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Rutgers University
1.
Bezborodko, Ekaterina.
American blood banks: navigating gift and commodity exchange.
Degree: MA, Geography, 2013, Rutgers University
URL: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/41723/ 
► The U.S. blood supply system, which underpins much of modern healthcare, daily engages in both market and gift exchange. Voluntary blood donation in the midst…
(more)
▼ The U.S. blood supply system, which underpins much of modern healthcare, daily engages in both market and gift exchange. Voluntary blood donation in the midst of a profit-oriented healthcare system is usually taken for granted and rarely discussed in the national debate over commodification of medicine. This thesis investigates how non-profit blood banks balance the demands of all the markets that they participate in, while supplying a substance that is provided as a gift by donors. The research questions are: What are the historical roots of the American blood supply system, or how was the current mix of commodity and gift exchange established? What kind of calculation, competition, and price setting do blood banks engage in? What kind of gift exchange do blood banks engage in? How is blood both a commodity and a gift, and what does this mean for blood banks? Using an analytical framework based on Michel Callon’s theory of market formation, the thesis investigates U.S. Senate archives from the 1960s and interviews with current blood bank staff in New Jersey to describe the historical and contemporary practices that allow blood banks to manage their participation in multiple economies. This research confirms the idea that blood can be considered both a gift and a commodity, while demonstrating how people in a variety of organizational roles theorize this situation.
Advisors/Committee Members: Leichenko, Robin (chair), St. Martin, Kevin (internal member), Birkenholtz, Trevor (internal member).
Subjects/Keywords: Blood banks – United States; Commodification; Blood – Collection and preservation – United States
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APA (6th Edition):
Bezborodko, E. (2013). American blood banks: navigating gift and commodity exchange. (Masters Thesis). Rutgers University. Retrieved from https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/41723/
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Bezborodko, Ekaterina. “American blood banks: navigating gift and commodity exchange.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Rutgers University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/41723/.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Bezborodko, Ekaterina. “American blood banks: navigating gift and commodity exchange.” 2013. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Bezborodko E. American blood banks: navigating gift and commodity exchange. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Rutgers University; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/41723/.
Council of Science Editors:
Bezborodko E. American blood banks: navigating gift and commodity exchange. [Masters Thesis]. Rutgers University; 2013. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/41723/
Rutgers University
2.
Sarmiento, Eric, 1974-.
The local food movement and urban redevelopment in Oklahoma City: territory, power, and possibility.
Degree: PhD, Geography, 2015, Rutgers University
URL: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/47576/
► This dissertation examines the relationship between alternative food initiatives and urban processes through a case study of the statewide local food movement in Oklahoma and…
(more)
▼ This dissertation examines the relationship between alternative food initiatives and urban processes through a case study of the statewide local food movement in Oklahoma and its cultural, political, and economic linkages with urban redevelopment in Oklahoma City. Building on literature in geography, urban studies, and food studies, the work deploys ethnographic, participatory, and archival field research to trace the development of the local food movement and redevelopment. The state’s local food movement has grown rapidly, with a number of firms demonstrating diverse operating models and relations of production, which seek to balance economic, ecological, and social goals in varying ways and to varying degrees. The movement has also benefited from increasing support from state agencies and other organizations, and from the redevelopment strategies of Oklahoma City, which focus on quality of life initiatives aimed at attracting large companies and the well-educated labor force they require. However, the study finds that benefits to local food enterprises generated by the growth of the city’s ‘creative class’ have been uneven, due in part to increased corporate interest in specialty food markets. At the same time, local and other specialty foods have played an important role in revalorizing the urban core, from which less affluent and racial minority residents of some areas have been displaced by gentrification, raising questions about the social significance of both redevelopment and the local food movement. While these questions remain open, the study concludes by demonstrating how current efforts to create a local food hub in Oklahoma City suggest that the potential for more just and sustainable food systems and modes of urban redevelopment remains substantial.
Advisors/Committee Members: St. Martin, Kevin (chair), Schroeder, Richard (internal member), Lake, Robert (internal member), Whatmore, Sarah (outside member).
Subjects/Keywords: Local foods; Urban renewal – Oklahoma – Oklahoma City
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APA (6th Edition):
Sarmiento, Eric, 1. (2015). The local food movement and urban redevelopment in Oklahoma City: territory, power, and possibility. (Doctoral Dissertation). Rutgers University. Retrieved from https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/47576/
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Sarmiento, Eric, 1974-. “The local food movement and urban redevelopment in Oklahoma City: territory, power, and possibility.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Rutgers University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/47576/.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Sarmiento, Eric, 1974-. “The local food movement and urban redevelopment in Oklahoma City: territory, power, and possibility.” 2015. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Sarmiento, Eric 1. The local food movement and urban redevelopment in Oklahoma City: territory, power, and possibility. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/47576/.
Council of Science Editors:
Sarmiento, Eric 1. The local food movement and urban redevelopment in Oklahoma City: territory, power, and possibility. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2015. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/47576/
Rutgers University
3.
Drake, Luke.
The dynamics of an expanding community economy: community garden networks and clusters in New Jersey.
Degree: PhD, Geography, 2015, Rutgers University
URL: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/46334/
► This dissertation examines the role of networks in producing community gardens. It does so by tracing the flows of knowledge, labor, and materials within individual…
(more)
▼ This dissertation examines the role of networks in producing community gardens. It does so by tracing the flows of knowledge, labor, and materials within individual garden sites, between gardens, and between gardens, institutions and other community groups. Given the attention it has gained for themes of sustainability, local food production, and community building, it is important to understand the network dynamics through which community gardens are started, grow, and change. To this end, my study has three research questions: Which places foster community gardens? How do internal dynamics govern community garden maintenance? Lastly, how do dynamics between community gardens affect the work of garden sites? This study centers on the case of community gardening in New Jersey, but it also uses national surveys in order to ground the case study materials in a broader context. The research methods began with a survey of 445 community gardening organizations in the U.S. and Canada, followed by discourse analysis of archival documents on community gardening in the U.S. from the 1890s to the 2010s. I then conducted 48 semi-structured interviews with people involved in community gardens in 19 municipalities. Due to my methodology of tracing network connections, five of these interviews took place in Australia to investigate a partnership with a community garden in New Jersey. I was also a participant-observer in the New Brunswick Community Garden Coalition and a member of a community garden for two years, one of which I served as the garden’s president. As part of this ethnographic work, I also conducted a participatory geographic information systems project. Together, these methods revealed a complex web of resource flows and the mechanisms through which they are configured. In theoretical terms, I rethink community gardens as cooperative enterprises. This dissertation contributes more broadly to economic geography by bridging the diverse/community economies literatures with relational economic geography (REG) theory. J.K. Gibson-Graham’s diverse/community economies approaches are used in an expanding literature, but there has been little theorization of network dynamics in such studies. By drawing on concepts from REG regarding resource flows and clustering, I advance a relational conception of community economy.
Advisors/Committee Members: St. Martin, Kevin (chair), Schroeder, Richard (internal member), Lake, Robert (internal member), Tulloch, David (internal member), Lawson, Laura (outside member).
Subjects/Keywords: Community gardens – New Jersey; Urban agriculture
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APA (6th Edition):
Drake, L. (2015). The dynamics of an expanding community economy: community garden networks and clusters in New Jersey. (Doctoral Dissertation). Rutgers University. Retrieved from https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/46334/
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Drake, Luke. “The dynamics of an expanding community economy: community garden networks and clusters in New Jersey.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Rutgers University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/46334/.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Drake, Luke. “The dynamics of an expanding community economy: community garden networks and clusters in New Jersey.” 2015. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Drake L. The dynamics of an expanding community economy: community garden networks and clusters in New Jersey. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/46334/.
Council of Science Editors:
Drake L. The dynamics of an expanding community economy: community garden networks and clusters in New Jersey. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2015. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/46334/
Rutgers University
4.
Duffy-Tumasz, Amelia, 1984-.
Gendered seascapes in Senegal.
Degree: PhD, Geography, 2017, Rutgers University
URL: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/53612/
► This dissertation posits a feminist theory of access by examining how fisherfolk benefit from sardinella (yaboy) in Senegal. Once a byproduct of artisanal fisheries and…
(more)
▼ This dissertation posits a feminist theory of access by examining how fisherfolk benefit from sardinella (yaboy) in Senegal. Once a byproduct of artisanal fisheries and used as baitfish, today, sardinella is a nutritional staple and precious commodity in West Africa in both fresh and less perishable forms (i.e., keccax). This shift points to the historical importance of political ecologies as profoundly gendered processes that are co-produced with class and age in the studied setting of Joal-Fadiouth, an urbanizing town in the region known as La Petite Côte. I argue that an analysis of structure, technology and work are key to identifying when and how intersecting lines of social difference matter—and become strategic—in contestations over who is entitled to fish, and at what price. Drawing on eighteen months of ethnographic fieldwork, I analyze primary data from 125 semi-structured interviews, an in-depth survey of 93 boats owners and 5 focus groups, to triangulate original findings with internal government data sets and other secondary sources from the francophone literature that have been largely unavailable to anglophone audiences until now. This project responds to the relative lacuna in the literature on agrarian change by excavating and specifying a seascapes framework, to highlight points of potential synergy between often parallel conversations on the dynamics of land-based and sea-based systems of production.
Advisors/Committee Members: Schroeder, Richard A. (chair), St Martin, Kevin (internal member), Ghertner, D. Asher (internal member), Foley, Ellen E. (outside member).
Subjects/Keywords: Ecofeminism – Political aspects; Political ecology; Sardinella – Senegal
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APA (6th Edition):
Duffy-Tumasz, Amelia, 1. (2017). Gendered seascapes in Senegal. (Doctoral Dissertation). Rutgers University. Retrieved from https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/53612/
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Duffy-Tumasz, Amelia, 1984-. “Gendered seascapes in Senegal.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Rutgers University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/53612/.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Duffy-Tumasz, Amelia, 1984-. “Gendered seascapes in Senegal.” 2017. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Duffy-Tumasz, Amelia 1. Gendered seascapes in Senegal. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/53612/.
Council of Science Editors:
Duffy-Tumasz, Amelia 1. Gendered seascapes in Senegal. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2017. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/53612/
Rutgers University
5.
Eisenhauer, David C., 1986-.
Up in the air: informing and imagining climate adaptation along the New Jersey shore.
Degree: PhD, Geography, 2019, Rutgers University
URL: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/61735/
► In this dissertation, I examine the challenges posed by climate change to the New Jersey shore region as well as efforts to inform and support…
(more)
▼ In this dissertation, I examine the challenges posed by climate change to the New Jersey shore region as well as efforts to inform and support successful adaptation policies. The core argument of the dissertation is the region needs transformational change in the near term if a socially and ecologically vibrant future is to be achieved. Informing the design and supporting the implementation of sustainable transformational pathways requires engaging with the deeply entrenched cultural, economic, and political commitments that configure contemporary development within the New Jersey shore region. By drawing upon archival and historical research along with semi-structured interviews and participant observation, I demonstrate that historical and contemporary processes have contributed to material and imaginative path dependencies within the shore region that have led to governance and management prioritizing private property rights and economic growth over ecological and social sustainability. I argue that to support more just and sustainable pathways, practitioners working within the boundaries of science and policy must engage more with the political, imaginative, and normative dimensions of collective life in the New Jersey shore region.
In making this case, the dissertation is divided into two main sections. In Section One, I trace the historical development, entrenchment, and extension of the prevailing sociotechnical imaginary guiding development in the New Jersey shore region. In particular, I highlight how racism, capitalism, politics, and technological innovation all intersected to produce the contemporary space of the region. In doing so, I elucidate how historical forces are still present in the New Jersey shore landscape in the form of material infrastructure, public policy, and cultural visions of desirable life. In Section Two, I examine how ongoing initiatives to inform the creation of successful climate change policies must grapple with myriad constraints—including the historical ones described in Section One but also emergent ones due to climate change. In light of the numerous constraints to effective adaptation, I develop a heuristic to differentiate and connect individual barriers in order to help distinguish which factors drive slow and ineffective policy responses. By identifying and addressing such constraints, I argue it is possible to foster cascading change towards more desirable social and ecological arrangements. Following this, I provide an in-depth examination of how one initiative to provide municipal government actors with tailored and usable climate information succeeded in getting climate change adaptation on the policy agenda. I highlight the crucial role that boundary objects played in not only supporting collaboration, but also convening the process, securing buy-in, and implementing policies. At the same time, while the examined effort did manage to get municipal government elected officials and staff to begin planning for sea level rise, coastal flooding, and powerful storms, it…
Advisors/Committee Members: Leichenko, Robin (chair), St. Martin, Kevin (internal member), McElwee, Pam (internal member), Lemos, Maria Carmen (outside member), School of Graduate Studies.
Subjects/Keywords: Climate change mitigation – New Jersey; Climatic changes – New Jersey; Coastal zone management – New Jersey; Environmental history; Environmental politics; Sea level
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APA (6th Edition):
Eisenhauer, David C., 1. (2019). Up in the air: informing and imagining climate adaptation along the New Jersey shore. (Doctoral Dissertation). Rutgers University. Retrieved from https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/61735/
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Eisenhauer, David C., 1986-. “Up in the air: informing and imagining climate adaptation along the New Jersey shore.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Rutgers University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/61735/.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Eisenhauer, David C., 1986-. “Up in the air: informing and imagining climate adaptation along the New Jersey shore.” 2019. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Eisenhauer, David C. 1. Up in the air: informing and imagining climate adaptation along the New Jersey shore. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/61735/.
Council of Science Editors:
Eisenhauer, David C. 1. Up in the air: informing and imagining climate adaptation along the New Jersey shore. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2019. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/61735/
Rutgers University
6.
Scott, Deborah Ann.
Co-producing soft law and uncertain knowledge: biofuels and synthetic biology at the UN Convention on Biological Diversity.
Degree: PhD, Geography, 2015, Rutgers University
URL: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/47578/
► In this dissertation, I examine processes of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) to develop international soft law on biofuels and synthetic biology. I ask…
(more)
▼ In this dissertation, I examine processes of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) to develop international soft law on biofuels and synthetic biology. I ask how decision-making happens in the unique context of this treaty and on these issues, specifically looking to the role of knowledge politics. To do this, I first establish the cultures and legal structures that have developed within the CBD’s permanent bodies, identifying characteristics that have drawn criticism but that also have the potential to establish the CBD as a productive forum for examining emerging and uncertain technosciences. I then turn to the treaty’s engagement with biofuels and synthetic biology under its “New and Emerging Issues” mechanism. I identify three main ways knowledge politics have been expressed: setting the issue’s scope; establishing appropriate sources and types of knowledge for decision-making; and the meaning and implications of scientific uncertainties. I trace how the political, scientific, and administrative bodies of the treaty have grappled with each of these aspects, in the process providing a forum for consideration of the treaty’s scope, its legal epistemology, and its approach to decision-making in a post-predictive paradigm. Research methods include textual analysis, semi-structured interviews, participant observation of CBD negotiating events, and observant participation of treaty processes through an internship and consultancy with the CBD Secretariat on synthetic biology. This dissertation speaks to scholarship on global environmental governance and the governance of emerging technologies, expanding the concept of the co-production of law and science to include soft international law and a broad range of scientific uncertainties.
Advisors/Committee Members: Schroeder, Richard A (chair), St. Martin, Kevin (internal member), Lake, Robert W. (internal member), Campbell, Lisa M. (outside member).
Subjects/Keywords: Environmental policy; Global environmental change; Biomass energy
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APA (6th Edition):
Scott, D. A. (2015). Co-producing soft law and uncertain knowledge: biofuels and synthetic biology at the UN Convention on Biological Diversity. (Doctoral Dissertation). Rutgers University. Retrieved from https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/47578/
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Scott, Deborah Ann. “Co-producing soft law and uncertain knowledge: biofuels and synthetic biology at the UN Convention on Biological Diversity.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Rutgers University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/47578/.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Scott, Deborah Ann. “Co-producing soft law and uncertain knowledge: biofuels and synthetic biology at the UN Convention on Biological Diversity.” 2015. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Scott DA. Co-producing soft law and uncertain knowledge: biofuels and synthetic biology at the UN Convention on Biological Diversity. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/47578/.
Council of Science Editors:
Scott DA. Co-producing soft law and uncertain knowledge: biofuels and synthetic biology at the UN Convention on Biological Diversity. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2015. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/47578/
7.
Ulloa, Gabriela E., 1990-.
The stakeholders' relationships and the formation of environmental inequalities in the Valdivia plant, Los Rios region, Chile: a case study of environmental inequality.
Degree: MS, Geography, 2018, Rutgers University
URL: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/57744/
► Much of the literature on Environmental Justice documents if a community suffering from an environmental hazard is non-white or low-income, ignoring the community’s context and…
(more)
▼ Much of the literature on Environmental Justice documents if a community suffering from an environmental hazard is non-white or low-income, ignoring the community’s context and relationships between them. These relationships reflect the formation of environmental inequality as the continuous shaping and shifting alliances between multiple stakeholders. By following Pellow’s model of Environmental Inequality Formation (2000), this thesis investigates the role that different stakeholders play in the formation of Environmental Inequalities by looking at the events that conforms the Valdivia Plant’s Cruces River pollution, in the Valdivia province, Los Rios region, southern Chile. This thesis was conducted using a qualitative method and case study approach to review the case literature and to gather, code, and interpret secondary sources of information, including archival records and historical documents in the written form of news and texts. The information about the Valdivia plant case was gathered between 1994 and 2007. The results from this thesis show that the stakeholders involved in the case study participated actively and influenced the formation and avoidance of Environmental Inequality, stepping away from traditional assumptions of a “perpetrator-victim” scenario where vulnerable communities are passively bearing the pollution. Accordingly, this thesis also examines the different outcomes that stakeholders can achieve, by comparing the Maiquillahue Bay and the Cruces River stories of success and failure regarding the pollution and environmental inequality coming from the Valdivia Cellulose Plant. Moreover, the purpose of this thesis is to identify the broader causes of Environmental Inequality, moving beyond the common race/class explanations, and looking for structural and local forces that may explain the Environmental Inequality phenomenon. Future research directions in EJ studies should aim to incorporate the multi-stakeholder perspective when looking for the causes of environmental inequality, and to further research locals’ active resistance to environmentally unequal situations.
Advisors/Committee Members: Schneider, Laura C (chair), St Martin, Kevin (internal member), McElwee, Pamela (internal member), School of Graduate Studies.
Subjects/Keywords: Environmental justice – Chile
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APA (6th Edition):
Ulloa, Gabriela E., 1. (2018). The stakeholders' relationships and the formation of environmental inequalities in the Valdivia plant, Los Rios region, Chile: a case study of environmental inequality. (Masters Thesis). Rutgers University. Retrieved from https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/57744/
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ulloa, Gabriela E., 1990-. “The stakeholders' relationships and the formation of environmental inequalities in the Valdivia plant, Los Rios region, Chile: a case study of environmental inequality.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Rutgers University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/57744/.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ulloa, Gabriela E., 1990-. “The stakeholders' relationships and the formation of environmental inequalities in the Valdivia plant, Los Rios region, Chile: a case study of environmental inequality.” 2018. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Ulloa, Gabriela E. 1. The stakeholders' relationships and the formation of environmental inequalities in the Valdivia plant, Los Rios region, Chile: a case study of environmental inequality. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Rutgers University; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/57744/.
Council of Science Editors:
Ulloa, Gabriela E. 1. The stakeholders' relationships and the formation of environmental inequalities in the Valdivia plant, Los Rios region, Chile: a case study of environmental inequality. [Masters Thesis]. Rutgers University; 2018. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/57744/
8.
Karnad, Divya, 1985-.
Locating effective commons and community in Maharashtra State's Fisheries, India.
Degree: PhD, Geography, 2017, Rutgers University
URL: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/55524/
► This thesis views commons and resource management through a lens of plurality. Through discussions of plural identities, diverse economies and multiple legal systems, this work…
(more)
▼ This thesis views commons and resource management through a lens of plurality. Through discussions of plural identities, diverse economies and multiple legal systems, this work seeks to challenge the bounds of commons thinking, pushing past static understandings of people, social networks, the environment and resources. Principles created by Elinor Ostrom and colleagues have largely defined the commons management discourse, but my work follows that of
St Martin, McCay and Jentoft in realizing the limits to a systems approach to commons research. The commons institution that I study does not fit Ostrom's criteria, and therefore could be assumed to be a failure, except that I have found evidence of key outcomes of successful commons institutions. These include management based on goals of social equity and ecological sustainability, as well as clear examples of the existence of community. Understanding this so-called 'anomalous' institution as successful requires a re- examination of commons theory. Thus my work uses post structural thinking, iiinfluenced by Jean-Luc Nancy and JK Gibson-Graham, to develop a more grounded theory approach to understanding commons management. My research is based on the case of marine fisheries across two districts of the state of Maharashtra in India. Mismanagement of Indian fisheries could have ripple effects on global seafood availability because India, along with China, contributes 50% of the world’s seafood exports to Europe and the United States. Several studies have called for greater state intervention in fisheries (e.g Devaraj and Vivekanandan, 1999), although state fisheries legislation is plagued by large gaps in enforcement and lack of compliance (Bavinck and Johnson, 2008; Karnad et al., 2014). My PhD research describes a alternate solution, by finding evidence of continuing fisheries management by non state actors. I examine the emergence of commons through fishing issues and conflicts that prompted village discussions and rule-making. I ask how and why people participate in these associations, and whether there is evidence, in these associations, of the type of ethical relationships that could be called community. I probe people's motivation to participate in these communities despite economic and political pressure to follow individualistic, neoliberal practices. In particular I focus on the creation of 'traditional fishermen', a term that is used by fishermen to signify a particular ethical formation that comes into being through practices unrelated to the technology that they use to fish, and to class or caste. I find that successful commons management can exist in culturally heterogeneous, market-linked, technologically advanced societies, which are typically assumed to operate using the logic of neoliberal economics. I identify processes of territoriality, group and consensus based decision making, social iiidependence and ostracism as some of the key processes that allow commons and community to come into being. The degree of…
Advisors/Committee Members: St. Martin, Kevin (chair), McCay, Bonnie (co-chair), Schroeder, Richard (internal member), BAVINCK, MAARTEN (outside member), School of Graduate Studies.
Subjects/Keywords: Fisheries – India
…Fund/MMMF and Louis Bevier Fellowship for dissertation writing from
Rutgers University. The… …Rutgers University pre-dissertation research grant, South
Asian Studies Program Research/Travel… …received travel grants from
Rutgers University to present my research at several conferences. I…
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Karnad, Divya, 1. (2017). Locating effective commons and community in Maharashtra State's Fisheries, India. (Doctoral Dissertation). Rutgers University. Retrieved from https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/55524/
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Karnad, Divya, 1985-. “Locating effective commons and community in Maharashtra State's Fisheries, India.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Rutgers University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/55524/.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Karnad, Divya, 1985-. “Locating effective commons and community in Maharashtra State's Fisheries, India.” 2017. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Karnad, Divya 1. Locating effective commons and community in Maharashtra State's Fisheries, India. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/55524/.
Council of Science Editors:
Karnad, Divya 1. Locating effective commons and community in Maharashtra State's Fisheries, India. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2017. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/55524/
9.
Danza, Daniel J., 1987-.
Ontogenic landscapes: hydro-fracking, potentiality, and the assemblage of identity over the northeastern Marcellus Shale.
Degree: MA, Geography, 2012, Rutgers University
URL: http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.1/rucore10001600001.ETD.000065117
► Recent environmental, ecological, and economic concerns have interwoven in an increasingly complex manner with movements often coalescing around both particular practices and regions. Of great…
(more)
▼ Recent environmental, ecological, and economic concerns have interwoven in an increasingly complex manner with movements often coalescing around both particular practices and regions. Of great contemporary interest in the wider New York metro area is the growing public controversy over the practice of hydraulic fracturing, otherwise known as “fracking.” An unconventional extraction process conducted over a massive underground shale gas formation known as the Marcellus Shale, fracking asks residents to pick between the industry’s promise of economic stability and the potential of a radically altered landscape. In part, this thesis is a response to the paucity of work on fracking which fully engages important questions of perception of and one’s position in landscape as well as the attendant dynamics of subject formation. Additionally, the social conflicts inherent to large-scale energy extraction in this region present notable insights into community, environmental identity, and questions of scale. Drawing on participatory qualitative research, particularly among environmental activists, this thesis seeks to illuminate a processual and non-representational theory of nature, landscape, and environmental politics while demonstrating the fecundity of an emergent and rapidly growing environmental activism that is simultaneously “rooted” in notions of locality while dependent upon a fundamental mobility.
Advisors/Committee Members: Danza, Daniel J., 1987- (author), St Martin, Kevin (chair), Birkenholtz, Trevor (internal member), O'Neil, Karen (internal member).
Subjects/Keywords: Hydraulic fracturing – New York (State); Shale gas industry – New York (State); Shale gas industry – Pennsylvania; Hydraulic fracturing – Pennsylvania
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APA (6th Edition):
Danza, Daniel J., 1. (2012). Ontogenic landscapes: hydro-fracking, potentiality, and the assemblage of identity over the northeastern Marcellus Shale. (Masters Thesis). Rutgers University. Retrieved from http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.1/rucore10001600001.ETD.000065117
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Danza, Daniel J., 1987-. “Ontogenic landscapes: hydro-fracking, potentiality, and the assemblage of identity over the northeastern Marcellus Shale.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Rutgers University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.1/rucore10001600001.ETD.000065117.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Danza, Daniel J., 1987-. “Ontogenic landscapes: hydro-fracking, potentiality, and the assemblage of identity over the northeastern Marcellus Shale.” 2012. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Danza, Daniel J. 1. Ontogenic landscapes: hydro-fracking, potentiality, and the assemblage of identity over the northeastern Marcellus Shale. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Rutgers University; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.1/rucore10001600001.ETD.000065117.
Council of Science Editors:
Danza, Daniel J. 1. Ontogenic landscapes: hydro-fracking, potentiality, and the assemblage of identity over the northeastern Marcellus Shale. [Masters Thesis]. Rutgers University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.1/rucore10001600001.ETD.000065117
10.
Gabriel, Nathaniel Joseph, 1978-.
The work that parks do: urban environmental management and its alternatives.
Degree: PhD, Geography, 2012, Rutgers University
URL: http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.1/rucore10001600001.ETD.000066740
► As cities come to be seen as both the source of and the possible solution to a variety of environmental concerns, and as hubs of…
(more)
▼ As cities come to be seen as both the source of and the possible solution to a variety of environmental concerns, and as hubs of economic activity, it is increasingly important to understand the shifting meanings that are applied to them, their economies, and their connection to the non-human world. In this dissertation, I examine the city as a site of environmental discourse formation, where knowledge about the environment is produced, shaped, and changed, and where notions of “nature” and “society” develop in conjunction with an emerging understanding of environmental responsibility and identity. Through an examination of the establishment of urban parks in Philadelphia from the 19th century to the present, this project sheds light on the processes through which the urban and the natural have been and continue to be constituted. The central concern of this project is to understand how and why a particular knowledge of urban nature emerged, to uncover the techniques employed that produce and reinforce it, and to trace the positioning of subjects within urban, economic, and environmental discourses. To do this, I identify the sites in which this discourse is (re)produced, the disciplinary techniques and specific practices that produce parks as unique kinds of spaces or landscapes in the city, and the consequences of these framings for the way cities are imagined. I employ a range of research methods that includes text analysis, visual discourse analysis, participant observation, and focus group interviewing techniques.
Advisors/Committee Members: Gabriel, Nathaniel Joseph, 1978- (author), St. Martin, Kevin (chair), Schroeder, Richard (internal member), Lake, Robert (internal member), Brownlow, Alec (outside member).
Subjects/Keywords: Parks – Pennsylvania – Philadelphia – History; Political ecology – Pennsylvania – Philadelphia – History
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APA (6th Edition):
Gabriel, Nathaniel Joseph, 1. (2012). The work that parks do: urban environmental management and its alternatives. (Doctoral Dissertation). Rutgers University. Retrieved from http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.1/rucore10001600001.ETD.000066740
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Gabriel, Nathaniel Joseph, 1978-. “The work that parks do: urban environmental management and its alternatives.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Rutgers University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.1/rucore10001600001.ETD.000066740.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Gabriel, Nathaniel Joseph, 1978-. “The work that parks do: urban environmental management and its alternatives.” 2012. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Gabriel, Nathaniel Joseph 1. The work that parks do: urban environmental management and its alternatives. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.1/rucore10001600001.ETD.000066740.
Council of Science Editors:
Gabriel, Nathaniel Joseph 1. The work that parks do: urban environmental management and its alternatives. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.1/rucore10001600001.ETD.000066740
Rutgers University
11.
Nisa, Richard.
Demons, phantoms, monsters:
law, bodies, and detention in the war on terror.
Degree: MA, Geography, 2007, Rutgers University
URL: http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.16754
► This thesis is a study of the political and legal geographies of detention and interrogation in the War on Terror. First, as individual bodies are…
(more)
▼ This thesis is a study of the political and legal geographies of detention and interrogation in the War on Terror. First, as individual bodies are increasingly singled out for control based not on a breach of law, but on behavior that might reveal one's destructive intentions, how are various security techniques being absorbed into the legal frameworks of liberalism and mobilized spatially in international war prisons? Next, how does this focus on bodily contingencies and destructive potentiality modify the legal organization of violence in the landscape of international conflict? Finally, how are new technologies of control and expertise being deployed to establish a fluid space for the exercise of State power, and what are the roles of agents of legal discourse – judges, lawyers, administrators – in securing this landscape? How do these spaces reflect a particularly neoliberal mode of detention? In approaching these questions, I address relationships between state spatiality, law, and the detention of the human body in the ongoing War on Terror. I concentrate on the discursive and material thresholds that are often understood to organize the landscape of war: freedom and social control, legal and illegal violence, body and state, self and other. Through close analyses, I intend to show that legal discourse in the War on Terror occupies a rather tenuous position – being called upon to legitimize acts of war and violence while simultaneously revealing spaces that challenge the legitimacy of those very actions. Ultimately, this is a work interrogating the legal production of insides and outsides.
Advisors/Committee Members: Nisa, Richard (author), Lake, Robert (chair), Leichenko, Robin (internal member), St. Martin, Kevin (internal member).
Subjects/Keywords: Detention of persons; Terrorists – Legal status; Human rights; Terrorism – Prevention
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APA (6th Edition):
Nisa, R. (2007). Demons, phantoms, monsters:
law, bodies, and detention in the war on terror. (Masters Thesis). Rutgers University. Retrieved from http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.16754
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Nisa, Richard. “Demons, phantoms, monsters:
law, bodies, and detention in the war on terror.” 2007. Masters Thesis, Rutgers University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.16754.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Nisa, Richard. “Demons, phantoms, monsters:
law, bodies, and detention in the war on terror.” 2007. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Nisa R. Demons, phantoms, monsters:
law, bodies, and detention in the war on terror. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Rutgers University; 2007. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.16754.
Council of Science Editors:
Nisa R. Demons, phantoms, monsters:
law, bodies, and detention in the war on terror. [Masters Thesis]. Rutgers University; 2007. Available from: http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.16754
Rutgers University
12.
Pine, Adam M.
The bodega on the corner: neighborhoods, transnationalism, and redevelopment in Philadelphia.
Degree: PhD, Geography, 2007, Rutgers University
URL: http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.17030
► This dissertation examines the relationship between immigration and urban redevelopment through an analysis of two sites of immigration debates in the City of Philadelphia: the…
(more)
▼ This dissertation examines the relationship between immigration and urban redevelopment through an analysis of two sites of immigration debates in the City of Philadelphia: the city’s promotion of increased international immigration as an economic development tool and the experiences of one group of immigrant entrepreneurs – small neighborhood grocery stores owners from the Dominican Republic. I interviewed city policy makers, neighborhood economic development officials, Dominican storeowners, and conducted participant observation in Dominican-owned stores. I argue that pro-immigration policies embody a form of citizenship whose boundaries are delineated by the needs of the market. The policies act as a form of governmentality because they seek to condition the behavior of immigrants. Similarly, my work with the grocers suggests that their sense of citizenship is coerced and performative: they expressed incredible fears of crime and violence, yet bent over backwards to serve their customers, obey neighborhood codes of conduct, and appear as contented neighborhood residents. The grocers’ actions are therefore designed to preserve their fragile situation as middlemen minority and are not a reflection of feelings of community belonging. My research uses the immigration debates in the City of Philadelphia to suggest new understandings of scale. In looking to other countries for the workers needed to revitalize the city, pro-immigrant policies rescale development to the global level. In contrast, by demanding economically profitable actions from immigrants, the policies rescale economic development down to the bodies of urban residents. The grocers’ mobility questions the appropriateness of the “neighborhood᾿ as a scale of economic development and suggests the need to integrate theories of economic development with theories of migration, transnationalism, and mobility. To this end, the grocers survive through a process I label “temporary permanence᾿ through which they are embedded in Philadelphia neighborhoods while simultaneously using their mobility to constantly transgress neighborhood, urban, and transnational boundaries. Likewise, my work suggests that households constitute an essential scale in the process of urban redevelopment. Because bodegas are family-run businesses that make the social reproduction of families in urban neighborhoods possible they illustrate that households are a vital scale of urban analysis.
Advisors/Committee Members: Lake, Robert (chair), St. Martin, Kevin (internal member), Regulska, Joanna (internal member), Grasmuck, Sherri (outside member).
Subjects/Keywords: Urban renewal – Pennsylvania – Philadelphia; Neighborhood – Pennsylvania – Philadelphia; Transnationalism – Pennsylvania – Philadelphia
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APA (6th Edition):
Pine, A. M. (2007). The bodega on the corner: neighborhoods, transnationalism, and redevelopment in Philadelphia. (Doctoral Dissertation). Rutgers University. Retrieved from http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.17030
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Pine, Adam M. “The bodega on the corner: neighborhoods, transnationalism, and redevelopment in Philadelphia.” 2007. Doctoral Dissertation, Rutgers University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.17030.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Pine, Adam M. “The bodega on the corner: neighborhoods, transnationalism, and redevelopment in Philadelphia.” 2007. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Pine AM. The bodega on the corner: neighborhoods, transnationalism, and redevelopment in Philadelphia. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2007. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.17030.
Council of Science Editors:
Pine AM. The bodega on the corner: neighborhoods, transnationalism, and redevelopment in Philadelphia. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2007. Available from: http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.17030
Rutgers University
13.
Andrews, Marguerite.
The machine in the forest: a political ecology of snowmobiling and conflict in Maine's north woods.
Degree: MA, Geography, 2008, Rutgers University
URL: http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.17271
► In Maine's north woods, a vast expanse of more than 60,000 square kilometers of mostly private, second-growth forestland, sweeping changes in land ownership and consequent…
(more)
▼ In Maine's north woods, a vast expanse of more than 60,000 square kilometers of mostly private, second-growth forestland, sweeping changes in land ownership and consequent large-scale conservation efforts have provoked a layered debate. Many residents of the woods have reacted vociferously against preservationist policies that aim to restrict practices such as hunting, motorized recreation, and timber harvesting on lands where they have lived, worked, and played for generations. The clashes in the forest are multifaceted, involving control over access and appropriate uses, disparate aesthetics and ideologies, and divergent constructions of both the landscape and rural livelihoods. In an effort to tease out and better understand these broader aspects of conflict, I explore the history and culture of snowmobiling, both generally and within Maine. Snowmobiling is one of several practices that north woods communities are identifying as traditional and attempting to preserve in the face of intensifying natural resource protection efforts and ensuing restrictions. I argue that opponents' framing of snowmobiling simply as a threat to forest ecologies can mask underlying ideological, aesthetic, and socio-cultural objections which also work to shape beliefs and policy regarding the place for humans and their various activities in natural areas. Dominant environmental discourses and expectations of human relations with nature are characterized by dualistic ways of thinking that situate nature/culture, rural/urban, and tradition/technology in separate realms. Thus I aim to establish linkages among these discrete categories and reveal how dichotomous frameworks effectively privilege certain practices and people, while silencing or dismissing local social, economic, and environmental relations and histories. However, this project of deconstruction and redefinition is not just my own. My research demonstrates that local residents of Maine's woods are not merely struggling for the retention of access points; more profoundly, they are advancing alternate discourses of nature, rurality, and tradition in a fight to defend and protect their livelihood(s) and culture(s).
Advisors/Committee Members: Hughes, David (chair), Schroeder, Richard (co-chair), St. Martin, Kevin (internal member).
Subjects/Keywords: Snowmobiles; Forest ecology – Maine
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APA (6th Edition):
Andrews, M. (2008). The machine in the forest: a political ecology of snowmobiling and conflict in Maine's north woods. (Masters Thesis). Rutgers University. Retrieved from http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.17271
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Andrews, Marguerite. “The machine in the forest: a political ecology of snowmobiling and conflict in Maine's north woods.” 2008. Masters Thesis, Rutgers University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.17271.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Andrews, Marguerite. “The machine in the forest: a political ecology of snowmobiling and conflict in Maine's north woods.” 2008. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Andrews M. The machine in the forest: a political ecology of snowmobiling and conflict in Maine's north woods. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Rutgers University; 2008. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.17271.
Council of Science Editors:
Andrews M. The machine in the forest: a political ecology of snowmobiling and conflict in Maine's north woods. [Masters Thesis]. Rutgers University; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.17271
Rutgers University
14.
Barron, Elizabeth S., 1975-.
Situated knowledge and fungal conservation: morel mushroom management in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States.
Degree: PhD, Geography, 2010, Rutgers University
URL: http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.1/rucore10001600001.ETD.000056150
► Fungi are a mega-diverse group of organisms, currently estimated at 1.5 million species, yet their conservation has attracted little attention. Beginning in the mid-1980s in…
(more)
▼ Fungi are a mega-diverse group of organisms, currently estimated at 1.5 million species, yet their conservation has attracted little attention. Beginning in the mid-1980s in Europe, and the mid-1990s in the United States, fungal management and conservation discourses have developed noticeably in the last ten years. Reported declines in true morels (Morchella sp.) in the early 2000s raised concerns about overharvesting by visitors to national parks in the mid-Atlantic region of the U.S., where morel collecting is a popular and long-standing activity. In this dissertation, I explore this confluence of events, and ask: why is the conservation of this mega-diverse group of organisms emerging now, how is this happening, and what are the effects? Drawing on critical and poststructural perspectives on discourse and knowledge, I examine the ways in which fungal conservation emulates existing conservation discourses based on expert knowledge, state regulated land management, and capital investment. Like other biological scientists, mycologists emphasize biodiversity protection, data accumulation, and regulations for conservation and sustainable exploitation of fungal resources. Data on current and emerging fungal conservation discourses were collected using a mixed methods approach, including interviews with stakeholders and participant observation at three mycological meetings. Ecological knowledge, opinions, and relationships among mycologists, managers and long-term harvesters, vis-à-vis management and conservation, were examined. Finally, an ecological assessment based on harvester ecological knowledge demonstrates the integration of different methodological approaches. Shifting from studying accumulated scientific knowledge to examining the ways and places in which scientists create such knowledge emphasizes the practice of knowledge production. Managers and harvesters also produce knowledge and practices relevant for conservation. Participants’ biological and ecological knowledge is the epistemological foundation for their approach to fungal conservation; and these emerging “models” seem to diverge based on stakeholder group membership. However, further analysis shows that some stakeholders share concerns regarding conservation that are consistent with a specific logic, rather than with their group identity. These processes of analysis and documentation acknowledge and disrupt uniform truth regimes, giving voice to those that have been traditionally absent or marginalized in the formal protection and preservation of their own environments.
Advisors/Committee Members: Barron, Elizabeth S., 1975- (author), Schroeder, Richard A. (chair), Emery, Marla R. (internal member), St. Martin, Kevin (internal member), Dighton, John (outside member).
Subjects/Keywords: Morels – Conservation; Fungi conservation; Natural resources – Management; Political ecology
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MLA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Barron, Elizabeth S., 1. (2010). Situated knowledge and fungal conservation: morel mushroom management in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. (Doctoral Dissertation). Rutgers University. Retrieved from http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.1/rucore10001600001.ETD.000056150
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Barron, Elizabeth S., 1975-. “Situated knowledge and fungal conservation: morel mushroom management in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, Rutgers University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.1/rucore10001600001.ETD.000056150.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Barron, Elizabeth S., 1975-. “Situated knowledge and fungal conservation: morel mushroom management in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States.” 2010. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Barron, Elizabeth S. 1. Situated knowledge and fungal conservation: morel mushroom management in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2010. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.1/rucore10001600001.ETD.000056150.
Council of Science Editors:
Barron, Elizabeth S. 1. Situated knowledge and fungal conservation: morel mushroom management in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.1/rucore10001600001.ETD.000056150
Rutgers University
15.
Takahashi, Satsuki, 1978-.
Surviving modernization: State, community, and the environment in two Japanese fishing towns.
Degree: PhD, Anthropology, 2010, Rutgers University
URL: http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.1/rucore10001600001.ETD.000056783
► This dissertation builds on and aims to contribute to the anthropological understandings of the commons, natural resource management, and modernization. Through a historical and ethnographic…
(more)
▼ This dissertation builds on and aims to contribute to the anthropological understandings of the commons, natural resource management, and modernization. Through a historical and ethnographic investigation based on two coastal fishing towns in Japan, the dissertation demonstrates that the ways in which people interact with common natural resources are dynamically constructed within a complex web of shifting political, cultural, and ecological conditions. With growing concerns, largely since the 1970s, regarding the environment, few argue that managing natural resources is unnecessary, but there is a heated debate regarding the proper methods. In order to improve the poor outcomes of “command-and-control” natural resource management schemes and planned development, policy makers and scholars have worked to promote “community-based natural resource management” and “co-management” as new conservation strategies accentuating the role of community. Japanese coastal resource management has often been celebrated as a success story that shows the relevance of traditional communities, and even used as a model for promoting conservation strategies in other countries. Other scholars have pointed to the problems that these strategies, particularly when based on romantic images of traditional communities, can create. This dissertation argues that even in these two Japanese fishing towns, the actual practices of resource management are also much more complex than simplified or romantic discourses of communities would suggest. And this should prompt us to reconsider “traditional” and “modern” methods for achieving collective action for the management of common natural resources. The “traditional,” like other closely related social categories such as “modern” and “backward,” is temporally constructed and malleable, and has been produced in part through state modernizing projects. These too have varied over time and are hardly linear, and they often masquerade the complexities and ambiguities of the contemporary culture of the commons. In Surviving Modernization, I wish to highlight two major findings. Contemporary Japan’s coastal resource management is part of the state’s modernization project, which has survived as a grand theme for the last sixty years. At the community level, however, the ways in which people respond to the state’s modernization project are deeply associated with their survival as fishing families.
Advisors/Committee Members: Takahashi, Satsuki, 1978- (author), McCay, Bonnie J. (chair), Hodgson, Dorothy (internal member), Ahearn, Laura (internal member), Hughes, David (internal member), St. Martin, Kevin (outside member).
Subjects/Keywords: Fishing – Anthropological aspects – Japan – Case studies; Natural resources – Co-management – Japan – Case studies
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MLA ·
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Export
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APA (6th Edition):
Takahashi, Satsuki, 1. (2010). Surviving modernization: State, community, and the environment in two Japanese fishing towns. (Doctoral Dissertation). Rutgers University. Retrieved from http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.1/rucore10001600001.ETD.000056783
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Takahashi, Satsuki, 1978-. “Surviving modernization: State, community, and the environment in two Japanese fishing towns.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, Rutgers University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.1/rucore10001600001.ETD.000056783.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Takahashi, Satsuki, 1978-. “Surviving modernization: State, community, and the environment in two Japanese fishing towns.” 2010. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Takahashi, Satsuki 1. Surviving modernization: State, community, and the environment in two Japanese fishing towns. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2010. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.1/rucore10001600001.ETD.000056783.
Council of Science Editors:
Takahashi, Satsuki 1. Surviving modernization: State, community, and the environment in two Japanese fishing towns. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.1/rucore10001600001.ETD.000056783
Rutgers University
16.
Andrews, Marguerite L., 1976-.
Contested conservation of the snowmobile commons: private land, public rights, and rural livelihoods in Maine’s social wilderness.
Degree: Geography, 2014, Rutgers University
URL: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/42358/
Subjects/Keywords: Land use – Maine; Political ecology – Maine; Snowmobiling – Maine; Snowmobile industry – Maine
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Andrews, Marguerite L., 1. (2014). Contested conservation of the snowmobile commons: private land, public rights, and rural livelihoods in Maine’s social wilderness. (Thesis). Rutgers University. Retrieved from https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/42358/
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Andrews, Marguerite L., 1976-. “Contested conservation of the snowmobile commons: private land, public rights, and rural livelihoods in Maine’s social wilderness.” 2014. Thesis, Rutgers University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/42358/.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Andrews, Marguerite L., 1976-. “Contested conservation of the snowmobile commons: private land, public rights, and rural livelihoods in Maine’s social wilderness.” 2014. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Andrews, Marguerite L. 1. Contested conservation of the snowmobile commons: private land, public rights, and rural livelihoods in Maine’s social wilderness. [Internet] [Thesis]. Rutgers University; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/42358/.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Andrews, Marguerite L. 1. Contested conservation of the snowmobile commons: private land, public rights, and rural livelihoods in Maine’s social wilderness. [Thesis]. Rutgers University; 2014. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/42358/
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Rutgers University
17.
Hanes, Samuel Paris.
The high modernist moment: oysters, knowledge production, and conservation in the Progressive Era, 1878-1917.
Degree: PhD, Geography, 2008, Rutgers University
URL: http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.17485
► Oysters had a long history on the U.S. east coast of local-level management and this dissertation explores the transition to from local to state oysters…
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▼ Oysters had a long history on the U.S. east coast of local-level management and this dissertation explores the transition to from local to state oysters management between 1880 and 1920. To do so, it uses James C. Scott's description of "high modernism." Scott defines high modernism as visionary state planning with sweeping restructuring that simplify natural and social systems in an effort to make them more legible for greater control. According to Scott, simplification leads to unintended consequences and failure because it undermines social and environmental complexity. In marine fisheries, high modernism takes the form of privatization and aquaculture. Oysters were the largest U.S. fishery in the late 1800s and they were the first case where U.S. government officials and scientists tried to privatize a marine fishery. Government aquaculture experiments were meant to aid the privatization effort. This study explores what led to this form of high modernism in marine fisheries management. In addition, the dissertation examines how these radical reform efforts failed due to resistance from oystermen and environmental difficulties with aquaculture. The dissertation argue that instead of high modernist reform, the new state agencies rationalized older management practices, which formed the basis for state-level management. The older oyster management system grew out of conflicts over oysters and contained a complex mix of practices and property rights, many of which were poorly or ambivalently upheld. The new state management agencies rationalized these older practices, and this required making them more bureaucratic. Much of the early efforts of the state agencies were directed toward producing knowledge for this end.
Advisors/Committee Members: Hanes, Samuel Paris (author), McCay, Bonnie J. (chair), Rudel, Thomas K. (internal member), Hughes, David M. (internal member), St. Martin, Kevin (internal member), Daipha, Phaedra (outside member).
Subjects/Keywords: Oyster fisheries; Oyster industry; Fishery management
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APA (6th Edition):
Hanes, S. P. (2008). The high modernist moment: oysters, knowledge production, and conservation in the Progressive Era, 1878-1917. (Doctoral Dissertation). Rutgers University. Retrieved from http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.17485
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hanes, Samuel Paris. “The high modernist moment: oysters, knowledge production, and conservation in the Progressive Era, 1878-1917.” 2008. Doctoral Dissertation, Rutgers University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.17485.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hanes, Samuel Paris. “The high modernist moment: oysters, knowledge production, and conservation in the Progressive Era, 1878-1917.” 2008. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Hanes SP. The high modernist moment: oysters, knowledge production, and conservation in the Progressive Era, 1878-1917. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2008. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.17485.
Council of Science Editors:
Hanes SP. The high modernist moment: oysters, knowledge production, and conservation in the Progressive Era, 1878-1917. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.17485
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