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Michigan Technological University
1.
Halt, Joseph A.
FACTORS INFLUENCING MATERIAL LOSS DURING IRON ORE PELLET HANDLING.
Degree: MS, Department of Chemical Engineering, 2014, Michigan Technological University
URL: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/748 
► Iron ore concentrate pellets have the potential to fracture and abrade during transportation and handling, which produces unwanted fine particulates and dust. Consequently, pellet…
(more)
▼ Iron ore concentrate pellets have the potential to fracture and abrade during transportation and handling, which produces unwanted fine particulates and dust. Consequently, pellet producers characterize the abrasion resistance of their pellets, using an Abrasion Index (AI), to indicate whether their products will produce unacceptable levels of fines. However, no one has ever investigated whether the AI correlates to pellet dustiness.
During the course of this research, we investigated the relationship between AI and iron ore concentrate pellet dustiness using a wide range of industrial and laboratory pellet samples. The results showed that, in general, AI can be used to indicate high levels of dust. However, for good-quality pellets, there was no correlation between the two. Thus, dust generation from shipping and handling pellets will depend on the quantity of pellets handled and how much they are handled. These results also showed that the type of industrial furnace used to harden iron ore concentrate pellets may affect their fines generation and potential dustiness.
Advisors/Committee Members: S. Komar Kawatra.
Subjects/Keywords: Abrasion; Agglomeration; Dust; Iron ore; Pelletization; Pellets; Chemical Engineering
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APA (6th Edition):
Halt, J. A. (2014). FACTORS INFLUENCING MATERIAL LOSS DURING IRON ORE PELLET HANDLING. (Masters Thesis). Michigan Technological University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/748
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Halt, Joseph A. “FACTORS INFLUENCING MATERIAL LOSS DURING IRON ORE PELLET HANDLING.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Michigan Technological University. Accessed January 27, 2021.
https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/748.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Halt, Joseph A. “FACTORS INFLUENCING MATERIAL LOSS DURING IRON ORE PELLET HANDLING.” 2014. Web. 27 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Halt JA. FACTORS INFLUENCING MATERIAL LOSS DURING IRON ORE PELLET HANDLING. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Michigan Technological University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 27].
Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/748.
Council of Science Editors:
Halt JA. FACTORS INFLUENCING MATERIAL LOSS DURING IRON ORE PELLET HANDLING. [Masters Thesis]. Michigan Technological University; 2014. Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/748
Michigan Technological University
2.
Srivastava, Urvashi.
Sustainable Iron Making Processes.
Degree: PhD, Department of Chemical Engineering, 2014, Michigan Technological University
URL: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etd-restricted/199
► One of the most critical steps of iron making is reduction of iron oxide into metallic iron. A carbon-rich material is required as a…
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▼ One of the most critical steps of iron making is reduction of iron oxide into metallic iron. A carbon-rich material is required as a reducing agent in order to reduce iron oxide. Currently, all the reducing agents are non-sustainable, non-renewable and are derived from fossil fuel. Utilization of fossil fuel derived reducing agent causes emission of large amounts of CO
2 from iron and steel industry. Approximately, 69 million metric tons of CO
2 was released in year 2006 by iron and steel making industry alone in US (EPA, 2010). Iron and steel industry is also among the most energy intensive industries. Other problems faced by iron making industry are; depletion of high grade iron ores and unavailability of such a binder for iron ore pelletization which does not contaminates the iron oxide pellets.
Carbon is also stored in form of carbohydrates in different types of biomass e.g. woods, plants, and starch. Self-reducing iron oxide pellets were made using biomass as a reducing agent. These pellets were fired at different temperatures and residence times, and high quality pig iron nuggets were successfully produced. Results show that biomass has potential to reduce iron oxide into metallic iron and capable of producing pig iron over a wide range of operating conditions.
In other two different studies presented in this thesis proved that low grade iron ores can be used to directly produce metallic iron. Higher amount of iron was recovered when low grade ore was used to produce iron compared to upgraded ore. Another important area, iron ore pelletization was also studied. A binder that can provide high compressive strength to the iron oxide pellets and does not contaminates the pellets with other impurities is very desirable. Different types of organic and inorganic binder were used to produce iron oxide pellets. Results show that there are organic binders that are capable of providing high degree of strength to iron oxide pellets without diluting the total iron content.
Advisors/Committee Members: S. Komar Kawatra.
Subjects/Keywords: Chemical Engineering
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APA (6th Edition):
Srivastava, U. (2014). Sustainable Iron Making Processes. (Doctoral Dissertation). Michigan Technological University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etd-restricted/199
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Srivastava, Urvashi. “Sustainable Iron Making Processes.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Michigan Technological University. Accessed January 27, 2021.
https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etd-restricted/199.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Srivastava, Urvashi. “Sustainable Iron Making Processes.” 2014. Web. 27 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Srivastava U. Sustainable Iron Making Processes. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Michigan Technological University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 27].
Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etd-restricted/199.
Council of Science Editors:
Srivastava U. Sustainable Iron Making Processes. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Michigan Technological University; 2014. Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etd-restricted/199
Michigan Technological University
3.
McDonald, Jacob.
Advances in Alternative Binders for Iron Ore Pellets.
Degree: PhD, Department of Chemical Engineering, 2017, Michigan Technological University
URL: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr/362
► The replacement of bentonite as the standard iron ore binder is an important factor in the future of iron processing. Bentonite adds unwanted silica…
(more)
▼ The replacement of bentonite as the standard iron ore binder is an important factor in the future of iron processing. Bentonite adds unwanted silica to the final concentrated iron ore product. Excess silica from bentonite addition has been calculated to consume approximately 2.4 MJ of additional energy during the production of one metric ton of pig iron. Bentonite replacement requires an in-depth understanding of how alternative binders affect the agglomeration process. Starch has shown promise as a potential replacement binder for bentonite; other alternatives such as fly-ash have also been considered. Starches with solubilities ranging from 7.5-60% have been investigated as partial and full bentonite replacements. These starches have been found to allow for potential reductions in bentonite dose by 75%. Direct replacement of bentonite with starch yields pellets of sufficient quality for industrial use. Starch can be used as a direct replacement for bentonite; however, starch is significantly more expensive making direct xxi replacement cost prohibitive. Partial replacement of bentonite with 1 kg/ton starch was found to be a viable option. When using starch as a supplemental binder, pellets can be made that meet all minimum industrial standards for strength and maintaining a binder cost that is less than that of bentonite alone. The current state of knowledge presents significant gaps to be explored regarding the use of starch during pelletization. The proposed work will focus on the importance of starch solubility when starch is used as a binder, the impact of the absorption of water by starch, and the binding mechanism of starch during agglomeration. This work will rely heavily on microscopy techniques such as optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy.
Advisors/Committee Members: S. Komar Kawatra.
Subjects/Keywords: Iron; Agglomeration; Binders; Starch; Metallurgy
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APA (6th Edition):
McDonald, J. (2017). Advances in Alternative Binders for Iron Ore Pellets. (Doctoral Dissertation). Michigan Technological University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr/362
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
McDonald, Jacob. “Advances in Alternative Binders for Iron Ore Pellets.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Michigan Technological University. Accessed January 27, 2021.
https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr/362.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
McDonald, Jacob. “Advances in Alternative Binders for Iron Ore Pellets.” 2017. Web. 27 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
McDonald J. Advances in Alternative Binders for Iron Ore Pellets. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Michigan Technological University; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 27].
Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr/362.
Council of Science Editors:
McDonald J. Advances in Alternative Binders for Iron Ore Pellets. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Michigan Technological University; 2017. Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr/362
Michigan Technological University
4.
McDonald, Jacob.
REDUCTION OF SILICA FROM HEMATITE ORE CONCENTRATE PELLETS BY SUPPLEMENTING BENTONITE CLAY WITH STARCH.
Degree: MS, Department of Chemical Engineering, 2017, Michigan Technological University
URL: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr/361
► The replacement of bentonite as the standard iron ore binder is an important factor in the future of iron processing. Bentonite adds 0.7%-1.0% unwanted…
(more)
▼ The replacement of bentonite as the standard iron ore binder is an important factor in the future of iron processing. Bentonite adds 0.7%-1.0% unwanted silica to the final iron product. Bentonite replacement requires an in-depth understanding of how alternative binders affect the agglomeration process. One such alternative binder is starch, which can be modified in a multitude of ways. It has been observed that the use of a highly soluble starch can greatly increase the dry compressive strength of a hematite concentrate pellet. By heating a starch solution or extruding a starch, its solubility can be altered. When using starch along with bentonite, a suitable pellet can be produced that can withstand all aspects of pellet handling. It was observed that at the highest solubility of starch there was a strength increase of approximately 15 lbf.
Advisors/Committee Members: S. Komar Kawatra.
Subjects/Keywords: Pelletization; starch; binders; hematite; Other Materials Science and Engineering
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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CSE |
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to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
McDonald, J. (2017). REDUCTION OF SILICA FROM HEMATITE ORE CONCENTRATE PELLETS BY SUPPLEMENTING BENTONITE CLAY WITH STARCH. (Masters Thesis). Michigan Technological University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr/361
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
McDonald, Jacob. “REDUCTION OF SILICA FROM HEMATITE ORE CONCENTRATE PELLETS BY SUPPLEMENTING BENTONITE CLAY WITH STARCH.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Michigan Technological University. Accessed January 27, 2021.
https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr/361.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
McDonald, Jacob. “REDUCTION OF SILICA FROM HEMATITE ORE CONCENTRATE PELLETS BY SUPPLEMENTING BENTONITE CLAY WITH STARCH.” 2017. Web. 27 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
McDonald J. REDUCTION OF SILICA FROM HEMATITE ORE CONCENTRATE PELLETS BY SUPPLEMENTING BENTONITE CLAY WITH STARCH. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Michigan Technological University; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 27].
Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr/361.
Council of Science Editors:
McDonald J. REDUCTION OF SILICA FROM HEMATITE ORE CONCENTRATE PELLETS BY SUPPLEMENTING BENTONITE CLAY WITH STARCH. [Masters Thesis]. Michigan Technological University; 2017. Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr/361
Michigan Technological University
5.
Haselhuhn, Howard James, III.
THE DISPERSION AND SELECTIVE FLOCCULATION OF HEMATITE ORE.
Degree: PhD, Department of Chemical Engineering, 2015, Michigan Technological University
URL: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/945
► Iron ore is one of the most important ores in the world. Over the past century, most mining of iron ore has been focused…
(more)
▼ Iron ore is one of the most important ores in the world. Over the past century, most mining of iron ore has been focused on magnetite (Fe3O4). As the name suggests, magnetite is magnetic in nature and is easily separated from gangue (unwanted) minerals through magnetic separation processes. Unfortunately, the magnetite ore bodies are diminishing. Because of this, there has been a recent drive to pursue technology that can economically separate hematite (Fe2O3) from its gangue minerals as hematite is a much more abundant source of iron. Most hematite ore has a very small liberation size that is frequently less than 25μm. Beneficiation of any ore with this fine of a liberation size requires advanced processing methods and is seldom pursued.
A single process, known as selective flocculation and dispersion, has been successfully implemented at a plant scale for the beneficiation of fine liberation size hematite ore. Very little is known about this process as it was discovered by the U.
S. Bureau of Mines by accident. The process is driven by water chemistry and surface chemistry modifications that enhance the separation of the hematite from its gangue minerals. This dissertation focuses on the role of water chemistry and process reagents in this hematite beneficiation process. It has been shown that certain ions, including calcium and magnesium, play a significant role in the process. These ions have a significant effect on the surface chemistry as reported by zeta potential studies. It was shown that magnesium ions within the process water have a more significant impact on surface chemistry than calcium ions due to steric hindrance effects at the hematite surface. It has also been shown that polyacrylic acid dispersants, if used in the process, can increase product quality (increase iron content, decrease phosphorus content, decrease silica content) substantially.
Water, surface and reagent chemistry experiments were performed at a laboratory, pilot, and full plant scale during the course of this work. Many of the conclusions developed in the laboratory and pilot scale were found to be true at the full plant scale as well. These studies are the first published in history to develop theories of water chemistry and surface chemistry interactions at a full plant scale.
Advisors/Committee Members: S. Komar Kawatra.
Subjects/Keywords: Beneficiation; Dispersion; Flocculation; Hematite; Chemical Engineering; Mining Engineering
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APA ·
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to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Haselhuhn, Howard James, I. (2015). THE DISPERSION AND SELECTIVE FLOCCULATION OF HEMATITE ORE. (Doctoral Dissertation). Michigan Technological University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/945
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Haselhuhn, Howard James, III. “THE DISPERSION AND SELECTIVE FLOCCULATION OF HEMATITE ORE.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Michigan Technological University. Accessed January 27, 2021.
https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/945.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Haselhuhn, Howard James, III. “THE DISPERSION AND SELECTIVE FLOCCULATION OF HEMATITE ORE.” 2015. Web. 27 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Haselhuhn, Howard James I. THE DISPERSION AND SELECTIVE FLOCCULATION OF HEMATITE ORE. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Michigan Technological University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 27].
Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/945.
Council of Science Editors:
Haselhuhn, Howard James I. THE DISPERSION AND SELECTIVE FLOCCULATION OF HEMATITE ORE. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Michigan Technological University; 2015. Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/945
. 
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