explored the fungal biodiversity in native Cornus species of North American and Japan using traditional culturing techniques. Samples were collected from regions with similar climate and comparison of fungi was done using two years of collection data. To evaluate the use of metagenomic analysis in assessing fungal diversity from enviromental samples, I first developed a pipeline to analyze Illumina metagenomic data for fungi. I created a mock fungal community in triplicate and ran it on an Illumina MiSeq. I also compared the results from Illumina metagenomic analysis with those from culture methods for switchgrass root samples. I found the developed pipeline yielded high reproducibility among the three mock communities and a high correlation with the traditional culture method for the environmental samples. These results suggest that the developed pipeline is suitable for fungal metagenomic analysis and can capture more diversity than the culture-based methods. However, there still are software limitations and problems in taxonomy that need further improvement.

Advisors/Committee Members: Zhang, Ning (chair), White, James (internal member), Gianfagna, Thomas (internal member), Smouse, Peter (outside member), Lockwood, Julie (outside member).

Subjects/Keywords: Fungi; Dogwoods; Switchgrass

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APA (6^th Edition):

Miller, Stephen J., 1. (2015). Use of traditional and metagenomic methods to study fungal diversity in dogwood and switchgrass. (Doctoral Dissertation). Rutgers University. Retrieved from https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/48611/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Miller, Stephen J., 1985-. “Use of traditional and metagenomic methods to study fungal diversity in dogwood and switchgrass.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Rutgers University. Accessed January 15, 2021. https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/48611/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Miller, Stephen J., 1985-. “Use of traditional and metagenomic methods to study fungal diversity in dogwood and switchgrass.” 2015. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Miller, Stephen J. 1. Use of traditional and metagenomic methods to study fungal diversity in dogwood and switchgrass. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/48611/.

Council of Science Editors:

Miller, Stephen J. 1. Use of traditional and metagenomic methods to study fungal diversity in dogwood and switchgrass. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2015. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/48611/

Rutgers University

6. Capik, John Michael, 1981-. Identifying and evaluating eastern filbert blight resistant hazelnuts (Corylus spp.) in New Jersey.

Degree: MS, Plant Biology, 2014, Rutgers University

URL: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/42370/

► Eastern filbert blight (EFB), caused by the fungus Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Müller, is a destructive disease of European hazelnut (Corylus avellana). While the wild… (more)

▼ Eastern filbert blight (EFB), caused by the fungus Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Müller, is a destructive disease of European hazelnut (Corylus avellana). While the wild North American hazelnut, C. americana, only experiences minor symptoms, commercially grown C. avellana is extremely susceptible. Anisogramma anomala, whose range includes much of the U.S. east of the Rocky Mountains, is considered to be the main impediment to commercial hazelnut production in the East. As such, identifying and developing resistant C. avellana germplasm is critical to establishing an industry in this region. To support this goal, several research projects were undertaken. In the first study, 193 clonal hazelnut accessions spanning multiple Corylus species and inter-specific hybrids were examined for their disease response to EFB in New Jersey. In summary, despite the fact that many of the plants were shown to be resistant in Oregon, some accessions developed EFB in New Jersey. These results support previous work that suggests different isolates of the pathogen are present in the eastern U.S., and resistance may not hold up unilaterally. A second study included searching for new sources of resistance to EFB. New hazelnut germplasm was collected from Russia, Poland, and Ukraine and exposed to EFB. After at least five years of exposure, plants were rated for iii the presence of EFB. At completion, 76 trees from 24 seed lots were found to be free of EFB with several trees that also produced excellent quality kernels. The final study was predicated on evaluating known resistant plants for their flowering phenology in New Jersey. Phenological timing of flowering in hazelnuts is critical to ensure complete pollination and high crop yields. Nineteen hazelnut accessions were evaluated compared to daily temperatures over 4 years. Results showed that the accessions followed a similar progression of bloom each year (both staminate and pistillate flowers), which allowed their placement into Early, Mid-, and Late flowering groups. These findings represent the first efforts to report on flowering and bud break phenology in New Jersey, where the winter climate is colder and more variable than that of Oregon and other commercial hazelnut growing regions. Advisors/Committee Members: Capik, John Michael, 1981- (author), Molnar, Thomas J. (chair), Zhang, Ning (internal member), Goffreda, Joseph C. (internal member).

Subjects/Keywords: Eastern filbert blight – New Jersey; Hazel – Diseases and pests – New Jersey; Eastern filbert blight – Prevention

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APA (6^th Edition):

Capik, John Michael, 1. (2014). Identifying and evaluating eastern filbert blight resistant hazelnuts (Corylus spp.) in New Jersey. (Masters Thesis). Rutgers University. Retrieved from https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/42370/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Capik, John Michael, 1981-. “Identifying and evaluating eastern filbert blight resistant hazelnuts (Corylus spp.) in New Jersey.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Rutgers University. Accessed January 15, 2021. https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/42370/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Capik, John Michael, 1981-. “Identifying and evaluating eastern filbert blight resistant hazelnuts (Corylus spp.) in New Jersey.” 2014. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Capik, John Michael 1. Identifying and evaluating eastern filbert blight resistant hazelnuts (Corylus spp.) in New Jersey. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Rutgers University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/42370/.

Council of Science Editors:

Capik, John Michael 1. Identifying and evaluating eastern filbert blight resistant hazelnuts (Corylus spp.) in New Jersey. [Masters Thesis]. Rutgers University; 2014. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/42370/

Rutgers University

7. Averello, Vincenzo, 1990-. Diversity of tall fescue and relationships within festuca subgenus schedonourus based on nuclear and chloroplast simple sequence repeat markers.

Degree: MS, Plant Biology, 2017, Rutgers University

URL: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/55310/

► Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. syn. Lolium arundinaceaum [Schreb.] Darbysh. syn. Schedonourus arundinaceus [Schreb.] Dumort.) is an allohexaploid grass species that is found throughout Europe,… (more)

▼ Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. syn. Lolium arundinaceaum [Schreb.] Darbysh. syn. Schedonourus arundinaceus [Schreb.] Dumort.) is an allohexaploid grass species that is found throughout Europe, much of Asia, and North Africa. As it is currently understood, there are two gene pools within Festuca subgenus, the Continental morphotype, which can be found in Europe and Asia, and the Mediterranean morphotype, which can be found in Northern Africa. The aims of this thesis were to investigate the level of diversity present in a tall fescue germplasm collection from the center of origin for the species and recent cultivars and to determine the relationships between the collections and cultivars, as well as between the species and subspecies within the subgenus Schedonorus. Sixteen individuals from ninety-eight collections, cultivars, and accessions of Festuca and Lolium were genotyped using two tall fescue nuclear EST-SSRs, eleven tall fescue nuclear genomic SSRs, and eighteen tall fescue chloroplast SSRs. One chloroplast marker was used to assign each cultivars, collection, or accession to a morphotype. The nuclear SSR markers found that the turf-type cultivars of tall fescue were closely related but still genetically distinct from each other, agreeing with known pedigree information. The collections generally clustered by geographic origin. Bayesian cluster analysis showed that the cultivars and collections exhibit a high level of admixture. Chloroplast microsatellites were not capable of discriminating between cultivars and collections, as the nuclear satellites were. Both marker systems, separated the collections from North Africa from the other collections, as well as other species and subspecies from that region, suggesting they are not closely related. This work showed that nuclear SSRs were capable of distinguishing between cultivars and collections of tall fescue, while chloroplast SSRs were only capable of distinguishing between species and subspecies. Advisors/Committee Members: Bonos, Stacy A (chair), Meyer, William A (co-chair), Honig, Josh A (internal member), Zhang, Ning (internal member), School of Graduate Studies.

Subjects/Keywords: Tall fescue

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APA (6^th Edition):

Averello, Vincenzo, 1. (2017). Diversity of tall fescue and relationships within festuca subgenus schedonourus based on nuclear and chloroplast simple sequence repeat markers. (Masters Thesis). Rutgers University. Retrieved from https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/55310/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Averello, Vincenzo, 1990-. “Diversity of tall fescue and relationships within festuca subgenus schedonourus based on nuclear and chloroplast simple sequence repeat markers.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Rutgers University. Accessed January 15, 2021. https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/55310/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Averello, Vincenzo, 1990-. “Diversity of tall fescue and relationships within festuca subgenus schedonourus based on nuclear and chloroplast simple sequence repeat markers.” 2017. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Averello, Vincenzo 1. Diversity of tall fescue and relationships within festuca subgenus schedonourus based on nuclear and chloroplast simple sequence repeat markers. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Rutgers University; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/55310/.

Council of Science Editors:

Averello, Vincenzo 1. Diversity of tall fescue and relationships within festuca subgenus schedonourus based on nuclear and chloroplast simple sequence repeat markers. [Masters Thesis]. Rutgers University; 2017. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/55310/

Rutgers University

8. Bindell, Molly, 1988-. Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with switchgrass in the New Jersey Pine Barrens ecosystem.

Degree: PhD, Ecology and Evolution, 2019, Rutgers University

URL: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/60016/

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi) are a group of mutualistic, root-colonizing, microorganisms that have enormous importance in ecosystem functioning, agricultural production, and habitat conservation. Despite… (more)

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi) are a group of mutualistic, root-colonizing, microorganisms that have enormous importance in ecosystem functioning, agricultural production, and habitat conservation. Despite their relatively small taxonomic diversity, they associate with over 80% of terrestrial plants. AM fungal species are often described through morphological differences, such as, spore wall features. However, next-generation sequencing (NGS) has become an increasingly popular method to expand our understanding of AM fungal global diversity patterns. The drivers of AM fungal diversity patterns remain poorly understood. This dissertation, therefore, combines Illumina MiSeq sequencing and microscopic observations to uncover the AM fungal communities inhabiting switchgrass roots in the Pine Barrens ecosystem, and compare those communities with those from agroecosystems. The AM fungal communities of the rare and unique Pine Barrens ecosystem were previously unknown. Illumina sequencing results uncovered several clades unique to the Pine Barrens ecosystem, as well as, clades unique to agricultural fields, with many potentially novel species. This dissertation also developed a fully annotated, bioinformatic workflow for the study of AM fungal diversity via Illumina sequencing. Developing this AM fungal Illumina workflow showed that certain bioinformatic decisions can alter downstream AM fungal diversity results dramatically. Reference database selection was found to be a key decision in the workflow process. A pot experiment was also conducted in order to explore whether or not the acidic soils of the Pine Barrens influence the extent of switchgrass root colonization by and diversity of AM fungi. Native Pine Barrens AM fungi and soil were either left alone or amended with calcium carbonate (lime) in order to test whether soil pH plays a role in shaping the AM fungal communities, as previous studies have shown mixed results. Although the experiment didn’t yield much significant data, it found that plants grown without AM fungi and those with acidic soil grew bigger than those with AM fungi and those with more neutral soil. Better control over inoculation procedures and abiotic factors may shed more light on these findings. While this dissertation research helps us better understand AM fungal global diversity patterns, lingering questions remain on how these fungi function in different environments, why species exist in certain places, and how these fungi can be realistically implemented in sustainable agricultural practices.

Advisors/Committee Members: Zhang, Ning (chair), Dighton, John (internal member), White, James (internal member), Gianfagna, Thomas (outside member), School of Graduate Studies.

Subjects/Keywords: Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas; Switchgrass

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bindell, Molly, 1. (2019). Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with switchgrass in the New Jersey Pine Barrens ecosystem. (Doctoral Dissertation). Rutgers University. Retrieved from https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/60016/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bindell, Molly, 1988-. “Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with switchgrass in the New Jersey Pine Barrens ecosystem.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Rutgers University. Accessed January 15, 2021. https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/60016/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bindell, Molly, 1988-. “Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with switchgrass in the New Jersey Pine Barrens ecosystem.” 2019. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Bindell, Molly 1. Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with switchgrass in the New Jersey Pine Barrens ecosystem. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/60016/.

Council of Science Editors:

Bindell, Molly 1. Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with switchgrass in the New Jersey Pine Barrens ecosystem. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2019. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/60016/

Rutgers University

9. Zhao, Lele, 1989-. Evolution of fast-evolving viruses at various timescales.

Degree: PhD, Microbial Biology, 2019, Rutgers University

URL: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/60117/

►

In an attempt to combat emerging and re-emerging viral pathogens and to understand the deep evolutionary origins of viruses, a vast amount of research effort… (more)

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In an attempt to combat emerging and re-emerging viral pathogens and to understand the deep evolutionary origins of viruses, a vast amount of research effort is being devoted to the study of virus evolution. Of the many viral entities on this planet, fast-evolving viruses are most problematic and most intriguing. Using experimental evolution and comparative computational methods, this dissertation addresses questions in virus evolution of fast-evolving viruses at various timescales. A model RNA virus, the Pseudomonas bacteriophage phi6, was used for experimental evolution studies on genetic diversity. Starting from an overnight growth on an agar plate, three phi6 genotypes were assessed for their mutational frequency on a novel host. It was observed that extant host range mutations are epistatically constraining subsequent host range mutational neighborhoods during sequential host shift events. Next, genotypic generalist and ecological generalist were compared to specialist during long term experimental evolution to see if their evolutionary advantages can be attributed to higher genetic diversity. Ecological history was the major determinant of population genetic diversity in this study, in which selection on novel hosts purged generalist populations' genetic diversity and the specialist ecology was better at maintained higher levels of genetic diversity. Moving on to a larger timescale and to the fast-evolving single-stranded DNA viruses, 926 replication-associated protein (Rep) sequences of circular Rep-encoding ssDNA (CRESS DNA) viruses were collected from GenBank RefSeq database and used to estimate a Rep specific amino acid substitution matrix to model the evolutionary patterns of this homologous protein. Amidst the many recent taxonomic revisions in the CRESS DNA viruses, we contributed a novel matrix and a complete Rep tree as the accurate backbone for future classifications. Finally, the longest timespan covered in this dissertation was reached in the final chapter, on paleovirology of CRESS DNA viruses. Endogenous Rep sequences were found in 163 unique species, 24 different eukaryotic phyla across the tree of life using a relaxed tblastn search in the non-redundant eukaryotic nucleotide database. Apart from expansion on previous findings, genomovirus Reps were shown to exclusively group with endogenous sequences from fungal pathogens, where the only characterized genomovirus was isolated, suggesting potential hosts for uncharacterized members of the family. This dissertation uses many techniques to study dynamics in virus evolution and advances our ability to study both RNA and CRESS DNA viruses.

Advisors/Committee Members: Duffy, Siobain (chair), Zhang, Ning (internal member), Hillman, Bradley (internal member), Vignuzzi, Marco (outside member), School of Graduate Studies.

Subjects/Keywords: Viruses – Evolution

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Zhao, Lele, 1. (2019). Evolution of fast-evolving viruses at various timescales. (Doctoral Dissertation). Rutgers University. Retrieved from https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/60117/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zhao, Lele, 1989-. “Evolution of fast-evolving viruses at various timescales.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Rutgers University. Accessed January 15, 2021. https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/60117/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zhao, Lele, 1989-. “Evolution of fast-evolving viruses at various timescales.” 2019. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Zhao, Lele 1. Evolution of fast-evolving viruses at various timescales. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/60117/.

Council of Science Editors:

Zhao, Lele 1. Evolution of fast-evolving viruses at various timescales. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2019. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/60117/

10. Korn, Victoria Lois, 1994-. The effect of volatile organic compounds on Pseudogymnoascus destructans the causative agent of White nose syndrome in bats.

Degree: MS, Microbial Biology, 2019, Rutgers University

URL: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/60815/

► The causative agent of White-Nose Syndrome (WNS) in bats is the psychrophilic fungus, Pseudogymnoascus destructans. Since its discovery in the winter of 2006-2007 there has… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: White-nose syndrome – Prevention; Volatile organic compounds

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Korn, Victoria Lois, 1. (2019). The effect of volatile organic compounds on Pseudogymnoascus destructans the causative agent of White nose syndrome in bats. (Masters Thesis). Rutgers University. Retrieved from https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/60815/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Korn, Victoria Lois, 1994-. “The effect of volatile organic compounds on Pseudogymnoascus destructans the causative agent of White nose syndrome in bats.” 2019. Masters Thesis, Rutgers University. Accessed January 15, 2021. https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/60815/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Korn, Victoria Lois, 1994-. “The effect of volatile organic compounds on Pseudogymnoascus destructans the causative agent of White nose syndrome in bats.” 2019. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Korn, Victoria Lois 1. The effect of volatile organic compounds on Pseudogymnoascus destructans the causative agent of White nose syndrome in bats. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Rutgers University; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/60815/.

Council of Science Editors:

Korn, Victoria Lois 1. The effect of volatile organic compounds on Pseudogymnoascus destructans the causative agent of White nose syndrome in bats. [Masters Thesis]. Rutgers University; 2019. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/60815/

Rutgers University

11. Pennerman, Kayla K. Effects of volatile 1-octen-3-ol and biocontrol strain genetics on mycotoxin accumulation.

Degree: PhD, Plant Biology, 2019, Rutgers University

URL: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/60953/

►

Mycotoxins are fungal secondary metabolites that contaminate global food supplies by infecting pre- and post-harvest crops. Contaminated foods are highly hazardous to human health and… (more)

▼

Mycotoxins are fungal secondary metabolites that contaminate global food supplies by infecting pre- and post-harvest crops. Contaminated foods are highly hazardous to human health and cause economic losses to agricultural and food industries. Control of mycotoxin accumulation generally involves prevention such as use of chemical and biological agents to inhibit growth of toxigenic fungal strains. Two well-known toxins, patulin and aflatoxin, are among the most harmful compounds produced respectively by the fungi Penicillium expansum and Aspergillus flavus. Using molecular and computational methods, I investigated the biological mechanisms by which volatile 1-octen-3-ol affects patulin production by P. expansum and how genetic differences among non-aflatoxigenic A. flavus strains affect biocontrol effectiveness. My results demonstrate that exogenous volatile 1-octen-3-ol increases patulin production on a medium that normally suppresses biosynthesis of the mycotoxin. This increase correlates with an increased expression of a glucose oxidase gene and differential expression of thirty other genes involved in membrane transport, oxidation-reduction and carbohydrate metabolism. I compared the genomes and transcriptomes of two non-aflatoxigenic strains that are good or poor at biocontrol against aflatoxins to other sequenced A. flavus strains. The former contains an enriched number of genes predicted to be involved in oxidation-reduction processes that were not found in other inspected A. flavus strains. The non-aflatoxigenic strain that is a poor biocontrol agent has increased relative expression of six genes involved in stress response, which may help explain why the strain grows more slowly than other tested strains. A common theme that emerged from my studies on the genomes and transcriptomes of P. expansum and A. flavus was the identification of putative oxidation-reduction genes, indicating an important role of redox reactions in mycotoxin production. Overall, I obtained evidence for how 1-octen-3-ol induces patulin production and how high expression of stress response genes might impede competitive growth for aflatoxin biocontrol. It is my hope that this research will contribute to our general understanding of how volatile signaling and gene expression influence mycotoxin production and accumulation.

Advisors/Committee Members: Bennett, Joan W (chair), Zhang, Ning (internal member), White, James F (internal member), Kahn, Peter (outside member), School of Graduate Studies.

Subjects/Keywords: Aspergillus flavus; Mycotoxins – Genetic aspects

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Pennerman, K. K. (2019). Effects of volatile 1-octen-3-ol and biocontrol strain genetics on mycotoxin accumulation. (Doctoral Dissertation). Rutgers University. Retrieved from https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/60953/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pennerman, Kayla K. “Effects of volatile 1-octen-3-ol and biocontrol strain genetics on mycotoxin accumulation.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Rutgers University. Accessed January 15, 2021. https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/60953/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pennerman, Kayla K. “Effects of volatile 1-octen-3-ol and biocontrol strain genetics on mycotoxin accumulation.” 2019. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Pennerman KK. Effects of volatile 1-octen-3-ol and biocontrol strain genetics on mycotoxin accumulation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/60953/.

Council of Science Editors:

Pennerman KK. Effects of volatile 1-octen-3-ol and biocontrol strain genetics on mycotoxin accumulation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2019. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/60953/

12. Grimshaw, Austin Lee, 1988-. Evaluation and breeding of fine fescues for low maintenance applications.

Degree: PhD, Fine fescue, 2019, Rutgers University

URL: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/60736/

► Fine fescues (Festuca spp.) are being bred for low-maintenance turfgrass applications. One of the major limitations to the widespread use of fine fescue is summer… (more)

▼ Fine fescues (Festuca spp.) are being bred for low-maintenance turfgrass applications. One of the major limitations to the widespread use of fine fescue is summer patch susceptibility and traffic tolerance. Magnaporthiopsis poae (Landschoot & Jackson), is the long known causal organism of summer patch, however recent research has found a new species, Magnaporthiopsis meyeri-festucae (Luo & Zhang) from the diseased roots of fine fescue turfgrasses exhibiting summer patch symptoms. Breeding for improved tolerance to summer patch is critical but in order to do so a better understanding of the pathogen(s) is necessary. During 2017 and 2018, isolates of M. meyeri-festucae were compared to isolates of M. poae through plant-fungal interaction in growth chamber experiments and in vitro fungicide sensitivity assays with penthiopyrad, azoxystrobin, and metconazole. In the plant-fungal interaction experiments, M. poae was shown to exhibit higher levels of virulence than M. meyeri-festucae; however, certain isolates of the two species were ranked equal. In the fungicide sensitivity assays, an isolate of M. meyeri-festucae was shown to be 9.5 times more tolerant to azoxystrobin than a M. poae isolate. These results indicate that M. meyeri-festucae may be involved with summer patch symptoms of fine fescue under field conditions and should be considered along with M. poae when breeding for tolerance and developing best management strategies for controlling summer patch disease in fine fescue. Genetic resistance is an important control strategy and could reduce fungicide use. This study determined narrow-sense heritability of summer patch resistance in hard fescue (F. brevilipa R. Tracey) and evaluated inheritance characteristics of summer patch disease resistance. Inheritance characteristics such as heterosis were determined by evaluating the disease severity of progeny from crosses between resistant and susceptible hard fescue clones. Parental clones and progenies from crosses were established in a field trial in a randomized complete block design and inoculated with an isolate of both M. poae and M. meyeri-festucae applied at a rate of 3 cc per plant of prepared inoculum. Differences in progeny means between crosses were observed. Progeny from resistant × resistant crosses had less disease severity than resistant × susceptible and susceptible × susceptible crosses. Medium narrow-sense heritability estimates support the idea that additive gene action plays a role in disease resistance and that summer patch resistance is possibly quantitatively inherited. To better understand the tolerance to wear and traffic replicated field studies were established in North Brunswick, NJ and St. Paul, MN, and each included 157 Chewings fescue (F. rubra ssp. commutata Gaudin; syn. F. rubra ssp. fallax (Thuill.) Nyman), 155 hard fescue, and 149 strong creeping red fescue (F. rubra L. rubra Gaudin) genotypes. Wear tolerance was evaluated in North Brunswick and traffic tolerance was evaluated in St. Paul during 2015 and 2016 using different… Advisors/Committee Members: Bonos, Stacy (chair), Meyer, William (internal member), Zhang, Ning (internal member), Watkins, Eric (outside member), School of Graduate Studies.

Subjects/Keywords: Plant Biology; Fescue – Breeding; Fescue – Genetics

…and fresh water. The Rutgers University turf program has a goal to not only aid New Jersey… …et al., 2018). Researchers at Rutgers University and the University of Minnesota have… …conducted in breeding and related best management strategies. Researchers at Rutgers University… …sampled from Horticultural Farm 2 at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey in 2013 and…

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Grimshaw, Austin Lee, 1. (2019). Evaluation and breeding of fine fescues for low maintenance applications. (Doctoral Dissertation). Rutgers University. Retrieved from https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/60736/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Grimshaw, Austin Lee, 1988-. “Evaluation and breeding of fine fescues for low maintenance applications.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Rutgers University. Accessed January 15, 2021. https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/60736/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Grimshaw, Austin Lee, 1988-. “Evaluation and breeding of fine fescues for low maintenance applications.” 2019. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Grimshaw, Austin Lee 1. Evaluation and breeding of fine fescues for low maintenance applications. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/60736/.

Council of Science Editors:

Grimshaw, Austin Lee 1. Evaluation and breeding of fine fescues for low maintenance applications. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2019. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/60736/

13. Rajmohan, Nimmi. Fusarium diversity and the role of endophytic fusarium and bacteria on diesease resistance in lilium longilflorum.

Degree: Plant Biology, 2012, Rutgers University

URL: http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.1/rucore10001600001.ETD.000065249

Subjects/Keywords: Easter lily – Diseases and pests – New Jersey; Easter lily – Diseases and pests – Oregon; Fusarium – New Jersey; Fusarium – Oregon; Gibberella fujikuroi

…Easter lily breeding program at Rutgers University in New Jersey (NJ) produces new L…

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Rajmohan, N. (2012). Fusarium diversity and the role of endophytic fusarium and bacteria on diesease resistance in lilium longilflorum. (Thesis). Rutgers University. Retrieved from http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.1/rucore10001600001.ETD.000065249

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Rajmohan, Nimmi. “Fusarium diversity and the role of endophytic fusarium and bacteria on diesease resistance in lilium longilflorum.” 2012. Thesis, Rutgers University. Accessed January 15, 2021. http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.1/rucore10001600001.ETD.000065249.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Rajmohan, Nimmi. “Fusarium diversity and the role of endophytic fusarium and bacteria on diesease resistance in lilium longilflorum.” 2012. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Rajmohan N. Fusarium diversity and the role of endophytic fusarium and bacteria on diesease resistance in lilium longilflorum. [Internet] [Thesis]. Rutgers University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.1/rucore10001600001.ETD.000065249.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Rajmohan N. Fusarium diversity and the role of endophytic fusarium and bacteria on diesease resistance in lilium longilflorum. [Thesis]. Rutgers University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.1/rucore10001600001.ETD.000065249

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

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Open Access Theses and Dissertations