+publisher:"Penn State University" +contributor:("Stephen Jacob Piazza, Committee Member")

Penn State University

1. Porter, Heather. EFFECT OF GRADE, RUNNING SURFACE, AND RUNNING SHOE CUSHIONING PROPERTIES ON GROUND REACTION FORCES IN RECREATIONAL RUNNERS.

Degree: 2019, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16856hjp9

► Running is a popular physical activity with approximately 40 million Americans participating annually. Unfortunately, there is a high overuse risk with as many as 79%… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Running; Running Injury; Ground Reaction Force; GRF; Running GRF; Running Ground Reaction Force; Shoe cushioning; surface; Surface GRF; Running shoes; running surface; running biomechanics; running; running kinetics; running grade; hill running

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Porter, H. (2019). EFFECT OF GRADE, RUNNING SURFACE, AND RUNNING SHOE CUSHIONING PROPERTIES ON GROUND REACTION FORCES IN RECREATIONAL RUNNERS. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16856hjp9

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Porter, Heather. “EFFECT OF GRADE, RUNNING SURFACE, AND RUNNING SHOE CUSHIONING PROPERTIES ON GROUND REACTION FORCES IN RECREATIONAL RUNNERS.” 2019. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 16, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16856hjp9.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Porter, Heather. “EFFECT OF GRADE, RUNNING SURFACE, AND RUNNING SHOE CUSHIONING PROPERTIES ON GROUND REACTION FORCES IN RECREATIONAL RUNNERS.” 2019. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Porter H. EFFECT OF GRADE, RUNNING SURFACE, AND RUNNING SHOE CUSHIONING PROPERTIES ON GROUND REACTION FORCES IN RECREATIONAL RUNNERS. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16856hjp9.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Porter H. EFFECT OF GRADE, RUNNING SURFACE, AND RUNNING SHOE CUSHIONING PROPERTIES ON GROUND REACTION FORCES IN RECREATIONAL RUNNERS. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2019. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16856hjp9

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

2. Dunn, Alexandra Marie. Non-dominant arm training improves functional performance and modifies spontaneous arm selection.

Degree: 2017, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13597amd460

► The goal of this study is to investigate whether dexterity training of healthy subjects’ non-dominant arm will lead to functional improvements in unilateral performance, and… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: handedness; handedness training; hand function; arm selection

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Dunn, A. M. (2017). Non-dominant arm training improves functional performance and modifies spontaneous arm selection. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13597amd460

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dunn, Alexandra Marie. “Non-dominant arm training improves functional performance and modifies spontaneous arm selection.” 2017. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 16, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13597amd460.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dunn, Alexandra Marie. “Non-dominant arm training improves functional performance and modifies spontaneous arm selection.” 2017. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Dunn AM. Non-dominant arm training improves functional performance and modifies spontaneous arm selection. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13597amd460.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Dunn AM. Non-dominant arm training improves functional performance and modifies spontaneous arm selection. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2017. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13597amd460

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

3. Tomlinson, Tucker. the dynamic dominance hypothesis as a general theory of human motor control.

Degree: 2012, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13979

► The role of lateralization in the control of human motion is difficult to assess. Lateralization of skilled control, or handedness is a readily observable yet… (more)

▼ The role of lateralization in the control of human motion is difficult to assess. Lateralization of skilled control, or handedness is a readily observable yet incompletely understood facet of human control of the upper extremity. Despite the ease with which hand preference is identified, the specific mechanisms producing these differences in control are difficult to integrate into existing models of control. The Dynamic Dominance hypothesis of human motor control, builds a general theory of human motor control from descriptions of the lateralization of hand and arm control. The Dynamic Dominance hypothesis stipulates that the advantage displayed by the dominant limb is in the anticipation and utilization of the dynamics of movement across multiple segments. Additionally the Dynamic Dominance hypothesis proposes that the non-dominant arm has an advantage for specifying limb postures, which often results in advantages in final position accuracy. Further these advantages are due to the lateralization of neural circuits specialized to regulate different aspects of movement. Importantly, the Dynamic Dominance hypothesis proposes that movement of each arm relies on both contralateral and ipsilateral cortex to supply different aspects of control. The studies presented in this dissertation explore the generalizability of Dynamic Dominance as a model of control. These studies address three specific limitations of past work. First, since Dynamic Dominance was developed based upon data collected from constrained, planar reaches, we wished to test how well the hypothesis generalized to conditions in which gravity must be accounted for. Second, we tested the feasibility of a simple control model that simulated the discrete contribution of the two proposed hemisphere mechanisms to control to of a single movement. We were particularly interested in the ability of such a model to describe the differences in control observed in dominant and non-dominant arm movements. Finally, we examined predictions of how each hemisphere is activated during unilateral reaching. Based upon the control requirements of the task, we predicted the activity over specific areas of cortex, based upon dynamic Dominance. These studies extend our understanding of lateralization of the human motor control system. Advisors/Committee Members: Robert L Sainburg, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Stephen Jacob Piazza, Committee Member, Vladimir M Zatsiorsky, Committee Member, Henry Joseph Sommer Iii, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: motor control; lateralization; handedness

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Tomlinson, T. (2012). the dynamic dominance hypothesis as a general theory of human motor control. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13979

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tomlinson, Tucker. “the dynamic dominance hypothesis as a general theory of human motor control.” 2012. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 16, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13979.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tomlinson, Tucker. “the dynamic dominance hypothesis as a general theory of human motor control.” 2012. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Tomlinson T. the dynamic dominance hypothesis as a general theory of human motor control. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13979.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Tomlinson T. the dynamic dominance hypothesis as a general theory of human motor control. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2012. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13979

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

4. Devries, Charlotte De. Quantifying the variability of glenoid geometry in intact and osteoarthritic shoulders.

Degree: 2014, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/22785

► The purpose of this project is to identify sources of variability within the glenoid of the scapula to assist in implant placement and design for… (more)

▼ The purpose of this project is to identify sources of variability within the glenoid of the scapula to assist in implant placement and design for Total Shoulder Arthroplasty (TSA). The glenoid is the socket component of the ball and socket connection of the shoulder joint. When a person has osteoarthritis, the glenoid can wear down, resulting in a loss of mobility, pain, or even causing the shoulder to dislocate. To restore range of motion, and reduce or eliminate pain, surgeons perform TSA. This surgery involves inserting a metal implant in the humerus, and a plastic implant in the glenoid. If the glenoid implant is improperly placed, it can wear out or potentially become dislocated within a ten year period. In some cases, the full range of motion is not returned to the patient. Due to the limited visual input during surgery, it can be difficult to obtain the correct angle of implantation. By studying the variability of healthy glenoids, it may be possible to estimate the original healthy geometry of osteoarthritic shoulders. The objective of this research was to model intact and osteoarthritic glenoids. The model needed to be robust to the observed variability, and of sufficient resolution, such that it informed operative and design decisions. Achieving this required the quantification of variability in landmark locations and relevant bone geometry in both intact shoulders and those exhibiting osteoarthritis. Additionally, the surface geometry of the glenoid vault was modeled. This required the application of existing mathematical and statistical modeling approaches, including geometric fitting, radial basis functions, and principal component analysis. The landmark identification process represented the glenoid in new manner. The work was validated against existing approaches and CT scans from 42 patients. For this research, x-ray computed tomography (CT) scans of healthy scapulae were provided. The scapulae were isolated in Osirix, and exported as meshes. The meshes were cleaned using Netfabb and Meshlab. The code created to process and analyze these meshes was written in Matlab. Each scapula was oriented based on landmarks found on the bone; the center of the glenoid, the inferior-most part, and the connection of the medial border and the spine of the scapula. The concave face of the glenoid was isolated, and a sphere was fit to each glenoid. The sphere fitting provides the inclination and version angles of the glenoid with respect to the landmarks. Additionally, the optimal angle for maximum implant peg room was identified. A range of information on shoulder geometries can assist with preoperative planning, as well as implant design. As there is a limited supply of CT scans, potential shoulder geometries were synthesized. This was done by placing landmarks on the existing glenoid meshes, such that they provided enough information to represent the geometry, while being consistent across each glenoid. Principal component analysis was used to quantify the variability of shape across the glenoid landmarks.… Advisors/Committee Members: Matthew B Parkinson, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Matthew B Parkinson, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Mary I Frecker, Committee Member, Stephen Jacob Piazza, Committee Member, April D Armstrong, Special Member.

Subjects/Keywords: Glenoid; Total Shoulder Arthroplasty; Implant Design; Principal Component Analysis; Design for Human Variability

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Devries, C. D. (2014). Quantifying the variability of glenoid geometry in intact and osteoarthritic shoulders. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/22785

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Devries, Charlotte De. “Quantifying the variability of glenoid geometry in intact and osteoarthritic shoulders.” 2014. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 16, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/22785.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Devries, Charlotte De. “Quantifying the variability of glenoid geometry in intact and osteoarthritic shoulders.” 2014. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Devries CD. Quantifying the variability of glenoid geometry in intact and osteoarthritic shoulders. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/22785.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Devries CD. Quantifying the variability of glenoid geometry in intact and osteoarthritic shoulders. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2014. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/22785

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

5. Xu, Yang. Forces And Moments Generated By The Human Arm: Variability And Control.

Degree: 2014, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/23550

► To move and manipulate objects people exert forces and moments of force (further addressed as simply “moments”) on the environment. The five studies in this… (more)

▼ To move and manipulate objects people exert forces and moments of force (further addressed as simply “moments”) on the environment. The five studies in this dissertation explored the accurate endpoint force vector production by the human arm in isometric conditions. In the first study, three common-sense hypotheses were proposed and falsified. The subjects exerted static forces on the handle in eight directions. The forces were of different magnitude levels. The torsion moment on the handle (grasp moment) was not specified in the instruction. The two force components and the grasp moment were recorded, and the shoulder, elbow, and wrist joint torques were computed. The following main facts were observed: (a) While the grasp moment was not prescribed by the instruction, it was always produced. The moment magnitude increased with force magnitude and moment direction changed with the instructed force direction. (b) The within-trial angular variability of the exerted force vector (angular precision) did not depend on the target force magnitude. (c) The time profiles of joint torques in the trials were always positively correlated, even for the force directions where flexion torque was produced at one joint and extension torque was produced at the other joint. (d) In contrast to the previously studied tasks, the analytical inverse optimization (ANIO) method failed to determine the optimization cost function. A hypothesis was formulated that this is a general property of the static tasks performed by the serial kinematic chains. In the second study, the preceding findings in the first study were confirmed in tasks where arm postures were systematically varied. Further, it was observed that the distribution pattern of endpoint force variability is dependent on the arm posture instead of the orientation of trunk. A following-up simulation was conducted to examine why the pattern of the joint torques distribution could not be explained by an optimization cost function additive with respect to the torques. The results suggested that the grasp capability might serve as the limit to a more optimal pattern of the joint torques distribution. In the third study, handle size was varied to test its effect on performance. Major results indicated: (a) There existed effects of handle size on the magnitude, but not on the distribution pattern of MVC end-point force. (b) Changing the handle diameters in the range between 4.5 and 9.0 cm does not affect the maximal torque production. (c) Although systematic change in the coefficients of ANIO was observed, the method still failed to reconstruct an optimal cost function additive with respect to joint torques with large handle size. In the fourth study, two handles with different surface friction were used to characterize its effects on grasp moment and further on the endpoint force. It was found that: (a) No significant differences in the MVC forces existed between the low- and high- surface friction handles; (b) A higher surface friction led to a higher grasp moment magnitudes; (c)… Advisors/Committee Members: Vladimir M Zatsiorsky, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Vladimir M Zatsiorsky, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Mark Latash, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Mark Latash, Committee Member, Stephen Jacob Piazza, Committee Member, Andris Freivalds, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: Biomechanics; Motor Control; Ergonomics; Force Production; Arm Control; Force Variability

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Xu, Y. (2014). Forces And Moments Generated By The Human Arm: Variability And Control. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/23550

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Xu, Yang. “Forces And Moments Generated By The Human Arm: Variability And Control.” 2014. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 16, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/23550.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Xu, Yang. “Forces And Moments Generated By The Human Arm: Variability And Control.” 2014. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Xu Y. Forces And Moments Generated By The Human Arm: Variability And Control. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/23550.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Xu Y. Forces And Moments Generated By The Human Arm: Variability And Control. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2014. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/23550

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

6. Okita, Noriaki. Development of a novel foot slip sensor algorithm.

Degree: 2015, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/23832

► A novel gait and slip detection algorithm for walking robots and humans using an inertial measurement unit (IMU) was developed. An unscented Kalman filter was… (more)

▼ A novel gait and slip detection algorithm for walking robots and humans using an inertial measurement unit (IMU) was developed. An unscented Kalman filter was formulated with a simple dynamic model of a foot as a block on a slope without translations. Considerable prediction errors resulted when unmodeled dynamics (i.e., translation) occurred. These prediction errors were systematically incorporated in a binary Bayes filter to estimate the probability of gait and slip states. Three stages of experiments with increasing complexities served dual purposes to develop and validate unified gait and slip detection algorithms. Multiple floor conditions and slopes were used in these experiments. Stick-slip experiments served as fundamental slip detection test cases without involving gait states. Monopedal walker experiments were used to develop the gait and slip detection algorithms for robots walking in “robot-style” static gait. Human subject experiments served as gait and slip detection test cases with typical “human-like” dynamic gait. Successful detection of gait and slip in all validation experiments was achieved using the same algorithms with commercial-grade IMU sensors. Continuous gait cycles were detected in proper order. Stance phase was successfully detected regardless of foot slip. Slip detection was successful except for very mild slips involving small jerk. One set of thresholds was used for detection under all floor conditions in a given series of validation experiments. It was not necessary to provide explicit knowledge of the inertial and control parameters, walking surface (orientation, contamination, and friction mode), or sensor error models. Consequently, a universal, simple-to-use, and robust realtime sensor algorithm was developed to detect gait and slip of robots walking on floors with various contaminations and slope. Advisors/Committee Members: Henry Joseph Sommer Iii, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Henry Joseph Sommer Iii, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Christopher Rahn, Committee Member, Stephen Jacob Piazza, Committee Member, Jacob Willem Langelaan, Committee Member, Jason Zachary Moore, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: slip sensor; gait cycle detection; walking robot; stick-slip; stochastic state estimation; anomaly detection

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Okita, N. (2015). Development of a novel foot slip sensor algorithm. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/23832

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Okita, Noriaki. “Development of a novel foot slip sensor algorithm.” 2015. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 16, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/23832.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Okita, Noriaki. “Development of a novel foot slip sensor algorithm.” 2015. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Okita N. Development of a novel foot slip sensor algorithm. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/23832.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Okita N. Development of a novel foot slip sensor algorithm. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2015. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/23832

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

7. Sadeghi, Seyedali. EVALUATION OF MUSCLE FUNCTION AND PATHOLOGIES USING ULTRASOUND SHEAR WAVE ELASTOGRAPHY.

Degree: 2019, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16913sus653

► Several pathologies of the musculoskeletal system affect muscle force production. Current techniques for measuring muscle function such as surface electromyography and dynamometry may offer information… (more)

▼ Several pathologies of the musculoskeletal system affect muscle force production. Current techniques for measuring muscle function such as surface electromyography and dynamometry may offer information about global muscle function, but have limitations quantifying localized muscle force from individual muscles. Ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) is a promising technique for measurement of shear modulus in soft tissues. Changes in shear modulus are linearly proportional to the force produced by muscles, which allows evaluation of function from individual muscles. Therefore, accurate assessment of muscle shear modulus can enable looking at several musculoskeletal pathologies from an entirely new perspective. The overall goal of this thesis is to develop the ultrasound SWE-based protocol for evaluation of muscle function (force production) for two important diseases: low-back pain and compartment syndrome (CS). Specifically, the multifidus muscle is severely affected in patients with low-back pain, and it is injured in common surgical procedures like posterior lumbar fusion (PLF) and radiofrequency neurotomy (RFN). Compartment syndrome is a pathology caused by stiff muscle fascia where intramuscular pressure abnormally elevates causing pain and in some cases permanent damage to the nerves or muscle necrosis. We developed and evaluated a protocol to quantify muscle force production of the multifidus muscle using ultrasound SWE. Reliability was evaluated in healthy individuals, and preliminary evaluation of multifidus dysfunction was performed patients with a history of PLF and RFN. Second, a new SWE-based protocol is introduced to quantify changes in lower-leg compartment shear modulus after running and muscle fascia for diagnosis of CS. The results of this study suggest that PLF and RFN cause reductions in the force production of multifidus muscles as expected. However, the patterns of multifidus dysfunction were different between PLF and RFN patients. A moderate increase in multifidus shear modulus from lying prone to sitting up and from sitting up to sitting up with lifted arms posture was observed in PLF patients, while the shear modulus remained relatively constant in RFN patients. These findings indicate that our proposed protocol provides detailed information about the severity and contraction patterns of this muscle. On the other hand, our work on CS showed initial evidence of the temporal changes in shear modulus of lower-leg muscles after a running exercise using SWE, a dependency of shear modulus and intramuscular pressure, and a way to accurately calculate the stiffness of muscle fascia. Overall, these protocols can potentially be used for the diagnosis of CS and assessing individual spine muscles in response to post-surgical rehabilitation protocols. Advisors/Committee Members: Daniel Humberto Cortes Correales, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Daniel Humberto Cortes Correales, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Jason Zachary Moore, Committee Member, Stephen Jacob Piazza, Committee Member, Meghan Elise Vidt, Outside Member.

Subjects/Keywords: Ultrasound shear wave elastography; muscle force production; posterior lumbar fusion; radiofrequency neurotomy; compartment syndrome; shear modulus

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Sadeghi, S. (2019). EVALUATION OF MUSCLE FUNCTION AND PATHOLOGIES USING ULTRASOUND SHEAR WAVE ELASTOGRAPHY. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16913sus653

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sadeghi, Seyedali. “EVALUATION OF MUSCLE FUNCTION AND PATHOLOGIES USING ULTRASOUND SHEAR WAVE ELASTOGRAPHY.” 2019. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 16, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16913sus653.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sadeghi, Seyedali. “EVALUATION OF MUSCLE FUNCTION AND PATHOLOGIES USING ULTRASOUND SHEAR WAVE ELASTOGRAPHY.” 2019. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Sadeghi S. EVALUATION OF MUSCLE FUNCTION AND PATHOLOGIES USING ULTRASOUND SHEAR WAVE ELASTOGRAPHY. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16913sus653.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Sadeghi S. EVALUATION OF MUSCLE FUNCTION AND PATHOLOGIES USING ULTRASOUND SHEAR WAVE ELASTOGRAPHY. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2019. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16913sus653

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

8. Mahoney, Joseph Michael. Inter-trial Dynamics in Goal-oriented Tasks with Asymmetric Error and Reduced Precision.

Degree: 2013, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/19584

► Humans completing successive trials of a skilled task vary their body states (e.g. joint angles and velocities) from one trial to the next. These fluctuations… (more)

▼ Humans completing successive trials of a skilled task vary their body states (e.g. joint angles and velocities) from one trial to the next. These fluctuations in repeated performance contain information about the underlying control system. The reduction of goal-level error has been hypothesized as the driver of this control system. However, previous studies have shown that the empirical trial-to-trial behavior cannot be explained by error-correction alone. In this dissertation, we create a model for updating body states from trial to trial. A stochastic optimal controller determines the input for the next trial. On every step, the controller minimizes the expected value of a cost function. This control model is applied to a simple shuffleboard task. We implement a cost function that includes costs for the goal-level error, balancing overshooting and undershooting, and the range of motion. The selection of weights for each cost term determines the mean operating point and the dynamic stability. We construct a virtual shuffleboard game to collect data for two experiments. In the first experiment, we introduce a penalty for overshooting the target. We observe identical stability properties both when the overshooting penalty is present and when absent. However, the mean operating point is set back from the target when the penalty is applied. We estimate the weights in cost function that subjects apply in both conditions and see more emphasis on balancing overshooting and undershooting with the penalty present. We are able to recreate the empirically observed behaviors in simulation using the estimated weights in the model. In the second experiment, we reduce the required precision in the shuffleboard task by making the target area larger. We expect that control effort will be reduced since small body-level fluctuations from the mean remain within the target area. A slight reduction in control is observed, but we do not see a random walk around the target, which we would expect if error-correction were the only cost. Slight differences in the weights of the cost emerge as the target thickness changes. This new control model demonstrates the importance of competing costs in explaining the behavior of human subjects. The model can be adapted for other non-shuffleboard tasks to include task-specific terms. Additionally, comparing the weights between subjects may be useful in differentiating or diagnosing pathological patients. Advisors/Committee Members: Joseph Paul Cusumano, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Joseph Paul Cusumano, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Gary L Gray, Committee Member, Corina Stefania Drapaca, Committee Member, Stephen Jacob Piazza, Committee Member, Xuemei Huang, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: human movement; goal equivalent manifold; virtual reality; shuffleboard; skilled tasks; task manifold; GEM; UCM; dynamics

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Mahoney, J. M. (2013). Inter-trial Dynamics in Goal-oriented Tasks with Asymmetric Error and Reduced Precision. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/19584

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mahoney, Joseph Michael. “Inter-trial Dynamics in Goal-oriented Tasks with Asymmetric Error and Reduced Precision.” 2013. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 16, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/19584.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mahoney, Joseph Michael. “Inter-trial Dynamics in Goal-oriented Tasks with Asymmetric Error and Reduced Precision.” 2013. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Mahoney JM. Inter-trial Dynamics in Goal-oriented Tasks with Asymmetric Error and Reduced Precision. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/19584.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Mahoney JM. Inter-trial Dynamics in Goal-oriented Tasks with Asymmetric Error and Reduced Precision. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2013. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/19584

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

9. Sheehan, Riley Clifford. physiological and environmental influences on hill locomotor strategies.

Degree: 2013, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/19280

► While the majority of gait research is focused on flat, level surfaces, in everyday life individuals must navigate diverse and changing terrain. Thus it is… (more)

▼ While the majority of gait research is focused on flat, level surfaces, in everyday life individuals must navigate diverse and changing terrain. Thus it is important to investigate gait patterns on multiple surfaces, which is why this dissertation concentrates on hill walking and running as well as the transitions between level and hills. To this end, it was necessary to create a versatile, kinematic-based event detection algorithm that was capable of detecting foot strike and toe off times for multiple gaits at various surface angles. Besides detailing the specific strategies used, we sought to understand how physiological and environmental factors influence the strategies that individuals choose. Many researchers have suggested that the preferred stride frequency (PSF) is determined by mechanical factors. However, this view ignores muscles which are the primary consumers of metabolic energy during running. Thus, we investigated the role of muscle activity in influencing the PSF during downhill running. We found that the PSF may be determined by a tradeoff between the cost of muscle activity in the stance phase, which is greater at slower frequencies, and muscle activity in the swing phase, which is greater at faster frequencies. This balance would also explain why the PSF minimizes metabolic cost. It has also been shown that segment lengths affect level walking. Specifically, at the same speed, taller individuals take longer, slower steps. However, there have been no studies that investigate the influence of segment lengths on meeting the differing demands of hill walking. We found that during hill walking, muscle activity increases with decreasing shank length. This is likely due to either a smaller muscle compartment containing a smaller muscle which requires greater activation to produce the required force, or is related to shorter individuals walking at a relatively faster speed compared to their preferred speed. Older adults typically walk with a cautious gait pattern characterized by shorter steps, slower speeds, and wider base of support. In addition, age related loss of muscle mass and control result in weakness, especially in the ankle extensors which leads to additional gait modifications and compensations. Transitioning onto ramps has been shown to increase the risk of falling, and, in response, young adults employ similar cautious gait patterns. Thus, we wanted to determine how older adults, who are weaker and already cautious, handle the task of transitioning onto and off of ramps. We found that older adults exaggerate the transitions maintaining a cautious pattern, but modifying it in order to meet the demands of the transition. Besides greater fall risk, we found that during transition steps, individuals anticipate the demands of the future surface. However, we do not know what features of the ramp—the angle, length, or plateau height—influence our perception of the demands and ultimately what transition strategy we choose. We found that, though there are some modifications related to the total… Advisors/Committee Members: Jinger Gottschall, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Jinger Gottschall, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Robert L Sainburg, Committee Member, Stephen Jacob Piazza, Committee Member, Matthew B Parkinson, Special Member.

Subjects/Keywords: walk; run; treadmill; kinematics; kinetics; EMG

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Sheehan, R. C. (2013). physiological and environmental influences on hill locomotor strategies. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/19280

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sheehan, Riley Clifford. “physiological and environmental influences on hill locomotor strategies.” 2013. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 16, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/19280.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sheehan, Riley Clifford. “physiological and environmental influences on hill locomotor strategies.” 2013. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Sheehan RC. physiological and environmental influences on hill locomotor strategies. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/19280.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Sheehan RC. physiological and environmental influences on hill locomotor strategies. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2013. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/19280

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

10. Garimella, Venkata Ravi. An embedded element based human head model to investigate axonal injury.

Degree: 2017, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/14380vsg111

► Traumatic brain injury is a significant public health problem in the world. Axonal injury is a type of mechanism of traumatic brain injury primarily characterized… (more)

▼ Traumatic brain injury is a significant public health problem in the world. Axonal injury is a type of mechanism of traumatic brain injury primarily characterized by damage to the axons. Enhanced understanding of the axonal deformation during a mechanical impact may facilitate a better understanding of the short and long-term sequela. The objective of this dissertation is to develop, validate and employ a multiscale model of the axonal fiber tracts that simulates the white matter of the brain and can be used to investigate the evolution of axonal damage under injurious loading conditions. An axonal fiber tract consists of hundreds or thousands of axons aligned together, which can experience mechanical deformation under a non-physiological loading such as impact and blast loading. To model axonal injury, we developed a new embedded element based head model using an explicit description of the diffusion tensor magnetic resonance tractography. This approach enables us to resolve the complex mechanical response of the axonal fibers during injurious loading conditions. The most promising aspect of this modeling approach is the capability of modeling the fiber tracts explicitly in a traditional finite element head model. This model was validated against experimental results followed by an in-depth finite element analysis. Upon subjecting to impact and blast loading conditions, the model revealed some new insights into the evolution of the axonal injury. The model was subsequently improved in terms of anatomical resolution and material complexity. We have also made theoretical improvements to the embedded element technique and developed an open source finite element library in this direction. Finally, we examined the potential extension of this embedded element technique into a multiphysics domain such as electro-physics. Advisors/Committee Members: Reuben H Kraft, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Reuben H Kraft, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Stephen Jacob Piazza, Committee Member, Daniel Humberto Cortes Correales, Committee Member, Nanyin Zhang, Outside Member.

Subjects/Keywords: embedded element technique; finite element method; diffusion tractography; axonal strain; blast loading; volume redundancy; brain electrophysics; mass redundancy; stiffness redundancy; force redundancy; high quality hexahedral mesh; mesh superposition; traumatic brain injury; diffuse axonal injury

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Garimella, V. R. (2017). An embedded element based human head model to investigate axonal injury. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/14380vsg111

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Garimella, Venkata Ravi. “An embedded element based human head model to investigate axonal injury.” 2017. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 16, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/14380vsg111.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Garimella, Venkata Ravi. “An embedded element based human head model to investigate axonal injury.” 2017. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Garimella VR. An embedded element based human head model to investigate axonal injury. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/14380vsg111.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Garimella VR. An embedded element based human head model to investigate axonal injury. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2017. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/14380vsg111

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

11. Infantolino, Benjamin William. Investigation of Human Muscle Variability and its Effects on Musculoskeletal Models .

Degree: 2011, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10940

► Variability in the musculoskeletal system is apparent at the human body level in terms of body height and shape. However, daily activities such as walking… (more)

▼ Variability in the musculoskeletal system is apparent at the human body level in terms of body height and shape. However, daily activities such as walking demonstrate stereotypical movement patterns across individuals. The literature suggests that although muscles produce stereotypical movements, at various levels of muscle variability exists. For example, whole muscles demonstrate differences in the portion of the force-length curve on which they act on. This has been demonstrated between different muscles as well as between the same muscles in different individuals. Evidence has also shown that sarcomere lengths differ along the length of muscle fibers. The First Dorsal Interosseous (FDI) muscle is the only muscle to abduct the second metacarpophalangeal joint and is therefore of interest to study its variability in light of its singular action. The purpose of the four studies in this dissertation was to investigate variability in the musculoskeletal system at various levels for the FDI muscle. Specifically, the purpose of the first study was to investigate how the output of a FDI musculoskeletal model changes with changes in model parameters. The purpose of the second study was to investigate how individual sarcomere lengths varied along single FDI muscle fibers. The purpose of the third study was to measure subject-specific FDI muscle model parameters in vivo. The purpose of the final study was to investigate, using magnetic resonance imaging, the arrangement of muscle fascicles within the FDI muscle. The studies showed that: 1. that accurate model output requires specimen-specific model parameters; 2. individual sarcomere lengths along muscle fibers exhibit long-range correlations, which has implications for determining the properties of the whole muscle from a sample of its fibers; 3. full characterization of a model of the FDI in vivo is feasible, using ultrasound imaging and a custom-made dynamometer; and 4. muscle fascicles demonstrate a complex architecture with some fascicles arranged in series. In study 1 model predicted joint moments were sensitive to the FDI model parameter set used; joint moments differed between parameter sets by up to 884.3%. In study 3 muscle model parameters were determined for three subjects, these parameters showed variability between the subjects for example the maximum velocity of fiber shortening ranged from 4.7 to 9.7 optimum fiber lengths per second. These findings demonstrate variability at multiple levels of muscle in the FDI muscle, which suggests that other muscles may also exhibit this variability which could be investigated using the methods presented in this dissertation. Advisors/Committee Members: John Henry Challis, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, John Henry Challis, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Stephen Jacob Piazza, Committee Member, Robert Barry Eckhardt, Committee Member, Andris Freivalds, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: First Dorsal Interosseous; muscle; sarcomere length; subject-specific model parameters; muscle variability; musculoskeletal model

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Infantolino, B. W. (2011). Investigation of Human Muscle Variability and its Effects on Musculoskeletal Models . (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10940

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Infantolino, Benjamin William. “Investigation of Human Muscle Variability and its Effects on Musculoskeletal Models .” 2011. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 16, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10940.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Infantolino, Benjamin William. “Investigation of Human Muscle Variability and its Effects on Musculoskeletal Models .” 2011. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Infantolino BW. Investigation of Human Muscle Variability and its Effects on Musculoskeletal Models . [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10940.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Infantolino BW. Investigation of Human Muscle Variability and its Effects on Musculoskeletal Models . [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2011. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10940

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

12. Gales, Daniel Joseph. Human Subcalcaneal Fat Pad Mechanical Properties.

Degree: 2014, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/21171

► The human heel pad is located inferior to the calcaneus and functions to decrease local stress on this bone, decrease the impact of heel strike… (more)

▼ The human heel pad is located inferior to the calcaneus and functions to decrease local stress on this bone, decrease the impact of heel strike transients, and act as a shock absorber. It is approximately 15 mm thick and consists of dense fibrous septa which are filled with closely packed adipocytes to perform these functions. The purpose of this dissertation was to examine the mechanical properties of the human heel pad to gain a greater understanding of the functional role of this tissue. Three experiments were completed to address several issues: 1) are the mechanical properties of the human heel different when experiencing physiological rest times compared with non-physiological rest times, 2) are the mechanical properties of the human heel pad different when experiencing physiological forces compared with non-physiological forces, and 3) what effect does heel pad containment and exposure have on the mechanical properties of the human heel pad. Experiment 1 examined the effect of physiological rest times associated with running on the mechanical properties of the human heel pad. Data collected on a group of runners revealed that these rest time intervals, the stride time intervals, demonstrated long-term correlations. When loadings were applied to cadaveric heel pads using a material testing system, these timing fluctuations significantly changed the deformation and stiffness of the heel pad compared with the results from non-physiological loadings. The results indicated some evolutionary adaptation in heel properties to the nature of physiological rest intervals between the loadings they experience. Experiment 2 examined the effect of physiological forces on the mechanical properties of the human heel pad. Data collected on a group of runners revealed that physiological forces during heel impact demonstrated long term correlations. When physiological forces were applied to cadaveric heel pads using a material testing system, the forces did not significantly affect the mechanical properties of the human heel pad. It was hypothesized that the heel pad mechanical properties would exploit the variability found in physiological forces of runners, but this was not the case. Experiment 3 examined the effect of various amounts of heel pad containment and exposure on heel pad mechanical properties, in a similar fashion to different shoe designs. For the purpose of this experiment, containment was defined as the act of heel pad confinement by an external device. Exposure was defined as the amount of heel pad that is not supported by an external device. Using a custom external containment system heel pads were tested in a material testing system by loading with forces approximating those that the heel pad experiences during running, and using rest intervals reflecting those from gait. For ten cadaver heel pad the peak deformation, hysteresis, and stiffness were determined. These results indicate that the behavior of the human heel pad is altered in the presence of external containment. Heel pads… Advisors/Committee Members: John Henry Challis, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, John Henry Challis, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Stephen Jacob Piazza, Committee Member, Neil Sharkey, Committee Member, Andris Freivalds, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: Biomechanics; Mechanical Properties; Heel Pad; Fluctuation Analysis (DFA); Humans; Material Testing System (MTS); Running

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Gales, D. J. (2014). Human Subcalcaneal Fat Pad Mechanical Properties. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/21171

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gales, Daniel Joseph. “Human Subcalcaneal Fat Pad Mechanical Properties.” 2014. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 16, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/21171.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gales, Daniel Joseph. “Human Subcalcaneal Fat Pad Mechanical Properties.” 2014. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Gales DJ. Human Subcalcaneal Fat Pad Mechanical Properties. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/21171.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Gales DJ. Human Subcalcaneal Fat Pad Mechanical Properties. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2014. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/21171

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

13. Zhang, Wei. THE CONTROL OF ROTATIONAL HAND ACTIONS BY MULTI-DIGIT SYNERGIES.

Degree: 2008, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/8799

► The current dissertation is the first to systematically investigate finger coordination during multi-finger tasks that require accurate rotational actions. This series of studies has five… (more)

▼ The current dissertation is the first to systematically investigate finger coordination during multi-finger tasks that require accurate rotational actions. This series of studies has five main objectives: to quantify multi-digit synergies during actions with an explicit rotational component; to test the hypothesis that multi-digit synergies allow the stabilization of both total force (FTOT) and total moment of force (MTOT); to explore the effect of healthy ageing on multi-finger synergies stabilizing FTOT and MTOT; to describe the variance structure of elemental variables (finger modes) with respect to stabilization of FTOT or MTOT; and to examine hierarchies of multi-digit synergies during rotational actions performed with a hand-held object. A series of experiments within a range of tasks including isometric four-finger pressing tasks and free rotation of a hand-held object in 3D space resulted in several main conclusions. First, young subjects showed a strong moment-stabilizing synergy but not a force-stabilizing synergy in both stationary and non-stationary accurate moment-production tasks. The presence of multi-finger synergies stabilizing MTOT could be viewed as a default conditioned by everyday tasks. Second, flexible combinations of commands to fingers were found that satisfied both resultant force and moment of force constraints. Third, adding a secondary moment constraint did not interfere with the force stabilizing synergy. Two co-existing synergies stabilizing two performance variables simultaneously without an interaction confirmed the principle of superposition. These results emphasize a major advantage of using multi-finger synergies as compared to finding unique optimal solutions, namely the possibility to perform secondary tasks without detrimental effects on a primary task. During rotation of the hand-held object, the negative co-variation among elemental variables (forces produced by individual digits) stabilizing their combined output was observed at the hierarchically higher level (virtual finger and thumb level), but not at the lower level (individual finger level). At both levels, elemental moments of force negatively co-varied across trials, only during steady-states and this co-variation disappeared during the object rotation. These findings suggest that synergies at two levels of a control hierarchy can co-exist but that there is also a trade-off between synergies at the two levels. Finally, elderly persons showed significantly lower indices of synergies stabilizing the moment of force as compared to the young persons. These age-related differences might be causally related to the documented impairment of the hand function with age. This research line contributes to the current understanding of the hand control in healthy persons, the impaired hand function in the elderly, and has implications for hand rehabilitation following neurological disorders, trauma, or healthy aging. Advisors/Committee Members: Mark Latash, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Vladimir M Zatsiorsky, Committee Member, Stephen Jacob Piazza, Committee Member, Joseph Paul Cusumano, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: Rotational hand action; multi-digit synergies; finger coordination; uncontrolled manifold hypothesis; force stabilization; moment of force stabilization

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Zhang, W. (2008). THE CONTROL OF ROTATIONAL HAND ACTIONS BY MULTI-DIGIT SYNERGIES. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/8799

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zhang, Wei. “THE CONTROL OF ROTATIONAL HAND ACTIONS BY MULTI-DIGIT SYNERGIES.” 2008. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 16, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/8799.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zhang, Wei. “THE CONTROL OF ROTATIONAL HAND ACTIONS BY MULTI-DIGIT SYNERGIES.” 2008. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Zhang W. THE CONTROL OF ROTATIONAL HAND ACTIONS BY MULTI-DIGIT SYNERGIES. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2008. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/8799.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Zhang W. THE CONTROL OF ROTATIONAL HAND ACTIONS BY MULTI-DIGIT SYNERGIES. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2008. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/8799

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

14. Mutha, Pratik K. Goal-dependent modulation of reflex responses during movement.

Degree: 2009, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/9531

► The role that feedback mechanisms such as reflexes play in the control of movement has been a topic of extensive research for several years. The… (more)

▼ The role that feedback mechanisms such as reflexes play in the control of movement has been a topic of extensive research for several years. The study of reflexes in humans has focused on the idea that these circuits serve as a mechanism for regulating the mechanical properties of the limb while performing tasks in various dynamical environments. Consistent with this idea, task-dependent modulation of reflex responses has been documented over multiple studies. The general interpretation of these findings has been that modulation of reflex responses is one way in which the nervous system alters limb impedance that is presented to various loads that might act on it. However, most of these studies have examined conditions in which the maintenance of a stable posture is emphasized, perturbations used to elicit reflexes are predictable and the goal of the task remains fixed. Such predictability is rarely a feature of everyday movements, and whether and how reflex responses can be modulated during movement under unpredictable task conditions remains poorly understood. Moreover, whether reflex modulation is limited to occur within a limb, or whether reflexes can be flexibly organized across limbs remains an open question. In a series of three experiments, we investigate whether modulation of upper-limb reflex responses can occur during the course of movement. Our results show that reflex responses can be significantly tuned during movement. This modulation occurs in response to changes in task goals and is sensitive to the direction but not the amplitude of the change in goal. Moreover, reflex modulation can occur not just within a limb, but also across limbs when achievement of the task goal requires cooperation between them. Importantly, the modulation is such that reflex responses are enhanced when they assist in achievement of the task goal, but reduced when they resist goal achievement. Thus reflex circuits appear to be tuned in a goal-optimal manner. These results significantly enhance our understanding of the modulation of reflex responses and demonstrate the immense flexibility available within the central nervous system even as a movement is being performed. Advisors/Committee Members: Robert L Sainburg, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Robert L Sainburg, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Stephen Jacob Piazza, Committee Member, Jinger Gottschall, Committee Member, Byron C Jones, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: Movement; Reflex; Modulation; Humans; Sensory information

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Mutha, P. K. (2009). Goal-dependent modulation of reflex responses during movement. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/9531

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mutha, Pratik K. “Goal-dependent modulation of reflex responses during movement.” 2009. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 16, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/9531.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mutha, Pratik K. “Goal-dependent modulation of reflex responses during movement.” 2009. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Mutha PK. Goal-dependent modulation of reflex responses during movement. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2009. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/9531.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Mutha PK. Goal-dependent modulation of reflex responses during movement. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2009. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/9531

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

15. Gorniak, Stacey Lynn. Hierarchical Control of Prehension .

Degree: 2009, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/9771

► The current dissertation addresses strategies used by humans in the control of hand-held objects using one- and two-hand grasps. The following objectives were set in… (more)

▼ The current dissertation addresses strategies used by humans in the control of hand-held objects using one- and two-hand grasps. The following objectives were set in this dissertation: to test the hypothesis on hierarchical organization of bimanual synergies for fragile and non-fragile objects, to investigate the mechanical output of the fingers involved in both bimanual prehension and prehension of fragile and non-fragile objects, and to investigate bimanual prehension in the framework of the referent configuration hypothesis. The series of experiments investigating both kinetic and kinematic synergies resulted in the following conclusions: (1) The CNS can form synergies at both levels of the hierarchy involved in prehensile tasks. In natural tasks, salient performance variables are stabilized at both hierarchical levels, while variables that do not have to obey strict constraints are typically stabilized at the upper level only. (2) In comparison to unimanual prehension, force and moments of force produced by opposing effectors differs quantitatively in bimanual prehension. Specifically, bimanual prehension is marked by lower values of normal forces and safety margin measures as well as a decrease in the synergy index at the higher hierarchical level. (3) Synergies are present at both levels of an assumed control hierarchy in kinematic tasks involving object transport with both hands. In the presence of external perturbations to the upper limbs, tactile information from the hands is used to maintain stable grasp of an object, while the lack of such sensory information leads to loss of stability of the distance between the hands and dissociation between the limb trajectories. (4) The mechanical output and variability of the mechanical output of digits involved in prehension of fragile objects are qualitatively similar to patterns found during prehension of non-fragile objects in both unimanual and bimanual tasks. (5) The application of the reference configuration hypothesis to prehension provides insight into the central nervous system controls movement. Advisors/Committee Members: Mark Latash, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Mark Latash, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Vladimir M Zatsiorsky, Committee Member, Stephen Jacob Piazza, Committee Member, Arkady Tempelman, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: prehension; bimanual; synergies; finger; hand; motor control

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Gorniak, S. L. (2009). Hierarchical Control of Prehension . (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/9771

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gorniak, Stacey Lynn. “Hierarchical Control of Prehension .” 2009. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 16, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/9771.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gorniak, Stacey Lynn. “Hierarchical Control of Prehension .” 2009. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Gorniak SL. Hierarchical Control of Prehension . [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2009. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/9771.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Gorniak SL. Hierarchical Control of Prehension . [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2009. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/9771

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

16. Samuel, Benedict. Mechanical and Electrical Characterization of Glassy Carbon Nanofibers .

Degree: 2009, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10335

► One dimensional solids are systems where two dimensions of the solid (width, breadth) are constrained to the micrometer/nanometer range (in additional they also exhibit aspect… (more)

▼ One dimensional solids are systems where two dimensions of the solid (width, breadth) are constrained to the micrometer/nanometer range (in additional they also exhibit aspect ratios higher than 100). Various forms of one-dimensional solids such as nanowires, nanofibers, nanobelts, nanoribbons and nanotubes have become the focus of extensive research primarily because of their many unique/enhanced physical properties. Commercial application of nanoscale materials is burgeoning not only because of the cost and size benefits associated with miniaturization but also because of the technological advances resulting from novel properties of nanomaterials. In recent years, research in nanoscience has shown that physical properties, such as material strength, Young's modulus, electrical conductivity etc. may not be single-valued material constants but rather scale-dependent parameters, leading to a growth in literature in characterization experiments which contrast the anomalies between nanoscale and bulk material constants of the same material. Every physical phenomenon (mechanical strength, electrical conductance etc.) has a fundamental length-scale from which it originates, and many of these length-scales fall within the micro/nanoscale which makes defining and measuring material constants length scale-dependent. One dimensional solids are prime candidates for material testing at the nanoscale since they quite often form the transition regimes from the continuum "bulk" properties to quantum mechanical "nano" effects. This dissertation limits scientific study to the narrower focus of experimental mechanical and electrical property characterization of one dimensional materials. The absence of standardized testing tools or techniques coupled with the complexities of experimental testing at the nanoscale (especially for mechanical testing), has resulted in a dearth of experimental data within the published literature (especially when compared to the amount of available computational studies at the nanoscale). The main aim of this research is to create (Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS)-based) tools to reliably characterize the mechanical and electrical properties of nanoscale materials. Glassy carbon nanowires are chosen as the test material system because of its widespread use as electrode materials, filtration membranes, and in size-selective catalysis. However, in reality any one dimensional solid (any nanowire, nanofiber) can be experimentally characterized using the tools and techniques presented in this dissertation. Advisors/Committee Members: Md Amanul Haque, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Aman Haque, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Christopher Rahn, Committee Member, Melik C Demirel, Committee Member, Stephen Jacob Piazza, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: glassy carbon; MEMS mechanical testing; carbon nanofiber; carbon nanowire

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APA (6^th Edition):

Samuel, B. (2009). Mechanical and Electrical Characterization of Glassy Carbon Nanofibers . (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10335

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Samuel, Benedict. “Mechanical and Electrical Characterization of Glassy Carbon Nanofibers .” 2009. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 16, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10335.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Samuel, Benedict. “Mechanical and Electrical Characterization of Glassy Carbon Nanofibers .” 2009. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Samuel B. Mechanical and Electrical Characterization of Glassy Carbon Nanofibers . [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2009. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10335.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Samuel B. Mechanical and Electrical Characterization of Glassy Carbon Nanofibers . [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2009. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10335

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

17. Heller, Michelle Frances. Biomechanical Changes in Gait and Posture as a Result of In-Shoe Orthoses and External Load.

Degree: 2008, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/6872

► Stress fractures in the lower limbs affect 5% to 20% of military recruits, which contributes to decreased military readiness and increased medical costs. Lower extremity… (more)

▼ Stress fractures in the lower limbs affect 5% to 20% of military recruits, which contributes to decreased military readiness and increased medical costs. Lower extremity mechanics could play a role in stress fracture development, and in-shoe orthoses may serve as a preventative measure. We hypothesized that wearing in-shoe orthoses would alter jogging kinematics and kinetics and that carrying an external load would alter walking kinematics and kinetics. Fifty-three female subjects with no history of major musculoskeletal injuries participated. Each subject’s foot type was classified as rigid, normal, or flexible by means of a navicular drop test. Reflective marker clusters were attached to each subject’s pelvis, thighs, calves, and shoes, and a six-camera motion analysis system (Eagle, Motion Analysis, Santa Rosa, CA) collected marker data at 200 Hz and analog force platform (Kistler Instrument Corp., Switzerland) data at 1000 Hz. The subjects walked and jogged in laboratory-issued New Balance 609 cross-trainers under four different posting conditions: shoe only, shoe with insole, insole with lateral posting, and insole with medial posting. They also walked while carrying a military pack with a gross mass of 18.1 kg. Each subject stood on the force platform for thirty seconds to investigate how a heavy external load affects postural stability. Based on a significance level of a=0.05, the orthotic conditions had a significant effect on peak hip abduction, ankle inversion, ankle external rotation, ankle internal rotation, and ankle range of motion (external/internal rotation), but had no effect on the peak ground reaction forces. The backpack affected peak hip abduction, hip range of motion (abduction/adduction and flexion/extension), hip external rotation, hip flexion, knee external rotation, ankle range of motion (eversion/inversion and dorsi/plantarflexion), ankle dorsiflexion, and ankle plantarflexion. The backpack significantly affected the ground reaction forces in all directions. Backpack carriage decreased postural stability, as shown by increased center of pressure (COP) path length, COP area, medial-lateral excursion, and anterior-posterior excursion. Hindfoot flexibility had a significant effect on gait kinematics and kinetics. These results have shown that wearing in-shoe orthoses can affect a person’s gait and that wearing a heavy backpack can affect both a person’s gait and their postural stability. Advisors/Committee Members: H Joseph Sommer Iii, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Neil Sharkey, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Stephen Jacob Piazza, Committee Member, John Henry Challis, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: foot type; stress fracture

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APA (6^th Edition):

Heller, M. F. (2008). Biomechanical Changes in Gait and Posture as a Result of In-Shoe Orthoses and External Load. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/6872

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Heller, Michelle Frances. “Biomechanical Changes in Gait and Posture as a Result of In-Shoe Orthoses and External Load.” 2008. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 16, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/6872.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Heller, Michelle Frances. “Biomechanical Changes in Gait and Posture as a Result of In-Shoe Orthoses and External Load.” 2008. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Heller MF. Biomechanical Changes in Gait and Posture as a Result of In-Shoe Orthoses and External Load. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2008. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/6872.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Heller MF. Biomechanical Changes in Gait and Posture as a Result of In-Shoe Orthoses and External Load. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2008. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/6872

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

18. Hoskins, Andrew Howard. Development and Characterization of a Robotic Dynamic Activity Simulator.

Degree: 2008, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/6915

► A robotic device was developed to recreate the physiologic motion and loading associated with the stance phase of dynamic activities in cadaveric lower extremity specimens.… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: cadaver walking simulation; dynamic gait simulation; foot and ankle biomechanics; robotics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hoskins, A. H. (2008). Development and Characterization of a Robotic Dynamic Activity Simulator. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/6915

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hoskins, Andrew Howard. “Development and Characterization of a Robotic Dynamic Activity Simulator.” 2008. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 16, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/6915.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hoskins, Andrew Howard. “Development and Characterization of a Robotic Dynamic Activity Simulator.” 2008. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Hoskins AH. Development and Characterization of a Robotic Dynamic Activity Simulator. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2008. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/6915.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Hoskins AH. Development and Characterization of a Robotic Dynamic Activity Simulator. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2008. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/6915

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

19. Fauth, Andrew Ray. Anatomically Based Investigations of Total Ankle Arthroplasty.

Degree: 2008, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/6741

► The study addressed alignment and orientation issues of the talocrural joint with a specific emphasis on applications for total ankle arthroplasty (TAA). The first phase… (more)

▼ The study addressed alignment and orientation issues of the talocrural joint with a specific emphasis on applications for total ankle arthroplasty (TAA). The first phase involved thorough morphological and geometrical characterizations of 8 cadaveric ankle joints, which were completed using a 3D digitization system and numerical optimization methods. The study also explored the design, use, and implantation of prototype surgical instrumentation and joint replacement components as a means of evaluating talocrural joint orientations. First, the 3D spatial orientations of easily identifiable and palpable anatomical landmarks were calculated along with clouds of points replicating the articular surfaces of the distal tibia, talus, and fibula. The articular surfaces of the tibia and talus were characterized geometrically as cylinders via numerical optimization. Results indicated that the size of the mean radius of curvature of the articular surfaces of the tali and tibiae were within the findings of previous research. Statistical comparisons between the cylinders fit to the tibia and the talus revealed significantly larger radii of curvature for the tibia. In addition, males had significantly larger radii of curvature than females. The articular surfaces were also separated into medial and lateral halves for separate cylinder fits, and comparisons of radius size were made between the medial and lateral fits for the tibia vs. the talus, males vs. females, and the medial and lateral fits vs. the original whole-fits. Joint surface orientations were identified via the cylinder fits and were compared to the 3D position and orientation of surrounding anatomical landmarks. These assessments yielded consistent and predictable findings in the coronal plane (neutral varus/valgus), confirming some traditional TAA alignment procedures. The orientations of the joint surfaces in the transverse plane were found to be highly variable, and as a result, no consistent relationship was identified that would predict the transverse orientation of the joint surfaces. Calculations were also made of the coronal and transverse orientations of vectors connecting anatomical landmarks such as the intermalleolar (IM) axis and edges of the anterior and posterior articular surfaces. Results showed that the orientations of the IM axes were highly variable in both planes, indicating that current TAA alignment procedures that approximate the alignment of the components based on the IM axis may be erroneous. The results from the initial orientation calculations were applied towards the development of prototype surgical alignment instrumentation and components for TAA. This instrumentation was used to perform TAA surgery and implant experimental TAA components to examine the joint orientations of 5 cadaveric ankles. The simple, congruent, cylindrical component system developed was based on the radius of curvature data from the cylinder optimizations, and allowed unrestricted translation and rotation of the components in the transverse… Advisors/Committee Members: Neil Sharkey, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Stephen Jacob Piazza, Committee Member, John Henry Challis, Committee Member, Steven Howard Zarit, Committee Member, James Michelson, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: ankle arthroplasty; talocrural joint; joint replacement; ankle

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Fauth, A. R. (2008). Anatomically Based Investigations of Total Ankle Arthroplasty. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/6741

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fauth, Andrew Ray. “Anatomically Based Investigations of Total Ankle Arthroplasty.” 2008. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 16, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/6741.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fauth, Andrew Ray. “Anatomically Based Investigations of Total Ankle Arthroplasty.” 2008. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Fauth AR. Anatomically Based Investigations of Total Ankle Arthroplasty. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2008. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/6741.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Fauth AR. Anatomically Based Investigations of Total Ankle Arthroplasty. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2008. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/6741

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

20. Gao, Fan. PREHENSION SYNERGIES: STATIC AND DYNAMIC EXAMINATIONS .

Degree: 2008, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/6614

► The human hand is an amazing and delicate device; its beauty of dexterity deserves extensive study. However, the redundant nature poses challenge to the study… (more)

▼ The human hand is an amazing and delicate device; its beauty of dexterity deserves extensive study. However, the redundant nature poses challenge to the study of hand function. Recently, a concept of prehension synergy was proposed and applied to the study of multi-finger prehension task. Prehension synergy is defined as the conjoint changes of finger forces and moments (Zatsiorsky and Latash 2004). In this dissertation, customized manipulandums were used to explore the prehension synergy. The existence of prehension synergy was tested and examined in both static and dynamic tasks. The specific purposes of the investigation of static tasks were: (1) to examine digital force coordination when both external torques and object geometry are varied; (2) to develop and test an artificial neural network model to explore the theory on hierarchical control of prehension; (3) to examine a hypothesis on the principle of superposition in human prehension; (4) to examine if there is a multi-finger synergy stabilizing the direction of the total force. The specific purposes of the investigation of dynamic tasks were: (1) to examine the differential effects of inertia and gravity forces on the grip force-load force relation under voluntary object manipulation; (2) to examine the internal forces acting on the object when the object is manipulated in different directions ¨C vertical, horizontal or diagonal; (3) to examine the control of finger forces and rotational equilibrium during object manipulation with prescribed torques The following aspects associated with prehension synergy had been revealed: (a) prehension was organized in a hierarchical fashion; (b) changes of task parameters result in chain effects; (c) principle of superposition was valid in both static and dynamic tasks; (d) grip force was adjusted to the gravity and load forces differently; (e) internal force was coupled with manipulation force; (f) mechanical advantage hypothesis was supported in both static and dynamic tasks; (g) anticipation is a major characteristic feature of human prehension in self-generated actions. In summary, this dissertation combined the examinations of both static and dynamic tasks and suggested a line of research for the future study on prehension synergy. Advisors/Committee Members: Vladimir M Zatsiorsky, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Mark Latash, Committee Member, Stephen Jacob Piazza, Committee Member, Henry Joseph Sommer Iii, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: prehension; finger; grip force; load force; synergy; chain effects; internal force; motor control; biomechanics

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Gao, F. (2008). PREHENSION SYNERGIES: STATIC AND DYNAMIC EXAMINATIONS . (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/6614

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gao, Fan. “PREHENSION SYNERGIES: STATIC AND DYNAMIC EXAMINATIONS .” 2008. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 16, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/6614.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gao, Fan. “PREHENSION SYNERGIES: STATIC AND DYNAMIC EXAMINATIONS .” 2008. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Gao F. PREHENSION SYNERGIES: STATIC AND DYNAMIC EXAMINATIONS . [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2008. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/6614.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Gao F. PREHENSION SYNERGIES: STATIC AND DYNAMIC EXAMINATIONS . [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2008. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/6614

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

21. Jordan, Kimberlee. Variability and long range correlations in human walking and running.

Degree: 2008, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/7208

► Fluctuations in the stride interval of human walking contain long range correlations that decay in a fractal-like manner (Hausdorff et al., 1995). Using Detrended Fluctuation… (more)

▼ Fluctuations in the stride interval of human walking contain long range correlations that decay in a fractal-like manner (Hausdorff et al., 1995). Using Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA), this thesis examines the structure of variability of the gait cycle in human locomotion. Three experiments were carried out to address several issues: 1) are long range correlations present in the fluctuations of the running gait, 2) are long range correlations present in gait variables other than the stride interval, 3) what is the influence of speed of locomotion on the scaling behavior of the gait cycle fluctuations, and, 4) what is the relationship between stability and long range correlations? Experiment 1 examines the fluctuations in a range of kinematic and kinetic gait cycle variables in walking at 60 through to 140% of preferred walking speed, while Experiment 2 investigates gait cycle fluctuations in running from 80 to 120% of preferred running speed. The results reveal the presence of fractal-like scaling behavior in all variables investigated. For many of both the walking and running gait variables, long range correlations follow a U-shaped function with speed and were minimized at preferred speeds of locomotion. Thus, at preferred speeds, there are a larger number of timescales present in the motor out put which is suggestive of greater adaptability. Experiment 3 examines the relationship between local dynamic stability, stability of the movement pattern, and the long range correlations of the gait cycle while walking and running at speeds close to preferred transition speeds. The results suggest that the scaling behavior of gait cycle fluctuations relates to the stability of the gait cycle. Collectively the findings indicate that DFA is revealing about the number of degrees of freedom available under given conditions, or conversely the degree of constraint that results from a set of conditions. An alternative but not mutually exclusive possibility is that the correlations are related to the degree of active control associated with locomotion under different circumstances. Thus, as the speed of locomotion moves increasingly away from preferred speeds, structure is introduced to the variability as a result of: a) increasing constraints, b) decreasing degrees of freedom and c) increasing levels of control. Advisors/Committee Members: Karl Maxim Newell, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, John Henry Challis, Committee Member, Joseph Paul Cusumano, Committee Member, Stephen Jacob Piazza, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: locomotion; detrended fluctuation analysis; variability; adaptability; gait cycle

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Jordan, K. (2008). Variability and long range correlations in human walking and running. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/7208

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jordan, Kimberlee. “Variability and long range correlations in human walking and running.” 2008. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 16, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/7208.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jordan, Kimberlee. “Variability and long range correlations in human walking and running.” 2008. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Jordan K. Variability and long range correlations in human walking and running. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2008. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/7208.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Jordan K. Variability and long range correlations in human walking and running. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2008. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/7208

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

22. Pataky, Todd Colin. Investigations into tangential finger force coordination.

Degree: 2008, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/6304

► Tangential force (Ft) coordination has received little explicit attention in the human prehension literature. Ft are those forces exerted parallel to the surface of a… (more)

▼ Tangential force (Ft) coordination has received little explicit attention in the human prehension literature. Ft are those forces exerted parallel to the surface of a grasped object, and are often the functional forces (e.g. holding a glass of water). Because they are necessary for mechanical equilibrium, and because of their under-study, this dissertation explores Ft in multiple experimental and computational settings. Adopted methods were similar to those used in other prehension studies, but unique experimental manipulations allowed for a 'fishing expedition' approach to the problem of understanding Ft coordination. Six experiments were conducted that examined factors relevant to Ft coordination including: (1) Viscoelastic relaxation of the finger pad subjected to Ft load, (2) Interaction among fingers during maximal multi-finger Ft efforts, (3) Ft performance during a pressing task, (4) The response of Ft to variations in external load magnitude and direction during multi-finger grasping, (5) Mechanically optimal finger forces for non-vertically oriented grasped objects, and (6) Finger pad strain energy minimization as a control scheme for intra-finger normal-tangential force coordination. The results are somewhat disparate in their immediate implications, but are all necessary facts to consider when formalizing hypotheses regarding Ft control. The following hypotheses were developed: (1) Minimization of effort drives inter-finger force coordination, and (2) Minimization of strain energy in the contact region of the finger pad drives intra-finger coordination. These hypotheses are intuitive, have a physiological basis, and are supported by the current data. In summary, this dissertation achieves the following: (a) Initiates the process of explicit Ft behavioral documentation, (b) Analyzes various factors relevant to Ft behavior, and (c) Develops lines of research for future prehension study. Advisors/Committee Members: Vladimir M Zatsiorsky, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Mark Latash, Committee Member, Stephen Jacob Piazza, Committee Member, Henry Joseph Sommer Iii, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: finger force; biomechanics; motor control; prehension; hand coordination

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APA (6^th Edition):

Pataky, T. C. (2008). Investigations into tangential finger force coordination. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/6304

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pataky, Todd Colin. “Investigations into tangential finger force coordination.” 2008. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 16, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/6304.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pataky, Todd Colin. “Investigations into tangential finger force coordination.” 2008. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Pataky TC. Investigations into tangential finger force coordination. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2008. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/6304.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Pataky TC. Investigations into tangential finger force coordination. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2008. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/6304

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

23. Smith, Jeremy Douglas. EFFECTS OF PROSTHESIS INERTIA ON THE MECHANICS AND ENERGETICS OF AMPUTEE LOCOMOTION .

Degree: 2008, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/8107

► Amputees are often prescribed prosthetic limbs with inertia properties far less than those of the limb they replace, and as a result an inertia asymmetry… (more)

▼ Amputees are often prescribed prosthetic limbs with inertia properties far less than those of the limb they replace, and as a result an inertia asymmetry between legs is created. This inertia asymmetry has been suggested to contribute to the asymmetrical walking patterns often exhibited by unilateral amputees. Unilateral, transtibial amputees also typically expend 20% to 30% more metabolic energy than non-amputees walking at the same speeds. Reasons for these higher costs are not fully understood. This dissertation consists of four studies designed to better understand the influence of prosthetic leg inertia on the mechanics and energetics of amputee locomotion. Studies 1 and 2 investigated the process by which individuals adjust their gait patterns to accommodate an inertia manipulation of the lower extremity over a short term (over the first hour) and a longer term (eight days). In both unilateral, transtibial amputees and non-amputees, temporal and joint kinetic descriptors of gait changed within five minutes of exposure to an additional mass added distally to one leg. Over the course of the next eight days, these measures showed no further changes. The return to baseline values was equally rapid upon removal of the mass on the eighth day. Adjustment to the inertia change was nearly immediate, rather than a slow and gradual adjustment process. In study 3, the effects of multiple prosthetic leg inertia configurations on metabolic costs, kinematic symmetry, and temporal symmetry were investigated. In general, metabolic costs, kinematic asymmetries, and temporal asymmetries increased systematically with increasing prosthetic inertia. The lowest metabolic cost and most symmetrical walking patterns were observed when amputees walked without mass added to their prosthetic leg, (i.e., walked with their normal prosthesis). Thus, the use of a lightweight prosthesis appeared to minimize gait asymmetries and metabolic costs during walking. Study 4 addressed the effects of multiple prosthetic leg inertia configurations on intersegmental dynamics and lower extremity muscle excitations during walking. With respect to the prosthetic leg, absolute angular impulses of the muscle, interaction, and gravitational moments of the hip and knee increased systematically during swing. During stance of the prosthetic leg, absolute angular impulses of the interaction and gravitational moments at the hip and knee also increased systematically with increasing inertia, whereas the muscle moments were unaffected. Intersegmental dynamics of the intact leg during the entire gait cycle were minimally affected by increases in prosthetic leg inertia. In general, these results suggested increases in prosthesis inertia increased demands on the musculature during the swing phase of the prosthetic leg. EMG data did not support our finding of increased muscle demand on the prosthetic leg during swing. Results of studies 3 and 4 provide no indication that the current practice of using of lightweight prostheses is contraindicated or can be improved upon… Advisors/Committee Members: Philip Martin, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, John Henry Challis, Committee Member, Stephen Jacob Piazza, Committee Member, Robert L Sainburg, Committee Member, Henry Joseph Sommer Iii, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: transtibial; biomechanics; loading

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Smith, J. D. (2008). EFFECTS OF PROSTHESIS INERTIA ON THE MECHANICS AND ENERGETICS OF AMPUTEE LOCOMOTION . (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/8107

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Smith, Jeremy Douglas. “EFFECTS OF PROSTHESIS INERTIA ON THE MECHANICS AND ENERGETICS OF AMPUTEE LOCOMOTION .” 2008. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 16, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/8107.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Smith, Jeremy Douglas. “EFFECTS OF PROSTHESIS INERTIA ON THE MECHANICS AND ENERGETICS OF AMPUTEE LOCOMOTION .” 2008. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Smith JD. EFFECTS OF PROSTHESIS INERTIA ON THE MECHANICS AND ENERGETICS OF AMPUTEE LOCOMOTION . [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2008. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/8107.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Smith JD. EFFECTS OF PROSTHESIS INERTIA ON THE MECHANICS AND ENERGETICS OF AMPUTEE LOCOMOTION . [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2008. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/8107

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

24. Wei, Kunlin. STABILITY AND VARIABLITY IN A RHYTHMIC TASK: BEHAVIORAL DATA AND DYNAMIC MODELS .

Degree: 2008, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/7605

► Using the perceptual-motor skill of rhythmically bouncing a ball as an experimental vehicle the present dissertation examined questions about control strategies and their acquisition, adaptation… (more)

▼ Using the perceptual-motor skill of rhythmically bouncing a ball as an experimental vehicle the present dissertation examined questions about control strategies and their acquisition, adaptation and transfer. Previous studies had already documented that the actor is sensitive to the stability properties of the task dynamics and performs the rhythmic actions with a strategy where effects of perturbations converge back to steady state without requiring error-correcting racket movements. This behavior is consistent with the predictions from stability analyses of a dynamic model of the task. Experiment 1 continued to scrutinize this prediction by applying a range of perturbation magnitudes, designed to be within and outside of the model¡¯s basin of attraction. Results showed that even small perturbations that were predicted to equilibrate passively were blended with active control flexibly responding to perceived errors. However, the time course of return to steady state performance was qualitatively consistent with predictions from passive stability. Experiment 2 investigated how the actor combined passive stability with active control when the dynamic stability of the task was manipulated by varying the coefficient of restitution at the racket-ball contacts. To quantify the degree of control the covariance structure of the state variables was compared with model predictions. These predictions were obtained from a model that was extended by stochastic components to yield predictions about the structure of fluctuations at steady state. Results revealed that, paradoxically, variability of performance decreased with decreasing stability, contrary to common expectations in motor control. This was explained by increasing compensatory variability in execution, a signature of control. Hence, actors rely on passive stability when the stability of the system is high and employ more active control when stability is reduced. Applying the same variability and stability analysis Experiments 3 and 4 revisited issues of acquisition, adaptation and transfer in the same skill. Both experiments clearly demonstrate that the performance improvement is correlated with increased sensitivity to passive stability. Variability was evaluated in a space spanned by execution and result variables by applying the TNC-decomposition of variability (Tolerance, Covariation, Noise). Results highlighted how learning and adaptation is a migration through the execution space combined with the fine-tuning of covariation between relevant variables and a reduction of noise. Sensitivity to passive stability forms some abstract knowledge that is easily transferable across effectors. Compared to the mere examination of outcome measures, the decomposition method provided finer-grained insights about learning, adaptation, and transfer. Taken together, the four studies extend our understanding about how coordinated performance is achieved by exploiting task stability and active control accompanied by changes in the structure of variability. Advisors/Committee Members: Dagmar Sternad, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Vladimir M Zatsiorsky, Committee Member, Stephen Jacob Piazza, Committee Member, Joseph Paul Cusumano, Committee Member, Hermann M¨¹ller, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: variability; stability; motor control; rhythmic task

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Wei, K. (2008). STABILITY AND VARIABLITY IN A RHYTHMIC TASK: BEHAVIORAL DATA AND DYNAMIC MODELS . (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/7605

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wei, Kunlin. “STABILITY AND VARIABLITY IN A RHYTHMIC TASK: BEHAVIORAL DATA AND DYNAMIC MODELS .” 2008. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 16, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/7605.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wei, Kunlin. “STABILITY AND VARIABLITY IN A RHYTHMIC TASK: BEHAVIORAL DATA AND DYNAMIC MODELS .” 2008. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Wei K. STABILITY AND VARIABLITY IN A RHYTHMIC TASK: BEHAVIORAL DATA AND DYNAMIC MODELS . [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2008. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/7605.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wei K. STABILITY AND VARIABLITY IN A RHYTHMIC TASK: BEHAVIORAL DATA AND DYNAMIC MODELS . [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2008. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/7605

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

25. Kuperavage, Adam John. INFERENCES CONCERNING BIPEDAL LOCOMOTION FROM THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE BAR 1002’00 AND BAR 1003’00 FEMORAL FRAGEMENTS .

Degree: 2009, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/9544

► The fossil evidence pertinent to the reconstructing the origins of human bipedal locomotion generally is sparse and fragmentary. Prior to four million years ago the… (more)

▼ The fossil evidence pertinent to the reconstructing the origins of human bipedal locomotion generally is sparse and fragmentary. Prior to four million years ago the record is nearly nonexistent. Among the very limited earlier remains are those from several sites in the Tugen Hills of Kenya, dated to approximately six million years ago. These remains have been assigned by their discoverers to the taxon Orrorin tugenensis. The hypodigm of Orrorin tugenensis includes two partial proximal femora, specimens BAR 1002’00 and BAR 1003’00. The external and internal morphological features of these specimens have been described multiple times by their discoverers and others over the last eight years. Studies of the internal properties of these specimens are extended here. These additional studies include measurement of the geometric cross-sectional properties in the femoral diaphyses of BAR 1002’00 and BAR 1003’00, and comparison of these data with those of several samples of earlier hominids and extant humans; measurement of the cortical bone distributions in the femoral neck using moment coefficients of skewness, and comparison of these to samples of chimpanzees and extant humans; and measurement of the calcar femorale in BAR 1003’00, with comparisons to chimpanzee and human specimens. It was found that total cross-sectional area is markedly smaller for BAR 1002’00 and BAR 1003’00 than for either early or extant hominid proximal femora. The percent cortical areas of the two Kenyan fossil femora are comparable to other fossil hominids. With regard to moment coefficients of skewness, BAR 1002’00 exhibits cortical bone distributions more similar to chimpanzees than to humans. The calcar femorale was found to be present in chimpanzees as well as in humans. BAR 1003’00 appears to have a calcar femorale more similar to that of extant humans than to chimpanzees. All of these findings, taken together, provide evidence bearing on the status of Orrorin tugenensis as a basal hominid. Advisors/Committee Members: Robert Barry Eckhardt, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Robert Barry Eckhardt, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, John Henry Challis, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Stephen Jacob Piazza, Committee Member, Henry Joseph Sommer Iii, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: second moment of area; cortical bone distribution; moment coefficient of area; Orrorin tugenensis

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Kuperavage, A. J. (2009). INFERENCES CONCERNING BIPEDAL LOCOMOTION FROM THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE BAR 1002’00 AND BAR 1003’00 FEMORAL FRAGEMENTS . (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/9544

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kuperavage, Adam John. “INFERENCES CONCERNING BIPEDAL LOCOMOTION FROM THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE BAR 1002’00 AND BAR 1003’00 FEMORAL FRAGEMENTS .” 2009. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 16, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/9544.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kuperavage, Adam John. “INFERENCES CONCERNING BIPEDAL LOCOMOTION FROM THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE BAR 1002’00 AND BAR 1003’00 FEMORAL FRAGEMENTS .” 2009. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Kuperavage AJ. INFERENCES CONCERNING BIPEDAL LOCOMOTION FROM THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE BAR 1002’00 AND BAR 1003’00 FEMORAL FRAGEMENTS . [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2009. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/9544.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kuperavage AJ. INFERENCES CONCERNING BIPEDAL LOCOMOTION FROM THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE BAR 1002’00 AND BAR 1003’00 FEMORAL FRAGEMENTS . [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2009. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/9544

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

26. Lee, Seungkyu. Symmetry Group Extraction from Multidimensional Real Data .

Degree: 2009, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10321

► Symmetry is an important characteristic of an object or a group of objects. Detecting, locating and analyzing real world symmetries have been a non-trivial computer… (more)

▼ Symmetry is an important characteristic of an object or a group of objects. Detecting, locating and analyzing real world symmetries have been a non-trivial computer vision research topic for decades. Robust and efficient symmetry group detection algorithms are desirable since they may benefit many computer vision problems like human activity analysis, shape matching and object recognition. In this dissertation, we study {em Symmetry-based Recognition} from multidimensional real data. The contribution of this dissertation is two-fold (1) a set of novel symmetry group detection algorithms and (2) a set of applications validating the efficacy of the real world symmetry detection algorithms. At the algorithmic level, we propose two novel symmetry group detection algorithms. First, we generalize reflection symmetry detection to a curved glide-reflection symmetry detection problem from real, unsegmented images. Second, we present an effective algorithm for affinely skewed rotation symmetry group detection from real-world images using a frieze-expansion (FE) method that transforms rotation symmetry group detection into a simple one dimensional translation symmetry detection problem. Experimental results for both symmetry detection algorithms on 400+ images demonstrate, quantitatively, superior performance of the proposed algorithms over existing methods. At the application level, we focus on two aspects. First, we propose a novel Bayesian framework for symmetry-driven shape matching and object recognition, where we can incorporate a new symmetry group descriptor into any conventional system. Statistically significant enhancement of shape matching performance over the best state of the art methods on the MPEG-7 data set is observed in our initial experiments. Second, we define and analyze spatiotemporal patterns of human body motion in terms of symmetry distances. This novel use of symmetry for motion analysis leads to quantitative characterizations and unique/detailed motion features that have never been attempted before. The outcome of this dissertation will further illustrate the challenges as well as the feasibility of computational symmetry. Advisors/Committee Members: Yanxi Liu, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Yanxi Liu, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Robert Collins, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Jesse Louis Barlow, Committee Member, Karl Maxim Newell, Committee Member, Stephen Jacob Piazza, Committee Member, Raj Acharya, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: gait; shape matching; reflection; rotation; symmetry group; symmetry; human body motion analysis

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Lee, S. (2009). Symmetry Group Extraction from Multidimensional Real Data . (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10321

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lee, Seungkyu. “Symmetry Group Extraction from Multidimensional Real Data .” 2009. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 16, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10321.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lee, Seungkyu. “Symmetry Group Extraction from Multidimensional Real Data .” 2009. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Lee S. Symmetry Group Extraction from Multidimensional Real Data . [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2009. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10321.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Lee S. Symmetry Group Extraction from Multidimensional Real Data . [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2009. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10321

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

27. Kirane, Yatin. PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF CUSTOM-DESIGNED POSTERIOR-STEP GLENOID PROSTHESES IN TOTAL SHOULDER ARTHROPLASTY .

Degree: 2009, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10130

► Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) is the treatment of choice for advanced gleno-humeral osteoarthritis. Among different complications of the procedure, loosening of the glenoid component (the… (more)

▼ Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) is the treatment of choice for advanced gleno-humeral osteoarthritis. Among different complications of the procedure, loosening of the glenoid component (the socket) is most common. The risk for glenoid component loosening is greatly increased with pre-existing bone erosion in the posterior glenoid, for which the treatment options are currently limited. The goal of the present project was to employ a cadaver model to evaluate the mechanical efficacy of two Posterior-step glenoid prostheses (Poly-step and Ti-step), two custom implants designed to compensate for a typical posterior glenoid defect. Our first hypothesis was that TSA using a standard (STD) glenoid prosthesis, in the absence of a defect, will not significantly alter joint stability, as measured by gleno-humeral translations, but will increase loading of the glenoid, as measured by the peri-glenoid principal bone strains. The second hypothesis was that TSA using custom Poly-step and Ti-step prostheses, to compensate for a biconcave posterior glenoid defect, will reverse the alterations in peri-glenoid strains and joint translations as caused by the defect. Furthermore, we also hypothesized that consequences of implantation of custom Poly-step and Ti-step prostheses in the presence of a defect will be similar to those following STD prosthesis implantation in the absence of such a defect. Fifteen non-embalmed, fresh frozen human shoulder specimens were tested in a custom-built loading apparatus after fixing three triaxial strain gauge rosettes around the glenoid, and two marker-clusters on the acromion and the humerus. The arm was placed in 90° of abduction in neutral, in 30° of horizontal flexion and 30° of horizontal extension, while applying static forces to the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles, and axial forces to the distal humerus using a linear actuator. Peri-glenoid bone strains and marker-motion were recorded using analogue-to-digital converter and custom software, and a four-camera motion capture system respectively. Principal strains and joint translations were derived from the strains and marker-motion respectively, and were compared across conditions, arm positions and implant types. In five out of fifteen specimens, TSA was performed using a standard glenoid prosthesis while in the remaining ten specimens, a defect (20° biconcave type) was surgically created in the posterior glenoid, and custom Polyethylene-step and Titanium-step glenoid prostheses were implanted in five specimens each. We observed that implantation of a STD glenoid prosthesis, in the absence of posterior glenoid defect, had no significant effect on glenoid bone loading or joint stability (p > 0.05). Creation of a 20° biconcave defect in the posterior glenoid caused some significant alterations in glenoid strains but not in joint translations, as compared to those in the native joints (p < 0.05). Implantation of a Polyethylene-step glenoid prosthesis in the presence of a defect, successfully reversed the mechanical alterations… Advisors/Committee Members: Neil Sharkey, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Neil Sharkey, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, April D Armstrong, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Stephen Jacob Piazza, Committee Member, Andris Freivalds, Committee Member, Kevin Paul Black, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: posterior glenoid defect; glenoid prosthesis; shoulder arthroplasty

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Kirane, Y. (2009). PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF CUSTOM-DESIGNED POSTERIOR-STEP GLENOID PROSTHESES IN TOTAL SHOULDER ARTHROPLASTY . (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10130

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kirane, Yatin. “PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF CUSTOM-DESIGNED POSTERIOR-STEP GLENOID PROSTHESES IN TOTAL SHOULDER ARTHROPLASTY .” 2009. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 16, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10130.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kirane, Yatin. “PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF CUSTOM-DESIGNED POSTERIOR-STEP GLENOID PROSTHESES IN TOTAL SHOULDER ARTHROPLASTY .” 2009. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Kirane Y. PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF CUSTOM-DESIGNED POSTERIOR-STEP GLENOID PROSTHESES IN TOTAL SHOULDER ARTHROPLASTY . [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2009. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10130.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kirane Y. PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF CUSTOM-DESIGNED POSTERIOR-STEP GLENOID PROSTHESES IN TOTAL SHOULDER ARTHROPLASTY . [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2009. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10130

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

28. Niu, Xun. CONTROL MECHANISIMS OF MULTI-FINGER GRASPING .

Degree: 2010, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/11245

► Object manipulation with the hand is a complicated task for the central nervous system (CNS). In numerous investigations of multi-finger prehension (reviewed in Zatsiorsky and… (more)

▼ Object manipulation with the hand is a complicated task for the central nervous system (CNS). In numerous investigations of multi-finger prehension (reviewed in Zatsiorsky and Latash 2004, 2008), it has been found that the CNS simplifies control by employing stable patterns of conjoint changes in finger forces and moments of force, called prehension synergies (PSs). Although PSs have been comprehensively studied in a series of customized experiments, certain aspects of them have not been well-addressed in current literature. To cover this deficiency, we investigate: (1) the effect of transcrainial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on the stability of multi-finger prehension synergies, the relationship between the background magnitude and TMS-induced changes, and the applicability of the principle of superposition under these conditions; (2) the effect of grasping force magnitude on prehension synergies, including a test of the scale invariance hypothesis for multi-finger prehension; (3) the applicability of a newly-developed inverse optimization method (analytical inverse optimization, ANIO) to multi-digit grasping, including a comparison with other optimization methods; and (4) the reproducibility of both multi-finger prehension over time, and the associated optimization cost functions. A series of experiments have been performed, and the following conclusions have been reached: (1) the TMS-induced changes in normal forces, tangential forces and moments of force were proportional to the background force/moment magnitudes; (2) the restoration of prehension patterns after TMS involved two phases: synergy restoration (i.e., the restoration of the correlation between elemental variables) and force magnitude restoration; (3) observations of PS restoration time after TMS supported the principle of superposition in human hand grasping; (4) the scale invariance hypothesis was confirmed only for zero-torque tasks, and rejected for tasks with torque; (5) the inverse optimization problem for force-sharing among fingers could be solved using the Analytical Inverse Optimization (ANIO) method, creating good agreement with the experimental observations; (6) reproducibility of PSs and the reconstructed cost functions over time was confirmed for multi-finger prehension; and (7) the planarity of finger forces in multi-finger prehension was valid for all subjects over time; the 2nd order coefficients of the cost function, Ki, had a linear relationship with finger force averages. Advisors/Committee Members: Vladimir M Zatsiorsky, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Vladimir M Zatsiorsky, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Mark Latash, Committee Member, Stephen Jacob Piazza, Committee Member, Andris Freivalds, Committee Member, James Landis Rosenberger, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: synergy; optimization; grasping

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Niu, X. (2010). CONTROL MECHANISIMS OF MULTI-FINGER GRASPING . (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/11245

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Niu, Xun. “CONTROL MECHANISIMS OF MULTI-FINGER GRASPING .” 2010. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 16, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/11245.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Niu, Xun. “CONTROL MECHANISIMS OF MULTI-FINGER GRASPING .” 2010. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Niu X. CONTROL MECHANISIMS OF MULTI-FINGER GRASPING . [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2010. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/11245.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Niu X. CONTROL MECHANISIMS OF MULTI-FINGER GRASPING . [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2010. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/11245

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Open Access Theses and Dissertations