+publisher:"Penn State University" +contributor:("George Spencer Young, Committee Member")

Penn State University

1. Banghoff, John. Using Dual-Polarization Radar Information to Investigate Clear-Air Atmospheric Phenomena.

Degree: 2019, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16184jxb645

► Dual-polarization radar provides a wealth of new information about the type, size, and orientation of scatterers in the atmosphere. This radar information has been interrogated… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Radar; Meteorology; Boundary Layer; Remote Sensing; Dual-Polarization Radar; Horizontal Convective Rolls; Cellular Convection; Clear-Air

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APA (6^th Edition):

Banghoff, J. (2019). Using Dual-Polarization Radar Information to Investigate Clear-Air Atmospheric Phenomena. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16184jxb645

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Banghoff, John. “Using Dual-Polarization Radar Information to Investigate Clear-Air Atmospheric Phenomena.” 2019. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed January 23, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16184jxb645.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Banghoff, John. “Using Dual-Polarization Radar Information to Investigate Clear-Air Atmospheric Phenomena.” 2019. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Banghoff J. Using Dual-Polarization Radar Information to Investigate Clear-Air Atmospheric Phenomena. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16184jxb645.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Banghoff J. Using Dual-Polarization Radar Information to Investigate Clear-Air Atmospheric Phenomena. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2019. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16184jxb645

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

2. Stauffer, Ryan Michael. Linkages among U.S. Ozonesonde Profile Variability, Meteorology, and Surface Ozone Measurements based on Self-Organizing Map Clustering.

Degree: 2016, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/28646

► Ozone (O3) profiles have been measured with high accuracy and precision by balloon-borne ozonesonde instruments since the 1960s. Since then, global ozonesonde networks have amassed… (more)

▼ Ozone (O3) profiles have been measured with high accuracy and precision by balloon-borne ozonesonde instruments since the 1960s. Since then, global ozonesonde networks have amassed vast data sets, compiling O3 climatologies with which to develop and validate satellite retrieval algorithms, and evaluate chemical transport model output. A typical way to formulate O3 climatologies is to average ozonesonde profiles on a monthly or seasonal basis, either for specific regions or zonally. Shortcomings of this simplistic averaging are quantified in this dissertation through use of a statistical clustering technique, self-organizing maps (SOM). First, the SOM algorithm and its application to ozonesonde profiles are detailed. Sensitivity tests comparing SOM with the similar k-means algorithm lead to the decision to employ SOM to ozonesonde data sets, and justified the choice of a 3x3 SOM with nine clusters. SOM is then applied to >4500 ozonesonde profiles from the long-term U.S. monitoring sites Boulder, CO; Huntsville, AL; Trinidad Head, CA; and Wallops Island, VA. The clusters of surface – 12 km amsl O3 mixing ratio data are closely linked to large-scale meteorological conditions. At all four sites, profiles in SOM clusters exhibit similar tropopause height, 500 hPa height and temperature, and total and tropospheric column O3. When profiles from each SOM cluster are compared to monthly O3 means, near-tropopause O3 in three of the clusters is double (over +100 ppbv) the climatological O3 mixing ratio. The three clusters include 13–16% of all profiles, mostly from winter and spring. Large mid-tropospheric deviations from monthly means (-6 ppbv, +7 – 10 ppbv O3 at 6 km) are found in two highly-populated clusters with a combined 36–39% of profiles. The latter clusters represent both distinctly polluted (summer) and clean O3 (fall-winter, high tropopause) profiles. Finally, we explore the capability of SOM clusters to identify high surface O3 events. Clusters of O3 profile data over a narrowed altitude range (surface – 6 km amsl) from Trinidad Head, CA, are linked to surface O3 monitor data at inland locations in CA. SOM clusters of O3 profile data from the lower troposphere can discriminate background vs polluted O3 and the conditions linked with each. Two of nine O3 clusters exhibit thin layers (~100s of m thick) of high O3, typically between 1 and 4 km, and residing above a subsidence inversion associated with a northern location of the semi-permanent Pacific subtropical high. Ozone in these clusters is upwind of high-altitude surface O3 monitors at inland locations. The surface O3 monitors at Lassen Volcanic and Yosemite National Parks, and Truckee, CA, display a marked impact of the elevated tropospheric O¬¬3. Days corresponding to the high O3 clusters exhibit hourly surface O3 anomalies at these sites of +5–10 ppbv compared to a climatology; the anomalies can last up to four days. Advisors/Committee Members: Anne Mee Thompson, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, William Henry Brune, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, George Spencer Young, Committee Member, John Harlim, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: Ozone; Radiosondes; Climatology; Meteorology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Stauffer, R. M. (2016). Linkages among U.S. Ozonesonde Profile Variability, Meteorology, and Surface Ozone Measurements based on Self-Organizing Map Clustering. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/28646

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Stauffer, Ryan Michael. “Linkages among U.S. Ozonesonde Profile Variability, Meteorology, and Surface Ozone Measurements based on Self-Organizing Map Clustering.” 2016. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed January 23, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/28646.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Stauffer, Ryan Michael. “Linkages among U.S. Ozonesonde Profile Variability, Meteorology, and Surface Ozone Measurements based on Self-Organizing Map Clustering.” 2016. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Stauffer RM. Linkages among U.S. Ozonesonde Profile Variability, Meteorology, and Surface Ozone Measurements based on Self-Organizing Map Clustering. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/28646.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Stauffer RM. Linkages among U.S. Ozonesonde Profile Variability, Meteorology, and Surface Ozone Measurements based on Self-Organizing Map Clustering. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2016. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/28646

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

3. Suarez Mullins, Astrid. Observations and Modeling of the Effects of Waves and Rotors on Submeso and Turbulence Variability within the Stable Boundary Layer over Central Pennsylvania.

Degree: 2015, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/27390

► Terrain-induced gravity waves and rotor circulations have been hypothesized to enhance the generation of submeso motions (i.e., nonstationary shear events with spatial and temporal scales… (more)

▼ Terrain-induced gravity waves and rotor circulations have been hypothesized to enhance the generation of submeso motions (i.e., nonstationary shear events with spatial and temporal scales greater than the turbulence scale and smaller than the meso-gamma scale) and to modulate low-level intermittency in the stable boundary layer (SBL). Intermittent turbulence, generated by submeso motions and/or the waves, can affect the atmospheric transport and dispersion of pollutants and hazardous materials. Thus, the study of these motions and the mechanisms through which they impact the weakly to very stable SBL is crucial for improving air quality modeling and hazard predictions. It is important to note that while gravity waves and rotors have been thoroughly studied through theoretical, observational, and idealized modeling studies, little still is known about the response of nonstationary and nonlinear waves for real cases under typical SBL conditions, and about the impact of different wave behaviors on rotor development and evolution, and the generation of intermittent low-level turbulence. Consequently in this thesis, the effects of waves and rotor circulations on submeso and turbulence variability within the SBL is investigated over the moderate terrain of central Pennsylvania using special observations from a network deployed at Rock Springs, PA and high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model forecasts. The investigation of waves and rotors over central PA is important because 1) the moderate topography of this region is common to most of the eastern US and thus the knowledge acquired from this study can be of significance to a large population, 2) there have been little evidence of complex wave structures and rotors reported for this region, and 3) little is known about the waves and rotors generated by smaller and more moderate topographies. Six case studies exhibiting an array of wave and rotor structures are analyzed. Observational evidence of the presence of complex wave structures, resembling nonstationary trapped gravity waves and downslope windstorms, and complex rotor circulations, resembling trapped and jump-type rotors, is presented. These motions and the mechanisms through which they modulate the SBL are further investigated using high-resolution WRF forecasts. First, the efficacy of the 0.444-km horizontal grid spacing WRF model to reproduce submeso and meso-gamma motions, generated by waves and rotors and hypothesized to impact the SBL, is investigated using a new wavelet-based verification methodology for assessing non-deterministic model skill in the submeso and meso-gamma range to complement standard deterministic measures. This technique allows the verification and/or intercomparison of any two nonstationary stochastic systems without many of the limitations of typical wavelet-based verification approaches (e.g., selection of noise models, testing for significance, etc.). Through this analysis, it is shown that the WRF model largely underestimates the number of small amplitude… Advisors/Committee Members: David R Stauffer, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, George Spencer Young, Committee Member, Fuqing Zhang, Committee Member, Jacob Willem Langelaan, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: high-resolution modeling; wavelets; model verification; waves; rotors; submeso; turbulence variability; stable boundary layer

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APA (6^th Edition):

Suarez Mullins, A. (2015). Observations and Modeling of the Effects of Waves and Rotors on Submeso and Turbulence Variability within the Stable Boundary Layer over Central Pennsylvania. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/27390

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Suarez Mullins, Astrid. “Observations and Modeling of the Effects of Waves and Rotors on Submeso and Turbulence Variability within the Stable Boundary Layer over Central Pennsylvania.” 2015. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed January 23, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/27390.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Suarez Mullins, Astrid. “Observations and Modeling of the Effects of Waves and Rotors on Submeso and Turbulence Variability within the Stable Boundary Layer over Central Pennsylvania.” 2015. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Suarez Mullins A. Observations and Modeling of the Effects of Waves and Rotors on Submeso and Turbulence Variability within the Stable Boundary Layer over Central Pennsylvania. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/27390.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Suarez Mullins A. Observations and Modeling of the Effects of Waves and Rotors on Submeso and Turbulence Variability within the Stable Boundary Layer over Central Pennsylvania. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2015. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/27390

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

4. Halliday, Hannah Selene. Benzene Observations and Source Appointment in a Region of Oil and Natural Gas Development.

Degree: 2016, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13177hsh5031

► Benzene is a primarily anthropogenic volatile organic compound (VOC) with a small number of well characterized sources. Atmopspheric benzene affects human health and welfare, and… (more)

▼ Benzene is a primarily anthropogenic volatile organic compound (VOC) with a small number of well characterized sources. Atmopspheric benzene affects human health and welfare, and low level exposure (< 0.5 ppbv) has been connected to measureable increases in cancer rates. Benzene measurements have been increasing in the region of oil and natural gas (O&NG) development located to the north of Denver. High time resolution measurements of VOCs were collected using a proton-transfer-reaction quadrupole mass spectrometry (PTR-QMS) instrument at the Platteville Atmospheric Observatory (PAO) in Colorado to investigate how O&NG development impacts air quality within the Wattenburg Gas Field (WGF) in the Denver-Julesburg Basin. The measurements were carried out in July and August 2014 as part of NASA’s DISCOVER-AQ field campaign. The PTR-QMS data were supported by pressurized whole air canister samples and airborne vertical and horizontal surveys of VOCs. Unexpectedly high benzene mixing ratios were observed at PAO at ground level (mean benzene = 0.53 ppbv, maximum benzene = 29.3 ppbv), primarily at night (mean nighttime benzene = 0.73 ppbv). These high benzene levels were associated with southwesterly winds. The airborne measurements indicate that benzene originated from within the WGF, and typical source signatures detected in the canister samples implicate emissions from O&NG activities rather than urban vehicular emissions as primary benzene source. This conclusion is backed by a regional toluene-to-benzene ratio analysis which associated southerly flow with vehicular emissions from the Denver area. Weak benzene-to-CO correlations confirmed that traffic emissions were not responsible for the observed high benzene levels. Previous measurements at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO) and our data obtained at PAO allow us to locate the source of benzene enhancements between the two atmospheric observatories. Fugitive emissions of benzene from O&NG operations in the Platteville area are discussed as the most likely causes of enhanced benzene levels at PAO. A limited information source attribution with the PAO dataset was completed using the EPA’s positive matrix factorization (PMF) source receptor model. Six VOCs from the PTR-QMS measurement were used along with CO and NO for a total of eight chemical species. Six sources were identified in the PMF analysis: a primarily CO source, an aged vehicle emissions source, a diesel/compressed natural gas emissions source, a fugitive emissions source, and two sources that have the characteristics of a mix of fresh vehicle emissions and condensate fugitive emissions. 70% of the benzene measured at PAO on the PTR-QMS is attributed to fugitive emissions, primarily located to the SW of PAO. Comparing the PMF source attribution to source calculations done with a source array configured from the literature returns a contradictory result, with the expected sources indicting that aged vehicle emissions are the primary benzene source. However, analysis of the contradictory result indicates… Advisors/Committee Members: Anne Thompson, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, William Henry Brune, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Anne Thompson, Committee Member, George Spencer Young, Committee Member, Guido Cervone, Outside Member.

Subjects/Keywords: VOCs; Benzene; Colorado; Oil and Natural Gas; Natural Gas; Emissions; Air Pollution; Air Quality; Wattenburg Gas Field; Source Receptor Model; Source identification; Atmospheric Chemistry; Positive Matrix Factorization

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APA (6^th Edition):

Halliday, H. S. (2016). Benzene Observations and Source Appointment in a Region of Oil and Natural Gas Development. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13177hsh5031

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Halliday, Hannah Selene. “Benzene Observations and Source Appointment in a Region of Oil and Natural Gas Development.” 2016. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed January 23, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13177hsh5031.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Halliday, Hannah Selene. “Benzene Observations and Source Appointment in a Region of Oil and Natural Gas Development.” 2016. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Halliday HS. Benzene Observations and Source Appointment in a Region of Oil and Natural Gas Development. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13177hsh5031.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Halliday HS. Benzene Observations and Source Appointment in a Region of Oil and Natural Gas Development. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2016. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13177hsh5031

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

5. Jimenez Sanchez, Jorge Giovanni. The Orinoco low-level jet.

Degree: 2018, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/15903jgj118

► The low-level jet over the Orinoco River basin is characterized using finer horizontal, vertical, and temporal resolution than possible in previous studies via dynamical downscaling.… (more)

▼ The low-level jet over the Orinoco River basin is characterized using finer horizontal, vertical, and temporal resolution than possible in previous studies via dynamical downscaling. The investigation relies on a 5-month-long simulation (November 2013- March 2014) performed with the Weather Research and Forecasting model, with initial and boundary conditions provided by the Global Forecast System analysis. Dynamical downscaling is demonstrated to be an effective method to better resolve the horizontal and vertical characteristics of the OLLJ, not only improving its diurnal and austral-summer evolution, the identification and location of low-level jet streaks inside the stream tube, but also in determining the mechanisms leading to its formation. The Orinoco low-level jet (OLLJ) is found to be a single stream tube over Colombia and Venezuela with wind speeds greater than 8 m s-1, and four distinctive cores varying in height under the influence of sloping terrain. The OLLJ has its maximum monthly mean wind speed (13 m s-1) and largest spatial extent (2100 km × 400 km) in January. The maxima mean wind speeds (13–17 m s-1) in the diurnal cycle occur in the early morning above the nocturnal inversion; wind speeds are a minimum (8–9 m s-1) in the late afternoon when a deep, approximately unstratified boundary layer is present. The momentum balance analysis performed in a streamwise- and crosswise-rotated coordinate system reveal that the OLLJ is the result of four phenomena acting together to accelerate the wind: a sea-breeze penetration over the Orinoco River delta and Unare River depression, katabatic flow down the Coastal Cordillera, three expansion fans from point wakes in topography, and diurnal variation of turbulent diffusivity. The latter, in contrast to the heavily studied nocturnal low-level jet in the U.S. Great Plains region, plays only a secondary role in OLLJ acceleration. These results suggest that LLJs near the equator may originate from processes other than the inertial oscillation and topographic thermal forcing. Advisors/Committee Members: Paul Markowski, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Paul Markowski, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, George Spencer Young, Committee Member, David Jonathan Stensrud, Committee Member, Andrew Mark Carleton, Outside Member.

Subjects/Keywords: Low-level jet; Orinoco River; Llanos Savannas; Dynamical downscaling; WRF; Colombia; Venezuela; Momentum balance; sea breeze; Unare depression; Katabatic flow; Bora; gravity current; density current; downslope flow; expansion fan; point wakes; supercritical channel flow; turbulent diffusivity; Planetary Boundary Layer; PBL; Atmospheric Boundary Layer; ABL; LLJ; OLLJ; Blackadar mechanism; Holton mechanism; inertial oscillation; topographic thermal forcing; Orinoco low-level jet; Llanos low-level jet; Llanos; Tropics; Tropical meteorology; Mesoscale meteorology; bore; Guiana Highlands; Eastern Cordillera; Andes; Coastal Cordillera; Merida Cordillera; Guanipa Mesa; Macarena mountain range; Colombian Air Force; Fuerza Aerea Colombiana; low-level wind shear; aviation; boundary layer; Austral summer

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APA (6^th Edition):

Jimenez Sanchez, J. G. (2018). The Orinoco low-level jet. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/15903jgj118

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jimenez Sanchez, Jorge Giovanni. “The Orinoco low-level jet.” 2018. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed January 23, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/15903jgj118.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jimenez Sanchez, Jorge Giovanni. “The Orinoco low-level jet.” 2018. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Jimenez Sanchez JG. The Orinoco low-level jet. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/15903jgj118.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Jimenez Sanchez JG. The Orinoco low-level jet. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2018. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/15903jgj118

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

6. Santellanes, Sean. Environmental Conditions Associated with Horizontal Convective Rolls and Cellular Convection.

Degree: 2019, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/17394srs434

► The general environmental conditions associated with horizontal convective rolls (HCRs) and cellular convection have been known for over 50 years. Yet, our ability to predict… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: meteorology; atmospheric science; atmospheric boundary layer

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APA (6^th Edition):

Santellanes, S. (2019). Environmental Conditions Associated with Horizontal Convective Rolls and Cellular Convection. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/17394srs434

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Santellanes, Sean. “Environmental Conditions Associated with Horizontal Convective Rolls and Cellular Convection.” 2019. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed January 23, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/17394srs434.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Santellanes, Sean. “Environmental Conditions Associated with Horizontal Convective Rolls and Cellular Convection.” 2019. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Santellanes S. Environmental Conditions Associated with Horizontal Convective Rolls and Cellular Convection. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/17394srs434.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Santellanes S. Environmental Conditions Associated with Horizontal Convective Rolls and Cellular Convection. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2019. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/17394srs434

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

7. Garner, Gregory George. Enhancing the value of air quality forecasts in the mid-atlantic region through use of ensemble statistical post-processing.

Degree: 2013, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/18694

► Ozone pollution posses a significant threat to the health and well-being of the denizens in the mid-Atlantic region through degradation of the local air quality.… (more)

▼ Ozone pollution posses a significant threat to the health and well-being of the denizens in the mid-Atlantic region through degradation of the local air quality. Decision-makers rely on air quality forecasts to produce informed decisions that reduce the emission of and exposure to pollution. In these decision scenarios, air quality forecasts provide value of information. To increase the value of air quality forecasts in the mid-Atlantic region, an ensemble statistical post-processor (ESP) is designed. An analysis of the current value of information provided by air quality forecasts establishes a baseline to which the forecast using the ESP is compared. Air quality forecasts produced by the National Air Quality Forecast Capability (NAQFC), human air quality forecasters, and persistence are evaluated for predictive skill and economic value when used to inform decisions regarding pollutant emission and exposure. Surface ozone forecasts and observations are collected from 40 monitors representing eight forecast regions throughout Washington D.C., Virginia, and Maryland over the 2005 - 2009 ozone seasons (April - October). The value of the forecasts are quantified using a decision model based on costs to protect the public against a poor air quality event and the losses incurred if no protective measures are taken. The results indicate that the most skillful forecast method is not necessarily the most valuable forecast method. Air shed managers need to consider multiple forecast methods when deciding on multiple protective measures, because a single measure of forecast skill can often hide the user's sensitivity to forecast error for a specific decision. Second, the next-generation numerical air quality model is assessed for value of information to determine a goal for the ensemble statistical post-processor. The NAQFC and an experimental version of the NAQFC (NAQFC-beta) provided flight decision support during the July 2011 NASA DISCOVER-AQ �field campaign around Baltimore, Maryland. Ozone forecasts from the NAQFC and NAQFC-beta� are compared to surface observations at six air quality monitoring stations in the DISCOVER-AQ domain. A bootstrap algorithm is used to test for �significant bias and error in the forecasts from each model. The NAQFC-�beta tends to produce an average background ozone mixing ratio of at least 3.51 ppbv greater than the NAQFC throughout the domain at 95% significance. The difference between the two models is significant during the overnight and early morning hours likely due to the way the Carbon Bond 5 mechanism in the NAQFC-beta� handles reactive nitrogen recycling and organic peroxide species. The value of information each model provides is tested using a static cost-loss ratio model. By standard measures of forecast skill, the NAQFC generally outperforms the NAQFC-beta�; however, the NAQFC-beta� provides greater value of information. Five of the six sites exhibit an increase of value between 20% - 70% at low cost-loss ratios when using the NAQFC-beta�. The NAQFC generally produces equal or… Advisors/Committee Members: Anne Mee Thompson, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Anne Mee Thompson, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, William Henry Brune, Committee Member, George Spencer Young, Committee Member, Klaus Keller, Committee Member, William F. Ryan, Special Member.

Subjects/Keywords: air quality; value of information; regression tree; bootstrap; extreme value; cross-validation

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Garner, G. G. (2013). Enhancing the value of air quality forecasts in the mid-atlantic region through use of ensemble statistical post-processing. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/18694

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Garner, Gregory George. “Enhancing the value of air quality forecasts in the mid-atlantic region through use of ensemble statistical post-processing.” 2013. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed January 23, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/18694.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Garner, Gregory George. “Enhancing the value of air quality forecasts in the mid-atlantic region through use of ensemble statistical post-processing.” 2013. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Garner GG. Enhancing the value of air quality forecasts in the mid-atlantic region through use of ensemble statistical post-processing. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/18694.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Garner GG. Enhancing the value of air quality forecasts in the mid-atlantic region through use of ensemble statistical post-processing. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2013. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/18694

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

8. Kowaleski, Alexander Michael. Novel Methods for Exploring the Limits of Tropical Cyclone Forecasting.

Degree: 2017, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/14550amk429

► Novel methods are employed to explore the limits of tropical cyclone (TC) intensity and to improve TC track and structure forecasting. Observations from 88 hurricane… (more)

▼ Novel methods are employed to explore the limits of tropical cyclone (TC) intensity and to improve TC track and structure forecasting. Observations from 88 hurricane passages are used to construct radial thermodynamic storm profiles. These profiles are compared to the idealized boundary layer in Potential Intensity (PI) theory. Data from 85 passages are used to calculate ocean-air enthalpy fluxes. Temperature decreases with decreasing radius, while moist entropy begins to increase with decreasing radius beyond the radius of maximum winds, especially for major hurricanes. Total enthalpy fluxes calculated using composite observed conditions differ substantially from fluxes calculated using PI theory idealizations, though the sign of the difference depends on the flux calculation method used. Modifying the (PI) calculation to account for energy production beyond the eyewall produces higher maximum intensities. The radial shape of the wind profile modulates the maximum intensity increase. For outer limits of energy production at 2-2.5 times the radius of maximum winds, PI can increase by more than 10 ms-1 over its standard value. These results provide a potential explanation for why individual TCs can exceed their potential intensity. Regression mixture-model clustering of TC forecast tracks from 30 120-hour forecasts of the ECMWF Integrated Forecast System ensemble produces interpretable partitions by direction and speed of motion across initialization times. Clustering synthesizes the forecast spread within the ensemble into a small number of representative trajectories. Clustering of track and Cyclone Phase Space (CPS) forecasts of Hurricane Sandy from four ensemble prediction systems also produces meaningful track and CPS partitions. Rand Index and Adjusted Rand Index calculations demonstrate a substantial relationship between track and CPS cluster membership. Storm-centered composites show that both track and CPS clustering yield substantial variations in structural evolution among clusters. Ensemble forecasts from the ECWMF and GEFS ensemble prediction systems are used to initialize an ensemble of regional simulations. Tracks and CPS evolutions from these simulations are then clustered using regression mixture models. Among this ensemble, there is a substantial relationship between track and CPS evolution of Sandy. This is due to extratropical transition (ET) timing and lower-tropospheric thickness asymmetry during ET. In the four most populous clusters Sandy develops a warm seclusion structure just prior to landfall; however clustering reveals subtle differences in the stage of storm-trough interaction at landfall. Advisors/Committee Members: Jenni Evans, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Jenni Evans, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, George Spencer Young, Committee Member, Fuqing Zhang, Committee Member, Francesca Chiaromonte, Outside Member.

Subjects/Keywords: tropical cyclones; potential intensity; ensemble forecasts; clustering

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Kowaleski, A. M. (2017). Novel Methods for Exploring the Limits of Tropical Cyclone Forecasting. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/14550amk429

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kowaleski, Alexander Michael. “Novel Methods for Exploring the Limits of Tropical Cyclone Forecasting.” 2017. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed January 23, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/14550amk429.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kowaleski, Alexander Michael. “Novel Methods for Exploring the Limits of Tropical Cyclone Forecasting.” 2017. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Kowaleski AM. Novel Methods for Exploring the Limits of Tropical Cyclone Forecasting. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/14550amk429.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kowaleski AM. Novel Methods for Exploring the Limits of Tropical Cyclone Forecasting. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2017. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/14550amk429

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

9. Lei, Lili. A Hybrid Nudging-Ensemble Kalman Filter Approach to Data Assimilation .

Degree: 2011, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/12441

► A hybrid nudging-ensemble Kalman filter (HNEnKF) data assimilation approach that effectively combines the advantages of nudging and the EnKF is proposed and explored in this… (more)

▼ A hybrid nudging-ensemble Kalman filter (HNEnKF) data assimilation approach that effectively combines the advantages of nudging and the EnKF is proposed and explored in this dissertation. It is first developed and tested in simplified models, the Lorenz three-variable system and a more realistic 2D shallow water model, with simulated observations, and then in a full-physics 3D mesoscale model, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, using real observations. The HNEnKF uses the EnKF to obtain a flow-dependent / time-dependent background error covariance matrix that can be used to compute a flow-dependent / time-varying nudging coefficient matrix. It also extends the nudging magnitude matrix to include the inter-variable influences of innovations via nonzero off-diagonal elements of the EnKF gain matrix. This additional coupling between the observations and the multivariate state may lead to a faster and more accurate adjustment of the background to observations than does traditional nudging. By use of nudging-type terms, the HNEnKF applies the EnKF gradually in time to achieve a more gradual data assimilation that greatly reduces the insertion noise common with intermittent methods such as the EnKF. Thus it combines the strengths of nudging and the EnKF while avoiding their individual weaknesses. In the Lorenz three-variable system, the HNEnKF promotes a better fit of an analysis to data compared to that produced by nudging. When model error is introduced, it produces similar or better RMS errors compared to the EnKF while minimizing the error spikes / discontinuities created by the intermittent EnKF. It provides a continuous data assimilation with better inter-variable consistency and improved temporal smoothness than that of the EnKF. Compared to the ensemble Kalman smoother (EnKS), considered to be a “gold standard” in statistical data assimilation methods, the HNEnKF has similar or better temporal smoothness with much smaller CPU time and data storage requirements. In the 2D shallow water model, a quasi-stationary wave case and a moving vortex case are used to investigate the data assimilation methods. The HNEnKF generally produces smaller RMS errors in both the height and wind fields than the nudging and EnKF applied separately. The HNEnKF also has better temporal smoothness than the EnKF and the more practical and computationally efficient lagged EnKS used in the shallow water model. The HNEnKF takes advantage of the EnKF by effectively reducing the RMS errors through the flow-dependent background error covariances, and also retains the benefits of the continuous nudging by reducing the RMS errors gradually over time. Moreover, the HNEnKF produces a smoother evolution of the ageostrophic wind without any strong discontinuities / dynamic imbalances around the observation time, while the EnKF exhibits large bursts in the ageostrophic wind after the observations are assimilated. The HNEnKF is further tested in the 3D WRF model with real observations using a Cross Appalachian Tracer… Advisors/Committee Members: David R Stauffer, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, David R Stauffer, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, George Spencer Young, Committee Member, Sue Ellen Haupt, Committee Member, Qiang Du, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: nudging; EnKF; insertion noise; hybrid data assimilation

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Lei, L. (2011). A Hybrid Nudging-Ensemble Kalman Filter Approach to Data Assimilation . (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/12441

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lei, Lili. “A Hybrid Nudging-Ensemble Kalman Filter Approach to Data Assimilation .” 2011. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed January 23, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/12441.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lei, Lili. “A Hybrid Nudging-Ensemble Kalman Filter Approach to Data Assimilation .” 2011. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Lei L. A Hybrid Nudging-Ensemble Kalman Filter Approach to Data Assimilation . [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/12441.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Lei L. A Hybrid Nudging-Ensemble Kalman Filter Approach to Data Assimilation . [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2011. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/12441

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

10. Srikrishnan, Vivek Anand. Markov-Switching Models for Probabilistic Solar Resource Assessment and Forecasting.

Degree: 2018, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/14991vxs914

► This work proposes and analyzes a Markov-switching autoregression model structure for joint probabilistic modeling of the beam and global components of solar irradiance, which are… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Solar resource assessment; solar forecasting; Bayesian statistics; Markov-switching models; probabilistic modeling

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APA (6^th Edition):

Srikrishnan, V. A. (2018). Markov-Switching Models for Probabilistic Solar Resource Assessment and Forecasting. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/14991vxs914

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Srikrishnan, Vivek Anand. “Markov-Switching Models for Probabilistic Solar Resource Assessment and Forecasting.” 2018. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed January 23, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/14991vxs914.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Srikrishnan, Vivek Anand. “Markov-Switching Models for Probabilistic Solar Resource Assessment and Forecasting.” 2018. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Srikrishnan VA. Markov-Switching Models for Probabilistic Solar Resource Assessment and Forecasting. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/14991vxs914.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Srikrishnan VA. Markov-Switching Models for Probabilistic Solar Resource Assessment and Forecasting. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2018. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/14991vxs914

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

11. Kolczynski, Walter Casmier. Evaluation of Linear Variance Calibration for use in Atmospheric Transport and Dispersion Forecasting .

Degree: 2011, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/12350

► Meteorological conditions are an important component in many important decisions, and an accurate estimate of meteorological uncertainty is required to make proper risk assessments. Ensembles… (more)

▼ Meteorological conditions are an important component in many important decisions, and an accurate estimate of meteorological uncertainty is required to make proper risk assessments. Ensembles of numerical weather prediction models are often used to quantify the meteorological uncertainty, but ensembles are subject to sampling error and model deficiencies that can make the measure of uncertainty, ensemble variance, not representative of the actual uncertainty, as quantified by the error variance. Thus, there is a need to calibrate ensemble variances to more accurately represent the actual uncertainty in the forecast. This dissertation examines and further develops the Linear Variance Calibration (LVC) method as a way to calibrate meteorological wind variances for use in atmospheric transport and dispersion predictions. LVC is investigated in three ways. First, an idealized stochastic model is developed and used to determine fundamental properties and identify the role of sampling error. Second, LVC is applied to real short-term (0-4 day) meteorological ensemble data and evaluated for a number of different conditions over a year-long period. Finally, calibrations are applied to meteorological forecasts and used for atmospheric transport and dispersion forecasts to assess the impact of calibration on these forecasts. The stochastic model shows that calibration is necessary for even “perfect” ensembles due to the sampling error created by using a finite-sized ensemble. The stochastic model also provides insight on the behavior of LVC parameters (slope and intercept). Application of LVC to real meteorological ensemble data from the NCEP Short-Range Ensemble Forecast shows that it performs well for most forecasts of 10-m above ground level wind. Calibrations calculated from real data show sensitivity to forecast lead time, season, time of day, and surface type (land vs. water). Results also show that calibrations calculated over a small geographic area may be suspect due to increased spatial correlation that lowers the effective sample size. Surface concentration and dosage forecasts that use calibrated meteorological wind variances from a meteorological ensemble generally have improved reliability and CRPS over forecasts using uncalibrated meteorological wind variances. Advisors/Committee Members: David Stauffer, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, David R Stauffer, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Sue Ellen Haupt, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, George Spencer Young, Committee Member, Naomi S Altman, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: calibration; post-processing; dispersion; AT&D; variance

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Kolczynski, W. C. (2011). Evaluation of Linear Variance Calibration for use in Atmospheric Transport and Dispersion Forecasting . (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/12350

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kolczynski, Walter Casmier. “Evaluation of Linear Variance Calibration for use in Atmospheric Transport and Dispersion Forecasting .” 2011. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed January 23, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/12350.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kolczynski, Walter Casmier. “Evaluation of Linear Variance Calibration for use in Atmospheric Transport and Dispersion Forecasting .” 2011. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Kolczynski WC. Evaluation of Linear Variance Calibration for use in Atmospheric Transport and Dispersion Forecasting . [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/12350.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kolczynski WC. Evaluation of Linear Variance Calibration for use in Atmospheric Transport and Dispersion Forecasting . [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2011. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/12350

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

12. Goodrich, Laurie J. Stopover ecology of autumn-migrating raptors in the Central Appalachians .

Degree: 2010, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10270

► Migration can be the most hazardous period of a bird’s life cycle. Conditions at stopover sites may influence individual condition, survival, and affect future reproductive… (more)

▼ Migration can be the most hazardous period of a bird’s life cycle. Conditions at stopover sites may influence individual condition, survival, and affect future reproductive potential and population numbers. Availability of suitable habitat for resting and feeding en route can be an important component determining the success of migration for many birds. In eastern North America, raptors follow two main corridors during autumn migration, the Atlantic coast and the Appalachian Mountains. In the Central Appalachians, the Kittatinny Ridge is a key autumn corridor for eastern raptors. However, little is known about how migrants use the ridge and associated habitats en route. To better understand migration behavior and habitat use by raptors along an inland flyway, I studied migrating raptors during autumn along the Kittatinny Ridge. My objectives included to assess the frequency of travel and stopover in individual raptors and document behavior during stopover to understand the role and importance of stopover in migration in raptors. I also studied which habitats were used by raptors during stopover and the frequency of use of the Kittatinny Ridge to determine the importance of habitat to raptors and whether a flyway corridor could be identified In one part of the study, I radio-tagged and followed 34 Sharp-shinned (Accipiter striatus) and 14 Cooper’s Hawks (A. cooperii) during autumn migration 2003 and 2004. Birds were trapped on the Kittatinny Ridge, and followed for one to 12 days each through Pennsylvania and neighboring states. Both species spent 1-5 days on stopover between travel periods (mean= 2 d.). Sharp-shinned Hawks spent an average of 33.6% of daylight foraging (+ 24.5 SD) and 32.6% of day roosting (+27.4), and Cooper’s Hawks spent 33.8% (+ 6.8) of day foraging and 47.2% (+26.2) roosting. Sharp-shinned Hawks spent less time roosting than Cooper’s Hawks; however, neither species differed in behavior by age, except that adults spent more time in non-migrating flight. On travel days, migrant Cooper’s and Sharp-shinned hawks spent an average of 45% and 35% of daylight in migratory flight respectively, reducing time spent roosting and foraging. Travel days were not strongly associated with cold front passage, but were associated with days of low cloud cover and for Sharp-shinned Hawks, northerly winds, and higher temperature. Travel time was longer on days with northerly (tail) winds for both species. The ratio of hours in travel to hours on stopover per bird during tracking was 1:7 (including night hours) suggesting that rest and foraging periods are an integral aspect of their migration journey. The two species traveled in different compass directions with Sharp-shinned Hawks flying to the southwest (mean= 216.5º +5.8 SE) and Cooper’s Hawks traveling more to the south (mean= 190.2º +8.3 SE). Direction did not vary by age, region, or date. Cooper’s Hawks spent more time per day traveling on migratory travel days than Sharp-shinned Hawks. Adult Cooper’s Hawks flew farther and faster on average… Advisors/Committee Members: Margaret Brittingham, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Margaret Brittingham, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Duane R Diefenbach, Committee Member, George Spencer Young, Committee Member, Richard Tucker Yahner, Committee Member, Christopher Barry Goguen, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: stopover; raptors; behavior; habitat use; migration; Kittatinny Ridge; Appalachians

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APA (6^th Edition):

Goodrich, L. J. (2010). Stopover ecology of autumn-migrating raptors in the Central Appalachians . (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10270

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Goodrich, Laurie J. “Stopover ecology of autumn-migrating raptors in the Central Appalachians .” 2010. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed January 23, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10270.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Goodrich, Laurie J. “Stopover ecology of autumn-migrating raptors in the Central Appalachians .” 2010. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Goodrich LJ. Stopover ecology of autumn-migrating raptors in the Central Appalachians . [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2010. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10270.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Goodrich LJ. Stopover ecology of autumn-migrating raptors in the Central Appalachians . [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2010. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10270

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

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Open Access Theses and Dissertations