+publisher:"Penn State University" +contributor:("Derek Elsworth, Committee Member")

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1. Fang, Zhicheng. Summer graduation.

Degree: 2017, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13082zxf113

► For tight unconventional gas reservoir formations, such as shale or coal, the transient ‘pulse-decay’ technique is a time-effective method to experimentally estimate the rock permeability… (more)

▼ For tight unconventional gas reservoir formations, such as shale or coal, the transient ‘pulse-decay’ technique is a time-effective method to experimentally estimate the rock permeability from the pressure versus time profile data. Currently the analytical solution of permeability that is derived based on the expression of simulated pressure profile has been widely used (Cui et al., 2009). However, this solution may lead to erroneous results because the assumption of constant gas properties is not always valid. Besides, the permeability solution is obtained by making simulated pressure profile and experimental pressure curve have the same late-time slope. In some cases, however, different pressure decay characteristics are observed demonstrating the huge differences between simulated and experimental pressure profiles and the invalidity of the permeability result. To overcome these limitations, in this study a new method of permeability measurement is designed. Finite difference method is used to solve the governing equation numerically and reproduce the experimental pressure profile. Pressure-dependent gas properties are incorporated in numerical simulation, and permeability is obtained when the differences between simulated and experimental pressure profiles are minimum. The minimum differences ensure similar pressure decay characteristics and can be quantified by the history-matching method. This new approach was tested by measuring permeability from pulse-decay experiments conducted on Illinois coal; the types of tested gases included helium, methane and carbon dioxide. The results show improved permeability values compared with the analytical solutions of Cui et al. (2009). Two factors contained in this proposed numerical approach result in the improvement: (1) be able to apply pressure-dependent gas properties; (2) using the whole pressure profile to capture the pressure decay dynamics so that improved gas permeability estimation can be provided. Finally, sensitivity analysis is carried out. It is found that the second factor is more influential in determining permeability in this study, and the numerically estimated permeability is not sensitive to porosity, Langmuir pressure and Langmuir volume, which is an advantage for the reliable permeability estimation through the pulse-decay technique. Advisors/Committee Members: Shimin Liu, Thesis Advisor/Co-Advisor, Chaopeng Shen, Committee Member, Derek Elsworth, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: Permeability; Pulse-decay experiment; Analytical solution; Numerical simulation; History-matching method; Pressure-dependent gas properties

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APA (6^th Edition):

Fang, Z. (2017). Summer graduation. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13082zxf113

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fang, Zhicheng. “Summer graduation.” 2017. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 17, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13082zxf113.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fang, Zhicheng. “Summer graduation.” 2017. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Fang Z. Summer graduation. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13082zxf113.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Fang Z. Summer graduation. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2017. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13082zxf113

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

2. Xi, Zhenke. COMBINING DECLINE CURVE ANALYSIS AND GEOSTATISTICS TO FORECAST GAS PRODUCTION IN THE MARCELLUS SHALE.

Degree: 2019, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16217zxx36

► Traditionally, in order to estimate the production potential at a new, prospective field site via simulation or material balance, one needs to collect various forms… (more)

▼ Traditionally, in order to estimate the production potential at a new, prospective field site via simulation or material balance, one needs to collect various forms of expensive field data and/or make assumptions about the nature of the formation at that site. Decline curve analysis would not be applicable in this scenario, as producing wells need to pre-exist in the target field. The objective of our work is to make first-order forecasts of production rates at prospective, undrilled sites using only production data from existing wells in the entire play. This is accomplished through co-kriging of decline curve parameter values, where the parameter values are obtained at each existing well by fitting an appropriate decline model to the production history. Co-kriging gives the best linear unbiased prediction of parameter values at undrilled locations, and also estimates uncertainty in those predictions. Thus, we can obtain production forecasts at P10, P50, and P90, as well as calculate EUR at those same levels, across the spatial domain of the play. To demonstrate the proposed methodology, we use monthly gas flow rates and well locations from the Marcellus shale gas play in this research. Looking only at horizontal and directional wells, the gas production rates at each well are carefully filtered and screened. Also, we normalize the rates by perforation interval length. We keep only production histories of 24 months or longer in duration to ensure good decline curve fits. Ultimately, we are left with 5,637 production records. Here, we choose Duong’s decline model to represent production decline in this shale gas play, and fitting of this decline curve is accomplished through ordinary least square regression. Interpolation is done by universal co-kriging with consideration to correlation between the four parameters in Duong’s model, which also show linear trends (the parameters show dependency on the x and y spatial coordinates). Kriging gives us the optimal decline curve coefficients at new locations (P50 curve), as well as the variance in these coefficient estimates (used to establish P10 and P90 curves). We are also able to map EUR for 25 years across the study area. Finally, the universal co-kriging model is cross-validated with a leave-one-out scheme, which shows significant but not unreasonable error in decline curve coefficient prediction. The methods proposed are easy to implement and do not require various expensive data like permeability, bottom hole pressure, etc., giving operators a risk-based analysis of prospective sites. While we demonstrate the procedure on the Marcellus shale gas play, it is applicable to any play with existing producing wells. We also make this analysis available to the public in a user-friendly web app. Advisors/Committee Members: Eugene C Morgan, Thesis Advisor/Co-Advisor, Derek Elsworth, Committee Member, John Yilin Wang, Committee Member, Eugene C Morgan, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: unconventional shale; data analytics; gas production forecast; decline curve analysis; geostatistics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Xi, Z. (2019). COMBINING DECLINE CURVE ANALYSIS AND GEOSTATISTICS TO FORECAST GAS PRODUCTION IN THE MARCELLUS SHALE. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16217zxx36

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Xi, Zhenke. “COMBINING DECLINE CURVE ANALYSIS AND GEOSTATISTICS TO FORECAST GAS PRODUCTION IN THE MARCELLUS SHALE.” 2019. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 17, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16217zxx36.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Xi, Zhenke. “COMBINING DECLINE CURVE ANALYSIS AND GEOSTATISTICS TO FORECAST GAS PRODUCTION IN THE MARCELLUS SHALE.” 2019. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Xi Z. COMBINING DECLINE CURVE ANALYSIS AND GEOSTATISTICS TO FORECAST GAS PRODUCTION IN THE MARCELLUS SHALE. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16217zxx36.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Xi Z. COMBINING DECLINE CURVE ANALYSIS AND GEOSTATISTICS TO FORECAST GAS PRODUCTION IN THE MARCELLUS SHALE. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2019. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16217zxx36

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

3. Kim, Soohyun. Membrane Transport in Cucl/hcl Electrolyzer.

Degree: 2013, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/19713

► In the Cu-Cl thermochemical cycle, several sequential chemical processes are employed to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. This dissertation focuses on the CuCl/HCl electrolysis… (more)

▼ In the Cu-Cl thermochemical cycle, several sequential chemical processes are employed to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. This dissertation focuses on the CuCl/HCl electrolysis phase of the cycle, which produces hydrogen gas via oxidation of CuCl(s) dissolved in highly concentrated HCl(aq), and reduces aqueous protons to hydrogen gas. Transport properties in the electrolyzer membrane were experimentally and thermodynamically investigated. In particular, the membrane characteristics, hot-pressing effects on ionic transport, the effects of membrane characteristics on the performance of the electrolyzer system and phenomenological modeling of transport properties via irreversible thermodynamics were carried out. Experimental research was carried out in three phases: In the first phase (1), several types of proton conducting polymer membranes were characterized and evaluated using single conductivity and permeability cell under a variety of conditions, and the effects of hot-pressing membranes were recorded. Initial testing of proton conducting membranes showed that single and double layer Nafion 117 membranes demonstrate higher proton conductivity than other types of proton conductive membranes. Hot-pressed Nafion membranes, such as the pressed double layer Nafion 117 membrane, demonstrated the highest selectivity (proton conductivity/copper permeability) after a hot pressing procedure. The main conclusions were that hot-pressed double layer Nafion 117 membrane could be a promising membrane by reduced copper cross over through the membrane and maintained high conductivity for electrolyzer test. Significantly improved stability of electrolyzer system with hot-pressed Nafion membrane was expected based on the results of membrane conductivity and permeability tests. In the second phase (2), CuCl/HCl electrolyzer performance was investigated using linear sweep voltammetry, hydrogen production, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and analysis of copper ion flux through the membranes. These investigations show that two aspects – lower copper permeability through membranes by hot-pressing, and high concentrated HCl(aq) catholyte and anolyte solutions – can overcome a substantial electrolyzer obstacle: Cu(s) precipitation at the cathode. Higher concentrations of HCl(aq) and CuCl(aq) in the anolyte can significantly affect the electrolyzer performance, especially membrane conductivity. Through the concept of the copper ion dissolved in the solution, the copper deposition can be prevented by increasing the concentration of HCl(aq) catholyte solution. Such enhanced MEA and electrolyzer system allowed the electrolyzer performance to improve and extend the period time of electrolyzer operating. By optimization of test conditions in electrolyzer, a significantly improved current density of 0.456 A/cm2 was observed at 0.7 V, using 2 mol L-1 CuCl(aq) in 6 mol L-1 HCl(aq) anolyte solution when hydrogen production efficiency remained high, over 95 %. In the final phase, a simple phenomenological model based on irreversible… Advisors/Committee Members: Serguei Lvov, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Derek Elsworth, Committee Member, Yongsheng Chen, Committee Member, Michael Anthony Hickner, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: Ionic Transport; CuCl/HCl electrolyzer; Hydrogen; Membrane; CuCl thermochemical cycle; hot-pressing; Phenomenological coefficient

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kim, S. (2013). Membrane Transport in Cucl/hcl Electrolyzer. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/19713

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kim, Soohyun. “Membrane Transport in Cucl/hcl Electrolyzer.” 2013. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 17, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/19713.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kim, Soohyun. “Membrane Transport in Cucl/hcl Electrolyzer.” 2013. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Kim S. Membrane Transport in Cucl/hcl Electrolyzer. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/19713.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kim S. Membrane Transport in Cucl/hcl Electrolyzer. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2013. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/19713

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

4. Ajayi, Oluwaseyi Adebola. Testing the Viability of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as a Fracking Fluid by Computing its Chemical Interaction with Illite.

Degree: 2017, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13670oaa5061

► In this study, supercritical CO2 (scCO2) was investigated as a hydraulic fracturing fluid by modeling the interfacial energy of scCO2 versus water with the common… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: molecular modeling; fracking; hydraulic fracturing; marcellus shale; supercritical CO2; illite; density functional theory; molecular dynamics; DFT; DFT-MD; scCO2; interfacial tension; interfacial energy; interaction energy; VASP; energy minimization

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ajayi, O. A. (2017). Testing the Viability of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as a Fracking Fluid by Computing its Chemical Interaction with Illite. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13670oaa5061

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ajayi, Oluwaseyi Adebola. “Testing the Viability of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as a Fracking Fluid by Computing its Chemical Interaction with Illite.” 2017. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 17, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13670oaa5061.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ajayi, Oluwaseyi Adebola. “Testing the Viability of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as a Fracking Fluid by Computing its Chemical Interaction with Illite.” 2017. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Ajayi OA. Testing the Viability of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as a Fracking Fluid by Computing its Chemical Interaction with Illite. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13670oaa5061.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Ajayi OA. Testing the Viability of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as a Fracking Fluid by Computing its Chemical Interaction with Illite. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2017. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13670oaa5061

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

5. Tugume, Fred Alex. THE PRECAMBRIAN CRUSTAL STRUCTURE OF EAST AFRICA.

Degree: 2011, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/12432

► ABSTRACT In this thesis, the Precambrian crustal structure of East African is investigated along with the crustal structures of three Cenozoic rift basins located in… (more)

▼ ABSTRACT In this thesis, the Precambrian crustal structure of East African is investigated along with the crustal structures of three Cenozoic rift basins located in the western branch of the East African Rift System (EARS). In the first part of the thesis, P-wave receiver functions are modeled using the H-k method to obtain new insights about the bulk composition and thickness of the crust for Precambrian terrains throughout East Africa. The average crustal thickness for all but one of the terrains is between 37 and 39 km. An exception is the Ubendian terrain, which has an average crustal thickness 42 km. In all terrains, the average Poissonâ€™s ratio is similar, ranging from 0.25 to 0.26, indicating a bulk crustal composition that is felsic to intermediate. The main finding of this study is that crustal structure is similar across all terrains, which span more than 4.0 Ga of earth history. There is no discernable difference in the crustal thicknesses and Poissonâ€™s ratios between the Archean and Proterozoic terrains, or between the Proterozoic terrains, unlike the variability in Precambrian crustal structure found in many other continents. In the second part of the thesis, a joint inversion of Rayleigh wave phase and group velocities and receiver functions was used to investigate the shear wave velocity structure of the crust and uppermost mantle beneath the Precambrian terrains of East Africa. In comparison with other areas of similar age in southern and western Africa where the same joint inversion method has been applied, I find that while there is little difference in the mean shear wave velocities for the entire crust across all of the Precambrian terrains, and also few differences in the thickness of the crust, there exists substantial variability in lower crustal structure. This variability is reflected primarily in the thickness of the lower crustal layers with shear wave velocities ≥ 4.0 km/s. This variability is found both within terrains of the same age (i.e., Archean) as well as terrains of different ages. In global studies of continental crustal structure, it is shown that high velocity (Vp ~ 7km/s and Vs ~4.0 km/s) lower crustal layers indicate the presence of mafic rocks, and that such layers are common in most Precambrian terrains. In contrast, my results show large variability in lower crustal structure between terrains of similar age within Africa, suggesting that making generalizations about the structure and evolution of continental crust based on global averages of the crustal velocity structure is difficult to do. The results of this study indicate that the local geological history of each terrain can lead to significant variability in crustal structure, making the use of global averages less representative of global processes than previously thought. In the third part of this thesis, forward modeling of receiver functions is used to investigate the crustal structure beneath three of the rift basins in the western branch of the East African Rift System (Lake Albert, Lake Edward and… Advisors/Committee Members: Andrew A. Nyblade, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Charles J. Ammon, Committee Member, S. Anandakrishnan, Committee Member, Derek Elsworth, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: Precambrian crustal structure; Receiver functions

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APA (6^th Edition):

Tugume, F. A. (2011). THE PRECAMBRIAN CRUSTAL STRUCTURE OF EAST AFRICA. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/12432

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tugume, Fred Alex. “THE PRECAMBRIAN CRUSTAL STRUCTURE OF EAST AFRICA.” 2011. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 17, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/12432.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tugume, Fred Alex. “THE PRECAMBRIAN CRUSTAL STRUCTURE OF EAST AFRICA.” 2011. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Tugume FA. THE PRECAMBRIAN CRUSTAL STRUCTURE OF EAST AFRICA. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/12432.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Tugume FA. THE PRECAMBRIAN CRUSTAL STRUCTURE OF EAST AFRICA. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2011. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/12432

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

6. Abaa, Kelvin Nder. Laboratory Investigation of Multiphase Permeability Evolution due to Fracturing Fluid Filtrate in Tight Gas Sandstones.

Degree: 2016, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/28869

► Injection of large volumes of fluids during fracture treatment may result in leak-off, capillary imbibition and trapping of the fracturing fluid filtrate in the pores… (more)

▼ Injection of large volumes of fluids during fracture treatment may result in leak-off, capillary imbibition and trapping of the fracturing fluid filtrate in the pores of the reservoir. The trapped fluid affects the mobility of hydrocarbons during clean-up and production. Additionally, the fracturing fluid filtrate near wellbore and fracture region is one of variable composition and can induce alterations in rock-fluid and fluid-fluid interactions. The concomitant changes in multiphase permeability during fluid invasion and clean-up is one that is not fully understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the role fracturing fluid filtrate composition has on the evolution of multiphase permeability during imbibition and drainage of the aqueous phase. In this work, multiphase flow of fracturing fluid filtrate in low permeability sandstones was investigated by means of laboratory experiments for three commonly employed fracturing fluids. The multiphase flow experiments were conducted using brine, helium and filtrate from various fracturing fluids in sandstones cores of different permeabilities. The alteration of rock-fluid properties and changes in interfacial tension in the presence of gas was determined by evaluation of the obtained relative permeability curves to both gas and liquid/filtrate phase. Experimental results indicate that there was a reduction in end-point and liquid phase relative permeability following imbibition of slickwater into the core sample. The liquid phase relative permeability decreases with increasing concentration of friction reducer (Polyacrylamide solution) present in the fluid system. Adsorption flow experiments with slickwater confirm the adsorption of polyacrylamide molecules to the pore walls of the rock sample and results in increased wettability of the rock sample. This process was found to increase liquid trapping potential of the rock surface. For linear and crosslinked gels, filtrate composition does not have a significant effect on liquid relative permeability during fluid invasion due to limited polymer invasion into the core. This study also investigated the effect of alcohol and surfactant used as remediation additives on multiphase permeability evolution with different fracturing fluid systems. Multiphase permeability flow tests were conducted to determine, understand and quantify the mechanisms that govern multiphase permeability evolution using alcohols and surfactants to remediate aqueous phase trapping. Methanol and two surfactant chemicals, Novec FC-4430 and Triton X-100 were used as remediation additives in this study. Results from multiphase permeability flow tests conducted with methanol indicated that the volume of liquid removed by displacement increases with methanol concentrations for all fracturing fluids. This is attributed to increased liquid mobility from addition of methanol during the displacement process. Interfacial tension does not contribute to multiphase permeability during the displacement phase. Additionally, friction reducer alters the flow… Advisors/Committee Members: Mku Thaddeus Ityokumbul, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Yilin Wang, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Derek Elsworth, Committee Member, Kwadwo Osseo Asare, Special Member.

Subjects/Keywords: Multiphase; Filtrate; Fracturing; Permeability; Sandstones

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Abaa, K. N. (2016). Laboratory Investigation of Multiphase Permeability Evolution due to Fracturing Fluid Filtrate in Tight Gas Sandstones. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/28869

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Abaa, Kelvin Nder. “Laboratory Investigation of Multiphase Permeability Evolution due to Fracturing Fluid Filtrate in Tight Gas Sandstones.” 2016. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 17, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/28869.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Abaa, Kelvin Nder. “Laboratory Investigation of Multiphase Permeability Evolution due to Fracturing Fluid Filtrate in Tight Gas Sandstones.” 2016. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Abaa KN. Laboratory Investigation of Multiphase Permeability Evolution due to Fracturing Fluid Filtrate in Tight Gas Sandstones. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/28869.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Abaa KN. Laboratory Investigation of Multiphase Permeability Evolution due to Fracturing Fluid Filtrate in Tight Gas Sandstones. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2016. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/28869

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

7. Huffman, Katelyn Allison. Understanding tectonic stress and rock strength in the Nankai Trough accretionary prism, offshore SW Japan.

Degree: 2015, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/27392

► Understanding the orientation and magnitude of tectonic stress in active tectonic margins like subduction zones is important for understanding fault mechanics. In the Nankai Trough… (more)

▼ Understanding the orientation and magnitude of tectonic stress in active tectonic margins like subduction zones is important for understanding fault mechanics. In the Nankai Trough subduction zone, faults in the accretionary prism are thought to have historically slipped during or immediately following deep plate boundary earthquakes, often generating devastating tsunamis. I focus on quantifying stress at two locations of interest in the Nankai Trough accretionary prism, offshore Southwest Japan. I employ a method to constrain stress magnitude that combines observations of compressional borehole failure from logging-while-drilling resistivity-at-the-bit generated images (RAB) with estimates of rock strength and the relationship between tectonic stress and stress at the wall of a borehole. This approach is commonly applied in boreholes, and has recently been applied to boreholes in the Nankai Trough. Although other methods of estimating tress magnitude exist (such as leak off tests, anelastic strain recovery, and focal mechanism or fault slip inversion), using compressional borehole breakouts allows for a characterization of stress with depth using commonly measured data. I use the method to constrain stress at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 808 and Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Site C0002. Site 808 penetrat¬es the frontal thrust offshore Cape Muroto in the toe of the prism in the rupture zone of the 1944 Nankaido earthquake, and Site C0002 penetrates the inner most, deformed portion of the accretionary prism ~30m from the trench above the megasplay fault that slipped coseismically in the 1946 Tonankai Earthquake (both magnitude 8.1+ with large, devastating tsunamis). At Site 808, I consider a range of parameters (assumed rock strength, friction coefficient, breakout width, and fluid pressure) in the method to constrain stress to explore uncertainty in stress magnitudes and discuss stress results in terms of the seismic cycle. I find a combination of increased fluid pressure and decreased friction along the frontal thrust or other weak faults could produce thrust-style failure, without the entire prism being at critical state failure, as other kinematic models of accretionary prism behavior during earthquakes imply. Rock strength is typically inferred using a failure criterion and unconfined compressive strength from empirical relations with P-wave velocity. I minimize uncertainty in rock strength by measuring rock strength in triaxial tests on Nankai core. I find strength of Nankai core is significantly less than empirical relations predict. I create a new empirical fit to our experiments and explore implications of this on stress magnitude estimates. I find using the new empirical fit can decrease stress predicted in the method by as much as 4 MPa at Site C0002. I constrain stress at Site C0002 using geophysical logging data from two adjacent boreholes drilled into the same sedimentary sequence with different drilling conditions in a forward model that predicts breakout width over a range of… Advisors/Committee Members: Demian Saffer, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Chris Marone, Committee Member, Donald Myron Fisher, Committee Member, Derek Elsworth, Committee Member, Maureen Feineman, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: Nankai Trough; in situ stress; unconfined compressive strength; borehole breakout; IODP; poroelastic FEM

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APA (6^th Edition):

Huffman, K. A. (2015). Understanding tectonic stress and rock strength in the Nankai Trough accretionary prism, offshore SW Japan. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/27392

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Huffman, Katelyn Allison. “Understanding tectonic stress and rock strength in the Nankai Trough accretionary prism, offshore SW Japan.” 2015. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 17, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/27392.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Huffman, Katelyn Allison. “Understanding tectonic stress and rock strength in the Nankai Trough accretionary prism, offshore SW Japan.” 2015. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Huffman KA. Understanding tectonic stress and rock strength in the Nankai Trough accretionary prism, offshore SW Japan. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/27392.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Huffman KA. Understanding tectonic stress and rock strength in the Nankai Trough accretionary prism, offshore SW Japan. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2015. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/27392

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

8. Salehikhoo, Fatemeh. Effect of Chemical Spatial Distribution of Magnesite on its dissolution Rate.

Degree: 2014, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/22828

► In this research, we systematically investigated the effect of spatial distribution of magnesite on its dissolution rate under different conditions of column length, flow velocity,… (more)

▼ In this research, we systematically investigated the effect of spatial distribution of magnesite on its dissolution rate under different conditions of column length, flow velocity, and permeability contrast. Running the column experiments under a broad range of conditions, we were able to find the conditions under which the effect of spatial distribution of magnesite mattered in determining column-scale dissolution rate. The flow-through column experiments were conducted in plexiglass laboratory columns packed with magnesite and quartz forming different spatial patterns. Uniform and layered distributions, the two common distributions of minerals occurring in subsurface, were chosen as the spatial patterns for our experiments. The uniform pattern contained a uniform mixture of magnesite and quartz and was referred to as the “Mixed column.” The layered patterns contained layers of magnesite distributed within the matrix of quartz. We studied the effect of the orientation of magnesite layers on overall dissolution rate. The magnesite layers were placed either transverse or parallel to the direction of the flow: “flow-transverse” and “flow-parallel columns.” In the flow-transverse column, a layer of magnesite was horizontally laid within the column. In the flow-parallel columns, cylindrical layers of magnesite were vertically placed in the column. To investigate the effect of the number of layers on column-scale dissolution rate, one, two, and three cylindrical layers of magnesite were placed in columns: “One-zone”, “Two-zone”, and “Three-zone” columns. The amount of magnesite was kept almost the same in all the experiments (10% v/v). All the columns were flushed with acidic brine (pH=4) at a series of flow velocities ranging from 0.015 to 36 m/d. Comparing the rates of the Mixed with the rates of the One-zone flow transverse columns under all tested conditions (three length scales of 5, 10, and 22 cm and a series of flow velocities ranging from 0.18 m/d to 36 m/d) the results showed that the column-scale dissolution rate of the Mixed column was always higher than that of the One-zone column. At different flow velocities, the column-scale magnesite dissolution rate varied between 6.40×10-12 and 1.02×10-9 mol/m2/s. When comparing columns of different lengths under similar conditions of flow velocity and spatial distribution, the dissolution rate was higher in the shorter column (5 cm). In the longest columns (22 cm), under medium flow velocity (3.6 m/d), the Mixed column showed 1.14 times higher dissolution rate compared to that of the One-zone column. This was the largest rate difference among the flow-transverse columns. For the Mixed and flow-parallel columns, we systematically quantified dissolution rates under different conditions of flow velocities and permeability contrasts. The column experiments were conducted on two sets of columns with different permeability contrasts. The sets contained Mixed column and flow-parallel Three-zone, Two-zone, and One-zone columns. The permeability contrasts between the magnesite… Advisors/Committee Members: Dr Li Li, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Dr Li Li, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Susan Louise Brantley, Committee Member, Derek Elsworth, Committee Member, Zuleima T Karpyn, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: Magnesite; Dissolution; Rate; Spatial Dirtibution

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Salehikhoo, F. (2014). Effect of Chemical Spatial Distribution of Magnesite on its dissolution Rate. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/22828

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Salehikhoo, Fatemeh. “Effect of Chemical Spatial Distribution of Magnesite on its dissolution Rate.” 2014. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 17, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/22828.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Salehikhoo, Fatemeh. “Effect of Chemical Spatial Distribution of Magnesite on its dissolution Rate.” 2014. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Salehikhoo F. Effect of Chemical Spatial Distribution of Magnesite on its dissolution Rate. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/22828.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Salehikhoo F. Effect of Chemical Spatial Distribution of Magnesite on its dissolution Rate. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2014. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/22828

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

9. Scuderi, Marco Maria. Mechanical properties of the seismogenic zone.

Degree: 2014, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/22440

► Understanding the processes that dictate the evolution of frictional strength during the seismic cycle is a central problem in characterizing the seismic potential of faults… (more)

▼ Understanding the processes that dictate the evolution of frictional strength during the seismic cycle is a central problem in characterizing the seismic potential of faults and in relating earthquake source parameters such as stress drop to recurrence interval and geologic and geodetic fault slip rates. Laboratory friction experiments provide insight into the mechanisms of fault healing, and results of these studies provide the fundamental underpinnings of the rate- and state-friction laws. Frictional healing is the mechanism(s) associated with fault restrengthening following failure, where time-, slip- and velocity- dependent processes dictate the evolution of real contact area at grain junctions within fault gouge. The objective of this work is to illuminate the micromechanics of frictional healing and the relation between mechanical and hydraulic properties of fault gouge. Four main dissertation chapters are combined with three additional collaborative works describing research on the fundamental processes that govern earthquakes and tectonic faulting. Chapter one is focused on the role of water during repetitive stick- slip frictional sliding, with particular emphasis on the grain scale mechanisms of frictional restrengthening. A micromechanical model for gouge deformation is developed, based on the interpretation of mechanical and microstructural observations. Chapter two describes the role of pore fluid pressure during earthquake nucleation and dynamic rupture. Experiments were performed on synthetic granular fault gouge under a range of hydrological boundary conditions from drained to undrained. The experiments demonstrate that when gouge layers are deformed under undrained boundary conditions, time-dependent strengthening and the magnitude of stress drop increase, when compared with drained conditions. I conclude that under undrained conditions, a series of feedback processes between pore fluid depressurization and stress enhanced pressure solution creep control time-dependent elasto-plastic deformation at frictional contacts. These observations have important implications for models of earthquake recurrence and for theoretical models of granular deformation. Chapter three was designed to investigate the relation between permeability and porosity across the brittle ductile transition in siliciclastic rocks, with implication for the up-dip limit of seismo-genesis along subduction zones. I find that permeability is dependent on the deformation style and strain localization. In the brittle regime shear localization along discrete bands can act as a barrier to fluid flow, modifying the hydrological properties and distribution of fluids. The possible generation of overpressures can lower the effective stress surrounding the shear plane and thus favor the nucleation/propagation of earthquake rupture. Chapter four describes work to examine the frictional stability and hydrological properties of natural serpentinite samples from the San Andreas Fault in central California. The aim of this work was to shed light on… Advisors/Committee Members: Chris J Marone, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Chris Marone, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Demian Saffer, Committee Member, Derek Elsworth, Committee Member, Peter Christopher Lafemina, Committee Member, Eliza Richardson Marone, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: earthquakes; friction; granular physics

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Scuderi, M. M. (2014). Mechanical properties of the seismogenic zone. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/22440

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Scuderi, Marco Maria. “Mechanical properties of the seismogenic zone.” 2014. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 17, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/22440.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Scuderi, Marco Maria. “Mechanical properties of the seismogenic zone.” 2014. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Scuderi MM. Mechanical properties of the seismogenic zone. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/22440.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Scuderi MM. Mechanical properties of the seismogenic zone. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2014. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/22440

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

10. Geirsson, Halldor. Crustal deformation and volcanism at active plate boundaries.

Degree: 2014, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/22550

► Most of Earth’s volcanoes are located near active tectonic plate boundaries, where the tectonic plates move relative to each other resulting in deformation. Likewise, subsurface… (more)

▼ Most of Earth’s volcanoes are located near active tectonic plate boundaries, where the tectonic plates move relative to each other resulting in deformation. Likewise, subsurface magma movement and pressure changes in magmatic systems can cause measurable deformation of the Earth’s surface. The study of the shape of Earth and therefore studies of surface deformation is called geodesy. Modern geodetic techniques allow precise measurements (~1 mm accuracy) of deformation of tectonic and magmatic systems. Because of the spatial correlation between tectonic boundaries and volcanism, the tectonic and volcanic deformation signals can become intertwined. Thus it is often important to study both tectonic and volcanic deformation processes simultaneously, when one is trying to study one of the systems individually. In this thesis, I present research on crustal deformation and magmatic processes at active plate boundaries. The study areas cover divergent and transform plate boundaries in south Iceland and convergent and transform plate boundaries in Central America, specifically Nicaragua and El Salvador. The study is composed of four main chapters: two of the chapters focus on the magma plumbing system of Hekla volcano, Iceland and the plate boundary in south Iceland; one chapter focuses on shallow controls of explosive volcanism at Telica volcano, Nicaragua; and the fourth chapter focuses on co- and postseismic deformation from a Mw = 7.3 earthquake which occurred offshore El Salvador in 2012. Hekla volcano is located at the intersection of a transform zone and a rift zone in Iceland and thus is affected by a combination of shear and extensional strains, in addition to co-seismic and co-rifting deformation. The inter-eruptive deformation signal from Hekla is subtle, as observed by a decade (2000-2010) of GPS data in south Iceland. A simultaneous inversion of this data for parameters describing the geometry and source characteristics of the magma chamber at Hekla, and geometry and secular rates across the plate boundary segments, reveals a deep magma chamber under Hekla and gives a geodetic estimate of the current location of the North-America Eurasian plate boundary in south Iceland. Different geometries were tested for Hekla’s magma chamber: spherical, horizontally elongated ellipsoidal, and pipe-like magma chambers. The data could not reliably distinguish the actual geometry; however, all three models indicate magma accumulation near the Moho (~20-25 km) under Hekla. The February – March 2000 eruption of Hekla gave another opportunity to image the magmatic system. In Chapter 5, I used co-eruptive GPS and InSAR displacements, borehole strain, and tilt measurements to jointly invert for co-eruptive deformation associated with the 2000 eruption and found a depth of approximately 20 km for the magma chamber, in accordance with my previous results. Telica is a highly seismically active volcano in Nicaragua. The seismicity is mostly of shallow (<2 km deep) origin, and shows a high variability in terms of the number of seismic… Advisors/Committee Members: Peter Christopher Lafemina, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Peter Christopher Lafemina, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Kevin Patrick Furlong, Committee Member, Charles James Ammon, Committee Member, Barry Voight, Committee Member, Derek Elsworth, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: crustal deformation; GPS; magma movements; eruption; volcanoes; earthquakes; hydrothermal systems; fault mechanics

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Geirsson, H. (2014). Crustal deformation and volcanism at active plate boundaries. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/22550

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Geirsson, Halldor. “Crustal deformation and volcanism at active plate boundaries.” 2014. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 17, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/22550.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Geirsson, Halldor. “Crustal deformation and volcanism at active plate boundaries.” 2014. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Geirsson H. Crustal deformation and volcanism at active plate boundaries. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/22550.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Geirsson H. Crustal deformation and volcanism at active plate boundaries. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2014. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/22550

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

11. Khurana, Sanchit. In Situ Diagnosis of Electrolytic and Fuel Cells using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy.

Degree: 2014, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/22781

► In situ EIS data are presented for the CuCl/HCl electrolyzer and Liquid Metal Anode Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (LMA-SOFC) operating under different conditions. The durability… (more)

▼ In situ EIS data are presented for the CuCl/HCl electrolyzer and Liquid Metal Anode Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (LMA-SOFC) operating under different conditions. The durability of the CuCl electrolyzer operating for 168 hours while maintaining the high current density of 0.3 A cm-2 under 0.7 V is reported for the first time. The impedance spectra of the cell, along with the polarization curves (V-I data), show the effect of operating temperature and contact pressure at the end plates of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). After the durability test, the potential required to maintain the cell at 0.3 A cm-2 increased from 630 mV of the fresh membrane electrode assembly (MEA) to 710 mV. The increase in the ohmic resistance of the membrane by 41 % was observed to be the primary cause of degradation. Starting from 0.6 Ω cm2, there was a small change in the ohmic resistance of the cell during the first 90 hours, followed by a significant increase of 25 %, and then attained a steady value of 0.85 Ω cm2. Simultaneously, a change in the decomposition potential was observed as it increased from 0.18 V in the beginning to 0.25 V at the end of testing. This is mainly due to the decrease in efficiency of the regeneration column and dilution of the anolyte solution over time. Further, the use of EIS in the through-plane conductivity cell proved to be a reliable and time-efficient method for evaluation new and existing membranes before testing in the electrolyzer. A liquid metal anode solid oxide fuel cell (LMA-SOFC) is constructed to study the kinetics and transport properties of the system. The behavior of the system is investigated by operating the cell as a metal-air battery while operating under argon, and as a fuel cell with hydrogen and coal as the fuel feeds. EIS signatures and OCP analysis provides insight into the reaction mechanism and indicate the formation of a SnO2 layer at the electrolyte/anode interface. The OCP of 0.885 and 1.117 V was observed for the coal and hydrogen powered fuel cell, respectively. The results show the gradual increase in efficiency of the reduction of SnO2 by using carbon and hydrogen as the fuels. The EIS spectra obtained for the hydrogen fed cell was a characteristic of the diffusion controlled systems and equivalent circuit modeling was used to calculate the oxygen diffusion coefficients. The effective oxygen diffusion coefficients of 1.9 10-3 cm2 s-1 at 700 ºC, 2.3 10-3 cm2 s-1 at 800 ºC and 3.5 10-3 cm2 s-1 at 900 ºC are similar to the published results. The resistance added by the SnO2 layer was the primary cause of degradation and further improvements in performance rely heavily on minimizing losses in the liquid Sn layer. Advisors/Committee Members: Serguei Lvov, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Serguei Lvov, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Derek Elsworth, Committee Member, Michael Anthony Hickner, Committee Member, Jeremy Michael Gernand, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: Fuel cells; batteries; degradation; CuCl electrolyzer; Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Khurana, S. (2014). In Situ Diagnosis of Electrolytic and Fuel Cells using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/22781

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Khurana, Sanchit. “In Situ Diagnosis of Electrolytic and Fuel Cells using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy.” 2014. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 17, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/22781.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Khurana, Sanchit. “In Situ Diagnosis of Electrolytic and Fuel Cells using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy.” 2014. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Khurana S. In Situ Diagnosis of Electrolytic and Fuel Cells using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/22781.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Khurana S. In Situ Diagnosis of Electrolytic and Fuel Cells using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2014. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/22781

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

12. Ghasemi Fare, Omid. Geothermal Energy Harvesting through Pile Foundations – Analysis-based Prediction and Performance Assessment.

Degree: 2015, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/25664

► Seasonal variation of ground temperature is insignificant below a shallow depth, usually couple of meters, from the ground surface and thus pile foundations are good… (more)

▼ Seasonal variation of ground temperature is insignificant below a shallow depth, usually couple of meters, from the ground surface and thus pile foundations are good candidates for harvesting geothermal energy through heat exchange with ground. Such piles are commonly known as geothermal piles, heat exchanger piles or energy piles. The great potential of environmental, social and economic benefits of utilizing shallow geothermal energy has made the use of geothermal piles quite popular in different parts of the world. The aim of this study is to assess and quantify the potential of heat exchange through geothermal piles with a view to promote efficient design of pile-anchored geothermal energy harvesting systems. Research objective is achieved through development of numerical models that employ finite difference solution scheme and simulate pile-soil heat exchange with different levels of accuracy. Developed models are validated through comparison of model predictions using available analytical solutions under idealized conditions, field test data reported in literature and data recorded during thermomechanical tests on model geothermal pile installed in dry and saturated sand. An annular cylinder heat source model, which simulates heat transport by the fluid circulating through tubes embedded in heat exchanger piles, is developed as a first modeling attempt. Results obtained from analyses using this model demonstrate that the use of a constant heat flux along the entire length of a heat exchanger pile may significantly misinterpret thermal response of the pile-soil system. The annular cylinder model considers one limb of the embedded heat exchanger element (i.e., circulation tube) and thus, can provide only approximate solution for real-life scenarios. Simultaneous heat transfer from both branches of an embedded U-shaped circulation tube is modeled next. Finite difference analysis (FDA) results are used to develop closed-form equations that can be used in calculation of power output from geothermal piles with a single U-shaped circulation tube. Parameter sensitivity study and advanced first order second moment (AFOSM) reliability analysis are performed to determine the hierarchy of different input variables in order of their relative impacts on heat transfer performance. The first two generations of models developed as part of this research consider heat transport (advection) by the circulation fluid and heat conduction in pile and soil surrounding it. While the model considering both branches of U-shaped circulation tube can predict field and laboratory test data with reasonable accuracy, some discrepancies were observed for predictions of heat transfer in saturated soil. Comparison of data recorded during instrumented laboratory tests on model geothermal pile installed in dry and saturated sand also indicated that heat convection through thermally-induced pore fluid flow within a saturated medium may further facilitate heat exchange through geothermal piles. This feature is incorporated in the developed… Advisors/Committee Members: Dr Prasenjit Basu, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Dr Prasenjit Basu, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Derek Elsworth, Committee Member, Tong Qiu, Committee Member, Dr Swagata Banerjee, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: Heat transfer; geothermal energy; heat exchangers; numerical ana

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ghasemi Fare, O. (2015). Geothermal Energy Harvesting through Pile Foundations – Analysis-based Prediction and Performance Assessment. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/25664

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ghasemi Fare, Omid. “Geothermal Energy Harvesting through Pile Foundations – Analysis-based Prediction and Performance Assessment.” 2015. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 17, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/25664.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ghasemi Fare, Omid. “Geothermal Energy Harvesting through Pile Foundations – Analysis-based Prediction and Performance Assessment.” 2015. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Ghasemi Fare O. Geothermal Energy Harvesting through Pile Foundations – Analysis-based Prediction and Performance Assessment. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/25664.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Ghasemi Fare O. Geothermal Energy Harvesting through Pile Foundations – Analysis-based Prediction and Performance Assessment. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2015. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/25664

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

13. Lei, Xiong. Characterization of Gas-Charged Porous Media from Joint Inversion of P/S- Wave Attenuation Based on OBS and/or Sonic Log Data.

Degree: 2018, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/15307xxl162

► Attenuation refers to the exponential decay of wave amplitude with distance. It is caused by energy-conserved factors (scattering or geometric dispersion), and inelastic dissipation (intrinsic… (more)

▼ Attenuation refers to the exponential decay of wave amplitude with distance. It is caused by energy-conserved factors (scattering or geometric dispersion), and inelastic dissipation (intrinsic attenuation) where energy is converted into heat. The intrinsic attenuation is frequency dependent and of interest to exploration geophysics, including application in wave propagation forward modeling, signal filtering, gas detection, full waveform inversion, and, as focused on in this dissertation, reservoir property estimation. We characterize gas reservoir by intrinsic attenuation inversion. The advantages of seismic attenuation inversion are that attenuation has a stronger relationship to hydraulic properties than velocity, and gas has more pronounced effects in terms of attenuation. The proposed methodology is easily extendable to oil and other types of reservoirs. The foundation of seismic attenuation inversion is the measurement of quality factor, Q, which is inversely proportional to attenuation. However, it is difficult to estimate Q from reflection data due to the presence of noise intervention, which limits its application. Many methods have been proposed for Q estimation mainly for VSP (vertical seismic profile), crosswell, or transmitted data. With this study, we extend those approaches to reflection data. However, the specific techniques to cope with the corresponding issues, comparison of the efficacy for different approaches, and a clear recommendation on which methods are the best to use under which circumstances are rarely presented. The first part of this thesis is dedicated to resolve these issues using synthetic seismic data. We focus on three frequency-domain methods: spectral ratio method (SRM), centroid frequency shift method (CFS), and peak frequency shift method (PFS). They are less affected by scattering interference compared with time-domain methods. For the three frequency-domain methods, five kinds of pre-processing procedures paired with them are tested. We first determine the optimal length of the window function (for seismic signal frequency transformation). Secondly, we find that a traditional FFT coupled with either the SRM or CFS methods works the best and about equally well in terms of Q estimation error under various levels of noise. A close second is a technique that involves the extraction of wavelets from the signal and their subsequent frequency transformation, again coupled with either SRM or CFS. It is noted that this technique is superior when dealing with thin layers because of its stronger capability of wavelet restoration. Additionally, we find that Q tends to be more accurately estimated for layers with higher attenuation. Moreover, the effective-bandwidth coefficients, which control the length of the effective signal participating in the Q estimation, from 0.2 ~ 0.4 are good values. Then, I show that the joint inversion of P- and S-wave quality factor (Qp and Qs) is powerful in characterizing gas-bearing porous media. Compared to the inversion of Qp alone, where a rock… Advisors/Committee Members: Eugene Morgan, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Eugene C Morgan, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Derek Elsworth, Committee Member, Hamid Emami-Meybodi, Committee Member, Sridhar Anandakrishnan, Outside Member.

Subjects/Keywords: Q estimation; Attenuation inversion; Quality factor; Bayesian inversion; Gas saturation; Porosity; Permeability; OBS; Sonic log

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Lei, X. (2018). Characterization of Gas-Charged Porous Media from Joint Inversion of P/S- Wave Attenuation Based on OBS and/or Sonic Log Data. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/15307xxl162

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lei, Xiong. “Characterization of Gas-Charged Porous Media from Joint Inversion of P/S- Wave Attenuation Based on OBS and/or Sonic Log Data.” 2018. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 17, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/15307xxl162.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lei, Xiong. “Characterization of Gas-Charged Porous Media from Joint Inversion of P/S- Wave Attenuation Based on OBS and/or Sonic Log Data.” 2018. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Lei X. Characterization of Gas-Charged Porous Media from Joint Inversion of P/S- Wave Attenuation Based on OBS and/or Sonic Log Data. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/15307xxl162.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Lei X. Characterization of Gas-Charged Porous Media from Joint Inversion of P/S- Wave Attenuation Based on OBS and/or Sonic Log Data. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2018. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/15307xxl162

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

14. Madara, Benjamin James. Laboratory Studies of Permeability Evolution: Roles of Fracture, Shear, Dynamic Stressing, and Reservoir Rock Properties.

Degree: 2018, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/15828bjm362

► Fault and fracture permeability-stability relationships continually evolve over the seismic cycle. Both static and dynamic changes in mechanical stresses can affect the fluid pressures and… (more)

▼ Fault and fracture permeability-stability relationships continually evolve over the seismic cycle. Both static and dynamic changes in mechanical stresses can affect the fluid pressures and vice versa. These changes can be potentially beneficial to energy production, as dynamic stressing has been observed to enhance reservoir permeability in natural and manufactured systems. However, both dynamic and static changes in stress have also been shown to destabilize faults, triggering earthquakes. It is clear a fundamental understanding of controlling mechanisms is necessary for safely enhancing reservoir productivity and understanding seismic hazard assessment. In this dissertation, I strive to illuminate the underlying mechanisms that govern permeability evolution, including transient changes in permeability associated with dynamic stressing and fault shear. While the relationships between fault slip, dynamic stressing, and permeability have been studied separately, little data are available on their combined effects. In each chapter, I present results from suites of carefully controlled laboratory experiments to investigate the effect of mode II fault failure and shear on permeability and poromechanical properties. In Chapter 1, I investigate the effects of dynamic stressing on highly porous reservoir rock, Berea sandstone, at various stages of shear displacement. I demonstrate that porous rock is sensitive to dynamic stressing only via fluid pulsing and that both reservoir permeability and sensitivity to dynamic stressing declines with shear. Chapter 2 extends this work into low porosity, low permeability reservoir rock, Westerly granite and Green River shale. Here I show that frequency of imposed fluid oscillations has the greatest control over permeability enhancement. Finally, chapter 3 focuses on friction and permeability responses across multiple reservoir rock types throughout the seismic cycle, simulated via Slide-Hold-Slide and velocity step testing. Here, I use in situ fractured samples alongside traditional, saw cut samples to highlight the effect of fracture roughness on the fluid response across varying rock mineralogy. This dissertation provides insight to the controlling mechanisms and data that can be used to predict reservoir behavior, including the feasibility of shear failure and dynamic stressing as reservoir permeability management techniques. I demonstrate that permeability-stability relationships evolve as a result of dynamic stressing and are dependent upon properties of the reservoir: porosity, fracture roughness, and stiffness as well as the properties of imposed dynamic stressing: frequency and amplitude. The evidence provided shows differing results from exercising the same mechanism when applied to different types of reservoir rock. Advisors/Committee Members: Chris Marone, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Chris J Marone, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Derek Elsworth, Committee Member, Sridhar Anandakrishnan, Committee Member, Shimin Liu, Outside Member.

Subjects/Keywords: permeability evolution; permeability; dynamic stressing; fracture; shear; permeability enhancement

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Madara, B. J. (2018). Laboratory Studies of Permeability Evolution: Roles of Fracture, Shear, Dynamic Stressing, and Reservoir Rock Properties. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/15828bjm362

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Madara, Benjamin James. “Laboratory Studies of Permeability Evolution: Roles of Fracture, Shear, Dynamic Stressing, and Reservoir Rock Properties.” 2018. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 17, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/15828bjm362.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Madara, Benjamin James. “Laboratory Studies of Permeability Evolution: Roles of Fracture, Shear, Dynamic Stressing, and Reservoir Rock Properties.” 2018. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Madara BJ. Laboratory Studies of Permeability Evolution: Roles of Fracture, Shear, Dynamic Stressing, and Reservoir Rock Properties. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/15828bjm362.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Madara BJ. Laboratory Studies of Permeability Evolution: Roles of Fracture, Shear, Dynamic Stressing, and Reservoir Rock Properties. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2018. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/15828bjm362

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

15. Yoxtheimer, David. UTILIZATION OF THE SQUARE ARRAY EARTH RESISTIVITY METHOD FOR CHARACTERIZING ANISOTROPY IN FRACTURED SEDIMENTARY ROCK.

Degree: 2019, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/17318day122

► Fractured bedrock aquifers are key sources of potable groundwater globally. Therefore it is important to characterize the presence and orientations of subsurface fractures that impact… (more)

▼ Fractured bedrock aquifers are key sources of potable groundwater globally. Therefore it is important to characterize the presence and orientations of subsurface fractures that impact groundwater flow in order to develop, manage and protect these critical water resources. A significant challenge in characterizing groundwater flow in a fractured bedrock aquifer is determining if anisotropic conditions exist. The square array method provides a means to estimate geo-electrical anisotropy, which can be useful when conducting hydrogeologic investigations including mapping fracture orientations, siting water supply wells, conducting source water protection programs, or mapping contaminant plumes. However, this method has not been previously tested to characterize the hydrogeology of folded and fractured carbonate bedrock overlain by conductive layers of soil and epikarst, nor for characterizing shale formations. In this study, the square array method is used to measure the change in electrical resistivity of the subsurface with respect to azimuth at six locations in the Cambrio-Ordovician carbonate bedrock aquifer of Spring Creek watershed and the shale formation underlying the Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory (SSHCZO), both located within the Appalachian Valley and Ridge Province of central Pennsylvania. The carbonate bedrock aquifer is mantled with residual soils consisting primarily of silt and clay loams of variable thickness (0 to greater than 10 meters) below which occurs an epikarst system that plays a significant role in shallow groundwater flow. The square array is used to characterize the carbonate aquifer’s bedrock strike- and fracture-related anisotropy and provide estimates of secondary porosity. The results show that the square array apparent resistivity data correlates well with known bedrock structure, in particular the resistivity minima for the deeper measurements (40- and 50-meter a-spacings) are coincident with the northeast-southwest orientation of bedrock strike and/or mapped fractures, where present. In addition, estimates of secondary porosity from the square array’s 40- and 50-meter a-spacings (range of 0.7-4.4% with a mean of 3.1%) generally compare favorably to independent estimates of bedrock structure and secondary porosity from outcrop measurements and groundwater level/streamflow recession data (1-5%). The results of this study demonstrate that the square array method can be used effectively in complex, fractured carbonate bedrock settings to characterize bedrock anisotropy and secondary porosity, which were field-validated based on bedrock outcrop structure and fracture geometry measurements. Previous square array studies have detected anisotropy and estimated secondary porosity in both carbonate and crystalline bedrock, however this research further validates the method by comparing field measurements to the square array data, and thus advances the method’s application. Geo-electrical anisotropy associated with inclined bedding planes and fractures in bedrock… Advisors/Committee Members: Andrew Arnold Nyblade, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Andrew Arnold Nyblade, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Derek Elsworth, Committee Member, Peter Christopher La Femina, Committee Member, Anthony Robert Buda, Outside Member, Mark E Patzkowsky, Program Head/Chair.

Subjects/Keywords: earth resistivity; square array; anisotropy; fractured bedrock; karst; hydrogeology; paradox of anisotropy

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Yoxtheimer, D. (2019). UTILIZATION OF THE SQUARE ARRAY EARTH RESISTIVITY METHOD FOR CHARACTERIZING ANISOTROPY IN FRACTURED SEDIMENTARY ROCK. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/17318day122

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Yoxtheimer, David. “UTILIZATION OF THE SQUARE ARRAY EARTH RESISTIVITY METHOD FOR CHARACTERIZING ANISOTROPY IN FRACTURED SEDIMENTARY ROCK.” 2019. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 17, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/17318day122.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Yoxtheimer, David. “UTILIZATION OF THE SQUARE ARRAY EARTH RESISTIVITY METHOD FOR CHARACTERIZING ANISOTROPY IN FRACTURED SEDIMENTARY ROCK.” 2019. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Yoxtheimer D. UTILIZATION OF THE SQUARE ARRAY EARTH RESISTIVITY METHOD FOR CHARACTERIZING ANISOTROPY IN FRACTURED SEDIMENTARY ROCK. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/17318day122.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Yoxtheimer D. UTILIZATION OF THE SQUARE ARRAY EARTH RESISTIVITY METHOD FOR CHARACTERIZING ANISOTROPY IN FRACTURED SEDIMENTARY ROCK. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2019. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/17318day122

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

16. Beck, Justin Richard. Electrochemical measurements of corrosion in supercritical CO2 environments.

Degree: 2012, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16264

► An electrochemical system was designed and assembled for performing corrosion measurements in supercritical CO2 environments. Initial testing with a parallel plate electrode probe found that… (more)

▼ An electrochemical system was designed and assembled for performing corrosion measurements in supercritical CO2 environments. Initial testing with a parallel plate electrode probe found that electrochemical measurements could only be performed if an aqueous phase was present between the electrodes to provide adequate ionic conductivity. Additionally, surface analysis of exposure coupons found that corrosion only occurred in localized regions where water had condensed or adsorbed onto the metal surface. These results led to the design of a flush mount probe that utilized an ion conductive membrane to provide electrolyte conductivity between the electrodes. This design allowed consistent measurements to be made without relying on natural wetting of the probe surface, which can be inconsistent and intermittent. Corrosion measurements were performed using linear polarization resistance, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and electrochemical frequency modulation. Samples were exposed to scCO2-containing environments until steady-state corrosion behavior was observed. It was observed with the prototype probes that the construction of the probe could have significant impact on the measured solution resistance and overall corrosion rate. Tests performed in supercritical CO2 at 50 °C and 10 MPa with 2000 ppm water vapor found corrosion rates between 10-4 and 10-2 mm y-1 for a black carbon steel sample. However, the charge transfer resistance measured using impedance spectroscopy was not found to vary greatly between probes. Kinetic corrosion rates using this value were between 0.05 and 0.1 mm y-1 for nearly all of the initial probes tested. Tests were also performed in the bulk aqueous phase saturated with scCO2 using probes with and without the ion conductive membrane to determine its impact on the corrosion process. Samples of X65 carbon steel saw overall corrosion rates ranging from 1 to 5 mm y-1, similar to what has been reported literature from weight loss measurements. Greater consistency was observed in the charge transfer resistance, with the kinetic corrosion rate for nearly all probes falling around 5 mm y-1. No major difference in behavior was observed between probes with the membrane coating and those with a bare surface. The final set of tests was performed with X65 carbon steel in scCO2 with 2000 ppm water vapor using probes with various membrane thicknesses. Both the overall corrosion rate and the charge transfer resistance were found to vary with the membrane thickness. Probes with thinner membrane coatings reported lower corrosion rates and larger solution resistance values. It is proposed here that the thickness of the membrane coating may have affected the thickness of the resulting aqueous film, with thicker membranes allowing for the formation of thicker layers of water on the probe surface. A reduction in the aqueous film thickness could have reduced the rate for replenishing carbonic acid in the water phase that is consumed in the corrosion process, which could have changed the solution pH and… Advisors/Committee Members: Serguei Lvov, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Serguei Lvov, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Derek Elsworth, Committee Member, Semih Eser, Committee Member, Barbara Shaw, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: electrochemical measurements; supercritical CO2; corrosion; ion conductive membrane

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Beck, J. R. (2012). Electrochemical measurements of corrosion in supercritical CO2 environments. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16264

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Beck, Justin Richard. “Electrochemical measurements of corrosion in supercritical CO2 environments.” 2012. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 17, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16264.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Beck, Justin Richard. “Electrochemical measurements of corrosion in supercritical CO2 environments.” 2012. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Beck JR. Electrochemical measurements of corrosion in supercritical CO2 environments. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16264.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Beck JR. Electrochemical measurements of corrosion in supercritical CO2 environments. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2012. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16264

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

17. Kaproth, Bryan Michael. The evolution of fault strength, permeability, and acoustic properties in experimental studies from fault initiation through the seismic cycle.

Degree: 2013, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/18995

► Within Earth’s crust, fault zones accommodate significant deformation and strain resulting from plate tectonics and other processes. Due to the hazards associated with fault slip,… (more)

▼ Within Earth’s crust, fault zones accommodate significant deformation and strain resulting from plate tectonics and other processes. Due to the hazards associated with fault slip, much work has been done to understand the factors controlling deformation style within these zones, which can range from quiescent aseismic slip to devastating earthquakes, such as the 2011 Mw9 Tohoku Oki earthquake. In particular, our understanding of processes like slow earthquakes and healing within fault zones remains unclear. Additionally, as fault zones develop they become highly differentiated from their parent material, as fault materials mix, break, rotate, and develop into fabrics. These changes, which vary with fault composition, chemistry, stress, and strain, can cause significant strength changes and permeability decrease. In particular, fault permeability can dictate regional fluid flow and may allow faults to act as petroleum traps and seals. Despite the importance of such faults, our understanding of their permeability evolution, especially in marine-sediment basins, is relatively poor. In this dissertation, I investigated the evolution of fault zones as they initiate and proceed through the seismic cycle. In particular, I studied the origins of slow earthquake slip, the mechanisms controlling deformation band formation, and the evolution of fault fabric and permeability with fault zone development. This work was predominantly conducted on laboratory fault zones in a biaxial forcing apparatus under conditions appropriate for fault development in Earth’s upper crust. In chapter 1, I present the first laboratory observations of repetitive, slow stick-slip in fault zone materials (serpentine) and mechanical evidence for their origin. In particular, we document a transition from unstable to stable frictional behavior above a threshold velocity of ~10 μm/s. Additionally, these events are accompanied by precursory elastic wave speed reduction (2-21%) that begins up to 60 seconds before failure, perhaps suggesting a reliable earthquake predictor. In chapter 2, I investigate fault zone evolution through the seismic cycle and as it initiates, documented via elastic wave speed measurements. These experiments were conducted on halite under conditions where pressure-solution is operative, and they show the interplay of elastic wave speed measurements with porosity and fabric formation. Indeed, these observations point to a new technique for non-invasive fabric observation within laboratory and natural fault zones. In chapter 3 and chapter 4, I also discuss fault zone initiation and development for two specific cases: deformation bands and clay-rich marine-sediment faults. Chapter 3 highlights deformation band formation through laboratory experiments, and shows that fault strengthening via shear-driven comminution is the likely mechanism limiting strain. I observe significant strengthening at low shear strains (e.g., γ < 5), and tie these observations directly to particle-size reduction. To accommodate fault-like strain, many… Advisors/Committee Members: Chris Marone, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Demian Saffer, Committee Member, Eliza Richardson Marone, Committee Member, Derek Elsworth, Committee Member, Charles James Ammon, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: Fault mechanics; Slow slip; Permeability; Fault strength; Fault fabric; Active seismic

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Kaproth, B. M. (2013). The evolution of fault strength, permeability, and acoustic properties in experimental studies from fault initiation through the seismic cycle. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/18995

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kaproth, Bryan Michael. “The evolution of fault strength, permeability, and acoustic properties in experimental studies from fault initiation through the seismic cycle.” 2013. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 17, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/18995.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kaproth, Bryan Michael. “The evolution of fault strength, permeability, and acoustic properties in experimental studies from fault initiation through the seismic cycle.” 2013. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Kaproth BM. The evolution of fault strength, permeability, and acoustic properties in experimental studies from fault initiation through the seismic cycle. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/18995.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kaproth BM. The evolution of fault strength, permeability, and acoustic properties in experimental studies from fault initiation through the seismic cycle. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2013. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/18995

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

18. Alexis, Dennis Arun. Evaluation of Fluid Transport Properties of Coal Bed Methane Reservoirs.

Degree: 2013, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/19091

► Determination of petro-physical properties of coal bed methane (CBM) reservoirs is essential in evaluating a potential prospect for commercial exploitation. In particular, permeability is the… (more)

▼ Determination of petro-physical properties of coal bed methane (CBM) reservoirs is essential in evaluating a potential prospect for commercial exploitation. In particular, permeability is the most significant rock property controlling the transport of natural gas to the wellbore. Specifically, relative permeability of coal to gas and water in the fracture network determines the ease with which immiscible fluids travel through the reservoir in the presence of each other and directly impacts the amount of hydrocarbons that can be ultimately recovered. Due to the complex and heterogeneous nature of coal seams, proper relative permeability relationships are needed to accurately describe the transport characteristics of coal for reservoir modeling and production forecasting. In this work, absolute and relative permeability of different coal samples were determined experimentally under steady-state flowing conditions. Multiphase flow tests were conducted using brine, helium and carbon dioxide as the flowing phases under different magnitudes of confining and pore pressures. Results indicate that effective stress (Confining pressure – average pore pressure) has a significant effect on both absolute and relative permeability of coal. With increases in effective stresses, the absolute permeability decreases. Effective permeability and relative permeability, as well as the cross over point and the width of the mobile two-phase region decrease as the effective stress increases. In addition, the mobile range of gas and water in the coal samples investigated corresponds with water saturations above 50%, irrespective of the base absolute permeability of the sample. In brine-carbon dioxide two-phase flow experiments, the effect of carbon dioxide adsorption was observed as effective permeabilities measured decreased in comparison to the helium-brine permeabilities at the same flowing ratios. Gas transport is restricted in the presence of water as significant water occupation is observed in the fracture network during the two phase flow tests and also evident from the magnitude of the effective and relative permeabilities. As a result, relative permeability characteristics of CBM systems were found to be insufficiently represented as sole functions of fluid saturation. In addition, laboratory measurements were used to conduct field scale simulations of primary recovery from CBM systems using variable, stress-dependent relative permeabilities. Simulation results show that methane recovery from CBM reservoirs can be overestimated when dynamic changes in relative permeability relationships are ignored. A multi-dimensional correlation between relative permeability, fluid saturation and specific surface area of the cleat network is proposed as a continuation from this work in order to account for stress-related changes in cleat network connectivity. Advisors/Committee Members: Zuleima T Karpyn, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Turgay Ertekin, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Yilin Wang, Committee Member, Derek Elsworth, Committee Member, Demian Saffer, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: Coal bed methane; permeability; relative permeability; effective stress

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Alexis, D. A. (2013). Evaluation of Fluid Transport Properties of Coal Bed Methane Reservoirs. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/19091

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Alexis, Dennis Arun. “Evaluation of Fluid Transport Properties of Coal Bed Methane Reservoirs.” 2013. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 17, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/19091.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Alexis, Dennis Arun. “Evaluation of Fluid Transport Properties of Coal Bed Methane Reservoirs.” 2013. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Alexis DA. Evaluation of Fluid Transport Properties of Coal Bed Methane Reservoirs. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/19091.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Alexis DA. Evaluation of Fluid Transport Properties of Coal Bed Methane Reservoirs. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2013. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/19091

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

19. Chai, Chengping. Multi-Objective Geophysical Inversion for Earth Structure and Earthquake Parameters.

Degree: 2017, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13834cxc754

► Earth structure and earthquake parameters are not only fundamental to earthquake studies but also critical to hazard assessment. Estimates of Earth structure and earthquake parameters… (more)

▼ Earth structure and earthquake parameters are not only fundamental to earthquake studies but also critical to hazard assessment. Estimates of Earth structure and earthquake parameters can help us attacking important scientific questions such as how the surface geology features relates to subsurface structure, what the relationship between the seismicity and subsurface structure changes, what is the crustal structure beneath polar ice, how reliable are our estimates of subsurface structure parameters, and how does earthquake rupture in a complex fault system. For Earth structure imaging, increasing station coverage provide large quantities of seismic observations. These observations are not free of noise and some suffered from scattering noise. We developed techniques to reduce scattering noise by incorporating observations from adjacent stations and to extract signals from deeper structure using better-determined shallow prior information. Multi-objective 3D inversions using the noise-reduced signals and complementary geophysical observations were conducted to produce reliable subsurface images beneath the western United States and the eastern United States. Stochastic inversions in the polar regions estimated both the first-order subsurface structural variations and associated uncertainties. Additionally, we applied a recently developed technique to relocate earthquakes in the off-Sumatra region. Reliably estimated Earth structure and earthquake parameters can advance our understanding of the correlation between seismicity and subsurface structure. In the meantime, earthquake hazard assessment can benefit from these newly calculated models and parameters. We also made efforts on improving the accessibility of our results. In the first chapter, I introduce the scope of the dissertation, challenges and opportunities in related study areas, and summaries of individual chapter. Future directions that may be approached based on studies in this dissertation are summarized in the last chapter. In the second chapter, we use P wave receiver functions from the western U.S. and adjacent regions to construct a receiver function wavefield interpolation scheme that helps to equalize the lateral sampling of the receiver functions and the surface wave dispersion and to greatly simplify the receiver functions. Spatial interpolation and smoothing suppress poorly sampled and difficult to interpret back azimuthal variations and allow the extraction of the first-order features in the receiver function wavefield, including observations from several ray parameter ranges. We combine the interpolated receiver functions with Rayleigh wave dispersion estimates and surface gravity observations to estimate the 3-D shear wave speed beneath the region. Speed variations in the 3-D model correlate strongly with expected geologic variations and illuminate broad-scale features of the western U.S. crust and upper mantle. The model is smooth, self-consistent, and demonstrates the compatibility of the interpolated receiver functions and dispersion… Advisors/Committee Members: Charles J. Ammon, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Charles J. Ammon, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Sridhar Anandakrishnan, Committee Member, Andrew Nyblade, Committee Member, Parisa Shokouhi, Outside Member, Derek Elsworth, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: Geophysical Inversion; United States; Antarctica; Sumatra; Earth Structure; Earthquakes

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Chai, C. (2017). Multi-Objective Geophysical Inversion for Earth Structure and Earthquake Parameters. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13834cxc754

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chai, Chengping. “Multi-Objective Geophysical Inversion for Earth Structure and Earthquake Parameters.” 2017. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 17, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13834cxc754.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chai, Chengping. “Multi-Objective Geophysical Inversion for Earth Structure and Earthquake Parameters.” 2017. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Chai C. Multi-Objective Geophysical Inversion for Earth Structure and Earthquake Parameters. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13834cxc754.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Chai C. Multi-Objective Geophysical Inversion for Earth Structure and Earthquake Parameters. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2017. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13834cxc754

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

20. Wang, Yi. Laboratory Estimation and Modeling of Apparent Permeability for Ultra-Tight Anthracite and Shale Matrix: A Multi-Mechanistic Flow Approach.

Degree: 2017, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13928yyw5108

► Gas production from unconventional reservoirs such as gas shale and coalbed methane (CBM) has become a major source of clean energy in the United States.… (more)

▼ Gas production from unconventional reservoirs such as gas shale and coalbed methane (CBM) has become a major source of clean energy in the United States. Reservoir apparent permeability is a critical and controlling parameter for the predictions of shale gas and coalbed methane (CBM) productions. Shale matrix and tight anthracite are characterized by ultra-tight pore structure and low permeability at micro- and nano-scale with gas molecules stored by adsorption. Gas transport in shale and anthracite matrices no longer always falls into the continuum flow regime described by Darcy’s law, rather a considerable portion of transport is sporadic and irregular due to the mean free path of gas is comparable to the prevailing pore scale. Therefore, gas transport in both anthracite and shale will be a complicated nonlinear multi-mechanistic process. A multi-mechanistic flow process is always happening during shale gas and CBM production, including Darcy viscous flow, slip flow, transition flow and Knudsen diffusion and their proportional contributions to apparent permeability are constantly changing with continuous reservoir depletion. The complexity of the gas storage and flow mechanisms in ultra-fine pore structure is diverse and makes it more difficult to predict the matrix permeability and gas deliverability. In this study, a multi-mechanistic apparent-permeability model for unconventional reservoir rocks (shale and anthracite) was derived under different stress boundary conditions (constant-stress and uniaxial-strain). The proposed model incorporates the pressure-dependent weighting coefficients to separate the contributions of Knudsen diffusion and Darcy flow on matrix permeability. A combination of both permeability components was coupled with pressure-dependent weighting coefficients. A stress–strain relationships for a linear elastic gas-desorbing porous medium under hydrostatic stress condition was derived from thermal-elastic equations and can be incorporated into the Darcian flow component, serving for the permeability data under hydrostatic stress. The modeled results well agree with anthracite and shale sample permeability measured data. In this study, laboratory measurements of gas apparent permeability were conducted on coal and shale samples for both helium and CO2 injection/depletion under different stress conditions. At low pressure under constant stress condition, CO2 permeability enhancement due to sorption-induced matrix shrinkage effect is significant, which can be either clearly observed from the pulse-decay pressure response curves or the data reduced by Cui et al.’s method. CO2 apparent permeability can be higher than He at pressure higher than 1000 psi, which may be resulted from limited shale adsorption capacity. Helium permeability is more sensitive to the variation of Terzaghi effective stress than CO2 and it is independent of pore pressure. The true effective stress coefficient can be found two values at low pressure region (<500 psi) and high pressure region (>500 psi). The negative value… Advisors/Committee Members: Shimin Liu, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Shimin Liu, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Derek Elsworth, Committee Member, Zuleima T. Karpyn, Committee Member, Ming Xiao, Outside Member.

Subjects/Keywords: Permeability Evolution; Analytical Modeling; Geomechanical Deformation; Unconventional Gas Flow; Laboratory Measurement

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wang, Y. (2017). Laboratory Estimation and Modeling of Apparent Permeability for Ultra-Tight Anthracite and Shale Matrix: A Multi-Mechanistic Flow Approach. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13928yyw5108

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wang, Yi. “Laboratory Estimation and Modeling of Apparent Permeability for Ultra-Tight Anthracite and Shale Matrix: A Multi-Mechanistic Flow Approach.” 2017. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 17, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13928yyw5108.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wang, Yi. “Laboratory Estimation and Modeling of Apparent Permeability for Ultra-Tight Anthracite and Shale Matrix: A Multi-Mechanistic Flow Approach.” 2017. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Wang Y. Laboratory Estimation and Modeling of Apparent Permeability for Ultra-Tight Anthracite and Shale Matrix: A Multi-Mechanistic Flow Approach. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13928yyw5108.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wang Y. Laboratory Estimation and Modeling of Apparent Permeability for Ultra-Tight Anthracite and Shale Matrix: A Multi-Mechanistic Flow Approach. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2017. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13928yyw5108

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

21. Miller, Victoria Louise. Crustal Response to Changes in the Magmatic System at the Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat .

Degree: 2011, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/12480

► This dissertation addresses the crustal response to the magmatic system beneath the Soufrière Hills volcano (SHV), Montserrat, using various seismic techniques. To facilitate a more… (more)

▼ This dissertation addresses the crustal response to the magmatic system beneath the Soufrière Hills volcano (SHV), Montserrat, using various seismic techniques. To facilitate a more robust interpretation of these results and other studies at similar crustal environments, we have also analyzed the seismic techniques typically utilized in such settings. In the first article of this dissertation I explored volcano-tectonic (VT) earthquake activity recorded during the onset of volcanic activity, from July 1995 to October 1996, at SHV. I have determined earthquake locations for 6605 events and focal mechanism solutions for select events to reveal the stress axes. I identified several zones of temporally-confined seismic activity that comprise assemblages of small scale structural elements, >2-4 km distant from SHV, at depths 2-4 km b.s.l. I suggest that the clustered seismicity and relatively aseismic zones reflect a broad weakened tectonic zone of ESE trend that crosses Montserrat, which is overprinted by the ascent of a magmatic dike of NNE trend. This event, which altered the stress distribution, promoted localized fault movements and dilatation, with resultant changes in pore-fluid pressures. Ultimately, depending on the local polarity of strain these events may have weakened or strengthened the rock mass. In the second article I have explored the limitations of focal mechanism solutions and identified methods to fortify their robustness by using three subsets of focal mechanisms with the best-quality determinations. One subset contains only the largest magnitude events. Two additional subsets, which were chosen for their tight temporal and spatial occurrence are part of the distal earthquake swarms located NE of the summit (NE) and at St. Georges Hill (SGH). I assume these two subsets were generated under consistent stress conditions. I propose that inconsistencies in the determined mechanisms for each subset may be due to uncertainties in the depth estimates, or real differences in stress due to crustal variations. I have used two approaches to determine the compression (P), intermediate (B), and tension (T) stress axes for the solutions at a range of hypocentral depths. These methods are successful in amplifying the signals of the dominating stress axis orientations. The dominating stress in the two focused clusters is that of extension; the NE subset has a T-axis orientated NW-SE, whereas the SGH subset has a T-axis oriented NE-SW. The P- and B- axes for both subsets are more variable. On the basis of these results we suggest that a local stress regime (generated by magmatic pressurization) is overprinting the regional stress regime. Finally, I examine the significance of a seismic pattern recently identified on Montserrat (termed VT-strings). I compare VT-string earthquake characteristics to other VT events to derive how they relate to the evolution of the volcanic system. In late 2007, the first observation of a VT-string sequence was made (7 November) consisting of a short-lived intense swarm of VT events.… Advisors/Committee Members: Barry Voight, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Barry Voight, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Charles James Ammon, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Sridhar Anandakrishnan, Committee Member, Derek Elsworth, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: locations; earthquake; volcano-tectonic; Montserrat; volcano; Soufrière Hills; focal mechanism; stress; VT-string

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APA (6^th Edition):

Miller, V. L. (2011). Crustal Response to Changes in the Magmatic System at the Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat . (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/12480

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Miller, Victoria Louise. “Crustal Response to Changes in the Magmatic System at the Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat .” 2011. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 17, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/12480.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Miller, Victoria Louise. “Crustal Response to Changes in the Magmatic System at the Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat .” 2011. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Miller VL. Crustal Response to Changes in the Magmatic System at the Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat . [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/12480.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Miller VL. Crustal Response to Changes in the Magmatic System at the Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat . [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2011. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/12480

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

22. Carpenter, Brett Matthew. Fault strength and stability: Lessons learned from the San Andreas Fault in central California .

Degree: 2012, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13204

► Although much progress has been made in our quest to understand the behavior observed by many tectonic faults questions still remain about the controls of… (more)

▼ Although much progress has been made in our quest to understand the behavior observed by many tectonic faults questions still remain about the controls of fault strength, stability, and slip behavior. In large part, this is due to new observations that have widened the spectrum of observed fault slip behaviors and recent technological advances that have allowed the sampling of faults from hypocentral depths. In addition, the debate over the apparent low strength of some large, plate boundary faults continues. In order to provide insight into the processes and controls that dictate fault strength and slip behavior, detailed laboratory investigations on samples of fault material, both outcrop and borehole, are necessary. Both material types are available for the San Andreas Fault (SAF) in central California where a borehole crossed the actively creeping fault at a depth of 2.7 km. I will use results from this case study to make larger determinations about the controls of fault strength and behavior. I evaluate the results of a large number of laboratory studies designed to determine, 1) the strength of the crust surrounding the SAF, a large, plate boundary fault, 2) the frictional behavior of materials returned from hypocentral depths, 3) the controls of the observed frictional behavior, and 4) the role of mineralogy in controlling the healing behavior of a variety of tectonic faults. The results of these experiments give great insight into the processes that control the mode of fault slip, which ranges from steady, aseismic creep to violent, seismic rupture. The San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) project is a fault zone drilling initiative that was undertaken to fully characterize the behavior of materials and determine in situ conditions of the San Andreas Fault in central California at hypocentral depths. Results from experiments designed to characterize material in the 3D volume surrounding the borehole indicate that crust surrounding the fault is strong. Samples of granodiorite, arkosic sandstone, and siltstone returned from the borehole, wall rock on either side of the fault, are frictionally strong (µ=0.56-0.66). These samples come from within ~2 km of the active fault strand. Additionally, the results from experiments on outcrop samples representative of the lithologies found surrounding the fault at depth also show frictionally strong behavior (µ=0.56-0.68). A sample of serpentinite, thought to abut the fault at depth, showed low friction, µ = 0.18-0.26, and velocity-strengthening friction, consistent with observations of fault creep. The implications of these experiments are that the crust surrounding the fault is strong, whereas material thought to be in (or involved) with the fault at depth is weak. To further investigate fault behavior, I performed experiments on well-located samples of cuttings and core returned from the SAFOD borehole at a vertical depth of 2.7 km. Material was recovered surrounding and from within 3 active faults penetrated by the SAFOD borehole. Two… Advisors/Committee Members: Chris Marone, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Demian Saffer, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Charles James Ammon, Committee Member, Derek Elsworth, Committee Member, Andre Niemeijer, Special Member.

Subjects/Keywords: friction; fault mechanics; San Andreas Fault

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APA (6^th Edition):

Carpenter, B. M. (2012). Fault strength and stability: Lessons learned from the San Andreas Fault in central California . (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13204

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Carpenter, Brett Matthew. “Fault strength and stability: Lessons learned from the San Andreas Fault in central California .” 2012. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 17, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13204.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Carpenter, Brett Matthew. “Fault strength and stability: Lessons learned from the San Andreas Fault in central California .” 2012. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Carpenter BM. Fault strength and stability: Lessons learned from the San Andreas Fault in central California . [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13204.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Carpenter BM. Fault strength and stability: Lessons learned from the San Andreas Fault in central California . [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2012. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13204

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

23. Christianson, Knut Andrew. Geophysical Exploration of Glacier Basal Processes and Grounding Line Dynamics.

Degree: 2012, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13869

► In order to accurately predict the reaction of ice sheets to climate change and their contribution to sea level, we must understand ice sheet dynamics… (more)

▼ In order to accurately predict the reaction of ice sheets to climate change and their contribution to sea level, we must understand ice sheet dynamics and incorporate these dynamics into prognostic models. Here we present observations and model results that aim to advance our understanding of the ice/bed interface of ice sheets and glaciers by examining possible grounding line retreat scenarios of a large marine-based West Antarctic glacier, investigating subglacial hydrology under a stable West Antarctic ice stream, and directly instrumenting the basal interface of Engabreen (a large, maritime glacier in northern Norway). First, we use airborne laser altimetry and ice-penetrating radar data to map the surface and subglacial topography of the grounding zone of Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica which is especially prone to the marine ice sheet instability as it is grounded up to 2.6 km below sea level on bedrock that deepens inland and is currently losing mass. Our results show that the glacier is currently grounded on a bedrock sill, that there is at least one more coherent, large amplitude bedrock sill ∼10 km inland from the current grounding line, and also that basal crevassing and high basal reflectivity persist several kilometers inland from the grounding line. This suggests that warm ocean water may penetrate beyond the grounding zone. We use a coupled 2-dimensional ice stream/ice shelf/ocean plume model to examine the sensitivity of the glacier to ocean melt by weakening the grounding zone via propagation of basal melt inland of the grounding line and reducing the strength of the glacier’s bed. The model results suggest that if basal melt occurs across a grounding zone, and not a single grounding point, the glacier is extremely sensi- tive to local topography and that a grounding zone wider than a critical bedrock bump size will allow rapid retreat of the glacier on the ∼500 year timescale. The critical size of the bedrock bump is dependent on the relative amplitude of other bedrock sills on the same flowline, but is as small as 6 km which is similar in size to the observed grounding zone on Thwaites Glacier. In the second portion of this thesis, we present the results of kinematic GPS and ice-penetrating radar surveys of Subglacial Lake Whillans, an active subglacial lake under Whillans Ice Stream, West Antarctica. The lake is manifested on the surface as a ∼15 m depression in its low-stand state. Radar imaging of the subglacial lake, although indicating wet conditions, is consistent with a water column depth of only ∼6 m. A steep ridge in basal topography that is coincident with a strong contrast in relative basal reflectivity (∼6 dB) appears to currently confine the lake. Mapped hydropotential shows that the lake cannot drain via a simple flotation model; however, an increase in water column thickness by ∼5 m is sufficient to allow drainage via a buoyant cantilever effect. Thus Subglacial Lake Whillans acts as a temporary water storage basin beneath Whillans Ice Stream. Finally, we present a series of… Advisors/Committee Members: Sridhar Anandakrishnan, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Richard B Alley, Committee Member, Peter Christopher Lafemina, Committee Member, Derrick J Lampkin, Committee Member, Derek Elsworth, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: glaciers; ice sheets; geophysics; ice-penetrating radar; GPS

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APA (6^th Edition):

Christianson, K. A. (2012). Geophysical Exploration of Glacier Basal Processes and Grounding Line Dynamics. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13869

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Christianson, Knut Andrew. “Geophysical Exploration of Glacier Basal Processes and Grounding Line Dynamics.” 2012. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 17, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13869.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Christianson, Knut Andrew. “Geophysical Exploration of Glacier Basal Processes and Grounding Line Dynamics.” 2012. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Christianson KA. Geophysical Exploration of Glacier Basal Processes and Grounding Line Dynamics. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13869.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Christianson KA. Geophysical Exploration of Glacier Basal Processes and Grounding Line Dynamics. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2012. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13869

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

24. Ahn, Chong Hyun. Development of hydraulic fracture network propagation model in shale gas reservoirs: 2d, single-phase and 3d, multi-phase model development, parametric studies, and verification.

Degree: 2016, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/28682

► The most effective method for stimulating shale gas reservoirs is a massive hydraulic fracture treatment. Recent analysis using microseismic technology have shown that complex fracture… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Hydraulic fracture; Shale; SRV; fracture complexity; fracture surface area

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ahn, C. H. (2016). Development of hydraulic fracture network propagation model in shale gas reservoirs: 2d, single-phase and 3d, multi-phase model development, parametric studies, and verification. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/28682

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ahn, Chong Hyun. “Development of hydraulic fracture network propagation model in shale gas reservoirs: 2d, single-phase and 3d, multi-phase model development, parametric studies, and verification.” 2016. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 17, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/28682.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Vancouver:

Ahn CH. Development of hydraulic fracture network propagation model in shale gas reservoirs: 2d, single-phase and 3d, multi-phase model development, parametric studies, and verification. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/28682.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Ahn CH. Development of hydraulic fracture network propagation model in shale gas reservoirs: 2d, single-phase and 3d, multi-phase model development, parametric studies, and verification. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2016. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/28682

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

25. Lee, Chung-Hao. PARAMETRIC STUDY OF FACTORS AFFECTING CAPILLARY IMBIBITION IN FRACTURED POROUS MEDIA.

Degree: 2011, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/11694

► Capillarity, gravity and viscous forces control the fluids migration in geologic formations. However, experimental working addressing the simultaneous action of these driving forces as well… (more)

▼ Capillarity, gravity and viscous forces control the fluids migration in geologic formations. However, experimental working addressing the simultaneous action of these driving forces as well as the impact of injection flow rate in fractured porous media is limited. Understanding how these variables affect fracture-matrix transfer mechanisms and invasion front evolution in fractured rocks are of crucial importance to modeling and prediction of multiphase ground flow. This study addresses the simultaneous influence of fracture orientation, rock and fluid properties, and flowing conditions on multiphase flow in fractured permeable media at laboratory scale. Displacement of a non-wetting phase (gas or liquid) by capillary imbibition was monitored using X-ray computed tomography (CT). Results were then mimicked using an automated history matching approach to obtain representative relative permeability and capillary pressure curves to further investigate the impact of matrix homogeneity/heterogeneity and boundary shape on the response of the imbibition front. Sensitive analyses, in combination with direct experimental observation, allowed us to explore relative importance of relative permeability and capillary pressure curves to saturation distribution and imbibing font evolution. Experimental observations combined with simulation results indicated the impact of fracture orientation on imbibition front evolution was minimal for the time- and length-scales considered in this investigation. While different injection rates and fluid types showed significant differences in the shape of the imbibing front, breakthrough time, and saturation profiles. The speed and shape of imbibing front progressions were found to be sensitive to matrix water relative permeability, capillary pressure contrast between matrix and fracture, and degree of rock heterogeneity. Results from this work also demonstrated conditions that favor co-current, counter-current, and the coexistence of both displacement mechanisms during imbibition. Co-current flow dominates in the case of water displacing air, while counter-current flow dominates in the case of water displacing kerosene. The balance of capillarity and relative permeabilities has a significant impact of the shape on the invasion front, resulting in periods of co-current and counter-current imbibition. This work presents direct evidence of spontaneous migration of wetting fluids into a rock matrix embedding a fracture. These observations and conclusions are not limited by the geometry of the system and have important implication for water flooding of naturally fractured reservoir and leak-off retention and migration after hydraulic fracture treatments. Advisors/Committee Members: Zuleima T Karpyn, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Zuleima T Karpyn, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Turgay Ertekin, Committee Member, Derek Elsworth, Committee Member, Yilin Wang, Committee Member, Kamini Singha, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: Imbibition; Computed Tomography; Fractures; Capillarity

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Lee, C. (2011). PARAMETRIC STUDY OF FACTORS AFFECTING CAPILLARY IMBIBITION IN FRACTURED POROUS MEDIA. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/11694

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lee, Chung-Hao. “PARAMETRIC STUDY OF FACTORS AFFECTING CAPILLARY IMBIBITION IN FRACTURED POROUS MEDIA.” 2011. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 17, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/11694.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lee, Chung-Hao. “PARAMETRIC STUDY OF FACTORS AFFECTING CAPILLARY IMBIBITION IN FRACTURED POROUS MEDIA.” 2011. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Lee C. PARAMETRIC STUDY OF FACTORS AFFECTING CAPILLARY IMBIBITION IN FRACTURED POROUS MEDIA. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/11694.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Lee C. PARAMETRIC STUDY OF FACTORS AFFECTING CAPILLARY IMBIBITION IN FRACTURED POROUS MEDIA. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2011. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/11694

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

26. Morell, Kristin Diane. LATE MIOCENE TO RECENT ARC-FOREARC RESPONSE TO PLATE TECTONICS SURROUNDING THE PANAMA TRIPLE JUNCTION, SOUTHERN CENTRAL AMERICA .

Degree: 2011, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/11773

► This dissertation explores how the changing plate tectonics surrounding the Panama (CO-NZ-CA) Triple Junction along the southern Central American Convergent Margin has affected the evolution… (more)

▼ This dissertation explores how the changing plate tectonics surrounding the Panama (CO-NZ-CA) Triple Junction along the southern Central American Convergent Margin has affected the evolution of the upper plate of this system since the Middle Miocene, with a focus on study areas in the arc, inner forearc and outer forearc regions inboard of the triple junction. New structural and geomorphic analyses on the Burica peninsula, an outer forearc peninsula located only ~100 km inboard the Panama Triple Junction, reveal that the peninsula is dominated primarily by contractional deformation along three listric thrust faults that root in the underlying plate boundary. The geometry and spatial distribution of these thrusts indicate that this deformation occurs primarily in response to the change in crustal thickness occurring as a result of eastern migration of the flank of the Cocos Ridge coeval with migration of the Panama Triple Junction at a rate of ~55 mm/yr to the southeast. Mapping and detailed elevation surveys reveal eight marine terraces on the peninsula with a distribution of inner edge elevations indicating that uplift is spatially uniform from north to south along-strike in this area. Age control provided by 14C, OSL and soil chronosequences indicate that the terraces within the easternmost portion of the peninsula range in age from Marine Isotope Stage (MIS)-3 to Holocene, a result that indicates that this portion of the peninsula is younger than ~60 ka. Time-averaged uplift rates calculated from marine terraces and other Quaternary marine deposits yield consistent uplift rates that range between 2.1 +/- 0.1 to 7.7 +/- 0.5 mm/yr for samples older than 1 ka and between 6.9 +/- 1.0 to 19.3 +/- 8.0 mm/yr for samples younger than 1 ka. We interpret this temporal distribution in uplift rates to suggest that the 8 terraces preserved on the peninsula are produced co-seismically wherein the anomalously high uplift rates calculated from the youngest samples (< 1 ka) are not yet averaged over a complete seismic cycle. These observations, combined with 1) shortening estimates from balanced cross-sections indicating that minimum shortening decreases from northwest to southeast as well as 2) the observation of growth strata within the youngest marine units, are consistent with a space-for-time model for triple junction migration. New geomorphic and longitudinal profile analyses combined with revised plate reconstruction models provide a new perspective with which to view the evolution of the Central American volcanic arc. We identify a low-relief surface in the northeastern flanks of the Cordillera de Talamanca, the late Miocene volcanic arc of southern Costa Rica, which, combined with longitudinal profile analyses, suggests the existence of a transient landscape within this region. Rock uplift calculations based on channel reconstruction by extrapolation of the current low-relief surface estimate that the rock uplift associated with this transient is on the order of ~2 km since the inception of the transient. Our… Advisors/Committee Members: Donald F Isher, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Donald Myron Fisher, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Eric Kirby, Committee Member, Derek Elsworth, Committee Member, Peter Christopher Lafemina, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: Panama Triple Junction; neotectonics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Morell, K. D. (2011). LATE MIOCENE TO RECENT ARC-FOREARC RESPONSE TO PLATE TECTONICS SURROUNDING THE PANAMA TRIPLE JUNCTION, SOUTHERN CENTRAL AMERICA . (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/11773

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Morell, Kristin Diane. “LATE MIOCENE TO RECENT ARC-FOREARC RESPONSE TO PLATE TECTONICS SURROUNDING THE PANAMA TRIPLE JUNCTION, SOUTHERN CENTRAL AMERICA .” 2011. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 17, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/11773.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Morell, Kristin Diane. “LATE MIOCENE TO RECENT ARC-FOREARC RESPONSE TO PLATE TECTONICS SURROUNDING THE PANAMA TRIPLE JUNCTION, SOUTHERN CENTRAL AMERICA .” 2011. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Morell KD. LATE MIOCENE TO RECENT ARC-FOREARC RESPONSE TO PLATE TECTONICS SURROUNDING THE PANAMA TRIPLE JUNCTION, SOUTHERN CENTRAL AMERICA . [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/11773.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Morell KD. LATE MIOCENE TO RECENT ARC-FOREARC RESPONSE TO PLATE TECTONICS SURROUNDING THE PANAMA TRIPLE JUNCTION, SOUTHERN CENTRAL AMERICA . [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2011. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/11773

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

27. Sevilla, Winchelle Ian. Seismic velocity variations under island arcs: examples from the Philippines and Montserrat (Lesser Antilles) .

Degree: 2011, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10285

► Island arcs are geologically active and important structures. From a short-term perspective, they are a major source of seismic and volcanic hazards. From a longer-term… (more)

▼ Island arcs are geologically active and important structures. From a short-term perspective, they are a major source of seismic and volcanic hazards. From a longer-term perspective, arc processes are most likely a key component in the production of continental lithosphere. They are also the focus of numerous Geoscience investigations. In this thesis I investigate the seismic structure of island arcs at a regional (hundreds of kilometer) and a local (10's of km) scale. My goal in this work is to contribute to our efforts to understand the origin and evolution of these geologically important structures. I focus seismic imaging methods on two regions, the Philippine Island region and the northern Lesser Antilles island of Montserrat. The Philippine Island Arc (PIA) is commonly regarded as a complex structure in which subduction zones border its sides and the intra-arc, sinistral Philippine Fault System transects throughout its length. The arc is seismically active and volcanic activity spans almost the entire arc. While several studies provide a wealth of information on the tectonic and the geodynamic settings of PIA, few have looked carefully into the subsurface because they were limited by the availability of digital seismic data. For this reason, important data gaps exist, in particular the details of the subsurface seismic velocity structure. The recent deployments of relatively dense digital seismic stations offer an opportunity to conduct a detailed study on the arc's velocity structure. Data from this new seismic network are used to determine the three-dimensional (3-D) velocity structure of the PIA by applying the P–wave travel time tomography. A broad distribution of source depths and the arc-wide distribution of seismic stations allow tomographic imaging of structures down to 450 km depth with spatial resolution of about ~50 km resolution. The prominent features of the tomographic images include the low velocity zones correlating with the overlying volcanic structures and high velocity zones that more or less coincide with the Wadati-Benioff zones of the subduction zones. The slabs are imaged as 2–6% faster than the mantle velocity values of the IASP91 model. They commonly extend deeper than the seismicity suggesting that they penetrate aseismically to greater depths. Shallow low-velocity anomalies correlate with the fore-arc and intra-arc basins, in the mantle wedge at the top of the slabs, deep in the upper mantle, as well as the segments of the Philippine Fault Zones. Images of island arc structure are generally limited to the high, narrow frequency bands employed in active-source seismic experiments or smoothed over substantially in low-frequency global and regional tomography. A second focus of the work in this thesis is the imaging the regional– and local–scale structure of an active arc, the island of Montserrat, located in the northern Lesser Antilles arc. I use receiver functions and local-earthquake generated P-wave arrival times to estimate the first-order subsurface seismic structure in the… Advisors/Committee Members: Charles James Ammon, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Charles James Ammon, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Maureen Feineman, Committee Member, Barry Voight, Committee Member, Derek Elsworth, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: subduction zones; Philippines; Montserrat; tomography; receiver functions; island arcs

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Sevilla, W. I. (2011). Seismic velocity variations under island arcs: examples from the Philippines and Montserrat (Lesser Antilles) . (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10285

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sevilla, Winchelle Ian. “Seismic velocity variations under island arcs: examples from the Philippines and Montserrat (Lesser Antilles) .” 2011. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 17, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10285.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sevilla, Winchelle Ian. “Seismic velocity variations under island arcs: examples from the Philippines and Montserrat (Lesser Antilles) .” 2011. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Sevilla WI. Seismic velocity variations under island arcs: examples from the Philippines and Montserrat (Lesser Antilles) . [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10285.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Sevilla WI. Seismic velocity variations under island arcs: examples from the Philippines and Montserrat (Lesser Antilles) . [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2011. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10285

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

28. Craddock, William Howard. Structural and geomorphic evolution of the Gonghe basin complex, northeastern Tibet: Implications for the timing of plateau growth.

Degree: 2011, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/11728

► Reconstructing the kinematic history of the outward expansion of the Tibetan plateau is central to ongoing debates over the geodynamics of continental plateau growth and… (more)

▼ Reconstructing the kinematic history of the outward expansion of the Tibetan plateau is central to ongoing debates over the geodynamics of continental plateau growth and the manner in which the growth of high topography shapes the earth’s climate. For the broad northeastern margin of the plateau, disagreement exists over the timing, magnitude, rate, and style of contractional deformation in the upper crust. I present four field based studies from the Gonghe basin complex in the regions interior which bear on these issues. First, I document regionally extensive contractional deformation across a broad swath of interior northeastern Tibet (the Anyemaqen Shan and west Qinling Shan) during the Cretaceous, thereby providing evidence for pre-Cenozoic crustal thickening of the region. Second, I show that although northeastern Tibet may have experienced contractional tectonism during the early Tertiary, this episode appears to be confined to regions near the plateau edge (e.g. the west Qinling fault and the western Qaidam basin) and is not apparent in the intervening region. Third, I add new evidence from interior northeastern Tibet (the Gonghe basin region) to a growing body of work that points to a rapid change in structural style and depositional patterns across the entire plateau margin during the late Miocene, from slow sedimentation in broad basins, to rapid sedimentation in narrow, structurally bounded basins. Fourth, I show that upper crustal shortening since the late Miocene has been small, on the order of 4%, along a 350 km profile in interior northeastern Tibet. Fifth, I show that fault networks in the region sole into decollements at deep levels (10s of km) in the crust, analogous to other intracontinental mountain ranges such as the Laramide ranges in the western United States, or the Sierra Pampeanas of Argentina. Finally, I reconstruct the time-transgressive incision of the Yellow River during the Quaternary. Canyon incision lagged the onset of mountain building in the Miocene by nearly ~10 Ma, and spatiotemporal patterns of incision suggest that it resulted drainage basin integration around northeastern Tibet. Advisors/Committee Members: Eric Kirby, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Eric Kirby, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Rudy L Slingerland, Committee Member, Donald Myron Fisher, Committee Member, Derek Elsworth, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: tectonics; geology; geomorphology; geochronology; Tibetan plateau; Gonghe basin complex; Jungong basin; Yellow River; geodynamics; stratigraphy; structural geology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Craddock, W. H. (2011). Structural and geomorphic evolution of the Gonghe basin complex, northeastern Tibet: Implications for the timing of plateau growth. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/11728

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Craddock, William Howard. “Structural and geomorphic evolution of the Gonghe basin complex, northeastern Tibet: Implications for the timing of plateau growth.” 2011. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 17, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/11728.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Craddock, William Howard. “Structural and geomorphic evolution of the Gonghe basin complex, northeastern Tibet: Implications for the timing of plateau growth.” 2011. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Craddock WH. Structural and geomorphic evolution of the Gonghe basin complex, northeastern Tibet: Implications for the timing of plateau growth. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/11728.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Craddock WH. Structural and geomorphic evolution of the Gonghe basin complex, northeastern Tibet: Implications for the timing of plateau growth. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2011. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/11728

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

29. Wu, Xinli. LOAD TRANSFER MECHANISM OF PIER-SUPPORTED-RAFT FOUNDATION SUBJECTED TO VERTICAL LOAD .

Degree: 2011, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/11741

► The pier-supported-raft foundation is a relatively new and effective foundation system commonly used to support high rise buildings. This research investigated the load transfer mechanism… (more)

▼ The pier-supported-raft foundation is a relatively new and effective foundation system commonly used to support high rise buildings. This research investigated the load transfer mechanism and settlement behavior for such a foundation system in order to enhance the existing database that can be used for development of a rational design methodology. Two major tasks were performed: literature review and finite element analysis. The literature review was conducted to update the current state of knowledge on the behavior and design methodology for pier-supported-raft foundation. The finite element analysis was conducted to analyze the load transfer mechanism, foundation settlement, and load distribution between raft and piers for such a foundation subjected to uniformly distributed vertical load. In the finite element analysis, the reinforced concrete raft and pier were characterized as elastic materials, while the foundation soil as an elasto-plastic material that obeys the Drucker-Prager yield criterion. The commercial software ABAQUS was adopted in the analysis. The computer FEA model was verified and validated by comparison of load vs. settlement curve obtained through a published laboratory model test data with that predicted by FEA. The two sets of data agreed fairly well within the reasonable range of error. Therefore, it was concluded that FEA is an effective tool for analyzing the load transfer mechanism and settlement behavior for such type of foundation system. The load transfer mechanism, foundation settlement, and raft load ratio of pier-supported-raft foundation subjected to uniformly distributed vertical loading were analyzed with consideration of influence factors. Influence factors considered were raft thickness and pier diameter, length, spacing, and total number, as well as soil properties. Based upon the results of analysis, the effect of various influence factors on foundation settlement, load transfer mechanism, and raft load ratio was determined. Also, the application to design of an economic foundation was discussed. The research findings should enhance the current database on overall foundation behavior. Furthermore, future studies needed for upgrading and expanding the database for ultimate development of a rational and economical design methodology for pier-supported-raft foundations are recommended. Advisors/Committee Members: Mian C Wang, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Mian C Wang, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Derek Elsworth, Committee Member, Virendra Puri, Committee Member, Andrew Scanlon, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: settlement behavior; load transfer mechanism; foundation design; pile-supported-raft foundation; Pier-supported-raft foundation; raft load ratio; pile load ratio

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Wu, X. (2011). LOAD TRANSFER MECHANISM OF PIER-SUPPORTED-RAFT FOUNDATION SUBJECTED TO VERTICAL LOAD . (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/11741

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wu, Xinli. “LOAD TRANSFER MECHANISM OF PIER-SUPPORTED-RAFT FOUNDATION SUBJECTED TO VERTICAL LOAD .” 2011. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 17, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/11741.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wu, Xinli. “LOAD TRANSFER MECHANISM OF PIER-SUPPORTED-RAFT FOUNDATION SUBJECTED TO VERTICAL LOAD .” 2011. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Wu X. LOAD TRANSFER MECHANISM OF PIER-SUPPORTED-RAFT FOUNDATION SUBJECTED TO VERTICAL LOAD . [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/11741.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wu X. LOAD TRANSFER MECHANISM OF PIER-SUPPORTED-RAFT FOUNDATION SUBJECTED TO VERTICAL LOAD . [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2011. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/11741

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

30. Hall, Derek M. Thermodynamics and Kinetics of the CuCl(aq)/HCl(aq) Electrolyzer for Hydrogen Production .

Degree: 2015, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/27154

► The CuCl(aq)/HCl(aq) electrolyzer is an important component in the Cu-Cl hybrid thermochemical cycle. Here we intend to provide information on how this electrolytic cell impacts… (more)

▼ The CuCl(aq)/HCl(aq) electrolyzer is an important component in the Cu-Cl hybrid thermochemical cycle. Here we intend to provide information on how this electrolytic cell impacts the cycle’s efficiency and electric energy requirements. Through a better understanding the thermodynamics and kinetics of this electrochemical cell, the electric energy requirements needed for hydrogen production with this cycle can become available. Chapter 1 focuses on the relationship between equilibrium thermodynamics of the electrochemical reactions and the cycle’s efficiency. Using Gibbs energy minimization (GEM), thermodynamic speciation diagrams of CuCl(aq) and CuCl2(aq) were generated to provide insights into the electrochemically active species. Results from GEM were used to quantify the Gibbs energy, Enthalpy and entropy of the electrochemical reactions. Additionally, Gibbs energy values theoretically calculated were compared to those experimentally measured. Thermodynamic, voltage, current and overall efficiencies of the electrolyzer were quantified to include speciation effects and activity coefficients. Chapter 2 explores the electrochemical kinetics of the positive electrode using a rotating disc electrode (RDE) and the effectiveness of catalyst application techniques from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and full cell polarization curves. With the RDE, the positive electrode overpotential-current density relationship was defined. It was found that electrochemical kinetic parameters could be obtained for the positive electrode reaction on different catalyst materials with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization curves. On both platinum and glassy carbon surfaces, the positive electrode reaction was very fast relative to other electrochemical reactions. Furthermore, removing platinum completely from the positive electrode had little effect on the polarization curves obtained from the full cell, whereas improving spray application technique significantly improved the performance relative to the painting technique. Chapter 3 investigates the effects of concentrated HCl(aq) on the electrochemical kinetics of the hydrogen evolution reaction. EIS and LSV were used to define kinetic parameters of the electrochemical reaction for polycrystalline platinum. It was found that the overpotential – current density behavior of the reaction on platinum followed the generalized Butler-Volmer equation. Chapter 4 presents a model to simulate the applied potential for the CuCl(aq)/HCl(aq) electrolyzer over a range of experimental conditions. The model presented here separates the potential contributions of the positive electrode, negative electrode and the membrane. Total applied potential was described using non-equilibrium thermodynamics, equilibrium thermodynamics and electrochemical kinetics. Using the information collected in Chapters 1-3 and some literature data, it was found that model simulations could match experimental data with only one adjustable parameter. Simulations of different values of active… Advisors/Committee Members: Serguei Lvov, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Serguei Lvov, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Ljubisa R Radovic, Committee Member, Michael John Janik, Committee Member, Derek Elsworth, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: CuCl HCl Electrolyzer; Thermodynamics; Kinetics; Efficiency

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Hall, D. M. (2015). Thermodynamics and Kinetics of the CuCl(aq)/HCl(aq) Electrolyzer for Hydrogen Production . (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/27154

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hall, Derek M. “Thermodynamics and Kinetics of the CuCl(aq)/HCl(aq) Electrolyzer for Hydrogen Production .” 2015. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 17, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/27154.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hall, Derek M. “Thermodynamics and Kinetics of the CuCl(aq)/HCl(aq) Electrolyzer for Hydrogen Production .” 2015. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Hall DM. Thermodynamics and Kinetics of the CuCl(aq)/HCl(aq) Electrolyzer for Hydrogen Production . [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/27154.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Hall DM. Thermodynamics and Kinetics of the CuCl(aq)/HCl(aq) Electrolyzer for Hydrogen Production . [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2015. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/27154

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

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