+publisher:"Oklahoma State University" +contributor:("Belden, Jason")

Oklahoma State University

1. Krupa, Paige. Effects of Copper upon Lateral Line Neuromasts in Xenopus laevis.

Degree: Integrative Biology, 2019, Oklahoma State University

► Fish and aquatic amphibians possess the lateral line, a sensory system used to detect water displacements. Copper is known to inactivate the neuromast organs of… (more)

▼ Fish and aquatic amphibians possess the lateral line, a sensory system used to detect water displacements. Copper is known to inactivate the neuromast organs of the lateral line system. This study investigated copper-induced neuromast loss in Xenopus laevis, the African clawed frog. X. laevis were exposed to various copper concentrations at three different life stages: newly metamorphosed juveniles, Nieuwkoop-Faber stage 51-54 larvae, and stage 54-55 larvae. Neuromasts counts, stain intensity, and behavior responses were examined. Possible behavioral effects of copper exposure to stage 54-55 larvae were investigated through an assay using air puff stimuli to produce surface waves. No change in neuromast number occurred in juvenile frogs exposed to copper at concentrations up to 3 mg/L. Neuromasts in the 51-54 trial did not photograph well, indicating that the methods of this study are better for imaging tadpoles of higher developmental stages. In the stage 54-55 trial, neuromasts were counted for four body regions: whole body, partial body, head, and tail. Although neuromast number decreased in the tail and partial body methods, this was not significantly different. Intensity of neuromasts showed a stronger concentration-dependent decrease, as a significant effect of copper concentration on intensity was observed in all four body regions. The decrease in intensity but not neuromast number may indicate that although neuromasts are still functioning, they have a decreased number of viable hair cells. Anterior neuromasts may be less sensitive to copper than posterior neuromasts. There was little difference in response to the air puff stimulus between control tadpoles and tadpoles exposed to 400 µg/L of copper. Neuromasts of X. laevis appear resistant to copper, as loss of these organs was not observed at sublethal or environmentally relevant copper concentrations. Future research could compare the resistance of neuromasts in X. laevis to species that lose the lateral line upon metamorphosis. Advisors/Committee Members: McMurry, Scott (advisor), Belden, Jason (committee member), Minghetti, Matteo (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: african clawed frog; amphibian; copper; lateral line; neuromast; xenopus laevis

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APA (6^th Edition):

Krupa, P. (2019). Effects of Copper upon Lateral Line Neuromasts in Xenopus laevis. (Thesis). Oklahoma State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11244/323414

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Krupa, Paige. “Effects of Copper upon Lateral Line Neuromasts in Xenopus laevis.” 2019. Thesis, Oklahoma State University. Accessed April 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11244/323414.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Krupa, Paige. “Effects of Copper upon Lateral Line Neuromasts in Xenopus laevis.” 2019. Web. 15 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Krupa P. Effects of Copper upon Lateral Line Neuromasts in Xenopus laevis. [Internet] [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/323414.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Krupa P. Effects of Copper upon Lateral Line Neuromasts in Xenopus laevis. [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/323414

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Oklahoma State University

2. Hickey, Joel. Adaptive Tolerance to Zinc in Freshwater Snails (Physa acuta) Across a Contamination Gradient.

Degree: Integrative Biology, 2019, Oklahoma State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/323398

► The Tri-State-Mining district is an area of northeast Oklahoma, southwest Missouri, and southeast Kansas in which zinc and lead mines operated for over 100 years.… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: contamination; metals; mining; snails; toxicology; zinc

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Hickey, J. (2019). Adaptive Tolerance to Zinc in Freshwater Snails (Physa acuta) Across a Contamination Gradient. (Thesis). Oklahoma State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11244/323398

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hickey, Joel. “Adaptive Tolerance to Zinc in Freshwater Snails (Physa acuta) Across a Contamination Gradient.” 2019. Thesis, Oklahoma State University. Accessed April 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11244/323398.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hickey, Joel. “Adaptive Tolerance to Zinc in Freshwater Snails (Physa acuta) Across a Contamination Gradient.” 2019. Web. 15 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Hickey J. Adaptive Tolerance to Zinc in Freshwater Snails (Physa acuta) Across a Contamination Gradient. [Internet] [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/323398.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Hickey J. Adaptive Tolerance to Zinc in Freshwater Snails (Physa acuta) Across a Contamination Gradient. [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/323398

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Oklahoma State University

3. Wells, Allison. Reproductive life history decisions and success of freshwater pond snails (Physa acuta) during chronic zinc exposure.

Degree: Integrative Biology, 2019, Oklahoma State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/324920

► Life history theory examines how individuals should make trade-offs between current reproductive effort and survival to achieve future reproductive gains. A prediction is that as… (more)

▼ Life history theory examines how individuals should make trade-offs between current reproductive effort and survival to achieve future reproductive gains. A prediction is that as future life expectancy decreases, individuals should invest more in current reproduction at the cost of lower survival and future reproduction. Although P. acuta have been shown to display a relatively high tolerance to anthropogenic contaminants and pollutants, research regarding sub-lethal chronic exposure to contaminants and reproductive effort is limited. However, it has been shown that higher zinc concentrations lower P. acuta survival rates. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine if chronic sub-lethal exposure to zinc has the potential to alter an individual's reproductive life history decisions, and if the magnitudes of these decisions are dependent upon a site's historic zinc exposure. Snails were collected from 3 sites within the Grand Lake watershed that have different zinc concentrations. Their offspring were then exposed to one of 5 zinc concentrations over the course of ~18 weeks. Individuals from these sites showed differences in response to zinc treatments. Individuals from historically moderate zinc concentrations followed life history predictions most closely, as an increase in zinc treatment resulted in earlier timing of reproductive events and growth. However, individuals from historically low zinc exposure showed delayed growth and reproduction as zinc concentration increased. Individuals from high historic zinc exposure in general displayed few negative effects from the zinc treatments, likely due to a high zinc tolerance among these individuals. Overall, results showed evidence of a gradient of local adaptation and tolerance of zinc. Tolerance seemed to be a key factor in whether individuals make life history changes in response to metal contamination. Advisors/Committee Members: Luttbeg, Barney (advisor), Towner, Mary (committee member), Belden, Jason (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: life history; physa; reproduction; tolerance; zinc

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wells, A. (2019). Reproductive life history decisions and success of freshwater pond snails (Physa acuta) during chronic zinc exposure. (Thesis). Oklahoma State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11244/324920

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wells, Allison. “Reproductive life history decisions and success of freshwater pond snails (Physa acuta) during chronic zinc exposure.” 2019. Thesis, Oklahoma State University. Accessed April 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11244/324920.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wells, Allison. “Reproductive life history decisions and success of freshwater pond snails (Physa acuta) during chronic zinc exposure.” 2019. Web. 15 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Wells A. Reproductive life history decisions and success of freshwater pond snails (Physa acuta) during chronic zinc exposure. [Internet] [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/324920.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wells A. Reproductive life history decisions and success of freshwater pond snails (Physa acuta) during chronic zinc exposure. [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/324920

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Oklahoma State University

4. Civiello, Anthony P. Effect of Shallow-water Habitat Quantity on Young-of-year Shovelnose Sturgeon Prey Use and Condition along a Longitudinal Gradient.

Degree: Natural Resources and Ecology Management, 2016, Oklahoma State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/300387

► The lower Missouri River has been highly modified and it is hypothesized that the loss of shallow-water habitat (SWH) has decreased prey availability, negatively affecting… (more)

▼ The lower Missouri River has been highly modified and it is hypothesized that the loss of shallow-water habitat (SWH) has decreased prey availability, negatively affecting young-of-year (YOY) sturgeon. Young-of-year sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus spp.) from five reaches of the lower Missouri River that varied in amount of SWH (47 to 295 ha) were sampled bi-monthly from May through October in 2014 and 2015. For each site, I analyzed prey use and condition in relation to the amount of SWH along a longitudinal gradient of the river. I analyzed 506 YOY shovelnose sturgeon in 2014 and 569 in 2015 (14 to 120 mm FL) and found diet items were restricted to three macroinvertebrate orders: diptera, ephemeroptera, and trichoptera. In 2015, YOY shovelnose sturgeon consumed nearly twice as many prey as in 2014 and had many fewer instances of empty stomachs. Regarding the predominant prey type, number of diptera larvae eaten peaked at middle reaches and moderate amounts of SWH in 2014 and high numbers were consumed at sites further downstream and as SWH increased in 2015. The number of diptera larvae consumed grew exponentially with length, however, in 2015, rate of diptera larvae consumed was least in high amounts of SWH. Prey quantity did not appear to be limited and factors beyond amounts of SWH appear to be affecting prey use and survivorship of YOY shovelnose sturgeon. The highest percent lipid (i.e. body condition) for YOY shovelnose sturgeon was at lengths ?40mm, attributed to assimilation of the yolk sac. Condition was best explained by location along the river continuum, increasing with increased distance upstream (r2 ? 0.27). An interannual influence was observed with average percent lipid in lengths 41-120mm being lower in 2014 than in 2015. Emaciated and healthy control YOY shovelnose sturgeon were acquired to compare to the condition of wild-caught fish. In 2014, length categories >41mm were not statistically different from emaciated specimens and, in 2015, only length category 101-120mm differed from control specimens (P ? 0.05). These results provide the first description of YOY sturgeon prey use and condition at a large spatial scale along the lower Missouri River. Advisors/Committee Members: Long, James M. (advisor), Dzialowski, Andrew R. (committee member), Belden, Jason B. (committee member).

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Civiello, A. P. (2016). Effect of Shallow-water Habitat Quantity on Young-of-year Shovelnose Sturgeon Prey Use and Condition along a Longitudinal Gradient. (Thesis). Oklahoma State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11244/300387

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Civiello, Anthony P. “Effect of Shallow-water Habitat Quantity on Young-of-year Shovelnose Sturgeon Prey Use and Condition along a Longitudinal Gradient.” 2016. Thesis, Oklahoma State University. Accessed April 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11244/300387.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Civiello, Anthony P. “Effect of Shallow-water Habitat Quantity on Young-of-year Shovelnose Sturgeon Prey Use and Condition along a Longitudinal Gradient.” 2016. Web. 15 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Civiello AP. Effect of Shallow-water Habitat Quantity on Young-of-year Shovelnose Sturgeon Prey Use and Condition along a Longitudinal Gradient. [Internet] [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/300387.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Civiello AP. Effect of Shallow-water Habitat Quantity on Young-of-year Shovelnose Sturgeon Prey Use and Condition along a Longitudinal Gradient. [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/300387

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Oklahoma State University

5. Gustafson, Kyle Douglas. Environmental (Natural and Anthropogenic) Effects on Host-parasite (Snail-trematode) Interactions.

Degree: Zoology, 2016, Oklahoma State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/48938

► This dissertation explored environmental effects on host�parasite interactions. Chapter 2 was published in Ecotoxicology and assessed the effects of the herbicide atrazine on freshwater snails.… (more)

▼ This dissertation explored environmental effects on host�parasite interactions. Chapter 2 was published in Ecotoxicology and assessed the effects of the herbicide atrazine on freshwater snails. The results indicated that snails are affected by atrazine at the subcellular and cellular levels. However, effects at those levels were not transitive to effects on individual snail fitness or on snail populations. Chapter 3 was published in Journal of Parasitology and explored the dose�response effects of trematodes on snails. The results indicated that as the trematode egg dose increased, the probability of snail reproduction and survival decreased; however, the probability of establishing an infection increased. Chapter 4 was published in Parasitology Research and addressed the effects of atrazine on trematode transmission and host�parasite interactions. The results showed that atrazine reduced infected snail survival at higher atrazine concentrations, resulting in fewer cercariae being produced. On top of that, atrazine reduced the infectivity of worms to the final host. Combined, these effects reduced the transmission of an amphibian trematode. Chapter 5 was published in Evolutionary Ecology Research and was a common garden experiment assessing the effects of environment on snail shell morphology. The shell shape of offspring from stream and wetland snails converged within a single generation whereas shell size took 2 generations to converge, suggesting the two ecomorphs are a single species. Sequence data confirmed they were the same species. Chapter 6 was published in Journal of Morphology and assessed the interactive effects of the environment and parasitism on snail shell morphology. The results showed that the environment was the major driver of snail shell morphology. Parasitism played a secondary role and only affected shell crush resistance in stream snails. Trematode communities were significantly different between wetland and stream snails but the effect on shell crush resistance was not driven by differences in trematode communities. Advisors/Committee Members: Bolek, Matthew G. (advisor), Belden, Jason (committee member), Dzialowski, Andy (committee member), Davis, Craig (committee member).

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Gustafson, K. D. (2016). Environmental (Natural and Anthropogenic) Effects on Host-parasite (Snail-trematode) Interactions. (Thesis). Oklahoma State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11244/48938

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gustafson, Kyle Douglas. “Environmental (Natural and Anthropogenic) Effects on Host-parasite (Snail-trematode) Interactions.” 2016. Thesis, Oklahoma State University. Accessed April 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11244/48938.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gustafson, Kyle Douglas. “Environmental (Natural and Anthropogenic) Effects on Host-parasite (Snail-trematode) Interactions.” 2016. Web. 15 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Gustafson KD. Environmental (Natural and Anthropogenic) Effects on Host-parasite (Snail-trematode) Interactions. [Internet] [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/48938.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Gustafson KD. Environmental (Natural and Anthropogenic) Effects on Host-parasite (Snail-trematode) Interactions. [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/48938

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Oklahoma State University

6. Dale, Leah Leanne. Potential for Aflatoxicosis in Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) Exposed to Contaminated Grain at Feeding Stations.

Degree: Natural Resources and Ecology Management, 2014, Oklahoma State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/25619

► There is concern about the potential impacts that supplemental feeding may have on wildlife populations. Possible negative effects of wildlife feeding include altered fecundity, recruitment,… (more)

▼ There is concern about the potential impacts that supplemental feeding may have on wildlife populations. Possible negative effects of wildlife feeding include altered fecundity, recruitment, survival, predation, pathogen transmission, and exposure to aflatoxins through contaminated grain. Aflatoxins are produced by toxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus and are considered the most toxic of all naturally occurring mycotoxins. Wildlife may be exposed to aflatoxins in agricultural grains during supplemental feeding and baiting practices. Although most supplemental feeding stations are designed to benefit white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), non-target species also visit bait stations leading to potential exposure to aflatoxins in contaminated grain. This is a particular concern for Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus), a species in decline rangewide that has been demonstrated to be highly susceptible to aflatoxicosis. We used infrared-triggered cameras to assess non-target species visitation and potential for contact with aflatoxin at bait stations on the Cross Timbers Experimental Range in Payne County, OK in September 2012 and January 2013. Six species of birds and 10 species of mammals were photographed during the September survey. Species richness was higher during the January survey, with 17 bird species and 9 mammal species. Visitation increased from 1 non-target capture per hour in the fall to 2 non-target captures per hour in the winter. Northern Bobwhite visitation accounted for 0.03% and 0.23% of non-target captures in fall and winter, respectively. Aflatoxin formation in supplemental feed was also assessed to identify contributing factors. Greenhouse trials were conducted in August, September, and December of 2013 in Payne County, OK, with average greenhouse temperatures of 27°C, 23°C, and 15°C, respectively. A split-plot design was used to compare aflatoxin concentrations for experimental units (n = 96) within each trial. Experimental units varied by grain type (milo vs. corn), feeding method (broadcast vs. piled), precipitation presence (dry vs. wet), and duration (1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks). Corn piled in wet conditions resulted in the highest individual concentration of 3230 ppb. Results suggest that aflatoxin formation in wildlife feed can be reduced by selecting milo instead of corn, broadcasting grain instead of distributing in piles, and limiting the length of time that grain persists before ingestion. Feeding should be avoided during wet conditions when daily temperatures exceed 18°C. Given the ease with which aflatoxin developed in the greenhouse trials, those involved in wildlife feeding/baiting are urged to weigh the possible benefits with the known risks that baiting and supplemental feeding may pose to wildlife species. Advisors/Committee Members: O'Connell, Timothy J. (advisor), Elmore, R. D. (committee member), Belden, Jason B. (committee member).

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Dale, L. L. (2014). Potential for Aflatoxicosis in Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) Exposed to Contaminated Grain at Feeding Stations. (Thesis). Oklahoma State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11244/25619

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dale, Leah Leanne. “Potential for Aflatoxicosis in Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) Exposed to Contaminated Grain at Feeding Stations.” 2014. Thesis, Oklahoma State University. Accessed April 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11244/25619.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dale, Leah Leanne. “Potential for Aflatoxicosis in Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) Exposed to Contaminated Grain at Feeding Stations.” 2014. Web. 15 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Dale LL. Potential for Aflatoxicosis in Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) Exposed to Contaminated Grain at Feeding Stations. [Internet] [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/25619.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Dale LL. Potential for Aflatoxicosis in Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) Exposed to Contaminated Grain at Feeding Stations. [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/25619

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Oklahoma State University

7. Hileman, Sarah Thurau. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Soil Receiving Rooftop Runoff.

Degree: Zoology, 2016, Oklahoma State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/300351

► Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent organic pollutants that are ubiquitous in the environment and can potentially impact human health. The main objective of this… (more)

▼ Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent organic pollutants that are ubiquitous in the environment and can potentially impact human health. The main objective of this study was to qualify and quantify PAH accumulation (especially the seven potentially carcinogenic PAHs (cPAHs)) throughout the Oklahoma City Metro Area and to investigate factors that could be related to higher accumulation. Factors included building use (residential, commercial, and school) and roofing type (asphalt, metal, and tar). To determine if cPAH concentrations were higher in soil receiving direct rooftop runoff, paired runoff receiving contact samples and reference samples (not receiving rooftop runoff) were evaluated from each site. In addition to determining the presence of certain PAHs, a digestive model was applied to give an indication as to what percent of the overall PAHs become bioavailable if contaminated soil is ingested. Overall 77% of the locations analyzed had levels of cPAHs above the USEPA’s soil screening level (SSL). Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a known carcinogenic PAH, appeared above SSL in 74% of the samples, with the 95th percentile of runoff contact samples at 880 ppb. Contact soil samples surrounding schools had the highest significant values of cPAHs contamination within building usage, with 95th percentile concentrations of cPAH for soil receiving rooftop runoff at 140,000 ppb. Schools and commercial contact soils had significantly elevated levels of cPAHs and BaP as compared to residential contact soils. Roof type did not vary in contributing to cPAH or BaP levels in contact samples. cPAHs and BaP concentrations in contact soils were significantly greater within each sampling subset compared to the paired reference sample. The digestive model indicated that some of the soils with the highest concentrations of cPAHs and BaP had less than 3% bioavailability. Values of some samples were still more than 100 ppb bioavailable, but there was a great decrease in concentration of cPAHs within the bioavailable fraction. Because many high concentrated cPAH soils were found in school areas, school sites should be further investigated for contamination. While these sites may not show high potentials for bioavailability, the magnitude of cPAH concentrations in soil is still a cause for concern. Advisors/Committee Members: Belden, Jason B. (advisor), Vogel, Jason R. (committee member), McMurry, Scott T. (committee member).

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Hileman, S. T. (2016). Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Soil Receiving Rooftop Runoff. (Thesis). Oklahoma State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11244/300351

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hileman, Sarah Thurau. “Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Soil Receiving Rooftop Runoff.” 2016. Thesis, Oklahoma State University. Accessed April 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11244/300351.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hileman, Sarah Thurau. “Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Soil Receiving Rooftop Runoff.” 2016. Web. 15 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Hileman ST. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Soil Receiving Rooftop Runoff. [Internet] [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/300351.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Hileman ST. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Soil Receiving Rooftop Runoff. [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/300351

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Oklahoma State University

8. Powell, Alisha L. Mercury Contamination in Freshwater Turtles of Eastern Oklahoma: Evaluation of Non-destructive Sampling Techniques.

Degree: Zoology, 2014, Oklahoma State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/15067

► Recent studies in Oklahoma have found levels of mercury (Hg) contamination in fish that exceed safe consumption limits in several lakes. This study investigates the… (more)

▼ Recent studies in Oklahoma have found levels of mercury (Hg) contamination in fish that exceed safe consumption limits in several lakes. This study investigates the degree of Hg pollution in aquatic turtle species of Oklahoma that are used most commonly for human consumption. Turtles have been used as monitors of chemical contaminants in aquatic environments in both freshwater and marine habitats routinely. These studies are often complicated by the requirement to sacrifice long–lived and slowly reproducing species. A need for a nonlethal routine monitoring technique has been recognized due to a decline in turtle populations. Spiny softshell (Apalone spinifera), common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina), and red eared slider (Trachemys scripta) are the most commonly harvested turtles in Oklahoma and thus the indicator species chosen for analysis. Multiple tissue types (muscle, liver, claw, and scute) were collected from 72 turtles in eastern Oklahoma during the summers of 2010 and 2011 from 10 water bodies. Softshells had the highest Hg concentrations (0.04–0.72 mg kg−1), followed by snapping turtles (0.03–0.30 mg kg−1) and red eared sliders (0.01–0.20 mg kg−1). Based on the USEPA food consumption guidelines, seven of the ten sites had average Hg concentrations warranting consumption limits for at least one species. Average muscle Hg concentrations among sites were significantly different (p<0.01). No significant relationships were found between Hg burden and size, sex, or age. Liver/muscle ratios indicated current contamination. In addition, claw and scute were removed from each turtle to test the validity of using non–destructive (external) tissues as an alternative to lethal/destructive sampling of muscle and liver. Claw was the best overall predictor for muscle Hg burdens when comparing across species (R2=0.79) with similar slopes between hard and softshell turtles (slopes=0.087 and 0.099). Scute was not as reliable when all species were combined (R2=0.41). However, when turtles were separated between hard and softshelled species, relationships between Hg concentrations in scute correlated well with concentrations found in muscle (R2=0.84 and 0.83). Continuous monitoring programs are recommended to further protect human health and to track changes in contamination levels. These programs can be completed using the non–destructive tissue techniques and the corresponding linear regression models formulated here. Advisors/Committee Members: Belden, Jason B. (advisor), Bidwell, Joseph R. (committee member), Fox, Stanley (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: analysis; mercury; non-destructive; sampling; tissue; turtles

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Powell, A. L. (2014). Mercury Contamination in Freshwater Turtles of Eastern Oklahoma: Evaluation of Non-destructive Sampling Techniques. (Thesis). Oklahoma State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11244/15067

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Powell, Alisha L. “Mercury Contamination in Freshwater Turtles of Eastern Oklahoma: Evaluation of Non-destructive Sampling Techniques.” 2014. Thesis, Oklahoma State University. Accessed April 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11244/15067.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Powell, Alisha L. “Mercury Contamination in Freshwater Turtles of Eastern Oklahoma: Evaluation of Non-destructive Sampling Techniques.” 2014. Web. 15 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Powell AL. Mercury Contamination in Freshwater Turtles of Eastern Oklahoma: Evaluation of Non-destructive Sampling Techniques. [Internet] [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/15067.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Powell AL. Mercury Contamination in Freshwater Turtles of Eastern Oklahoma: Evaluation of Non-destructive Sampling Techniques. [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/15067

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Oklahoma State University

9. Layton, Scott M. UV Filters as Common Organic Water Contaminants: A Toxicological Study of Selected Uv Filters on Daphnia Magna, a Monitoring Study of Selected Oklahoma Lakes, and the Development of an Undergraduate Endocrine Disruption Authentic Research Lab.

Degree: Environmental Science, 2015, Oklahoma State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/48913

► UV filters are added to a number of personal care products to mitigate damage to underlying surfaces and several studies have identified their presence of… (more)

▼ UV filters are added to a number of personal care products to mitigate damage to underlying surfaces and several studies have identified their presence of in a variety of water compartments in the environment. UV filters have demonstrated endocrine disrupting potential in vertebrate models, but few studies have addressed their effects on resident aquatic invertebrates. The acute and chronic effects of the UV filters avobenzone, dioxybenzone, homosalate, octyl methoxycinnamate, octisalate, and oxybenzone on Daphnia magna were assessed. Only avobenzone was acutely toxicity at LC50 0.74 (0.41, 0.94) mg/L. Chronic effects of inhibited reproductive occurred in the upper test concentrations for all UV filters. A potential hormetic effect on reproduction was noted in dioxybenzone, homoslate, octisalate, and oxybenzone (LOEC 0.75, 0.075, 0.0019, 0.7 mg/L). Male neonates, a potential indication of endocrine disruption, were identified in avobenzone, homosalate, and oxybenzone tests (LOEC 0.004, 0.6, and 5 mg/L).Environmental monitoring of UV filters is limited, especially in high use recreational lake areas. The current work identified the presence octisalate, homosalate, oxybenzone, and OMCN in selected US lakes using GC/MS. A seasonal (July-October) and spatial(beach versus offsite) effect on UV filter concentration was noted for the detected UV filters, but only octisalte, homosalate, and oxybenzone were found to be significant. Hazard quotients (HQ) were calculated using the maximum environmental concentration from this study and LOEC from our toxicological study and previous studies. HQ�s for detected UV filter were well below 1, indicating the tested UV filters are not likely occurring in concentrations high enough to produce toxicological effects. Many anthropogenic compounds such as pharmaceuticals and insecticides have demonstrated potential for endocrine disruption. Despite this knowledge, teaching this concept in undergraduate labs is not common most likely due to complexity, expense, and difficulty in observation. A research system using the invertebrate D. magna and the pesticide fenoxycarb is presented that demonstrates endocrine disruption, alleviates the complications of vertebrate models, and engages students in an authentic research experience. The system has been implemented in a small class containing a variety of declared major with 90% of the students showing proficiency in procedures and conceptual knowledge. Advisors/Committee Members: Belden, Jason (advisor), Dzialowski, Andy (committee member), Najd, Nizam (committee member), Sheehan, Rebecca (committee member).

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Layton, S. M. (2015). UV Filters as Common Organic Water Contaminants: A Toxicological Study of Selected Uv Filters on Daphnia Magna, a Monitoring Study of Selected Oklahoma Lakes, and the Development of an Undergraduate Endocrine Disruption Authentic Research Lab. (Thesis). Oklahoma State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11244/48913

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Layton, Scott M. “UV Filters as Common Organic Water Contaminants: A Toxicological Study of Selected Uv Filters on Daphnia Magna, a Monitoring Study of Selected Oklahoma Lakes, and the Development of an Undergraduate Endocrine Disruption Authentic Research Lab.” 2015. Thesis, Oklahoma State University. Accessed April 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11244/48913.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Layton, Scott M. “UV Filters as Common Organic Water Contaminants: A Toxicological Study of Selected Uv Filters on Daphnia Magna, a Monitoring Study of Selected Oklahoma Lakes, and the Development of an Undergraduate Endocrine Disruption Authentic Research Lab.” 2015. Web. 15 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Layton SM. UV Filters as Common Organic Water Contaminants: A Toxicological Study of Selected Uv Filters on Daphnia Magna, a Monitoring Study of Selected Oklahoma Lakes, and the Development of an Undergraduate Endocrine Disruption Authentic Research Lab. [Internet] [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/48913.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Layton SM. UV Filters as Common Organic Water Contaminants: A Toxicological Study of Selected Uv Filters on Daphnia Magna, a Monitoring Study of Selected Oklahoma Lakes, and the Development of an Undergraduate Endocrine Disruption Authentic Research Lab. [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/48913

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Oklahoma State University

10. Robideau, Alexandra M. Effects of Insecticide Treated Green Peach (M. Persicae) Aphids on the Survival and Development of Coccinellidae.

Degree: Entomology (PhD), 2015, Oklahoma State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/33448

► Annual canola yield losses have been significant in Oklahoma due to high insect pressure, and insecticide treatments are required multiple times throughout the growing season… (more)

▼ Annual canola yield losses have been significant in Oklahoma due to high insect pressure, and insecticide treatments are required multiple times throughout the growing season to produce a profitable crop. Synthetic pyrethroids are the most commonly used foliar insecticides for management of insect pests in canola, but they have been shown to have negative effect on both natural enemies and pollinators. Aphids in crop systems are a primary source of prey for lady beetles, making them beneficial in fields with frequent aphid outbreaks (Kring et al. 1985, Rice and Wilde 1988, Elliott et al. 1996, Jones 2001). This study will explore the effects of insecticide (flonicamid and sulfoxaflor)-treated aphids on ladybeetle development and survival.Larval development time, adult body size, and male:female ratios from my trials indicate that flonicamid could be a valuable tool in fields where Coccinellids provide some level of biological control of aphids. Flonicamid allows for the possibility of longer-term lady beetle survivorship, where other pesticides such as synthetic pyrethroids do not. Conversely, these studies also indicates that sulfoxaflor treated aphids have a toxic effect on Coccinellids and may be a poor choice for use in similar fields. Consumption of sulfoxaflor treated aphids resulted in longer development times, which expose lady beetle larvae to other mortality effects, such as predation and further pesticide sprays. Sulfoxaflor treatments also resulted in reduced body size in adult lady beetles, which would likely decrease fecundity and ultimately reduce population size in the agricultural landscape. The fact that there were no surviving female C. septempunctata feeding on sulfoxaflor-treated aphids, and that male H. convergens were of smaller body sizes, indicates that sulfoxaflor-treated fields could be an ecological sink for these predator species. Advisors/Committee Members: Giles, Kris L. (advisor), Royer, Tom A. (advisor), Belden, Jason B. (committee member).

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Robideau, A. M. (2015). Effects of Insecticide Treated Green Peach (M. Persicae) Aphids on the Survival and Development of Coccinellidae. (Thesis). Oklahoma State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11244/33448

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Robideau, Alexandra M. “Effects of Insecticide Treated Green Peach (M. Persicae) Aphids on the Survival and Development of Coccinellidae.” 2015. Thesis, Oklahoma State University. Accessed April 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11244/33448.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Robideau, Alexandra M. “Effects of Insecticide Treated Green Peach (M. Persicae) Aphids on the Survival and Development of Coccinellidae.” 2015. Web. 15 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Robideau AM. Effects of Insecticide Treated Green Peach (M. Persicae) Aphids on the Survival and Development of Coccinellidae. [Internet] [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/33448.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Robideau AM. Effects of Insecticide Treated Green Peach (M. Persicae) Aphids on the Survival and Development of Coccinellidae. [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/33448

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Oklahoma State University

11. Simpson, Adam Martin. Investigating the Evolutionary Origins and Mechanisms Underlying Xenobiotic Sensitivity Using Resurrection Ecology.

Degree: Zoology, 2017, Oklahoma State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/299550

► Sensitivity to an organophosphate insecticide, chlorpyrifos, was evaluated in a resurrected population of Daphnia pulicaria; this population originated from a lake that has experienced over… (more)

▼ Sensitivity to an organophosphate insecticide, chlorpyrifos, was evaluated in a resurrected population of Daphnia pulicaria; this population originated from a lake that has experienced over a century of cultural eutrophication. Acute toxicity tests demonstrated that ancient clones (1301-1646 A.D.) were 2.7x more sensitive to this chemical when compared to the contemporary clones (1967-1977, 2002-2008 A.D.). Such changes might have arisen from historical exposure to chlorpyrifos, other organic contaminants, or by selection driven by stressors associated with cultural eutrophication.To determine the physiological mechanisms of tolerance, a series of biochemical assays was performed on the three most tolerant and three most sensitive genotypes from the population, resurrected from 1967-1977 and 1301-1646 A.D., respectively. In vitro acetylcholinesterase assays were conducted to examine the potential for target-site tolerance, but yielded no significant differences in constitutive enzyme activity or sensitivity to inhibition. To evaluate the potential for metabolic tolerance, acute toxicity tests were conducted using i) the toxic metabolite chlorpyrifos-oxon (CPF-O) and ii) CPF-O co-applied with piperonyl butoxide (PBO), a known inhibitor of Phase-I biotransformation. Both series of toxicity tests reduced the mean variation in sensitivity between tolerant and sensitive genotypes. Most significantly, exposure to CPF-O and PBO reduced the disparity between the clones from a 4.7-fold to 1.2-fold difference in sensitivity. This strongly suggested that pathways involving Phase-I detoxification and/or bioactivation of chlorpyrifos play a significant role in dictating tolerance in this population. An in vivo assay was developed to quantify biotransformation of metabolic substrates in invertebrates via gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. The assay was highly successful for Physa snails, but was unable to detect activity in response to most substrates in Daphnia magna. The assay shows promise, but further optimization is needed to effectively evaluate xenobiotic metabolism in Daphnia. Finally, the evolutionary origins of shifts in xenobiotic sensitivity are discussed. The role of metabolism in dictating sensitivity to natural and anthropogenic stressors suggests that adaptive shifts in response to one stressor might indirectly influence susceptibility to others. This phenomenon could have important implications for the success of wild populations facing rapid environmental change. Advisors/Committee Members: Belden, Jason (advisor), Campbell, Polly (committee member), Steets, Janette (committee member), Jeyasingh, Punidan (committee member).

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Simpson, A. M. (2017). Investigating the Evolutionary Origins and Mechanisms Underlying Xenobiotic Sensitivity Using Resurrection Ecology. (Thesis). Oklahoma State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11244/299550

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Simpson, Adam Martin. “Investigating the Evolutionary Origins and Mechanisms Underlying Xenobiotic Sensitivity Using Resurrection Ecology.” 2017. Thesis, Oklahoma State University. Accessed April 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11244/299550.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Simpson, Adam Martin. “Investigating the Evolutionary Origins and Mechanisms Underlying Xenobiotic Sensitivity Using Resurrection Ecology.” 2017. Web. 15 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Simpson AM. Investigating the Evolutionary Origins and Mechanisms Underlying Xenobiotic Sensitivity Using Resurrection Ecology. [Internet] [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/299550.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Simpson AM. Investigating the Evolutionary Origins and Mechanisms Underlying Xenobiotic Sensitivity Using Resurrection Ecology. [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/299550

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Oklahoma State University

12. Lay, Jessica Jeanette. Water Quality and the First-flush Effect in Roof-based Rainwater Harvesting.

Degree: Biosystems & Agricultural Engineering, 2014, Oklahoma State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/14959

► Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is a low impact development practice that involves the capture, diversion and storage of rainwater for later use. RWH can help alleviate… (more)

▼ Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is a low impact development practice that involves the capture, diversion and storage of rainwater for later use. RWH can help alleviate demands on public water supply systems and promote better conservation practices in the public. Incorporating a first-flush diversion in a RWH system can drastically improve the water quality of harvested rainwater. The objectives of this research were to (1) evaluate the water quality of roof runoff from asphalt shingle, clay tile, metal, and tar and gravel roofs, (2) quantify a first-flush diversion based on a mass removal of pollutants, (3) evaluate a first-flush occurrence in roof runoff based on continuous conductivity measurements throughout a storm event, and (4) perform a pilot-study to determine if soils had potential for long-term accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) when watered with roof runoff that had no first-flush diversion. All runoff samples met "good" and "excellent" Oklahoma irrigation water-quality guidelines for conductivity, sodium adsorption ratio, and boron concentrations. While present, PAH concentrations in runoff samples were observed to be three orders of magnitude below recommended Health Based Screening Levels. An upper-confidence limit was constructed using the binomial probability density function to determine the minimum first-flush diversion required to obtain a 50, 75, 90, and 95% mass removal of total suspended solids and PAHs. Results from the soil pilot study indicated that there is potential for long-term accumulation of PAHs in soils receiving roof runoff that has no first-flush diversion. Approximately 70% of the soil samples that received roof runoff had higher PAH concentrations than the paired soil samples that did not receive roof runoff. Twenty-four to 100% of soil samples were also observed to exceed minimum human-health risk-based screening levels for individual PAH compounds in residential soils. Using harvested rainwater from rooftops to water lawns or irrigate gardens can potentially lead to long-term accumulation of PAHs in the soils when a first-flush diversion is neglected. Therefore, it is recommended that an appropriate first-flush diversion be included in a RWH collection system in order to reduce this potential of accumulation and improve the overall water quality of the harvested rainwater. Advisors/Committee Members: Vogel, Jason R. (advisor), Belden, Jason B. (committee member), Brown, Glenn Owen (committee member), Storm, Daniel E. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: first flush; pahs; rainwater harvesting; roof runoff; water quality

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Lay, J. J. (2014). Water Quality and the First-flush Effect in Roof-based Rainwater Harvesting. (Thesis). Oklahoma State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11244/14959

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lay, Jessica Jeanette. “Water Quality and the First-flush Effect in Roof-based Rainwater Harvesting.” 2014. Thesis, Oklahoma State University. Accessed April 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11244/14959.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lay, Jessica Jeanette. “Water Quality and the First-flush Effect in Roof-based Rainwater Harvesting.” 2014. Web. 15 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Lay JJ. Water Quality and the First-flush Effect in Roof-based Rainwater Harvesting. [Internet] [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/14959.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Lay JJ. Water Quality and the First-flush Effect in Roof-based Rainwater Harvesting. [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/14959

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Oklahoma State University

13. Bagwill, April Lynn. Evaluation of Amphibian Communities of Playa Wetlands in the Southern High Plains, Texas and Physiological Effects of Environmental Stressors on the New Mexico Spadefoot Toad, Spea.

Degree: Department of Zoology, 2012, Oklahoma State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/7025

► The purpose of this dissertation project was two-fold, 1) to investigate the effects of surrounding land use on playa wetlands and resident amphibian communities and… (more)

▼ The purpose of this dissertation project was two-fold, 1) to investigate the effects of surrounding land use on playa wetlands and resident amphibian communities and 2) to assess developmental and physiological effects of water loss and agricultural pesticide exposure on the New Mexico spadefoot toad, Spea multiplicata . In 2008 and 2009 I collected data on hydroperiod, water loss, sediment depth, and amphibian diversity in playa wetlands that were surrounded by cropland, native grassland, or USDA Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) grasses. Overall, playas located within CRP watersheds had sediment depths, water loss rates, and starting water depths intermediate to cropland and grassland playas. However, hydroperiod, playa area, and amphibian richness did not differ among land uses. Although species richness did not differ among land use types, distribution of amphibian species among land use types did differ, particularly in the drier 2008 season. This study is the first to definitively investigate CRP effects on playa amphibian communities. Because of environmental stressors observed in the field, I conducted three laboratory experiments investigating effect of water loss and water loss and a pesticide, atrazine, on development, spleen size and cellularity, and corticosterone levels of the New Mexico spadefoot toad, Spea multiplicata . Water loss accelerated development in the first two experiments, but did not affect body size or spleen cellularity. Corticosterone was negatively correlated with body size and elevated in tadpoles subjected to declining water levels. In the third experiment, I subjected tadpoles to water loss coupled with four concentrations of atrazine. Overall, there was no interaction between water regime and atrazine exposure. There were significant stage by water regime treatment interactions for snout-vent length, body weight index, and spleen weight. At metamorphosis, constant individuals were 8% larger in snout vent length, had 18% greater body weight indices, and 20% larger spleens. Corticosterone (CORT) level doubled at the highest atrazine concentration (50 �g/L), and was negatively correlated with snout-vent length, body weight index, spleen weight, and total spleen leukocytes at metamorphosis. Atrazine also influenced metamorphic rate and increased the average number of days to metamorphosis. This study suggests that environmental stressors seen in the field can affect development and immune function of amphibians, but effects do not manifest until metamorphosis when animals are already susceptible. Advisors/Committee Members: McMurry, Scott T. (advisor), Belden, Jason B. (committee member), Blouin, Edmour F. (committee member), Lovern, Matthew B. (committee member), Smith, Loren Michael (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: amphibian; atrazine; environmental stress; playa wetland; water loss

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Bagwill, A. L. (2012). Evaluation of Amphibian Communities of Playa Wetlands in the Southern High Plains, Texas and Physiological Effects of Environmental Stressors on the New Mexico Spadefoot Toad, Spea. (Thesis). Oklahoma State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11244/7025

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bagwill, April Lynn. “Evaluation of Amphibian Communities of Playa Wetlands in the Southern High Plains, Texas and Physiological Effects of Environmental Stressors on the New Mexico Spadefoot Toad, Spea.” 2012. Thesis, Oklahoma State University. Accessed April 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11244/7025.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bagwill, April Lynn. “Evaluation of Amphibian Communities of Playa Wetlands in the Southern High Plains, Texas and Physiological Effects of Environmental Stressors on the New Mexico Spadefoot Toad, Spea.” 2012. Web. 15 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Bagwill AL. Evaluation of Amphibian Communities of Playa Wetlands in the Southern High Plains, Texas and Physiological Effects of Environmental Stressors on the New Mexico Spadefoot Toad, Spea. [Internet] [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/7025.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Bagwill AL. Evaluation of Amphibian Communities of Playa Wetlands in the Southern High Plains, Texas and Physiological Effects of Environmental Stressors on the New Mexico Spadefoot Toad, Spea. [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/7025

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

14. Borel, Stephanie Leigh. Evaluating Headline Amp Toxicity to Bufo Cognatus Tadpoles in an Aquatic Sediment Microcosm.

Degree: Zoology, 2015, Oklahoma State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/45234

► Increased use of strobilurin fungicides has expanded the potential for exposure to non-target wetland organisms. An acute toxicity test was performed to compare the toxicity… (more)

▼ Increased use of strobilurin fungicides has expanded the potential for exposure to non-target wetland organisms. An acute toxicity test was performed to compare the toxicity of Headline AMP® to Great Plains toad (Bufo cognatus) tadpoles in a water only exposure, and two aquatic sediment microcosms that differ in their texture class and organic matter (OM) content (Nebraska sediment, 6.14% OM, silty clay loam; Texas sediment, 4.15% OM, clay loam). The sediments were predicted to sequester the fungicide at variable rates, thus affecting the exposure and toxicity of the fungicide. Following the acute toxicity test, a fate study was performed to examine partitioning and bioavailability of pyraclostrobin, the active ingredient in Headline AMP®. Ninety-five percent of all tadpole mortalities in the water only exposures occurred within the first 6 hours. Tadpole nominal LC50 values were 8.0 µg/L for water-only exposures, 9.3 µg/L for the Texas sediment system, and 15.3 µg/L for the Nebraska sediment system. Differences in LC50s suggest that Nebraska sediments are more protective than Texas sediments and the water only system. In the fate study, pyraclostrobin dissipated from the water gradually, with mean (±SE) total percent recovery from water at 90±4% at 2 hours to 18±4% at 72 hours for Nebraska sediment. Recovery of pyraclostrobin from water decreased quicker in the Texas sediment system, from 72±2% at 2 hours to 20±3% at 72 hours. Texas sediment treatments averaged 3.8±0.7 times as much suspended sediment as compared to Nebraska sediment treatments. The increased suspended solids in the Texas treatment resulted in more sequestration of analyte by sediments, averaging 30±21% over the course of 72 hr. Tadpoles present during an application of Headline AMP® are at risk of exposure to a lethal dose by spray drift, field runoff, or direct overspray, even at fractions of the label rate, before suspended sediments are able to ameliorate toxicity. Further, different species of amphibians will have different levels of risk based on their species-specific larval periods. Lastly, land use affects deposition, suspension, and texture of sediments in wetlands and thus, can influence partitioning of fungicide to the sediments and exposure scenarios for organisms. Advisors/Committee Members: Mcmurry, Scott T. (advisor), Belden, Jason B. (committee member), Smith, Loren Michael (committee member).

…Oklahoma State University for 4 weeks prior to breeding. Males (n=3) were hormonally… …carbon filtration of Oklahoma State University tap water (pH: 7.5–7.7; hardness: 80–100 mg…

6 more images…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Borel, S. L. (2015). Evaluating Headline Amp Toxicity to Bufo Cognatus Tadpoles in an Aquatic Sediment Microcosm. (Thesis). Oklahoma State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11244/45234

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Borel, Stephanie Leigh. “Evaluating Headline Amp Toxicity to Bufo Cognatus Tadpoles in an Aquatic Sediment Microcosm.” 2015. Thesis, Oklahoma State University. Accessed April 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11244/45234.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Borel, Stephanie Leigh. “Evaluating Headline Amp Toxicity to Bufo Cognatus Tadpoles in an Aquatic Sediment Microcosm.” 2015. Web. 15 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Borel SL. Evaluating Headline Amp Toxicity to Bufo Cognatus Tadpoles in an Aquatic Sediment Microcosm. [Internet] [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/45234.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Borel SL. Evaluating Headline Amp Toxicity to Bufo Cognatus Tadpoles in an Aquatic Sediment Microcosm. [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/45234

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

15. Fisher, Jonathan C. Laboratory Toxicity and Field Effects of a Complex Mixture: Oil-field Produced Water.

Degree: Department of Zoology, 2010, Oklahoma State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/7033

► This dissertation investigated how organisms in the field and the laboratory responded to complex mixtures or combinations of stressors. Organisms are continually exposed to natural… (more)

▼ This dissertation investigated how organisms in the field and the laboratory responded to complex mixtures or combinations of stressors. Organisms are continually exposed to natural and anthropogenic stressors in the environment. The first two chapters of this study examined the potential for and measured aquatic effects of a near-shore petroleum operation along Skiatook Lake, Osage County, Oklahoma, USA. The field based part of this study showed that produced water from a near-shore petroleum production operation travelling through the groundwater into the lake was sufficiently diluted by the lake to result in few observable biotic effects. For the laboratory based part of this study, an empirically derived model of major ion toxicity was combined with other toxicity assessments to account for the observed toxicity in field-collected produced water and produced-water contaminated groundwater. The accuracy and precision of the ion toxicity model, calculated using model deviation ratios (MDR) and simple linear regressions, was determined for fathead minnows, Ceriodaphnia dubia , and Daphnia magna . Those results indicated that predicted major ion toxicity, combined with other measured parameters, could accurately and precisely account for observed responses in test organisms to field collected samples. The last chapter of this study expanded on current mixture modeling and analysis techniques in order to assess the effects of mixtures containing chemical and nonchemical stressors, any number of stressors at any relative potency, and for any combination of similar and dissimilar modes of action. New techniques were derived and then used to assess the joint action of atrazine, norflurazon, and resource limitation (light limitation). Mixture effects of a tertiary mixture all three stressors were predicted within a factor of two of the observed data using a mixture model that incorporated both concentration addition and independent action. Advisors/Committee Members: Belden, Jason B. (advisor), Baum, Kristen (committee member), Dzialowski, Andrew R. (committee member), Shoup, Daniel E. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: complex mixtures; concentration addition; ecotoxicology; independent action; ion toxicity; produced water

…Water, and Forage Analytical Laboratory at Oklahoma State University to measure major ions…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Fisher, J. C. (2010). Laboratory Toxicity and Field Effects of a Complex Mixture: Oil-field Produced Water. (Thesis). Oklahoma State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11244/7033

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fisher, Jonathan C. “Laboratory Toxicity and Field Effects of a Complex Mixture: Oil-field Produced Water.” 2010. Thesis, Oklahoma State University. Accessed April 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11244/7033.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fisher, Jonathan C. “Laboratory Toxicity and Field Effects of a Complex Mixture: Oil-field Produced Water.” 2010. Web. 15 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Fisher JC. Laboratory Toxicity and Field Effects of a Complex Mixture: Oil-field Produced Water. [Internet] [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2010. [cited 2021 Apr 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/7033.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Fisher JC. Laboratory Toxicity and Field Effects of a Complex Mixture: Oil-field Produced Water. [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/7033

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

16. McMaine, John Thomas. Development and Evaluation of Selected Low Impact Development Practices for Runoff Management at the Nursery and Watershed Scales.

Degree: Biosystems & Agricultural Engineering, 2017, Oklahoma State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/299529

► Agricultural and urban runoff can threaten water resources. Land disturbances related to urbanization and agriculture can change hydrologic characteristics such as volume of runoff and… (more)

▼ Agricultural and urban runoff can threaten water resources. Land disturbances related to urbanization and agriculture can change hydrologic characteristics such as volume of runoff and peak flow. In addition, activities related to urbanization and agriculture can increase pollutants such as pesticides and nutrients present in runoff. The goal of this research was to evaluate and develop selected low impact development practices for management of runoff in two different settings, plant nurseries and urban areas. The specific objectives were: (1) Evaluate pesticide, nutrient, and sediment removal performance of two different types of constructed wetlands (one subsurface-flow and one free-surface) at two nurseries in Oklahoma; (2) Examine the effects of saturation conditions and irrigation patterns on pesticide removal using a lab-scale column study; and, (3) Develop a simple tool that enables practitioners with limited technical expertise to quickly and easily determine optimal combinations of LID practices that optimizes runoff reduction and cost. The pollutant removal performance evaluation of the two constructed wetlands demonstrated that both systems effectively reduced nutrients in runoff, but pesticide reduction was variable. The subsurface-flow constructed wetland significantly reduced most of the commonly seen pesticides however, pesticide removal was variable in the free-surface constructed wetland and no pesticide compound exhibited mass reduction that was statistically significant. While the lab-scale column study was exploratory in nature, results indicated higher pesticide removal under certain hydrologic patterns. There was a general trend indicating that holding water within the column system for a longer time increased removal efficiency. There was no indication that saturation conditions (fully saturated vs variably saturated) impacted pesticide removal. Finally, the optimization procedure addressed a need for developers and smaller municipalities that want to implement low impact development practices to reduce runoff while minimizing cost. The procedure used available software that did not require significant expertise in programming or hydrology, Microsoft Excel and the EPA Stormwater Calculator. Users could determine combinations that met different hydrologic or cost goals by modifying the objective function and/or constraints. Overall, meeting each research objective contributed to the overarching goal of reducing the impact of agricultural and urban runoff on water resources. Advisors/Committee Members: Vogel, Jason R. (advisor), Brown, Glenn Owen (committee member), Belden, Jason B. (committee member), Schnelle, Mike A. (committee member).

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

McMaine, J. T. (2017). Development and Evaluation of Selected Low Impact Development Practices for Runoff Management at the Nursery and Watershed Scales. (Thesis). Oklahoma State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11244/299529

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

McMaine, John Thomas. “Development and Evaluation of Selected Low Impact Development Practices for Runoff Management at the Nursery and Watershed Scales.” 2017. Thesis, Oklahoma State University. Accessed April 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11244/299529.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

McMaine, John Thomas. “Development and Evaluation of Selected Low Impact Development Practices for Runoff Management at the Nursery and Watershed Scales.” 2017. Web. 15 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

McMaine JT. Development and Evaluation of Selected Low Impact Development Practices for Runoff Management at the Nursery and Watershed Scales. [Internet] [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/299529.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

McMaine JT. Development and Evaluation of Selected Low Impact Development Practices for Runoff Management at the Nursery and Watershed Scales. [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/299529

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

17. Morrison, Shane Arthur. Methods for predicting environmentally-relevant concentrations of pulsed aquatic exposures.

Degree: Zoology, 2016, Oklahoma State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/48852

► Most current-use pesticides have short half-lives in the water column and thus the most relevant exposure scenarios for many aquatic organisms are pulsed exposures. However,… (more)

▼ Most current-use pesticides have short half-lives in the water column and thus the most relevant exposure scenarios for many aquatic organisms are pulsed exposures. However, it is frequently challenging to measure exposure due to rapid dissipation of contaminants from water and reduced bioavailability. Therefore, my objective was to evaluate methods for measuring environmentally-relevant exposures associated with pulsed events. The first study utilized a modeling approach to compare the effectiveness of discrete verses integrative sampling methods for predicting toxicologically-relevant pulsed concentrations. Differences between discrete point samples and integrative samples were highest at low sampling frequencies where discrete point samples required higher sampling frequencies to ensure median values > 50% and no sampling events reporting < 10% of the true 96-h time-weighted average concentration as compared to integrative methods. The second study implemented a biomonitoring approach using Helisoma trivolvis snail tissue residues to predict fungicide water concentrations. Although snails have high fungicide tolerance and tissue resides can be detected long after water concentrations drop below detection limits, passive elimination means that residues can only be used to assess whether exposure has occurred. Integrative sampling methods that continuously sample freely dissolved contaminants over time intervals (such as integrative passive samplers) have been demonstrated to be a promising measurement technique. Three different integrative passive sampler configurations were evaluated under different flow and pulsed exposure conditions for measurement of current-use pesticides (n=19), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (n=10), and personal care products (n=5). Results show that reducing membrane limitations allowed for rapid, integrative accumulation of analytes spanning a broad range of hydrophobicities (log Kow 1.5-7.6) even under pulsed conditions. The consequence of reducing membrane limitation was that sampling rates became flow dependent. As such, the last study evaluated various performance reference compounds (PRCs) as methods for in-situ flow corrections for analyte accumulation. Results suggested that multiple PRCs may be required to account for a wide range of flow dependencies. Additionally, although PRC corrections reduced the variability when in-situ conditions differed from laboratory calibrations (e.g. static verses moderate flow), applying PRC corrections under similar flow conditions increases variability in estimated values. Advisors/Committee Members: Belden, Jason B. (advisor), Dzialowski, Andrew R. (committee member), McMurry, Scott T. (committee member), Storm, Daniel E. (committee member).

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Morrison, S. A. (2016). Methods for predicting environmentally-relevant concentrations of pulsed aquatic exposures. (Thesis). Oklahoma State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11244/48852

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Morrison, Shane Arthur. “Methods for predicting environmentally-relevant concentrations of pulsed aquatic exposures.” 2016. Thesis, Oklahoma State University. Accessed April 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11244/48852.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Morrison, Shane Arthur. “Methods for predicting environmentally-relevant concentrations of pulsed aquatic exposures.” 2016. Web. 15 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Morrison SA. Methods for predicting environmentally-relevant concentrations of pulsed aquatic exposures. [Internet] [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/48852.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Morrison SA. Methods for predicting environmentally-relevant concentrations of pulsed aquatic exposures. [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/48852

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

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