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1.
Masters, Samuel Edward.
Soft Tissue Oscillation Increases Gait Stability in Passive-dynamic Walkers.
Degree: 2015, Penn State University
URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/25612 
► The majority of human body mass is comprised of soft tissue which can oscillate during human locomotion. Models of human locomotion that contain a soft-tissue…
(more)
▼ The majority of human body mass is comprised of soft tissue which can oscillate during human locomotion. Models of human locomotion that contain a soft-tissue component can be used to study the potential role of soft-tissue oscillations. Passive-dynamic walkers (PDWs) are models of human ambulation that can be used to study the underlying dynamics of walking gait. Passive-dynamic walkers can ambulate on an incline solely due to gravity. A PDW with a soft-tissue component was modeled to study the effects of soft-tissue oscillation on human gait dynamics. The control passive-dynamic walker (CPDW) contained point masses at the hip and at each foot. The legs were massless and rigid. The oscillating passive-dynamic walker (OPDW) was identical to the CPDW except for the addition of spring-mass-damper system attached to the hip mass to simulate soft-tissue oscillation. Floquet multipliers (FMs), local divergence exponents (LDEs), the basin of attraction (BOA), slope perturbation range (SPR), and step time variability (STV) were utilized to access stability. Floquet multipliers and LDEs measure short-term step-to-step and short-term inter-step stability, respectively. The BOA measures long-term step-to-step stability. Slope perturbation range and STV measure PDW robustness to uneven terrain in the short-term and long-term, respectively. The spring-damper parameters of the OPDW could be tuned such that the gait stability of the OPDW was greater than that of the CPDW by 38.1%, 6.2%, 135.1%, 131.9%, and 40.3% for the FMs, LDEs, the BOA, the SPR, and the STV, respectively. The walking gait of the PDW model with a soft-tissue component was more stable than the fully rigid model. This suggests damped soft-tissue oscillations may, in addition to their other roles, make human gait more stable.
Advisors/Committee Members: Advisor%22%29&pagesize-30">
John Henry Challis,
Thesis Advisor/
Co-
Advisor.
Subjects/Keywords: passive walker; soft tissue; stability; floquet multipliers; local divergence exponents; basin of attraction; variability
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APA (6th Edition):
Masters, S. E. (2015). Soft Tissue Oscillation Increases Gait Stability in Passive-dynamic Walkers. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/25612
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Masters, Samuel Edward. “Soft Tissue Oscillation Increases Gait Stability in Passive-dynamic Walkers.” 2015. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 23, 2021.
https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/25612.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Masters, Samuel Edward. “Soft Tissue Oscillation Increases Gait Stability in Passive-dynamic Walkers.” 2015. Web. 23 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Masters SE. Soft Tissue Oscillation Increases Gait Stability in Passive-dynamic Walkers. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 23].
Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/25612.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Masters SE. Soft Tissue Oscillation Increases Gait Stability in Passive-dynamic Walkers. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2015. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/25612
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Penn State University
2.
Mendez, Laura Ximena.
Gastrocnemius Muscle Pennation Variation.
Degree: 2015, Penn State University
URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/23740
► Pennated muscles have their fibers attaching obliquely to their tendon forming an angle which is referred to as the pennation angle. Pennation angles change with…
(more)
▼ Pennated muscles have their fibers attaching obliquely to their tendon forming an angle which is referred to as the pennation angle. Pennation angles change with muscle length, muscle force, and contractile velocity. The aim in this study was to further understand the function of pennation angle variations during different muscle actions of the gastrocnemius muscle in vivo. The direct action of the gastrocnemius muscle can cause ankle and knee motion. Both heads of the gastrocnemius were imaged in vivo using ultrasound during muscle actions in a dynamometer while ankle moments were recorded. These data were collected for twenty-four healthy subjects (age: 25.8 ± 5.2 years; mass: 68.0 ± 14.6 kg; height: 1.69 ± 0.12 m). Ultrasound images were taken at nine different ankle angles for maximal static plantar-flexions, and for three different angular velocities for dynamic contractions. Both tests were performed with the knee extended and the knee flexed. The ultrasound images were used to measure pennation angles during the static and dynamic tests. Analyses were performed to assess differences in pennation angle between ankle angles and between gastrocnemius heads in the static test, and between the static and dynamic tests. Correlations were analyzed between pennation angle and the inertial parameters of the shank, and ankle moments. A muscle model which included pennation angle in the calculation of tendon force was evaluated based on the experimental data. There were no statistically significant correlations between pennation angle and the segmental inertial parameters, or with normalized peak ankle moment at the two knee angles. Differences in ankle moments between the two knee conditions were not statistically significantly different. The model presented similarities with the experimental data with the knee flexed but not with the knee extended. The predicted ankle moments were higher compared with the experimental data with knee extended, and with the knee flexed the predicted moments were higher than the experimental data in plantar-flexion and lower in dorsi-flexion. Coefficients of variation presented small variability in pennation angle between subjects. Pennation angles between the gastrocnemius heads were not statistically significantly different for both knee conditions. Pennation angles in static and dynamic contractions presented statistically significant differences where in general larger pennation angles were found for the static conditions for all ankle angles. In some cases the lateral head presented larger pennation angles for the dynamic condition compared with the static condition. This study helped in the understanding of in vivo pennation angle changes and is the first study to examine pennation angles and segmental inertial parameters, and to compare pennation angle between static and dynamic conditions for different ankle angles within the normal ankle range of motion.
Advisors/Committee Members: Advisor%22%29&pagesize-30">
John Henry Challis,
Thesis Advisor/
Co-
Advisor.
Subjects/Keywords: Gastrocnemius muscle; pennation angle
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APA (6th Edition):
Mendez, L. X. (2015). Gastrocnemius Muscle Pennation Variation. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/23740
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Mendez, Laura Ximena. “Gastrocnemius Muscle Pennation Variation.” 2015. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 23, 2021.
https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/23740.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Mendez, Laura Ximena. “Gastrocnemius Muscle Pennation Variation.” 2015. Web. 23 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Mendez LX. Gastrocnemius Muscle Pennation Variation. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 23].
Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/23740.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Mendez LX. Gastrocnemius Muscle Pennation Variation. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2015. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/23740
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Penn State University
3.
Wager, Justin Charles.
Assessment of elastic energy in the plantar aponeurosis and its contributions to human running.
Degree: 2015, Penn State University
URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/26210
► One of the primary roles of tendons during human locomotion is the storage and release of elastic energy. As the limbs move in cyclic patterns,…
(more)
▼ One of the primary roles of tendons during human locomotion is the storage and release of elastic energy. As the limbs move in cyclic patterns, some of the lower limb tendons stretch and recoil, functioning like springs that reuse a portion of the energy during each step. This function assists in improving the efficiency of human locomotion by reducing the work that is required of the muscles. Testing of cadaveric specimens in situ has demonstrated that the arch of the foot operates in this capacity during simple loading. However, it remains unclear whether the arch functions in this manner during the more complex task of human locomotion. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate one of the main elastic tissues in the arch (the plantar aponeurosis; PA), to examine its ability to store and release elastic energy that potentially contributes to the mechanical energetics of the foot during running. A second aim was to investigate the influence of the initial foot contact pattern on the function of the PA during the stance phase of running.
A kinematically driven rigid-body model of the human foot was used to estimate the strain, tensile force, and elastic energy stored within the PA. Calculation of the foot joint moments, powers, and work created by the PA allowed an assessment of the contribution of the PA to the mechanical energetics of running gait. Elastic energy stored within the PA was found to be approximately 3 J, which is comparable to values found during in situ loading. The release of this elastic energy generated a small amount of joint power at the talonavicular joint. This joint power amounted to approximately 5-10% of the combined lower limb joint powers during late stance and contributed to push-off slightly after peak power generation at the ankle. In addition, this analysis revealed that differences existed in the early stance phase behavior of the PA between a non-rearfoot strike and a rearfoot strike, but that these differences did not exist during push-off. Future work will use these findings as a foundation to investigate how the mechanical power generated by the PA influences the energetics of other joints within the lower limb as well as the metabolic cost of locomotion.
Advisors/Committee Members: Advisor%22%29&pagesize-30">
John Henry Challis,
Thesis Advisor/
Co-
Advisor.
Subjects/Keywords: biomechanics; multisegment foot model; locomotion; plantar fascia; elastic energy; strain; longitudinal arch; foot strike
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APA (6th Edition):
Wager, J. C. (2015). Assessment of elastic energy in the plantar aponeurosis and its contributions to human running. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/26210
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wager, Justin Charles. “Assessment of elastic energy in the plantar aponeurosis and its contributions to human running.” 2015. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 23, 2021.
https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/26210.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wager, Justin Charles. “Assessment of elastic energy in the plantar aponeurosis and its contributions to human running.” 2015. Web. 23 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Wager JC. Assessment of elastic energy in the plantar aponeurosis and its contributions to human running. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 23].
Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/26210.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Wager JC. Assessment of elastic energy in the plantar aponeurosis and its contributions to human running. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2015. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/26210
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Penn State University
4.
Sutton, Dane.
The Influence Of Karate Training On Postural Stability.
Degree: 2012, Penn State University
URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16217
► This paper explores two issues of importance for fall prevention programs. First, do relatively short 15-week postural stability enhancement programs produce meaningful improvements as measured…
(more)
▼ This paper explores two issues of importance for fall prevention programs. First, do relatively short 15-week postural stability enhancement programs produce meaningful improvements as measured by center of pressure (COP) metrics? Secondly, does a 15-week training program in Karate produce better results than a Strength Training program? Individual program evaluations, and between program comparisons, are based on pre- and post-training COP metrics.
Injuries incurred from falls are a major public health concern. In the U.S., falls are the leading cause of injury across all ages. The morbidity and mortality rates increase dramatically for the segment of the population over the age of 65. Researchers have thus investigated various forms of exercise for their potential to improve postural stability. One fall prevention strategy that has received much attention recently is the use of the ancient martial art of T’ai Chi to improve balance. While T’ai Chi has been shown to improve static balance, it may not be effective in reducing the risk of falls in more dynamic tasks such as recovering from tripping over an obstacle while one is walking, or when one experiences sudden perturbations, such as being jostled in a crowd.
In contrast, other martial arts, such as Karate, incorporate training in both stationary and dynamic postures. In addition, Karate emphasizes the maintenance of balance against perturbations. It is hypothesized that improvements in balance can best be obtained through an exercise program, such as Karate, that incorporates both static and dynamic training, as well as practice in postural responses to perturbations. The purpose of this study is to examine the difference in postural characteristics between Karate students and a control group after a relatively brief 15-week physical training session. It is hypothesized that the Karate students will show more improvement in balance as their training progresses compared to the control group. To test this hypothesis, anthropometric measures were obtained from two groups of subjects: Karate students and a control group consisting of students engaged in strength training.
Before training, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in their body segment inertial parameters. Postural stability tests were performed at both the beginning and the end of a relatively brief 15-week training period. During these tests, data on the movement of the center of pressure was obtained using a force plate while subjects performed balancing tasks; both with and without perturbation. Analysis of this data indicates that there were only a limited number of statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-training center of pressure motion for the two groups. These differences did not show any trends in the metrics which were different from the pre- and post-training values. In summary, there were no statistically significant changes in the center of pressure motion for either the Strength Training group or the…
Advisors/Committee Members: Advisor%22%29&pagesize-30">
John Henry Challis,
Thesis Advisor/
Co-
Advisor.
Subjects/Keywords: Karate; Postural Stability; Center of Pressure; Fall Prevention; Balance; Perturbations
Record Details
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Sutton, D. (2012). The Influence Of Karate Training On Postural Stability. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16217
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Sutton, Dane. “The Influence Of Karate Training On Postural Stability.” 2012. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 23, 2021.
https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16217.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Sutton, Dane. “The Influence Of Karate Training On Postural Stability.” 2012. Web. 23 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Sutton D. The Influence Of Karate Training On Postural Stability. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 23].
Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16217.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Sutton D. The Influence Of Karate Training On Postural Stability. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2012. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16217
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Penn State University
5.
Adams, Kirk Douglas.
An Analysis of the Biomechanics of Landing of Two Groups of Athletes.
Degree: 2013, Penn State University
URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16894
► Athletes, even at an elite level, will perform a skill in many different ways. Even though different methods may all be successful in respect to…
(more)
▼ Athletes, even at an elite level, will perform a skill in many different ways. Even though different methods may all be successful in respect to the sport, certain methods may predispose certain athletes to greater rates of injury. Females, in particular, experience an alarming rate of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries and at rates much higher than males in similar sports. The purpose of this study was to examine the biomechanics of landing from a drop for two groups of female athletes and to compare between the two groups their segmental inertial properties, landing kinematics and kinetics. Motion analysis, ground reaction forces, body segment inertial parameters and resultant joint moments of 8 varsity level female gymnasts and 8 varsity level swimmers performing ten two-footed landings onto a force plate from a nominal drop height of 0.35 meters were analyzed. For almost all body segments, the center of mass location, moment of inertia, and the length for each thigh, shank, and foot were not statistically significantly different between the two groups when normalized for body size. On landing the swimmers exhibited a statistically significant greater range of whole body center of mass motion; this was accompanied by greater ranges of motion at the ankle, knee and hip joints for this group. Almost all of the metrics for ground reaction forces were statistically significantly different between the groups, with the gymnasts having the greater values. Overall the gymnasts exhibited “stiffer” landings compared with the swimmers, in effect the gymnasts made less of an effort to dissipate the forces of the landing task than did the swimmers. The present study did have some limitations, primarily the use of motion analysis in one plane of motion. Future studies would benefit from a full three-dimensional analysis and the inclusion of males to provide another point of comparison.
Advisors/Committee Members: Advisor%22%29&pagesize-30">
John Henry Challis,
Thesis Advisor/
Co-
Advisor.
Subjects/Keywords: Landings; ACL; Non-contact; Gymnasts; Swimmers
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to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Adams, K. D. (2013). An Analysis of the Biomechanics of Landing of Two Groups of Athletes. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16894
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Adams, Kirk Douglas. “An Analysis of the Biomechanics of Landing of Two Groups of Athletes.” 2013. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 23, 2021.
https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16894.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Adams, Kirk Douglas. “An Analysis of the Biomechanics of Landing of Two Groups of Athletes.” 2013. Web. 23 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Adams KD. An Analysis of the Biomechanics of Landing of Two Groups of Athletes. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 23].
Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16894.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Adams KD. An Analysis of the Biomechanics of Landing of Two Groups of Athletes. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2013. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16894
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Penn State University
6.
Howse, Brittany Noelle.
Bi-lateral Mechanical Properties of the Achilles Tendon.
Degree: 2012, Penn State University
URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/15787
► The Achilles tendon is responsible for transmitting forces from the triceps surae complex to the calcaneus, enabling plantar-flexion of the ankle which ultimately allows for…
(more)
▼ The Achilles tendon is responsible for transmitting forces from the triceps surae
complex to the calcaneus, enabling plantar-flexion of the ankle which ultimately allows
for locomotion. As the thickest tendon in the human body combined with its superficial
placement near the skin, the Achilles tendon is a superior subject for ultrasound
examination. This study aimed to examine the bi-lateral mechanical and anthropometric
properties of the Achilles tendon, specifically comparing the dominant and non-dominant
leg across both male and female subjects. Achilles tendon length, tendon volume, peak
strain, and maximum ankle plantar-flexion moment were measured on ten male and ten
female subjects. Data showed asymmetry to all metrics analyzed. The twenty subjects
exhibited an average asymmetry between dominant and non-dominant legs of 12.1% for
maximum ankle plantar-flexion moment, 4.6% for Achilles tendon length, 10.8% for
Achilles tendon volume, and 22.4% for Achilles tendon peak strain; however none of
these differences were statistically significant. Significant differences were reported,
however, in comparisons across the sexes. Males exhibited significantly larger
normalized maximum ankle plantar-flexion moments than females, in addition to
significantly larger Achilles tendon strain on the non-dominant leg. Females also
exhibited significantly greater levels of asymmetry than men for normalized maximum
ankle plantar-flexion moment values, and Achilles tendon length. This study is the first
to report data assessing the symmetry between the limbs for Achilles tendon mechanical
properties; it provides a point of reference for the natural variability of the Achilles
tendon.
Advisors/Committee Members: Advisor%22%29&pagesize-30">
John Henry Challis,
Thesis Advisor/
Co-
Advisor.
Subjects/Keywords: Achilles; tendon properties; ultrasound; asymmetry
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Howse, B. N. (2012). Bi-lateral Mechanical Properties of the Achilles Tendon. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/15787
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Howse, Brittany Noelle. “Bi-lateral Mechanical Properties of the Achilles Tendon.” 2012. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 23, 2021.
https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/15787.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Howse, Brittany Noelle. “Bi-lateral Mechanical Properties of the Achilles Tendon.” 2012. Web. 23 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Howse BN. Bi-lateral Mechanical Properties of the Achilles Tendon. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 23].
Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/15787.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Howse BN. Bi-lateral Mechanical Properties of the Achilles Tendon. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2012. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/15787
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Penn State University
7.
Lafe, Charley.
Visual information and the multiple time scales of isometric force control.
Degree: 2014, Penn State University
URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/22634
► The experiment was designed to examine the interaction between frequency of visual information feedback and force level on the control of isometric force production. Participants…
(more)
▼ The experiment was designed to examine the interaction between frequency of visual information feedback and force level on the control of isometric force production. Participants were asked to produce constant levels of isometric force using in separate conditions the index finger of their right hand, left hand, and both hands. Visual intermittency rates ranging from .8Hz to 25.6Hz were presented at three force levels of 15%, 30%, and 60% of the maximal voluntary contraction. There were significant effects of force level on the amount (Standard Deviation) and time dependent structure (Approximate Entropy) of force variability. Reduced intermittency of the frequency of visual feedback decreased the amount of force variability and increased the irregularity of force output. Visual information was found to have a force level dependent effect on frequency structure up to 12Hz, while spectral density was predominantly modulated within the 0 - 4Hz bandwidth. This pattern of findings for force level and intermittency remained consistent across all hand conditions. The study provides further evidence for the postulation that there are multiple timescales of isometric control that are scaled interactively by force level and visual information intermittency.
Advisors/Committee Members: Advisor%22%29&pagesize-30">Karl Maxim Newell,
Thesis Advisor/
Co-
Advisor,
Advisor%22%29&pagesize-30">John Henry Challis, Thesis Advisor/Co-Advisor,
Advisor%22%29&pagesize-30">Kristina A Neely, Thesis Advisor/Co-Advisor.
Subjects/Keywords: Force variability; Intermittency; Timescales; Visual-motor Processing
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MLA ·
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Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Lafe, C. (2014). Visual information and the multiple time scales of isometric force control. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/22634
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Lafe, Charley. “Visual information and the multiple time scales of isometric force control.” 2014. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 23, 2021.
https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/22634.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Lafe, Charley. “Visual information and the multiple time scales of isometric force control.” 2014. Web. 23 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Lafe C. Visual information and the multiple time scales of isometric force control. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 23].
Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/22634.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Lafe C. Visual information and the multiple time scales of isometric force control. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2014. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/22634
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
. 
Open Access Theses and Dissertations